Desarrollo Unidad 2

 

 

 

 

]HOFEF 2.- Y]BMYVEIOJHMY FM \JVMHIOE FM EKVE _ CMFOE VMHYOÙH. 2.5 Ikesonoieioùh gmhmrek. Ekte y cmfoe tmhsoùh, ebomrtes, ijcpeites, pmfmstek, bùvmfe y mhiepsukefe mhiepsukefes. s. ]he submsteioùh mkïitroie ms votek pere mk nuhiojhecomhtj fm iuekquomr sostmce mkïitroij. _e qum hj tmhmcjs ke iepeiofef sunoiomhtm fm ekceimher ke mhmrgãe mkïitroie qum prjfuiocjs1 kjs ohgmhomrjs sm vomrjh jbkogefjs e busier uhe sjkuioùh pere trehspjrter mste mhmrgãe, kj qum e su vmz prjvjij ke irmeioùh fm kes Yubmsteiojhms. \rocmrj fmbmcjs sebmr qum uhe Yubmsteioùh, ms uh ijhduhtj fm mkmcmhtjs qum hjs pmrcotmh cehopuker ke mhmrgãe mkïitroie pere su prjfuiioùh, ijhvmrsoùh, rmgukeioùh, fostrobuioùh j ohtmrrupioùh, smgôh sm rmquomre.

]he submsteioùh ms uh ijhduhtj fm mkmcmhtjs qum hjs pmrcotmh cehopuker ke mhmrgãe mkïitroie1 mstjs mkmcmhtjs ijcôhcmhtm sjh4 •

Vrehsnjrcefjr.

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Ohtmrruptjr.

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Rmsteurefjr.

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Iui`okkes fmsijhmitefjrms y fm etmrrozedm.

       

 

 

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Iui`okkes nusobkms.

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Eperterreyjs.

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Vrehsnjrcefjrms fm Ohstrucmhtj (V\, VI y V\O).

     

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Berres ’  Berres  ’  Busms  Busms j Iedes Fmrovefjres.

 

Ekte y cmfoe tmhsoùh ]he submsteioùh mkïitroie fm ekte y mxtre ekte tmhsoùh, refoie mh mstebkmimr uhe efmiuefe etmhioùh mh nuhioùh fm ke fostrobuioùh mkïitroie y sus tmhsojhms, pere gerehtozer ke iepeiofef fm ekocmhteioùh mhmrgïtoie e ke ijcuhofef y sus fohåcoies fm ijhsucj ijcj kes mcprmses, `jgerms y smrvoiojs pôbkoijs. Esã coscj, mste sm mhiumhtre fovofofe j smiiojhefe mh mquopjs fm cmfoioùh, iui`okkes fm pesj m ohtmrruptjr eijcpeõefjs fm trehsnjrcefjrms m ohtmrruptjrms verojs pere pmrcotor j ekocmhter kjs fmstohjs qum sjh fostrobuofjs fmsfm mste submsteioùh mkïitroie `este kjs usuerojs fm ke mkmitroiofef. Ebomrtes Gmhmrekcmhtm sm ijhstruymh mh tmrrmhjs mxpumstjs e ke ohtmcpmrom, y rmquomrm uh fosmõj, eperetjs y cequohes iepesms fm sjpjrter mk nuhiojhecomhtj bedj ijhfoiojhms etcjsnïroies efvmrses (kkuvoe - vomhtj mti.) pjr kj gmhmrek sm utokozeh ms kjs sostmces fm ekte tmhsoùh. Kes submsteiojhms fm ohtmcpmrom sjh kes mhiergefes fm rmguker y gmstojher mk trehspjrtm fm ke mhmrgãe mkïitroie, su eoskehtm ms mk eorm j mspeioj ms peioj qum `ey mhtrm kjs mkmcmhtjs, pere mk ijhtrjk fm ke submsteioùh sm mcpkme kj soguomhtm4 •

 

Ymiiojhefjrms, sm mhiergeh fm ijrter kes kãhmes iuehfj hj ioriuke ijrromhtm e trevïs fm mkkes.

 

 

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Ohtmrruptjrms, mhiergefjs fm ijrter kes kãhmes iuehfj ioriuke ijrromhtm.

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Vrehsnjrcefjrms fm ohtmhsofef y tmhsoùh, mhiergefjs fm rmekozer kes cmfofes fm kjs peråcmtrjs fm nuhiojhecomhtj fm humstre kãhme.

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Fmsiergefjrms, sjh kjs mkmcmhtjs mhiergefjs fm mhvoer e tomrre kes sjbrmtmhsojhms prjvjiefes j bomh pjr ke ieãfe fm uh reyj j pjr uhe sjbrmtmhsoùh fmk gmhmrefjr.

Ijcpeites Kes submsteiojhms ijcpeites ‛\\– tomhmh epkoieioùh mh rmfms fm fostrobuioùh fm cmfoe tmhsoùh fm 6.5> a^ `este 90 a^, mh ijrromhtms fm 69< Ecpmrms pere jpmrer ijhduhtecmhtm ijh trehsnjrcefjrms topj submsteioùh y tebkmrjs fm fostrobuioùh.

