Descripcion Agronomica

 

LGXHZOVHODK AEZDKD@OHA 1. Hcas Hcason onha haho hoøk øk tax taxdk dkø` ø`oh oha a Ca `dra lg hascca sg hcasonha taxdkø`oha`gktg aso=

ZGOKD HCAXG XWJHCAXG DZLGK NA@OCOA EGKGZD GXVGHOG KD@JZG HOGK\ONOHD Y HO\A\ODK Vgr11 Sc ?::> P

^gegtac Akeodspgr`a Lyhdcgldkga Zdsag Zdsahgag Zujus Zujus ecauhus Zujus ecauhus Jgktb

:. Lg Lgshr shrop opho hoøk øk lg lgcc huc hucv vd d Gs uk hucvd pgrgkkg qug hugkta hdk cas soeuogktgs harahtgràshas=

Actura dp`a

\g`pgratura dp`a Bu`glal rgcava dp`a Vrghopotahodkgs akuacgs

Cuz sdcar Vrdpaeahoøk Hdklohodkgs gladcøeohas

Lgksolal lg sog`jra

1266 ‘ :66 `.s.k.`. Y HO\A\ODK Nra?2 Sc ?::> P 11¶H ‘ 12¶H Y HO\A\ODK Zdl17 Sc ?::> P 56 ‘ 26% para gvotar gc lgsarrdccd lg gkgr`glalgs Y HO\A\ODK Vgr11 Sc ?::> P Gktrg 1766 y :766 ``, hdokhologkld cas ïpdhas lg `gkds ccuvoa hdk cas prdluhhodkgs `ás actas Y HO\A\ODK Nra?2 Sc ?::> P Zgquogrg lg 1:66 a 1>66 bdras cuz pdr añd Vdr sg`occa (prdpaeahoøk sgxuac) d pdr ahdld/gstaha (prdpaeahoøk asgxuac) Gc hucvd sg alapta a uka a`pcoa ea`a lg sugcds, sog`prg y huakld sg gkhugktrgk jogk lrgkalds pgrd hdk jugk hdktgkold lg bu`glal. Lg oeuac dr`a, sg lgsarrdcca alghuala`gktg gk sugcds hdk actd hdktgkold lg `atgra dreákoha y arhoccas Y HO\A\ODK Xdr6> Sc ?::> P. Gc pB varàa gktrg 7.7 y >.7Y HO\A\ODK Zgo?2 Sc ?::> P. Xugcg jusharsg uka lgksolal lg :766 pcaktas pdr bghtárga, gstd hdk lostakhoas lg 1.7 ` x :.7 `, : ` x : ` y : ` x :.7 ` Y HO\A\ODK Zgo?2 Sc ?::> P.

 

Gtapas lg lgsarrdccd

\utdrald

Gc hucvd hd`prgklg trgs (8) gtapas= 1. Djtgkh Djtgkhoøk oøk lg kugv kugvas as p pcak caktas tas pdr gc `ïtdld lg prdpaeahoøk sgcghhodkald (16-86 làas). :. Ndr`ah Ndr`ahoøk oøk y lgsa lgsarrd rrdcc ccd d vgegta vgegtavd vd (6 làas). 8. Vrdluh Vrdluhhoø hoøk k lg rut rutds, ds, cca a hua huacc okoho okohoa a a cds 2 `gsgs lgspuïs lg traspcaktg. Ac sgr uka pcakta lg pdrtg rastrgrd, rgquogrg lg uk sostg`a tutdr qug pgr`ota gc hdrrghtd lgsarrdccd lgc hucvd y ahocotg cas cajdrgs hucturacgs y lg rghdcghhoøk. Gc pd lg tutdrald `ás hd`ýk gs gc lg gspaclgra, qug okhcuyg `ýcpcgs varoahodkgs Y HO\A\ODK Has65 Sc ?::> P= 

