Design & Detailing Concrete Kerbs

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Published by Interpave The Precast Concrete Paving & Kerb  Association 60 Charles Street, leicester LE1 1FB tel: 0116 253 6161 fax: 0116 251 4568 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.paving.org.uk Interpave is a Product Association of the British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd. © 2005 Interpave - The Precast Concrete Paving and Kerb  Association, a Pro duct Association of BPCF Ltd.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the statements made and the opinions expressed in this publication provide a safe and accurate guide; however, no liability or responsibility of any kind (including liability for negligence) can be accepted in this respect by the publishers or the authors.

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Introduction Kerbs, channels and edgings are available in various different traditional and non-traditional profiles, manufactured to the requirements of the British Standard, BS EN 1340: 2003. More information on the different types and clarification of the European Standard can be found in the PDF download Properties of Concrete Kerbs and Channels on www.paving.org.uk. The Design and  Detailing  PDF download offers guidance on designing and detailing with the more common types. Separate, important guidance is also available on the website covering designing for safe handling of products of this sort, to assist with CDM Regulations compliance.

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Sizes and Shapes Comprehensive and extensive ranges of kerbs, channels and edgings are manufactured in accordance with the British Standard BS EN 1340 which covers the production of commercial units. The following table is taken from the National Annex of BS EN 1340. Types of product and their designations Type

Designation

Reference

Bullnosed kerb

BN

Figure NA.1a)

45~ splayed kerb

SP

Figure NA.1 b)

Half battered kerb

HB1

Figure NA.1c)

HB2

NA. 1d)

HB3

NA. 1e)

Transition kerb (left hand)

TL

Figure NA.2a)

Transition kerb (right hand)

TR

Figure NA.2a)

Dropper kerb (left hand)

DL

Figure NA.2b) NA.2c)

Dropper kerb (right hand)

DR

Figure NA.2b) NA.2c)

CS1

Figure NA.1f)

CS2

NA. 1g)

CD

Figure NA. 1h)

Round top edging

ER

Figure NA.3a)

Flat top edging

EF

Figure NA.3b)

Bullnosed edging

EBN

Figure NA.3c)

Bullnosed quadrant

QBN

Figure NA.3d)

45~ splayed quadrant

QSP

Figure NA.3d)

Half battered quadrant

QHB

Figure NA.3d)

Internal angle

IA

Figure NA.3e)

External

XA

Figure Na.3f)

Kerbs

Channels Channel square Channel dished Edgings

Quadrants

 Angles

Kerbs and channels are available in a range of internal and external radii. To conform with BS EN 1340, radius kerbs and channels should be used on curves of 15 m radius or less. Preferred radii of kerbs are 0,5; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 10 and 15 m with a recommended length of 780 mm. Other radii kerbs are available: contact Interpave member companies for further information.

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Profiles and Applications  As a guide, the following standard kerb profiles are used for the purposes shown below. * Half battered - to deflect/redirect traffic back onto the carriageway * Splay - allows vehicles to mount onto the verge TheNational Annex of BS EN 1340 shows the kerb section normally used in the UK, as illistrated below. standard kerb cross-sections

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drop kerb dimensions

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radius kerb and channel dimensions

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channel cross-sections

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edging cross-sections

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angle kerb dimensions

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quadrant kerb dimensions

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Tolerances Permissible deviations - the value for possible deviation from manufacturer's declared values are as follows. Length ± 1 % to the nearest mm, with a minimum of 4 mm and not exceeding 10 mm. Other dimensions Other faces: ± 3 % to the nearest mm, with a minimum of 3 mm not exceeding 5 mm. Other parts: ± 5 % to nearest mm, with a minimum of 3 mm not exceeding 10 mm Flatness and straightness Length of gauge mm

Permissible deviation mm

300

± 1.5

400

± 2.0

500

± 2.5

800

± 4.0

The difference between any two measurements of a single kerb shall be < 5 mm

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Bending strength The characteristic bending strength shall not be less than the value corresponding to the class in the table that follows. None of the individual results shall be less than the corresponding minimum bending strength in the table. When kerbs, due to their geometry, cannot be tested according to this standard they shall be considered to be in the same class as tested kerbs provided they have at least the same concrete strength. Bending strength classes Class Marking Characteristic bending strength (MPa) Minimum bending strength (MPa) 1

S

3.5

2.8

2

T

5.0

4.0

3

U

6.0

4.8

Weathering resistance - is a measure of the ability of the concrete kerb to withstand weathering where specific conditions exist such as frequent contact of the surfaces with de-icing salt under frost conditions. It can be assessed under laboratory conditions by measuring the amount of spalled material from a surface under the cycle of freezing/thawing action using a de-icing salt solution. Or, if no de-icing salt is used, then the measurement of the porosity by measuring the water absorption of the kerb should be used. Abrasion Resistance - is a measure of the ability of the concrete kerb to withstand erosion caused by trafficking in service. It is assessed under laboratory conditions by abrading the surface of the kerb with a flow of a hard abrasive material while applying a known force.The resulting loss of material from the kerb surface is measured by determining the abraded width. Slip/Skid Resistance - is a measure of the ability of the concrete kerb laid in service to withstand slipping for pedestrians and skidding for vehicles.The unpolished slip resistance value is determined using a "standard rubber" material attached to a Pendulum FrictionTester and tested under wet conditions.To determine the polished paver value (PPV) for all paving units BS 7932: 1998 should be used.This standard has formed the basis document for the European Test Method DD ENV 12633:2003.This test method measures the slip resistance of the kerb after it has been synthetically trafficked (or polished) under laboratory conditions to replicate the performance of kerbs during their life under traffic conditions. For more details please contact Interpave.

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Detailing Products should be laid using one of the following alternative methods: 1. Units set on a race of freshly mixed concrete; 2. Units bedded on a mortar bed on top of a hardened concrete race or onto a mortar bedding on a carriageway 3. Units bonded to the pavement surface. Detailed information on each method can be found in the Installation and Reinstatement PDF download on www.paving.org.uk. Examples of typical kerb/edging installations for different applications follow.

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Light vehicle and pedestrian traffic  50mm

100mm

155mm 25mm 1:3 cement & sand mortar bed

100mm 200mm

25mm

haunching

Estate roadways/car parking areas kerb unit 200mm

25mm 100mm 300mm

1:3 cement & sand mortar bed

haunching

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Heavy industrial traffic  haunchings

50mm 125mm 205mm

25mm 150mm

250mm 50mm 10mm x 225mm long mild steel dowel if required at 600 - 900mm centres

1:3 cement & sand mortar bed

Kerbs should normally be laid so that the water check is 25 mm above the surface of the road.  At vehicle crossing points kerbs should be 25 mm above final road surface unless otherwise stated. At pedestrian crossing points dropped kerbs should be laid 6 mm above the final road surface on the lower side of the road and level with the surface on the higher side to aid drainage. For ease of wheelchair use, the upstand should be between 0 and 6 mm. Joints on the dropper  units may need adjustment to achieve this. This application may require a drainage outlet for  removal of surface water at this point.

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