Diagramas de Ellinmgham

 

 

󰁐󰁩󰁲󰁯󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬󰁵󰁲󰁧󰁩󰁡 󰁁󰁶󰁡󰁮󰁺󰁡󰁤󰁡 󲀓󰁍󰁉78󰁁 󰁔󰁡󰁲󰁥󰁡 󰁎󰂰1 󰀭 󰁄󰁩󰁡󰁧󰁲󰁡󰁭󰁡󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁅󰁬󰁬󰁩󰁮󰁧󰁨󰁡󰁭 󰁐󰁲󰁯󰁦󰁥󰁳󰁯󰁲󰁥󰁳󰀺 󰁁󰁵󰁸󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁡󰁲󰀺

󰁇󰁡󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁥󰁬 󰁒󰁩󰁶󰁥󰁲󰁯󰁳 󲀓 󰁌󰁥󰁡󰁮󰁤󰁲󰁯 󰁖󰁯󰁩󰁳󰁩󰁮 󰁊󰁵󰁬󰁩󰁯 󰁄󰃭󰁡󰁺

1.  󰁅󰁳󰁴󰁵󰁤󰁩󰁥 󰁬󰁡 󰁲󰁥󰁤󰁵󰁣󰁴󰁩󰁢󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤 󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁲󰁥 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁳󰁩󰁧󰁵󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁳 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰃳󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁯󰁳/󰁳󰃺󰁬󰁦󰁵󰁲󰁯󰁳 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰃡󰁬󰁩󰁣󰁯󰁳. • 

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󰁍󰁧󰁏 󲀓 󰁁󰁬2󰁏3  󰁆󰁥󰁏 󲀓 󰁚󰁮󰁏 󰁍󰁧󰁓 󲀓 󰁎󰁡2󰁓 󰁃󰁵2󰁏 󲀓 󰁃󰁵2󰁓 󰁁󰁧2󰁓 󰀭 󰁃󰁡󰁓

2. 󰁅󰁬 󰁣󰁯󰁢󰁲󰁥 󰁥󰁳 󰁵󰁮 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰁡󰁬 󰁱󰁵󰁥 󰁦󰁵󰁮󰁤󰁥 󰁡 󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁯󰁲 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁡 󰁱󰁵󰁥 󰁳󰁵 󰃳󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁯󰁲 󰁰󰁵󰁮󰁴󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁦󰁵󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 (󰁃󰁵2󰁏). 󰁍󰁥󰁤󰁩󰁣󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁯󰁸󰃭󰁧󰁥󰁮󰁯 󰁥󰁮 󰁥󰁱󰁵󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁯 󰁣󰁯󰁮 󰁃󰁵(󰁳) 󰁹 󰁃󰁵2󰁏(󰁳) 󰁥󰁮 󰁥󰁬 󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁧󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁡󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁢󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁃󰁵(󰁳), 󰁹 󰁥󰁮 󰁥󰁱󰁵󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁯 󰁣󰁯󰁮 󰁃󰁵(󰁬) 󰁹 󰁃󰁵 2󰁏(󰁳) 󰁥󰁮 󰁥󰁬 󰁲󰁡󰁮󰁧󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁥󰁳󰁴󰁡󰁢󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁤 󰁤󰁥 󰁃󰁵(󰁬) 󰁩󰁮󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁮 󰁱󰁵󰁥󰀺

4Cu ( s ) + O   2 ( g ) = 2  Cu 2 O ( s )

∆G

0

= −81000 −  7.84T  log T  + 59.01T 

4Cu (l ) + O  2 ( g ) = 2  Cu 2 O ( s )

∆G

0

= −93393 − 

[cal ]

7.84T  log T  + 68.15T  [cal ]

󰁍󰁥󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁬󰁡 󰁥󰁬󰁡󰁢󰁯󰁲󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥 󰁵󰁮 󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁧󰁲󰁡󰁭󰁡 󰁤󰁥 󰁅󰁬󰁬󰁩󰁮󰁧󰁨󰁡󰁭, 󰁤󰁥󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁥󰀺 󰁡)  󰁔󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁡 󰁤󰁥 󰁦󰁵󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁣󰁯󰁢󰁲󰁥. 󰁢)  󰁃󰁡󰁬󰁯󰁲 󰁬󰁡󰁴󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁤󰁥 󰁦󰁵󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮. 󰁣)  󰁅󰁮󰁴󰁲󰁯󰁰󰃭󰁡 󰁤󰁥 󰁣󰁡󰁭󰁢󰁩󰁯 󰁤󰁥 󰁦󰁡󰁳󰁥.

3.󰀭 󰁅󰁸󰁰󰁬󰁩󰁱󰁵󰁥 󰁡󰁮󰁡󰁬󰃭󰁴󰁩󰁣󰁡 󰁹 󰁧󰁲󰃡󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁬󰁡 󰁳󰁩󰁧󰁵󰁩󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁡󰁦󰁩󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁭󰁥󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁥󰁬 󰁵󰁳󰁯 󰁤󰁥󰁬 󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁧󰁲󰁡󰁭󰁡 󰁤󰁥 󰁅󰁬󰁬󰁩󰁮󰁧󰁨󰁡󰁭 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰃳󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁯󰁳 󰁭󰁥󰁴󰃡󰁬󰁩󰁣󰁯󰁳󰀺 0

󲀜Δ󰁇  󰁰󰁵󰁥󰁤󰁥 󰁳󰁥󰁲 󰁶󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁡 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁯 󰁥󰁬 󰁤󰁥󰁳󰁣󰁥󰁮󰁳󰁯 󰁥󰁮 󰁬󰁡 󰁥󰁮󰁥󰁲󰁧󰃭󰁡 󰁬󰁩󰁢󰁲󰁥 󰁤󰁥 󰁵󰁮 󰁭󰁯󰁬 󰁤󰁥 󰁏2(󰁧) 󰁣󰁵󰁡󰁮󰁤󰁯 󰁳󰁵 󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥󰁣󰁲󰁥󰁣󰁥 󰁤󰁥 1 󰁡󰁴󰁭 󰁡 󰁐󰁏2(󰁔) 󰁡󰁴󰁭 󰁡 󰁬󰁡 󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁴󰁵󰁲󰁡 󰁔󲀝.