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Gk càkga= Xg hdkstuyg hdk uk ýkohd sdpdrtg pdr bocgra lg hucvd. Gc `atgroac puglg sgr `algra, V^H, tujds, gth. Gk càkga sgkhocca= Xg rgacoza hdk pdstgs gktgrralds gk cds gxtrg`ds lg cds surhds y hdk càkgas lg aca`jrgs, huyd ký`grd varàa gk ukhoøk lg cas prggrgkhoas lgc prdluhtdr y lgc gstald lg lgsarrdccd lg cas pcaktas. Gk càkga ldjcg= Cas ra`as sg ujohak gk `glod lg lds càkgas lg aca`jrgs ujohalas sdjrg pdstgs gktgrralds. Cds ýc`ds hugktak hdk uk gcg`gktd gk dr`a lg \, gc

huac sg gkharea lg sdstgkgr cds aca`jrgs hdrrgspdklogktgs. Gk hualrd= Xg hdkdr`a lg pdstgs oklovoluacgs qug dr`ak uka hama lg jasg hualrala d rghtakeucar. Xdk lg erak o`pdrtakhoa tgkogkld gk hugkta qug cas pcaktas rgquogrgk lg uka aorgahoøk alghuala y lg uka gstruhtura nsodcøeoha apta para ca rghdcghhoøk lg cds rutds. Lg ahugrld a Nrakhd y Eoracld (1??2), cas cajdrgs lg pdla sg sujlovolgk gk= 

Vdlas

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Lg dr`ahoøk= Gs ca gkhareala lg lar dr`a a ca pcakta. Gco`oka

 

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ra`as y taccds sghds, lakld pasd a kugvds jrdtgs. Lg `aktgko`ogktd y/d prdluhhoøk= Gco`okahoøk lg ra`as o`prdluhvas y lostrojuhoøk alghuala para ca rghgphoøk lg cuz sdcar.

Lg rgkdvahoøk= Vuglg sgr tdtac d parhoac, gk rgspugsta ac gstald lgc hucvd y a cas kghgsolalgs lgc `os`d. Gkgr kgr`g `gla lalg lgss hd` hd`d dj jd dtr try yss (p (pulro lrohoøk hoøk lg rutd), aktrahkdsos y losktds pds lg bdkeds. Vcaeas hd`d trops, ánlds y jarrgkaldrgs Y HO\A\ODK Zdl17 Sc ?::> P. Xg gs`a uk g`pd lg vola ýc lg gktrg 1: y 17 añds, lgpgklogkld lgc `akgmd lgc hucvd. Cd aktgrodr tgkogkld gk hugkta cds rgklo`ogktds arrdmalds pdr gc `os`d Y HO\A\ODK Vgr11 Sc ?::> P. 

Vrdj Vrdjccg`as g`as sako akota taro rods ds `ás `ás hd hd`u `uk kgs

\og`pd lg rgk gkd dvaho hoø øk lgc hucvd

Vuglgk gkhdktrarsg hucvds lg basta :6 añds, hdk gc hdklohodkaktg lg rgklo`ogktds `uhbd okgrodrgs.

8. Lg Lgshr shrop opho hoøk øk lg lgcc r rut utd d Gc rutd sg hdkdr`a pdr lo`okutas lrupas ukolas a uk rghgptáhucd harkdsd, su hdcdr varàa gktrg rdmd y kgerd jroccaktg lg ahugrld a su lgsarrdccd, ca hdksostgkhoa gs lura y su sajdr gs aeroluchg huakld gstá grka, y luchg huakld gstá `alura Y HO\A\ODK @ar65 Sc ?::> P.

Gc hdktgkold kutrohodkac para 166 er lg rutds lg `dra gs=

Hacdràas Bu`glal Azýhar tdtac Azurg Erasa Vrdtgàkas Hachod Bogrrd Ndsdrd Hdjrg Xdlod

.> `e 6.18 `e 1>.6 `e

 

Vdtasod @aekgsod Hgkozas ^ota`oka A ^ota`oka H Y HO\A\ODK Zgo?2 Sc ?::> P

15.5 `e :5.6 `e 6.7 er 6.17 `e 17.6 `e

P. P . Lg dr`a `uy egkgrac, gstds pgrodlds sdk= Lg yg`a a jdtøk drac= Lg okoho hod d lg draho hoø øk a apgr grttura lg dr= Lg apgrtura lg dr a pdcokozahoøk= Lg pdcokozahoøk a dr`ahoøk lg rutd= Lg dr`ahoøk lg rutd a hdsghba= \dtac 26 làas

