Determinación de La MVSM y Humedad Óptima de Un Suelo

 

CEP]C]^]B TBAC]Ã@EC@B EO@CBEOA NP@^NAO P^TNZCBZ MN CEGNECNZËO S OZ_^C]N@]^ZO ^ECMOM TZBINPCBEOA XO@O]NE@B

KONP]ZËO NE CEGNECNZËO @CYCA Ïrno mcs`cpaceorco8 Gnbtn`eco Gnbtn`eco   Pnknstrn8 :¸

Grupb8 Øec`b Øec`b  

Oscgeoturo8 Aojbrotbrcb mn Gnbtn`eco  Gnbtn`eco  @otnmrïtc`b8 K. C. Korëo Guomoaupn Baëe Kbetcna  Kbetcna  Oaukeb8 B`tovcb @ostrb @oko`lb  @oko`lb  TZÏ@]C@O Eb. 3

NEPOSN TOZO MN]NZKCEOZ NA TNPB YBA^KÃ]ZC@B PN@B KÏ\CKB S @BE]NECMB MN OG^O ÐT]CKB MN ^E P^NAB. KÃ]BMB OOPL]B NP]ÏEMOZ S KBMCIC@OMB

Kãxc`b M.I., o < mn Ebvcnkjrn mn :4??

 

TZÏ@]C@O Eb. 3. NEPOSN TOZO MN]NZKCEOZ NA TNPB YBA^KÃ]ZC@B PN@B KÏ\CKB S @BE]NECMB MN OG^O ÐT]CKB MN ^E P^NAB. KÃ]BMB OOPL]B NP]ÏEMOZ S KBMCIC@OMB. EBZKO K-KKT-?-43/49

?. Bjhntcvb _un na oaukeb `bebz`o y mnsorrbaan na prb`nmckcnetb mn rutceo poro bjtnenr na pnsb vbaukãtrc`b sn`b kïxckb y luknmom ðptcko mn ue sunab, `be na kãtbmb OOPL]B nstïemor y OOPL]B kbmcic`omb. Mntnrkceor ao `urvo mn `bkpo`to`cðe `betnecmb mn oguo - pnsb vbaukãtrc`b, mn ao `uoa sn bjtcnene abs voabrns oetns kne`cbeombs, `be abs pnsbs sn`bs mn ue kotnrcoa `bkpo`tomb `be mcinrnetns `betnecmbs mn oguo, knmcoetn ao opac`o`cðe mn ueo kcsko nenrgëo mn `bkpo`to`cðe ne ueo prunjo mceïkc`o, y groic`oemb abs puetbs `brrnspbemcnetns o `omo mntnrkceo`cðe.

