Destrozando el use of English proficiency...
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Destrozando el UOE – UOE – Proficiency Proficiency Version
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Phrasal verbs
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Open cloze
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Expresiones
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Palabras frecuentes
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Key word transformation
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Word formation
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Agradecimiento y consejo final
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Aviso legal
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1.
Destrozando el UOE – UOE – Proficiency Proficiency Version
Pág. 3
2.
Phrasal verbs
Pág. 4
3.
Open cloze
Pág. 9
3.1
Expresiones
Pág. 9
3.2
Palabras frecuentes
Pág. 25
4.
Key word transformation
Pág. 27
5.
Word formation
Pág. 37
6.
Agradecimiento y consejo final
Pág. 54
7.
Aviso legal
Pág. 55
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Destrozando el Use of English – – Proficiency Version es la continuación de su
predecesor, enfocado a aprobar los niveles B2 y C1. Desde la creación del Blog Aprueba el CAE, siempre os he transmitido la importancia de preparar el Use of English ya que es la parte que mejor se puede preparar y si, somos capaces de conseguir una nota alta en esta parte, tendremos todo de cara para aprobar el examen en su globalidad. Esa fue mi estrategia para los niveles anteriores y en vista de su buen resultado el enfoque para el C2 no podía ser diferente, de manera que acabé obteniendo una nota de 216/230, rozando el Grado A para esta parte en el examen de mayor exigencia que podemos realizar. De esta manera y una vez sido testado por mí mismo en examen oficial, lo pongo a disposición de todos vosotros. Sin más espero que encontréis el ebook útil y que verdaderamente destrocéis el Use of English. ¡EMPEZAMOS!
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Account for – for – Representar The amount of people unemployed accounts for approximately half of the population. Back down – down – Recular, echarse para atrás Despite the fact that everyone knew he was wrong, he refused to back bac k down. Back up – up – Respaldar Don’t be afraid and tell the truth, I’ll back you up. Bear out – out – Confirmar, corroborar The statistics bear out the fact that he is the best player. Blurt out – out – Soltar, desembuchar Sarah has blurted out my secret. I will not trust her anymore. Bottle up – up – Reprimir, sepultar, ocultar It is not healthy to bottle up your emotions. Break out – out – Estallar, empezar The match was going nicely until a battle broke out on the stands. Bring about – about – Ocasionar, provocar The government’s measures might bring about a conflict between politicians and citizens. Brush up – up – Refrescar la memoria, hacer un repaso I really need to brush up my English! It is getting rusty. Build up – up – Desarrollar I am trying to gradually build up my own business.
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Burst into – into – Estallar en Alice burst into tears when she heard her parents had passed passed away. Carry along – along – Traer algo consigo It is highly recommended to carry along your ID at any time. Catch up with – with – Ponerse al día con I am looking forward to catching up with you after so long. Choke back – back – Contener I couldn’t choke back my tears at the conclusion of the film. Come between – between – Interponerse, separar Nobody can come between my girlfriend and me. We are really in love. Come into – into – Acceder, entrar en posesión (dinero) I came into a fortune when my grandparents passed away. Cut back on – on – Reducir gastos en Due to the economic crisis people are going to have to cut back on their spending. Die out – out – Extinguirse Most of the white tigers will die out by 2075. Do away with – with – Eliminar algo To improve the quality of our product, we are going to do away with the use of preservatives. Drift into – into – Derivar hacia I drifted into teaching after I realised being a doctor wasn’t my thing. Face up to – to – Aceptar una situación difícil
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Susan is going to have to face up to the fact that she is not going to see her son again. Fend off – Ahuyentar, esquivar When setting up a business you must ensure to fend off any criminal activity. Flop down – Tirarse, dejarse caer I’m so tired that I’m just going to flop down on the couch to watch TV all day. Follow up – Dar seguimiento, investigar We must follow up all decisions made by the company to get the best profit. Give off – Emanar, desprender I really love the smell Erika gives off when she passes by. Go down with – Ponerse malo con Which diseases do children often go down with? Go without – Pasar sin, vivir sin I don’t need a TV in my life. I can totally go without it. Hang around – Merodear We had no choice but to install cameras since people are hanging around our shop. Live on – Perdurar, sobrevivir Although my dad died one month ago, his memory will always live on. Live through – Aguantar, soportar, pasar por Elderly people are stronger as they lived through wars and poverty. Look back on – Recordar, mirar atrás I can’t help smiling when I look back on my childhood. Make into – Transformar en
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He made his old sweater into a new cool shirt. Pass/hand down – Legar, dejar en herencia Peter handed down all his money to his son. Pay off – Amortizar, merecer la pena I got this sweater for only 10 euros. It’s already paid off. Hard work always pays off. Put across – Expresar I envy how brilliantly my cousin is able to put across his ideas. Set apart – Diferenciar The way we think is what set us apart from animals. Set off – Salir, partir We will be setting off tomorrow morning. Set out – Tener la intención de Scientists set out to discover a cure for cancer. Speak out (about) – Expresarse (dar una opinión sobre) Speak out if you have any concern about the topic. Splash out on – Gastar a espuertas I regret splashing out so much money on that old-fashioned car. Spring up – Brotar rápidamente Thousands of new businesses sprang up over the past 10 years. Stand up for – Defender o apoyar una idea/persona que está siendo criticada/atacada. We must say stop and stand up for our rights.
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Suck into – Involucrarse en algo no placentero I didn’t really want to get involved in an argument, but I finally sucked i nto it. Sweep aside – Pasar por alto I cannot sweep aside my student’s behaviour sometimes. Take apart – Desmontar, desmantelar, desarmar I’m going to take the TV apart just in case I can fix it. Take in by – Engañar, embaucar I was taken in by a street magician and I lost all my money. Take on – Aceptar a hacer algo George took on the job even though he didn’t need the money. Tease out – Sonsacar Laura is trying to tease my biggest secret out of me. She can be so persuasive! Tone down – Suavizar, moderar, bajar el tono I had to tone down the quality of the photos as they were t oo bright. Track down – Localizar Allow me to track down your parcel for you. Try out – Probar, hacer una prueba George was about to try out his new bike when it started raining. Tuck in – Engullir, devorar I’m starving! Time to tuck in! Whip up – Suscitar, despertar The sport newspapers whip up interest by making up false news.