> làas :8 làas 7 làas 2 làas P. Ca hdsghba sg rgacoza gktrg ?-11 sg`akas lgspuïs lgc bokhba`ogktd lg cas yg`as, hdk uk hohcd lg prdluhhoøk lg :-8 `gsgs g oktgrvacds lg hdsghba gktrg > y 2 làas gk pohd lg prdluhhoøk Y HO\A\ODK @ar65 Sc ?::> P. Gc àklohg lg `alurgz ucozald pdr cds prdluhtdrgs lg `dra gs gc hdcdr lg cds rutds. Gsta gshaca lg tdkd gs lgnkola pdr ca kdr`a K\H , ldklg sg gspghonha qug gc gstald olgac lg rghdcghhoøk sg gkhugktra gktrg cds rutds < y 7 ya gstajcgholds Y HO\A\ODK OHD?51 Sc ?::> P.

Gc lgsprgklo`ogktd lg cds rutds sg rgacoza lg dr`a `akuac, g`pcgakld gk ca `aydràa lg cds hasds euaktgs lg hauhbd Y HO\A\ODK Ear1: Sc ?::> P. Cuged lg rghdcghtala, rg hdcghtala, ca ruta gs hdcdhala gk

 

uk hakastd d hdhd hagtgrd, para pdstgrodr`gktg trasvasarsg a cds g`paqugs lg hd`grhoacozahoøk (Hakasccas pcáshas d hamas lg `algra).

7. @akg @akgmd md pd pdsh shds dsgh ghba ba Gc `akgmd alghuald `gloaktg ca apcohahoøk lg dpgrahodkgs lg ahdklohodka`ogktd (sgcghhoøk, hcasonhahoøk, co`pogza, g`paqug y ac`ahgka`ogktd), avdrghg ca prgsgktahoøk lg cds rutds9 bahoïkldca `ás atrahva ac hdksu`oldr y hdktrojuygkld ac `aktgko`ogktd lg ca hacolal pdr `aydr g`pdY HO\A\ODK Ear1: Sc ?::> P. 7.1. Vrggkroa`ogktd Xg gkgklg pdr prggkroald ac prdhgsd `gloaktg gc huac sg rgluhg rápola`gktg ca tg`pgratura «lg ha`pd¹ lgc prdluhtd hdsghbald y gs uka ahvolal prgvoa a su ac`ahgka`ogktd d trakspdrtg. Gs ajsdcuta`gktg kghgsarod para `aktgkgr ca hacolal y dr`a partg lg ca –halgka lg ràd‐ para `axo`ozar ca vola pdshdsghba lgc prdluhtd Y HO\A\ODK Cdp68 Sc ?::> P. Xg hdksolgra uka cajdr hd`pcg`gktaroa ac ac`ahgka`ogktd rgroegrald lald qug rgluhg ca tg`pgratura y gvota ca pgrlola lg gkgreàa gkgre àa okkghgsaroa lg gkroa`ogktd. Gc `ïtdld pdr aorg drzald gs gc `ás rghd`gklajcg para rutds lg `dra, tgkogkld gk hugkta qug gs uk prdluhtd acta`gktg pgrghglgrd y qug rgquogrg lg umd lg aorg hdk actd hdktgkold lg bu`glal (?6-?7%) Y HO\A\ODK @dk11 Sc ?::> P. P . Gk gstg hasd, sg ugrza gc aorg a pasar a travïs lg cds rutds hdk ca ayula lg uk gxtrahtdr lg aorg. 7.:.Xgcghhoøk Gsta dpgrahoøk jusha djtgkgr uka `dra saka, gktgra, lg hdksostgkhoa lura y nr`g9 rgrakld tdlas aqugccas rutas qug prgsgktgk ataqugs lg pcaeas y gkgr`glalgs qug puglak hdkta`okar cas lg`ás rutas d qug aceýk pd lg lañd qug o`pola su hd`grhoacozahoøk Y HO\A\ODK Ear61 Sc ?::> P. Xg rghd`ogkla qug gstg prdhgsd sga ccgvald a hajd luraktg ca rghdcghhoøk, para asà gvotar gc lañd `ghákohd egkgrald pdr cds `ýcpcgs trasvasgs rgacozalds Y HO\A\ODK Ear1: Sc ?::> P.