:. Cetrbmu``cðe Ao o``cðe mn `bkpo`tor ue sunab sn netcnemn `bkb ao opac`o`cðe mn nenrgëo o nstn poro prbmu`cr ueo mckceu`cðe oprn`cojan mna vbaukne mn vo`ëbs qun ab `bkpbene y pbr ab toetb mna vbaukne tbtoa mna kcskb. Ao iceoacmom mn ao `bkpo`to`cðe ns ouknetor ao rnscstne`co mn ue sunab, ns mn`cr, knhbror na tnrrneb sbjrn na `uoa mnjo `bestrucrsn ueo nmcic`o`cðe. Ao `bkpo`to`cðe mn abs sunabs sn prbmu`n pbr ao rnbrcneto`cðe mn aos portë`uaos b pbr ao mcstbrscðe mn aos portë`uaos y sus `opos ojsbrjcmos. Ne ue sunab eb `blnscvb ao `bkpo`to`cðe b`urrn koybrknetn pbr ao rnbrcneto`cðe mn abs groebs poro ibrkor ueo nstru`turo kïs mneso. Ao prnscðe nstïtc`o eb ns kuy nin`tcvo ne nstn prb`nsb pbrqun abs groebs sn o`uÿoe uebs `betro btrbs y rnscstne na kbvckcnetb. Pc abs groebs sn punmne acjnror kbknetïenoknetn, aos prnscbens, oue aos acgnros, sbe nin`tcvos poro ibrzorabs o ibrkor ueo mcstrcju`cðe kïs `bkpo`to. Na oguo qun iauyn tokjcãe rnmu`n na rbzokcnetb netrn aos portë`uaos y lo`n kïs iï`ca ao `bkpo`to`cðe, sce nkjorgb na oguo ne abs pbrbs tokjcãe ckpcmn qun aos portë`uaos tbkne ueo mcstrcju`cðe kïs `bkpo`to. Tbr nsto rozðe ao `brrcnetn mn oguo sðab sn uso poro oyumor o ao `bkpo`to`cðe, `uoemb na sunab ns mn groebs toe grunsbs qun na oguo ojoembeo abs pbrbs b lun`bs rïpcmoknetn Ne abs sunabs `blnscvbs ao `bkpo`to`cðe sn prbmu`n pbr ao rnbrcneto`cðe y pbr ao mcstbrscðe mn abs groebs y sus `opos ojsbrjcmos. Nstb sn abgro pbr ueo iunrzo qun sno ab suic`cnetnknetn groemn poro vne`nr ao rnscstne`co mn `blnscðe pbr aos iunrzos netrn aos portë`uaos. Toro abgror ueo `bkpo`to`cðe nic`cnetn ne abs sunabs eb `blnscvbs sn rnqucnrn ueo iunrzo kbmnromo opac`omo ne ueo okpaco ïrno, b `lbqun y vcjro`cðe. Ao `bkpo`to`cðe nic`cnetn ne abs sunabs `blnscvbs rnqucnrn prnscbens kïs oatos poro abs sunabs sn`bs qun poro abs løknmbs, pnrb na tokoÿb mna ïrno `orgomo eb ns `rëtc`b. Ao nic`cne`co sn knhbro ouknetoemb ao prnscðe muroetn ao `bkpo`to`cðe o knmcmo qun na pnsb nspn`ëic`b y ao rnscstne`co ouknetoe.

 

Ne abs scgucnetns `opëtuabs sn prnsnetoe na nqucpb y kotnrcoans utcaczombs, aos cemc`o`cbens poro ao  prnporo`cðe mn ao kunstro, na prb`nmckcnetb, aos iðrkuaos y ibrkos mn `ïa`uab y abs rnsuatombs mna nesoyn mn `bkpo`to`cðe poro mntnrkceor na pnsb vbaukãtrc`b sn`b kïxckb y `betnecmb mn oguo ðptckb, nin`tuomb o ueo kunstro mn sunab snan``cbeomo mna aojbrotbrcb mn gnbtn`eco.

0. Mnsorrbaab 0.?. Nqucpb y kotnrcoans en`nsorcbs 0.?.?. Kbamns  ‐   Kntïac`bs mn ibrko `caëemrc`o, mn ?4?.9 ¿ 4.= y ?>:.= ¿ 4.7 kk mn mcïkntrb cetnrcbr, mnpnemcnemb mn ao vorcoetn mn ao prunjo qun sn rnoac`n, mn vbaøknens Y   y pnsbs W t t   `beb`cmbs, prbvcstbs mn ueo pao`o mn josn kntïac`o o ao `uoa sn osnguro na `cacemrb y ueo nxtnescðe b `baaorëe rnkbvcjan `be mcïkntrb cetnrcbr cguoa oa mna `cacemrb, `be ao ibrko y mcknescbens cemc`omos ne ao icguro 0.?. 0.?.:. Tcsbens  ‐   Kntïac`bs `be `oro ceinrcbr mn opcsbeomb `cr`uaor, mn >4.< kk mn mcïkntrb, o`bpaombs o ueo guëo kntïac`o tujuaor, `bkb na kbstromb ne ao icguro 0.? y `be aos `oro`tnrëstc`os cemc`omos ne ao tojao 0.?, mn o`unrmb `be na tcpb mn prunjo qun sn trotn. ]ojao 0.?. @oro`tnrëstc`os mn abs pcsbens

]cpb mn prunjo

Nstïemor

Kbmcic`omo

Koso mna pcsðe, fg Mcïkntrb mna pcsðe, kk Oaturo mn `oëmo mna pcsðe, `k

:.> ¿ 4.4? >4.< 04.> ¿ 4.?

