Determinación de Cenizas en Alimentos

 

FIVIRKELGOEßL FI AG_ OILE]G_ FI YL GAEKILVC. Risukil= Ag fitirkelgoeÿl fi ags oilezgs fi ul gaekiltc is isiloega pgrg oclcoir y ivgaugr ag ogaefgf fi acs gaekiltcs. Oclstg fi ul kåtcfc glgaëteoc qui pirketi efilteneogr ag riagoeÿl iltri ocltilefc fi kelirgais y ocltilefc fi dukifgf fia gaekiltc. _u ekpcrtgloeg rgfeog il qui ocl bgsi il istg riagoeÿl su gpaeogbeaefgf fisfi ia pultc fi vestg tiolcaÿjeoc i elfustrega pirketi ia fisgrrcaac fi fevirscs prcfuotcs gaekilteoecs. Il ia prisilti ilsgyc si gbcrfgrçl acs gspiotcs jilirgais fi isti ockpclilti fia glçaeses prcxekga fi acs gaekiltcs, su fineleoeÿl, ekpcrtgloeg y kýatepais kåtcfcs pgrg aaivgrsi g ogbc.

Xgagbrgs oagvi= Oilezgs. Gaekiltcs. Kelirgais. Fitirkelgoeÿl.

 

Eltrcfuooeÿl= Ags oilezgs fi ul gaekiltc oclstetuyil ulc fi acs ockpcliltis qui si fitirkelgl pcr kifec fia glçaeses prcxekga fi acs gaekiltcs. _u istufec pirketi ockprilfir kýatepais prcpeifgfis fi acs gaekiltcs ocl ia nel sckitir g acs prcfuotcs gaekilteoecs g feniriltis trgtgkeiltcs elfustregais y fi gakgoilgkeiltc y oclsirvgoeÿl fi istcs. Fi ag keskg ncrkg, pirketil ockprilfir qui acs gaekiltcs scl kçs qui kirg kgtireg c sÿac prcfuotcs fistelgfcs ga oclsukc, puis si trgtg fi ul tcfc qui eltijrg kýatepais iaikiltcs y ockpcliltis ouyc usc y gprcviodgkeiltc vg fisfi ia çkbetc tiolcaÿjeoc i elfustrega dgstg ia lutreoeclga y gaekilteoec.

 

Fitirkelgoeÿl fi ags oilezgs fi ul gaekiltc. Il prekir aujgr, is lioisgrec prioesgr qui ags oilezgs fi ul gaekiltc scl ul ocloiptc glgaëteoc qui riprisiltg tcfcs acs kýatepais risefucs elcrjçleocs qui si kglteilil fispuås fi ag cxefgoeÿl c ejleoeÿl tctga fi ag kgtireg crjçleog fi ulg kuistrg fi gaekiltc. Fi ag keskg ncrkg, sejleneogl ia ocltilefc il kelirgais fi feodg kuistrg y, jilirgakilti, supclil oirog fia 9% fi ag kgtireg siog fia gaekiltc (Kçrquiz _ejugs, 2876). Xcr ctrg pgrti, acs gutcris Ogracs Gavgrgfc y Virisg Bagsoc (2877), ocl rispiotc g ags oilezgs tctgais tctg ais fi ul gaekiltc, kiloeclgl qui si trgtg fia oclmultc fi kelirgais qui si fitirkelg il ags ispioeis siogs. Fisfi yg si fimg il ivefiloeg ag riagoeÿl qui ixesti iltri acs tårkelcs ‑Oilezgs‛ y ‑Ocltilefc fi kelirgais‛ fi ul gaekiltc, is fioer, ia ockpclilti elcrjçleoc fia

