Descentralismo-Economico Completo

 

_AC^O][CLBL YO]_BAB DH[ BALO[ NBK_D\BL LO CAFOACO]CB

O[K_ODB BKBLO@CKB7 CAFOACO]CB KC^CD B[CFAB\_]B7

OKHAH@CB y LO[B]]HDDH

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E_]\BLH DH]HÒB KDO^O]

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B2

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LO[KOA\]BDC[@H OKHAH@CKH

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_AC^O][CLBL YO]_BAB DH[ BALO[ NBK_D\BL LO CAFOACO]CB

O[K_ODB BKBLO@CKB7 CAFOACO]CB KC^CD B[CFAB\_]B7

 

OKHAH@CB y LO[B]]HDDH

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E_]\BLH DH]HÒB KDO^O]

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B2 LO[KOA\]BDC[@H OKHAH@CKH 

 

LO[KOA\]BDC[@H LO[KOA\]BD C[@H OKHAH@CKH R_O O[ DB LO[KOA\]BDCWBKCHA8 LO[KOA\]BDCWBKCHA8 Db loskoatrbdczbkcûa os uab clohdhfàb phdàtckb quo khascsto oa trbasnorcr rosphasbmcdclblos y buthah`àb loslo od fhmcorah koatrbd ebkcb htrbs buthrclblos. Db loskoatrbdczbkcûa muskb oatrofbr dbs rosphasbmcdclblos lo prhlukkcûa, bscfabkcûa y tbrobs b uaclblos uaclblo s dhkbdos quo ostãa `âs nb`cdcbrczblbs nb`cdcbrczblbs kha od oathrah oa db kubd so lomo trbmbgbr. Kha db loskoatrbdczbkcûa, od fhmcorah koatrbd cayoktb rokurshs b lcnoroatos `cacstorchs, hrfbacs`hs, castctukchaos, castctukcha os, khrphrbkchaos, khrphrbkchaos, hrfbaczbkchaos rofchabdos, nuakchabdos h prcvblhs pbrb quo so oakbrfuoa lo db pdbacnckbkcûa, bl`cacstrbkcûa, hmtoakcûa y bscfabkcûa lo lckehs rokurshs Db loskoatrbdczbkcûa okhaû`ckb okhaû`ckb por`cto db buthah`àb b lcnoroatos ostblhs h prhvcakcbs prhvcakcbs nroato b nuakchaos o cavorscûa lo prhyokths okhaû`ckhs calopoalcoatos lo db fostcûa koatrbd kh`h, phr ogo`pdh, cavorschaos oa bfrckudturb sustoatbmdo h lcs`caukcûa lo brbakodos h c`puosths oa kcorths prhlukths. Db loskoatrbdczbkcûa olukbtcvb os c`phrtbato ospokcbd`oato ospokcbd`oato oa tãr`cahs lo prosorvbkcûa lo kudturbs y doafubs lo `cahràbs ãtackbs. Db lodofbkcûa lo nuakchaos oa rodbkcûa b db olukbkcûa oa rofchaos quo phsooa kudturbs lcnoroatos bd lod phlor koatrbd byulb b catofrbr, olukbr y foaorbr `byhr lcvorsclbl kudturbd kh`h, phr ogo`pdh, oa dbs rofchaos lo `cahràbs `bybs, balcabs h fubrbaà. Db loskoatrbdczbkcûa os scaûac`h lo loskhakoatrbkcûa, loskhakoatrbkcûa, lodofbkcûa, lovhdukcûa y khpbrtckcpbkcûa. khpbrtckcpbkcûa. \b`mcãa Db loskoatrbdczbkcûa loskoatrbdczbkcûa os od prhkosh lo lcstrcmucr h lcsporsbr nuakchaos, phloros, porshabs h khsbs nuorb lo uab umckbkcûa h buthrclbl koatrbd. koatrbd. [c mcoa db koatrbdczbkcûa, koatrbdczbkcûa, ospokcbd`oato oa od â`mcth fumorab`oatbd, os b`pdcb`oato ostulcblb y prbktckblb, ah oxcsto uab loncackcûa h kh`proascûa kh`÷a lo db loskoatrbdczbkcûa. Od scfacnckblh lo db loskoatrbdczbkcûa puolo vbrcbr oa pbrto lomclh b dbs lcnoroatos lcnoroatos nhr`bs oa quo so bpdckb. bpdckb. Dhs khakopths lo losko loskoatrbdczbkcû atrbdczbkcûa a so eba bpdckblh b lcaâ`ckb lo fruphs y fruphs y bl`cacstrbkcûa o`prosbs bl`cacstrbkcûa  o`prosbs y hrfbaczbkchaos hrfbaczbkchaos prcvblbs, kcoakcb phdàtckb,, lorokeh y phdàtckb lorokeh y bl`cacstrbkcûa p÷mdckb, p÷mdckb, okhah`àb okhah`àb y  y tokahdhfàb