=.>= ¿ 4.4? >4.< =>.7 ¿ 4.?

0.?.0. Zngao ‐  Zngao ‐  kntïac`o,  kntïac`o, mn orcsto `brtoetn, mn oprbxckomoknetn :> `k mn aorgb. 0.?.=. Joaoezos ‐  Joaoezos  ‐   ^eo ^eo `be `opo`cmom këecko mn ?> fg y oprbxcko`cðe mn > g6 btro `be `opo`cmom këecko mn : fg y oprbxcko`cðe mn 4.? g. 0.?.>. Lbreb ‐  Lbreb  ‐  naã`trc`b  naã`trc`b b mn gos, `be `opo`cmom suic`cnetn poro `betnenr na kotnrcoa mn prunjo, `be tnrkbstotb `opoz mn koetnenr ueo tnkpnroturo uecibrkn ?4>¿>¸@. 0.?.9. Josn `øjc`o ‐  `øjc`o  ‐  mn  mn `be`rntb b mn btrb kotnrcoa mn rcgcmnz sckcaor, `be mcknescbens këeckos mn =4 `k pbr aomb. 0.?.7. Trbjntos ‐  Trbjntos  ‐  ^eo  ^eo `be `opo`cmom mn >44 `k 0 y gromuo`cbens `omo ?4 `k06 btro `be `opo`cmom mn ?444 `k0 y gromuo`cbens `omo ?4 `k0. 0.?. kk rnspn`tcvoknetn, qun `ukpaoe `be aos ebrkotcvos `brrnspbemcnetns. 0.?.3. @ïpsuaos ‐  @ïpsuaos ‐  kntïac`os,  kntïac`os, `be topo. 0.?.?4. @lorbaos ‐  @lorbaos ‐  Mn  Mn aïkceo goavoeczomo, mn ibrko rn`toeguaor mn =4 x 74 x ?4 `k.

 

  Icguro 0.?. Kbamns `caëemrc`bs y pcsbens poro aos prunjos mn `bkpo`to`cðe OOPL]B

 

0.?.??. @u`lorðe ‐  @u`lorðe  ‐  mn  mn :4 `k mn aorgb, ?? `k mn oe`lb y ?4 `k mn oaturo, ibrkoe ue poroananpëpnmb rn`toeguaor `be sðab `uotrb `oros, `uyo `oro knebr aanvo o`bpaomb ue koegb kntïac`b mn sn``cðe `cr`uaor mn ?0 `k mn aorgb. 0.?.?:. O`nctn ‐  O`nctn ‐  poro  poro aujrc`or aos pornmns mn abs kbamns. 0.:. Yorcoetns mn aos prunjos @omo prunjo, sngøe su tcpb, sn rnoaczorï `bkpo`toemb na kotnrcoa `be na pcsðe y ne na eøknrb mn `opos qun sn cemc`oe ne ao tojao 0.:, `be ueo mn aos `uotrb vorcoetns qun sn rnicnrne o `betceuo`cðe y `uyos `oro`tnrëstc`os sn kunstroe ne ao tojao 0.0. ]ojao 0.:. Tcsbens y eøknrb mn `opos poro aos prunjos OOPL]B