7.8. Hcasonhahoøk Ca kdr`a K\H gstajcghg trgs hatgedràas lg hcasonhahoøk, cas huacgs kd gkgk gk hugkta ta`añd ko gstald lg `alurgz Y HO\A\ODK OHD?51 Sc ?::> P. Cas hatgedràas sdk= 

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Hatgedràa gxtra= Gc rutd lgjg gstar gxgktd lg tdld lgghtd y hu`pcor hdk cds rgquosotds `àko`ds gxpugstds pdr ca kdr`a. Hatgedràa pro`gra (O)= Xg ahgpta qug gc rutd prgsgktg lgdr`ahodkgs gk gc ápohg pgrd lgjg hu`pcor hdk cds rgquosotds `àko`ds gxpugstds pdr ca kdr`a.

 

Hatgedràa sgeukla (OO)= Xg ahgpta qug gc rutd prgsgktg lgdr`ahodkgs gk gc ápohg y ausgkhoa lg hácoz, pgrd lgjg hu`pcor hdk cds rgquosotds `àko`ds gxpugstds pdr ca kdr`a.

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Vdr dtra partg, sgeýk Eacvos & Bgrrgra (1??7) sg gkgk trgs hcasonhahodkgs alohodkacgs pdr hacojrg= 

Hacolal gxtra= Cdkeotul `aydr a 8.7 hgk`gtrds.

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Hacolal pro`gra d gspghoac= Cdkeotul gktrg :.: y 8.7 hgk`gtrds.

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Hacolal sgeukla d hdrrogktg= Cdkeotul `gkdr lg :.: hgk`gtrds y loá`gtrd `gkdr a 1.7 hgk`gtrds.

Alohodkac`gktg, puglgk hdksolgrarsg dtrds pará`gtrds lg hcasonhahoøk (Hdcdr, aparogkhoa, tgxtura, gth.) tgkogkld gk hugkta cds oktgrgsgs lgc hdksu`oldr y/d hd`praldr. 7. P. Vara gc hasd lgc hucvd lg `dra, ca co`pogza sg rg rgacoza acoza luraktg gc trasvasg d hcasonhahoøk lg dr`a `akuac, `gloaktg ca gxtrahhoøk lg o`purgzas vosojcgs ac rghdcghtdr (bdmas, taccds, rgsoluds, gth.). 7.7.G`paqug Gs gc rghopogktg qug pgr`otg uk `akgmd gnhogktg lg cds rutds, prdtgeg lg lañd sohd y jodcøeohd, ahocota gc trakspdrtg y/d ac`ahgka`ogktd y `gmdra ca prgsgktahoøk lgc prdluhtd ac hdksu`oldr Y HO\A\ODK Nra?2 Sc ?::> P. Gstg lgjg hu`pcor hdk hogrtas harahtgràshas para su hdrrghtd ukhodka`ogktd, cas huacgs sg gstajcghgk lg ahugrld a cas hdklohodkgs lg cds rutds a hdktgkgr. Wsuac`gktg, sg g`pcgak hamas lg `algra d hakasccas pcáshas. 7.>. Ac`ahgka`ogktd Gc ac`ahgka`ogktd lg prdluhtds rgshds jusha prdcdkear ca vola ýc y asgeurar uka dgrta hdkstaktg hdk gc nk lg rgluhor ca dshocahoøk lg cds prghods. Gc djmgvd hgktrac lg ac`ahgkar hdksostg gk rgtrasar ca lgeralahoøk lg cds rutds dhasodkala pdr ca ahhoøk lg prdhgsds nsodcøeohds (rgsporahoøk y traksporahoøk) a travïs lgc hdktrdc h dktrdc lg tg`pgraturas, bu`glal rgcava y hdkhgktrahoøk lg easgs Y HO\A\ODK Ear1: Sc ?::> P. Xu gnhogkhoa sg lgtgr`oka pdr gc g`pd qug puglg `aktgkgrsg ca hacolal lgc prdluhtd. Vara gc hasd lgc hucvd lg `dra, sg rghd`ogkla rg hd`ogkla ac`ahgkar gk ukhoøk lgc gstald lg `alurgz y tgkgr uka alghuala hd`jokahoøk lg tg`pgratura y bu`glal rgcava9 lg dr`a qug pugla hdksgrvarsg ca hdsghba gc `aydr g`pd pdsojcg. Ca rghd`gklahoøk para ac`ahgka`ogktd lg `dra gs lg 6 a 7¶H y uka bu`glal rgcava gktrg 27 y ?7% Y HO\A\ODK Ear61 Sc ?::> P.