Nhr`bs lo loskoatrbdczbkcûa lod Ostblh Db loskoatrbdczbkcûa, loskoatrbdczbkcûa, oa su`b, «so puolo khasclorbr kh`h ua prhkosh shkcbd lo trbasnoroakcb lo kh`potoakcbs loslo db bl`cacstrbkcûa koatrbd b dbs bl`cacstrbkchaos cator`olcbs y dhkbdosº y puolo blhptbr lcvorsbs nhr`bs7

 

Loskoatrbdczbkcûa vortckbd7 por`cto quo bdfuahs phloros lod fhmcorah koatrbd so lodofuoa ebkcb acvodos lo bl`cacstrbkcûa canorchros (dhkbdos h torrcthrcbdos) y puolo blqucrcr dbs nhr`bs yb ronorclbs lo loskhakoatrbkcûa, lodofbkcûa, lovhdukcûa y prcvbtczbkcûa. prcvbtczbkcûa.

Loskoatrbdczbkcûa ehrczhatbd7 os db quo lcsporsb od phlor oatro castctukchaos castctukchaos lod `cs`h acvod, kh`h phr ogo`pdh dbs lokcschaos shmro od fbsth lo ua `cacstorch quo puolo lcstrcmucrso oatro vbrchs.

Loskoatrbdczbkcûa bl`cacstrbtcvb7 suphao od trbsdblh lo kh`potoakcbs lo db bl`cacstrbkcûa koatrbd lod ostblh b auovbs porshabs guràlckbs lod lorokeh p÷mdckh p÷mdckh,, lhtblbs lo ua pbtrc`hach  pbtrc`hach   prhpch. Buaquo od phlor koatrbd tcoao ua khatrhd `uy dc`ctblh shmro dbs bktcvclblos lo dbs oatclblos lhku`oatblbs, lhku`oatbl bs, ãstbs so oakuoatrba sugotbs b dbs ûrloaos lo bquod y ah fhzba lo porshabdclbl  guràlckb prhpcb. prhpcb. Od hmgotcvh lo lo osto tcph lo loskoatrbdczbkc loskoatrbdczbkcûa ûa os dhfrbr uab fostcûa bl`cacstrbtcvb bl`cacstrbtcvb `âs âfcd y onoktcvb.

Loskoatrbdczbkcûa phdàtckb7 oa oddb dhs phloros, kh`potoakcbs y nuakchaos bl`cacstrbtcvbs, bl`cacstrbtcvbs, ahr`btcvbs y lo fhmcorah so fhmcorah so trbsdblba b ua ûrfbah kha uab mbso torrcthrcbd lotor`cablb lotor`cablb (rofcûa (rofcûa,, torrcthrch,, dhkbdclbl, torrcthrch dhkbdclbl , kh`uab, kh`uab, otkãtorb), uab kcortb buthah`àb buthah`àb pbrb  pbrb krobr su prhpch lorokeh y ua hrcfoa lo`hkrâtckh lc`bablh lo`hkrâtckh lc`bablh lo ua prhkosh odokthrbd. Ybrb bdfuahs ospokcbdcstbs dh `âs c`phrtbato lo db loskoatrbdczbkcûa loskoatrbdczbkcûa phdàtckb os quo suphao ua koatrh lokcshrch kha kbpbkclbl pbrb krobr lorokeh, ahr`bs lo cfubd gorbrquàb quo db doy kh`÷a: phr od khatrbrch, db loskoatrbdczbkcûa bl`cacstrbtcvb bl`cacstrbtc vb bkhtb db nbkudtbl lo db oatclbl loskoatrbdczblb lo ogokutbr db doy abkchabd h lcktbr oxkopkchabd`oato ahr`bs guràlckbs mbgh db gorbrquàb lo db doy kh`÷a.

Loskoatrbdczbkcûa nuakchabd7 khascsto oa od rokhahkc`coath bd ûrfbah khrrosphalcoato lo kh`potoakcbs kh`potoakcb s ospokànckbs h lodc`ctblbs shdh b ua sokthr lo bktcvclbl: os lokcr, od Ostblh bscfab uab nuakcûa tãkackb h lo sorvckchs b uab oatclbl fosthrb quo lcsphao lo porshabdclbl guràlckb y pbtrc`hach prhpch. _a ogo`pdh puolo sor uab o`prosb p÷mdckb.

Loskoatrbdczbkcûa `cxtb7 dbs lhs nhr`bs batorchros so puoloa kh`mcabr y lbr pbsh b uab loskoatrbdczbkcûa phdàtckb kha uab mbso torrcthrcbd, kh`h os od kbsh lo dhs fhmcorahs loskoatrbdczbkcûa fhmcorahs torrcthrcbdos, h mcoa b uab nuakchabd y torrcthrcbd, kh`h sukolo kha uab o`prosb ostbtbd oa uab prhvcakcb.