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A new lease of life – Pasar a ser más activo y enérgico que antes When my son was born, I got a new lease of life. A tall order – Un verdadero desafío Taking the CPE exam is a tall order. And so on/forth – Y demás, etcetera Please, fill this paper out with your name, address and so on. And only after – Y solo después de Sign in our website and only after that you will be able to enjoy our products. Arrive at the conclusion that – Llegar a la conclusión de I was thinking about my future and I arrived at the conclusion that I want to be a doctor. As an end in itself – Como un fin en sí mismo Your training should not be seen as an end in itself, but a preparation for the match. As far back as – Desde, alrededor de As far back as Egyptian’s time, cement has been used to build all kind of facilities. As the years go by – Con el paso de los años As the years go by people realise what the important things in life are. As yet – Hasta ahora As y et, I don’t consider myself a writer. At best/most – Como mucho, en el mejor de los casos
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I will not finish reading my book until Friday at best. At odds with – Estar en desacuerdo con I find myself completely at odds with Emma’s opinion. At the conclusion – A la conclusión At the conclusion of the meeting the company offered us a delicious snack. At your most effective level – En el nivel más eficaz In this job, you've got to be operating at your most effective level all the time. At the outset – Al principio, al comienzo At the outset of the meeting, the presenter introduced us to the main topic. At the rate of – A razón de, a un ritmo de Malaria is causing dead in Africa at the rate of 100 people per day. At the touch of a button – Con tan solo tocar un botón At the touch of a button, I can control the heating of my whole house. At the very least – Por lo menos, como poco Sorry for breaking your mobile phone. Allow me to buy you a new one at the very least. At this stage – En esta etapa At this stage of your research, you must be very careful in order to come to the right conclusion. At worst – En el peor de los casos At worst, I will be able to see my son during the weekends. Based on nothing more than – Basado en nada más que I don’t buy it. That story is just based on nothing more than lies.
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Beaten track – Camino transitado We’ll get lost unless we follow the beaten track. Before him – Ante él Mark couldn’t believe it. Before him, his dad’s body was on the ground, full of blood. Before very/too long – Pronto I am sorry Luke but I have to go. I must be at home before very long. Bereft of – Despojado de, carente de The shocking news left her bereft of speech. Bound to – Destinado a If you carry on smoking you are bound to have lung cancer. Bring together – Hermanar The event will bring families together for a cultural exchange. But for – Si no hubiera sido por, de no ser por But for Kevin’s quick reaction, we would be dead. By doing so/by so doing – De este modo, al hacer tal cosa By doing so, the school will keep the student’s parents informed at any time. By means/way of – Por medio de I want to become a better football player by means of intensive training. By virtue of – Debido a, en virtud de By virtue of the Queen’s presence, the attendance to the concert was even higher. By/through trial and error – Por ensayo y error I had no idea how to set up the TV, but I finally managed to do it by trial and error.
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Call to mind – Rememorar, traer a la mente I perfectly remember your friend’s face, but I am unable to call to mind his name. Can’t help but – No poder evitar, no poder sino I can’t help but laugh when I hear you’re better than me at bowling. Carry a torch for – Estar perdidamente enamorado de We got divorced but I still carry a torch for my former wife. Come to fruition – Llegar a buen puerto It remains to be seen whether your brilliant idea will come to fruition or not. Come to harm – Sufrir daños I hope nobody came to harm because of the fireworks. Come to terms (with) – Llegar a un acuerdo (asumir, aceptar) We should come to terms on the matter before the weekend. I finally came to terms with the fact that I would not go to college. Confront (sb) with – Confrontar a alguien con The husband confronted his wife with the evidence of her financial irresponsibility. Double-edge sword – Arma de doble filo Starting a new life abroad is a double-edge sword. You can either have a better life or lose your old one. Draw to a close – Terminar, finalizar After 10 minutes discussing with her boyfriend, Lucy drew the conversation to a close by calling him idiot. Drop below/beneath the threshold – Caer por debajo del umbral Our range of profits is dropping below the threshold this month.
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Each and every – Cada vez que, todos y cada uno de Did you check each and every part of the house to find the missing chess piece? Early on – En etapas tempranas Early on in my life, I used to be quite good at playing basketball. Easy on the eye – Agradable a la vista I love your new dress! It’s really easy on the eye. Even fewer – Aún menos Poor countries have even fewer resources to get a proper education. Even well into – Incluso bien entrado en, hasta bien avanzado en In fact, even well into the 21st century, there are countries where people live in poverty. Fail to explain – Incapaz de explicar If you fail to explain why you are not the murderer, you will go to prison. Fame and fortune – Fama y fortuna In the end, fame and fortune don’t really count to find the love. Far afield – Muy lejos Competitors came from far afield to take part in the competition. Far and wide – En todos lados Paella is one of the most famous Spanish meals and is known far and wide. Far from – Distar de algo, lejos de algo (figurativo) Daniela is quite far from being my girlfriend. Far less – Mucho menos Juliana is far less attractive than Amy.
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Far too – Demasiado In my opinion, Brenda is far too skinny to be a powerlifter. Far too few – Muy pocos There are far too few researchers trying to find out a solution for Ebola. Feel put off – Sentirse apagado Don’t feel put off! I’m sure you will pass your exam next time. Few, if any - Pocos, si los hay There are few, if any, people who have figured out how to escape from prison. Find something/anything amiss – Encontrar algo/nada fuera de lo común If you find something amiss in your new computer, do not hesitate to let me know and I will fix it for you. First and foremost – Primero y principal, principalmente First and foremost, let’s talk about the salary. Following on from this – Partiendo de lo anterior Following on from this, you should take all the details into consideration to set up a legal business. For all we know – Por lo que sabemos For all we know, Claire is still married with John. For fear that – Por miedo a I took an umbrella with me for fear that it would rain. For its own sake/For interest’s sake – Por su propio bien I believe i n education f or its own sake, not just to get a good job. For the greater part –La mayor parte
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Mary was living in Portugal for the greater part of the last year. For the most part – En general, en su mayoría, en su mayor parte I agree with you for the most part. However, there are some points I’d like to discuss. For the time being – De momento, por ahora I am not able to use my new car yet so I will use my bicycle for the time being. Get nowhere – Llegar a ningún lado We spent hours discussing the matter and we finally got nowhere. Give rise to – Dar lugar a Having an argument usually gives rise to a fight. Give the cold shoulder – Ningunear, ignorar Everyone gave me the cold shoulder just because I didn’t want to go to the party. Given that – Dado que Given that I’m older than you, I will eat the last piece of chicken. Have an eye for – Tener buen ojo para algo The painter has an eye for detail. Have/keep your wits about you – Estar preparado para pensar y reaccionar en
situaciones inesperadas Skiing is a r eally dangerous sport so you’d better keep your wits about you. If at all – Si acaso, como mucho In Madrid, it snows a few days in winter, if at all. In a matter of minutes – En cuestión de minutos Fire can make you lose everything in a matter of minutes.