 

 

Kes submsteiojhms ijcpeites ‛\\– iucpkmh ijh kes soguomhtms epkoieiojhms4  epkoieiojhms4  •

 

Cehojbres fm ijhmxoùh y fmsijhmxoùh fm rmfms fm fostrobuioùh ijh ierge mh cmfoe tmhsoùh.

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Ijhmxoùh y fmsijhmxoùh fm trehsnjrcefjrms fm fostrobuioùh. Ijcj tebkmrjs ekocmhtefjrms mh cmfoe tmhsoùh fm ohfustroes y ijcmriojs.

Ke jpmreioùh fm ke submsteioùh iucpkm ijh kes soguomhtms iereitmrãstoies4 •

 

Fosmõj fm nrmhtm cumrtj pere mvoter iuekquomr ijhteitj ohvjkuhteroj fmk jpmreroj ijh pertms voves (ijh mhmrgãe).

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Jpmreioùh cehuek formite e kes iui`okkes smiiojhefjres, soh sostmces fm trehscosoùh cmiåhoie ho cmiehoscjs efoiojhekms fm jpmreioùh.

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Bkjqumjs cmiåhoijs y mkmitrjcmiåhoijs qum ocpofmh jpmrer ijh ierge ke iui`okke fm pesj. Bkjqumjs cmiåhoijs qum ocpofmh ebror ke pumrte iuehfj ke iui`okke ijh ierge mstå imrrefe.

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Bkjqumjs cmiåhoijs qum ocpofmh jpmrer ke iui`okke ijh ierge iuehfj ke pumrte mstå ebomrte.

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Rmtorj fm nusobkms nuhfofjs pjr cmfoj fm pohzes mxtreitjres fm nusobkms.

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\rjtmiioùh ijhtre sjbrmtmhsojhms e trevïs fm eperterreyjs

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pjkocïroijs, \rjtmiioùh ijhtre ijrtj-ioriuotj pjr cmfoj fm nusobkms kocotefjrms fm

   

 

ijrromhtm (FRY). •

 

Fmbmråh ohtmgrer mquopjs pere ijhmxoùh y fmsijhmxoùh fm ke mhmrgãe cerie FROWOYE, tekms ijcj4 e.  Iui`okke smiiojhefjre fm jpmreioùh soh ierge (FV\) kkecefe ‛iui`okke fm pesj–.  pesj–.  b.  Iui`okke smiiojhefjre fm jpmreioùh ijh ierge (KFV\), kkecefe ‛fmsijhmitefjr ijh ierge–.  ierge–. 

 

 

i.  Iui`okke fm pumste e tomrre (FM\) ohfovofuek j ohtmgrefe e ke iui`okke smiiojhefjre ijh ierge (KFV\). Ym sucohostre mh trms grefjs fm prjtmiioùh4 •

 

Grefj fm prjtmiioùh HMCE 54 pere smrvoioj ohtmrojr e prumbe fm ijhteitj eiiofmhtek ijh mk mquopj ohtmrhj.

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Grefj fm prjtmiioùh HMCE 524 pere smrvoioj ohtmrojr e prumbe fm pjkvj1 ijh smkkj ef`msovj fm pjkourmtehj

  ohfustroek mhtrm kåcohes y smkkj fm gjce topj tubj mh pumrtes.

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  Grefj fm prjtmiioùh HMCE 9R1 pere smrvoioj ohtmcpmrom e prumbe fm

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kkuvoe1 ijh smkkj ef`msovj fm pjkourmtehj ohfustroek mhtrm kecohes1 smkkj fm gjce topj tubj mh pumrtes y rmsostmhioes iekmneitjres. Mk ohstekefjr fmbmrå tmhmr mxpmromhioe mh mk cehmdj m ohstekeioùh fm mquopjs fm cmfoe tmhsoùh. \mfmstek Ke iereitmrãstoie fm mstjs trehsnjrcefjrms ms qum tjfjs sus eiimsjrojs sm ijkjieh mh ke permf nrjhtek fmk tehqum, gmhmrekcmhtm fmk kefj ozquomrfj kjs ijcpjhmhtms fm cmfoe tmhsoùh y fmk kefj fmrmi`j kjs ijcpjhmhtms fm bede, esã ijcj kjs ohfoiefjrms fm hovmk, tmrcùcmtrj y pkeie fm fetjs, mhtrm jtrjs. Mh kjs trehsnjrcefjrms tronåsoijs sm ijkjie uhe berrmre eoskehtm qum fovofm ke smiioùh fm cmfoe tmhsoùh ijh ke fm bede tmhsoùh. Yjbrm mk kefj fjhfm sm ijkjieh kjs eiimsjrojs, sm cjhte uh gebohmtm qum efmcås fm fer prjtmiioùh, pmrcotm fer uhe bumhe eperomhioe ek trehsnjrcefjr. Mk fosmõj fmk gebohmtm mstå prmvostj fm tek njrce qum procmrj sm tomhm eiimsj e ke smiioùh fm bede tmhsoùh, mh fjhfm sm tomhm mk smgurj qum ocpofm mk eiimsj formitj e ke smiioùh fm cmfoe tmhsoùh.

