Determination of total alkalinity of water sample

GC woman university sialkot

Lab report………1

Subject : Applied chemistry Submitted to: M’am Anum noor  Submitted by:  

Shaherbano Roll no:

 

(58)

Purpose:

To determine determine the alkalinity o !ater sample as tap !ater and distilled !ater by titration" Theory: (intro) Alkalinity is the name ame #i$en to the %ua %uantitati$e capa apacity city o an a%ueous a%ueous solution  solution to neutrali&e neutrali&e an  an acid acid"" Measurin# alkalinity is important in determinin# a stream's ability to neutrali&e acidic pollution rom rainall rainall or  or !aste!ater " t is one o the best measures o the sensiti$ity o the stream to acid inputs" There can be lon#term chan#es in the alkalinity o  streams and ri$ers in response to human disturbances" Alkalinity is related to the p* the p* o  o a solution (its basicity (its basicity)+ )+ but measures a dierent property" Rou#hly+ the alkalinity o a solution is a measure o ho! ,stron#, the bases are in a solution+ !hereas the p* measures the ,amount, o chemical bases" A #ood e-ample is a buer a buer solution solution++ !hich can ha$e many a$ailable bases (hi#h alkalinity) despite ha$in# onl y a moderate p* le$el.

Alkalinity measurements are used in the interpretation and control o !ater and !aste!ater  treatment processes" Ra! domestic !aste!ater has an alkalinity less than+ or only sli#htly #reater than+ that o the !ater supply" .roperly operatin# anaerobic di#esters typically ha$e supernatant alkalinities in the ran#e o /000 to 1000 m# calcium carbonate (2a234)6" Alkalinity is the measure o the resistance o !ater to the lo!erin# o p* !hen acids are added to the !ater" Acid additions #enerally come rom rain or sno!+ thou#h soil sources are also also import important ant in some some areas" areas" Alkali Alkalinity nity increa increases ses as !ater  !ater  dissol$es dissol$es rocks containin# containin# calcium carbonate such as calcite ca lcite and limestone" Alkalinity is sometimes incorrectly used interchan#eably !ith basicity !ith basicity"" 7or e-ample+ the p* o a solution can be lo!ered by the addition o 23/" This !ill reduce the basicity ho!e$er+ the alkalinity !ill remain unchan#ed.9hen your body is hi#hly acidic your body !ill leach alkaline minerals to balance your p*" This means it dra!s calcium rom your teeth and bones+  potass  potassium ium rom rom your muscles muscles and ner$es ner$es++ ma#nesiu ma#nesium m rom your arteri arteries+ es+ and sodium sodium rom your  your   joints  joints"" no nort rtuna unatel tely y it’ it’ss not lookin lookin# # to to rele release ase any o the acid acid to-i to-ins ns that that your your body is stori storin# n# in it’s it’s at cells" So in the end+ our bodies hold onto the acidic to-ins and !e loose $aluable bone supporti$e minerals" 9e all ha$e a delicate p* and our bodies preer a sli#htly alkaline en$ironment" 9hen the oods !e consume push our p* to!ard acidity our bodies ind alkaline minerals stored internally to cure the imbalance" 9hile our bodies are ama&in# machines and ha$e the ability to do this and keep us in healthy p* ran#e+ the process o repairin# this imbalance re%uires a se$ere loss o the $ery minerals you !ork hard to supplement daily" ;$en more scary+ acidity is a silent killer+ causin# inlammation in the body !hich is the root o all disease" Alkalinity o natural !ater is determined by the soil and bedrock throu#h !hich it passes"

 The main sources or natural alkalinity are rocks !hich contain carbonate+ bicarbonate+ and hydro-ide compounds"