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In actual fact – De hecho In actual fact, I never went to college. In any event – Sea como sea In any event, the safety of the public should be the priority. In as much as – En la medida en que In as much as you are their f ather, you are responsible f or the behaviour of your sons. In between – Entremedio, en medio Luckily, I managed to go in between of my two brothers because they were having a big fight. In charge/control of – En control de Don’t worry! I’m already in charge of the situation. In common with – En común con Sarah has a lot in common with her boyfriend. In my view – En mi opinión In my view, Obama is the best president U.S.A. can have. In no uncertain terms – Clara y no muy amablemente I was so mad at him that I told him in no uncertain terms to leave my house. In other words – En otras palabras I’m so in love with you since I first saw you. In other words, will you marry me? In times gone by – En tiempos pasados, en otra época In times gone by, finding a job in Spain was easy-peasy. In such a way as to – De manera que
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Some products should be designed in such a way as to simplify recycling. In vain – En vano I’ve been trying in vain to open the trunk of my car the whole morning. In view of – En vista de, visto que In view of the fact that I would fail my exam tomorrow, I’ve decided not to take it. It comes as no surprise to – No resulta sorprendente It came as no surprise to me that Spain won the World Cup as they were a great team. It goes without saying – No hace falta ni decir Of course, it goes without saying that extra work hours will be paid. It is a (very) daunting prospect – Es una perspectiva desalentadora It is a very daunting prospect to go to a poor country and see how some people live. Jump at the chance – Engancharse, coger la oportunidad Isco did not doubt to jump at the chance when he was offered to sign for Real Madrid. Keep abreast of – Mantenerse actualizado I usually read the newspapers to keep abreast of the news. Keep tabs on – Controlar, vigilar No matter how far you might be, I will keep tabs on you. Lay to rest – Enterrar, poner fin a algo (figurativo) I would like to lay to rest the rumours of my private li fe. Lend itself to + ing – Prestarse a This story really lends itself to being turned into a film. Let alone – Por no hablar de
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I can’t even fit into the large size, let alone the medium one. Life and soul of the party – El alma de la fiesta My friend Mario is definitely the life and soul of the party. Live it up – Disfrutar de la vida Stop complaining and live it up! You are still young. Make a living – Ganarse la vida Unfortunately, I could not make a living by playing football. More often than not – Con mucha frecuencia I go to the doctors more often than not. Needless to say – No hace falta decir Needless to say, tickets for the big match are already sold out. Nigh-on – Casi After all, it’s nigh-on impossible to know whether we actually went to the Moon or not. Not least – En particular Your house is impressive, not least because of the great garden. Not quite right – No del todo bien It’s a good film but the main actor is not quite right in his role. Not turn a hair – Ni inmutarse cuando te dicen o algo “malo” ocurre He must be rich because he didn’t turn a hair when he heard the price. Of the utmost importance – De suma importancia It is of the utmost importance to drink water if you want to live. On an equal footing – Al mismo nivel, en igualdad de condiciones
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Competitors will be divided in weight categories to be on an equal footing. On behalf of – En nombre de I’m telling you this on behalf of the whole company: congratulations! On condition that – A condición de que, siempre que I will go out tonight on condition that you do as well. On the brink of – A punto de We are on the brink of winning the match. On the fast track – Por la vía rápida Let’s solve the problem on the fast track, shall we? On the move – En movimiento, desplazándose (de un lugar a otro). We're going to be on the move all next week , but we’ll call you when we get home. On the verge of – A punto de, al borde de. We were on the verge of leaving the shop when it started raining. On this basis – Sobre esta premisa On this basis, the rest of the procedure does not matter at all. Once and for all – De una vez por todas Tell me once and for all, will you come to my wedding? One form/way or another – De una manera o de otra All politicians are involved in the development of the city in one way or another. Only ever – Sólo We can’t only ever look at the problem from one perspective if we want to solve it. Over and above – Además de
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Jackson earns a great salary over and above getting free meals every day. Pales into insignificance – Volverse insignificante Everything in my life pales into insignificance in comparison with my son’s birth. Regardless of the – Independientemente de Regardless of the weather, I’ll go cycling tomorrow. Run/face the risk – Correr el riesgo It’s a really complicated bet but I will run the ri sk, it can be worth it. Scrape out a living – Ir tirando (económicamente) My cousin scrapes out a living by selling handmade clothes. See/tell at a glance – Decir/ ver de un vistazo I could see at a glance that something was going wrong. See eye to eye with – Estar de acuerdo I respect your opinion, but I don’t see eye to eye with you here. So as to – Con el fin de I am going to take English lessons so as to learn this incredible language. Something akin to + ing – Algo similar a Freedom is something akin to living under your own rules. Straight to the bin – Directo a la basura These beans are disgusting! They are going straight to the bin. Strictly speaking – Estrictamente hablando Strictly speaking, Spain is part of a peninsula. Strike it lucky – Tener de repente mucha suerte (inesperada)
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What would you do if you struck i t lucky by winning the lottery? Take a stand – Pronunciarse en contra The government will take a stand against smoking in the nightclubs. Take account of – Tener algo en cuenta Take account of all the details before making a final decision. Take exception to – Objetar, oponerse a, ofenderse por algo I take exception to the racist comments as they are really unpleasant. Take issue with – Mostrarse en desacuerdo con Tom took issue with Elsa about the cost of the house. Take somebody’s mind off something – Dejar de preocuparse o pensar sobre algo
que te preocupa The good thing about being on holidays is that it takes your mind off your problems. Take up residence – Establecerse, instalarse I am going to take up residence in a small town called Newbury. That being said – Dicho esto I’ve read really nice things about England. That being said, I wouldn’t live there because of the weather. The cruellest part/aspect – El aspecto/parte más cruel Having money and no one to spend it with is probably one of the cruellest parts in life. The degree to which – El grado en que We should pay attention to Joanne’s illness and the degree to which it is affecting her state of mind. There came a time – Hubo una época