]cpb mn prunjo

Nstïemor

Kbmcic`omo

Koso mna pcsðe, fg  Eøknrb mna `opos mna kotnrcoa

:.> ¿ 4.4? 0

=.>= ¿ 4.4? >

0.:.?. Yorcoetn O, qun sn opac`o o kotnrcoans qun posoe ao koaao E¸= (=.7> kk) y sn `bkpo`toe ne na kbamn mn ?4?.9 kk mn mcïkntrb cetnrcbr. 0.:.:. Yorcoetn J, qun sn opac`o o kotnrcoans qun posoe ao koaao E¸= (=.7> kk) y sn `bkpo`toe ne na kbamn mn ?>:.= kk mn mcïkntrb cetnrcbr. 0.:.0. Yorcoetn J, qun sn opac`o o kotnrcoans qun posoe ao koaao µ‛ (?3 kk) y sn `bkpo`toe ne na kbamn mn ?4?.9 kk mn mcïkntrb cetnrcbr. 0.:.=. Yorcoetn J, qun sn opac`o o kotnrcoans qun posoe ao koaao µ‛ (?3 kk) y sn `bkpo`toe ne na kbamn mn ?>:.= kk mn mcïkntrb cetnrcbr. ]ojao 0.0. @oro`tnrëstc`os mn aos vorcoetns mn aos prunjos mn `bkpo`to`cðe Yorcoetns ]okoÿb kïxckb mna kotnrcoa, kk ]okoÿb mn ao kunstro mn prunjo, fg Mcïkntrb cet. mna kbamn, kk  Eøknrb mn gbapns pbr `opo

O

J =.7> (E¸ =)

=.4 ?4?.9 ¿ 4.= :>

7.> ?>:.= ¿ 4.7 >9

@

M ?3.4 (µ‛)  (µ‛) 

=.4 ?4?.9 ¿ 4.= :>

7.> ?>:.= ¿ 4.7 >9

0.0. Trnporo`cðe mn ao kunstro 0.0.?. Pn snporo pbr `uortnbs ueo kunstro rnprnsnetotcvo sn`o mn ue sunab, mn oprbxckomoknetn = fg  poro aos vorcoetns O y @, y mn oprbxckomoknetn oprbxckomoknetn 7.> fg, poro aos vorcoet vorcoetns ns J y M. 0.0.:. Ne na `osb mn aos vorcoetns O y J, na kotnrcoa sn `rcjo o trovãs mn ao koaao E¸ = (=.7> kk), kcnetros qun aos vorcoetns @ y M na kotnrcoa sn `rcjo o trovãs mn ao koaao mn µ‛ (?3.4 kk), ne okjbs `osbs sn nin`tøo na `rcjomb mn ibrko koeuoa, `bab`oemb ao iro``cðe qun poso ne ue `lorbao y mnsn`loemb na rnstb.

 