 

 

Mh ke pertm ohnmrojr fmk gebohmtm sm fospjhm fm uh årme fm focmhsojhms efmiuefes pere pmrcotor ke mhtrefe y sekofe fm kjs iebkms fm ekocmhteioùh. Mh kjs trehsnjrcefjrms tronåsoijs, efmcås, sm ohsteke uhe tepe sjbrm mk ijhduhtj tehqum-gebohmtm pere rmspekfer kjs ijhimptjs fm prjtmiioùh y eperomhioe. Mk eiebefj fm mstjs trehsnjrcefjrms ms rmsostmhtm e ke ohtmcpmrom y gmhmrekcmhtm sm rmiubrmh fm pohture fm ijkjr vmrfm pere qum ercjhoim mh mk kuger fjhfm sm ohstekm. Ijcpjhmhtms båsoijs Kjs ijcpjhmhtms båsoijs fm uh Vrehsnjrcefjr \mfmstek sm mhucmreh mhsmguofe4 5.  Hôikmj 2.  Bjbohes 9.  Vehqum 6.  Mkmcmhtjs fm ijhmxoùh =.  Mkmcmhtjs fm smiiojhekozeioùh >.  Mkmcmhtjs fm prjtmiioùh

 

 

Bùvmfe Ke Yubmsteioùh mkïitroie bkohfefe cås usuek ms ke GOY, Ges Ohsuketmf Ywoti`gmer. Mh mkkes mk nkuofj qum trebede ijcj eoskehtm ms mk ges YN>, `mxenkujrurj fm ezunrm. Mstm ges ms usefj mh ke ceyjrãe fm ohtmrruptjrms fm submsteiojhms mkïitroies ijhvmhiojhekms pjr sus efmiuefes iereitmrãstoies pere ke mkocoheioùh fmk erij mkïitroij. Mh

mstm

topj

fm

ohstekeiojhms

kjs

ohtmrruptjrms,

smiiojhefjrms, trehsnjrcefjrms fm cmfofe y mk mcberrefj qum kjs ijhmite mståh mhiepsukefjs ijh mk `mxenkujrurj fm ezunrm. Vjfe mste ohstekeioùh pumfm or ohstekefe fmhtrj fm hevms j e ke ohtmcpmrom. Yjh hucmrjsjs kjs peãsms qum mh ke eituekofef mståh ohstekehfj mstm topj fm submsteioùh mkïitroie, pjrqum efcotm uh ektj grefj fm tmhsoùh fm trebedj mh uh rmfuiofj mspeioj, tomhmh uh cehtmhocomhtj cuy rmfuiofj, y sjh cuy eptes pere kugerms ijh ecbomhtms pjkvïmhjs, ke fmsvmhtede ms qum mk `mxenkujrurj fm ezunrm ms uh ges ijh uh greh pjfmr fm mnmitj ohvmrhefmrj, pjr kj qum sm fmbm tmhmr cui`j iuofefj ijh sus msiepms. Mh mkkes mk nkuofj qum trebede sjcj eoskehtm mk ges YN>, `mxenkujrurj fm ezunrm. Mstm ges ms usefj mh ke ceyjrãe fm ohtmrruptjrms fm submsteiojhms mkïitroies ijhvmhiojhekms pjr sus efmiuefes iereitmrãstoies pere ke ekocmhteioùh fm erij mkïitroij.

 

 

Mhiepsukefes Mh kugerms ijh pjij mspeioj, pmrj ijh hmimsofefms projroteroes fm ijhsucj, sm `eh fmserrjkkefj Yubmsteiojhms Mhiepsukefes qum tecboïh sjh fm pjtmhioe, sm mhiumhtreh ijhnohefes mh mstruitures cmtåkoies ohcmrses mh uh ges eoskehtm YN>, cuy utokozefj mh ke ohfustroe mkïitroie. Mstes Yubmsteiojhms Mhiepsukefes rmquomrmh fm cui`e supmrvosoùh fm sus hovmkms ùptocjs fm jpmreioùh, pmrj mk rmqumrocomhtj fm cehtmhocomhtj ms ieso hukj. Yu ijstj ms cuy grehfm mh ijcpereioùh ijh kes Yubmsteiojhms Ijhvmhiojhekms, pmrj hj fmdeh fm smr uhe jpioùh ijhnoebkm iuehfj sm rmquomrmh utokozer.

2.2 Vrehsnjrcefjrms fm pjtmhioe. iepeiofefms.. Irotmrojs fm smkmiioùh. iepeiofefms

Mspmionoieiojhms

y

Yjh equmkkjs trehsnjrcefjrms qum cehmdeh grehfms ceghotufms fm vjktoj ecpmrojs ^E, kjs iuekms sm mxprmseh mh A^E Qaokj vjktoj ecpmrojsS j mh C^E Qcmge vjktoj ecpmrojsS. ]suekcmhtm sm ijhsofmre uh trehsnjrcefjr fm pjtmhioe iuehfj su iepeiofef ms fm uh vekjr e pertor fm4 = EWG) cãhocj fm eiumrfj ek ertãiukj 2=< fm ke HJC-