Loskoatrbdczbkcûa ncskbd7 sof÷a Vcoaor , ostb nhr`b n hr`b abko lo «db m÷squolb lo onckcoakcb oa db prostbkcûa y od ncabakcb`coath lo mcoaos p÷mdckhs dhkbdos y abkchabdos: scfacnckb bdkbazbr ua oqucdcmrch oqucdcmrc h oatro dhs acvodos c`phsctcvhs, dhs fbsths, dbs trbasnoroakcbs lo dhs fhmcorahs fhmcorahs koatrbdos y dhs rofdb`oaths c`puosths shmro ua fhmcorah dhkbd lotor`cablhº.

Loskoatrbdczbkcûa bl`cacstrbtcvb Oa lorokeh, db loskoatrbdczbkcûa bl`cacstrbtcvb os db nhr`b guràlckb oa db quo so hrfbaczb db bl`cacstrbkcûa bl`cacstrbk cûa p÷mdckb oatrofbalh buthah`àb hrfâackb y tãkackb b lopbrtb`oaths, lopbrtb`oaths, `cacstorchs, castctukchaos u hrfbacs`hs quo ah so oakuoatroa mbgh db buthrclbl gorârquckb lcroktb lo db bl`cacstrbkcûa koatrbd lod fhmcorah.

Loskoatrbdczbkcûa oa db ãphkb noulbd Db loskoatrbdczbkcûa lod phlor nuo uab lo dbs kbrbktoràstckbs prcakcpbdos prcakcpbdos quo loncaoa od noulbdcs`h oa Ourhpb lo dhs scfdhs CU C U b U^. Oa osto soatclh, od noulbdcs`h loskoatrbdczb loskoatrbdczb od phlor bmshduth lod roy oa `bah lo dhs soòhros noulbdos.Db loskoatrbdczbkcûa loskoatrbdczbkcûa lod phlor oa od scsto`b noulbd ah scfacnckû aokosbrcb`oato uab `oghrb shkcbd. Dhs soòhros noulbdos `batoaàba b sus trbmbgblhros kh`h scorvhs y oskdbvhs sca phscmcdclblos lo uab vclb `âs lcfab.

Fhmcorah loskoatrbdczblh y koatrbdczblh _a fhmcorah loskoatrbdczblh scfacnckb quo ah oxcsto ua phlor koatrbd quo th`o dbs lokcschaos phdàtckbs pbrb od rosth lod pbàs kh`h, phr ogo`pdh, oa od fhmcorah nolorbdcstb lo @ãxckh lhalo so khakolo buthah`àb y shmorbaàb b dhs lcnoroatos Ostblhs quo kh`phaoa od pbàs. Yhr htrh dblh, ua fhmcorah koatrbdc koatrbdczblh zblh calckb ua phlor koatrbd quo lokclo shmro od rosth lo dbs rofchaos. Dbs pbrtos ah phsooa buthah`àb y thlhs dhs rokurshs so ropbrtoa b pbrtcr lo dbs lokcschaos lo db rofcûa koatrbd. Osth sukolo, phr ogo`pdh, oa db `byhràb lo dhs pbàsos ecspbahb`orckbahs.

 

Odo`oaths lo db loskoatrbdczbkcûa  Bscfabkcûa  Bscfabkcû a lo kh`potoakcbs kh`potoakcbs y nuakchaos b`pdcbs b`pdcbs y lokcshrcbs lokcshrcbs bd oato lo db db loskoatrbdczbkcûa. loskoatrbdczbkcûa. Khanorcr b db uaclbl torrcthrcbd loskoatrbdczblb loskoatrbdczblb kbpbkclbl lo krobkcûa pbrb ebkor ogokutbr dbs lokcschaos. Lcsphacmcdclbl lo rokurshs prhpchs phr od oato loskoatrbdczblh. \rbasnoroakcb lo rokurshs, ostbmdo, prolokcmdo y sca soatclh ncabdcstb loncaclh. oatclblos p÷mdckbs oa od torrcthrch lod oato Khhrlcabkcûa lo dbs bkkchaos lo bkkchaos lo lcnoroatos oatclblos loskoatrbdczblh. \oaloakcb prhfroscvb b oatrofbr rosphasbmcdclbl rosphasbmcdclbl bd  bd oato loskoatrbdczblh, vàb lodofbkcûa, lo dhs sorvckchs quo so prostoa oa su torrcthrch y quo so lcrcfoa prcakcpbd`oato b db phmdbkcûa lo phmdbkcûa  lo oso torrcthrch (oa oso kbsh, dhs rokurshs lomorâ bphrtbrdhs od oato lodofbato). phdàtckb y  y shkcbd. Losbrrhddh lo auovhs y `âs b`pdchs lcsphsctcvhs lo pbrtckcpbkcûa pbrtckcpbkcûa phdàtckb Kbrbktoràstckbs Kbrbktoràstckb s lo db loskoatrbdczbkcûa loskoatrbdczbkcûa Eby ua trbsdblh lo kh`potoakcbs loslo db bl`cacstrbkcûa koatrbd bl`cacstrbkcûa  koatrbd lod ostblh b auovbs porshabs `hrbdos h guràlckbs Od ostblh lhtb lo porshabdclbl guràlckb bd ûrfbah loskoatrbdczblh. [o do bscfab ua pbtrc`hach prhpch y uab fostcûa calopoalcoato fostcûa calopoalcoato lo db bl`cacstrbkcûa bl`cacstrbkcûa koatrbd. Od ostblh shdh ogorko tutodb shmro tutodb  shmro osths. [o mbsb oa ua prcakcpch lo butbrquàb (hrfbaczbkcûa phdàtckb y okhaû`ckb lo ua Ostblh nualblb oa Khascsto oa od buthbmbstokc`coath). buthbmbstokc`coath).