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There came a time when I used to play poker every day. Think big – Pensar en grande When you set up a business you need to think big if you wish to succeed. Through thick and thin – En las buenas y en las malas My parents have always been together through thick and thin. Time and again – Una y otra vez I told you not to go out time and again but you did not listen, did you? To all intents and purposes – A todos los efectos This project is finished to all intents and purposes. To be at ease with – Estar a gusto con I admit that I was doubtful at first but I’m really at ease with you. To be confined to – Estar limitado a The access to that section is confined to the members of the staff. To be of interest – Ser de interés Your profile is certainly of interest to our company. To be of little or no – Ser de poco o ningún Jaime is considered to be of little or no importance at his office. To be read on the subject – Ser leído en el tema I really look up to my dad, he is quite read on the subject of science. To date – Hasta la fecha To date, I have not received your payment. To give free rein – Dar rienda suelta
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I like giving free rein to my imagination when drawing. To see the light of day – Ver la luz (figurativo: estar disponible). I wonder if one on my books will ever see the light of day. To some extent – En cierto modo, hasta cierto punto We all suffer to some extent when we are far away from our friends and family. To such an extent – Hasta tal punto I ran in the marathon to such an extent that I couldn’t get out of bed for 3 days. To this day – Hasta la fecha To this day we didn’t make a reservation for our holidays. Turn a blind eye – Hacer la vista gorda I knew my son wasn’t doing his homework but I decided to turn a blind eye for once. Turn your attention to – Dirigir tu atención a Many countries are starting t o turn their attention to new forms of energy. Tie the knot – Casarse When are you guys going to tie the knot? You’ve been together like forever! Undeterred by – Sin inmutarse por Undeterred by the extremely low temperatures, Jack went for a jog anyway. Very few - Muy pocos Very few students aim to achieve top marks. Very little – Muy poco I’m sorry to tell you but we have very little in common. Well and truly – Completamente
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The match was well and truly over in just 10 minutes as the score was 3-0 to the local team. When it comes to + ing – Cuando se trata de When it comes to going out, Katie is always my first option. Which can be anything from…to – Puede ser cualquier cosa, desde…a… We are going to the mountain this weekend which can be anything from the best weekend ever to an actual disaster if we don’t plan it properly. With this in mind – Con esto en mente Always work hard. With this in mind, I promise you will get a good job eventually. With regard to – Con respecto a I am writing you with regard to the job offer as I am sure I am the one you are looking for. With which – Con lo que The happiness with which you welcomed me when I returned to Spain was so kind. Work your way up to – Lograr una mejor posición (empresa) I’m pleased with my position at work right now but I would like to work my way up to the top one day. Yet, at the same time – Pero, al mismo tiempo The decision was tough and yet, at the same time, it was a simple one.
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*Los verbos pueden entrar en cualquiera de sus tiempos verbales. Pongo solo el infinitivo para no hacer la lista interminable.
A, Able, About, According, Addition, After, Against, Ago, All, Along, Although, Among, Amount, An, And, Another, Any, Anything, Anywhere, Apart, As, Aspect, At, Away. Back, Because, Become, Before, Best, Better, Between, Big, Bring, But, By. Call, Can, Carry, Case, Charge, Come, Common, Control, Consequence, Could. Danger, Date, Degree, Despite, Do, Down, Due, During. Each, Either, End, Enough, Even, Every, Everyone. Face, Fact, Fail, Far, Few, Fewer, For, Forth, Forward, From, Further. Get, Give, Great. Hand, Hardly, Have, Her, Herself, Himself, His, How, However If, In, Intent, Into, Irrespective, It, Its, Itself. Just. Keep. Lack, Lacking, Last, Learn, Least, Let, Less, Like, Likely, Little, Long. Majority, Make, Many, May, Means, Might, Mind, Mine, More, Most, Much, Must, Myself. Need, Neither, No, Nobody, None, Nor, Not, Nothing, Number. Odd, Odds, Of, Off, On, One, Only, Or, Order, Other, Our, Ourselves, Out, Over. Part, Pass, Perhaps, Place, Possibly, Put. Rather, Reality, Regard, Regardless, Result, Run. Sake, Same, Say, Scarcely, See, Set, Should, Since, So, Some, Sooner, Style, Such.
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Take, Tell, Terms, Than, That, The, Their, Them, Themselves, Then, There, These, This, Though, Through, Time, To, Together, To be, Too, Turn. Unable, Until, Up, Upon, Us, Used. Vast, Very, View, Visit. Way, Wear, Well, What, Whatever, When, Where, Whether, Which, While, Who, Whom, Whose, Why, Wide, With, Within, Without, Would. Yet, Your, Yourself, Yourselves.
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A source of – Una fuente de My dad has always been a source of inspiration to me. A vivid account of – Un relato vivido de I will include a vivid account of my stay in Brazil if I ever write a book about my life. At no point – En ningún momento At no point did I think I would pass my driving exam. At the height of his success – En la época de su éxito At the height of his success, Amancio Ortega used to earn two million dollars per day. Ban on – Prohibición de There should be a ban on smoking in public places. Bear similarity/resemblance – Guardar similitud My son bears no similarity to me. Can’t be bothered to – Pasar de hacer algo I could have known it would rain but I couldn’t be bothered to check the weather forecast. Change your tune – Cambiar tu opinión completamente He wasn’t very keen on the idea at first, but he finally changed his tune when he realised how much money he would make. Come to mind – Venir a la mente I solved the problem by doing the first thing that came to mind. Contrary to popular belief – Al contrario de lo que se piensa
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Contrary to popular belief, drinking alcohol does not make you fatter. Cross your mind – Cruzarse por tu mente What was the first thing that crossed your mind when you heard about your sister’s car accident? I would have freaked out! Dedicate yourself to – Entregarse en cuerpo y alma, dedicarse a Since my children were born, I have dedicated myself to them. Don’t let yourself – No se deje, no permita Don’t let yourself be intimidated just because the man interviewing you is wearing a suit. Draw the attention to – Dirigir la atención I would like to draw your attention to this brilliant picture I got yesterday at the market. Drop (sb) a line, Drop a line to (sb) – Escribir unas líneas Drop me a line and I will try to reply you as soon as possible. Entitled to – Con derecho a I am a member of the staff so I am entitled to ask questions to the committee. Every right to – Todo el derecho de I have ever y right to go to Emma’s party since she is my girlfriend! Excel yourself at – Sobresalir en Lisa really excelled herself at her performance last night. Find it necessary – Encontrar necesario I don’t find it necessary to go abroad so as to learn a new language. For the duration – Mientras dure For the duration of the experiment, you should wear glasses.