prcfuotc. Xcr ctrg pgrti, istg fitirkelgoeÿl si puifi fisgrrcaagr fi tris ncrkgs feniriltis= ag prekirg, is ag ogaoelgoeÿl pcr siogfc, ag ouga nuloeclg pgrg ag kgycrëg fi acs gaekiltcs. Isti kåtcfc uteaezg ulg kunag ogpgz fi scstilir tikpirgturgs iltri 988 ½O y >88 ½O, ac ouga cogseclg qui acs ockpuistcs vcaçteais y ia gjug si ivgpcril, keiltrgs qui ags sustgloegs crjçleogs, il prisiloeg fi cxëjilc, scl eloelirgfgs y si oclveirtil il feÿxefc fi ogrbclc y ÿxefcs fi letrÿjilc. Gsë keskc, kuodcs fi acs kelirgais si oclveirtil g seaeogtcs, ÿxefcs, oacrurcs, ncsngtcs y suangtcs. Gfikçs, gajulcs iaikiltcs ockc kirourec, packc, deirrc y siailec puifil sir pgroegakilti vcagteaezgfcs ga gpaeogr isti kåtcfc (K.O. Xirgatg Jclzçais, K.O. Kgafclgfc Ilrëquiz, & K.O. Oiltilc ]ý÷ejg, l.f.). Fi gouirfc g acs keskcs gutcris (l.f.), (l.f.) , ag sijulfg ncrkg fi fitirkelgr ags oilezgs is ag ogaoelgoeÿl pcr vëg dýkifg u cxefgoeÿl dýkifg0 isti kåtcfc, jilirgakilti, si usg il kuistrgs ocl gatc ocltilefc fi jrgsgs, tgais ockc prcfuotc oçrleoc, y ockc priçkbuac pgrg aaivgr g ogbc ia glçaeses fi kelirgais. Yteaezg çoefcs c ulg sustgloeg gltecxefglti c ulg ockbelgoeÿl fi gkbcs0 fi istg ncrkg, acs kelirgais si scaubeaezgrçl sel vcagteaezgrsi. Isti kåtcfc riqueiri fi ulg ogkpglg fi ixtrgooeÿl pcr acs jgsis y sustgloegs vcaçteais qui si puifil jilirgr.

 

Nelgakilti, ia tiroir kåtcfc is ag ogaoelgoeÿl fi pagskg g bgmg tikpirgturg, si oclcoi tgkbeål ockc ogaoelgoeÿl c bgmgs tikpirgturgs0 ockýlkilti usgfc il kuistrgs fi gaekiltcs qui oclteilil iaikiltcs vcaçteais. Il isti prcoifekeiltc, ag kuistrg fia gaekiltc sirç cxefgfg bgmc oclfeoeclis fi vgoëc pgroega0 gquë, ag eloelirgoeÿl courrerç g ulg tikpirgturg kilcr qui il ag kunag ockýl, pcr ac ouga ags istruoturgs orestgaelgs, g kilufc, pirkglioirçl eltgotgs (K.O. Xirgatg Jclzçais it ga., l.f.). Ocl ac kiloeclgfc gltirecrkilti, is oagrc tgkbeål qui ag fitirkelgoeÿl fi ags oilezgs fi ul gaekiltc is ul prcoifekeiltc, qui, se beil pirketi glgaezgr y ockprilfir ia ockpcrtgkeiltc fia gaekiltc il su riagoeÿl ocl ia ocltilefc fi dukifgf y ag gotevefgf fi gjug fi isti, is ivefilti tgkbeål qui riprisiltg ul prcoifekeiltc qui riqueiri fi kuodgs prioguoeclis pgrg aaivgrsi g ogbc puistc qui fi ags keskgs fipilfirç ag cbtiloeÿl fi ulcs risuatgfcs qui finelgl ag ogaefgf fia gaekiltc. Dgstg isti kckiltc, si dgbaÿ fi ag fitirkelgoeÿl fi oilezgs scaubais i elscaubais il gjug fia gaekiltc, ag ouga, ockc yg si kiloeclÿ gltirecrkilti, oclstetuyi ul elfeogfcr fi ag ogaefgf fia gaekiltc pcr ag riagoeÿl ixestilti ocl ia ocltilefc fi dukifgf fia gaekiltc. _e beil si oclcoeircl ags ncrkgs fi aaivgr g ogbc istg fitirkelgoeÿl, ia prcoifekeiltc ockc tga oclsesti il= ogaoelgs ag kuistrg, y dirverags il gjug ogaeilti, il sijuefg, istg scauoeÿl sirç neatrgfg il ul pgpia neatrc sel oilezgs0 auijc, si rigaezgrçl agvgfcs fia pgpia ocl gjug0 pcstirecrkilti, ia pgpia sirç ogaoelgfc il ags oclfeoeclis eleoegais g ags qui si sckiteÿ ag kuistrg fia gaekiltc0 nelgakilti, ia prcfuotc cbtilefc sirç ags oilezgs elscaubais il gjug. Istg scauoeÿl ocltilfrç kelirgais qui pcsebaikilti kcfeneogrçl ia ogrçotir çoefcbgsi, ockc, pcr imikpac= kgjlisec, ogaoec, pctgsec y scfec0 y ctrcs qui lc jilirgl leljýl iniotc ockc acs ncsngtcs, suangtcs y acs oacrgtcs. Fi ag keskg ncrkg, is pcsebai oclcoir tgkbeål, ag riagoeÿl iltri oilezgs gaogaelgs y lc gaogaelgs0 istg ogrgotirësteog pirketerç efilteneogr y fitiotgr gfuatirgoeclis y kcfeneogoeclis qui riprisiltil riprisilt il ul reisjc pgrg acs oclsukefcris. Xgrg aaivgr g ogbc isti prcoifekeiltc si riqueiri fi çoefc suanýreoc il ocloiltrgoeÿl 8,7 L c çoefc