 

@AKGMD AH\WAC HDXGHBA @akopucahoøk gxhgsova rutds Zghopogktgs okalghualds Zghdrrolds lgktrd lgc cdtg Lañd `ghakohd pdr trasvasg lg rutds

1. Acos Acosta ta`o `ogk gktd td Vara ca hdsghba sg g`pcgak rghopogktgs pcáshds hdkdholds hd`d –hdhds hagtgrds‐, cds huacgs sdk amustalds a ca hoktura lgc rghdcghtdr `gloaktg uk hokturøk gk tgca d hajuya. h ajuya. Alohodkac`gktg, sg g`pcgak gcg`gktds lg prdtghhoøk hd`d edrra, euaktgs, jdtas lg hauhbd y ha`osa lg `akea carea para gvotar cgsodkgs supgrnhoacgs egkgralas pdr cas gspokas lg cas pcaktas. :. Zgh ghd dcghh hhooøk Ca rghdcghhoøk lg cds rutds sg rgacoza gk dr`a `akuac, g`pcgakld cds lglds àklohg y pucear. Xg hdsghbak okohoac`gktg cds rutds qug sg gkhugktrak gk ca zdka hgktrac lg ca pcakta lgjold a su áhoc ahhgsojocolal, para cuged gxtgklgr gc hugrpd y/d ca `akd bahoa cds rutds gk ca partg gxtgrka. Cds rutds sdk hdcdhalds gk gc hdhd y kd sg gstajcghg g stajcghg uka hapaholal `áxo`a lg ccgkald lgc `os`d. 8. Lgspca Lgspcaza` za`ogk ogktds tds lgk lgktrd trd lgc cdt cdtg g Gc rghdcghtdr sg lgspcaza a cd cared lg cds surhds rgacozakld rg acozakld ca hdsghba rgspghva basta qug hdksolgra qug lgjg vahoar gc hdhd. Gk gsg hasd, sg lgspcaza a uk puktd gk gc cdtg sgcghhodkald prgvoa`gktg, y rgacoza gc trasvasg hdrrgspdklogktg. Ac nkacozar ca cajdr, sg lgspcaza hdk cas hamas d hakasccas sdjrg sus bd`jrds ac puktd lg ahdpod pro`arod. y 1: ie, lg ahugrld ac haráhtgr sujmgvd lgc aerohuctdr. Wka vgs o`pcg` o`pcg`kta ktald ld ca ucoza ucozahoø hoøk k lg cds euak euaktgs tgs sg bar bara a uk pdhd okhd`d okhd`dla la ca rghdcghhoøk lgc rutd pdr gsd sg prdpdkg o`pcg`gktar ca ucozahoøk lg uka mgra para hdrtar gc pglýkhucd y kd qug gstg sga sgparald lorghta`gktg, 1.5 Egk Egkgrac grac`gk `gktg tg gk ca rghdcgh rghdcghhoø hoøk k lg ru rutds tds sg ucoza ucozak k hdh hdhds ds hagtgr hagtgrg, g, d rghopog rghopogktg ktgss rgucozalds, gstds sg lgjgk cava a loarod aktgs lg g`pgzar huacquogr ahvolal, sg lgjgk lgsokght lgsokghtar ar uka vgz pdr sg`aka y su ac`ahgka`ogktd ac`ahgka`ogktd lgjg rgac rgacozarhg ozarhg gk uk cuea prggrojcg`ktg hdk jugka aorgahoøk para los`okuor gc rogsed lg hrgho`ogktd lg bdkeds lgktrd lg ca supgrnhog lg cds rghopogktgs. 1.2 Ca ucoza ucozahoøk hoøk lg hakasccas hakasccas para ca rghdcghhoøk rghdcghhoøk lg `dra gs uka prahha pdhd pdhd hd`ýk pgrd gs kgsasaroa, gstas sg lgjgk cavar y lgsokghtar tdlds cds làas ac nkacozar hala ahvolal y sg lgjg lgmar gk uk cuear gk ldklg sg puglg sghar tac vgz sga gk gc hgktrd lg ahdpod gkho`a lg aceuka gsva rghujogrta lg pcashd :. Zghgph Zghgphoøk oøk lg cca a `dr `dra a gk gc hgktrd hgktrd lg lg ahdpod ahdpod :.1 Gk tdld hucvd sg lgjg prdpdrhodkar uk gspahod alghuald y sacujrg para lgsarrdccar cas ahvolalgs hd`d cd sdk, pgsar ca ruta, sgcghhodkarca, hcasonharca y g`paharca, gstg sod lgjg sgr hujogrtd hdk uk gspahod alghuald y gk cd pdsojcg hdk jastaktg vgkcahoøk. :.: Ca ujohahoøk lg gsta lgjg sgr uk cuear lg áhoc ahhgsd taktd para cds trajamaldrgs qug ccgvak ca ruta rghdcghtala hd`d para gc vgbàhucd gkhareald lg trakspdrtar ca ruta.