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From the outset – Desde el comienzo From the outset, I knew who the winner would be. Get hold of – Conseguir, hacerse con Where can I get hold of some winter clothes? Give up hope of – Perder la esperanza de I will never give up hope of finding a place to park. Go down well – Ser bien recibido News of salary increases went down well with the company’s employees. Go off at a tangent – Salirse por la tangente Don’t go off at a tangent and tell me the truth! Go on record (as saying that) – Dejar constancia (decir públicamente) The president went on record as saying that the economic crisis was a real thing. Go over and over again in my mind – Venirse a la mente continuamente The fact that I could have saved my friend’s life goes over and over again in my mind. Go to waste – Echarse a perder, ser desperdiciado This is an opportunity that cannot go to waste. Go to (sb)’s head – Subirse a la cabeza Winning that important award went to Jayne’s head and now she’s become really cocky. Hardly any – Casi nada, casi nadie There is hardly any pizza left on the fridge. Have a word with – Tener una charla con Would it be possible to have a private word with you?
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Have every confident in/that – Tener toda la confianza de I have every confident that you all pass the exam. Have yet to – Aún tengo que ver… I have yet to see a taller person than Pau Gasol. In all likelihood – Con toda probabilidad In all likelihood Arsenal F.C. will win the Cup. In the event of – En el caso de Jannice will not go out tonight in the event of rain. In the habit of – Acostumbrado, habituado a I’m in the habit of coming back home walking from school. In/with the hope that – Con la esperanza de que I’m still in the hope that we can win the tournament. In the last resort/ As a last resort – En último caso, como último recurso The police officers are supposed to open fire only in the last resort. In the light of – A la luz de, en vista de In the light of recent events, a new earthquake is likely to happen again. It has been brought to my attention – Se me ha informado que (formal) It has been brought to my attention that you did not come to work yesterday. Keep a straight face – Arreglárselas para no reirse I tried really hard to keep a straight face but I finally burst into laughter. Keep in the dark – Ocultar información It would be better to keep in the dark what happened between us last night.
30
Leave nothing to chance – No dejar nada sin calcular o al imprevisto Anna left nothing to chance in her wedding, it was fantastic! Look alike in the way – Parecerse en la manera My two brothers look alike in the way they speak. Lose sight of – Perder de vista Do not lose sight of your goals if you want to become a champion. Make a go of it –Salir adelante We need to work harder in our business if we want to make a go of it. Make it clear – Dejar claro I’d like to make it clear that I did not steal Mary’s bike. Make (no) mention of – Hacer (no) mención de I will make no mention of how weird Paul is behaving today. Many’s the time I’ve… - Muchas son las veces que he… Many’s the time I’ve told you to brush your teeth before going to bed and you never do it! Much as – Por mucho que Much as I love going out, there are sometimes when I feel like staying home watching a film. Nowhere near – Muy lejos de (literal), de ningún modo cerca (figurativo) The church is nowhere near the park. Cycling is nowhere near as much fun as skiing. Occur to (sb) – Pasarle por la cabeza, ocurrírsele It had never occurred to me to go to Disneyland as it is supposed to be a place for kids.
31
Prior to + ing – Antes de I couldn’t speak a word prior to moving to England. Prompt action – Rápida acción My brother stayed in Spain thanks to Jane’s prompt action in offering him a new job. Put (sb) at ease with – Hacer a alguien sentirse cómodo o bienvenido My boss put me at ease with my workmates since the beginning. Put in jeopardy/at risk – Poner en peligro On no account will I put this operation in jeopardy. Put the price up – Subir el precio Due to economic problems I had no choice but to put the prices up. Put (sth) on the line – Arriesgar algo Firefighters put their lives on the line every single day. (Not) Say a word about – (No) Decir una palabra I am of the opinion that you shouldn’t say a word about how you make a living. Set great store on – Considerar algo de gran importancia Karen is setting great store on her science project. Set the record straight – Dejar las cosas claras It was high time the company set the record straight about its finances. Set your sights on – Decidirse a lograr algo I set my sights on getting a good English level and I finally did. Shed/throw some light on – Arrojar luz en Thank you for shedding some light on what is really a very complicated subject for me.
32
Show no sign of – No mostrar signos de Brenda showed no sign of nervousness prior to performing onstage. Shoulder the burden – Soportar la carga/el peso Many countries are unable to shoulder the financial burden by themselves. Single out for criticism – Señalar, criticar Do not single out your employees for criticism in public. Spill the beans – Revelar un secreto You shouldn’t have spilled the beans about Mark’s girlfriend. Standing ovation – Ovación (gente de pie) The lecturer received a standing ovation at the end of his speech. Strange as it seems – Por extraño que parezca Strange as it seems, it’s been 7 days without raining in London. Take pride in – Sentirse orgulloso I envy how some countries take pride in their anthem. Take retirement – Jubilarse My dad will finally take retirement next year. Take sides – Tomar partido, ponerse de lado de M y mother prefers not to take sides when my brothers are discussing. The extent of – La extension de The extent of the fire was about 10.000 meters. The prospects of – Las perspectivas de The prospects of success of my new business are really high.
33
The slightest hesitation – La más mínima duda I’d buy that car without the slightest hesitation. The sooner the better – Cuanto antes mejor What time should I show up for the party tonight? The sooner the better! There is no telling - Es imposible saber There is no telling how long we’ll be waiting at the airport because of the delay. There’s no much to – No hay mucho que There’s no much to say about her speech. It was brilliant. To be a foregone conclusion – Estar cantado It was a foregone conclusion that I would pass the Maths test. To be better known as – Ser más conocido como Sally is better known as an artist than a journalist. To be in the mood (for sth / to do sth) – Apetecer I am really in the mood to have pizza tonight! To be lacking in –Ser falto en My education was lacking in the subject of Arts. To be of the opinion – Ser de la opinión. I am of the opinion that August is the best month of the year. To be on cloud nine – Estar extremadamente feliz I was on cloud nine when I won the lottery. To be prone to + ing – Ser propenso a I am prone to getting headaches.
34
To be resulted from – Ser causado por His difficulty i n passing all the exams resulted from a tough childhood. To be subject to – Estar sujeto a Construction of the church is subject to the availability of space. To be most unlike – No ser nada típico It’s most unlike Paul to go to bed so early, he must be poorly. To be under no obligation to – No estar bajo la obligación de I was under no obligation to buy anything at the store. To dawn on – Caer en cuenta It never dawned on me that I could actually win the chess tournament. To have a reputation for – Tener la reputación de I have a reputation for helping homeless people. Try your hand at – Probar a hacer algo por primera vez I tried my hand at writing books but I did not succeed. Unlikely as it may seem – Por improbable que parezca Unlikely as it may seem, I’ve never been to Valencia. Until darkness fell – Hasta que la oscuridad cayó It was not until darkness fell that it started raining. Way of escaping – Salida, escapatoria There is no way of escaping the fact that we all, as human beings, will eventually die. With a view to + ing – Con el objetivo de These measures will be carried out with a view to increasing the company’s profits.
35
With the naked eye – Sin usar un aparato especial que haga las imágenes más
grandes These bacteria are so tiny that they cannot be seen with the naked eye.
36
Palabra raíz
Palabra derivada
Significado
Act
Interaction
Interacción
Acquire
Acquisition
Adquisición
Add
Additionally
Adicionalmente
Additional
Adicional
Adhere
Adherence
Adherencia
Advantage
Advantageous
Ventajoso
Agree
Disagreement
Desacuerdo
Alert
Alertness
Alerta, vigilancia
Ally
Alliance
Alianza
Ambiguous
Ambiguity
Ambiguedad
Analyse
Analysis
Análisis
Analyses
Análisis (plural)
Anatomy
Anatomical
Anatómico
Anonymous
Anonymity
Anonimato
Antique
Antiquity
Antigüedad
Anxious
Anxiety
Ansiedad
Appear
Apparent
Evidente
Apparently
Evidentemente
Disappear
Desaparecer
37
Apply
Applicant
Solicitante
Apologise
Unapologetic
Sin remordimientos
Appreciate
Appreciably
Considerablemente
Appreciative (of)
Agradecido (por)
Approval
Disapproval
Desaprobación
Argue
Arguably
Casi indiscutiblemente
Unarguably
Indiscutiblemente
Arguable
Discutible
Assertion
Afirmación, reivindicación
Assertive
Tajante, autoritario
Assume
Assumption
Suposición
Attach
Attachment
Anexo, adjunto
Assert
Cariño, afecto Attend
Attendance
Asistencia
Author
Authorship
Autoría
Autonomy
Autonomous
Autónomo
Avoid
Avoidable
Evitable
Unavoidable
Inevitable
Unaware
Inconsciente
Unawareness
Desconocimiento
Awareness
Conocimiento
Bankruptcy
Bancarrota
Aware
Bankrupt
38
Base
Basically
Básicamente
Beauty
Beautifully
Bellamente
Bed
Embed
Incrustar
Embedded
Incrustado
Benefit
Beneficial
Beneficioso
Botany
Botanist
Botánico
Break
Breakthrough
Descubrimiento
Breath
Breathtaking
Impresionante
Centre
Centrally
Centralmente
Central
Central
Unceremoniously
Bruscamente
Unceremonious
Brusco
Ceremoniously
Ceremoniosamente
Certainty
Certeza
Ascertain
Determinar, establecer
Challenge
Challenging
Desafiante
Character
Characteristic
Característica
Circle
Encircle
Rodear, circundar
Close
Disclose
Divulgar, revelar
Conclusive
Inconclusive
No concluyente
Cohere
Coherent
Coherente
Come
Outcome
Resultado
Ceremonious
Certain
39
Coming
Shortcoming
Defecto, limitación
Commit
Commitment
Compromiso, promesa
Company
Accompany
Acompañar
Compare
Comparable
Comparable
Comparatively
Comparativamente
Compel
Compulsive
Compulsivo
Complement
Complementary
Complementario
Complex
Complexity
Complejidad
Comprehend
Comprehensible
Comprensible
Incomprehensible
Incomprensible
Conception
Concepto
Misconception
Idea equivocada
Condition
Unconditionally
Incondicionalmente
Confidence
Confidently
Con seguridad
Connect
Unconnected
Desconectado
Conscious
Consciousness
Consciencia
Subconscious
Subconsciente
Conserve
Conservative
Conservador
Consequence
Consequently
Por consiguiente
Constrain
Constraint
Restricción
Consume
Consumption
Consumo
Controversy
Controversial
Controvertido
Concept
40
Converse
Conversant (with)
Familiarizado (con)
Convince
Conviction
Convicción
Count
Countless
Incontable
Counter
Encounter
Hallar
Credible
Incredibly
Increíblemente
Credit
Creditor
Acreedor
Critic
Criticism
Crítica
Critically
Críticamente
Crux
Crucial
Crucial
Curriculum
Extracurricular
Extracurricular
Custom
Customize
Personalizar
Cycle
Recycling
(de) Reciclaje
Cylinder
Cylindrical
Cilíndrico
Danger
Endangered
En peligro de extinción
Endanger
Arriesgar, exponer
Decide
Decidedly
Decididamente, sin duda
Deep
Deepen
Profundizar
Depth
Profundidad
Definite
Indefinitely
Indefinidamente
Demand
Demanding
Demandante
Democracy
Democratize
Democratizar
Deny
Undeniably
Innegablemente
41
Undeniable
Innegable
Independent
Independiente
Independently
Independientemente
Design
Designated
Designado
Despair
Desperation
Desesperación
Destroy
Destructive
Destructivo
Determine
Indeterminate
Indeterminado
Diagnose
Diagnosis
Diagnóstico
Differ
Indifferent
Indiferente
Disaster
Disastrous
Desastroso
Dispose
Disposable
Disponible
Distant
Distance
Distancia
Distinct
Distinctive
Distintivo, característico
Distinctively
Peculiarmente
Distinctiveness
Peculiaridad
Disturbing
Disturbance
Disturbio
Diverse
Diversity
Diversidad
Domestic
Domesticity
Domesticidad
Dominate
Dominant
Dominante
Doubt
Undoubted
Indudable
Undoubtedly
Indudablemente
Dramatically
Dramáticamente
Depend
Drama
42
Draw
Drawback
Inconveniente
Dread
Dreadfully
Terriblemente
Drink
Undrinkable
Imbebible
Dry
Drought
Sequía
Economy
Economic
Económico
Educate
Education
Educación
Effect
Effective
Efectivo
Ineffectively
Ineficazmente
Efficiency
Eficiencia
Inefficient
Ineficiente
Electric
Electrical
Eléctrico
Emerge
Emergence
Aparición
Emit
Emission
Emisión
Empire
Imperial
Imperial, señorial
Emphatic
Emphasis
Énfasis
Enhance
Enhancement
Mejora
Enigma
Enigmatic
Enigmático
Environs
Environmentally
Ambientalmente
Erode
Erosion
Erosión
Essential
Essence
Esencia
Estimate
Underestimate
Infravalorar
Overestimate
Sobrestimar
Efficient
43
Evolve
Evolutionary
Evolutivo
Exceed
Excessive
Excesivo
Except
Exceptional
Excepcional
Exceptionally
Excepcionalmente
Exclusively
Exclusivamente
Exclusion
Exclusión
Execute
Executive
Ejecutivo
Exist
Existence
Existencia
Extend
Extensively
Extensamente
Expect
Expectancy
Expectación, expectativa
Family
Familiar
Familiar
Find
Findings
Hallazgos, descubrimientos
Finite
Infinite
Innumerable
Infinitely
Infinitamente
Flavour
Flavouring
Condimento, aderezo
Flaw
Flawless
Perfecto
Foot
Footing
Punto de apoyo, posición
Foreseen
Unforeseen
Imprevisto, inesperado
Fortune
Misfortune
Infortunio
Frequent
Infrequent
Poco frecuente
Fruit
Fruitful
Fructífero
Gather
Gathering
Reunión, concurrencia
Exclude
44
Go
Undergo
Someterse a, experimentar
Globe
Global
Global
Glory
Glorious
Glorioso
Grace
Graceful
Gracioso, elegante
Grateful
Gratitude
Gratitud
Happen
Happening
Suceso, acontecimiento
Hither
Hitherto
Hasta ahora
Identify
Identification
Identificación
Imagine
Imaginative
Imaginativo
Immerse
Immersion
Inmersión
Immersible
Sumergible
Impression
Impressionable
Impresionable
Include
Inclusion
Inclusión
Infant
Infancy
Infancia
Influence
Influential
Influyente
Inhabit
Inhabitant
Habitante
Initiate
Initiative
Iniciativa
Innovate
Innovator
Innovador
Instinct
Instinctively
Por instinto
Institute
Institution
Institución
Intellect
Intellectual
Intelectual
Intense
Intensity
Intensidad
45
Intervene
Intervention
Intervención
Intuition
Intuitively
Intuitivamente
Intricacy
Intricate
Complejo
Invite
Uninviting
Poco atractivo
Just
Justice
Justicia
Injustice
Injusticia
Kin
Kinship
Familia, parentesco
King
Kingdom
Reino
Know
Unknown
Desconocido
Knowledge
Acknowledge
Reconocer
Acknowledgement
Reconocimiento
Lead
Misled
Mal informado
Leisure
Leisurely
Sin prisa, pausado
Like
Liken
Comparar, asemejar
Likelihood
Probabilidad
Line
Underline
Subrayar, enfatizar
Literate
Literary
Literario, relativo a literatura
Literacy
Alfabetización
Logic
Illogical
Ilógico
Lonely
Loneliness
Soledad
Mathematics
Mathematician
Matemático
Maintain
Maintenance
Mantenimiento
46
Mature
Maturity
Madurez
Maximum
Maximise
Maximizar
Meaning
Meaningful
Significativo
Meaningless
Sin sentido
Meteorology
Meteorología
Meteorologist
Meteorólogo
Misterious
Misterioso
Misteriously
Misteriosamente
Modify
Modification
Modificación
Moist
Moisture
Humedad
Molecule
Molecular
Molecular
Mountain
Mountaineer
Montañero
Narrate
Narrative
Narrativo
Nature
Natural
Natural
Necessary
Necessarily
Necesariamente
Notice
Noticeable
Evidente, notorio
Noticeably
Evidentemente
Notoriously
Notoriamente
Notorious
De mala fama
Numerate
Enumerate
Enumerar
Obsessive
Obsession
Obsesión
Occupy
Occupant
Ocupante
Meteor
Mistery
Notoriety
47
Opinion
Opinionated
Tendencioso
Ordinary
Extraordinary
Extraordinario
Organ
Organism
Organismo
Orientate
Disorientation
Desorientación
Origin
Originate
Originar
Out
Outcome
Resultado
Outset
Comienzo
Overwhelm
Overwhelmingly
Abrumadoramente
Pack
Package
Paquete
Pair
Impair
Perjudicar
Parasite
Parasitic
Parasitario
Patch
Patchiness
Heterogeneidad
Dispatch
Enviar
Perceive
Perception
Percepción
Perceptible
Imperceptibly
Imperceptiblemente
Imperceptible
Imperceptible
Perfection
Imperfection
Imperfección
Perpetuate
Perpetually
Permanentemente
Pervade
Pervasive
Generalizado
Pessimism
Pessimistically
Con pesimismo
Pessimist
Pesimista
Philosophical
Filosófico
Philosophy
48
Picture
Picturesque
Pintoresco
Place
Replace
Reemplazar
Replacement
Reemplazo
Please
Unpleasant
No placentero
Politics
Politician
Político
Popular
Popularise
Popularizar
Power
Empower
Fortalecer
Powerless
Incapaz
Powerful
Poderoso
Practise
Practical
Práctico
Preceed
Unprecedented
Sin precedentes
Predict
Predictable
Predecible
Unpredictable
Impredecible
Prediction
Predicción
Pressing
Apremiante, urgente
Pressure
Presión
Presume
Presumably
Presuntamente
Prison
Imprison
Encarcelar, recluir
Probable
Probably
Probablemente
Proceed
Procedure
Procedimiento
Prompt
Promptly
Rápidamente
Psychology
Psychologist
Psicólogo
Press
49
Question
Unquestionably
Incuestionablemente
Unquestionable
Incuestionable
Questionable
Cuestionable, dudoso
Rain
Rainfall
Lluvia, chubasco
Rare
Rarity
Rareza, curiosidad
Ravel
Unravel
Desenredar
Recognise
Recognisable
Reconocible
Rectangle
Rectangular
Rectangular
Regular
Regularity
Regularidad
Relate
Unrelated
No relacionado
Reluctant
Reluctance
Reticencia
Reluctanly
A regañadientes
Rely
Reliance
Dependencia, confianza
Repeat
Repeatedly
Repetidamente
Replace
Irreplaceable
Irremplazable
Research
Researcher
Investigador
Resource
Resourceful
Habilidoso
Resourcefulness
Ingenio, iniciativa
Respond
Response
Respuesta
Retail
Retailer
Minorista
Reveal
Revelation
Revelación
Revolution
Revolutionary
Revolucionario
50
Revolve
Revolutionize
Revolucionar
Rigour
Rigorous
Rigoroso
Rhythm
Rhythmically
Rítmicamente
Rigid
Rigidity
Rigidez
Ripe
Ripen
Madurar
Rival
Unrivalled
Sin igual, sin rival
Road
Roadworthy
En condiciones (itv)
Inroad
Avance, progreso
Surrounding
Envolvente, circundante
Surroundings
Alrededores
Satisfactory
Satisfactorio
Unsatisfactory
Insatisfactorio
Scholarly
Erudito, entendido
Scholar
Estudiante
Scope
Microscopic
Microscópico
Secure
Insecurity
Inseguridad
Seduce
Seductive
Seductor, atractivo
Seduction
Seducción
Insight
Percepción
Sight
Vista
Sequence
Consequence
Consecuencia
Set
Setting
Configuración, ajuste
Round
Satisfy
School
See
51
Side
Downside
Inconveniente
Signify
Significance
Significancia
Insignificance
Insignificancia
Sleepless
Insonme, desvelado
Sleepiness
Somnolencia
Speak
Outspoken
Franco, honesto
Spectacle
Spectacular
Espectacular
Spectate
Spectacle
Espectáculo
Spectator
Espectador
Speculate
Speculative
Especulativo
Splendid
Splendor/Splendour
Esplendor
Strong
Strengthen
Fortalecer
Submit
Submissively
Sumisamente
Submissive
Sumiso
Submission
Sumisión
Substance
Substantial
Sustancial, abundante
Succeed
Successor
Sucesor
Suffice
Sufficiently
Suficientemente
Suppose
Supposedly
Supuestamente
Supply
Supplier
Proveedor
Suspect
Suspicion
Sospecha
Suspicious
Sospechoso
Sleep
52
Take
Undertake (to do something)
Prometer hacer algo
Technology
Technological
Tecnológico
Terminate
Interminable
Interminable
Think
Thoughtfully
Pensativamente
Threat
Threatening
Amenazador, inquietante
Trust
Mistrust
Desconfianza, desconfiar
Untrustworthy
De poca confianza
Turn
Upturn
Incremento
Twenty
Twentieth
Vigésimo
Value
Invaluable
Que no tiene precio
Variable
Invariable
Invariable
Invariably
Invariablemente
Vegetate
Vegetation
Vegetación
Virtue
Virtuous
Virtuoso
Will
Wilful
Tozudo
Wilfully
Tozudamente
Unwise
Insensato
Unwisely
Insensatamente
Wisely
Sensatamente
Zealous
Entusiasta
Wise
Zeal
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Antes de nada me gustaría darte las gracias por haber depositado tu confianza en mí. Estoy muy agradecido por vuestro apoyo tanto por haber comprado este ebook como por el apoyo desde el primer día que abrí el blog y publiqué “Destrozando el Use of
English: B2&C1 version”. Este ebook no pretende sustituir a los libros oficiales que hay publicados para la preparación específica de los exámenes de nivel C2 sino que trata de ser un complemento extra a la hora de estudiar. En todos los ámbitos de nuestra vida, nos volvemos especialistas a base de repetir, practicar y realizar de forma práctica una y otra vez aquello que nos propongamos, no solo basta con la teoría. En este examen, y en esta parte en concreto, ocurre lo mismo. Con Destrozando el Use of English – Proficiency Version os he dado una ayuda teórica muy interesante y que, si sabéis entenderla y utilizarla, os va a librar de más de un quebradero de cabeza. Pero para ello es necesario complementar esta teoría con la parte práctica. Esto no es ningún secreto y ya lo he transmitido muchísimas veces en mi blog. He visto y recibido numerosas consultas acerca del Use of English, alegando que cuando se examinaron oficialmente, esta parte era mucho más difícil que en la práctica. Y la respuesta a esa afirmación no es ni más ni menos que una carencia en la falta de práctica de esta parte. Tenéis que hacer todos los exámenes de prueba posibles, para minimizar la varianza presente y el alcanzar el máximo conocimiento posible del inglés requerido dentro de cada nivel. En resumen, hay que saber llevar la teoría a la práctica. Sin más, me despido con la esperanza de que este ebook os sirva para alcanzar vuestro objetivo y consigáis certificar el nivel más alto de inglés que una persona no nativa puede lograr. Ya sabéis que intentando sacar la mayor puntuación posible en esta parte, maximizaréis vuestras opciones de aprobar. Un saludo. Adrián.
54
Copyright © [2015] [Aprueba El CAE – Destrozando el Use of English – Proficiency Version] Contacto:
[email protected] Propiedad Intelectual e Industrial
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