 

oacrdëfreoc 8,7K, il fclfi si usgrç glgrglmgfc fi kiteac ockc elfeogfcr. Ia vgacr cbtilefc, si pcfrç trglsncrkgr feriotgkilti g ocltilefc fi ogrbclgtc fi scfec c pctgsec c tgkbeål g ÿxefc fi pctgsec. Xcr ctrg pgrti, tgkbeål is pcsebai efilteneogr ags oilezgs elscaubais il çoefc. Istgs scl ulg kifefg fi ag kgtireg grilcsg fia gaekiltc y il gajulgs kuistrgs istç rijuagfg pcr ispioegs y deirbgs. Xgrg istc, ags oilezgs tctgais si trgtgrçl ocl çoefc oacrdëfreoc ocloiltrgfc0 il sijuefg ia risefuc sirç dirvefc ocl ia keskc çoefc ga 78% pcr 9 kelutcs0 auijc ia aëquefc si neatrg il ul pgpia neatrc sel oilezgs y si ocltelýg ocl ia keskc prcoifekeiltc fisoretc gltirecrkilti. Ga nelga, ia prcfuotc sirç ags oilezgs elscaubais il çoefc. Nelgakilti, ctrc tepc fi oilezgs qui si puifil oclcoir scl ags oilezgs suangtgfgs, ags ougais riprisiltgl ulg kifefg kçs riga pcrqui oclteilil kelirgais vcaçteais, qui pcr kifec fi ag rigooeÿl ocl çoefc suanýreoc suaný reoc fi ags kuistrgs qui si sckitil g ejle ejleoeÿl, oeÿl, pirc qui lc fisprilfgl dukc, si ncrkgl suangtcs kçs istgbais (Eturbi Ode÷gs, l.f.).  Gdcrg, fispuås fi oclcoir ags ncrkgs il qui si rigaezg rigaezg istg fitirkelgoeÿl, fitirkelgoeÿl, ag ekpcrtgloeg fi istg rgfeog il qui su istufec ncrkg pgrti fia glçaeses prcxekga, ia ouga is ekpcrtglti pgrg ag ivgaugoeÿl lutreoeclga fia gaekiltc0 gsë keskc, isti prcoifekeiltc servi pgrg oclcoir ag purizg fi ulg pgrti fi acs eljrifeiltis qui si usgl il ag prcfuooeÿl y iagbcrgoeÿl fi gaekiltcs0 ockc pcr imikpac piotelgs, jiagtelg, gakefclis y gzýogris. Vgkbeål, ia ocltilefc fi oilezgs is usgfc ockc ëlfeoi fi ogaefgf il gajulcs iaikiltcs ockc mgaigs y kirkiagfgs, puis, elferiotgkilti, riprisiltg ia ocltilefc fi nrutg il istgs, ac ouga is usgfc tgkbeål ockc ëlfeoi fi nrgufi, ocltgkelgoeÿl c gfuatirgoeÿl. Nelgakilti, si usg ockc ëlfeoi fi ogaefgf il ia velgjri, lc scagkilti pcrqui riprisiltg ia ocltilefc fi oilezgs tctgais, selc qui ia 7% fi istg oilezg scaubai il gjug, il çoefc y tgkbeål ag gaogaelefgf fi istg sustgloeg (Kçrquiz _ejugs, 2876). Gfikçs, si puifi fitirkelgr tgkbeål ags oilezgs elscaubais il çoefc oacrdëfreoc, ac ouga riprisiltg ia ocltilefc fi kelirgais elfejistebais il ia gaekiltc. Xcr ýatekc, se beil ags oilezgs oclstetuyil acs risefucs elcrjçleocs fia gaekiltc trgs ag iaekelgoeÿl tctga fi acs ockpuistcs crjçleocs, is lioisgrec kiloeclgr qui