0.0.0. Pn lbkbgnenczo pnrin`toknetn pnrin`toknetn na kotnrcoa qun `bestctuyn aaoo pbr`cðe mn prunjo. 0.=. Trb`nmckcnetb mn nesoyn 0.=.?. O ao pbr`cðe prnporomo sn an ogrngo ueo `oetcmom mn oguo en`nsorco poro qun, ueo vnz lbkbgnenczomo, tnego ue `betnecmb `betnecmb mn oguo ceinrcbr ne = o 9% rnspn`tb oa ðptckb ðptckb nstckomb. 0.=.:. Ne `osb mn qun loyoe ibrkomb grukbs muroetn ao ce`brpbro`cðe mna oguo, sn rnvunavn na kotnrcoa losto mcsgrngorab tbtoaknetn. Pn knz`ao `ucmombsoknetn ao pbr`cðe poro lbkbgnenczorao y sn mcvcmn ne trns iro``cbens oprbxckomoknetn cguoans, ne na `osb mn ao prunjo nstïemor, y ne `ce`b iro``cbens, ne na `osb mn ao prunjo kbmcic`omo. 0.=.0. Pn `bab`o ueo mn aos iro``cbens mn kotnrcoa ne na kbamn mn prunjo snan``cbeomb mn o`unrmb `be ao vorcoetn qun `brrnspbemo, `be su rnspn`tcvo nxtnescðe, na `uoa sn opbyo sbjrn na jabqun mn `be`rntb poro `bkpo`tor na kotnrcoa `be na pcsðe `brrnspbemcnetn, opac`oemb :> gbapns poro na `osb mn aos vorcoetns O y @ b >9 gbapns poro aos vorcoetns J y M, rnportcnemb uecibrknknetn abs gbapns ne ao supnric`cn mn ao `opo. Pn utcaczorï na pcsðe y oaturo mn `oëmo qun `brrnspbemo, yo sn prunjo nstïemor b kbmcic`omo. @bkpo`tomo ao `opo, sn ns`orcic`o ao supnric`cn y sn rnpctn na prb`nmckcnetb mns`rctb poro aos `opos sujsn`unetns. 0.=.=. ]nrkceomo ao `bkpo`to`cðe mn tbmos aos `opos, sn rntcro ao nxtnescðe mna kbamn y sn vnrcic`o qun na kotnrcoa eb sbjrnsoago mna `cacemrb ne ue nspnsbr prbknmcb mn ?.> `k `bkb kïxckb6 mn ab `betrorcb ao prunjo sn rnpntcrï utcaczoemb, mn prninrne`co, ueo eunvo pbr`cðe mn prunjo `be koso acgnroknetn knebr qun ao cec`coa. Ne na `osb mn qun eb sn nx`nmo mc`lb nspnsbr, sn neroso `ucmombsoknetn na nspã`ckne `be ao rngao kntïac`o. 0.=.>. O `betceuo`cðe, sn mntnrkceo na pnsb mna `cacemrb `c acemrb `be na kotnrcoa mn prunjo y sn rngcstro `bkb W  ,c ne g, oebtïembao ne ueo lbho mn rngcstrb. 0.=.9. Pn rntcro na nspã`ckne mna `cacemrb, sn `brto abegctumceoaknetn y mn su portn `netroa sn bjtcnene mbs pbr`cbens rnprnsnetotcvos poro mntnrkceor su `betnecmb mn oguo σ  `beibrkn o ao ebrko qun `brrnspbemo. Pn oebtoe abs motbs ne ao lbho mn rngcstrb. 0.=.7. Pn ce`brpbroe aos iro``cbens mna nspã`ckne oa kotnrcoa qun sbjrð oa nerosorab, ne su `osb, sn mcsgrngoe abs grukbs, sn ogrngo oprbxckomoknetn :% mn oguo `be rnspn`tb o ao koso cec`coa mn ao  pbr`cðe mn prunjo y sn rnpctne rnpctne abs posbs mns`rctbs mns`rctbs mnsmn 0.=.: o 0.=.9. 0.=..?, sn oebto na pnsb vbaukãtrc`b mna kotnrcoa løknmb mn `omo nspã`ckne6 poro `oa`uaorao sn utcaczo ao scgucnetn nxprnscðe8

         mbemn8

,  ,  ,

pnsb vbaukãtrc`b mna kotnrcoa løknmb, fg/k0 

Y ,

vbaukne cetnrcbr mna `cacemrb, `k0 

koso mna `cacemrb løknmb `bkpo`tomb, g koso mna `cacemrb, g

=.:. Pn `oa`uao y rngcstro ao koso vbaukãtrc`o sn`o mn `omo nspã`ckne, nkpanoemb ao scgucnetn nxprnscðe8

         mbemn8

 , , ,

pnsb vbaukãtrc`b sn`b mna nspã`ckne, fg/k0  pnsb vbaukãtrc`b mna kotnrcoa løknmb, fg/k0  `betnecmb mn oguo mna nspã`ckne, %

=.0. Ne ueo grïic`o `bkb ao qun sn kunstro ne ao icguro >.?, ne ao qun na nhn mn aos brmneomos `brrnspbemn o abs pnsbs vbaukãtrc`bs sn`bs  y na nhn mn aos ojs`csos cemc`o abs `betnecmbs mn oguo σ, sn mcjuhoe abs puetbs `brrnspbemcnetns o `omo  nspã`ckne, abs qun sn uene `be ueo aëeno `betceuo mn ibrko oprbxckomoknetn porojðac`o mnebkceomo `urvo mn `bkpo`to`cðe, `bkpo`to`cðe, ao qun mntnrkceo ao vorco`cðe na pnsb vbaukãtrc`b sn`b mna kotnrcoa poro mcinrnetns `betnecmbs mn oguo y ueo kcsko nenrgëo mn `bkpo`to`cðe.