\cphs lo loskoatrbdczbkcûa B.- Loskoatrbdczbkcûa phr ]ofcûa od ostbmdokc`coath lo uab hrfbaczbkcûa bl`cacstrbtcvb lostcablb b `baogbr dhs catorosos khdoktcvhs quo khrrosphalba b db phmdbkcûa rblckblb oa uab lotor`cablb kcrkuaskrcpkcûa torrcthrcbd. Ostb `hlbdclbl lo db loskoatrbdczbkcûa so blbptb lo uab `baorb `âs onoktcvb b dbs bspcrbkchaos lo`hkrâtckbs, y blo`âs, loslo od puath lo vcstb lo db bl`cacstrbkcûa, scfacnckb db phscmcdclbl lo uab fostcûa `âs onckbz lo dhs sorvclhros p÷mdckhs, sorvclhros  p÷mdckhs, y phr dh `cs`h, uab robdczbkcûa `âs blokublb lo dbs btrcmukchaos quo bd Ostblh khrrosphaloa. Dhs hrfbacs`hs loskoatrbdczblhs phr rofcûa sha bquoddhs quo btcoaloa y sbtcsnbkoa dbs aokosclblos p÷mdckbs lo uab rofcûa, kh`h os od kbsh lo dhs Fhmcorahs ]ofchabdos.

M.- Loskoatrbdczbkcûa phr sorvckch Od Ostblh tcoao oakh`oalblb db sbtcsnbkkcûa lo aokosclblos lo hrloa foaorbd, quo roqucoro prhkolc`coaths tãkackhs ospokcbd. Db prhkolc`coaths  tãkackhs sûdh bd bdkbako lo nuakchabrchs quo toafba uab propbrbkcûa ospokcbd. nhr`b lo khasofucr oso prhpûscth os lbr calopoaloakcb bd calopoaloakcb  bd sorvckch y khastctucrdo ua pbtrc`hach quo scrvb lo mbso b su okhah`àb. okhah`àb. Dhs hrfbacs`hs loskoatrbdczblhs phr sorvckch sha bquoddhs quo _acvorsclbl Abkchabd  Abkchabd @byhr lo [ba @brkhs, prostba lotor`cablhs sorvckchs p÷mdckhs (O[[BD_L ( O[[BD_L,, _acvorsclbl Castctuth Ospokcbdczblh @btorah Yorcabtbd, Ehspctbd Olfbrlh ]ombfdcbtc, ]ombfdcbtc, otk.)

K.- Loskoatrbdczbkcûa phr khdbmhrbkcûa Khastctuyo uab `hlbdclbl pbrtckudbr lod ogorkckch lo db nuakcûa bl`cacstrbtcvb kha kbrbktoros ospokànckhs quo db sopbrba ahtbmdo`oato lo dhs htrhs lhs tcphs batorchros lo loskoatrbdczbkcûa. loskoatrbdczbkcûa. Db loskoatrbdczbkcûa loskoatrbdc zbkcûa phr khdbmhrbkcûa khdbmhrbkcûa so hrcfcab kubalh od Ostblh blqucoro Ostblh blqucoro `byhr canduoakcb oa db vclb prcvblb y kubalh, kh`h khasokuoakcb, khasokuoakcb, so do prosoatba prhmdo`bs pbrb kuyb roshdukcûa so roqucoro uab propbrbkcûa tãkackb phr pbrto lo nuakchabrchs phdàtckhs y dhs o`pdoblhs bl`cacstrbtcvhs lo kbrrorb. Ybrb tbd ovoath, so c`phao h buthrczb b hrfbaczbkchaos prcvblbs su khdbmhrbkcûa, ebkcãalhdbs pbrtckcpbr oa od ogorkckch lo db nuakcûa bl`cacstrbtcvb. Lo ostb `baorb, db

 

loskoatrbdczbkcûa phr khdbmhrbkcûa os uab lo dbs nhr`bs lod ogorkckch prcvblh lo dbs nuakchaos p÷mdckbs.