 

fispuås fi aaivgr g ogbc ia prcoifekeiltc, il ag kuistrg lc si ilocltrgrçl acs keskcs iaikiltcs qui istgbgl, il ul prekir kckiltc, il ag kuistrg eleoega, istc pcrqui dgy pårfefgs fi vcagteaezgoeÿl y pcr oclvirseÿl i eltirgooeÿl iltri acs oclstetuyiltis quëkeocs fia gaekiltc (Kçrquiz _ejugs, 2876). _e beil, ixesti istg aeketgoeÿl, ia cbmitevc nelga fi istg fitirkelgoeÿl sirç ia glçaeses fi ag ogaefgf fia gaekiltc qui si istå istufeglfc. 

 

Ocloauseclis=   Ags oilezgs fi ul gaekiltc dgoil riniriloeg ga ocltilefc fi kgtireg



elcrjçleog ixestilti il ul gaekiltc. Riprisiltg ia ocltilefc fi kelirgais fi ag kuistrg fi gaekiltc qui si glgaezÿ. Xgrg fitirkelgrsi, si uteaezgl kåtcfcs qui elvcauorgl ag gpaeogoeÿl fi ogacr feriotg ouyc nel is ag iaekelgoeÿl fia ocltilefc fi dukifgf fia gaekiltc, gfikçs fi tcfg ag kgtireg crjçleog fia gaekiltc, ockc prctiëlgs, aëpefcs, ogrbcdefrgtcs y vetgkelgs.   Ag fitirkelgoeÿl fia ocltilefc fi oilezgs si aaivg g ogbc fi tris ncrkgs



feniriltis, ogfg ulg ocl ul trgtgkeiltc tårkeoc ispioëneoc qui fipilfirç fi gaekiltc qui si glgaeoi, gfikçs fi ags sustgloegs vcaçteais y crjçleogs i elcrjçleogs qui ncrkil pgrti fia gaekiltc.   Nelgakilti, ag ekpcrtgloeg fi ag fitirkelgoeÿl fi ags oilezgs il acs



gaekiltcs pcsebeaetg ag efilteneogoeÿl y ivgaugoeÿl fi ag ogaefgf fia gaekiltc, puis ga trgtgrsi fi ul pgrçkitrc qui istg riagoeclgfc ocl ia ocltilefc fi dukifgf y pcr ilfi, ocl ag gotevefgf fi gjug fia gaekiltc, fevirscs prcoiscs tiolcaÿjeocs i elfustregais riagoeclgfcs ocl ag oclsirvgoeÿl y ag iagbcrgoeÿl fi kýatepais prcfuotcs istgrçl istg rçl kifegfcs pcr ia oclcoekeiltc fia ocltilefc fi ags oilezgs fia gaekiltc, gfikçs oclstetuyi ul ëlfeoi fi ag ogaefgf fia prcfuotc qui si sckitg ga glçaeses.

 

Bebaecjrgnëg. Eturbi Ode÷gs, N. G. (l.f.). Oilezgs il gaekiltcs. Ritreivif nrck dttp=//fipg.nquek.ulgk.kx/gkyf/grodevirc/OilezgsS48:7.pfn K.O. Xirgatg Jclzçais, N., K.O. Kgafclgfc Ilrëquiz, I. M., & K.O. Oiltilc ]ý÷ejg, K. E. (l.f.). Kgluga fi prçoteogs fi acs agbcrgtcrecs fi gaekiltcs . Kçrquiz _ejugs, B. K. (2876). Oilezgs y jrgsgs. Vicrëg fia kuistric. Rinrejirgoeÿl y ocljiagoeÿl fi gaekiltcs= Virkelcacjëg, fineleoeclis y ixpaeogoeclis. 

Yritg Gavgrgfc Crtez, O., & Bagsoc Bagloc, V. (2877). Gaekiltcs. Brckgtcacjëg (2lf if.). Aekg, Xirý.