 

:.8 Lgjg hdktar hdktar ta`jo ta`joïk ïk hdk `gsdkgs `gsdkgs gk cd pdsojcg pdsojcg rghujog rghujogrtd rtd hdk aceýk aceýk pd lg prdtghhoøk qug sg pugla co`poar áhoc`gktg, sg rghd`ogkla pdr hd`dlolal y ghdkd`àa `gsdkgs lg `algra rghujogrta hdk pcáshd, gstg sg lgjg ha`joar pgroøloha`gktg. :.< Gstds `gsdkgs lgjgk sgr lg uka actura alghuala ahocotakld cas cajdrgs y ayulakld a ca hd`dlolal lg quogkgs cds ucozak, sg rghd`ogkla uka actura aprdxo`ala lg 1.66 ` ba 1.86 `. :.7 Cds okstr okstru`gktd u`gktdss ucozalds ucozalds para cas cajdrgs cajdrgs lg pgsald lg ca ruta lgj lgjgk gk sgr lg ahgrd okdxolajcg y sg lgjgk boeogkozar hala vgz qug sg vacca a rgacozar ca ahvolal. :.> Var Vara a gsta gsta ah ahvol volal al gs kghgsa kghgsarod rod ca uc ucoza ozahoø hoøk k lg eua euaktg ktgss lg hau hauhbd hbd prgvoa`g prgvoa`gktg ktg cavald y lgsokghtads para gvotar ca `akopucahoøk. :. :.5 5 Wk Wka a vg vgzz gc rghd rghdcg cghtd htdrr ccgv ccgvg g ca `dra `dra ac hgktrd hgktrd lg ahdpod ahdpod sg pr prdh dhgl glg g a ap apoc ocar ar cas cas hakasccas sdjrg gsvas qug gstïk prdtgeolas pdr pcáshds gk pocas `áxo`d lg 7 hakasccas 8. Xg Xgcg cghh hhoø oøk k y hcas hcason onha haho hoøk øk Ca sgcghhoøk lg ca ruta gs uk prdhgsd pdr gc g c huac sg lgsharta gc prdluhtd hdkta`okald d lañald jogk sga pdr aceuka lgnhogkhoa `drdcøeoha d pdr aceýk pd lg oklovolud qug atahd ca ruta lgmákldca hdk uka prgsgktahoøk pdjrg y pdhd aeralajcg a ca vosta, gstg prdhgsd gs o`pdrta ya qug lgtgr`oka ca hacolal lg ca ruta qug sg gstá g stá gktrgeakld ac hdksu`oldr 8.1 ca sgcghhoøk sg lgjg rgaco rgacozar zar ucozakld euaktgs lg kotrocd, gk cd pdsojcg kugvds d lg pdhas rgucozahodkgs. 8.: sg lgjg pdrtar uk l lgcaktac gcaktac lg prggrgkhoa lg pc pcáshd áshd gscd gc qug sg ucoza para cas cajdrgs lg hdrtg lg harkg d aceukd so`ocar qug sga lg áhoc cavald 8.8 cas rutas qug b bak ak sold sgcghhodkalas hd`d kd aptas para para ca lostrojuhoøk sg lgjgk sgparar gk hdktgkgldrgs lg prggrgkhoa hdk tapa gk pro`gra okstakhoa sg lgjgk ac`ahgkar gk jdcsas pcáshas para ca jasura y cuged gk gc hdktgkgldr hdk tapa para gvotar hdkta`okahoøk 8.< pdstgrodr`gktg sg tgkea ca ru ruta ta lgsghbala sg lgjg rgrar lgc lgc hucvd so sg va a ucozar para aceuka ahvolal lg hd`pdstamg d para aco`gktar ako`acgs lg prggrgkhoa qug sg baea cd `ás cgmds lgc hucvd pdsojcg. 8.7 Gk pgrodlds lg erakl eraklgs gs prdluhhodkgs ac sgr sgr gsta ahvolal rgpgvas gs o`pdrtaktg `aktgkgr ca sacul lgc trajamaldr pdr cd huac sg rghd`ogkla rgacozar pausas ahvas. Ca hcasonhahoøk lg ca `dra sg bahg pdr hacolalgs qug gk prokhopod sg lgtgr`oka pdr gc hdcdr y gc ta`añd lg ca ruta 8.> Vara gc prdhgsd lg haco haconhahoøk nhahoøk sg lgjgk hdktar hdk ukas tajcas lg hdcdr okstacalas gk aceýk cuear vosojcg lgktrd lgc hgktrd lg ahdpod. 8.5 Gk gc `d`gktd gk qug sg hcasonqug ca ca `dra sg puglg hdktar hdk uka gshaca lg ta`añds gk cas huacgs sg lgtgr`okg gc ta`añd, ca bahgr gsta logrgkhoahoøk sg puglg drghgr ac hdksu`oldr uk prdluhtd lg hacolal y hdk uk vacdr aergeald.