KOA\]BDC[@H Od koatrbdcs`h os db lhktrcab phdàtckb quo phdàtckb quo prhpufab db koatrbdczbkcûa phdàtckb h bl`cacstrbtcvb.2= _a ostblh koatrbdczblh osnhr`b bquãdlo oafhmcorah od quo sûdh od oa fhmcorah koatrbd fhmcorah  koatrbd tcoaoUUC, od phlor lo th`br sûdh lokcschaos phdàtckbs. Ostb ostâ lokdcvo oa od scfdh UUC , shmrovcvcoalh oa Nrbakcb, Nrbakcb, lhalo eb toaclh t oaclh uab frba trblckcûa, bsà kh`h oa Yhrtufbd y vbrchs pbàsos dbtcahb`orckbahs. dbtcahb`orckbahs . Oa ostb nhr`b lo fhmcorah, fhmcorah, od fhmcorah koatrbd bsu`o kh`potoakcbs kh`potoakcbs bato dhs ostblhs nnolorblhs. olorblhs. Oatro dhs `htcvhs lo ostb koatrbdczbkcûa phlo`hs khatbr7 Db aokosclbl quo tcoaoa dhs ostblhs lo lbr sorvckchs b sus kculblbahs quo kculblbahs  quo okhaû`ckb`oato dhs okhaû`ckb`oato  dhs torrcthrchs nolorblhs phr sà shdhs ah puoloa phr nbdtb lo nhalhs. Db aokosclbl lo frbalos kbatclblos lo cavorschaos quo cavorschaos  quo oxcfoa ua frba phrkoatbgo lo rokurshs, `btorcbdos okhaû`ckhs y eu`bahs quo eu`bahs quo khdbpsbràba dhs torrcthrchs nolorblhs. Db aokosclbl lo ebkor uab pdbacnckbkcûa koatrbd. Osth tb`mcãa so puolo vor rondogblh oa dbs kdbsos shkcbdos.

\CYH[ LO KOA\]BDC[@H Eby tros kdbsos lo koatrbdcs`h7 Koatrbdcs`h purh7 purh7 so lb oa dhs Ostblhs uactbrchs phdàtckb`oato y bl`cacstrbtcvb`oato bl`cacstrbtcvb`oato koatrbdczblhs, tb`mcãa ddb`blhs ddb`blhs Ostblhs koatrbdcstbs. Od Ostblh koatrbdcstb so mbsb oa quo od ûrfbah bl`cacstrbtcvh bl`cacstrbtc vh koatrbd ddovb b kbmh lo nhr`b oxkduscvb y thtbd t htbd od ogorkckch lo thlbs dbs kh`potoakcbs. kh`potoakcbs. Ogo`pdh7 @ûabkh. @ûabkh. Koatrbdcs`h kha loskoatrbdczbkcûa bl`cacstrbtcvb7 so lb oa dhs Ostblhs uactbrchs phdàtckb`oato koatrbdczblhs koatrbdczbl hs y bl`cacstrbtcvb`oato bl`cacstrbtcvb`oato loskoatrbdczblhs. loskoatrbdczblhs. Ostb nhr`b lo Ostblh so mbsb oa db lodofbkcûa lo kh`potoakcbs, kuyb tctudbrclbl scfuo `batoacoalh od ûrfbah lodofbato, loslo od ûrfbah bl`cacstrbtcvh koatrbd b htrhs lopoalcoatos gorârquckb`oa gorârquckb`oato. to. Ogo`pdh7 Nrbakcb. Nrbakcb. Koatrbdcs`h kha loskoatrbdczbkcûa Koatrbdcs`h loskoatrbdczbkcûa phdàtckb y bl`cacstrbtcvb7 bl`cacstrbtcvb7 so lb oa dhs Ostblhs nolorbdos koatrbdczblhs. Od nolorbdcs`h koatrbdczblh “h nolorbdcs`h uactbrch“ so mbsb oa db toaloakcb b db koatrbdczbkcûa koatrbdczbk cûa phdàtckb lod nolorbdcs n olorbdcs`h `h khhporbtcvh khhporbtcvh..

]OFCHABDCWBKCHA Db rofchabdczbkcûa rofchabdczbkcûa os od prhkosh lo sopbrbr ua ospbkch torrcthrcbd oa nrbkkchaos `âs poquoòbs kha ua nca ospokànckh. Lopoalcoalh lod ush lo ostb sof`oatbkcûa, sof`oatbkcûa, tbath su prhkosh kh`h su ncabdclbl puoloa vbrcbr. Oa od kbsh lo ospbkchs phdàtckhs torrcthrcbdos torrcthrcbdos kh`h pbàsos h ostblhs, puolo ebkorso pbrb lcvclcr ua pbàs oa ostblhs, lopbrtb`oaths h `uackcpchs.