=.=. Pn mntnrkceoe y rnpbrtoe na pnsb vbaukãtrc`b sn`b kïxckb,  , ne fg/k0 y su `betnecmb mn oguo ðptckb,  , ne %, qun sn bjtcnene mn ibrko grïic`o mn ao `urvo mn `bkpo`to`cðe8 Ao brmneomo ne na puetb kïs oatb mn mc`lo `urvo rnprnsneto na pnsb vbaukãtrc`b sn`b kïxckb y ao ojs`cso mn ns  puetb, na `betnecmb mn mn oguo ðptckb.



=.>. Ne `osb mn snr en`nsorcb, sn mntnrkceo ao `urvo mn soturo`cðe tnðrc`o mna tnðrc`o mna kotnrcoa, poro ab qun sn `oa`uaoe abs `betnecmbs mn oguo poro abs pnsbs vbaukãtrc`bs sn`bs `be abs qun na kotnrcoa `bkpo`tomb qunmorëo soturomb,  . Nstn `ïa`uab sn rnoaczo poro `uotrb pnsbs vbaukãtrc`bs sn`bs mcinrnetns, utcaczoemb ao scgucnetn nxprnscðe8



 

  (  )     Mbemn8

 ,

`betnecmb mn mn oguo poro na `uoa na kotnrcoa, ne aos `bemc`cbens `bemc`cbens mn `bkpo`to`cðe, nstorëo nstorëo soturomb, %

 , , ,

pnsb vbaukãtrc`b sn`b mna kotnrcoa `bkpo`tomb, fg/k0 mnescmom rnaotcvo mn sðacmbs mna kotnrcoa pnsb vbaukãtrc`b mna oguo mnstcaomo o =¸@, `bescmnromo `bkb ?444 fg/k0 

=.9. Ne ao kcsko grïic`o qun `betcnen ao `urvo mn `bkpo`to`cðe, sn mcjuhoe y uene `be ueo aëeno `betceuo, abs puetbs `brrnspbemcnetns o abs pnsbs vbaukãtrc`bs sn`bs mna kotnrcoa y abs `betnecmbs mn oguo poro abs `uoans nstorëo tnðrc`oknetn soturomb, `oa`uaombs `bkb sn cemc`o ne =.>, bjtnecãembsn ao `urvo mn soturo`cðe tnðrc`o6 sn vnrcic`o qun ao `urvo mn `bkpo`to`cðe eb `brtn ao `urvo mn soturo`cðe tnðrc`o.

>. Znpbrtn Na rnpbrtn mn abs rnsuatombs mna nesoyn OOPL]B nstïemor sn kunstro ne ao icguro >.?, kcnetros qun na rnpbrtn mna nesoyn OOPL]B kbmcic`omb sn kunstro ne ao icguro >.:.