 

 

5. 󰁓󰁥 󰁤󰁥󰁳󰁥󰁡 󰁯󰁸󰁩󰁤󰁡󰁲 󰁴󰁩󰁴󰁡󰁮󰁩󰁯 󰁡 1500󰂰󰁃 󰁭󰁥󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁵󰁮 󰁥󰁱󰁵󰁩󰁬󰁩󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁯 󰁨󰁥󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁯󰁧󰃩󰁮󰁥󰁯 󰁣󰁯󰁮 󰁭󰁥󰁺󰁣󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁃󰁏/󰁃󰁏 2  󰁹 󰁈2/󰁈2󰁏 󰁰󰁯󰁲 󰁳󰁥󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡󰁤󰁯. 󰁄󰁥󰁴󰁥󰁲󰁭󰁩󰁮󰁥 󰁧󰁲󰃡󰁦󰁩󰁣󰁡 󰁹 󰁡󰁮󰁡󰁬󰃭󰁴󰁩󰁣󰁡󰁭󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁳 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁣󰁩󰁡󰁬󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁬󰁯󰁳 󰁣󰁯󰁭󰁰󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁥󰁳 󰁧󰁡󰁳󰁥󰁯󰁳󰁯󰁳 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁣󰁡󰁤󰁡 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡.

6. 󰁓󰁩 󰁳󰁥 󰁱󰁵󰁩󰁥󰁲󰁥 󰁲󰁥󰁤󰁵󰁣󰁩󰁲 󰁆󰁥󰁏 󰁡 󰁆󰁥 󰁭󰁥󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁮󰁴󰁥 󰁬󰁡 󰁡󰁤󰁩󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥 󰁣󰁡󰁲󰁢󰃳󰁮 󰁡 600󰂰󰁃. 󰂿󰁃󰁵󰃡󰁬 󰁥󰁳 󰁬󰁡 󰁭󰃡󰁸󰁩󰁭󰁡 󰁰󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁱󰁵󰁥 󰁰󰁵󰁥󰁤󰁥 󰁳󰁥󰁲 󰁴󰁯󰁬󰁥󰁲󰁡󰁤󰁡 󰁥󰁮 󰁥 󰁮 󰁥󰁬 󰁳󰁩󰁳󰁴󰁥󰁭󰁡 󰁰󰁡󰁲󰁡 󰁰󰁥󰁲󰁭󰁩󰁴󰁩󰁲 󰁬󰁡 󰁲󰁥󰁡󰁣󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁤󰁥 󰁲󰁥󰁤󰁵󰁣󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮󰀿 󰁄󰁡󰁴󰁯󰁳󰀺   ( s ) + 1 2 O 2 (  g )  FeO( s ) =  Fe

∆G

0

=

  2 ( g ) =  CO 2 ( g ) C ( s) + O

∆G

0

= −94200   − 0.2T 

  2 ( g ) =  2CO ( g ) 2C ( s) + O

∆G

0

= −53400   − 41.9T 

∆G

0

= −135000   +

∆G

0

=

62050   − 14.95T  [cal ] [cal ] [cal ]

41.5T  [cal ]

  ( g ) = 2 2CO ( g ) + O   CO ( g ) 2

2

  2 ( g ) =  2CO ( g ) C ( s) + CO

  − 41.7T  [cal ] 40800

󰁁󰁮󰁡󰁬󰁩󰁣󰁥 󰁬󰁡󰁳 󰁤󰁯󰁳 󰁲󰁥󰁡󰁣󰁣󰁩󰁯󰁮󰁥󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁲󰁥󰁤󰁵󰁣󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁰󰁯󰁳󰁩󰁢󰁬󰁥󰁳.

󰁔󰁡󰁲󰁥󰁡 󰁤󰁥 󰁣󰁡󰁲󰃡󰁣󰁴󰁥󰁲 󰁩󰁮󰁤󰁩󰁶󰁩󰁤󰁵󰁡󰁬 󰁅󰁬󰁡󰁢󰁯󰁲󰁡󰁣󰁩󰃳󰁮 󰁥󰁮 󰁦󰁯󰁲󰁭󰁡󰁴󰁯 󰁤󰁩󰁧󰁩󰁴󰁡󰁬 (󰁩󰁮󰁣󰁬󰁵󰁹󰁡 󰁤󰁩󰁡󰁧󰁲󰁡󰁭󰁡󰁳 󰁤󰁥 󰁅󰁬󰁬󰁩󰁮󰁧󰁨󰁡󰁭 󰁤󰁯󰁮󰁤󰁥 󰁣󰁯󰁲󰁲󰁥󰁳󰁰󰁯󰁮󰁤󰁡) 󰁆󰁥󰁣󰁨󰁡 󰁤󰁥 󰁥󰁮󰁴󰁲󰁥󰁧󰁡󰀺 󰁖󰁩󰁥󰁲󰁮󰁥󰁳 22 󰁤󰁥 󰁁󰁢󰁲󰁩󰁬 󰁶󰃭󰁡 󰁵󰀭󰁣󰁵󰁲󰁳󰁯󰁳