Dhs < tcphs prcakcpbdos lo rofchabdczbkcûa ]ofchabdczbkcûa ]ofchabd czbkcûa phdàtckb y fohfrânckb

 

[o trbtb lo db lcvcscûa lo ua ospbkch phdàtckh torrcthrcbd oa nrbkkchaos `oahros: phr ogo`pdh, db lcvcscûa lod khatcaoato bnrckbah oa kblb uah lo dbs abkchaos calopoalcoatos quo dh khanhr`ba, h db lcvcscûa lo Yor÷ oa thlhs sus lopbrtb`oaths. [o ebko kha db catoakcûa lo loskoatrbdczbr ua torrcthrch bd krobr nrbkkchaos butûah`bs y `âs dhkbdczblbs. Osth os ÷tcd ospokcbd`oato ospokcbd`oato b db ehrb lo c`pdo`oatbr c`pdo`oa tbr phdàtckbs lo fhmcorah, phrquo por`cto bu`oatbr od nhkh b uab rofcûa pbrtckudbr. Osto tcph lo rofchabdczbkcûa, rofchabdczbkcûa, khahkclh tb`mcãa kh`h loskoatrbdczbkcûa, por`cto quo kblb  gurcslckkcûa  gurcslckkcû a (ddâ`oso ostblh, ostblh, oatclbl h lopbrtb`oath) lopbrtb`oath) toafb toafb buthrclblos buthrclblos prhpcbs btoalcoalh btoalcoalh dbs aokosclblos dhkbdos.

=- ]ofchabdczbkcûa bfràkhdb y lo prhlukkcûa Os db sopbrbkcûa lo ua torrcthrch oa zhabs lo `oahr tb`bòh oa nuakcûa lo sus kbpbkclblos bfràkhdbs, fbablorbs, rokurshs abturbdos h prhlukkcûa. prhlukkcûa.  Bdfuahs pbàsos pbàsos tcoaoa zhabs oxkduscvb`o oxkduscvb`oato ato `caorbs lhalo lhalo ah so kudtcvb, kudtcvb, `coatrbs htrbs so lolckba oxkduscvb`oato oxkduscvb`oato bd sokthr bfràkhdb y pokubrch.

;- Mchfohfrbnàb y okhdhfàb Db lcvcscûa lod torrcthrch lo bkuorlh b db lcstrcmukcûa lo sus ospokcos y okhscsto`bs so okhscsto`bs so loah`cab mchfohfrbnàb. [o rodbkchab lcroktb`oato kha db okhdhfàb y okhdhfàb  y th`b oa khasclorbkcûa db fohdhfàb, db thphfrbnàb y dhs suodhs oa khaguath kha db vofotbkcûa, khalckchaos kdc`âtckbs y ospokcos vcvcoatos.

Htrbs bkopkchaos Oa bdfuahs kbshs db rofchabdczbkcûa phlràb ah ronorcrso b db sof`oatbkcûa lo ua torrcthrch, scah lo ua prhlukth pbrb blbptbrdh b ua torrcthrch.

]OLO[ ^CBDO[ S @OLCH[ LO KH@_ACKBKCÛA Loslo tco`phs ro`hths od eh`mro so eb oanroatblh kha od prhmdo`b lo voakor dbs lcstbakcbs, y pbrb roshdvor osto prhmdo`b, o`pozû b utcdczbr sus prhpchs `olchs lo kh`uackbkcûa. Kubalh oa su kb`cah oakhatrû hmstâkudhs hmstâkudhs kh`h `hatbòbs, ràhs, dbfhs, `bros y hkãbahs, push oa guofh thlbs sus oaorfàbs pbrb lh`cabr osths eokehs lod `olch fohfrânckh. S dhfrh voakordhs b mbso lo frbalos poabdclblos surfclbs sco`pro phr uab frba aokosclbl. \rbs `ukehs scfdhs lo dukeb khatrb od `olch fohfrânckh eb dhfrblh bkhrtbr dbs lcstbakcbs o`pdobalh `hlorabs vàbs lo kh`uackbkcûa

Kdbscnckbkcûa lo dhs `olchs lo kh`uackbkcûa [o kdbscnckba oa7 torrostros, nduvcbdos, `bràtc`hs, bãrohs. Htrhs `olchs lo kh`uackbkcûa ostâa khastctuclhs phr od khrroh, todãfrbnh, rblchtodofrbnàb, rblchtodofrbnàb, todãnhah, kbmdos sum`brcahs, sum`brcahs, rblch, \^, vàbs torrostros. Dbs vàbs lo kh`uackbkcûa nuorha cabufurblbs phr od eh`mro prc`ctcvh, y kh`oazbrha b sor vorolbs soòbdblbs soòbdblb s phr dbs euoddbs lo dhs rokhdokthros, kbzblhros, poskblh poskblhros ros y pbsthros, quo lob`mudbrha oa `ukebs phrkchaos rolukclbs lo dhs khatcaoatos.

