DESIGN 3 Encumenical Research

DESIGN 3 Submitted to: Arch. Julieta B. Mateo Submitted by: Khristine Lerie D. Pascual  June 23 20!

 "he #ord ecumenical came $rom the %ree& #ord oikoumenē  meanin' (the #hole inhabited #orld). "o inter*ret+ ecumenical is sim*ly a**lyin' the ,#hole #orld- or ,uniersal- in the modern moement+ #ith consideration to the *rimary 'oal o$ ecumenism+ is to establish a isible unity in /hrist amon' /hristians.  "he Ecumenical Church is a theolo'ical liberal+ le$tist or'aniation deoted to #orld uni1cation o$ churches and reli'ious entities. A s*irit o$ unity bet#een all /hristian churches+ across denominational boundaries+ is a noble ambition that should be *ursued. "he body o$ /hrist needs to be united in their loe+ their *rayers+ and their ean'elistic eorts to the #orld. But not at the com*romise o$ basic /hristian ideals+ as is embraced by modern ecumenicalism. Seeral churches such as oman /hurch a**lied ecumenism to their system also 4astern /hurch.  "he dierence bet#een 4cumenical /hurch and other /hurches is the s*irit o$ unity #here ecumenism is a**lied throu'hout the system o$ the churches+ #here other churches in5uences others #hile /hurch is sim*ly a structure #here *eo*le are $ree to #orshi*.6

Types of Churches

Aisleless church

7s a sin'le8nae church buildin' that consists o$ a sin'le hall8li&e room. 9hile similar to the hall church+ the aisleless church lac&s aisles or *assa'e#ays either side o$ the nae se*arated $rom the nae by colonnades or arcades+ a ro# o$ *illars or columns. o#eer+ there is o$ten no clear demarcation bet#een the dierent buildin' $orms+ and many churches+ in the course o$ their construction history+ deelo*ed $rom a combination o$ dierent ty*es.

Basilica

is ;deried $rom %ree& ?@? >CE+ oyal Stoa+ the tribunal chamber o$ a &in'F has three distinct a**lications in modern 4n'lish. "he #ord #as ori'inally used to describe an o*en+ oman+ *ublic court buildin'+ usually located adGacent to the $orum o$ a oman to#n. By eHtension it #as a**lied to /hristian buildin's o$ the same $orm and continues to be used in an architectural sense to describe those buildin's #ith a central nae and aisles. Later+ the term came to re$er s*eci1cally to a lar'e and im*ortant church that has been 'ien s*ecial ceremonial ri'hts by the Po*e. Chapel

is a reli'ious *lace o$  $ello#shi*+ *rayer and #orshi* that is attached to a lar'er+ o$ten nonreli'ious institution or that is considered an eHtension o$ a *rimary reli'ious institution. 7t may be *art o$ a lar'er structure or com*leH+ such as a colle'e+ hos*ital+ *alace+ *rison+ $uneral home+ church+ syna'o'ue or mosIue+ located on board a military or commercial shi*+ or it may be an entirely $ree8standin' buildin'+ sometimes #ith its o#n 'rounds. Many military installations hae cha*els $or the use o$ military *ersonnel+ normally under the leadershi* o$ a military cha*lain.

Cathedral

ri'inated $rom;rench cathdrales $rom Latin. cathedra+ seat $rom the %ree& &athedra ;=NOQ=F+ seat+ bench+ $rom &ata do#n R hedraseat+ base+ chairF is a /hristian church #hich contains the seat o$  a bisho*+ thus serin' as the central church o$  a diocese+ con$erence+ or e*isco*ate.

Collegiate Church

is a church #here the daily oce o$ #orshi* is maintained by a colle'e o$ canonsT a non8monastic or (secular) community o$ cler'y+ or'anied as a sel$8'oernin' cor*orate body+ #hich may be *resided oer by a dean or *roost. 7n its 'oernance and reli'ious obserance a colle'iate church is similar to a cathedral+ althou'h a colle'iate church is not the seat o$ a bisho* and has no diocesan res*onsibilities. /olle'iate churches #ere o$ten su**orted by eHtensie lands held by the church+ or by tithe income $rom a**ro*riated bene1ces. "hey commonly *roide distinct s*aces res*ectiely $or con're'ational #orshi*+ and $or the choir oces o$ their clerical community. Oratory

is a structure other than a *arish church+ set aside by ecclesiastical authority $or *rayer and the celebration o$ Mass. 7t is $or all intents and *ur*oses another #ord $or #hat is commonly called a cha*el+ eHce*t a $e# oratories are set u* $or the Diine ce and *rayers but not Mass.

Design consideration in designing Ecumenical Church God is im*ortant in the consideration o$ buildin' desi'ns $or /hristian #orshi* and ministry+ /hurches are *ublic structures associated #ith the actiities o$ the reli'ious communities that inhabit tem. 9hile architectural desi'n cannot+ in and o$ itsel$. Determine the $ull content o$ meanin' that a *erson receies #hen he or she encounters a church+ the desi'n can *roo&e associations based on *ast and *resent human *atterns o$ behaior.