9. Nesoyns oatnreotcvbs8 @bkpo`to`cðe pbr okosomb y pbr vcjro`cðe 9.?. @bkpo`to`cðe pbr okosomb Ne nstn nesoyn sn jus`o rnprbmu`cr ne na aojbrotbrcb na nin`tb tëpc`b qun tcnen augor ne ku`lbs rbmcaabs mn `okpb (poto mn `ojro y enukïtc`bs, ne knebr ns`oao), `be na ice mn oa`oezor ne na nspã`ckne ao kcsko nstru`turo`cðe cetnreo qun omqucnrn na sunab ne na `okpb. ^eo mn aos prunjos mn okosomb sn mnebkceo ‑kcecoturo‛, mnsorrbaaomo pbr P. M. Wcasbe, ne ao qun nstn sn abgro oa `bestctuyn prnscbeor ue ïrno mn nspn`cic`omo ao supnric`cn mn mcvnrsos `oposnin`tb `be aos qun sn ao ãkjbab kunstro mn mnetrb ue kbamn,`betro na `uoa tcnen aos mcknescbens en`nsorcos poro ibrkor ueo nspã`ckne oprbpcomb poro ao rnoaczo`cðe mn aos prunjos trcoxcoans `bevne`cbeoans6 ne `uoaqucnr opac`o`cðe sn troeskctn oa ãkjbab ueo prnscðe `bestoetn, ab qun sn `bescgun `uoemb sn an omopto ue rnsbrtn `oacjromb, qun pnrkctn sojnr na kbknetb qun sn opac`o toa  prnscðe. Nsto prunjo sðab punmn rnoaczorsn ne sunabs `be tokoÿb kïxckb mn : kk, ab qun eb ns ue ce`bevnecnetn, puns su `okpb mn opac`ojcacmom sn `netro ne sunabs or`caabsbs. Lvnnk mnsorrbaað ue `bkpo`tombr kn`ïec`b mn aojbrotbrcb qun, sce na bpnrombr, ibrko nspn`ëknens  pbr knmcb mn ue vnrmomnrb prb`nsb mn okosomb, cemnpnemcnetnknetn cemnpnemcnetnknetn mn ao ceiaune`co mna bpnrombr, oue `uoemb eb loy suic`cnetns pujac`o`cbens sbjrn rnsuatombs y `be`auscbens, qun pnrkctoe mnicecr ao rnprnsnetotcvcmom mna `bkpo`tombr, aos `oro`tnrëstc`os mna nesoyn ce`aceoe o pnesor qun nstn kãtbmb ns na qun prbmu`n abs nspn`ëknens kïs rnprnsnetotcvbs mn abs sunabs o abs qun ne na `okpb mn ans opac`oe kãtbmbs mn `bkpo`to`cðe `be rbmcaab poto mn `ojro b rbmcaab enukïtc`b.

 

Icguro >.?. NEPOSN MN @BKTO@]O@CÐE MCEÏKC@O Bjro8 Ycoacmom mn o``nsb o ao uecmom mnpbrtcvo "Xo`otne`b"

In`lo8

8 ao kunstro8 ^ecmom "Ombaib Aðpnz Cestctu Tbactã`ec`b Tbactã`ec Ab`oaczo`cðe Mns`rcp`cðe mn OrneoKotnbs", or`caabso,Cestctutb `babrtb`oiã `aorb `b Eo`cbeoa ]cpb mn prunjo8  Eb. mn `opos8  Eb. mn gbapns pbr `opo8

OOPL]B NP]ÏEMOZ  0 Tnsb mna pcsðe pcsðe (g)8 :> Oaturo Oaturo mn `oëmo (`k)8 (`k)8

:>44 04

TZ^NJO EØKNZB Tnsb mna kbamn + sunab løknmb (g) Tnsb mna kbamn (g) Tnsb mna sunab løknmb (g) Tnsb vbaukãtrc`b løknmb (fg/k0) @ÏTP^AO EØKNZB

@oa`uað8 B`tovcb @ostrb @oko`lb

Kbamn Eb.8 ?47 Mcïkntrb Mcïkntrb (`k)8 ?4.43?

Oaturo Oaturo (`k)8 ??.>43 Ybaukn Ybauknee (`k )8 3:4.==4<

: 00=< ?7?7.> ?904.> ?.77?

? 0::0 ?7?7.> ?>4>.> ?.909

4

= 0=7< ?7?7.> ?794.> ?.3?0

0 0=7= ?7?7.> ?7>9.> ?.34<

> 0==> ?7?7.> ?7:7.> ?.:.? =7.3 =. : 0

?3= ?>.3? 03.> 09. < :. 7 :4.3

3 3.9 >?.0 =>.7 >. 9 09.?

?9 ?=.4.7 =>.> >.: 04.7

?94 3.79 >3.> >?.:

::9 ?9.4< 7:.7 90.: 3. > =7.?

74 ?>.:7 >0.9 =9.0 7. 0 0?.4

7= ?7. 9>.< >0.> ?:.0 ==. 4

?7< ?4.3? 94.> =3.= ??.? 0

@betnecmb mn oguo (%)

?4.39

?:.33

?>.>9

?9.33

:4.4>

:4.4<

:0.=7

:>.>?

:7.34

:

:4

:>

04

0>

?7=?

:>

?94?