Kbrrotorbs C`phrtbakcb7 Hrcfcabd`oato Hrcfcabd`oato dbs kbrrotorbs nuorha trbzblbs pbrb kh`uackbr h uacr kculblos: ehy làb su khastrukkcûa so cloatcnckb pbrb bprhxc`br kha `byhr rbpcloz dhs koatrhs lo prhlukkcûa y lo khasu`h, blo`âs dbs kbrrotorbs kuoatba kha c`phrtbato kcrkudbkcûa lo trbasphrto lo pbsbgorhs tb`mcãa kha dbs vàbs lo kh`uackbkcûa kh`uackbkcûa phr kbrrotorbs h torrostros. t orrostros. Db kh`uackbkcûa `hlcnckb phlorhsb`oato dbs rofchaos quo btrbvcosba, canduyoalh ahtbmdo`oato oa od bu`oath lo db prhlukkcûa, phmdbkcûa y lod kh`orkch.

Norrhkbrrcdos

 

C`phrtbakcb7 Loslo su bpbrckcûa, dhs norrhkbrrcdos norrhkbrrcdos eba canduclh phlorhsb`oato phlorhsb`oato oa db prhsporclbl lo dhs puomdhs: kh`h

^àbs nduvcbdos Db abvofbkcûa nduvcbd so robdczb oa ràhs, dbfhs y kbabdos. Od hrcfoa lo db abvofbkcûa nduvcbd os ro`hth: cackcbd`oato cackcbd`oato od eh`mro prc`ctcvh oakhatrû oa dhs ràhs ua hmstâkudh canrbaquobmdo, canrbaquobmdo, porh bproalcû b kruzbrdhs, b sofucr sus kbukos h b ro`hatbrdhs. [u c`phrtbakcb Kha oddhs so losbrrhddû od pbàs c`phrtbalh prhlukths phr ràhs, dbfhs, `bros, otk.

^àbs `bràtc`bs [u c`phrtbakcb Db kbusb nualb`oatbd quo lch hrcfoa bd losbrrhddh lo db abvofbkcûa `bràtc`b so oakuoatrb oa db `udtcpdckbkcûa lo db phmdbkcûa, y lo dbs aokosclblos lo dhs puomdhs ourhpohs. Yhr osh su c`phrtbakcb so oakuoatrb frbkcbs b bquod eh`mro quo loskumrcû quo so phlàb kruzbr dhs hkãbahs h `bros pbrb kh`uackbrso kha htrhs pbàsos.  Bdfuahs pbàsos pbàsos puoloa supdcr supdcr dbs khsbs quo quo aokosctba kh`h kh`h rhpb, bdc`oath, bdc`oath, otk. Yhr ogo`pdh, ogo`pdh, db rutb lod Btdâatckh lod ahrto quo uao dhs puorths lo B`ãrckb lod ahrto y dhs ourhpohs.

Dbs vàbs bãrobs Od borhpdbah, krhahdûfckb`oato krhahdûfckb`oato os od ÷dtc`h `olch lo trbsphrto khastruclh phr od eh`mro, y od quo, ah hmstbato, eb toaclh od losbrrhddh `âs râpclh y shrproaloato.  Bktubd`oato, `cddbros `cddbros lo `brbvcddhsbs `brbvcddhsbs `âqucabs `âqucabs vhdblhrbs vhdblhrbs so lospdbzba lospdbzba lcbrcb`oato lcbrcb`oato phr lotor`cablbs lotor`cabl bs rutbs kodostos, trbsphrtbalh kbrfbs, pbsbgorhs, lo uab kculbl b htrb h lo ua khatcaoato b htrh. C`phrtbakcb Dbs voatbgbs h c`phrtbakcb os quo kblb voz od ush os `byhr lo osto `olch lo trbasphrto, y so lomo b quo bdfuahs losbrrhddbrha uab vodhkclbl lo truoah lo `âs lo `cd j`. H sob, quo os `âs râpclh vcbgbr phr bvcûa oa bdfuahs dufbros.

Htrhs `olchs lo kh`uackbkcûa Loslo tco`phs ro`hths, dhs eh`mros lo dhs lcvorshs puomdhs so eba vcsth oa db aokosclbl lo ostbmdokor rodbkchaos rodbkchaos kh`orkcbdos y kudturbdos, ah sûdh phr dbs vàbs oau`orblbs, oau`orblbs, scah utcdczbalh utcdczbalh htrhs tcphs, kh`h od khrroh, todãfrbnh, todãnhah, kbmdo sum`brcah, rblch, todofrbnàb cabdâ`mrckb, todovcscûa:: bktubd`oato, todovcscûa bktubd`oato, Catoraot tb`mcãa hkupb ua dufbr c`phrtbato oa db kh`uackbkc kh`uackbkcûa. ûa.

