Desi Retnowati_Skripsi_IPB.pdf

DFDK@U@U B@FA\OD JDF AC@U@AFU@ I\GDF@UDU@ XAFGAKIKD _DBDZ MAFGGQFDBDF XAFJABDZDF @FJABU _DBDZ FDU@IFDK (@_F) JDF  JDZD  AFSAKIXMAFZ  AFSAKIXMAFZ DFDKPU@U DFDKPU@U (JAD) UZQJ@ BDUQU X\IS@FU@ ODML@

JAU@ \AZFIWDZ@

XA\FPDZDDF MAFGAFD@ UB\@XU@ JDF UQMLA\ @FCI\MDU@ UA\ZD XAK@MXDNDF NDB E@XZD* Jafgdf `f` sdyd mafydtdbdf ldnwd sbr`ps` laroujuk Dfdk`s`s B`farod jdf Ac`s`afs` Irgdf`sds` Xafgakikd _dbdt makdku` Xafjabdtdf @fjabs _dbdt Fds`ifdk (@_F) jdf  Jdtd Afvakipmaft Dfdkys`s  (JAD) Utuj` Bdsus IX_ Xriv`fs` Odml` djdkdn lafdr bdryd sdyd jafgdf drdndf jdr` bim`s` paml`ml`fg jdf lakum j`doubdf jdkdm laftub dpd puf bapdjd pargurudf t`fgg` mdfd puf. Uumlar `fcirmds` ydfg lardsdk dtdu j`but`p jdr` bdryd ydfg j`tarl`tbdf mdupuf t`jdb j`tarl`tbdf jdr` pafuk`s kd`f takdn j`salutbdf jdkdm tabs jdf j`edftumbdf jdkdm Jdctdr Xustdbd j` ldg`df dbn`r sbr`ps` `f`. Jafgdf `f` sdyd mak`mpdnbdf ndb e`ptd jdr` bdryd tuk`s sdyd bapdjd @fst`tut Xartdf`df Ligir. Ligir, Ouk`

DLUZ\DB JAU@ \AZFIWDZ@. Dfdk`s`s B`farod jdf Ac`s`afs` Irgdf`sds` Xafgakikd _dbdt makdku` Xafjabdtdf @fjabs _dbdt Fds`ifdk (@_F) jdf  Jdtd Afvakipmaft Dfdkys`s (JAD) Utuj` Bdsus Xriv`fs` Odml`. O dml`. J`l`ml`fg ikan \DFZ@ W@K@DU@N. _dbdt marupdbdf rubuf @skdm bat`gd jdf mam`k`b` jdmpdb sis`dk abifim`. Xdjd prdbt`bfyd Irgdf`sds` Xafgakikd _dbdt (IX_) mam`k`b` batarldtdsdf jdkdm bakamldgddf mdupuf dspab mdfdoar`dk. Xafak`t`df `f` lartuoudf uftub mafgdfdk`s`s b`farod jdf ac`s`afs` IX_ j` Xriv`fs` Odml`. Xafak`t`df `f` mafgubur b`farod IX_ makdku` `fj`bdtir bakamldgddf @fjabs _dbdt Fds`ifdk (@_F) jdf ac`s`afs` IX_ makdku` matija  Jdtd Afvakipmaft Afvakipmaft Dfdkys`s  (JAD). Udmpak ydfg j`gufdbdf jdkdm pafak`t`df `f` djdkdn LD_FDU Xriv`fs` Odml` jdf KD_ \U@M. Larjdsdrbdf nds`k dfdk`s`s b`farod KD_ \U@M mamparikan f`kd` `fjabs salasdr 8.35, jdf LD_FDU Xriv`fs` Odml` mamparikan f`kd` `fjabs salasdr 8.:: ydfg mafggdmldrbdf b`farod IX_ tar gikifg gikifg ‛Eubup Ld`b”. Larjdsdrbdf dfdk`s`s ac`s`afs`, KD_ \U@M takdn mafedpd` t`fgbdt ac`s`afs` mdbs`mdk ydbf` 488%. LD_FDU Xriv`fs` Odml` mafedpd` ac`s`afs` salasdr 13.4%. Ac`s`afs` rdtd-rdtd IX_ djdkdn 7>.4%. Bdtd bufe`? `fjabs zdbdt fds`ifdk (@_F), jdtd afvakipmaft dfdkys`s  (JAD), b`farod, ac`s`afs`

DFDK@U@U B@FA\OD JDF AC@U@AFU@ I\GDF@UDU@ XAFGAKIKD _DBDZ MAFGGQFDBDF XAFJABDZDF @FJABU _DBDZ FDU@IFDK (@_F) JDF JDZD  AFSAKIXMAFZ  AFSAKIXMAFZ DFDKPU@U DFDKPU@U (JAD) UZQJ@ BDUQU X\IS@FU@ ODML@

JAU@ \AZFIWDZ@

X\DBDZD

Xuo` jdf syubur pafuk`s pdfodtbdf bapdjd Dkkdn UWZ dtds sagdkd rdnmdt jdf bdruf`d-Fyd san`fggd pafuk`s jdpdt mafyakas`bdf sbr`ps` jafgdf oujuk ‛Dfdk`s`s B`farod jdf Ac`s`afs` Irgdf`sds` Xafgakikd _dbdt makdku` Xafjabdtdf @fjabs _dbdt Fds`ifdk (@_F) jdf  Jdtd Afvakipmaft Dfdkys`s Dfdkys`s (JAD) Utuj` Bdsus IX_ Xriv`fs` Odml`”. Xafuk`s mafydjdr` jdkdm prisas pafyusufdf sbr`ps` tarjdpdt lafydb baburdfgdf mafg`fgdt bamdmpudf jdf pafgatdnudf pafuk`s. Fdmuf, pdjd dbn`rfyd pafak`t`df `f` jdpdt pafuk`s sakasd`bdf dtds ldftudf jid, jubufgdf ,l`ml`fgdf jdr` larldgd` p`ndb. Zar`md bds`n pafuk`s uedpbdf bapdjd ? 4. Dkkdn UWZ dtds rdnmdt jdf bdruf`d-Fyd.

@fjabs _dbdt Fds`ifdk

0

Udrdf JDCZD\ XQUZDBD

5: 51

JDCZD\ ZDLAK 4 < 5 : 1 3 7 > 0 48

Sdr`dlak @fput jdf Iutput Sdr`dlak jdkdm Ac`s`afs` Sdr`dlak jdkdm Mijak Dkibds` L`dyd Gdo` jdf Zufodfgdf Xafguburdf Sdr`dlak Sdr`dlak b`farod Bakamldgddf LD_FDU LD_FDU Xriv`fs` Odml` Xafguburdf Sdr`dlak b`farod Bakamldgddf KD_ \U@M-JJ @fjabs B`farod Bakamldgddf Nds`k Xafguburdf Ac`s`afs` IX_ Uumlar @fac`s`afs` Xafydkurdf LD_FDU Xriv`fs` Odml` L`dyd Uis`dk`sds` jdf Xrimis`

4< 43 40