Scale and Volume /hurch desi'n can be ascertained intuitiely and learned throu'h eH*lanation. "he physical features o$ enironments $or #orshi* can initiate certain $eelin' in those #ho occu*y the s*ace. or eHam*le+ one mi'ht $eel small and humble in a s*ace o$ 'reat hei'ht and olume. r one mi'ht sense (mystery) in a dimly lit s*ace. Décor  "he elaborations o$ sim*li1cation o$  the dcor and the or'aniation o$ the s*ace hae all been used throu'h arious desi'ns to hel* remind the #orshi*er o$ the nature o$  %od. Symbolic desi'ns and obGects o$  #orshi* are also added to su**ort the *ur*ose o$ the structure+ hel*s to $ocus the *erson more intentionally on less noticeable as*ects o$ %od as the obGect o$ #orshi*. 7$ a lon'+ narro#+ intentionally or'anied s*ace #ith a *rimary entrance at one end and a si'ni1cant $ocal

*oint at the other end such as an altar can be said to re*resent a Gourney in time and s*ace. Control of Light Li'ht can be controlled in a arious means. Diminished li'ht in a #orshi*s s*ace is more mysterious and su''estie o$ #onder+ encoura'es contem*lation o$ the diine. $ten the idea o$ %od-s transcendence is cou*led #ith limited li'ht. 7n contrast+ bri'ht #hite li'ht+ tends to em*hasie the immediate conteHt.

Space programming %uides the user to #orshi* and use dierent &inds o$ actiities that may be *er$ormed in the church. 7n eHam*le+ adoration room is usually *laced in $ront o$  the church so #hile the occu*ants may clearly see the church and may be encoura'e to meditate be$ore attendin' the mass.

Dierent spaces of ecumenical church

Narthe! "or #Vesti$ule#% A true nartheH is either an outside+ coered *orch8li&e structure or an inside area se*arated $rom the nae ;the body o$ the churchF by a screen+ but this #ord has come to mean entry or $oyer. ri'inally+ *enitents and /atechumens #ere con1ned to this area until their reconciliation #ith or initiation into the /hurch.F. Na&e e$errin' to the BraIue o$ Peter and UoahVs Ar&+ the #ord nae is deried $rom the Latin #ord $or shi*+ nais+ and has come to mean the area #here the *arishioners sit or stand ;*e#s are a ery late addition to the nae area+ and+ een today+ *arishioners stand durin' the litur'y in many 4astern /atholic and rthodoH /hurchesF. Crossing  "he *lace #here the nae+ chancel and transe*t intersect. "his area is o$ten domed. Transept  "he transerse arm o$ a cruci$orm church is called the transe*t. Because the litur'y is su**osed to be celebrated ad oriented ;$acin' 4astF+ the le$t side o$ the transe*t is called the Uorth transe*t and the ri'ht side o$ the transe*t is called the South transe*t. Sanctuary and Choir "Chancel%  "he #ord chancel comes $rom the #ord cancelli+ meanin' lattice #or&+ once used to rail o the choir+ #here the reli'ious #ould sit on lon' benches to sin' the res*onses at Mass and chant the Diine ce+ $rom the nae+ #here the *eo*le sit.

'pse As the term is commonly used in church architecture+ a*se denotes the o$ten domed+ semicircular or *oly'onal termination #here the altar is located. 'ltar  "he i'h Altar ;the main altarF is the *lace #here the 4ucharistic Sacri1ce is oered ;in a sin'le church+ there should be more than one AltarF. (ulpit  "he *odium on the le$t side o$ the church as you $ace the Altar ;the %os*el sideF+ $rom #here the %os*el is read ;and #hich is resered $or cler'yF. Uot all churches hae both a lectern ;see belo#F and a *ul*itT some Gust hae one sin'le s*ea&erVs *odium called an ambo. Lectern  "he ri'ht side o$ the church as you $ace the Altar ;the 4*istle sideF $rom #here the 4*istles are read ;and #hich can be used by lay8*eo*leF. Uot all churches hae both a lectern and a *ul*it ;see aboeFT some Gust hae one sin'le s*ea&erVs *odium called an ambo. 'm$ulatory An ambulatory is basically a sort o$ #al&#ay #hich can be either inside or outside o$ a structure. 7n %othic architecture+ ambulatories o$ten had *roGectin' cha*els and #ere es*ecially common around the a*se. Sacristy "or #Vestry#%  "he Sacristy is #here sacred estments+ litur'ical essels+ etc.+ are stored. 9hen the sacristy is behind the chancel and has t#o entrances+ the *riests enter on the %os*el side and eHit throu'h the 4*istle side door. Dierent trends in ecumenical church design Desi'nin' an 4cumenical church is mainly *ersonal on ho# the architect deal #ith hisW her relationshi* #ith %od and on ho# it #ill be a**lied on the church. As an eHam*les this is an article about modern 4cumenical church in #hich the architect a**lied hisWher *ersonal relationshi* bet#een %od.

Bun&er Architecture is a MeHico /ity8based 1rm $ounded by 4steban Suare in 200!. eli'ious buildin's today are li&e a s*ecies in dan'er o$ eHtinction+ says Suare. e#er ne# reli'ious buildin's are bein' built as the church loses $ollo#ers. Xes+ to his sur*rise+ the 1rm has com*leted three reli'ious commissions in the *ast Y years includin'+ most recently+ a *riate 4cumenical /ha*el in /uernaaca+ MeHico. 9hen desi'nin' a cha*el you hae more liberty than #hen you desi'n a church+ says Suare+ citin' t#o *rimary reasons. irst+ cha*els are normally smaller buildin's that need only accommodate a $e# *eo*le. Second+ the ceremonies are sim*ler. Uormally you only reIuire an altar and a s*ace $or seatin'+ he says. /hurches hae a much more com*leH *ro'ram and hae to satis$y a lot o$ necessities. or the /uernaaca commission+ 9e #ere 'ien a lot o$ $reedom in terms o$ desi'nT #e could say almost carte blanche+ says Suare. "his has bene1tted reli'ion in the sense that *eo*le #ant to use the s*ace because it isually attracts and stimulates them. "hey search and isit these *articular s*aces because o$ their desi'n+ not only out o$ Zs*iritual[ necessity.