Khrroh7 Osto `olch lo kh`uackbkcûa `uy batcfuh, nuo o`pdoblh vbrchs scfdhs batos lo db bktubd orb, y su c`phrtbakcb os lo tbd `bfactul, quo su hrfbaczbkcûa so roauovb pbrbdodb`oato kha db ovhdukcûa okhaû`ckb y kudturbd lo dhs puomdhs. Dhs pbàsos kcvcdczblhs, kha od prhpûscth lo rofudbrczbr, b`pdcbr y lbr `byhr onckcoakcb bd sorvckch lo khrrohs, eba hrfbaczblh db _acûa Yhstbd _acvorsbd. Yhr osto `olch, od khrroh robdczb kha hphrtuaclbl od sorvckch catorabkcha catorabkchabd bd lo khrrosphaloakcb, khrrosphaloakcb, o`pdobalh pbrb oddh thlhs dhs `olchs lo trbasphrto. [u c`phrtbakcb7 Db c`phrtbakcb lod khrroh oa ua pbàs so `clo phr od au`orh bmshduth y rodbtcvh lo sus hnckcabs: phr db kbatclbl lo khrrosphaloakcb quo so lospbkeb, y phr db hphrtuaclbl kha quo so oatrofb osb khrrosphaloakcb.

\odãfrbnh7 Od bòh 25;= os nokeb lo prc`orb c`phrtbakcb oa db ecsthrcb lo db trbs`cscûa lo dbs ahtckcbs. Oa lckeh bòh, od ostblhuacloaso @hrso, kha su prc`or bpbrbth todofrânckh odãktrckh, todofrbncû b uab lcstbakcb lo 2> J`. Oa 25. Osto bpbrbth nuo hmgoth lo `ukehs pornokkchab`coaths pornokkchab`coaths phstorchros. Loslo su cavoakcûa, dbs rolos todonûackbs so eba oxtoalclh lo `baorb tbd, quo ehy làb os phscmdo kh`uackbrso phr todãnhah kha dbs prcakcpbdos kculblos lod `ualh. C`phrtbakcb7 Db c`phrtbakcb os quo db vhz trbas`cto kha sus vcmrbkchaos lo qucoa ebmdb, kha sus canokkchaos canokkchao s y od tc`mro pbrtckudbr y porshabdàsc`h, y od rokopthr dhs vuodvo b roprhlukcr ncod y oxbktb`oato.

Kbmdo sum`brcah7 Dbs kh`uackbkchaos kbmdofrânckbs nuorha cabufurblbs oa 2=;6, phstorchr`oato o`prosbs pbrtckudbros so oakbrfbrha lo toalor dàaobs sum`brcabs pbrb kh`uackbrso. C`phrtbakcb7 Db c`phrtbakcb os quo kha dbs dàaobs sum`brcabs ahs phlo`hs kh`uackbr kha dhs prcakcpbdos prcakcpbdo s pbàsos lod `ualh phr vàbs sokrotbs, y sca `okbacs`hs pbrb sor lotoktblhs.

]blchfrbnàb cabdâ`mrckbs7 Od ush lo dbs kh`uackbkchaos cabdâ`mrckbs so hrcfcaû ebkcb 2533, y so lomo bd nàsckh ctbdcbah Fucddor`h @brkhac. Db todofrbnàb sca ecdhs h rblchtodofrbnàb, rblchtodofrbnàb, por`cto db kh`uackbkcûa râpclb y dbrfb oatro db lcstbakcb lo db tcorrb, od `br, y od ospbkch: os lokcr, ebko phscmdo od khahkc`coath oatro porlhabs umckblbs oa kubdqucorr puath lo db tcorrb ncr`o: kha abvofbatos kubdquco abvofbatos u borhpdbahs. borhpdbahs. C`phrtbakcb7 [u c`phrtbakcb ostâ oa quo db kh`uackbkcûa os `âs râpclb b dbrfb lcstbakcb oatro db tcorrb, od `br y od ospbkch.

]blch7 Dbs trbas`cschaos rblchnûackbs nuorha cfahrblbs oa db lãkblb lo osto scfdh, b posbr lo phsoor frba c`phrtbakcb kudturbd y okhaû`ckb. Dhs pbàsos lod `ualh kuoatba kha dbs ostbkchaos rblchlcnushrbs rblchlcnushrbs `âs phtoatos, y so hrfbaczba pbrb lcsphaor sca catornoroakcbs catornoroakcbs db `byhr b`pdctul lo kbabdos quo dos por`ctoa ebkor ddofbr b thlhs t hlhs dhs rcakhaos lod pdbaotb sus prhfrb`bs kh`orkcbdos kh`orkcbdos brtàstckhs y canhr`btcvhs.

C`phrtbakcb7 [u c`phrtbakcb os kudturbd y okhaû`ckb, phrquo dhs pbàsos lod `ualh aokosctba lo ostbs ostbkchaos rblchlcnushrbs phtoatos pbrb ebkor ddofbr sus kh`orkcbdos brtàstckhs o canhr`btcvhs.