Development of the Pig Embryo

November 26, 2017 | Author: Karmina Santos | Category: Heart, Aorta, Ventricle (Heart), Anatomical Terms Of Location, Tongue
Share Embed Donate


Short Description

anterior pig...

Description

Development of the Pig Embryo (Anterior) Later Stages of Development of Pig Embryo follow pattern of development for the chick except for the following: 1. The formation of extraembryonic membranes 2. Additional role of allantois and or blood vessels in: a. Excretion b. Nutrition c. Gaseous exchange thru placenta 3. Relationship of chorion and uterine endometrium in placenta WHOLE MOUNT Info before the sections: -

-

-

Flexures and bending observed in the pig: o Cranial o Cervical o Caudal o Bending in lumbar and sacral regions  Due to limited space in uterine cavity  Results in formation of curved embryo (resembling letter C) Internal structures can be seen because of the THIN SKIN (sarap chicharon hahaha) Prosencephalon o Olfactory Vesicles  Outgrowths at prosencephalon  At rostral end of the head o Optic Vesicle  Ventrolateral to olfactory vesicle  swellings o Otic Vesicle  Posterior  Lateral to myelencephalon 1st and 2nd Visceral Arches are prominent o Mandibular (1st) arch

-

-

-

 Provides basics of lower jaw  Posterior to maxillary processes  Below naso-medial processes o Hyoid (2nd) arch  Source of hyoid skeleton Hyomandibular cleft o Between the 1st and 2nd visceral arches 3rd and 4th Visceral arches o Not distinct o Sunk deeper into the embryo in the Cervical Sinus Somites o From trunk region to tail o Superficial bulges Position of Heart, Liver and Mesonephros o Observed on lateral and ventral part of body Paddle-shaped limb pads o Close to a region (not specified) and close to a tail region o So there are 2 paddle – shaped limb pads Mammary Ridges o Dorso- lateral swellings o Between levels of forelimb and hindlimb buds

-

-

Transverse Section

**Note: Because of the flexions (cranial, cervical and caudal), the most cranial region region of specimen will not be observed in the first few sections - Level of the Myelencephalon Name and Description

-

Location

-

Function / Cavity

-

Has wide ventricle IV o Becomes narrower as it reaches level of spinal cord -

-

Fate

-

-

Derived From/ Arises From -

-

-

-

-

Mesocoel/Cerebral Aqueduct of Sylvius o Leads to ventricle of metencephalon via the Isthmus - Isthmus o Narrow constriction Both sides of wider - Auditory (Otic) Vesicle o Cavity beside duct area of seen posteriorly myelencephalon Lateral and parallel to - Nerve separates into 2 myelencephalon posteriorly: o DORSAL  Dorso-lateral to myelencephalon  Jugular ganglion lies lateral as it is moved posteriorly o VENTRAL  Ventral to above - Level of the Mesencephalon and Metencephalon

-

-

Myelencephalon Thin anterior wall Thick posterior wall Neuromere marking seen posteriorly

-

Neuromeres Undulations Metencephalon - Thick – walled brain region - V - shaped Mesencephalon - Thick - walled

-

-

Endolymphatic Ducts Cavities

-

Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) Long, fibrous strand

-

-

-

-

-

Wall of myelencephalon Lower part of 4th ventricle Occupies lowermost portions of brain

**Find out what the ventricle is called** -

-

-

-

Name and Description

-

Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) - Dorsal portion almost faded o Frorlep’s ganglion observed instead of dorsal portion - Ventral Portion o Still lies ventral to above Jugular Ganglion - First ganglion of Vagus Nerve (X) observed - Large ganglionic mass -

Location

-

-

-

-

-

Superior Ganglion First ganglion of glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Smaller than jugular ganglion Auditory (Otic) Vesicle continuous with

-

-

-

Lateral to 11th neuromere of myelencephalon Observed before frorlep’s ganglion -

Between jugular ganglion and auditory vesicle

Fate

-

-

Derived From/ Arises From -

-

-

Nodose Ganglion - Second ganglion of vagus nerve Frorlep’s Ganglion - Both sides of brain - Small but prominent caudal to roots of ganglion spinal accessory nerve (XII) Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) -

-

Function / Cavity/Takes Place

-

Streaks of vagus nerve takes place of ganglion posteriorly

-

-

-

Takes place of streaks of vagus nerve as it fades out -

-

-

-

-

-

It is the hypoglossal nerve if the frorlep’s ganglion is in view

-

-

replaced by a second ganglion of the IXth nerve (petrosal ganglion)

-

-

Future utriculus of inner ear now in view Rudiment of

-

-

In Posterior Section; represented by

-

ORIGINATES: Minute branches of nerves from ventrolateral wall of Myelencephalon -

-

endolymphatic duct

-

Facial Nerve (VII) bundles of fibers from myelencephalon to its ganglion, the geniculate Auditory Nerve (VIII) - best observed posteriorly Auditory Ganglion -

Posterior Semicircular Canal o Projection on top of future utriculus - Rudiment of Anterior Semicircular Canal o Projection on bottom of future utriculus

-

-

future sacculus - Future Sacculus o no projection and connection with endolymphatic duct o closely related to auditory nerve -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Below auditory vesicle -

-

Occulomotor Nerve (III) Small bodies of nerve fibers

-

In Mesenchyme At level when metencephalon has separated from mesencephalon

-

Semilunar (Gasserian) Ganglion - Ganglion of Trigeminal Nerve (V) - Biggest ganglion so far of all cranial ganglia Trigeminal Nerves (V) Basilar Artery - Small blood vessels

-

- Associated with metencephalon -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Lying in midline Beneath metencephalon

Auditory Ganglion + Geniculate ganglion = Acoustico – Facialis ganglion

-

ARISES FROM: Myelencephalon

ARISES FROM: Metencephalon

Abducens Nerve (VI) - Small nerves

-

Growing out on sides of myelencephalon and future sacculus

-

Name and Description -

-

-

-

n

ARISES FROM: Myelencephalo

Level of Pharyngeal Cavity and Diencephalon

Location

Pharyngeal Cavity Appears divided because of cranial flexure o Anterior Portion  Ventral Cavity leads to stomodeu m o Posterior Portion  Dorsal Cavity leads to Trachea & Stomodeu m

TONGUE RUDIMENTS A. Tuberculum Impar - Median swelling B. Lateral Tongue Swellings - Paired elevations C. Copula - swellings -

- Disappears posteriorly

At lower portion of bridge leads to stomodeum Both sides of tuberculum impar On Top of tuberculum impar Occupies medial pat of visceral arch 2

Function / Cavity/Takes Place - Bridge of mesenchyme o Separates anterior and posterior portion o First Few of Bridge shows paired 1st pharyngeal (branchial) arches connected o Broadens, also shows 2nd pharyngeal arches connected -

-

-

Protrude to cavity leads to trachea and esophagus POSTERIORLY: o Union of 3rd

-

-

Derived From/ Arises From -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Fate

-

Pati manual tinanong ano fate ng tongue rudiment amputa

-

ARISES FROM Pharyngeal floor at bases of 2nd & 3rd Branchial arches

-

- Epiglottis Median swelling

-

- On top of connected paired 3rdpharyngeal arches -

First Pharyngeal Pouch - Bounded by Mandibular arch lower portion - Hyoid arch on upper portion - Maxillary Process - Prominence or outgrowth below mandibular arch

-

-

- Rathke’s Pouch Appears like a cavity on top of the diencephalons which opens to stomodeum

-

-

Edi tongue. Tongue rudiment eh? kaloka

Hyomandibular Cleft o Where pouch opens to outside posteriorly

-

-

-

Maxillary & Mandibular Process DERIVED FROM - 1st Branchial Arch ARISES FROM - Dorsal evagination of stomodeum extends under diencephalon to infundibulum -

-

-

-

-

- Diencephalon Laterally compressed brain - SPINAL CORD - Spinal nerves basis of differentiation for myelen and spinal cord

-

-

pharyngeal arch observed o This widens mesenchyme bridge Took place of copula

-

bears ventricle III

-

-

-

A. FLOOR PLATE - On top of notochord Thin wall of spinal cord

-

B. BASAL PLATE

-

Indicates fusion of

C. ROOF PLATE

What is the fate of the Infundibulum? Hypophysis (??) pls confirm

-

Most dorsal cavity No marked boundary separating it from myelencephalon Corresponds to neural groove during neural plate stage -

- Lies antero-ventrally on sides of floor plate -

-

-

-

-

DERIVED FROM 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arches

-

Thin mid-dorsal wall -

D. ALAR PLATE

- Lies postero-ventrally on both sides of roof plate E. SULCUS LIMITANS - Depression on inner wall - Nodose - Big pair of ganglia on top Ganglion of both sides of cavity - 2nd ganglion of Vagus - Leads to trachea and Nerve esophagus Anterior (Cranial) - Close to top of nodose Cardinal (Precardinal ganglia Vein) - Pair of ganglia

-

Dorsal Aorta Pair of artery

-

Anterior Sections Shows: - Paired big vessels between posterior section of sacculus Posterior Sections Shows: - Paired vessels dorsally located and close to epidermis -

- Close to anterior cardinal vein and nodose ganglion - Towards inner side of body of embryo

Name and Description -

-

Spinal Ganglia

-

4th Pharyngeal Pouches

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Level of Pharynx

Location

On dorsal roots of spinal nerves On both sides of inverted u – shaped

Marks boundary between alar and basal plates

-

-

neural folds Lamina Terminalis o Most anterior is the forward extension

Function / Cavity/Takes Place -

Parathyroid Small diverticulum

-

Fate

-

-

Derived From/ Arises From -

Parathyroid arises from:

-

Lateral recesses

cavity of pharynx

-

Ultimobranchial body (rudimentary 5th pharyngeal pouch/lateral pouch) Arytenoid Swellings - Cause for U-shaped appearance of pharynx

-

On ventral wall of 4th pharyngeal pouch

-

-

Swellings from pharyngeal floor

-

Between pair of arytenoid swellings Below glottis

-

On top of ultimobranchial body Beside dorsal aorta’s outer periphery

-

Glottis

-

-

Larynx

-

-

Dorsal Aorta Pair of big blood vessels Anterior Cardinal Vein - Big blood vessels Ventral Aorta - Bears arytenoid swellings

-

-

-

-

-

Artery below larynx in mesenchymal mass

-

- On sides of diencephalon

-

-

Fate of Arytenoid swellings? Yoq na bes -

-

-

-

-

Space or cavity Leads to larynx Cavity in mesenchymal mass -

-

-

-

-

-

Eye -Studied at level of diencephalon A. OPTIC CUP -Rounded or elongated structure B. SENSORY RETINA - Inner thicker layer of optic

Small depression or cavity of epithelial lining

POSTERIORLY Connection of paired 3rd branchial arch, ventral aorta and dorsal aorta Thyroid Gland o Mass cells below ventral aorta o Found at start of union/connectio n

-

(anteriorly) FORMED: - Paired branchial (aortic) arch meet to form ventral aorta - Thyroid Gland (DERIVED) - At level between 2nd pharyngeal epithelium and push into mesenchyme -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Optic nerves

Dorsal wall of epithelium of 4th Pharyngeal Pouch

cup

C. PIGMENTED EPITHELIUM -Outer thinner layer of optic cup D. LENS VESICLE - Small sac – like structure within optic cup

-

-

-

-

-

-

- Choroid fissure groove

- on ventral rim of optic cup

-

-

- Optic Stalk Narrow space -

Corneal Epithelium

-

-

Name and Description -

Pharynx Smaller before Larynx

-

emerge from inner retina converges at choroid fissure on its way to the brain What do you call the brownish pigment in it? Hay jusq di ko alam -

-

How did it arise??? Invagination of Skin Ectoderm (pls confirm) -

area where portion of optic cup is missing (dorsal side) - Connecting optic cup and diencephalon - Skin ectoderm covering lens vesicle Level of the Pulmonary Aorta and Telencephalon

Location

Function / Cavity/Takes Place -

-

- Small cavity below pharynx Paired 6th Aortic Arch - on mesenchymal mass below pharynx Pulmonary Trunk of Conus Arteriosus Bulbus Cordis - Chamber of heart

-

-

-

-

-

Fate

-

-

Derived From/ Arises From -

-

-

-

Unites to form arm of Y – shaped figure Lower portion of Y – shaped figure Where pulmonary trunk is extended ventrally Blood Flow

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Aortic Trunk Blood vessel Pericardial Cavity

Telencephalon Continuation of diencephalon

-

-

- Beside pulmonary trunk -

Nasal Pit - On lateral surfaces of Pair of cavities head close to upper Olfactory Pit extends to portion of oral cavity telencephalon

Olfactory Nerves Streak of nerves Synonym: Olfactory

- Between nasal pit and anteroventral wall of telencephalon

Ventricle  Bulbus Cordis  Ventral Aorta  Aortic Arches - Embedded in bulbus cordis - Where bulbus cordis lies Telencephalic Vesicles - Lateral outgrowths - Ventricle I and III Interventricular Foramen - Means of ventricles to communicate Foramen of Monro - Communicate ventricle III of diencephalon with Telencephalic vesicles - Elevated regions of mesenchyme - Lateral and medial regions of mesenchyme if moved posteriorly Posterior Nares/ Nasal Choanae - opening of pit to oral cavity Nostrils/ External Nares external openings -

-

-

-

-

-

-

What is the fate of the Lateral and Medial Nasal processes??? Who knows? We might never know

-

PIT DEEPENING (ARISES) - Olfactory pit invagination and growth of nasal processes -

-

Pit -

Name and Description

Esophagus Tiny, thick – walled circular hole Trachea - Thick – walled cavity Apical Bronchus Synonym: Eparterial Bronchus -

-

Level of Heart and Apical Bronchus

Location

- Beneath paired dorsal aorta

Function / Cavity/Takes Place

- Beneath esophagus

-

-

-

Marks union of anterior and posterior cardinal veins

-

Where common cardinals open Valvulae Venosae guard the entrance into atria prevents backflow of blood from atria to sinus venosus

-

-

-

Derived From/ Arises From -

-

-

-

-

-

Atrium thin walled portion of heart no signs of musculature

Took place of larynx -

Common Cardinal - Beside dorsal aorta Veins - Bigger pair of cardinal veins - Syonyms: Ducts of Cuvier Sinus Venosus - Thin walled chamber

Fate

Interatrial Septum - Marks right and left chambers Interatrial Foramen - Small opening between right and left chambers

-

-

-

-

-

Fate? Feel ko lungs haha pls confirm -

-

-

Fate of Openings of common cardinals: ATRIA

ARISES FROM Unapired evagination of trachea on right side -

-

Fate of Sinus Venosus? IDK -

-

Ventricle Thick walled chamber of heart

-

-

Atrioventricular Canal (Left & Right) -Keeps atria and ventricles continuous

-

Endocardial Cushion- In between left and right Mass of mesenchyme atrioventricular canals Pericardial Cavity Parietal Pericardium

-

Trabeculae Carnae - Muscular ridges on ventricle Interventricular Septum - Dorsally incomplete - Presence of interventricular foramen -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Wall of the Heart A. Endocardium - Close contact with blood - Inner layer of heart B. Myocardium - Middle and thickest layer of heart C. Epicardium Outer layer of outer lining of heart - Synonym: Visceral Pericardium

-

Cavity enclosing heart Lining of Pericardial Cavity

-

-

-

What valves will develop within the right atrioventricul ar canal? Left atrioventricul ar canal?

-

View more...

Comments

Copyright ©2017 KUPDF Inc.
SUPPORT KUPDF