04

?=

?034

@betnecmb mn oguo ðptckb (% ) ;

 (fg/k0)

:4

?:44 4

  ΰm

:?

 

Icguro >.:. NEPOSN MN @BKTO@]O@CÐE MCEÏKC@O Bjro8 Ycoacmom mn o``nsb o ao uecmom mnpbrtcvo "Xo`otne`b"

In`lo8

8 ao kunstro8 ^ecmom "Ombaib Aðpnz Cestctu Tbactã`ec`b Tbactã`ec Ab`oaczo`cðe Mns`rcp`cðe mn OrneoKotnbs", or`caabso,Cestctutb `babrtb`oiã `aorb `b Eo`cbeoa ]cpb mn prunjo8  Eb. mn `opos8  Eb. mn gbapns pbr `opo8

OOPL]B KBMCIC@OMO > Tnsb mna pcsðe pcsðe (g)8 :> Oaturo Oaturo mn `oëmo (`k)8 (`k)8

=>44 04

TZ^NJO EØKNZB Tnsb mna kbamn + sunab løknmb (g) Tnsb mna kbamn (g) Tnsb mna sunab løknmb (g) Tnsb vbaukãtrc`b løknmb (fg/k0)

@oa`uað8 B`tovcb @ostrb @oko`lb

Kbamn Eb.8 ?47 Mcïkntrb Mcïkntrb (`k)8 ?4.43?

? 0: ?>74.> ?.749

443 Ybaukn Ybauknee (`k )8 3:4.==4<

: 0033 ?7?7.> ?97 3. 9 07.0 00. > 0. < :0.3

:?4 ?=.39 =9.: =?.: >. 4 :9.0

?=3 3. =3 =:.< 07.9 >.: :.3 :7.7



?3= ?9.99 >0.0 =9.? 7. : :3.=

:= ?9.47 94.? >?.= .=

?7? 3. >= 0?.3 :7.: =.7 ?7. 7

?79 3. 9? =?.4 0=.0 9. 9 :=.7

@betnecmb mn oguo (%)

?>.33

?>.99

?=

:9.9?

:9..<

?

:9.7

Tnsb vbaukãtrc`b sn`b (fg/k0) Znao`cðe mn vo`ëbs

?=70 4.=4 4.70=

?94> 4.99=

?>>3 4.7?0

?=3: 4.7

?4

?>

:4

:>

04

0>

?7=?

:>

?94?

04

?=

?04 ??=> ??9> ?: ?>74 ?9>4 ?34 fg/k0  y ue `betnecmb mn oguo ðptckb mn :?%, kcnetros qun ne na nesoyn OOPL]B kbmcic`omb prnsnetð ue pnsb vbaukãtrc`b sn`b kïxckb mn ?94< fg/k 0 y `betnecmb mn oguo ðptckb mn ::.:%. Pn bjsnrvo qun, poro nstn `osb, na nesoyn kbmcic`omb rnsuato `be voabrns kïs oatbs qun na nesoyn nstïemor, ab qun supben ueo knhbr `bkpo`to`cðe mna sunab ne na nesoyn kbmcic`omb. Abs motbs qun sn bjtcnene mna nesoyn mn `bkpo`to`cðe, sbe øatcans poro ao `bestru``cðe omn`uomo mn rnaanebs y tnrropanens. Nxcstne mcvnrsos nspn`cic`o`cbens mn `bestru``cðe mn `orrntnros qun sn rcgne  pbr na voabr mna pnsb vbaukãtrc`b sn`b kïxckb. Ne ao `bestru``cðe mn rnaanebs y tnrropanens, scnkprn sn rn`bkcnemo eb nx`nmnrsn na `betnecmb mn oguo ðptckb mntnrkceomb ne nsto prunjo.

 

. Opac`o`cðe mn nenrgëo `be pcsðe ne na nesoyn OOPL]B kbmcic`omb.

7. Tnsomb mna kbamn kïs na sunab poro `beb`nr su pnsb vbaukãtrc`b.

9. Nerosomb mna nspã`ckne `bkpo`tomb mnetrb mna kbamn `cr`uaor.