 

, lg bp=//blc.baklcg.kgt/118, lg Zgpdsotdrod okstuhodkac Wkovgrsolal Kahodkac= bp=//www.jloeotac.ukac.glu.hd/277:/1/:2::1>:.:61:.pl  bp=//www.jloeotac.ukac.glu.hd/277:/1/:2::1>:.:61:.pl  Earhoa, @. H., & Earhoa, B. Z. (:661). @akgmd hdsghba y pdsthdsghba lg `dra, cucd y td`atg lg

árjdc. Jdedtá= HDZVDOHA. Zghupgrald gc :? lg Aedstd lg :61>

 

OHDK\GH, @okostgrod lg aerohuctura y lgsarrdccd rurac, Nglgrahodk Kahodkac lg Hagtgrds. (Ajroc lg 1??5). Kdr`a tghkoha hdcd`joaka K\H . Nrutas rgshas. @dra lg hascca. Gspghonhahodkgs, 7. Jdedtá, Hdcd`joa= OHDK\GH. Zghupgrald gc :? lg Aedstd lg :61> Cdpgz H., A. N. (:668). @akuac para ca prgparahoøk y vgkta lg rutas y bdrtacozas. Lgc ha`pd ac `grhald.  (D. l. Aco`gktahodk, Gl.) Zghupgrald gc :? lg Aedstd lg :61>, lg Lgpdsotd lg ldhu`gktds lg ca NAD. Jdcgk lg sgrvohods aerohdcas lg ca NAD= bp=//www.ad.dre/ldhrgp/66>/_, lg bps=//jddis.eddecg.hd`.hd/jddis4 ol0G86zAQAA@AAM&pe0VV1`@uDAb^BCJAGOZ\AB#v0dkgpaeg&q0prggkroa`ogktd%:6lg %:6`dra&0acsg Vgrgz @., W. A. (:611). G^ACWAHOØK LG WK XOX\G@A VAZA CA @OHDZZO]AHOØK ok votrd GK VCAK\AX LG @DZA LG HAX\OCCA (Zujus ecauhus). Zghupgrald gc :5 lg Mucod lg :61>, lg Zgpdsotdrod Okstuhodkac - Vdknhoa Wkovgrsolal Mavgroaka Jdedta= bp=//rgpdsotdry.mavgroaka.glu.hd/jotstrga`/1677, lg Jojcodtgha Loeotac Aerdkgt= bp=//jojcodtghaloeotac.aerdkgt.edv.hd/mspuo/jotstrga`/118, lg bp=//www.shogcd.dre.hd/pl/aeh/v: