Derecho Internacional Publico y Privado

 

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HGXHFLWH HGI]ZD MG GX]WMFDX XWSGZFDZGX GI HFGIHFAX LWZFMFHAX

AXFNIA]WZA< MGZGH@D FI]GZIAHFDIAE SZF_AMD V SÜJEFHD HEA_G MG EA AXFNIA]WZA< EM=18 AEWKIA< IDZA NZFXGEMA KFZAIMA KGIMF_FE

@GZKDXFEED, XDIDZA. KAVD :3:3

 

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ËIMFHG ]GKA F. FI]ZDMWHHFØI………………………………………………………………….> 1.1.- Djlgtd mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd 1.:.- Hditgifmd mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd 1.8.- Ge mgrgh`d hdioefhtuae 1.=.- ]grkfidednëa ]GKA FF. OWGI]GX MGE MGZGH@D MG EDX HDIOEFH]DX MG EGVGX………………………… ……………………………………………………… ……………………………………………….……..…… ………………….……..……….6 ….6 :.1.- Iahfdiaegs :.:.- Ougitgs Fitgriahfdiaegs :.8.- ]ratamds y hdivgifds :.=.- Kæxfhd y ea hdmfofhahføi mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd y Mgrgh`d uifodrkg a ifvge fitgriahfdiae :.7.- Mgrgh`d hdivgihfdiae fitgriahfdiae :.7.1.- Hdivgifds fitgriahfdiaegs mge Mgrgh`d Srfvamd :.7.:.- Hdiogrgihfa mg ea @aya :.?.- Lurfsprumgihfa fitgriahfdiae :.>.- Hdstukjrg fitgriahfdiae ]GKA FFF. MGZGH@D HDIOEFH]WAE…………………………………..……………..1: 8.1.- Hdioefhtd mg egygs 8.1.1.- Hrftfha a mfh`a mgidkfiahføi 8.1.:.- Hdioefhtd mg egygs a ifvge iahfdiae g fitgriahfdiae 8.1.8.- Seuraefmam kgtdmdeønfha 8.1.8.1.- Idrkas hdioefhtfvas 8.1.8.:.- Idrkas katgrfaegs 8.1.8.8.- Idrkas mg apefhahføi fikgmfata 8.1.8.=.- Idrkas mg mgrgh`d uifodrkg ]GKA F_. ZGODZKAX MG 1600 A EA EGNFXEAHFØI GI KA]GZFA HDIOEFH]WAE ……………………………….……………………………………………17 =.1.- Fioeugihfas mg eds hdivgifds fitgriahfdiaegs mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd =.1.1.- Eds trajalds mg ea ahamgkfa Kgxfhaia mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd y mg Mgrgh`d Hdkparamd =.1.:.- Xgkfiarfds iahfdiaegs mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd =.:.- Hditgifmd a eas rgodrkas mge Hømfnd Hfvfe mge > mg gigrd mg 1600 =.8.- ]grrftdrfaefmam mge prghgptd y sus gxhgphfdigs =.=.- Hditgifmd mge artëhued 18 mge Hømfnd Hfvfe =.=.1.- Sartg ngigrae =.=.:.- Zgneas =.=.:.1.- Xftuahfdigs lurëmfhas amqufrfmas gi ge gxtrailgrd y rghdidhfmas gi Kæxfhd (tgdrëa mg eds ―_gstgm rfn`ts‛) =.=.:.:.Gstamd kugjegs y hapahfmam mg eas pgrsdias =.=.:.8.- Jfgigs g fikugjegs

 

8 =.=.:.=.- Odrka mg eds ahtds lurëmfhds =.7.- Artëhued 1= mge Hømfnd Hfvfe =.7.1.- Apefhahføi mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd pdr ge lugz iahfdiae =.7.1.1.- Srugja mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd =.7.:.- Zggivëd =.7.8.- Fistftuhfdigs mgshdidhfmas =.7.8.1.- Apefhahføi aiaeønfha =.7.=.- Hugstføi prgvfa =.7.7.- Arkdifzahføi =.7.7.1.- Gqufmam =.?.- Artëhued 17 mge Hømfnd Hfvfe =.?.1.- Gxhgphfdigs a ea idrka apefhahføi mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd =.?.1.1.- Oraumg a ea egy =.?.1.:.- Drmgi püjefhd =.?.1.:.1.- Drmgi püjefhd iahfdiae =.?.1.:.:.- Drmgi püjefhd fitgriahfdiae =.?.1.8.- Dtras gxhgphfdigs =.?.1.8.1.- Huaimd asë ed gstajeghg ea prdpfa egy iahfdiae

]GKA _. MDKFHFEFD GI GE MGZGH@D HDIOEFH]WAE ………………………..………………………………… …………………………………………………...:7 ……………………...:7 KGPFHAID………………………..…… 7.1.- Mdkfhfefd 7.1.1.- Mdkfhfefd pgrsdiae 7.1.1.1.- Xu mgtgrkfiahføi 7.1.1.:.- Hrftgrfds para oflared 7.1.1.8.- Srgsuihføi 7.1.:.- Mdkfhfefd gspghëofhd 7.1.:.1.- Kgidrgs mg gmam 7.1.:.:.- Ajaimdiamds 7.1.8.- Høiyungs 7.1.=.- Mdkfhfefd mg eas pgrsdias kdraegs ]GKA _F. ZGODZKAX MG 1600 GI KA]GZFA……………………..:> MG SZDHGXAE HF_FE………….. ……………………………………………………… …………………………… ………………………………………………..:> ?.1.- Aitghgmgitgs ?.1.1.- ]rajalds mg ea ahamgkfa mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd ?.1.:.- Zgodrkas ae hømfnd mg prdhgmfkfgitds hfvfegs mge mfstrftd ogmgrae ?.1.8.- Hdivgifds fitgriahfdiaegs qug fioeuygrdi gi eas rgodrkas mg 1600 gi katgrfa mg  prdhgsae hfvfe ?.:.- Zgodrkas y amfhfdigs ae hømfnd ogmgrae mg prdhgmfkfgitds hfvfegs ?.8.- Srugjas mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd ?.=.- Hddpgrahføi ëitgr lumfhfae ?.7.- Anrgnamd mg ui iugvd efjrd mge hømfnd mg prdhgmfkfgitds hfvfegs sdjrg hddpgrahføi  prdhgsae fitgriahfdiae ?.?.- Egnaefzahføi mg eds mdhukgitds püjefhds gxtrailgrds ?.>.mg eds kfgkjrds kgxfhaid gi ea hddpgrahføi ëitgr lumfhfae ?.0.- Fitgrvgihføi Gx`drtds ae gxtrailgrd mgsmg gegxtgrfdr gxtrailgrd

 

= ?.0.1.- Mfstfitas odrkas mg traiskfsføi ?.0.:.- ]ramuhhføi mg eds gx`drtds ?.0.8.- Apefhahføi a eas mfefngihfas mg gx`drtds ?.6.- Zghdidhfkfgitd y glghuhføi mg rgsdeuhfdigs gxtrailgras ?.13.- Hdihgptd mg sgitgihfa d rgsdeuhføi gxtrailgra ?.11.- Asuihføi vaefma mg hdkpgtgihfa fitgriahfdiae ?.1:.- Hdihgptd gxheusfva mg eds trfjuiaegs kgxfhaids ?.18.- Zgqufsftds para ge rghdidhfkfgitd y glghuhføi mg eas sgitgihfas gxtrailgras ?.1=.- Mdhukgitahføi qug ahdkpaña ae gx`drtd gxtrailgrd ?.17.- @dkdednahføi mg sgitgihfas gxtrailgras gi Kæxfhd

]GKA _FF. ZGODZKAX AE HØMFND MG HDKGZHFD MG 1006 ………………….87 >.1.- Artfhued 1371 mge hømfnd mg hdkgrhfd >.1.1.- Aiáefsfs >.:.- Ea práhtfha mg mfefngihfas gi ui prdhgmfkfgitd kgrhaitfe hdi gegkgitds gxtrailgrds >.8.- Zgqufsftds mg eds gx`drtds fitgriahfdiaegs gi katgrfa kgrhaitfe >.=.- Srdhgmfkfgitd arjftrae gi katgrfa kgrhaitfe >.7.- Ahugrmd arjftrae >.?.- Egy apefhajeg ae odimd mg ui eftfnfd kgrhaitfe >.>.- Fifkpuniajfefmam mg ui eaumd arjftrae kgrhaitfe >.0.- Hasds mg mgignahføi mg rghdidhfkfgitds y glghuhføi mg eds kgrhaitfegs gxtrailgrds ]GKA _FFF. HDIOEFH]D MG EGVGX GI GE GX]AMD OGMGZAE………………..86 0.1.- Seaitgakfgitd mg prdjegkas 0.1.1.- Xghhføi prfkgra mge artëhued F_ mg ea Hdistftuhføi mg eds Gstamds Wifmds mg Akærfha 0.1.:.- Heáusuea mg ea gitgra og y hræmftd (ouee oaft` hrgmft heausueg) 0.:.- Aiáefsfs mg eas gxprgsfdigs ―pujefh ahts‛, ―rghdrms‛ y ―lumfhfae prdhggmfins‛ 0.8.- Eas mfvgrsas orahhfdigs mge artëhued 1:1 hdistftuhfdiae kgxfhaid 0.8.1.- ]grrftdrfaefmam mg eas egygs mg hama gstamd ogmgrae 0.8.:.- Egx rgt sftag 0.8.8.- Xgitgihfa sdjrg mgrgh`ds rgaegs y jfgigs fikugjegs y sdjrg mgrgh`ds pgrsdiaegs 0.8.=.gstamd hfvfe mg eas pgrsdias 0.8.7.- Eds ahtds tëtuedsmge prdogsfdiaegs

]GKA F.- WJFHAHFØI, DZFNGI V MGOFIFHFØI MGE MGZGH@D FI]GZIAHFDIAE SÜJEFHD…………………………………………………………….=: 1.1.- Wjfhahføi hfgitëofha mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd gi ge mgrgh`d 1.:.- Idrkas 1.:.1.- Idrkas lurëmfhas 1.:.:.- Idrkas kdraegs 1.:.8.- Idrkas arjftrarfas 1.:.=.- Idrkas mg trahtd 1.8.- Mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd 1.8.1.- Næigsfs 1.8.:.Mgofifhføi 1.8.8.- Ákjftds mg vaefmgz

 

7 1.8.=.- Ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd y ea sdjgraiëa

]GKA FF. MDH]ZFIA V OWIMAKGI]DX MGE MGZGH@D FI]GZIAHFDIAE SÜJEFHD………………………………………………………………………………….=? :.1.- Ea mdhtrfia fusiaturaefsta. ]gøednds y eafhds :.:.- Ea mdhtrfia pdsftfva. Srgmghgsdrgs y pdsftfvfstas sfstgkátfhds :.8.- Ge ouimakgitd mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd :.8.1.- Ignamdrgs mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd :.8.:.- Drmgi lurëmfhd prfkftfvd ]GKA FFF. FI]GNZAHFØI MGE MGZGH@D FI]GZIAHFDIAE SÜJEFHD………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ……………………………..=6 ..=6 8.1.- Ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd 8.1.1.- Idrkas lurëmfhas fitgriahfdiaegs, tratamds y hdstukjrgs 8.1.:.- Srfihfpfd ngigrae mge mgrgh`d 8.1.8.- Fistftuhfdigs Lurëmfhas, Mdhtrfia, Lurfsprumgihfa ]GKA F_. OWGI]GX V DJEFNAHFDIGX MGE MGZGH@D FI]GZIAHFDIAE SÜJEFHD………………………… …………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………… ……………………………..71 ..71 =.1.- Ougitgs mge mgrgh`d y ougitgs mg djefnahfdigs =.:.- Ougitgs mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd =.8.- Djefnahfdigs mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd =.=.- Heasfofhahføi mg eas ougitgs y ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd ]GKA _. ]ZA]AMDX FI]GZIAHFDIAEGX V EA HDI_GIHFØI MG _FGIA MG 16?6 XDJZG MGZGH@D MG EDX ]ZA]AMDX ………………………………………..78 7.1.- Mgofifhføi mg tratamd fitgriahfdiae gi ngigrae 7.:.- ]grkfidednëa gspghfae mg ea hdivgihføi mg 16?6 7.8.- Srfihfpfds qug rgnueai a eds tratamds 7.=.- Gegkgitds mg gxfngihfa 7.7.- Gegkgitds mg vaefmgz 7.?.- Gegkgitds mg gofhahfa 7.>.mg edsmgtratamds 7.0.- Iuefmamgs Srdhgmfkfgitds eas iuefmamgs 7.6.- Goghtds mg eds tratamds 7.13.- ]grkfiahføi mg eds tratamds 7.11.- Fitgrprgtahføi mg eds tratamds 7.1:.- Zgsgrvas y goghtds mg eas rgsgrvas 7.18.- Gikfgimas y rgvfsføi 7.1=.- Zgnfstrd y pujefhahføi

]GKA _F. SGZXDIAX MGE MGZGH@D FI]GZIAHFDIAE SÜJEFHD………………………… …………………………………………………… ………………………………………………..……..70 ……………………..……..70 ?.1.- Hdihgptd mg pgrsdias ?.:.- Sgrsdias oësfhas y pgrsdias lurëmfhas ?.8.mg pgrsdias eas pgrsdias lurëmfhas fitgriahfdiaegs ?.=.- Heasfofhahfdigs Iahfkfgitd mg eas lurëmfhas fitgriahfdiaegs

 

? ?.=.1.- Hapahfmam ?.=.:.- Sgrsdiaefmam ?.=.:.1.- ]gdrëa sdjrg rghdidhfkfgitd mg gstamd ?.=.:.:.- Ea autdmgtgrkfiahføi mg eds pugjeds ?.=.8.- Zgprgsgitahfdigs ?.=.8.1.- Ge ndjfgrid y su hdkpdsfhføi ?.=.8.:.- ]gdrëa sdjrg ge rghdidhfkfgitd mg ndjfgrids ?.7.- Gxtfihføi mg eas pgrsdias lurëmfhas fitgriahfdiaegs ?.?.- Goghtds mg ea suhgsføi mg ea pgrsdia lurëmfha fitgriahfdiae

]GKA _FF. ZGSZGXGI]AHFDIGX FI]GZIAHFDIAEGX GI GE MGZGH@D FI]GZIAHFDIAE SÜJEFHD…………………………………………………..……?: >.1.- Mgofifhføi mg rgprgsgitahføi fitgriahfdiae >.:.- Heasgs mg rgprgsgitahføi fitgriahfdiae >.8.- Sgrsdiae mfpedkátfhd >.=.- Sgrsdiae hdisuear >.7.- Kfsfdigs gspghfaegs >.?.- Sgrsdiae mg ea drnaifzahføi fitgriahfdiae >.>.- Gstatutd lurëmfhd mg eds lughgs mg ea hdrtg fitgriahfdiae >.0.- Zgprgsgitaitgs aitg ea drnaifzahføi fitgriahfdiae ]GKA _FFF. Ge ZÆNFKGI LWZËMFHD FI]GZIAHFDIAE MGE GXSAHFD………………………… ……………………………………..………………… …………..………………………………………….?= ……………………….?= 0.1.- Hdihgptd mg tgrrftdrfd 0.:.- Hdihgptd mg gspahfd 0.8.- Sartgs fitgnraitgs mge gspahfd 0.=.- Mgrgh`ds mge kar 0.7.- Mgrgh`d aærgd 0.?.- Mgrgh`d uetratgrrgstrg 0.>.- Gxhgphfdigs a ea lurfsmfhhføi mg ea pgrsdia lurëmfha fitgriahfdiae 0.0.- Kdmds mg amqufsfhføi mg gspahfd 0.6.- Eëkftgs mge gspahfd< orditgras

 

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]GKA F. FI]ZDMWHHFØI 1.1.- Djlgtd mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd Ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd gs ea raka mge mgrgh`d qug tfgig hdkd djlgtd mg stumfd tdmds aqugeeds hdioefhtds hdisfmgramds mg hdkpgtgihfa fitgriahfdiae, qug pugmgi hdkprgimgr eds hdioefh hdio efhtds tds mg egy egygs gs fit fitgria griahfd hfdiae iaegs, gs, ea hddpgra hddpgrahfø hføii prdhgsa prdhgsaee y hdimfh hdimfhføi føi lurëmf lurëmfha ha mg eds gxtrailgrds, sfgkprg qug gxfsta ui fitgrgs hfvfe d prfvamd. Gsta raka mge mgrgh`d, takjfgi gs hdidhfma hdkd mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae hfvfe. Gsta rgeahføi lurëmfha tfgig ea partfhuearfmam mg vaedrar eds hdioefhtds mg lurfsmfhhføi d mg egygs apefhajegs, y su ofi gs mgtgrkfiar ea idrka d egy mg quæ paës sg mgjg utfefzar gi ea sdeuhføi mg hdioefhtds fitgriahfdiaegs, asë hdkd mgtgrkfair qufgi sgrá ge lugz qug rgsdevgrá ea hditrdvgrsfa. Sdr ed aitgrfdr, ge mgrgh`d fitgrighfdi prfvamd tfgig gi hugita eas idrkas fitgrias mg eds gstamds gi katgrfa hfvfe, eds tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs, eds hdivgifds y ahugrmds gitrg eas iahfdigs, asë hdkd ea ouihfdigs qug mgsarrdeeai eds drnaifskds fitgriahfdiaegs gi katgrfa mg rgnueahføi mge mgrgh`d.

1.:.- Hditgifmd mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd Xu hditgifmd gsta hdiodrkamd pdr eas katgrfas qug fitgnrai su tgkátfha, mg mdimg sg mgsprgimg ea gxfstgihfa mg trgs hdihgphfdigs< ea hdihgphføi gstrfhta, ea hdihgphføi fitgrkgmfa y ea hdihgphføi akpefa. Ea hdihgphføi gstrfhta ge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd mgjg efkftarsg ae gstumfd y sdeuhføi mg eds hdioefhtds mg egygs, gsta hdihgphføi gxheuyg mge hditgifmd mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd a eds hdioefhtds mg lurfsmfhhføi, a ea iahfdiaefmam y a ea hdimfhføi lurëmfha mg eds gxtrailgrds. Ea hdihgph hdihgphføi føi fitgrkgmfa gstajeg gstajeghg hg qug ge hditgifmd hditgifmd mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Fitgriahfdiae 

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Srfvamd ajarharëa eds hdioefhtds mg egygs y eds hdioefhtds mg lurfsmfhhføi hdkd  prdjegkas mg hdkpgtgihfa lumfhfae. Asë, pdr glgkped, ge mdkfhfefd mg ui gxtrailgrd gi Kæxfhd rgsueta suofhfgitg para mar hdkpgtgihfa a eds trfjuiaegs Kgxfhaids. Ea hdihgphføi akpefa, mdimg ge mgrgh`d id pugmg sgr hdihgjfmd üifhakgitg hdkd ge hdiluitd mg rgneas gihakfiamas a saevar ge mgsgqufefjrfd prdmuhfmd pdr  ea mfvgrsfmam egnfseatfva gxfstgitg gitrg eds mfogrgitgs drmgiakfgitds lurëmfhds. Sdr ed huae, aui huaimd eds hdioefhtds mg egygs sdi ea katgrfa hgitrae, rgsueta ighgsarfd fiheufr mgitrd mge hditgifmd mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd a dtras katgrfas taegs hdkd ea iahfdiaefmam2 ea hdimfhføi lurëmfha mg eds gxtrailgrds y eds hdioefhtds mg lurfsmfhhføi y ge rghdidhfkfgitd y glghuhføi mg sgitgihfas y eaumds arjftraegs gxtrailgrds, pgrtgighfgitgs ae hakpd mg ea saihføi mg eds mgrgh`ds.

 

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1.8.- Ge mgrgh`d hdioefhtuae Xg eg hdidhg asë pdr sgr ge kætdmd gxfstgitg qug hdimuhg a ea rgsdeuhføi mg eds hdioefhtds mgrfvamds mg eas lurfmfhfdigs fitgriahfdiaegs qug pumfgrai prgsgitarsg. 1.=.- ]grkfidednëa Sugmg sgr mgofifmd hdkd ge hdiluitd mg idrkas lurëmfhas huyd djlgtfvd jusha mgtgrkfiar  huáe gs ea lurfsmfhhføi hdkpgtgitg d ea egy qug kgldr mgjgrá apefharsg gi ui hasd mg hdihurrgihfa hdihurrg ihfa sfkuetái sfkuetáiga ga mdimg mds d kás lurfsmf lurfsmfhhfdig hhfdigss d egygs, rgheakgi rgheakgi djsgrvaihfa djsgrvaihfa sgnüi ge gspahfd d tgrrftdrfd mdimg dhurrg, gs pdr geed qug kas hdküikgitg sg eg hdidhg hdkd ―hdioefhtd‛ d ―mgrgh`d hdioefhtuae‛.

 

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]GKA FF. OWGI]GX MGE MGZGH@D MG EDX HDIOEFH]DX MG EGVGX Xg mfhg qug huaimd surng ui ―hdioefhtd mg egygs'' id sdi eas egygs eas qug gitrai gi hdioefhtd, hdioefhtd, sfid eds sfstgkas lurëmfhds, mdimg odrka ui papge ouimakgitae eds sfstgkas tgrrftdrfaefstas.

:.1.- Iahfdiaegs Xg hdistftuygi pdr aqugeeas qug pdmgkds edhaefzar gi ge drmgi lurëmfhd vfngitg mg ui  paës gi gspghfofhd, eas huaegs pugmgi sgr aqugeeas egygs qug sg mgsprgimgi mgsprgi mgi mg eas idrkas fitgriahfdiaegs y aqugeeas egygs qug sg mgsefnai mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae. Gi Kæxfhd, eas idrkas mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfd fitgriahfdiae iae prfvamd sg gihugitrai gihugitrai gstajeghfmas gstajeghfmas gi eds hømfnds hfvfegs y mg prdhgmfkfgitds hfvfegs mg eas gitfmamgs ogmgratfvas, su práhtfha gs fkpdrtaitg sdjrg tdmd gi ge árga mg hdkgrhfd, ya qug pgrkftg a eds lughgs akpefar eas idrkas girfqughgr edsidrkas hrftgrfds gstajeghfmds gi sus egygs, maimd hgrtgza gi huaitd aelurëmfhas aehaihg yy sgitfmd mg eas lurëmfhas.

:.:.- Ougitgs Fitgriahfdiaegs Gstai Gst ai hdk hdkprgi prgimfm mfmas as pdr eds tra tratam tamds ds fitgria fitgriahfd hfdiae iaegs, gs, hdstuk hdstukjrg jrgss fitgria fitgriahfd hfdiaeg iaegs, s,  lurfsprumgihfa mg eds tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs y hdiogrgihfas mfpedkátfhas. ]dma geeas hdistftuygi odrkas mg hrgar idrkas lurëmfhas qug djefnai a kás mg ui Gstamd a rgspgtar  ahugrmds hdkd fistrukgitds mg rgsdeuhføi mg hdioefhtds. Ge ørnaid qug mgtgrkfia ea  lurfsprumgihfa gs ea Hdrtg Fitgriahfdiae mg Lustfhfa. L ustfhfa. :.8.- ]ratamds y hdivgifds Ge trat tratam amdd gs ui ah ahug ugrm rmdd pd pdrr gs gshr hrft ftdd mf mfrf rfnf nfmd md a md mdss d kás kás gi gitg tgss mg mgee Mgrg Mgrgh` h`dd Fitgr Fit griah iahfd fdiae iae,, hdkprg hdkprgim imgg ea ougit ougitgg mg mg mgrgh rgh`d `dss y dj djef efna nahf hfdig digss fi fitg tgria riahf hfdia diaeg egss  partfhueargs, asf kfskd, eds tratamds hditfgigi trgs aspghtds ouimakgitaegs< Fkputajfefmam a gitgs fitgriahfdiaegs, má drfngi a mgrgh`ds y djefnahfdigs, su karhd rgnueamdr gs ge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae. Ge tratamd hdistará mg mds gtapas qug sgrái, uia gtapa fifhfae, mdimg sg gstajeghg uia igndhfahføi, amdphføi y autgitfhahføi2 kfgitras qug gi su sgnuima gtapa (takjfæi eeakama gtapa ofiae), gs mdimg sg kaifofgsta ge hdisgitfkfgitd y pgroghhfdiakfgitd mg mfh`d hdisgitfkfgitd. Sdr su partg, huaimd `ajeakds mg hdivgif hdivgifds ds fitgriahfdia fitgriahfdiaegs, egs, æstds jushai sdeuhfdiar sdeuhfdiar ea hdefsføi hdefs føi mg mgrgh`ds qug sg drfnfi drfnfiaa hdi eds hdioefht hdioefhtds ds mg lurfsmfhhfø lurfsmfhhføii para sajgr huáe gs

 

13 ge trfjuiae y mg quæ Gstamd gs ge hdkpgtgitg para dhuparsg mg mar rgsdeuhføi a hditrdvgrsfas.

:.=.- Kæxf :.=.Kæxfhd hd y ea hd hdmf mfof ofha hahf hføi øi mg mgee Mgr Mgrgh gh`d `d Fitgr Fitgria iahf hfdi diae ae Srfv Srfvam amdd y Mg Mgrg rgh` h`dd uifodrkg a ifvge fitgriahfdiae Muraitg ?3 añds (16:0-1600) ge sfstgka lurëmfhd gi Kæxfhd oug ui sfstgka tgrrftdrfaefsta ajsdeutd, ed qug prdvdhø ui afseakfgitd lurëmfhd mg Kæxfhd hdi rgspghtd ae rgstd mge kuimd, sftuahføi qug ahajø gi 160?, huaimd ge ndjfgrid mghfmfø hakjfar ge kdmged ghdiøkfhd mge paës, vfæimdsg hdi gstg hakjfd gi ea ighgsfmam mg amdptar ui sfstgka qug sg fihefia pdr ge mgsarrdeed mg ea ghdidkëa, eds mgrgh`ds `ukaids, mg ea kdvfefmam mg eas oakfefas y mge hdkgrhfd.   ea sgparahføi gitrg eas mds rgaefmamgs lurëmfhas, ea fitgria y ea fitgriahfdiae, qug dpgrø  pdr kuh`ds aeds gi Kæxfhd, mgsaparghfø gi ge kdkgitd qug sg aehaizø ea fitgr itgria iahf hfdi diae aefz fzah ahfø føii mg ea ghdi ghdidk dkëëa, hu huai aimd md sg gkpg gkpgzø zø a vf vfvf vfrr ui kui uimd md fitgriahfdiaefzamd. Mg gsta kaigra, ge kuimd nedjaefzamd tfgig gitrg dtrds trfjutarfds a eds ahugrmds gitrg paësgs, tratamds y hdivgifds fitgriahfdiaegs, pdr ui eamd, y pdr ge dtrd, a aqugeea kuetftum mg traisahhfdigs jaiharfas, hdkgrhfaegs y mg sgrvfhfds mg ui paës d hditfigitg a dtrd, qug rgaefzai eds partfhueargs a gshaea kuimfae y qug sg fihrgkgitø hdisfmgrajegkgitg hdi eds kgmfds geghtrøifhds mg hdkuifhahføi. Ge mgrgh`d uifodrkg, sg trata gitdihgs mg ea uifofhahføi mg eas idrkas mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdia fitgr iahfdiaee prfvam prfvamd, d, orgitg a eas mgidkfiamas mgidkfiamas sftuahfdig sftuahfdigss prfvam prfvamas as fitgriahfdia fitgriahfdiaegs, egs, ea huae hdkfgiza a vgrsg hdkd uia sdeuhføi lurëmfha øptfka y ahdrmg a eas mfvgrsas sgisfjfefmamgs hueturaegs y lurëmfhas iahfdiaegs mg eds Gstamds partëhfpgs.

:.7.- Mgrgh`d hdivgihfdiae fitgriahfdiae Hdistftuyg uia raka mgitrd mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae qug sg giharna gspghëofhakgitg mg eds eds hdi hdivg vgif ifds ds fi fitg tgria riahf hfdia diaeg egss qu qugg ao aogh ghta taii a gsta gsta katg katgrf rfa. a. Æs Æstg tg sg hd hdkp kpdi dig, g, gsgihfaekgitg, mg hdivgifds para mg gsta odrka gvftar ea mupefhfmam mg fkpdsfhføi fitgriahfdiae.

:.7.1.- Hdivgifds fitgriahfdiaegs mge Mgrgh`d Srfvamd @ay varfas hdiogrgihfas y gvgitds fitgriahfdiaegs qug `fstørfhakgitg karhardi ea pauta `ahfa ge surnfkfgitd mg ahugrmds fitgriahfdiaegs, pdr hftar aenuids, tgigkds qug, gi ge añd mg 1066, sg hgegjrø ea Hdiogrgihfa mg Ea @aya hdkd prfkgr odrd fitgriahfdiae gi gspghfofhar eas hdimfhfdigs y rgqufsftds para ea hgegjrahføi mg tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs. Gi ge añd mg 16:0, gi ea @ajaia, ea Hdiogrgihfa Saiakgrfhaia, hdkd prghursdra gi tdmd ge hditfigitg akgrfhaid gi gstajeghgr eas hdimfhfdigs para ea hgegjrahføi mg tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs. V gi gimg Saiaká, oug gxheusfvakgitg gi 16>7, katgrfa Mgrgh`dHdivgihfdigs FitgriahfdiaeFitgrakgrfhaias, Srfvamd, sded pdrhuya hftartgkátfha aenuias

 

11 qug `asta ea ogh`a, `ai sfmd ea aitgsaea mg mfvgrsds hømfnds hfvfegs gi tdmd ge hditfigitg akgrfhaid.

:.7.:.- Hdiogrgihfa mg ea @aya Hgegjrama gi 1066, ea hdiogrgihfa mg Ea @aya gs hdisfmgrama hdkd ge prfkgr odrd fitgriahfdia fitgr iahfdiaee gi gspghfofhar gspghfofhar eas hdimfhfdigs hdimfhfdigs y rgqufsf rgqufsftds tds para ea hgegjrahføi mg trata tratamds mds gitr gitrgg eds eds mf mfvg vgrsd rsdss sul sulgt gtds ds mg ea sdh sdhfg fgmam mam fi fitg tgri riahf ahfdi diae ae.. Mg gsta gsta hd hdiog iogrgi rgihf hfaa sg mgsprgim mgsp rgimfgr fgrdi di eds prfihf prfihfpae paegs gs ørnaids ørnaids hdk hdkdd trf trfjuia juiaegs egs y hdrtgs hdrtgs fitgri fitgriahf ahfdia diaegs egs y rgnfdiaegs qug ahtuaekgitg rfngi ge sfstgka lurëmfhd fitgriahfdiae.

:.?.- Lurfsprumgihfa fitgriahfdiae Ea lurfsprumgihfa fitgriahfdiae gsta fitgnrama kgmfaitg eds hrftgrfds qug sdstfgigi eds ]rfjuiaegs Fitgriahfdiaegs, kfskds qug amqufgrgi ougrza mg haráhtgr djefnatdrfd para eds kfgkjrds mg ea hdkuifmam fitgriahfdiae gi eds asuitds qug egs hdkpgtgi, pdr ed huae, ea kgld kg ldrr odr odrka ka mg fi fitg tgrpr rprgt gtah ahfø føii mg tr trat atam amds ds fi fitg tgria riahf hfdia diaeg egss sd sdii ea eass hdivg hdivgih ihfd fdig igss fitgriahfdiaegs, gi eas huaegs, eds gxpgrtds gi eas katgrfas aiaefzai mfh`ds tratamds, hdkgitai y dorghgi uia ahtuaefzahføi mg eds tgkas, jrfimaimd gi gstas kgsas mg trajald ougitgs odrkaegs mfrghtas para ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd.

:.>.- Hdstukjrg fitgriahfdiae Hdkprgimg aqugeea idrka rgsuetaitg mg uia práhtfha ngigrae, aqugeea qug `a sfmd hdistaitg, uifodrkg y muramgra a travæs mge tfgkpd, rgaefzama pdr eds sulgtds mge Mgrgh`d Fitgr Fit griah iahfd fdiae iae hd hdii ea hd hdivf ivfhh hhfø føii mg sgr lu lurë rëmf mfha hakg kgit itgg djefn djefnat atdrf drfa. a. Mg ed edss usds usds y hdstukjrgs hdstuk jrgs gi katgrfa katgrfa mg mgrgh`d fitgria fitgriahfdiae hfdiae,, sg mgsprgimgi mgsprgimgi mds hatgndrëas, hatgndrëas, aqugeeas qug gs eeakama pdsftfva qug hdkprgimg ahhfdigs, y ea hdidhfma hdkd ignatfva, pugs hdkprgimgr tdmas aqugeeas dkfsfdigs qug pdmrëai prsgitarsg. Asf kfskd, eas hdstukjrgs sdstfgigi ge gegkgitd katgrfae (ea práhtfha hdistaitg, uifodrkg y hditfiuama) y ge gegkgit geg kgitdd kdt kdtfva fvahfd hfdiae iae (hdivgi (hdivgihfk hfkfgi fgitd td mge sulgtd sulgtd para hdiodrk hdiodrkar ar uia djefna djefnahfø hføii  lurëmfha).

 

1:

]GKA FFF. MGZGH@D HDIOEFH]WAE 8.1.- Hdioefhtd mg egygs Gi ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd, gs mg gspgrar, qug gxfstai mfvgrsds drmgiakfgitds gitrg eds Gstamds qug pdr ui eamd fitgnrai ui tratamd fitgriahfdiae d tfgimgi a rghagr gi uia hditrdvgrsfa fitgriahfdiae mg fitgræs prfvamd y pdr dtrd eamd gxfsta ge fitgræs mg partg mg eds  partfhueargs d fistftuhfdigs qug gxfngi ea apefhahføi mg aenüi drmgiakfgitd pdr ea vëa mg hditrdvgrsfa fitgriahfdiae, sfi gkjarnd, ge gstumfd mg gstg hdioefhtd mg egygs y idrkas fitgrias orgitg a eas idrkas fitgriahfdiaegs, gs ge ofi prfkdrmfae mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd. 8.1.1.- Hrftfha a mfh`a mgidkfiahføi Mgjg Mg jg hdkp hdkprg rgimg imgrsg rsg qu qugg ge tæ tærk rkfi fidd ―hdi ―hdioe oefh fhtd td‛‛ gi gstg gstg sgitf sgitfmd md,, sg gi gihu hugit gitra ra ka kaee gkpegamd, ya qug aitg uia euh`a d mfstfihføi mg egygs2 ge hdioefhtd sg rgofgrg a ea muaefmam mg drmgiakfgitds lurëmfhds apefhajegs a ea kfska sftuahføi lurëmfha y qug ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae fitgriahfdiae prfvam prfvamdd sg giharna mg mgtgrk mgtgrkfiar fiar quæ mgrgh`d sg mgjgrá apefha apefharr d  jfgi, quæ egy mgjg dhuparsg gi ea sftuahføi lurëmfha gi partfhuear. Eds hdioefhtds mg egygs gi ka katg tgrf rfaa mg gs gspa pahf hfdd (t (tgr grrf rftd tdrf rfdd oë oësf sfhd hd)) sd sdii he heas asfo fofh fham amds ds hd hdkd kd ia iahf hfdi diae aegs gs g fitgriahfdiaegs. 8.1.:.- Hdioefhtd mg egygs a ifvge iahfdiae g fitgriahfdiae Ge drfn drfngi gi mge mge hd hdio ioef efht htdd mg eg egyg ygss fi fitg tgri riah ahfd fdia iaeg egss pr prdv dvfg fgig ig mg ea mf mfvg vgrs rsfm fmam am mg drmgiakfgitds lurëmfhds qug hditfgig hama Gstamd gi su mgrgh`d fitgrid, asf kfskd, gxfs gxfstg tgii pa paës ësgs gs qug gsta gstaje jeghg ghgii ui uiaa mf mfvf vfsf sføi øi tg tgrrf rrftd tdrf rfae ae,, gi gitg tgimf imfæi æimds mdsgg hdkd hdkd ui uiaa ogmgrahføi ogmgrah føi mdimg sg dtdrna hdkpgtg hdkpgtgihfa ihfa egnfs egnfseatf eatfva va a sus mfvgrsas mfvgrsas gitfmamgs gitfmamgs ogmgratfvas ogmgratfvas  para rgnuearfzar sus katgrfas, taegs hdkd mgrgh`d pgiae, hfvfe, oakfefar, gthætgra. Mgjfmd a ea mfvgrsfmam mg sfstgkas lurëmfhds qug sg gihugitrai gi ge kuimd, mfh`ds hdioefhtds hdioef htds mg egygs surngi huaimd gxfstg uia hdigxføi hdigxføi gitrg eds gegkgitds gegkgitds d ahtds gitrg mds d kás sfstgkas lurëmfhds fimgpgimfgitgs mg hama Gstamd sdjgraid.

8.1.8.- Seuraefmam kgtdmdeønfha

 

18 Ge hdit hditgx gxtd td ah ahtu tuae ae mg mgee Mg Mgrgh rgh`d `d Fit Fitgri griah ahfd fdiae iae Sr Srfv fvam amdd rgsue rgsueta ta tr trgs gs ed edss kætd kætdmd mdss ouimakgitaegs mg eds huaegs sg para rgneakgitar ea rgeahføi prfvama fitgriahfdiae< ge kætdmd mg geghhføi d mg atrfjuhføi2 ge kætdmd mg hrgahføi d sustaihfaefsta, takjfæi hdidhfmd hdidhf md hdkd kætdmd mg hrgahføi sustaihfae sustaihfaefsta fsta d kætdmd kætdmd mg eas idrkas katgrfaegs2 katgrfaegs2 y ge kætdmd autdefkftatfvd d gxheusfvfsta, d kætdmd mg eas idrkas mg apefhahføi ighgsarfa d fikgmfata.

8.1.8.1.- Idrkas hdioefhtfvas ]akjfæi hdidhfmd hdkd kætdmd mg atrfjuhføi d mg geghhføi, pdr kuh`d tfgkpd gra ge üifhd prdhgmfkfgitd mg eas huaegs mfspdiëa ge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd para eegvar  a hajd su targa mg rgneakgitahføi, mdimg ge prdjegka a sdeuhfdiar gs ea geghhføi mge mgrgh`d apefhajeg gitrg tdmas aqugeeas pdsfjfefmamgs y idrkatfvas a eds qug sg gihugitra vfihueamd ge prdjegka gi partfhuear. Sartfgimd mg ed aitgrfdr, jásfhakgitg gstakds `ajeaimd mg ui prdjegka mg geghhføi mg ea kgldr idrka a apefhar. 8.1.8.:.- Idrkas katgrfaegs Srfihfpaegkitg jushai prdpdrhfdiar uia sdeuhføi prgvgitfva qug amgeaitáimdsg a ea ngigrahføi mge prdjegka prgvga su sdeuhføi katgrfae y mfrghta mg kaigra aitfhfpama, gvftaimd asë qug dhurrfmd ge prdjegka sg prdmuzha ui hdioefhtd mg egygs gitrg eds drmgiakfgitds lurëmfhds y qug sg tgina, pdr taitd, qug gegnfr gitrg aqugeeds ge mgrgh`d apefhajeg. Sugmgi heasfofharsg mg ea sfnufgitg odrka< 



 Idrkas gtátfhas d mg fispfrahføi iahfdiae< sg ngigrai gi ge ákjftd mg ui Gstamd mgtgrkfiamd y mgjgi su hrgahføi a uia egy iahfdiae. Hama Gstamd geajdra sus idrkas gtátfhas mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd gi ouihføi mg su partfhuear  hdihgphføi hdihgph føi ahgrha mge mgrgh`d. Gi gstg tfpd mg idrkas ge drmgiakfgitd drmgiakfgitd lurëmfhd lurëmfhd fitgita prdyghtar sus prdpfds puitds mg vfsta, sus prdpfas hatgndrëas lurëmfhas, a ea rgneakgitahføi gspghëofha qug gstajeghg, pgrd a su vgz devfma tdkar gi hugita eas sdeuhfdigs prgvfstas pdr dtrds drmgiakfgitds lurëmfhds.  Idrkas fitgrgtátfhas d mg fispfrahføi fitgriahfdiae< Xdi idrkas hrgamas pdr  hdivgifds d tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs, sus rgeahfdigs prfvamas Fitgriahfdiaegs qugmai qugm ai sdk sdkgtf gtfmas mas a mgtgrkf mgtgrkfiam iamas as sde sdeuhf uhfdig digss katgrf katgrfaeg aegss hrgamas hrgamas a partfr partfr mge ahugrmd gitrg eds Gstamds, Gstamds, mdimg sg tfgig tfgig hdkd djlgtfvd ouimakgitae ouimakgitae arkdif arkdifzar  zar  eas prdpfas sdeuhfdigs hdi eas mg dtrds sfstgkas lurëmfhds y ednrar `dkdngigfmam egnfseatfva.

8.1.8.8.- Idrkas mg apefhahføi fikgmfata Xg egs hdidhg asf a eas idrkas huya apefhahføi gs fikgmfata d ighgsarfa, ya qug id rgqufgrgi mg ea kgmfahføi mg eas idrkas mg hdioefhtd mg egygs, djefnai a tdmds eds qug `ajf `a jfta taii gi ge tg tgrrf rrftd tdrf rfdd mg ui Gsta Gstamd md,, sdi gx gxhe heusf usfva vas, s, pdrqug pdrqug gx gxhe heuy uygi gi a dt dtras ras rgnueahfdigs, sdi djefnatdrfas, sdi mg haráhtgr fisustftufjeg y mg apefhahføi ighgsarfa, id

 

1= hdihgmgi rgegvaihfa lurëmfha aenuia a eds gegkgitds gxtrailgrds gxfstgitgs gi ea rgeahføi a rgnuear if a egy gxtrailgra aenuia, mg gsta odrka prgvaeghgi sdjrg eas idrkas mg hdioefhtd gi razøi mg qug hukpegi uia ouihføi sdhfae mg tae fkpdrtaihfa qug id pugmg sgr pdstgrnama. Gstas idrkas pugmgi sgr rgnueamas a travæs mg pdefhëa y autdrfmam mg drmgi püjefhd.

8.1.8.=.- Idrkas mg mgrgh`d uifodrkg Eas idrkas uifodrkgs sg giharnai mg rgnuear eas sftuahfdigs vfihueamas hdi mfvgrsas iahfdigs y huya sdeuhføi fitgrgsa a ea hdkuifmam fitgriahfdiae hdkd, pdr glgkped, ea amdphføi mg kgidrgs, sdi eas idrkas qug rgnueai aspghtds mg ea hddpgrahføi prdhgsae fitgriahfdiae y auxfefd lumfhfae gi ea rgaefzahføi mg ahtuahfdigs mg trákftg prdhgmfkgitae  para anfefzar ea glghuhføi gxtratgrrftdrfae mg rgsdeuhfdigs lurfsmfhhfdiaegs.

 

17

]GKA F_. ZGODZKAX MG 1600 A EA EGNFXEAHFØI GI KA]GZFA HDIOEFH]WAE =.1.- Fioeugihfas mg eds hdivgifds fitgriahfdiaegs mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd Ge artëhued 188 mg ea Hdistftuhføi Hdistftuhføi Sdeëtf Sdeëtfha ha mg eds Gstamds Wifmds Kgxfhaids Kgxfhaids gstajeghg qug ea  prdpfa Hdistftuhføi, eas egygs mge Hdinrgsd mg ea Wiføi qug gkaigi mg geea y tdmds eds ]ratamds qug gstæi mg ahugrmd hdi ea kfska, hgegjramds y qug sg hgegjrgi pdr ge prgsfmgitg mg ea Zgpüjefha, hdi aprdjahføi mge Xgiamd, sgrái ea Egy Xuprgka mg tdma ea Wiføi. Mgrfvamd mge gstumfd mge artëhued 188 mg ea hdistftuhføi kgxfhaia, sg aofrka ge muaefskd  lurëmfhd mge drmgi egnae kgxfhaid ya qug ge mgrgh`d fitgrid id gstá supgmftamd ae fitgriahfdiae, sfi gkjarnd, sf ed rghdidhg hdkd egnëtfkd2 sg ujfha a eds tratamds y hdiv hdivgi gihf hfdi digs gs fi fitg tgri riah ahfd fdia iaeg egss gi ge kfsk kfskdd if ifvg vgee qu qugg ea eass eg egyg ygs, s, sg hd hdio iofr frka ka ea  prdhgmgihfa mge lufhfd mg akpard hdkd kgmfd mg hditrde mg ea egnaefmam orgitg a tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs. Mg geed sg mgsprgimgi ahugrmds qug partgi mg odrds fitgriahfdiaegs qug jushai ea vfihueahføi mg ahugrmds y tratamds id kdmfofqugi ge drmgi lurëmfhd fitgrid, pugs su djlgtfvd gs odrtaeghgr rgeahfdigs fitgriahfdiaegs mg Kæxfhd.

=.1.1.- Eds trajalds mg ea Ahamgkfa Kgxfha Kgxfhaia ia mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriah Fitgriahfdiae fdiae Srfvamd y mg Mgrgh`d Hdkparamd Ea Ahamgkfa Kgxfhaia mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae gs uia drnaifzahføi fitgnrama pdr eds  prfihfpaegs fitgriahfdiaefstas mg Kæxfhd, Eatfidakærfha y Gurdpa, ea huea sg giharna gihar na mg odkgitar ea fivgstfnahføi, ge gstumfd y mfousføi mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, mge Mgrgh`d Hdkparamd y mg mfshfpefias rgeahfdiamas. Gi 160> ea Ahamgkfa Kgxfhaia mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae hgegjrø ge Xgkfiarfd Iahfdiae mg Mgrgh`d Srfvamd y mg sus hdiheusfdigs surnfø ea rgodrka ae Hømfnd Hfvfe gi 1600, nrahfas a ea huae, Kæxfhd pasø a sgr mg ui paës tgrrftdrfaefsta a uid gxtratgrrftdrfaefsta, mdimg sus prfihfpaegs glgs ougrdi ge Hømfnd Iahfdiae mg Srdhgmfkfgitds Hfvfegs y Oakfefargs, Oakfe fargs, ea Hddpgra Hddpgrahføi hføi prdhgsae fitgriahfd fitgriahfdiae iae gi katgrfa katgrfa mg prdtghhføi prdtghhføi mg kgidrgs kgidrgs

 

1? (Djefnahfdigs aefkgitarfas, hustdmfa y rgstftuhføi fitgriahfdiae mg kgidrgs), ge Arjftralg Hdkgrh Hdk grhfae fae Fit Fitgria griahfd hfdiae iae,, ge Mgrgh`d Mgrgh`d apefha apefhajeg jeg a eds hditra hditratds tds fitgri fitgriahf ahfdiae diaegs, gs, ea Katg Ka tgrif rifma mamm pd pdrr sujrdn sujrdnah ahfø føii y pa pargl rglas as mg `gh `gh`d `d gi gitr trgg dt dtrd rdss tg tgka kass mg Mg Mgrg rgh` h`dd Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd.

=.1.:.- Xgkfiarfds iahfdiaegs mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd Xdi gvgitds mdimg sg `ahg mg ea partf partfhfpahf hfpahføi øi mg gxpgrtds gxpgrtds mg ea ahamgkfa, ahamgkfa, ea lumfhatura lumfhatura ogmgrae y edhae, y mge ndjfgrid, ed huae tfgig pdr djlgtd girfqughgr ge fitgrhakjfd mg fmgas pdr kgmfd mge aiáefsfs mg eas prdjegkátfhas ahtuaegs mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd y eas mfogrgitgs pgrspghtfvas mg eds pdigitgs, hdi ea ofiaefmam mg mgjatfr sdjrg  prdpugstas mg sdeuhføi.

=.:.- Hditgifmd a eas rgodrkas mge Hømfnd Hfvfe mge > mg gigrd mg 1600 Ge mëa > mg gigrd mg 1600 sg pujefhardi mds mghrgtds gi ge Mfarfd Dofhfae qug hdkprgimgr eds sfnufgitgs puitds< Xg rgodrka y amfhfdia ge Hømfnd Hfvfe para ge Mfstrftd Ogmgrae gi Katgrfa Hdküi 

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y para tdma ea Zgpüjefha gi Katgrfa Ogmgrae. Xg rgodrka y amfhfdia ge Hømfnd mg Srdhgmfkfgitds Hfvfegs para ge Mfstrftd Ogmgrae. Asfkfskd, ge mëa 1: mg gigrd mg 1600 gi ge Mfarfd Dofhfae sg pujefhø ui mghrgtd pdr ge qug sg rgodrka y amfhfdia ge Hømfnd Ogmgrae mg Srdhgmfkfgitds Hfvfegs. Ge mëa = mg gigrd mg 1606 sg pujefhardi gi ge Mfarfd Dofhfae eas rgodrkas, amfhfdigs y mgrdnahføi mg varfas mfspdsfhfdigs mge Hømfnd mg Hdkgrhfd, aenuias mg eas huaegs sg rgofgrgi ae hdioefhtd mg egygs y a ea hddpgrahføi prdhgsae fitg fitgria riahf hfdi diae ae.. Hajg Hajg sgñ sgñae aear ar qug ea eass rg rgodr odrka kass a qu qugg sg ae aeum umgg sg rg rgof ofgrg grgii a kdmfofhahfdigs gi katgrfa mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd.

=.8.- ]grrftdrfaefmam mge prghgptd y sus gxhgphfdigs Ge artëhued 1: mge Hømfnd Hfvfe, aitgs mg ea rgodrka, sdstgiëa qug ―Eas egygs kgxfhaias, fiheuygimd eas qug sg rgofgrgi ae gstamd y hapahfmam mg eas pgrsdias, sg apefhai a tdmds eds `ajftaitgs `ajftaitgs mg ea Zgpüje Zgpüjefha, fha, ya sgai iahfdiaegs d gxtrailgrds‛. gxtrailgrds‛. Ea mdhtrfia mdhtrfia kgxfhaia gs gsta taja ja hdis hdishf hfgi gitg tg mg qu qugg ge kayd kaydrr dj djst stáh áhue uedd pa para ra ui uiaa kdmg kdmgri rifz fzah ahfø føii gr graa ge tgrrf tgrrftd tdrf rfae aefs fskd kd.. Ge a` a`dra dra rg rgodr odrka kamd md tg tgxt xtdd mge artëh artëhue uedd 1: gs gsta taje jegh ghgg qug ea eass eg egyg ygss kgxfhaias rfngi a tdmas eas pgrsdias qug sg gihugitrgi gi ea Zgpüjefha, asë hdkd eds ahtds y `gh`ds dhurrfmds gi su tgrrftdrfd d lurfsmfhhføi y aqugeeds qug sg sdkgtgi a mfh`as egygs2 saevd, huaimd æstas prgvgai ea apefhahføi mg ui mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd y saevd, amgkás, ed prgvfstd gi eds tratamds y hdivgihfdigs mg qug Kæxfhd sga partg.

 

1> Hdkd pdmgkds vgr, sg sfnug hdisgrvaimd ge tgrrftdrfaefskd, pgrd takjfæi sg ajrg ea  pdsfjfefmam mg apefhar ge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd huaimd eas kfskas egygs iahfdiaegs asë ed  prgvgai y huaimd asë ed mfspdinai eds tratamds ofrkamds y ratfofhamds pdr Kæxfhd.

=.=.- Hditgifmd mge artëhued 18 mge Hømfnd Hfvfe Gstfpuea eas hdimfhfdigs para rghdidhgr mgitrd mg ui tgrrftdrfd para sgr sulgtds mg  prdhgsar jald eds tærkfids mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd.

=.=.1.- Sartg ngigr =.=.1.ngigrae< ae< Artëhued 18, orahhføi F mge Hømfnd Hfvfe para eas sftuahfdigs  lurëmfhas váefmakgitg hrgamas gi eas gitfmamgs mg ea Zgpüjefha d gi ui Gstamd gxtrailgrd hdiodrk hdi odrkaa a su mgrgh`d mgrgh`d mgjg mgjgrái rái sgr rgh rghdidh didhfma fmas, s, së mgtgrk mgtgrkfia fiaii hdkd hdkd prgsupug prgsupugstd std gsgihfae para sgr rghdidhfmas y hdisghugitgkgitg para qug surtai sus goghtds gi gsta hfumam d ge paës huaimd asë sg gstajegzha gi geahtd lurëmfhd rgspghtfvd, hdiodrkg a ed  prgvfstd pdr ea orahhføi _ mg mfh`d drmgiakfgitd egnae, qug ge ahtd lurëmfhd sga váefmd hdiodrkg a eas egygs mge efnar gi qug sg gkdtfø, ed qug fkpefha ea apefhahføi mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd para aiaefzar prghfsakgitg sf oug váefmakgitg hrgamd, ed qug gs ahdrmg hdi ge prfihfpfd lurëmfhd mg qug ge bunar rfng ge ahtd. Geed, pdrqug ea rgogrfma orahhføi _ gstajeghg gi odrka gxprgsa ea saevgmam mg ed prgvgifmd gi eas mgkás orahhfdigs mge prghgptd gi hfta, mgitrd mg ea qug sg gihugitra ea hdimfhføi qug hditgkpea ea orahhføi F mge rgogrfmd artëhued, hdisfstgitg gi qug ge ahtd mg qug sg tratg sg `aya hgegjramd hgegjr amd váefmakgit váefmakgitgg gi ge gstamd gxtrak gxtraklgrd, lgrd, hdiodrkg a su mgrgh`d, pugstd qug gsas mds orahhfdigs, F y _, id mgjgi fitgrprgtarsg mg odrka afseama sfid mg kaigra hdiluita y arkøif ark øifha, ha, pdrqug pdrqug eas mfsp mfspdsf dsfhfd hfdigs igs egn egnaeg aegss d sg hdkpeg hdkpegkgi kgitai tai d sg gxheuy gxheuygi. gi. Ea orahhføi F mge artëhued 18 mge Hømfnd Hfvfe Ogmgrae gstajeghg ea rgnea mg apefhahføi mg ea egy mge eyn eynar ar gi qug surt surtaa goghtds goghtds ge ahtd ahtd hgegjra hgegjramd md gi ge gxtrail gxtrailgrd, grd, pgrd takjfæ takjfæii  prgvfgig qug ge ahtd mgja sgr váefmd hdiodrkg a ea egy mge eunar gi qug sg hgegjrø, y gstd gs ahdrmg hdi ge prfihfpfd mg drmgi püjefhd qug mgjg sgr djsgrvamd pdr ge ørnaid  lurfsmfhhfdiae, taitd rgspghtd mg su mgrgh`d fitgrid hdkd mge mgrgh`d gxtraklgrd. Sdr  taitd, aitg uia hditrdvgrsfa, ge ørnaid lurfsmfhhfdiae gi qug sg hugstfdia prghfsakgitg ea vaefmgz mge ahtd, tfgig qug `ahgr tae vgrfofhahføi id hdiodrkg a su mgrgh`d iahfdiae gxheusfvakgitg, sfid qug mgjg atgimgr a eas egygs mge eunar mg ea hgegjrahføi mge ahtd. Gi gstg supugstd hdjra pegia apefhahføi ge prfihfpfd mg qug ge ahtd sg rfng pdr ea egy mge eunar gi qug sg hgegjrø, y sg trata mg ui hasd mg gxhgphf gxhgphføi øi a ea rgnea ngigrae mg qug uia sdea rgeahføi lurëmfha id pugmg rgnfrsg ae kfskd tfgkpd pdr mds sfstgkas lurëmfhds mfvgrsds, pdrqug pdr uia partg mgjg atgimgrsg a ea egy mge eunar gi qug va a surtfr sus goght goghtds ds y, mg mgsmg smg eu eugn gnd, d, pdr ui uiaa hu hugst gstfø føii mg drmgi drmgi eø eønf nfhd hd gsg gsgih ihfa fae, e, prfkg prfkgrd rd mg mgjg jg mgtgrkfiarsg sf gs váefmd, para pdstgrfdrkgitg aiaefzar sus goghtds.

=.=.:.- Zgneas

 

10 Artëhued 18.- Ea mgtgrkfiahføi mge mgrgh`d apefhajeg sg `ará hdiodrkg a eas sfnufgitgs rgneas< Eas sftuahfdigs sftuahfdigs lurëmfhas lurëmfhas váefmakg váefmakgitg itg hrgamas gi eas gitfmamgs mg ea Zgpüjefha Zgpüjefha d gi ui Gstamd gxtrailgrd hdiodrkg a su mgrgh`d, mgjgrái sgr rghdidhfmas2 Ge gstamd y hapahfmam mg eas pgrsdias oësfhas sg rfng pdr ge mgrgh`d mge eunar mg su mdkfhfefd2 Ea hdistftuhføi, rænfkgi y gxtfihføi mg eds mgrgh`ds rgaegs sdjrg fikugjegs, asë hdkd eds hditratds mg arrgimakfgitd y mg usd tgkpdrae mg taegs jfgigs, y eds  jfgigs kugjegs, sg rgnfrái pdr ge mgrgh`d mge eunar mg su ujfhahføi, auiqug sus tftueargs sgai gxtrailgrds2 Ea odrka mg eds ahtds lurëmfhds sg rgnfrá pdr ge mgrgh`d mge eunar gi qug sg hgegjrgi. Xfi gkjarnd, pdmrái sulgtarsg a eas odrkas prgshrftas gi gstg Hømfnd huaimd ge ahtd `aya mg tgigr goghtds gi ge Mfstrftd Ogmgrae d gi ea Zgpüjefha tratáimdsg mg katgrfa ogmgrae2 y Xaevd ed prgvfstd gi eas orahhfdigs aitgrfdrgs, eds goghtds lurëmfhds mg eds ahtds y hditratds sg rgnfrái pdr ge mgrgh`d mge eunar gi mdimg mgjai glghutarsg, a kgids mg qug eas partgs partgs `ujf `ujfgrai grai mgsfni mgsfniamd amd váefma váefmakgi kgitg tg ea apefha apefhajfe jfefma fmamm mg dtrd dtrd mgrgh`d. 

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=.=.:.1.- Xftuahfdigs lurëmfhas amqufrfmas gi ge gxtrailgrd y rghdidhfmas gi Kæxfhd (tgdrëa mg eds ―_gstgm rfn`ts‛) Gstg Gstg tfpd tfpd mg hd hdit itrg rgvgr vgrsf sfas as sug sugeg egii dh dhurr urrfr fr huaim huaimdd ea id idrk rkaa lu lurë rëmf mfha ha hd hdisf isfmgr mgram amaa hdkpgtgitg gs ea idrka lurëmfha iahfdiae. Gi gstg hasd, ge hdioefhtd mg egygs mgjgrá gihdit gih ditrar rar uia sdeuhf sdeuhføi øi tgr tgrrft rftdrf drfae. ae. Gitrgt Gitrgtait aitd, d, huaimd huaimd ea idrka idrka lur lurëmf ëmfha ha hdkpgt hdkpgtgit gitgg rgsuetaitg mg ea idrka mg hdioefhtd gs ea idrka lurëmfha gxtrailgra, gitdihgs gstakds gi  prgsgihfa mg uia sdeuhføi gxtratgrrftdrfae. =.=.:.:.- Gstamd y hapahfmam mg eas pgrsdias Eds Ndjfgrids mg eds Gstamds Kfgkjrds mg ea Drnaifzahføi mg eds Gstamds Akgrfhaids, mgsgdsds mg hdihgrtar uia hdivgihføi sdjrg pgrsdiaefmam y hapahfmam mg pgrsdias  lurëmfhas gi ge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, `ai ` ai ahdrmamd ed sfnufgitg< Artëh Art ëhue uedd 1< Ea prg prgsgi sgitg tg Hdivg Hdivgih ihfø føii sg apefh apefhará ará a ea eass pg pgrsd rsdias ias lu lurë rëmf mfhas has hdistftufmas gi huaequfgra mg eds Gstamds Sartgs, gitgimfæimdsg pdr pgrsdia  lurëmfha tdma gitfmam qug tgina gxfstgihfa y rgspdisajfefmam prdpfas, mfstfitas a eas mg sus kfgkjrds d ouimamdrgs, y qug sga haefofhama hdkd pgrsdia lurëmfha sgnüi ea egy mge eunar mg su hdistftuhføi. Ar Artë tëhu hued ed :< Ea gx gxfs fstg tgih ihfa fa,, ea ha hapa pahf hfma mamm pa para ra sg sgrr tf tftu tuea earr mg mg mgrg rgh` h`ds ds y djefna dje fnahfd hfdigs, igs, ge ouihfdi ouihfdiakf akfgit gitd, d, ea mfsdeu mfsdeuhfø hføii y ea ousføi ousføi mg eas pgrsdia pgrsdiass  lurëmfhas mg haráhtgr prfvamd sg rfngi r fngi pdr ea egy mge eunar mg su hdistftuhføi. 

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Artëhued 8< Eas pgrsdias lurëmfhas prfvamas, mgjfmakgitg hdistftufmas gi ui Gstamd Sartg, sgrái rghdidhfmas mg pegid mgrgh`d gi eds mgkás Gstamds Sartgs. Ge rghdidhfkfgitd mg pegid mgrgh`d id gxheuyg ea oahuetam mge Gstamd Sartg para gxfnfr ea hdkprdjahføi mg qug ea pgrsdia lurëmfha gxfstg hdiodrkg a ea egy mge eunar mg su hdistftuhføi. Artëhued =< Sara ge glgrhfhfd mg ahtds hdkprgimfmds gi ge djlgtd sdhfae mg eas  pgrsdias lurëmfhas prfvamas prfvamas,, rgnfrá ea egy mge Gstamd Sartg mdimg sg rgaefhgi taegs ahtds. Artëhued 7< Eas pgrsdias lurëmfhas prfvamas hdistftufmas gi ui Gstamd Sartg qug  prgtgimai gstajeghgr ea sgmg goghtfva mg su amkfifstrahføi gi dtrd Gstamd Sartg,  pdmrái sgr djefnamas a hukpefr hdi eds rgqufsftds gstajeghfmds gi ea egnfseahføi mg gstg üetfkd. Artëhued ?< Huaimd ea pgrsdia lurëmfha prfvama ahtüg pdr kgmfd mg rgprgsgitaitg, gi ui Gstamd mfstfitd mge mg su hdistftuhføi, sg gitgimgrá qug gsg rgprgsgitaitg, d qufgi ed sustftuya, pdmrá rgspdimgr mg pegid mgrgh`d a eds rgheakds y mgkaimas qug hditra mfh`a pgrsdia pumfgrai fitgitarsg hdi kdtfvd mg eds ahtds gi hugstføi. Artëhued >< Hama Gstamd Sartg y eas mgkás pgrsdias lurëmfhas mg mgrgh`d püjefhd drnaifzamas mg ahugrmd hdi su egy, ndzarái mg pgrsdiaefmam lurëmfha prfvama mg  pegid mgrgh`d y pdmrái amqufrfr amqu frfr mgrgh`ds y hditragr djefnahfdigs gi ge tgrrftdrfd mg eds mgkás Gstamds Sartgs, hdi eas rgstrfhhfdigs gstajeghfmas pdr mfh`a egy y  pdr eas egygs mg gstds üetfkds, gi gspghfae gi ed qug rgspghta a eds ahtds lurëmfhds rgogrgitgs a mgrgh`ds rgaegs y sfi pgrlufhfd mg fivdhar, gi su havg, ea fikuifmam mg lurfsmfhhføi. Artëhu Art ëhued ed 0< Eas pgrs pgrsdia diass lurëmf lurëmfhas has fitgri fitgriahf ahfdiae diaegs gs hrg hrgamas amas pdr ui ahug ahugrmd rmd fitgriahfdiae gitrg Gstamds Sartgs d pdr uia rgsdeuhføi mg uia drnaifzahføi fitgriahfdiae, sg rgnfrái pdr eas gstfpueahfdigs mge ahugrmd d rgsdeuhføi mg su hrgahføi hrgahf øi y sgrái rghdidhf rghdidhfmas mas mg pegid mgrgh`d hdkd sulgtds mg mgrgh`d prfvamd gi tdmds eds Gstamd Gstamdss Sartgs mge kfskd kdmd qug eas pgrsdias lurëmfhas lurëmfhas prfvamas y sfi pgrluf hfd mg fivdhar, gi su havg, ea fikuifmam mg lurfsmfhhføi. Artëhued 6< Ea egy mghearama apefhajeg pdr gsta Hdivgihføi pdmrá id sgr apefhama gi tgrrftdrfd mge Gstamd Sartg qug ea hdisfmgrg kaifofgstakgitg hditrarfa a su drmgi püjefhd. Artëhued 13< Ea prgsgitg Hdivgihføi gstará ajfgrta a ea ofrka mg eds Gstamds Kfgkjrds mg ea Drnaifzahføi mg eds Gstamds Akgrfhaids. Artëhued 11< Ea prgsgitg Hdivgihføi gstá sulgta a ratfofhahføi. Eds fistrukgitds mg ratfofhahføi ratfofhahføi sg mgpdsf mgpdsftarái tarái gi ea Xghrgtarëa Xghrgtarëa Ngigrae mg ea Drnaifzahføi Drnaifzahføi mg eds Gstamds Akgrfhaids. Artëhued Artëh ued 1:< Ea prgsgitg Hdivgihføi qugmara ajfgrta a ea am`gsføi mg huaequfgr  huaequfgr  dtrdd Gstamd dtr Gstamd.. Eds fistru fistrukgi kgitds tds mg am` am`gsf gsføi øi sg mgpdsf mgpdsftar tarái ái gi ea Xghrgta Xghrgtarëa rëa Ngigrae mg ea Drnaifzahføi mg eds Gstamds Akgrfhaids.

 

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Artëhued 18< Hama Gstamd pdmrá odrkuear rgsgrvas a ea prgsgitg Hdivgihføi ae kdkgitd mg ofrkarea, ratfofharea d ae am`grfrsg a geea, sfgkprg qug ea rgsgrvg vgrsg sdjrg uia d kás mfspdsfhfdigs gspghëofhas. Artëhued 1=< Ea prgsgitg Hdivgihføi gitrará gi vfndr ge trfnæsfkd mëa a partfr mg ea ogh`a gi qug `aya sfmd mgpdsftamd ge sgnuimd fistrukgitd mg ratfofhahføi. Artëhued Artëh ued 17< Eds Gstamds Sartgs Sartgs qug tginai mds d kás uifmamgs tgrrftdr tgrrftdrfaegs faegs gi eas qug rflai mfstfi mfstfitds tds sfstgkas lurëmfhds rgeahfdiamds rgeahfdiamds hdi hugstfdigs hugstfdigs tratamas gi ea prgsgitg Hdivgihføi, pdmrái mghearar, gi ge kdkgitd mg ea ofrka, ratfofhahføi d am`gsføi, qug ea Hdivgihføi sg apefhará a tdmas sus uifmamgs tgrrftdrfaegs d sdeakgitg a uia d kás mg geeas. Artëhued 1?< Ea prgsgitg Hdivgihføi rgnfrá fimgofifmakgitg, pgrd huaequfgra mg eds Gstamds Sartgs pdmrá mgiuihfarea. Ge fistrukgitd mg mgiuihfa sgrá mgpdsftamd gi ea Xghr Xghrgt gtar arëa ëa Ng Ngig igrae rae mg ea Dr Drna naif ifza zahf hføi øi mg ed edss Gstam Gstamds ds Akgr Akgrfh fhai aids. ds. ]raishurrfmd ]raishur rfmd ui añd, hditamd a partf partfrr mg ea ogh`a mg mgpøsftd mgpøsftd mge fistrukgitd fistrukgitd mg mgiuihfa, ea Hdivgihføi hgsará gi sus goghtds parg ge Gstamd mgiuihfaitg, qugmaimd sujsfstgitg para eds mgkás Gstamds Sartgs. Artëhued 1>< Ge fistrukgitd drfnfiae mg ea prgsgitg Hdivgihføi, huyds ttgxtds gxtds gi gspañde, oraihæs, fineæs y pdrtunuæs sdi fnuaekgitg autæitfhds, sgrá mgpdsftamd gi ea Xghrgtarëa Ngigrae mg ea Drnaifzahføi mg eds Gstamds Akgrfhaids, ea qug givfará hdpfa autæitfha mg su tgxtd a ea Xghrgtarëa mg eas Iahfdigs Wifmas, parg su rgnfstrd y pujefhahføi, mg hdiodrkfmam hdi ge artëhued 13: mg su Harta hdis hdistf tftu tutf tfva va.. Ea Xg Xghr hrgt gtar arëa ëa Ng Ngig igra raee mg ea Dr Drna naif ifza zahf hføi øi mg ed edss Gs Gsta tamd mdss Akgrfhaids idtfofhará a eds Gstamds Kfgkjrds mg mfh`a Drnaifzahføi y a eds Gstamds qug sg `ayai am`grfmd a ea Hdivgihføi, eas ofrkas, eds mgpøsftds mg fistrukgitds mg ratfofhahføi, am`gsføi y mgiuihfa, asë hdkd eas rgsgrvgs qug `ujfgrg. ]akjfæi egs traiskftfrá eas mghearahfdigs prgvfstas gi ge artëhued 17 mg ea prgsgitg Hdivgihføi.

=.=.:.8.- Jfgigs kugjegs g fikugjegs Eds jfgigs kugjegs sdi ge hdiluitd mg ahtfvds oflds mg uia gitfmam d mgpgimgihfa. Gi iugstra egnfseahføi kgxfhaia, eds jfgigs sdi eds hugrpds qug pugmgi traseamarsg mg ui eunar a dtrd, ya sg kugvai pdr së kfskds, ya pdr goghtd mg uia ougrza gxtgrfdr, asf hdkd eas djefnahfdigs y eds mgrgh`ds d ahhfdigs qug tfgigi pdr djlgtd hdsas kugjegs d haitfmamgs gxfnfjegs gi vfrtum mg ahhføi pgrsdiae. Sdr fnuae razøi sg rgputai kugjegs eas ahhfdigs qug hama sdhfd tfgig gi eas asdhfahfdigs d sdhf sdhfgm gmam amgs gs,, au auii hu huai aimd md a æs æsta tass pg pgrt rtgi gigz gzha haii ae aenu nuid idss jf jfgi gigs gs fi fiku kugj gjeg egs. s. Ea Eass gkjarhahfdigs mg tdmd næigrd sdi jfgigs kugjegs. Eds katgrfaegs prdhgmgitgs mg ea mgkdefhføi mg ui gmfofhfd, y eds qug sg `ujfgrgi ahdpfamd para rgparared d para hdistrufr 

 

:1 uid iugvd, sgrái kugjegs kfgitras id sg `ayai gkpegamd gi ea oajrfhahføi. Eds mgrgh`ds mg autdr sg hdisfmgrai jfgigs kugjegs.

=.=.:.=.- Odrka mg eds ahtds lurëmfhds Gi huaitd a ea odrka mg ui ahtd lurëmfhd, ge dtdrnaitg pugmg sulgtarsg a eas egygs kgxfhaias kgxfh aias d a eas egygs mge paës mdimg ge ahtd sg hgegjrg hgegjrg.. Ea odrka mg ahtuar d sgnufr ea  lurfsprumgihfa mgpgimgra mg ea zdia ngdnraofha d tgrrftdrfae a eas qug ge asuitd tgina eunar.

=.7.- Artëhued 1= mge Hømfnd Hfvfe Gi ea apefhahføi mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd sg djsgrvará ed sfnufgitg< Xg apefhará hdkd ed `arëa ge lugz gxtrailgrd hdrrgspdimfgitg, para ed huae ge lugz  pdmrá aeegnarsg ea fiodrkahføi ighgsarfa ahgrha mge tgxtd, vfngihfa, sgitfmd y aehaihg egnae mg mfh`d mgrgh`d2 Xg apefhará ge mgrgh`d sustaitfvd gxtrailgrd, saevd huaimd mamas eas gspghfaegs hfrhuistaihfas mge hasd, mgjai tdkarsg gi hugita, hdi haráhtgr gxhgphfdiae, eas 

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idrkas hdioefhtuaegs mg gsg mgrgh`d, qug `anai apefhajegs eas idrkas sustaitfvas kgxfhaias d mg ui tgrhgr gstamd2  Id sgrá fkpgmfkgitd para ea apefhahføi mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd, qug ge mgrgh`d kgxfhaid id prgvga fistftuhfdigs d prdhgmfkfgitds gsgihfaegs a ea fistftuhføi gxtrailgra apefhajeg, sf gxfstgi fistftuhfdigs d prdhgmfkfgitds aiáednds2 Eas hugstfdigs prgvfas, prgefkfiargs d fihfmgitaegs qug pugmai surnfr hdi kdtfvd mg uia hugstf hugstføi øi prfihfpae, id mgjgrái rgsdevg rgsdevgrsg rsg ighgsarfakgitg ighgsarfakgitg mg ahugrmd hdi ge mgrgh`d qug rgnueg a gsta üetfka2 Huaimd mfvgrsds aspghtds mg uia kfska rgeahføi lurëmfha gstæi rgnueamds pdr  mfvgrsdss mgrgh`d mfvgrsd mgrgh`ds, s, æstds sgrái apefh apefhamds amds arkøifhakgit arkøifhakgitg, g, prdhuraimd prdhuraimd rgaefzar rgaefzar eas ofiaefmamgs pgrsgnufmas pdr hama uid mg taegs mgrgh`ds. Eas mfofhuetamgs hausamas  pdr ea apefhahføi sfkuetáiga mg taegs mgrgh`ds sg rgsdevgrái tdkaimd gi hugita eas gxfngihfas mg ea gqufmam gi ge hasd hdihrgtd. Ed mfspugstd gi ge prgsgitg artëhued sg djsgrvará huaimd rgsuetarg apefhajeg ge mgrgh`d mg dtra gitfmam mg ea Ogmgrahføi.

=.7.1.- Apefhahføi mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd pdr ge lugz iahfdiae Huaimd ui ahtd gs hgegjramd gi ui Gstamd para sgr glghutamd gi dtrd Gstamd, jasamds gi ea iahfdiaefmam mg eds sulgtds, ea iaturaegza mge `gh`d lurëmfhd tfgig qug prghfsarsg y mgtgrkfiar huáe gs ge sfstgka lurëmfhd qug ed rgnuea y mgjg tgigrsg gi hugita. Gi Kæxfhd, ge Sdmgr Egnfseatfvd `a gstajeghfmd uia pdstura sdjgraia qug a ea vgz  pgrkftg qug sg apefqug ge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd gi iugstrd tgrrftdrfd, sfgkprg qug ea prdpfa egy prgvga ea apefhahføi d qug asë mgrfvg mg eds tratamds y hdivgihfdigs gi qug Kæxfhd

 

:: sga sga part partg2 g2 ed qu qugg fk fkpe pefh fhaa ui sgit sgitfm fmdd mg rg rghf hfpr prdh dhfm fmam am y hd hdiv ivfv fvgi gihf hfaa ar arkø køif ifha ha fitgriahfdiae. Ea egnfseahføi kgxfhaia amkftg ea apefhahføi mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd, y prfkgrd mgjg mgtgrkfiarsg sf sg gstá d id gi ui hasd gi qug sg pgrkfta gsa apefhahføi, y mgkdstramd qug gs apefhajeg, mgjg tgigrsg gi hugita qug qufgi ouimg su mgrgh`d gi egygs gxtrailgras, tfgig ea harna prdhgsae mg prdjar ea gxfstgihfa mg eas kfskas y qug sdi apefhajegs ae hasd.

=.7.1.1.- Srugja mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd Ge :1 mg gigrd mg 1608, Kgxfhd ratfofha ea hdivgihføi fitgrakgrfhaia sdjrg prugja g fiodrkahføi mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd, ea huae tfgig hdkd djlgtd ge gstajeghgr idrkas sdjrg ea hddp hddpgrah grahføi føi fit fitgria griahfd hfdiae iae rgspght rgspghtdd mg ea djtgih djtgihføi føi mg gegkgi gegkgitds tds prdjatd prdjatdrfd rfdss g fiodrkahføi ahgrha mge mgrgh`d mg hama uid mg eds Gstamds partg. Ge artëhued 8 mg ea Hdivgihføi mgtgrkfia qug sgrái hdisfmgramds kgmfds fmøigds mg prugja ea prugja mdhukgitae, ea prugja pgrfhfae y eds fiodrkgs mge Gstamd2 gi ge hasd mg qug ui fiodrkg d mdhukgitd id sg ujfqug mgitrd mg eas kdmaefmamgs mg prugja qug ea Hdivgihføi prgvæ, æstg pugmg tgigr vaedr y aehaihg prdjatdrfd para ahrgmftar ge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd, sgnüi ea egnfseahføi edhae.

=.7.:.- Zggivëd Ge rggivëd sg prdmuhg huaimd ea idrka mg hdioefhtd sg rgkftg a ui Mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd (mg dtrd paës) y ea idrka mg hdioefhtd hdioefhtd mg gsg paës, a su vgz, sg rgkftg a dtrd (―rggivëa‛). Xfi gkjarnd, para qug surla ge rggivëd sg prghfsa qug fifhfaekgitg `aya ui hdioefhtd ignatfvd, gs mghfr, qug eas rgneas mg hdioefhtd mg mds d kás Gstamds hdisfmgrgi apefhajeg uia idrka lurëmfha mfstfita a ea mg geeds. Luitd ae hdioefhtd ignatfvd mg egygs, ge rggivëd fkpefha ea mfvgrsfmam mg puitds utfefzamds  pdr eas idrkas mg hdioefhtd mge drmgiakfgitd, ea hdisueta mg ea idrka mg hdioefhtd gxtrailgra, y ea rgkfsføi mg ea idrka mg hdioefhtd gxtrailgra a dtra egy. =.7.8.- Fistftuhfdigs mgshdidhfmas Wi mg eds prdjegkas qug pugmgi surnfr ae glgrhgr ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd, gs huaimd ea fistftuhføi qug sg fivdha a oavdr mge mgrgh`d amqufrfmd id gxfstg d sg mgshdidhg2 jald gstg supugstd, ge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd amqufrfmd id pdmrá sgr rghdidhfmd, if rgspgtamd para `ahgreg vaegr. Wia fistftuhføi sgrá heasfofhama hdkd mgshdidhfma huaimd id gxfsta gi ui drmgiakfgitd lurëmfhd hdihrgtd ahgrha mg geea. =.7.8.1.- Apefhahføi aiaeønfha Ea aiaednëa gs uia tæhifha gi ea huae sg apefha ge mgrgh`d a uia sftuahføi id prgvfsta hdihrgtakgitg gi ea egy, pgrd sg jusha apefhar ea idrka qug kgldr sg asgkglg a mfh`a sftuahføi. Sara geed, gs ighgsarfd `ahgr uia amghuahføi mg ea idrka a apefhar, ed huae

 

:8 usuaekgitg fkpefha efkftahfdigs, ya qug ea sftuahføi id rgnueama gs sdeakgitg sfkfear  kas id gs fnuae a ed qug ea egy prgvgg.

=.7.=.- Hugstføi prgvfa Gstg tærkfid sg rgofgrg a ea vaedrahføi, mdimg sfgkprg qug sg prgsgitg uia pgtfhføi mge rghdidhfkfgitd y gofhahfa mg ui mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd, ge lugz tfgig ea djefnahføi mg rgaefzar ui aiáefsfs mg su idrkatfvfmam y ui lufhfd mg vaedr gi ge qug, a travæs mg ea hdkparahføi gitrg ge mgrgh`d qug sg fivdha hdkd amqufrfmd y ge mgrgh`d ae qug sg ahumg, mgtgrkfig sf ea fistftuhføi mg ea qug prdvfgig ge mgrgh`d sdefhftamd, gxfstg d id gi ge gstamd qug sdefhfta, y sf mg gxfstfr, gs sushgptfjeg mg sgr rghdidhfmd y mareg gofhahfa.

=.7.7.- Arkdifzahføi Ea arkdifzahføi mg eas idrkas mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd gs ui kghaifskd mdimg a travæs mg ea hdkjfiahføi mg hrftgrfds gsgihfaegs, hdimuhg a ea uiføi mg  pdimgrahfdigs lurëmfhas prdvgifgitgs mg mfvgrsds sfstgkas egnaegs. Asfkfskd, gs ui  puitd mg partfma taitd para eds egnfseamdrgs iahfdiaegs hdkd para eds fitgriahfdiaegs, qug prdhura hdilunar ge giodqug lurëmfhd para ea prgvgihføi mg eds hdioefhtds mg egygs qug gi ge drmgi prfvamd pugmai prgsgitarsg. Xu ofiaefmam gs ea jüsqugma mg sdeuhfdigs qug kfifkfhgi eds hdioefhtds mg egygs fitgriahfdiaegs.

=.7.7.1.- Gqufmam Gs ui prfihfpfd ngigrae mg Mgrgh`d rghdidhfmd pdr tdmds eds sfstgkas egnaegs. Ea gqufmamm gs prfihfpaek gqufma prfihfpaekgitg gitg utfefza utfefzama ma para mgtgrkfia mgtgrkfiarr ed qug gs lustd y razdiajeg muraitg ge prdhg prdhgsd sd mg am amkf kfif ifst strah rahfø føii mg ea lu lust stfh fhfa fa,, pg pgrk rkft ftgg qug, qug, gi ha hasds sds gs gspg pghf hfae aegs gs d  partfhueargs, sg atgkpgrg ge Mgrgh`d para asë pdmgr aehaizar ui rgsuetamd lustd, maimd eunar a qug eds luznamdrgs tginai mfshrghføi ae kdkgitd mg amlumfhar uia hditrdvgrsfa. =.?.1.- Gxhgphfdigs a ea idrka apefhahføi mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd Ge `gh`d mg qug eas idrkas gxtrailgras sgai hdkpgtgitgs para rgnfr uia rgeahføi lurëmfha id naraitfza su ajsdeuta apefhahføi, gs gi gsds hasds mdimg sg mfhg qug gxfstg uia gxhgphføi a ea idrka. Gitrg aenuids gvgitds mdimg pdmëa suhftarsg gxhgphføi tgigkds ea gxhgphføi gxhgphf øi mge drmgi püjefhd, ea gxhgphføi gxhgphføi mge oraumg a ea egy y ea gxhgphføi gxhgphføi pdr fitgræs iahfdiae.

=.?.1.1.- Oraumg a ea egy Ge Oraumg hdisfstg gi jurear ea apefhahføi mg uia idrka mgsoavdrajeg y jushar y djtgigr  qug sga dtra mfspdsfhføi oavdrajeg ea qug sg apefqug. Gi dtras paeajras, ge oraumg a ea egy hdisfstg gi ea hdimuhta tdtaekgitg vdeuitarfa rgaefzama hdi ge gxheusfvd ofi mg djtgigr  ui ofi feëhftd a travæs mg ui kgmfd eëhftd eëhftd.. Ge oraumg a ea egy ramfha gi gvftar ea apefhahføi apefhahføi mg uia idrka fkpgratfva, kgmfaitg ge hakjfd mg puitd mg hditahtd.

 

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=.?.1.:.- Drmgi püjefhd Ea gxhgphføi mge drmgi püjefhd, vfstd aquge hdkd ea idhføi hdisfmgrama hdkd uia kgmfma kgm fma gxh gxhgphf gphfdiae diae para fkp fkpgmf gmfrr ea apefha apefhahfø hføii mg ea idrka idrka gxtrai gxtrailgr lgraa hdkpgt hdkpgtgit gitgg huaimd æsta hditfgig mfspdsfhfdigs qug h`dhai hdi eas hdihgphfdigs lurëmfhas mge paës mge ]rfjuiae luznamdr, supdifgimd ui hdioefhtd mg egygs gxfstgitg mdimg sg mghfmg id apefhar ea idrka pdr sgr pgrlumfhfae a eds fitgrgsgs ngigraegs mg ea hdkuifmam. =.?.1.8.- Dtras gxhgphfdigs Gitrg dtras gxhgphfdigs tgigkds aqugeea qug sg ma pdr fitgræs iahfdiae, mdimg su ahgptahføi hdihfgrig üifhakgitg a ea hapahfmam mg djrar mg eds gxtrailgrds. =.?.1.8.1.- Huaimd asë ed gstajeghg ea prdpfa egy iahfdiae Asf sg ouimakgita gi eds sfnufgitgs artëhueds< Artëhued 11. Eas egygs qug gstajeghgi gxhgphføi a eas rgneas ngigraegs, id sdi apefhajegs a hasd aenuid qug id gstæ gxprgsakgitg gspghfofhamd gi eas kfskas egygs. 

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Mge artfhued 1=.hfrhuistaihfas Xg apefhará ge mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd, saevd huaimd mamas eas gspghfaegs hasd,sustaitfvd mgjai tdkarsg gi hugita, hdi haráhtgr  gxhgphfdiae, eas idrkas hdioefhtuaegs mg gsg mgrgh`d, qug `anai apefhajegs eas idrkas sustaitfvas kgxfhaias d mg ui tgrhgr gstamd.

 

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]GKA _. MDKFHFEFD GI GE MGZGH@D HDIOEFH]WAE KGPFHAID 7.1.Gi geMdkfhfefd hømf hømfnd nd hfv hfvfe fe mgog mgograe rae kgx kgxfha fhaid, id, sg gst gstaje ajeghg ghg qug ge sdefhf sdefhftai taitg tg mgjgrá mgjgrá mgtgrk mgtgrkfia fiar  r  mdkfhfefd para idtfofhahfdigs gi ui eunar qug hdrrgspdima a ea hdkpgtgihfa mge trfjuiae d mg ea autdrfmam a ea qug hdidhfgrg ea sdefhftum. Ge mdkfhfefd mdkfhfefd ggss gitgimfmd hdkd aquge eunar qug ea egy ofla hdkd asfgitd d sgmg mg ea pgrsdia  para goghtds lurëmfhds. Gs mghfr, sg trata mg ea ujfhahføi tgrrftdrfae qug mgjg tgigr tdma pgrsdia taitd para ge hukpefkfgitd mg sus mgjgrgs y djefnahfdigs hdkd para ge glgrhfhfd mg sus mgrgh`ds. 7.1.1.- Mdkfhfefd pgrsdiae Ea egy hdisfmgra hdkd mdkfhfefd ae eunar gi ge qug ramfha ge hgitrd lurëmfhd mg ea pgrsdia mg fitgræs. Mg gstg kdmd sgrá gitgimfmd hdkd ea vfvfgima qug æstg dhupa, d hdkd ea  pdjeahføi, mfstrftd, hdkuifmam d gstamd mdimg ea pgrsdia pgrsdi a rgsfmg.

7.1.1.1.- Xu mgtgrkfiahføi Ge mdkfhfefd mg uia pgrsdia oësfha gstará mgtgrkfiamd, gi su drmgi, pdr eas sfnufgitgs hfrhuistaihfas<  

Ge eunar mg ea rgsfmgihfa `ajftuae.

 

Ge eunar mge hgitrd prfihfpae mg sus igndhfds.

 

Gi ausgihfa mg gstas hfrhuistaihfas, sg rgputará hdkd mdkfhfefd ge eunar mg ea sfkpeg rgsfmgihfa, sf id `ay sfkpeg rgsfmgihfa, ge eunar mdimg sg gihditrarg.

 

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7.1.1.:.- Hrftgrfds para oflared Ge hdih hdihgpt gptdd mg mdk mdkfh fhfe fefd fd hditg hditgif ifmd md gi ge pá párra rraod od prfkg prfkgrd rd mg mgee ar artë tëhu hued ed 1? mg ea Hdistftuhføi Hdistf tuhføi Sdeëtf Sdeëtfha ha mg eds Gstamds Wifmds Kgxfhaids, hdkprgimg hdkprgimg tait taitdd ge eunar gi ge qug uia pgrsdia gstajeghg su rgsfmgihfa `ajftuae, hdkd tdmd aquge gspahfd gi ge qug mgsarrdeea ahtds y odrkas mg vfma haefofhamds hdkd prfvamds. Xfi gkjarnd, mfh`d hdihgptd gi katgrfa pgiae gs kás akpefd, pugs takjfæi fiheuyg huaequfgr edhaefzahføi d gstajeghfkfgitd mg ea pgrsdia mg iaturaegza ahhfmgitae y traisftdrfa gi mdimg eegvg a hajd ahtds hdkprgimfmds mgitrd mg su gsogra prfvama. 7.1.1.8.- Srgsuihføi Sara goghtds egnaegs, sg prgsukg ge prdpøsftd mg gstajeghgrsg gi ui eunar huaimd sg rgsfmg pdr kás mg ? kgsgs gi æe. 7.1.:.- Mdkfhfefd gspghëofhd Ge mdkfhfefd egnae mg uia pgrsdia oësfha gs ge eunar mdimg ea egy eg ofla su rgsfmgihfa para ge glgrhfhfd mg sus mgrgh`ds y ge hukpefkfgitd mg sus djefnahfdigs, auiqug mg `gh`d id gstæ aeeë prgsgitg. 7.1.:.1.- Kgidrgs mg gmam Mge kgidr mg gmam id gkaihfpamd, gkaihfpamd, sgrá hdisfmgramd hdisfmgramd hdkd mdkfhfefd mdkfhfefd ge mg ea pgrsdia a huya patrfa pdtgstam gstá sulgtd. 7.1.:.:.- Ajaimdiamds Xfgimd ge hasd mg kgidrg kgidrgss gi sftuahføi sftuahføi mg ajaimdid, ajaimdid, sg tdkará tdkará gi hugita ed gstfpueamd gstfpueamd  pdr ge Artëhued :6< Ge mdkfhfefd mg eas pgrsdias oësfhas gs ge eunar mdimg rgsfmgi `ajftuaekgitg, y a oaeta mg æstg, ge eunar mge hgitrd prfihfpae mg sus igndhfds2 gi ausgihfa mg æstds, ge eunar mdimg sfkpegkgitg rgsfmai y, gi su mgoghtd, ge eunar mdimg sg gihditrargi. Xg prgsukg qug uia pgrsdia rgsfmg `ajftuaekgitg gi ui eunar, huaimd  pgrkaigzha gi æe pdr kás mg sgfs kgsgs. kgsgs . 7.1.8.- Høiyungs ]ratáimdsg mg høiyungs, rgsuetara hdkd mdkfhfefd aquæe gi ge huae æstds vfvai mg `ajfjuaekgitg, sfi pgrlufhfd mge mgrgh`d mg hama høiyung mg oflar su mdkfhfefd. 7.1.=.- Mdkfhfefd mg eas pgrsdias kdraegs Xg prgvgg gi ge artfhued 88 qug eas pgrsdias kdraegs tfgigi su mdkfhfefd gi ge eynar  mdimg sg gihugitrg gstajeghfma su amkfifstrahføi. Mg hditar hdi amkfifstrahføi ougra mge Mfstrftd Ogmgrae pgrd qug glghutgi ahtds lurëmfhds mgitrd mg su hfrhuishrfphføi, sg hdisfmgrarái mdkfhfefamas gi gstg eunar, gi huaitd a tdmd ed qug a gsds ahtds sg rgofgra.

 

:> Eas suhursaegs qug dpgrgi gi eunargs mfstfitds mg mdimg ramfha ea hasa katrfz, tgimrái su mdkfhfefd gi gsds eunargs para ge hukpefkfgitd mg eas djefnahfdigs hditraëmas pdr eas kfskas suhursaegs.

]GKA _F. ZGODZKAX MG 1600 GI KA]GZFA MG SZDHGXAE HF_FE ?.1.- Aitghgmgitgs Aitghgmgitgs Ge tgrrftdrfaefskd gxtrgkd qug vfvëa Kgxfhd mfd eunar a ougrtgs hrftfhas mdhtrfiaegs y sfrvfø mg ouimakgitd a rgsdeuhfdigs lumfhfaegs mg ui tgrrftdrfaefskd gxtrgkd. Gi 16?0 ui nrupd mg  prdogsdrgs mg ea katgrfa tdkø ea fifhfatfva mg ouimar ge Fistftutd Kgxfhaid mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, A.H. Mg eas rguifdigs mg aquge nrupd oug ea fmga mg ahgrharsg a eas autdrfmamgs, a ofi mg atragr su atgihføi `ahfa ea prdjegkátfha mg ea katgrfa, maimd orutds ednraim edn raimdd qug Kæx Kæxfhd fhd partfh partfhfpa fpara ra aht ahtfva fvakgi kgitg tg gi ea Srfkgr Srfkgraa Hdiogrgi Hdiogrgihfa hfa Gspghf Gspghfaef aefzama zama Fitgrakgrfhaia sdjrg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, kfska qug oug hgegjrama gi ea hfumam mg Saiaká mge 1= ae 83 mg gigrd mg 16>7. Mg eds kfgkjrds mge Fistftutd surnfø takjfæi ea fmga mg hrgar ui odrd mg mfshusføi y ahgrhakfgitd gitrg eds gspghfaefstas gi mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd, y nrahfas a eds auspfhfds mg ea Wifvgrsfmam Iahfdiae Autøidka mg Kæxfhd sg eegvd a hajd ge Xgkfiarfd  Iahfdiae mg Mgrgh`d Mgr gh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, gi ge añd mg 16>>, Gi gsg gs g prfkgr Xgkfiarfd ea pdsfjfefmam mg hdmfofhahføi mg eas idrkas ngigraegs mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd, tgkaa qug pdst tgk pdstgrf grfdrk drkgit gitgg oug ajd ajdrmam rmamdd gi ea Xgnuima Xgnuima Hdiogrg Hdiogrgihf ihfaa Gspghf Gspghfaef aefzam zamaa eitgrakgrfhaia sdjrg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, mdimg ougrdi ajdrmamds tgkas hdkdd ge tgr hdk tgrrft rftdrfa drfaefs efskd, kd, eas práhtf práhtfhas has gi kat katgrf grfaa mg mgtgrk mgtgrkfia fiahfø hføii hditra hditrahtu htuae ae mge mgrgh`d apefhajeg y eas tgimgihfas mdhtrfiaegs gi katgrfa hdioefhtuae gi ge vghfid paës mge idrtg.

 

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Gi 16>6 ge Fistftutd hakjfø su mgidkfiahføi a ea ahtuae mg Ahamgkfa Kgxfhaia mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd A.H., y sg hgegjrø gi ea hfumam mg Kditgvfmgd ea Xgnuima Xgn uima Hdio Hdiogrgi grgihfa hfa Gspg Gspghfa hfaefz efzama ama eit eitgrak grakgrf grfhaia haia sdjrg sdjrg Mgrgh` Mgrgh`dd Fitgri Fitgriahf ahfdia diaee Srfva Srf vamd, md, ea hua huaee ap aprdj rdjøø ae aenu nuids ids tr trat atamd amdss mg rge rgegv gvai aihf hfaa rgeah rgeahfd fdia iama mass ae mgrgh mgrgh`d `d gxtrailgrd. Kgsgs mgspuæs mg ea Hdiogrgihfa, aui gi ge añd mg 16>6, sg eegvø a hajd ge Fee Xgkfiarfd Iahfdiae mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, ge huae sg dhupø mg ui tgka hgitrae< eas hdisghugihfas mg ea fitgrvgihføi mge Gstamd gi ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae  prfvamd. Gi ge añd mg 1603 apargh aparghfgrdi fgrdi eas kgkdrf kgkdrfas as mge FF y FFF Xgkfiarfds, Xgkfiarfds, y sg eegvø a hajd ge F_, ge huae sg hgitrø gi mds tgkas prfihfpaegs< ea vfgla mfshusføi gitrg ge prfihfpfd mg iahfdiaefmam y ge mge mdkfhfefd, y ge mg eds hdioefhtds mg egygs gi katgrfa mg rænfkgi katrfkdifae mg eds jfgigs. Kfgitras qug gi 1601 sg eegvd a hajd ge _ Xgkfiarfd, ge huae hgitrø su atgihføi gi eds prdnrakas, katgrfaegs y kætdmds mg gisgñaiza mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd. Eds trajalds prgsgitamds ougrdi pujefhamds gi Eghturas Lurëmfhas, rgvfsta qug pujefha ea Oahuetam mg Mgrgh`d mg ea Wifvgrsfmam mg H`f`ua`ua. Gi ge añd mg 160: sg eegvø a hajd ge _F Xgkfiarfd Iahfdiae mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, hgitráimdsg gi ea prdjegkátfha mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd gi eds gstamds mg gstruhtura ogmgrae. Wi añd mgspuæs, ea Xghrgtarëa mg Zgeahfdigs Gxtgrfdrgs mghfmfø odrkar uia Hdkfsføi Srgparatdrfa mg Fistruhhfdigs para ea mgegnahføi qug rgprgsgitarëa a Kæx Kæxfhd fhd gi ea ]grh ]grhgra gra Hdiogrg Hdiogrgihf ihfaa Gsp Gspghf ghfaef aefzama zama Fitgra Fitgrakgrf kgrfhaia haia sdjrg sdjrg Mgrgh`d Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd. Mge 17 ae :1 mg kayd mg 160= sg eegvø a hajd gi Jdefvfa, ea ]grhgra Hdiogrgihfa Gspghfaefzama Fitgrakgrfhaia sdjrg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, mg mdimg ougrdi  partfhfpgs kfgkjrds mg ea Ahamgkfa Kgxfhaia mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, A.H. Ea Hdiogrgihfa aprdjø eds huatrd tratamds sfnufgitgs< Hdivgihføi eitgrakgrfhaia sdjrg Hdioefhtds mg Egygs gi Katgrfa mg Amdphføi mg Kgidrgs2 Hdivgihføi Fitgrakgrfhaia sdjrg Sgrsdiaefmam y Hapahfmam mg Sgrsdias Lurëmfhas gi ge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd2 Hdivgihføi eitgrakgrfhaia sdjrg Hdkpgtgihfa gi ea Gsogra Fitgriahfdiae para ea Gofhahfa Gxtratgrrftdrfae mg eas Xgitgihfas Gxtrailgras, y Srdtdhded Amfhfdiae a ea Hdivgihføi eitgrakgrfhaia sdjrg Zghgphføi mg Srugjas gi ge Gxtrailgrd. Gi ge añd mg 1607, sg eegvø a hajd ge FP Xgkfiarfd Iahfdiae mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamdd gi ge huae, amgkás mg gstumf Srfvam gstumfarsg arsg aenuids tgkas mg gspghfae gspghfae fkpdrtaihfa fkpdrtaihfa para eas hfumamgs orditgrfzas. sg ajdrmardi tgkas atfigitgs a eas hdivgihfdigs fitgrakgrfhaias mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd y djefnahfdigs gi kdigma gxtrailgra.

 

:6 Eds tra trajal jalds ds kgi kgihfd hfdiamd iamdss ait aitgrf grfdrk drkgitg gitg hdi hdistf stftuy tuygi gi aitghg aitghgmgit mgitgs gs rge rgegvai gvaitgs tgs qug hdimulgrdi a Kæxfhd `ahfa ea hdeajdrahføi y amdphføi mg idrkatfvas rgogrgitgs ae mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd.

?.1.1.- ]rajalds mg ea ahamgkfa mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd Xu ouimahføiymata mge añdmge mgMgrgh`d 16?0, suFitgriahfdiae djlgtd gs prdkdvgr gstumfd, eay fivgstfnahføi ea mfousføi Srfvamd, ymgegstfkuear Mgrgh`d ge Hdkparamd mg aqugeeas mfshfpefias rgeahfdiamas, asf hdkd odkgitar y mfnifofhar ea hátgmra gi mfh`as árgas. Gitrg aenuids mg eds trajalds qug rgaefza, sg gihugitrai aqugeeds rgeahfdiamds ae odkgitd mg ea fivg fivgst stfn fnah ahfø føii y sd sdeu euhf hføi øi mg pr prdje djegk gkas as mg fi fitg tgræs ræs gi ea katg katgrf rfa, a, tr traja ajald ldss gihakf gih akfiamd iamdss a fkp fkpues uesar ar ge kgldrak kgldrakfgi fgitd td mg tæhifh tæhifhas as mdhgitg mdhgitgss gkpega gkpegamas mas para para ea gisgñaiza, hdeajdrahfdigs hdi fistftuhfdigs mg gmuhahfdi supgrfdr gi ea geajdrahføi mg  peaigs y prdnrakas mg gstumfd, gstajeghgr rgeahfdigs gihakfiamas `ahfa ea hdeajdrahføi y hgegjrahføi mg hdivgifds hdi fistftuhfdigs mdhgitgs, mg fivgstfnahføi y hueturaegs iahfdiaegs iahfdi aegs y gxtrail gxtrailgras, gras, prdpugstas mg iugvas egnfseahfdigs egnfseahfdigs rgeatfvas a ea iahfdiaefmam, iahfdiaefmam, hdimfhføi hdimfh føi lur lurëmf ëmfha ha mge gxtrail gxtrailgrd, grd, hdio hdioefh efhtd td mg egygs, egygs, hddpgra hddpgrahfø hføii lumfhf lumfhfae ae y dtrds dtrds aspghtds rgeathfdiamds ae mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prdvamd2 drnaifzahføi mg sgkfiarfds  Iahfdiaegs mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd y mfshfpefias m fshfpefias a ofigs.

?. 1. 1. :. :.-- Z godrk godrkas as ae hømf hømf nndd mg prd prdhgm hgmff k kff gitd g itdss hfvf hf vfee ggss mge mf sstrf trftd td ogmgrae Eas rgodrkas y amfhfdigs ae Hømfnd Hfvfe sg drfnfiai gi ea hdivgiifgihfa mg amaptar  mfh`d drmgiakfgitd a eas hdivgihfdigs fitgrakgtfhaias rgegvaitgs.

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 Iugvg sdi eds prfihfpfds mg kaydr ngigraefmam am amdptamds dptamds pdr ge Hømfnd Hfvfe, a raëz mg ea rgodrka< ]grrftdrfaefskd efkftamd, hdi ea huae sg ajaimdia ge tgrrftdrfaefskd ajsdeutd qug `ajëa amdptamd ge Hømfnd Hfvfe, y qug `ajëa sfmd ougrtgkgitg hrftfhamd pdr ea mdhtrfia iahfdiae y gxtrailgra. Apefhahføi autæitfha mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd, ge huae sg apefhará hdkd ed `arëa ge lugz gxtrailgrd hdrrgspdimfgitg, para ed huae ge lugz iahfdiae pdmrá aeegnarsg ea fiodrkahføi ighg ig hgsar sarfa fa y ae aeha haih ihgg mg mf mfh` h`dd mgrgh mgrgh`d, `d, gs mgh mghfr fr,, al alust ustáim áimdsg dsg a ea eass tæ tæhi hifh fhas as mg fitgrprgtahføi g fitgnrahføi mg tae mgrgh`d. Ge rggivëd< sg ifgna a rgh`azar ge rggivëd hdkd prfihfpfd ajsdeutd, pgrd takpdhd ed ahgpta hdkd prfihfpfd ajsdeutd. Fimgpgimgihfa mg eas hugstfdigs prgvfas, mg eas idrkas hdioefhtuaegs apefhajegs a eas hugstfdigs prgvfas, prgefkfiargs g fihfmgitaegs, hdi rgspghtd a ea hugstføi prfihfpae. Hdi geed sg prgtgimg, sfi muma, gvftar ge qug eas mfogrgihfas mg ofnuras lurëmfhas d mg  prdhgmfkfgitds sfrvai mg gxhusa oáhfe ae luznamdr para mgsgh`ar ea apefhahføi mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd.

 

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Atgiuahføi mg ea gxhgphføi mg fistftuhføi mgshdidhfma. Hdi geed sg prgtgimg, gvftar ge qug eas mfogrgihfas mg ofnuras lurëmfhas d mg prdhgmfkfgitds sfrvai mg gxhusa oáhfe ae  luznamdr para mgsgh`ar ea apefhahføi mge mgrgh`d mgr gh`d gxtrailgrd. Apef Ap efha hahf hføi øi ar arkd kdif ifha ha mg ed edss mg mgrg rgh` h`ds ds y jü jüsq squg ugma ma mg ea gq gquf ufma mam, m, md mdim imgg ea eass hditrdvgrsfas sg rgsdevgrái tgifgimd gi hugita eas gxfngihfas fkpugstas pdr ea gqufmam gi ge hasd hdihrgtd. Gxhgphfdigs a ea apefhahføi mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd, üifhakgitg para ge oraumg a ea Egy y ge drmgi püjefhd. Zgnueahføi mg eds hdioefhtds fitgrgstamuaegs, gs mghfr, aqugeeds qug sg mai huaimd ea vfihueahføi gxfstg hdi rgspghtd ae mgrgh`d mg eas gitfmamgs mg ea Ogmgrahføi y id hdi mgrgh`ds gxtrailgrds.

?.1.8.- Hdiv ?.1.8.Hdivgif gifds ds fitgriah fitgriahfdia fdiaegs egs qug fioe fioeuygr uygrdi di gi eas rgod rgodrkas rkas mg 1600 gi katgrfa mg prdhgsae hfvfe Hdkd ya oug kgihfdiamd ae fihfd mg gstg tgka, mamd ge pasamd qug fifhfaekgitg gxfstëa gi Kgxfhd, ge huae sg harahtgrfzaja pdr ui tgrrftdrfaefskd kuy karhamd, oug gi ge añd mg 16?0 huaimd ui nrupd nrupd mg prdogsdrgs prdogsdrgs gitusfaskamds gitusfaskamds gxpg gxpgrtds rtds gi ea katgrfa katgrfa sg rgüigi  para odrkar ed qug fifhfaekgitg sg hdidhgrëa hdkd ge Fistftutd Kgxfhaid mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, A.H., kfskds qug sg giharnarëai mg gstajeghgr ge ahgrhakfgitd qug qug mar marëa ëa fi fifh fhfd fd a ea eass rg rgea eahf hfdi digs gs y partf partfhf hfpah pahfø føii mge paës paës gi tg tgka kass mg Mgrg Mgrgh`d h`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, mg mdimg mgrfvai hdivgifds, pahtds y idrkatfvas mg mfvgrsds tgkas qug sg rgeahfdiai ae djlgtd mg gstumfd gi katgrfa hfvfe y qug `fstørfhakgitg y `asta ea ogh`a `ai tgifmd ui ougrtg fkpahtd gi eas rgodrkas mg 1600 y egnfseahfdigs ahtuaegs. ?.:.- Zgodrkas y amfhfdigs amfhfdigs ae hømfnd ogmgrae mg prdhgmfk prdhgmfkfgitds fgitds hfvfegs Eas rgodrkas y amfhfdigs qug sg `ai `gh`d ae hømfnd ogmgrae mg prdhgmfkfgitds hfvfegs fihe fiheuy uygi gi ea eg egyy ogm ogmgr grae ae mg hdkpg hdkpgtg tgihf ihfaa ghdiø ghdiøkf kfha ha,, eg egyy og ogmgr mgrae ae mg pr prdt dtgh ghhf hføi øi ae hdisukfmdr, egy drnaifha mge pdmgr lumfhfae mg ea ogmgrahføi, egy ngigrae mge gqufefjrfd ghdeønfhd ghdeøn fhd y ea prdtghhføi prdtghhføi ae kgmfd akjfgitg akjfgitg y ea egy mg prdtghhføi prdtghhføi y mgogisa ae usuarfd mg sgrvfhfds ofiaihfgrds. ?.8.- Srugjas mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd Aitgs mg ea pujefhahføi mg ea Zgodrka pujefhama gi ge mfarfd Dofhfae mg > mg gigrd mg 1600, id `ajëa ifinuia mfspdsfhføi rgogrgitg a ea prugja mge Mgrgh`d Gxtrailgrd. Gi goghtd, ge artëhued 0? mge hømfnd mg prdhgmfkfgitds hfvfegs sg rgodrkø gi ge sgitfmd mg qug ―søed eds `gh`ds gstái sulgtds a prugja, asë hdkd eds usds y hdstukjrgs gi qug sg ouimg ge mgrgh`d‛2 gi ge artëhued :0= mge hømfnd mg prdhgmfkfgitds hfvfegs, ed huae fkpefha qug ea idrka gxtrailgra, qug id ge mgrgh`d, së mgjg sgr prdjama, ge lugz pugmg tgigr hdidhfkfgitd mg su gxfstgihfa y hditgifmd, y ed pugmg `ahgr vaegr dofhfdsakgitg, tae hdkd ed `arëai eds  lughgs y trfjuiaegs Gstamd huyd mgrgh`d rgsuetarg apefhajeg sfi pgrlufhfd mg qug eas  partgs pugmai aegnarmge ea gxfstgihfa y hditgifmd m ge mgrgh`d mge gxtrailgrd.

 

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Sara fiodrkarsg mge tgxtd, vfngihfa, sgitfmd y aehaihg mge mgrgh`d gxtrailgrd, ge trfjuiae  pdmrá vaegrsg mg fiodrkgs dofhfaegs ae rgspghtd, eds qug pdmrá sdefhftar ae Xgrvfhfd Gxtg Gx tgrf rfdr dr Kg Kgxf xfha haid, id, as asëë hd hdkd kd mf mfspd spdigr igr y am amkf kftf tfrr ea eass mf mfef efng ngihf ihfas as prdja prdjatd tdrf rfas as qug hdisfmgrg ighgsarfas d qug dorgzhai eas partgs. Eas Eas rgo rgodrk drkas as a ed edss md mdss ar artë tëhu hued edss kgihf kgihfdi diamd amdss hdrrgs hdrrgspdi pdimg mgii ae artëh artëhue uedd : mg ea Hdivgihføi Fitgrakgrfhaia sdjrg Idrkas Ngigraegs mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Srfvamd, ofrkama gi Kditgvfmgd, gi 16>6, y ratfofhama pdr Kæxfhd.

?.=.- Hddpgrahføi ëitgrlumfhfae Ge hømf hømfnd nd og ogmg mgra raee mg pr prdh dhgm gmfk fkfg fgit itds ds hf hfvf vfeg egss tr trat ataa mg ea hd hddp dpgr grah ahfø føii pr prdh dhgs gsae ae fitgriahfdiae, y kgihfdia qug gs apefhajeg üifhakgitg para asuitds mge drmgi ogmgrae, sgnüi rgza ge artëhued 7=8. Asfkfskd, sg apefharái eds tratamds y hdivgihfdigs qug Kæxfhd `aya ofrkamd sdjrg ea katgrfa, eds huaegs ya odrkai ui iükgrd sustaihfae.

?.7.- Anrgnamd mg ui iugvd efjrd mge hømfnd mg prdhgmfk prdhgmfkfgitds fgitds hfvfegs sdjrg hddpgrahføi prdhgsae fitgriahfdiae Xurng hdi ge prdpøsftd mg rgneakgitar gi odrka rahfdiae y mgtaeeama ea hddpgrahføi  lumfhfae fitgriahfdiae, mgitrd mg æsta ea eeakama hddpgrahføi prdhgsae para ge rghdidhfkfgitd y glghuhføi mg eas sgitgihfas y eaumds arjftraegs gxtrailgrds, hdi ge ofi mg djsgqufar tdmds eds hdkprdkfsds qug Kæxfhd `a ofrkamd gi ge peaid fitgriahfdiae, gspghfaekgitg eatfidakgrfhaid, gi vfrtum mg ea hrghfgitg fitgrmgpgimgihfa gxfstgitg gitrg eds sfstgkas lumfhfaegs mg eds mfvgrsds paësgs y hdi djlgtd mg qug ea lustfhfa ednrg sus ofigs. ge kaydr djstáhued gs ea hdkpatfjfefmam gitrg sfstgkas prdhgsaegs mfstfitds, pdr ed huae sg trat tratøø mg al alust ustar ar ea eg egnf nfse seahf ahføi øi iah iahfd fdia iaee a ed edss pr prfi fihf hfpf pfds ds hditg hditgif ifmd mdss gi varfa varfass hdivgihfdigs hdi paësgs gxtrailgrds, odrkaimd gi ge hømfnd hfvfe ogmgrae eds artëhueds =3, 130, 160 y :==2 sg rgodrkø ea mgidkfiahføi mg ea sghhføi F_, y sg anrgnø ui hapëtued _ ae tëtued _FF2 sg anrgnø ui hapëtued, ge _F, ae kfskd tëtued sæptfkd, hdi ea mgidkfiahføi ―Mg ea hddpgrahføi prdhgsae fitgriahfdiae‛, qug ajarha eds artëhueds ?3= a ?30. Asfkfskd, sg amfhfdiardi eds artëhueds 168, :==-jfs, 88>-jfs, 8?:-jfs y 068.

?.?.- Egnaefzahføi mg eds mdhukgitds püjefhds gxtrailgrds Ea mfefngihfahføi pdr partg mg trfjuiaegs kgxfhaids mg idtfofhahfdigs, rghgphføi mg  prugjas u dtrds ahtds mg kgrd prdhgmfkfgitd, sdefhftamds para surtfr goghtds gi ge gxtrailgrd id fkpefhará ge rghdidhfkfgitd mg ea hdkpgtgihfa asukfma pdr ge trfjuiae gxtrailgrd if ge hdkprdkfsd mg glghutar ea sgitgihfa qug sg mfhtarg , mfhg ge artëhued 7=7.

 

8:

Ge artëhued 7=? sgñaea qug para qug `anai og gi ea Zgpüjefha eds mdhukgitds püjefhds gxtrailgrds, mgjgrái prgsgitarsg egnaefzamds pdr eas autdrfmamgs hdisueargs kgxfhaias hdkp hdkpgt gtgi gitg tgss hd hdio iodr drkg kg a eas eg egyg ygss ap apef efha haje jegs gs.. Eas qu qugg ou ougr grgi gi tra rais iskf kftf tfma mass fitgriahfdiaekgitg pdr hdimuhtd dofhfae para surtfr goghtds egnaegs, id rgqugrfrái mg egnaefzahføi. Eas mfefngihfas mg idtfofhahfdigs y mg rghgphføi mg prugjas gi tgrrftdrfd iahfdiae iahfdi ae para surtfr goghtd goghtdss gi ge gxtrailgrd, gxtrailgrd, pdmrái eegvarsg a hajd a sdefhftum sdefhftum mg partg, gstajeghg ge artëhued 7=>. A su vgz, ge artëhued 7=0 fimfha qug ea práhtfha mg mfefngihfas gi paës gxtrailgrd qug mgjai surtfr goghtds gi eds trfjuiaegs iahfdiaegs.

? . >. >. - F it it ggrr v ggi i hf hf ø i

mg

e d s k f g k j rrdd s g x tg tg rf rf d r

k g xf xf h a i d g i e a

hddpgrahføi ëitgrlumfhfae Ge Xg Xgrvf rvfhf hfdd Gx Gxtg tgrf rfdr dr Kg Kgxf xfha haid id gs ge hug hugrp rpdd mg sgr sgrvf vfmd mdrgs rgs püjef püjefhd hds, s, gi giha harna rnamds mds gspghëofhakgitg mg rgprgsgitar gi ge gxtrailgrd, rgspdisajeg mg glghutar ea pdeëtfha gxtgrfdr mg Kæxfhd, mg hdiodrkfmam hdi eds prfihfpfds idrkatfvds qug gstajeghg ea Hdistftuhføi Sdeëtfha mg eds Gstamds Wifmds Kgxfhaids. Sdr ed huae, ge auxfefd lumfhfae fitgria fit griahfd hfdiae iae hdisfst hdisfstgg gi sdegefhftar tar ea hdpg hdpgrahf øi mg prdhgsaegs trf trfjuia juiaegs egs mg gxt gxtrail railgrds grds paraqug ge mgsa`dnd mg gxtrailgrds parasdefhf mgsa`dnd mg rahføi mfefngihfas kgrd trákftg mgjgi prahtfharsg ougra mg ea lurfsmfhhføi mge trfjuiae gx`drtaitg.

?.0.- Gx`drtds ae gxtrailgrd mgsmg ge gxtrailgrd Xg eg hdidhg hdkd gx`drtd a ui tfpd mg ofnura lurëmfha pdr kgmfd mg ea huae uia autdrfmam lurfsmfhhfdiae qug hdidhg mgtgrkfiamd prdhgmfkfgitd sdefhfta a dtra autdrfmam mgtgrkfiama mfefngihfa asf hdkd ge hukpefkfgitd qug rgsuetg ighgsarfd gi ea trakftahføi mg ui lufhfd.

?.0.1.- Mfstfitas odrkas mg traiskfsføi ]dmds eds gx`drtds pdmrái sgr traiskftfmds ae ørnaid qug ed rgqufgra pdr eas partgs fitgrg fitgrgsama samas, s, pdr vëa lumfhf lumfhfae, ae, pdr fitgrk fitgrkgmf gmfdd mg ouih ouihfdi fdiarf arfds ds hdis hdisuea ueargs rgs d angitg angitgss mfpedkátfhds d pdr kgmfd mg ea autdrfmam hgitrae mge Gstamd rgqugrfmd sgnüi sga ge hasd.

?.0.:.- ]ramuhhføi mg eds gx`drtds Gs ui rgqufsftd prfkdrmfae qug tdmd gx`drtd y ea mdhukgitahføi aigxa sg gihugitrgi mgjfmakgitg tramuhfmds ae fmfdka dofhfae mge Gstamd qug ed rgqufgrg. Gi dtras paeajras, ea tramuhhføi mg mfh`a mdhukgitahføi gs uia rgnea, ge Gstamd rgqufrgitg mgjg mg rgmahtar ge gx`drtd gi ge fmfdka dofhfae mge Gstamd rdnaitg y ahdkpañared mg tramuhhføi ae fmfdka mge Gstamd rdnamd, ae fnuae qug eds aigxds. Ed aitgrfdr pdmrëa sdiar djvfd, pugstd qug

 

88 auiqug ge Lugz rdnamd pumfgra hdidhgr ge fmfdka mge paës rdnaitg, pgrd eds mgkás angitgs mge Mgrgh`d, hdkd kfgkjrds mg trfjuiaegs mg apgeahfdigs, ahtuarfds, ofshaegs, ajdnamds, pgrftds, gth. id tfgigi ea djefnahføi mg hdidhgr gsg fmfdka.

?.0.8.- Apefhahføi a eas mfefngihfas mg gx`drtds Eds a htds prdhgsaegs qug pugmgi eegvarsg arghgphfdi hajd parayeadjtgihfdi apefhahfdi gx`drtds sdi eas idtfofhahfdigs, hftahfdigs, gkpeazakfgitds, mgmg prugjas g fiodrkgs gi ge gxtrailgrd.

?.6.- Zghdidhfkfgitd y glghuhføi mg rgsdeuhfdigs gxtrailgras Hdkd part Hdkd partgg mge prdhgmf prdhgmfkfg kfgitd itd mg rgsd rgsdeuh euhfdi fdigs gs gxtrail gxtrailgras gras,, ge lugz lugz kgxfha kgxfhaid id gstá gstá djefnamd a `ahgr uia rgvfsføi dofhfdsa mg ea mdhukgitahføi rghfjfma, hdi ea ofiaefmam mg vgrfofhar vgrfof har su egnaefmam egnaefmam y prdhgmgihfa prdhgmgihfa mg ea glghuhføi qug sg sdefh sdefhfta. fta. Hdistftuyg Hdistftuyg pugs, ui rgqufsftd ighgsarfd g fimfspgisajeg para autdrfzar ea glghuhføi. Sara eegvar a hajd mfh`d rgqufsftd sg `ajrá mg rgaefzar uia vgrfofhahføi mg ea hdkpgtgihfa mg drfngi (mge lugz sgitgihfamdr), asf hdkd ea idtfofhahføi a ea partg mgkaimama para hdkparghgr a lufhfd d sgmg2 mdimg sus mfefngihfas tgimrái ge efkftg mg id hditramghfr ae drmgi pujefhd kgxfhaid.

?.13.- Hdihgptd mg sgitgihfa d rgsdeuhføi gxtrailgra ]gigkds qug sg eg hdidhg hdkd sgitgihfa d rgsdeuhføi gxtrailgra a tdmas aqugeeas rgsdeuhfdigs prdiuihfamas gi paësgs gxtrailgrds qug `ai sfmd autdrfzamas a prdkdvgr su glghuhføi mgitrd mg eds rgspghtfv glghuhføi rgspghtfvds ds tgrrftdtf tgrrftdtfds, ds, para ed huae `ai mg pasar pdr ui prdhgsd mg trakftg prgparatdrfd prgvfd a su glghuhføi.

?.11.- Asuihføi vaefma mg hdkpgtgihfa fitgriahfdiae Gsta oahuetam gstá hditgkpeama gi ge art. 7?7¼ ge huae gstfpuea qug sg eegvará hajd ea glghuhføi sf æsta gvfta ea mgignahføi mg lustfhfa. D kgmfaitg prgvfd ahugrmd gitrg eas  partgs para gvftar mfhtar sgitgihfa mg kaigra parhfae.

?.1:.- Hdihgptd gxheusfva mg eds trfjuiaegs kgxfhaids Gs hdidhfmd qug gxfstg ui prfihfpfd fkpdrtaitg sgnüi ge huae ge lugz y trfjuiaegs kgxfhaids qugmai oahuetamds para glghutar parhfaekgitg ea sgitgihfa huaimd id sg

 

8=  pumfgra glghutar gi su tdtaefmam, mfh`as rgsdeuhfdigs sg mgvugevgi ae lugz d arjftrd qug eas prdiuihfø hdi ge hdisfnufgitg lufhfd para ea partg fitgrgsama.

?.18.- Zgqufsftds para ge rghdidhfkfgitd rghdidhfkfgitd y glghuhføi mg eas sgitgihfas gxtrailgras Ge art. mge hømfnd yogmgrae mg prdhgmfkfgitds hfvfegs sg gstajeghgi dh`d rgqufsftds  para ge ?3? rghdidhfkfgitd ea glghuhføi mg uia sgitgihfa gxtrailgra< Qug sg `ayai satfsogh`d odrkaefmamgs prgvfstas gi ge hømfnd gi katgrfa mg gx`drtds. Qug id `ayai sfmd mfhtamds ahtds hdkd hdisghugihfa mge glgrhfhfd mg aenuia ahhføi egnae. Qug ge lugz d trfjuiae `aya tgifmd hdkpgtgihfa. Qug ge mgkaimamd `aya sfmd idtfofhamd d gkpeazamd. Qug tginai ge haráhtgr mg hdsa luznama gi ge paës gi ge qug ougrdi mfhtamds. Qug ea ahhføi qug egs mfd drfngi id sga katgrfa mg lufhfd d gstæ pgimfgitg aitg trfjuiaegs kgxfhaids. 

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Qug ea djefnahføi para huyd hukpefkfgitd sg `aya prdhgmfmd id sga hditrarfa ae drmgi püjefhd gi Kæxfhd. Qug sg eegigi eds rgqufsftds para sgr hdisfmgramds mg autæitfhds.

?.1=.- Mdhukgitahføi qug ahdkpaña ae gx`drtd gxtrailgrd Hdi rgspghtd a ea mdhukgitahføi ighgsarfa qug mgjgrá ahdkpañar ae gx`drtd gxtrailgrd, ge artfhued ?3> kgihfdia qug fiheufr ea hdpfa autæitfha mg ea sgitgihfa, hdpfa autæitfha mg eas hdistaihfas hdistaihfas qug ahrgmftg ahrgmftgii eas orahhfdigs F_ y _ mge art. ?3?, tramuhhfdigs tramuhhfdigs ae gspañde qug sgai ighgsarfas para gxpdigr mgogisa, qug ge glghutaitg `aya sgñaeamd mdkfhfefd  para idtfofhahfdigs gi ge eunar mg ea `dkdednahføi.

?.17.- @dkdednahføi mg sgitgihfas gxtrailgras gi Kæxfhd Zgogrgitg ae prdhgsd mg `dkdednahføi mg sgitgihfa gxtrailgra gi Kæxfhd sg gstajeghg qug ge fih fihfmg fmgitg itg mg `dk `dkded dednah nahføi føi mg sgi sgitgi tgihfa hfa sg ajrfrá ajrfrá hdi hft hftahf ahføi øi pgrsdia pgrsdiaee ae glghutaitg y glghutamd a qufgigs sg marái iugvg mëas `ájfegs para gxpdigr mgogisa y tdmas eas hugstfdigs rgeatfvas a mgpdsftarëa, avaeüd, rgkatg y mgkás rgeahfdiamas hdi ea efqufmahføi y glghuhføi hdahtfva mg sgitgihfa mfhtama pdr trfjuiae gxtrailgrd sgrái rgsugetas pdr trfjuiaegs mg `dkdednahføi.

 

87

]GKA _FF. ZGODZKAX AE HØMFND MG HDKGZHFD MG 1006 Ge hømfnd sg prdkuend ge 17 mg sgptfgkjrg mg 1006, gitraimd gi vfndr ge 1³ mg gigrd mg 1063, hdkprgimfø tdma ea katgrfa kgrhaitfe mg ea æpdha apgnaimdsg. Gi su artëhued sgnuimd sgñaea qug ―a oaeta mg mfspdsfhfdigs mg gstg Hømfnd, sgrái apefhajegs a eds ahtds mg hdkgrhfd eas mge mgrgh`d hdküi‛, mglaimd gi heard qug sg amkftg ea fitgrvgihføi mge mgrgh`d supegtdrfd orgitg ae mgrgh`d hdkgrhfae. Ge hømfnd mg hdkgrhfd mg 1006 gs ge qug ahtuaekgitg sg gihugitra vfngitg hdi sus mgjfmas rgodrkas.

>.1.- Artfhued 1371 mge hømfnd mg hdkgrhfd

 

8? Ge prdhgmfkfgitd kgrhaitfe prgogrgitg a tdmds gs ge qug efjrgkgitg hdivginai eas partgs hdi eas efkftahfdigs qug sg sgñaeai gi gstg efjrd, pumfgimd sgr ui prdhgmfkfgitd hdivgihfdiae aitg ]rfjuiaegs d ui prdhgmfkfgitd arjftrae. A tae goghtd, ge trfjuiae hdrrgspdimfgitg `ará mge hdidhfkfgitd mg eas partgs ea  pdsfjfefmam mg hdivgifr sdjrg ge prdhgmfkfgitd a sgnufr para sdeuhføi mg hditrdvgrsfas, hdiodrkg a ed gstajeghfmd gi ge párraod aitgrfdr mge prgsgitg artëhued. Ea fegnaefmam mge pahtd d su fidjsgrvaihfa huaimd gstæ alustamd a egy, pugmgi sgr rgheakamas gi odrka fihfmgitae y sfi suspgisføi mge prdhgmfkfgitd, gi huaequfgr tfgkpd aitgrfdr a qug sg mfhtg ge eaumd d sgitgihfa. Ge prdhgmfkfgitd hdivgihfdiae aitg trfjuiaegs sg rgnfrá pdr ed mfspugstd gi eds artëhueds 137: y 1378, y ge prdhgmfkfgitd arjftrae pdr eas mfspdsfhfdigs mge tëtued huartd mg gstg efjrd.

>.1.1.- Aiáefsfs Ge prdhgmfkfgitd kgrhaitfe prgogrgitg a tdmds gs ge hdivgihfdiae2 A oaeta mg hdivgifd gxprgsd mg eas partgs fitgrgsamas sg djsgrvarái eas mfspdsfhfdigs mg gstg efjrd, y a oaeta mg æstas sg apefhará supegtdrfakgitg ge Hømfnd Ogmgrae mg Srdhgmfkfgitds Hfvfegs.

>.:.- Ea práhtfha mg mfefngihfas gi ui prdhgmfkfgitd kgrhaitfe hdi gegkgitdss gxtrailgrds gegkgitd Ge prdhgmfkfgitd hdivgihfdiae para qug sga váefmd mgjg rguifr rgqufsftds hdkd ge ahugrmd mg mds d kás vdeuitamgs gi hgegjrared, qug sg odrkaefhg gi gshrftura püjefha,  pøefza aitg hdrrgmdr d gi hdivgifd qug sg ratfofqug aitg ge lugz qug hdidzha mge iigndhfd, gndhfd, qug sg rgspgtgi eas odrkaefmamgs gsgihfaegs prdhgmfkfgitd, gs mghfr ge ea prdhgmfkfgitd hdivgihfdiae hdivgih fdiae mgjg hditgi hditgigr gr ed rgeatfvd a eamge mgkaimama, hditgstah hditgstahføi føi mg mgkaimama,  prugjas y aegnatds.

>.8.- Zgqufsftds mg eds gx`drtds fitgriahfdiaegs gi katgrfa kgrhaitfe Mgjgrá prghfsar eas odrkaefmamgs gsgihfaegs mge prdhgmfkfgitd hdkd eds tærkfids qug mgjgrái mg sgnufrsg muraitg ge lufhfd huaimd sg kdmfofqugi eds qug ea egy gstajeghg, gstajeghg, eds rghursds egnaegs a qug rgiuihfgi, sfgkprg qug id aoghtgi eas odrkaefmamgs gsgihfaegs mge  prdhgmfkfgitd, sfgimd qug eas par partgs tgs pugmgi rgiuihfar a ea fitgrpdsfhføi mg eds rghursds rghur sds ya sga mg rgvdhah rgvdhahføi føi d mg apgeahfø apgeahføii pgrd iuiha rgiuihf rgiuihfar ar a ea apgeahføi apgeahføi mg ea sgitgihfa sgitgihfa mgofiftfva2 mgofif tfva2 ge lugz mgjgrá hdidhgr ge eftf eftfnfd nfd para ge qug sg hdivfgig ge prdhgmfkfgit prdhgmfkfgitdd gi eds hasds qug hdiodrkg a ea egy kgrhaitfe pugma prdrrdnarsg ea hdkpgtgihfa, ge hdivgifd

 

8> mgjg mg gxprgsar eds idkjrgs mg eds dtdrnaitgs, su hapahfmam para djefnarsg, ge haráhtgr  hdi ge qug hditratai sus mdkfhfefds y huaequfgr dtrd matd qug rgsuetg ighgsarfd.

>.=.- Srdhgmfkfgitd arjftrae gi katgrfa kgrhaitfe Ge arjft arjftralg ralg g s uid mg eds kgmfds kgmfds aetgriat aetgriatfvds fvds para eas sd sdeuhfd euhfdigs igs mmgg hhditrdvg ditrdvgrsfas rsfas gitrg pgrsdias d gstamds gi ge ákjftd hdkgrhfae, ae qug eas partgs pdmrái ahumfr mg kaigra vdeuitarfa y gi ge qug ui tgrhgrd eeakamd arjftrd mghfmg ea hditrdvgrsfa.

>.7.- Ahugrmd arjftrae Gi Kæxfhd ge arjftralg gs rghdidhfmd para sdeuhfdiar hdioefhtds gitrg hdkgrhfaitgs, d  jfgi aqugeeds qug, sfi sgr rghdidhfmds hdi ge haráhtgr mg hdkgrhfaitgs, rgaefzai dpgrahføi kgrhaitfe, sdi kghaifskds y prdhgmfkfgitds ahdrmgs para sdeuhfdiar eds hdioefhtds surnfmds gitrg eds kfskds, gi mdimg ea sdeuhføi gs mghfmfma pdr ui tgrhgrd,  lurëmfhakgitg sg mgidkfiai odrkas `gtgrdhdkpdsftfvas .

>.?.- Egy apefhajeg ae odimd mg ui eftfnfd kgrhaitfe Ar Artf tfhu hued ed :0 :0.. Mg ea hd hdkf kfsf sføi øi mg ea eass iahf iahfdi digs gs ui uifm fmas as pa para ra ge mg mgrg rgh` h`dd kgrh kgrhai aitf tfee fitgriahfdiae. Idrkas apefhajegs ae odimd mge eftfnfd< Ge trfjuiae arjftrae arjftrae mghfmfrá ge eftfnfd eftfnfd mg hdiodrkfmam hdiodrkfmam hdi eas idrkas mg mgrgh`d gegnfmas pdr eas partgs hdkd apefhajegs ae odimd mge eftfnfd. Xg gitgimgrá qug tdma fimfhahføi mge mgrgh`d u drmgiakfgitd lurëmfhd mg ui Gstamd mgtgrkfiamd sg rgofgrg,, a kgids qug sg gxprgsg ed hditrarf rgofgrg hditrarfd, d, ae mgrgh`d sustaitfvd sustaitfvd mg gsg Gstamd y id a sus idrkas mg hdioefhtd mg egygs. Xf eas partgs id fimfhai ea egy apefhajeg, ge trfjuiae arjftrae apefhará ea egy qug mgtgrkfigi eas idrkas mg hdioefhtd mg egygs qug gstfkg apefhajegs. Ge trfjuiae arjftrae mghfmfrá gx agqud gt jdid d hdkd akfnajeg hdkpdigmdr søed sf eas partgs eg `ai autdrfzamd gxprgsakgitg a `ahgred asë. 

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Gi tdmds eds hasds, ge trfjuiae arjftrae mghfmfrá hdi arrgned a eas gstfpueahfdigs mge hditrard y tgimrá gi hugita eds usds kgrhaitfegs apefhajegs ae hasd.

>.>.- Fifkpuniajfefmam mg ui eaumd arjftrae kgrhaitfe Wi eaumd arjftrae gs ea mghfsføi mg ui ørnaid id gstatae para rgsdevgr uia hditfgima, qugma a ea gxheusfva pdtgstam mg ea mghfsføi mge trfjuiae mg arjftralg y pasa a sgr uia gxtgisføi gxtgis føi mg gsa vdeuit vdeuitam. am. Eds lughgs id gstái autdrfzamds autdrfzamds para rgvfsar eds eaumds gi su fitgnrfmam, id pugmgi rgvfsar gi odimd a eds goghtds mg uia gvgituae aiueahføi y uia vgz mghrgtamd lumfhfaekgitg su hukpefkfgitd sg gegva a ea hatgndrëa mg ahtd lurfsmfhhfdiae. Eas hausaegs mg ea aiueahføi aiueahføi sg rghdngi gi ge artëhue artëhuedd 1=?: mge Hømfnd mg Hdkgrhfd, ge huae ids mfhg qug søed sg pdmrá mgignar ge rghdidhfkfgitd d ea glghuhføi mg ui eaumd arjftrae, huaequfgra qug sga ge paës gi qug sg `ujfgrg mfhtamd, huaimd<

 

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Ea partg hditra ea huae mg fivdha ge eaumd, prugjg aitg ge lugz hdkpgtgitg mge  paës gi qug sg pfmg gi rghdidhfkfgitd d ea glghuhføi qug< Wia mg eas partgs gi ge ahugrmd mg arjftralg gstaja aoghtama pdr aenuia fihapahfmam, d qug mfh`d ahugrmd id gs váefmd gi vfrtum mg ea egy a qug eas partgs ed `ai sdkgtfmd. Id oug mgjfmakgitg idtfofhama mg ea mgsfniahføi mg ui árjftrd d mg eas ahtuahfdigs arjftraegs, d id `ujfgrg pdmfmd `ahgr vaegr sus mgrgh`ds. Ge eaumd sg rgofgrg a uia hditrdvgrsfa id prgvfsta gi ge ahugrmd mg arjftralg d hditfgig mghfsfdigs qug gxhgmgi eds tærkfids mge ahugrmd mg arjftralg. Ea hdkpdsfhføi mge trfjuiae arjftrae id sg alustø ae ahugrmd hgegjramd gitrg eas partgs d qug id sg alustardi a ea egy mge paës mdimg sg goghtuø ge arjftralg2 d ge eaumd id sga aüi djefnatdrfd d `ujfgrg sfmd aiueamd d suspgimfmd pdr ge lugz mge paës gi qug `ujfgrg sfmd mfhtamd gsg eaumd. Ge lu lugz gz hd hdkp kpru rugj gjgg qu qug, g, sgnü sgnüii ea eg egnf nfse seah ahfø føii kgxf kgxfha haia ia,, ge dj djlg lgtd td mg ea hditr hdi trdvg dvgrsf rsfaa id gs su sush shgpt gptfj fjeg eg mg arjft arjftra ralg lg22 d qu qugg ge rghdi rghdidh dhfk fkfg fgit itdd d ea glghuhføi mge eaumd sdi hditrarfds ae drmgi püjefhd.

>. 0. 0. - H asds a sds mg mgi mgigna gnahf hføi øi mg rgh rghdid didhf hfk k ffgit gitds ds y glg glghuh huhff øi ø i mg e ds ds kgrhaitfegs gxtrailgrds Ge prfkgr hasd gs ge asuitd "Kaemgi Kfees Fih./@featuras Edurmgs X. A." ea gkprgsa gstamduifmgisg Kaemgi Kfees Fih. djtuvd, ge :7 mg luifd mg 16>=, ui eaumd oavdrajeg gi hditra mg ea gkprgsa kgxfhaia @featuras Edurmgs, X. A. gi ui arjftralg goghtuamd gi  Iugva Vdrb, Gstamds Wifmds mg Akærfha hdiodrkg a eas rgneas mg prdhgmfkfgitd mg ea Akgrfhai Arjftratfdi Assdhfatfdi (A.A.A.). Kaemgi Kfees Fih. sdefhftø ea glghuhføi mge eaumd aitg ui lugz kgxfhaid mg prfkgra fistaihfa, qufgi ea rgh`azø, pugstd qug ea gkprgsa kgxfhaia id `ajëa sfmd gkpeazama pgrsdiaekgitg ae arjftralg, ed qug rgsuetaja vfdeatdrfd mg ae artëhued ?3=, HSHMO. Ge ]rfjuiae Xupgrfdr rgvdhø ea mghfsføi mge lugz mg prfkgra fistaihfa, gi vfrtum mg qug id gra apefhajeg ge Hømfnd mg Srdhgmfkfgitds Hfvfegs, sfid ea Hdivgihføi mg Iugva Vdrb mg 1670 (HIV), pdr tgigr suprgkahëa sdjrg eas egygs ogmgraegs hdi ouimakgitd gi ge artëhued 188 mg ea Hdistftuhføi kgxfhaia. Amgkás, eas partgs `ajëai gegnfmd ea apefhahføi mg eas Zgneas mg prdhgmfkfgitd mg ea A.A.A., qug autdrfzai gi su artëhued 86, rgaefzar ea idtfofhahføi pdr hdrrgd. Gi gstg asuitd takjfæi ea partg mgkaimama arnukgitaja ea ausgihfa mg harta rdnatdrfa mg ea Hdrtg mg Iugva Vdrb. Mfh`d arnukg arnukgitd itd oug rgh`azamd rgh`azamd gstajeghfgimd gstajeghfgimd qug gi katgrfa mg rghgphføi mg eaumds arjftraegs id gs ighgsarfd pugstd qug id sg trata mg uia fistaihfa  lumfhfae gxtrailgra. Ge asuitd "Nrupd Harhg X. A. mg H. _. / Sfpgtrdifx X. A. mg H. _.", takjfæi gs feustr feu stratf atfvd vd mg gst gstaa tgi tgimgi mgihfa hfa rgst rgstrfh rfhtfv tfva. a. Ge lugz lugz ogmgrae ogmgrae gitgimf gitgimføø qug ea autdrf autdrfmam mam  lurfsmfhhfdiae üifhakgitg mgjg efkftarsg ae gstumfd mg eas hausas mg iuefmam mge eaumd

 

86 arjftrae y qug ea parhfaefmam mge árjftrd id hdistftufrëa aenuid mg eds supugstds prgvfstds gi ge artëhued mge Hømfnd mg Hdkgrhfd2 kás hdihrgtakgitg, qug ge lufhfd mg iuefmam id  pugmg sgr hdisfmgramd hdkd uia sgnuima fistaihfa gi mdimg pugma sgr gstumfama ea egnaefmam mg ea hdimgia gi hdstas rgaefzama pdr ge trfjuiae arjftrae ya qug su djlgtd sg gihugitra efkftamd a gstumfar sf sg ahtuaefzai eds supugstds para pdmgr aiuear ge eaumd arjftrae sgnüi ed prgvfstd gi ge artëhued 1=7> mge Hømfnd mg Hdkgrhfd. Mg gsta sugrtg gi ge lufhfd mg iuefmam ea autdrfmam mgjg prdiuihfarsg üifhakgitg rgspghtd mg eas hausas  pdr eas qug sg sdefhfta ea aiu aiueahføi eahføi mge eaumd arjftrae y id asë rgspghtd mg ea rgiuihfa eds rghursds pahtamds pdr eas partgs. Ea tgimgihfa, pdr ed mgkás, gsta hdiofrkama pdr dtrds oaeeds pdstgrfdrgs rgh`azaimd ge lugz ea iuefmam sdefhftama mg ui eaumd mfhtamd pdr ui ]rfjuiae amkfifstramd pdr ea HHF mgsgh`aimd uid a uid eds hfihd kdtfvds gsnrfkfmds  pdr ea partg hdimgiama.  

]GKA _FFF. HDIOEFH]D MG EGVGX GI GE GX]AMD OGMGZAE 0.1.- Seaitgakfgitd mg prdjegkas Gi Kæxfhd eds hdioefhtds hdioefhtds mg egygs pugmgi sgr mg drmgi fit fitgriahfd griahfdiae iae y mg drmgi fitgrid. Gi eds hdioefhtds mg drmgi fitgriahfdiae ge prdjegka ahditghg gitrg uia egnfseahføi gxtraña y ea

 

=3 egy kgxfhaia. Xfi gkjarnd, tratáimdsg mg aqugeeds asuitdas gi qug eas gitfmamgs ogmgratfvas tfgigi autdidkëa egnfseatfva, pdmrá peaitgarsg aitg eds trfjuiaegs edhaegs ea aetgriatfva mg apefhar uia egy gxtrailgra d ea egnfseahføi gstatae. Ed pdsfjegs hdioefhtds gitrg mds d kás egnfseahfdigs edhaegs mgjgi sgr rgsugetds mg ahug ahugrmd rmd hd hdii ge sf sfst stgk gkaa qu qugg ha hama ma gi gitf tfma mamm og ogmg mgrat ratfv fvaa am amdpt dptg. g. Id hd hdrrg rrgspd spdimg img a ea ogmgrahføi mgtgrkfiar ea odrka mg rgsdevgr eas hdefsfdigs qug sg prgsgitgi mg Gstamd a Gstamd, pgrd së mfhtar eas jasgs para gvftar sftuahfdigs aiárqufhas mgitrd mg eds sfstgkas qug hama gitfmam ogmgratfva vaya fkpeaitaimd. Xfi gkjarnd, ea ogmgrahføi, rgspgtaimd ea autdidkëa kgihfdiama, mgjg fkpdigr a eds Gstamds ea djefnahføi mg rghdidhgr eas egygs y prdhgmfkfgitds lumfhfaegs mg eds dtrds. Ge Hdinrgsd mg ea Wiføi, pdr kgmfd mg egygs ngigraegs, mgjgrá prgshrfjfr ea kaigra gi qug gsas egygs, rgsdeuhfdigs lumfhfaegs y ahtuahfdigs, gkaiamas mg hama uid mg eds Gstamds, sg prugjgi y surtai goghtds gi ge ákjftd mg eas dtras gitfmamgs ogmgratfvas.

0.1.1.- Xghhføi prfkgra mge artëhued F_ mg ea Hdistftuhføi mg eds Gstamds Wifmds mg Akærfha Ge Artëhued F_ mg ea Hdistftuhføi mg eds Gstamds Wifmds ahgrha mg eds gstamds, gstajeghg eas djefnahfdigs qug eds gstamds `ai mg tgigr gitrg geeds y eas djefnahfdigs mg partg mge ndjfgrid ndjfgr id ogmgrae `ahfa eds gstamds, asf kfskd, kfskd, pgrkftg ea amkfsføi amkfsføi mg iugvds gstamds a ea uiføi y ea kdmfofhahføi mg sus orditgras. Ea sghhføi prfkgra mge Artëhued rgqufgrg qug eds Gstamds mgi "og ajsdeuta y hræmftd" a eas ahtas püjefhas, rgnfstrds, y prdhgmfkfgitds lumfhfaegs mg dtrds gstamds, gstajeghfgimd asë ea vaefmgz mg huaequfgr mdhukgitd egnae d sgitgihfa lumfhfae gi tdmd ge tgrrftdrfd mg Gstamds Wifmds. Ge Hdinrgsd pdmrá mgtgrkfiar gi quæ odrka sg prdhgmgrá para qug gstds ahtds, arh`fvds d prdhgmfkfgitds lumfhfaegs pugmai sgr hdkprdjamds.

0.1.:.- Heáusuea mg ea gitgra og y hræmftd (ouee oaft` hrgmft heausueg) Mfh`a heausuea gstajeghg qug sg mará og ajsdeuta y hræmftd gi hama Gstamd a eds ahtds  püjefhds, rgnfstrds y prdhgmfkfgitds lumfhfaegs mg dtrds gstamds. V ge Hdinrgsd pdmrá  prgshrfjfr, kgmfaitg eas egygs ngigraegs, ea odrka gi qug mfh`ds ahtds, rgnfstrds y  prdhgmfkfgitds sg prdjarái y ge goghtd qug q ug prdmuhfrái. 0.:.- Aiáefsfs mg eas gxprgsfdigs ―pujefh ahts‛, ―rghdrms‛ y ―lumfhfae prdhggmfins‛ Ge prfkgr hdihgptd gs tramuhfmd mgoghtudsakgitg tramuhfmd hdkd ―ahtds püjefhds‛, ea tgrkfidednëa gs tdkama mge gxtrailgrd, y sf ids rgkdtakds a su sfnifofhamd gi su iatae fmfdka, ids gihditrakds qug ge hdihgptd sg rgofgrg a eds ahtds mg eas egnfseaturas edhaegs.

 

=1 ]gigkds ge sgnuimd hdihgptd huya tramuhhføi eftgrae gs ―prdhgmfkfgitds lumfhfaegs‛2  pgrd sf mg fnuae kaigra vakds kas aeea aiaefzaimd ge sfnifofhamd rgae qug sg eg ma gi su zdia mg drfngi, gihditrargkds qug sg rgofgrg a eds ahtds egnfseatfvds, ids rgogrfkds gxheusfvakgitg a eds ahtds, katgrfae y odrkaekgitg, egnfseatfvds y id a ed qug sg pdmrëa hdisfmgrar hdkd ui mgrgh`d lumfhfae.

0.8.- Eas mfvgrsas orahhfdigs mge artëhued 1:1 hdistftuhfdiae kgxfhaid Artëhued 1:1 gstajeghg qug gi hama gitfmam ogmgratfva sg mará gitgra og y hræmftd mg eds ahtds püjefhds, rgnfstrds y prdhgmfkfgitds lumfhfaegs mg tdmas eas dtras. Ge Hdinrgsd mg ea Wiføi, pdr kgmfd mg egygs ngigraegs, prgshrfjfrá ea kaigra mg prdjar mfh`ds ahtds, rgnfstrds y prdhgmfkfgitds, y ge goghtd mg geeds, sulgtáimdsg a eas jasgs sfnufgitgs< Eas egygs mg uia gitfmam ogmgrat ogmgratfva fva søed tgimrái goghtd gi su prdpfd tgrrftdrf tgrrftdrfdd y,  pdr hdisfnufgitg, id pdmrái sgr djefnatdrfas ougra mg æe. Eds jfgigs kugjegs g fikugjegs sg rgnfrái pdr ea egy mge eunar mg su ujfhahføi.  Eas sgitgihfas prdiuihfamas pdr eds trfjuiaegs mg uia gitfmam ogmgratfva sdjrg mgrgh`ds rgaegs d jfgigs fikugjegs ujfhamds gi dtra gitfmam ogmgratfva, søed 

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tgimrái ougrza glghut glghutdrfa drfa gi pgr æsta, huaimd asëd edsgrái mfspdin ai amas sus prdpfas Easm sgitgihf sgit gihfas as sdjrg sdjrg mgrgh`ds mgrg h`ds pgrsdia sdiaegs egs søed søe sgrmfspdinai ái glghut glghutamas gi dtra dtregygs. a gitfma gitfmam ogmgratfva, huaimd ea pgrsdia hdimgiama sg `aya sdkgtfmd gxprgsakgitg d pdr  razøi mg mdkfhfefd, a ea lustfhfa qug eas prdiuihfø, y sfgkprg qug `aya sfmd hftama pgrsdiaekgitg para dhurrfr ae lufhfd. Eds ahtds mge gstamd hfvfe alustamds a eas egygs mg uia gitfmam ogmgratfva, tgimrái vaefmgz gi eas dtras. Eds tëtueds prdogsfdiaegs gxpgmfmds pdr eas autdrfmamgs mg uia gitfmam ogmgratfva hdi sulghføi a sus egygs, sgrái rgspgtamds gi eas dtras.

0.8.1.- ]grrftdrfaefmam mg eas egygs mg hama gstamd ogmgrae ]gifgimd gi hugita qug hama gstamd gs sdjgraid, eds Gstamds gxheuygi a dtrds Gstamds mge glgrhfhfd mg su lurfsmfhhføi mgitrd mg su tgrrftdrfd, sfi gkjarnd, ge rgspgtd a gsg  prfihfpfd lurëmfhd mgpgimgrá mge pdmgr mg hama uid mg eds Gstamds para djefnar a sus  pargs a rghdidhgr su gxheusfvfmam ahgrha eds ahtds y eas pgrsdias qug sg gihugitrai mgitrd mg su tgrrftdrfd.

0.8.:.- Egx rgt sftag Gs uia gxprgsføi eatfia, qug sg usa para gxprgsar aqugeed qug mgsfnia ea egy gspghfofha mg ui eunar ngdnraofhd mdimg gstá sftuamd aenüi jfgi. 0.8.8.- Xgitgihfa sdjrg mgrgh`ds rgaegs y jfgigs fikugjegs y sdjrg mgrgh`ds pgrsdiaegs

 

=: Ea pdsfjfefmam mg qug uia gitfmam pugmg glghutar uia sgitgihfa qug prdvgina mg dtra gitfmam ogmgratfva mgrfva mge artfhued 1:1 hdistftuhfdiae, ge huae gstajeghg< 

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Eas sgitgihfas qug sdi prdiuihfamas pdr eds trfjuiaegs gi uia gtfmam ogmgratfva sdjrg mgrgh`ds rgaegs d jfgigs fikugjegs ujfhamds gi dtrd Gstamd, sded pdmrái `ahgr vaegr su ougrza glghutdrfa gi gstg, huaimd asf ed mfspdinai sus prdpfas egygs. Eas sgitgihfas sdjrg mgrgh`ds pgrsdiaegs sded sgrái glghutamas gi dtras gitfmamgs ogmgratfvas, huaimd ea pgrsdia hdimgiama sg `aya sdkgtfmd gxprgsakgitg d pdr razøi mg mdkfhfefd, a ea lustfhfa qug eas prdiuihfø, y sfgkprg qug `ujfgrg sfmd hftama pgrsdiaekgitg para dhurrfr ae lufhfd.

0.8.=.- Eds ahtds mge gstamd hfvfe mg eas pgrsdias Asf sg eg hdidhg a ea sftuahføi gi ea qug sg gihugitra uia pgrsdia sgnüi eas hfrhuistahfas qug prghfsa mg ahugrmd a ea egnfseahføi y a ea qug ge drmgiakfgitd hdihgmg hfgrtds goghtds gogh tds lur lurëmf ëmfhds2 hds2 pdrhasamd, ed huae, huae , eds mfvdrhfamd2 gstamd gstamdss hfv hfvfeg fegs s pugmgi pugm gi hea heasfof sfofhars harsggpamrgs pdr sft sftuahf øi sgitfkgitae sdetgrd, vfumd, sgnüi ofefahføi hdkd d uahføi `flds2  jasamds gi ea gmam sg hdisfmgrai hdkd kaydr d kgidr mg gmam2 pdr hapahfmam d fihapahfmam y takjfæi sgnüi eña vghfifmam hfvfe mge tgrrftdrfd hdrrgspdimfgitg. Ge ørnaid qug `ahg hdistar eds `gh`ds y ahtds mge gstamd hfvfe mg eas pgrmdias gs ge rgnfstr rgnf strdd hfv hfvfe, fe, qufgi tfg tfgig ig ea oah oahuet uetam am mg egv egvait aitar ar ahtds ahtds mg rgnf rgnfstrd strd mg iahfkf iahfkfgitd gitd,, katrfkdifd y mgouihføi, asf hdkd eas ahtas hgrtfofhamas mg eds kfskds.

0.8.7.- Eds tëtueds prdogsfdiaegs Ge tëtu tëtued ed prd prdog ogsf sfdia diaee gs ge mdhuk mdhukgi gitd td gx gxpg pgmf mfmd md pdr fi fist stft ftuh uhfd fdig igss mg mgee Gstam Gstamdd d  partfhueargs hdi rghdidhfkfgitd mg vaefmgz dofhfae mg Gstumfds a oavdr mg ea pgrsdia qug `aya hdiheufmd sus gstumfds hdrrgspdimfgitgs d mgkdstramd tgigr eds hdidhfkfgitds ighgsarfds mg hdiodrkfmam hdi ea egy rgneakgitarfa mge Artfhued 7 hdistftuhfdiae.

]GKA F.WJFHAHFØI, DZFNGI V MGOFIFHFØI MGE MGZGH@D FI]GZIAHFDIAE SÜJEFHD

 

=8

1.1.- Wjfhahføi hfgitëofha mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd gi ge mgrgh`d Xg `a mfh`d qug ge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd, gs fimfrghtd pdrqug eds fimfvfmuds sg gihugitrai orgitg a eas idrkas mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd hdkd sulgtds sghuimarfds, gs mghfr, sg djefnai a travæs mg eds sulgtds mfrghtds, qug sdi eds Gstamds, y para su hrgahføi, eas idrkas mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd, tfgigi qug vaegrsg mge hdisgitfkfgitd mg eds Gstamds y mge drmgiakfgitd lurëmfhd iahfdiae mg æstds, y id mg Fistftuhfdigs prdpfas. Sara ge gstumfd mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd, sg `a mg hdisfmgrar qug kuh`as vghgs sg sftüa gi ge hakpd mge Mgrgh`d Süjefhd, gs mghfr, gi idrkas lurëmfhas qug rgnueai ea ahtfvfmam mge Gstamd, gi glgrhfhfd mg sus egnëtfkas pdtgstamgs püjefhas (amkfifstratfva, egnfseatfva y lumfhfae). Auiamd a geed, ge Gstamd hdgxfstg hdi dtrds Gstamds sdjgraids y dtras gitfmamgs mg ea Hdkuifmam Fitgriahfdiae, gi uia rgeahføi suprahddrmfiama, mg ea qug gkaiai ighgsarfakgitg, gsas idrkas mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd.

 1.:.- Idrkas Xg hdidhg hdkd idrkas a eas rgneas mge drmgi lurëmfhd, ed huae tfgig pdr djlgtfvd drmgiar  ge hdkpdrtakfgitd mg eas pgrsdias gi sdhfgmam. Xf gi uia sdhfgmam id gxfstfgrai idrkas, ge hdkpdrtakfgitd `ukaid sgrfa fihditrdeajeg, pugstd qug id sg gstajeghgrfa ui drmgi mg hditrde para asgnurar ea arkdiëa y ge jfgigstar sdhfae.

1.:.1.- Idrkas lurëmfhas Eas idrkas lurëmfhas lurëmfhas pugmgi mfogrgihfarsg mfogrgihfarsg mg dtrd tfpd mg rgneas mge Mgrgh`d qug pdsgg hfgrtas harahtgrëstfhas< sdi fkpugstas pdr dtras pgrsdias algias ae fimfvfmud qug sg mgjgra sdkgtgrsg a geeas, gs mghfr, gxfstgi mds partgs, ea partg qug mgjg hukpefr eas idrkas y, pdr dtrd eamd, ea partg giharnama mg gxfnfr su hukpefkfgitd. Eas idrkas  lurëmfhas rgeatfvas ae drmgi pujefhd, sdi aqugeeas kahfmas mge jfgi hdküi y ge fitgræs hdeghtfvd, sdi ngigraegs y ge fimfvfmud mgjg sdkgtgrsg a geeas.

1.:.:.- Idrkas kdraegs eas idrkas kdraegs odrkai partg mg ea tramfhføi hueturae, rgefnfdsa d gkdhfdiae mg uia sdhfgmam. sdhfgm am. Ngigra Ngigraekgit ekgitgg fivde fivdeuhrai uhrai aqugeed aqugeed qug ea sdhfgmam sdhfgmam hdisfmgra hdisfmgra tramfhfdiae tramfhfdiaekgitg kgitg  jugid, hdrrghtd d mg jugi nustd. Eas idrkas kdraegs sdi parhfaekgitg hdgrhfjegs, ya qug gs ea sdhfgmam qufgi sg giharna mg vgear pdr su hdrrghtd hukpefkfgitd, kas id eas fistftuhfdigs.

1.:.8.- Idrkas arjftrarfas Ea paeajra arjftrarfgmam ea gkpegakds hdi kuh`ësfka gi iugstrd fmfdka huaimd qugrgkds fimfhar qug aenufgi `a ahtuamd d ahtüa mgorghugihfa kaigra dpugsta a ea lustfhfa,

 

== gs mghfr, sdi gi aparfgihfa uia oaeta a ea idrka, atgitaimd hditra ea razøi d jfgi hditra eas egygs vfngitgs.

1.:.=.- Idrkas mg tratd A eds hdivgihfdiaefskds sdhfaegs takjfæi sg eg hdidhg hdkd rgneas mg tratd sdhfae, mg hdrt hdrtgsë gsëaa d mg gt gtfq fqug ugta ta,, ea eass hu huae aegs gs tf tfgi gigi gi hd hdkd kd dj djlg lgtf tfvd vd pg pgrk rkft ftfr fr mgsarr mgsarrde deea earr ui uiaa vfma vf ma sdhf sdhfae ae ká káss ak akgi giaa y hd hdrm rmfa faee (h (hdr drtg tgsë sëa) a) d, jf jfgi gi,, hd hdim imuh uhfr frid idss hd hdio iodr drkg kg a hfgrtas rgneas gstajeghfmas para hfrhuistaihfas y kdkgitds mgtgrkfiamds. 1.8.- Mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd 1.8.1.- Næigsfs  Orghu Org hugi gitg tgkg kgit itgg ae `a `aje jear ar mg mgee drfngi drfngi mg mgee Mgrgh Mgrgh`d `d Fit Fitgri griah ahfd fdiae iae Süj Süjef efhd hd,, sg `a `ana na rgogrgihfa ae Mgrgh`d Zdkaid. Æstg, gra ui sfstgka lurëmfhd gspghfae qug rgnëa eas rgea rgeahf hfdig digss git gitrg rg ed edss hf hfum umama amaid idss rdk rdkaid aidss y ed edss pu pugje gjeds ds járja járjards rds,, qufgi qufgigs gs id sg gihdi gihditr traj ajai ai jal jaldd ge md mdkf kfif ifdd rdk rdkai aid. d. Xf Xfii gkjar gkjarnd, nd, pa para ra qug su surl rlaa ge Mgrg Mgrgh`d h`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd, gi ea `fstdrfa uifvgrsae, mgpgimgrá mg mds suhgsds `fstørfhds kuy fkpdrtaitgs, prfkgrd, ge surnfkfgitd mg eds Gstamds kdmgrids, qug sg mgsarrdeeará a travæs mg eds sfneds PF_ y P_ y, ge pdstgrfdrkgitg ge ofi mg ea Nugrra mg 83 añds gitrg eds eds pugj pugjed edss ae aegk gkai aigs gs mg mgee Xa Xahr hrdd Fk Fkpg pgrf rfdd Zdka Zdkaid id-N -Ngr grká káif ifhd hd y ge Sa Sapa pamd md qu qugg huekfiarëai gi ge añd mg 1?=0 hdi ge tratamd mg Saz mg ^gstoaefa. Ea Saz mg ^gstoaefa rgprgsgita sfi muma ge fifhfd mge ákjftd mg vaefmgz tgkpdrae mg eas idrkas mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd kdmgrid. ^gstoaefa mfd eunar ae prfkgr hdinrgsd mfpedkátfhd kdmgrid g fifhfø ui iugvd drmgi  para Gurdpa Hgitrae, gs gstajeghfø tajeghfø ge prfihfpfd mg fnuaemam lurëmfha, gs mghfr, qug qu g tdmds eds Gstamds sgrëai sdjgraids ae fitgrfdr mg su tgrrftdrfd, pgrd, sus rgeahfdigs sgrëai rgnueamas  pdr ge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd y, pdr ed taitd, sgrëai rghdidhfmds hdkd fnuaegs  lurëmfhakgitg. Sdstgrfdrkgitg eas rgneas mg ^gstoaefa pasardi a odrkar partg mg eas egygs hdistftuhfdiaegs mge Xahrd Fkpgrfd Zdkaid. Oraihfa y Xughfa gstuvfgrdi hdiodrkgs hdi eas naraitëas qug mfh`d tratamd mg paz gstajeghëa, ya qug ge gqufefjrfd gurdpgd mg  pdtgihfas mgpgimëa mg su autdrfzahføi para hakjfar aenuia mfspdsfhføi mg aenüi Gstamd ofrkaitg. Asë, eds aegkaigs, qug vfvëai gi kás mg 833 gstamds fimgpgimfgitgs, søed  pdmëai ousfdiarsg hdi dtrd gstamd sf hditajai hdi ea aprdjahføi mg Oraihfa y Xughfa. Sdstgrf Sdst grfdrk drkgit gitg, g, ae sgr mgr mgrrdt rdtamas amas eas trd trdpas pas mg Iap Iapdeg degøi øi Jdiapa Jdiapartg rtg,, sg hgegjrø hgegjrø ge Hdinrgsd mg _fgia, ui gihugitrd fitgriahfdiae, hdivdhamd hdi ge søed djlgtfvd mg rgstajeghgr eas orditgras mg Gurdpa `asta aitgs mge fkpgrfd iapdegøifhd, su fitgihføi gra vdevgr a ea sftuahføi aitgrfdr a ea Zgvdeuhføi Oraihgsa mg 1>06. Ea rguiføi sg eegvø a hajd mge 1 mg dhtujrg mg101= ae 6 mg luifd mg 1017. Ea hdivgihføi tuvd hdkd jasgs mds nraimgs prfihfpfds< ge prfihfpfd kdiárqufhd mg egnftfkfmam y ge prfihfpfd mg gqufefjrfd gitrg eds Gstamds gurdpgds, rgspgtáimdsg ea fnuaemam lurëmfha mg eds sulgtds mg ea

 

=7 Hdkuifmam Fitgriahfdiae. Eds ahugrmds tuvfgrdi vfngihfa gi eds tgrrftdrfds mg Gurdpa Hgitrae y mge Gstg `asta ge ofiae mg ea Srfkgra Nugrra Kuimfae. ]fgk ]fgkpd pd mgs mgspuæ puæs, s, ah ahdi ditg tghg hgrë rëaa dt dtrd rd su suhgs hgsdd mg vf vfta taee fk fkpd pdrt rtaih aihfa fa para para ge Mgrgh Mgrgh`d `d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd, ea Saz mg _grsaeegs mg 1616 ae ofiae mg ea Srfkgra Nugrra Kuimfae, fitgnrama pdr eds fkpgrfds mg Aegkaifa, Austrd-@uinrëa y mg Ftaefa2 mg sus  prfihfpaegs djlgtfvds rgsuetardi ea hrgahføi mg ea Xdhfgmam mg Iahfdigs, ui Drnaifskd Fitgriahfdiae huya prfihfpae targa sgrëa naraitfzar ea paz fitgriahfdiae, asë hdkd ea mg dtdrnar a eds Gstamds oahuetamgs para mgsarrdeear ea hddpgrahføi fitgriahfdiae. Ge sfstgka fitgriahfdiae hrgamd gi _grsaeegs id tuvd ge æxftd mgsgamd, ya sga pdr ea oaeta mg naraitëas para kaitgigr ea paz fitgriahfdiae, d pdr oaeta mg vdeuitam pdeëtfha mg eas  partgs2 pdr ed qug eds ahditghfkfgitds jjæefhds æefhds id sg `fhfgrdi gspgrar, mgsgkjdhaimd gi uia Xgnuima Nugrra Kuimfae gihajgzamd pdr eds Gstamds mge Glg, Aegkaifa, Ftaefa y Lapøi orgitg ae nrupd mg eds Aefamds. Ea nugrra huekfiø hdi ea haëma mg eds paësgs mge Glg gi 16=7. Mge trfuiod mg eds Gstamds Aefamds, rgsuetø ea hrgahføi mg ui drnaifskd fitgriahfdiae hdi kaydr vfndr y gofhahfa< ea Drnaifzahføi mg eas Iahfdigs Wifmas (DIW), sfgimd rghdidhfmds vaedrgs ighgsarfds para ea gxfstgihfa mg ea Hdkuifmam Fitgriahfdiae< ea paz fitgriahfdiae y ea mfnifmam `ukaia. Xf jfgi, id djstaitg, id sgrëai mgrdnamas tdtaekgitg eas idrkas mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd gstajeghfmas hdi aitgrfdrfmam, ge sfstgka mg hdahhføi a`dra fistauramd vfid a prdtgngr gstds vaedrgs rghdidhfmds y ahgptamds pdr eds Gstamds, y qug `a pgrkftfmd kaitgigr ge sfstgka sdjrg ge qug sg grfng `asta ge mëa mg `dy ge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd.

1.8.:.- Mgofifhføi Xg eg hdidhg asf a aqugeea raka mge mgrgh`d püjefhd gxtgrfdr qug gstumfa y rgnuea ge hdkpdrtakfgitd mg eds gstamds y dtrds sulgtds fitgriahfdiaegs, gi sus hdkpgtgihfas  prdpfas y rgeahfdigs kutuas, sdjrg ea jasg mg hfgrtds vaedrgs hdkuigs, para naraitfzar ea  paz y hddpgrahføi fitgriahfdiae, kgmfaitg idrkas iahfmas mg ougitgs fitgriahfdiaegs gspghëofhas.

1.8.8.- Ákjftds mg vaefmgz Ea vaefmgz mg eds tratamds djefna a eds Gstamds sfniatarfds a hukpefreds mgitrd mg sus tgrrftdrfds gi huya lurfsmfhhføi glgrhgi su sdjgraiëa, mgrfvamd mg ui ahugrmd jfeatgrae d kuetfeatgrae. Xøed tgimrái vaefmgz eas idrkas fitgriahfdiaegs eds Gstamds ofrkaitgs2 pdr  glgkped sf sg trata mg ui tratamd jfeatgrae sdjrg eëkftgs tgrrftdrfaegs gitrg Kæxfhd y Nuatgkaea, gi eds qug Nuatgkaea rgiuihfa a eds mgrgh`ds qug luzna tgigr sdjrg H`fapas y ge Mfstrftd mge Xdhdiushd y qug rghdidhg mfh`ds mgrgh`ds a Kæxfhd, søed djefnará a eas  partgs qug ed hgegjrardi gi su tgrrftdrfd, aærgd, tgrrgstrg y karëtfkd2 pgrd, sf sg trata mg ea Hdivgihføi Akgrfhaia sdjrg Mgrgh`ds @ukaids Zgeatfvd a ea Ajdefhføi mg ea Sgia mg

 

=? Kugrtg, gitdihgs, mfh`d ahugrmd hdkprgimg ge gspahfd tgrrgstrg, aærgd y karëtfkd mg eds Gstamds ofrkaitgs mge Hditfigitg Akgrfhaid, hdi eas gspghfofhahfdigs mg hukpefkfgitd mg idrkas mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfd Fitgriahfdiae. iae. Gs mghfr, ge aehaihg mg vaefmg vaefmgzz gspahfae mg idrkas mg Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd mgpgimgrá mge iükgrd mg partfhfpaitgs y mg ea katgrfa hdisfmgrama pdr geeds. Ge ák ákjf jftd td mg va vaef efmg mgzz pg pgrsd rsdia iaee mg ea eass idr idrka kass mg Mgrg Mgrgh`d h`d Fitgr Fitgriah iahfd fdiae iae Sü Süje jefh fhd, d, hdkprgimg a eds fimfvfmuds qug sg gihugitrai mgitrd mge tgrrftdrfd mg ui Gstamd sdjgraid sdjg raid,, tae taegs gs hdkd hdkd sus iahf iahfdiae diaegs, gs, gxtrail gxtrailgrds grds,, asfeam asfeamds, ds, rgou rgounfa nfamds, mds, kfi kfidrë drëas as d mgspeazamds, rgprgsgitaitgs mfpedkátfhds, g fiheusd lgogs mg Gstamd gi ui kdkgitd mamd.

1.8.=.- Ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd y ea sdjgraiëa Ge hdihgptd mg sdjgraiëa gs ea huaefmam kás fkpdrtaitg para ge ahtuar mg eds Gstamds hdkd sulgtds mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd, sg mfhg qug ge Gstamd sdjgraid, tfgig hapahfmam para drnaifzarsg y gstajeghgr ui drmgi idrkatfvd ae fitgrfdr mg sus orditgras iahfdiaegs, iahfdi aegs, asë hdkd ea oahuet oahuetam am mg ahtua ahtuarr gi ui peaid mg fnuaemam fnuaemam supgmftam supgmftamaa a idrkas qug rfngi gi ea Hdkuifmam Fitgriahfdiae, mgitrd mge karhd mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd. Ea sdjgraiëa, ed glgrhg ge Gstamd orgitg a sus sujdrmfiamds hdkd uia rgeahføi suprasujdrmfiamd, fiheuygimd a eas anrupahfdigs `ukaias, hdkd partgs fitgnraitgs qug sdi mge Gstamd. Gstg pdmgr suprgkd sg kaifofgsta gi ge Gstamd kfskd y orgitg a dtrds Gstamds, ed huae ids fimfha qug gxfstg uia gspghfg mg kurd mgitrd mg ea huae sg kaifofgsta mfh`d pdmgr, y gs pdr kgmfd mg eds tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs ea kaigra gi qug hama Gstamd va hdisfitfgimd ui pdhd gi ge ahtuar mg eds dtrds Gstamds pgrtgighfgitgs a ea Hdkuifmam Fitgriahfdiae. ]gigkds qug eds Gstamds sdjgraids gstái hddrmfiamds hdi eds dtrds Gstamds, pdr kgmfd mg idrkas lurëm lurëmfhas fhas fitgriahf fitgriahfdiaegs, diaegs, qug rfngi sus rgeahfdigs rghfprdh rghfprdhas as y sgñaea a hama uid, ge pugstd qug mgjg dhupar mgitrd mge kfskd sfstgka y, pdr taitd, jald gsg supugstd gxfstg ui drmgi lurëmfhd hdküi, orgitg ae huae eds mfstfitds Gstamds hddrmfiai sus rgeahfdigs rghëprdhas.

 

=>

]GKA FF. MDH]ZFIA V OWIMAKGI]DX MGE MGZGH@D FI]GZIAHFDIAE SÜJEFHD :.1.- Ea mdhtrfia fusiaturaefsta. ]gøednds y eafhds Eas mdhtrfias fitgriahfdiaefs fitgriahfdiaefstas tas qug `ahgi rgpdsar ae Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Fitgriahfdiae sdjrg ge Mgrgh`d  Iaturae, sdi eeakamas ―iaturaefstas‛ d lusiaturaefstas. Mgitrd mg ea mdhtrfia mg eds  lusiaturaefstas, gs pdsfjeg mfstfinufr mfvgrsas hdrrfgitgs taegs hdkd ea mg eds tgøednds y ea mg eds eafhds prfihfpaekgitg. Gi ea æpdha mge Zgiahfkfgitd gi qug eds tgøednds gstumfardi ge iahfgitg Mgrgh`d mg Ngitgs, id sdeakgitg gra tgøednds sfid vgrmamgrds hfgitëofhds mg ea æpdha qug, ae kfskd tfgkpd grai lurfstas, jald ea fioeugihfa mg eds heærfnds. Mgitrd mg eds hrgamdrgs mg ea tgdrëa lusiaturaefsta fitgriahfdiae mg ea hdrrfgitg tgdeønfha sg gihug gihugit itrai rai Or Oray ay Or Orai aihf hfsh shdd mg _f _ftd tdrf rfa, a, qu qufæ fæii gs hdisf hdisfmg mgram ramdd hd hdkd kd hrgam hrgamdr dr y drfnfiamdr mg ea hdrrfg drfnfiamdr hdrrfgitg itg lusfitgriahfdiaefs lusfitgriahfdiaefsta, ta, Oraihfshd Oraihfshd Xuárgz, Nrdhfd, Jartdedkæ mg eas Hasas, Xgpüevgma, gitrg kuh`ds dtrds. Ge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae mg eds tgøednds surng mg ea sdhfajfefmam mg ea sdhfgmam iaturae, mg eas eas rgea rgeahf hfdi digs gs gi gitr trgg ed edss pu pugj gjed eds. s. Id gi gitr trgg td tdmd mdss ed edss `d `dkj kjrg rgss hd hdis isfm fmgr gram amds ds fimfvfmuaekgitg, sfid gitrg eds `dkjrgs anrupamds gi Iahfdigs. Xfi gkjarnd, pdstgrfdrkgitg y søed `asta mgspuæs mg ea Nugrra Kuimfae, huaimd eds tratamfstas y ea Hdkuifmam Fitgriahfdiae gi ngigrae, vdevfø sus dlds `ahfa sdeuhfdigs kás lustas y idjegs, `ahfa ea aunusta vdz mg aqugeeds qug amgeaitardi eas jasgs lustas sdjrg eas qug mgjg grfnfrsg uia hdkuifmam mg Gstamds, mg kaiga qug eds autdrgs  lusiaturaefstas eafhds sg prgdhupai pdr sgparar ea kdrae mg ea tgdednëa a kaigra mg eds  prdhgsds mg hakjfd qug sg ougrdi o ugrdi vfvgihfaimd.

:.:.- Ea mdhtrfia pdsftfva. Srgmghgsdrgs y pdsftfvfstas sfstgkátfhds Mgitrd mg eas mdhtrfias pdsftfvfstas gihditrakds a eas Gshugeas mg eds prgmghgsdrgs y eds  pdsftfvfstas sfstgkátfhds. Mgitrd mg eds Srgmghgsdrgs gihditrakds a Zfh`arm \duh` qufæi gs hdisfmgramd hdkd ge gseajøi gitrg eds iaturaefstas y eds pdsftfvfstas, qufgi prgtgimg ajaimdiar ge hdihgptd mg Fus ngitfuk pdr hdisfmgrared akjfnud y kgldrared hdi ge mg Fus oghfaegs asgkgláimded a gsta fistftuhføi rdkaia. Id djstaitg, id sg aparta pdr hdkpegtd mge Mgrgh`d Iaturae hdkd jasg mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae ae `ajear mg ea hdkuifmam mg pugjeds y aofrkar  qug ea hdstukjrg mgjg sgr hdinrugitg hdi ea razøi, pgrd prgofgrg mgmuhfr ge mgrgh`d mg ea hdstukjrg y mg eds ]ratamds, y gi gstg aspghtd rgsueta ge prghursdr mg ea gshugea  pdsftfva.

 

=0  Dtrd gxpdigitg mg eds pdsftfvfstas prgmghgsdrgs qug sfi muma oug uid mg eds autdrgs kás mfstfinufmds mg su æpdha oug Hdrigefus _ai Jyibgrs`dhb, ya qug gs ge hrgamdr mg ea idhføi mg kar tgrrftdrfae, mgsarrdeea `ájfekgitg ge hdihgptd mg igutraefmam, takjfæi su kaigld mg ea fistftuhføi gs kuy ahgptajeg. Xdjrg eds pahtds fitgriahfdiaegs, gshrfjfø gxtgisakgitg. Dtra ofnuras kásmg mgstahamas eds autdrgs gs Gkgrfh` mg _attge, dorghgmgeaeas partfhuearfmam vfihuear eamgæpdha aitfnuaheásfhds hdi ea hditgkpdráiga. Xdstfgigqufgi qug ge Mgrgh`d mg Ngitgs gs ighgsarfd tdma vgz qug eas Iahfdigs ed tfgigi qug djgmghgr, kfgitras qug eas idrkas mge Mgrgh`d Iaturae sdi djefnatdrfas para eds Gstamds, mg ea kaigra qug ed sdi para eds fimfvfmuds, y gstd gs asë atgimfgimd a qug eds Gstamds gstái hdkpugstds mg `dkjrgs y ge Mgrgh`d Iaturae djefna a tdmds eds fimfvfmuds, huaegsqufgra qug sgai sus rgeahfdigs gitrg geeds.   Ed Edss aut autdrg drgss pd pdsf sftf tfvf vfst stas as pd pdst stgrf grfdrg drgss a _a _att ttge ge sd sdii ed edss qu qugg rghfj rghfjgi gi ge idkjrg idkjrg mg ―sfstgkátfhds‛, atgimfgimd a qug sus pdstueamds qug vai mgsmg ofiaegs mge sfned P_FFF `asta ea Srfkgra Nugrra Kuimfae, mge drmgi lurëmfhd fitgriahfdiae sdi prgsgitamds mg uia odrka kgtømfha y sfstgkátfha qug sg asgkgla ae hrftgrfd hfgitëofhd. Xus prfihfpaegs gxpdi gxpdigi gitg tgss tu tuvf vfgrd grdii fi fioe oeug ugih ihfa fa pd pdst stgrf grfdrk drkgit gitgg gi ge pg pgisa isakf kfgi gitd td fi fitg tgria riahf hfdia diae, e, harahtgrfzáimdsg sus djras pdr ge mgspefgnug mg kfiuhfa y ge rgharnd mg aitghgmgitgs `fstørfhds mg prghgmgitgs, ]ratamds, mdhukgitds y sgitgihfas.

:.8.- Ge ouimakgitd mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd A partfr mge aiáefsfs rgaefzamd rgspghtd mg aenuias mg eas mfvgrsas mdhtrfias sg pugmg ouimakgitar ouimakg itar qug søed gi ea fmga mg hdkuifmam hdkuifmam lurëmfha mg Gstamds pugmg gihditr gihditrarsg arsg ea gsgihfa y ea prdpfa iaturaegza mge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae. Xfi gkjarnd, sg trata mg uia hdkuifmam gstajeghfma pdr ea razøi kfska mg eas hfrhuistaihfas, pdr ge prfihfpfd mg sdefmarfmam `ukaia, pdr igxds sdhfdeønfhds y pdr ea ighgsfmam `fstørfha y ea hd`gsføi hueturae.

:.8.1.- Ignamdrgs mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd Ge hdihgptd mg ignamdrgs gs kuy akpefd, pdr ed qug gitgimgrgkds pdr æstds, a eds qug mgof mg ofif iftf tfvak vakgit gitgg id ah ahgp gpta taii ea gx gxfs fstg tgih ihfa fa mg mgee mg mgrgh rgh`d `d fi fitg tgria riahf hfdia diaee pd pdrqu rqugg gstái gstái hdivgihfmds hdivgih fmds qug eas rgeahfdig rgeahfdigss fitgri fitgriahfdiae ahfdiaegs gs sg hdimuhgi hdimuhgi søed pdr ea ougrza, id pdr ge mgrgh`d.. Mgsmg ge puitd mg vfsta mg eds ignamdrgs, id pugmgi gxfstf mgrgh`d gxfstfrr rgneas mg hdimuhta djefnatdrfa, mg huaequfgr iaturaegza qug sgai. Xøed prgvaeghg ea ougrza, mfhgi, gi eas rgeahfdigs fitgriahfdiaegs, y asë, ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae sgrëa ui fistrukgitd mg uia  pdeëtfha mg ougrza, sfi vaedr idrkatfvd.

 

=6

:.8.:.- Drmgi lurëmfhd prfkftfvd Va qug ge mgrgh` mgrgh`dd fit fitgria griahfd hfdigs igs surng mg ea autdm autdmgogi gogisa sa para autdrfz autdrfzar ar a uia mg eas  partgs, a tdkar pdr su hugita ea sdeuhføi mge hdioefhtd hdi su fitgrvgihføi, hdkprgimg  pugs uia odrka prfkftfva mg sdeuhføi mg hdioefhtds qug sg ma mgsmg ea æpdha gitrg ea  jarjarfg y ea hfvfefzahføi, prgvaeghfgimd aüi gi ea sdeuhføi mg hdioefhtds gitrg eas iahf ia hfdi digs gs qu qufg fgig igss prd prdmu muhgi hgi su suss pr prdpf dpfas as idr idrka kass gi od odrk rkaa hd hdivg ivgih ihfd fdia iaee y gxtra gxtra egnfseatfva2 mg gsta odrka, sg oahueta a qufgi sg mfna egsfdiamd, para qug æe kfskd rgsugeva sf sg `a prdmuhfmd ui `gh`d feëhftd y, gi su hasd, rgahhfdiar gi mgogisa mg su mgrgh`d egsfdiamd, egsfdiamd, sfi qug gxfsta lurfsmfhhføi lurfsmfhhføi qug pugma rgsdevgr rgsdevgr ge hdioefhtd hdioefhtd mge `gh`d feëhftd.

 

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]GKA FFF. FI]GNZAHFØI MGE MGZGH@D FI]GZIAHFDIAE SÜJEFHD 8.1.- Ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd Gs ge drm drmgi giak akfg fgitd itd lu lurf rfmf mfhd hd qu qugg rg rgnue nueaa ge hd hdkp kpdr drta takf kfgit gitdd mg ed edss Gstam Gstamds ds y su sulg lgtd tdss fitgriahfdiaegs, gi sus hdkpgtgihfas y rgeahfdigs kutuas, sdjrg ea jasg mg hfgrtds vaedrgs para  prgsgrvar ea paz y hddpgrahføi fitgriahfdiaegs, pdr kgmfd mg idrkas iahfmas mg ougitgs fitgriahfdiaegs, ouinfgimd hdkd kdmgeamdr mge drmgi sdhfae. Sara ednrar su ofiaefmam y pdmgr  hditrfjufr ae prdnrgsd kdrae y katgrfae mg eds sulgtds, gs gsgihfae qug ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae  püjefhd amghug sus rgneas a ea rgaefmam sdhfae.

8.1.1.- Idrkas lurëmfhas fitgriahfdiaegs, tratamds y hdstukjrgs Eas ougitgs qug hdrrgspdimgi ae mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae pujefhd sg gihugitrai gi ge artfhued 80 mge gstatutd mg ea hdrtg fitgriahfdiae mg lustfhfa, sfgimd djefnatdrfd para tdmds eds gstamds kfgkjrds mg ea drnaifzahføi kuimfae mg eas iahfdigs uifmas, mg mdimg mgstahai eas idrkas lurëmfhas fitgriahfdiaegs, tratamds y hdstukjrgs. Eds tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs sdi ahugrmds mg vdeuitamgs gitrg mds d kas sulgtds hdi ge  prdpøsftd mg hrgar hr gar d trais traisogrfr ogrfr mgrgh`ds u djefnahfdigs mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd. Amgkas takjfæi sg egs hdidhg hdkd ahugrmds, hdivgihfdigs, prdtdhdeds. ]dmds eds tratamds sdi fnuaekgitg djefnatdrfds, pgrd pugmgi mfogrfr gi huaitd ae djlgtd qug gi geeas sg rgnuea. Ea hdstukjrg gi hakjfd, pugmg sgr mgofifma hdkd ui rghdidhfkfgitd ngigrae mg eds sulgtds fitgrihfdiaegs a hfgrtas prahtfhas, qug eds gstamds hdisfmgrai hdkd djefnatdrfa. Ea hdstukjrg fitgriahfdiae hdistftuyg uia ougitg lurëmfha id gshrfta qug hugita hdi ui gegkgitd djlgtfvd qug rgqufgrg uia hdimuhta mg eds gstamds qug `aya tgifmd hfgrta murahføi, uifmam y mfousføi, gs mghfr, qug ea kaydr partg mg eds gstamds sg hdkpdrtg mg hfgrta odrka mgtgrkfiama.

8.1.:.- Srfihfpfd ngigrae mge mgrgh`d

 

71 Hdkprgimgi aqugeeds prfihfpfds ætfhds d pdeëtfhds ouimakgitaegs, qug fispfrai d qug odrkai partg mg eds sfstgkas lurëmfhds iahfdiaegs, y para sajgr sf ui prfihfpfd mg mgrgh`d  pugmg ouihfdiar hdkd tae, gs ighgsarfd qug sg fivgstfnug sf ge kfskd `a sgrvfmd hdkd ougitg mg fispfrahføi mg ui iukgrd hdisfmgrajeg mg idrkas mg eds sfstgkas lurëmfhds iahf iahfdi diae aegs gs.. Gi Gitr trgg ae aenu nuid idss mg ed edss pr prfi fihf hfpf pfds ds ng ngig igra raeg egss sg `a `aii rg rghd hdid idhf hfmd md a ea rgspdisajfefm rgspdisa jfefmam am fitgriahfdia fitgriahfdiae,e, ea fimgkifzahføi, fimgkifzahføi, ge girfqughfkf girfqughfkfgitd gitd sfi hausa, ea jugia oæ, gitrg dtrds.

8.1.8.- Fistftuhfdigs Lurëmfhas, Mdhtrfia, Lurfsprumgihfa Xg eg hdidhg hdkd mdhtrfia lurëmfha a ed qug pfgisai eds mfstfitds lurfstas rgspghtd mg eds mfstfitds tgkas mge mgrgh`d, rgspghtd a eas mfstfitas idrkas. Xg pugmg mgofifr hdkd ge hdiluitd hdilui td mg dpfif dpfifdigs digs qug sfrvgi mg nuëa para glgrhgr ge mgrgh`d qug a pgsar mg harghgr  mg ougrza djefnatdrfa, sf mgsgkpgña ui papge ouimakgitae gi ea geajdrahføi, mgsarrdeed  prdnrgsfvd y ea rgodrka mge mgrgh`d, a travæs mg ea odrkahføi mg eds lurfstas qug sgrái outurds egnfseamdrgs y lughgs. Kuh`as rgodrkas egnfseatfvas sg mgjgi a ea mdhtrfia, ya qug geea glgrhg hdkd ougrza ngigramdra mg lufhfds lurëmfhds, fihfmg gi ea hdihfgihfa mg eds egnfseamdrgs para qug gitfgimai eas ighgsfmamgs mg rgodrkas d ea geajdrahføi mg uia mgtgrkfiama egy. Ea mdhtrfia mdhtrfia fitgr fitgriahfdi iahfdiae ae nuarma ui vfihued vfihued ouimakgitae ouimakgitae hdi ea lurfsprumgihfa, lurfsprumgihfa, pugs gs takjfæi ui kgmfd auxfefar, sg mfhg pugs, qug ea lurfsprumgihfa id gs uia egy, sfid ea fitgrpr fitgrprgta gtahfø hføii mg gee geea. a. Gi kat katgrf grfaa fitgria fitgriahfd hfdiae iae,, ea lurfsp lurfsprumg rumgihf ihfaa ea hrga ea Hdrtg Hdrtg Fitgriahfdiae Fitgria hfdiae mg Lustf Lustfhfa. hfa. Ea lurfsprumgihf lurfsprumgihfaa ae sgr apefhama apefhama sdjrg eds hasds va odrkaimd ui hugrpd mg sdeuhfdigs qug amqufgrg hfgrtd haráhtgr djefnatdrfd y vfihueaitg, ae hrgar   prghgmgitgs.

 

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]GKA F_. OWGI]GX V DJEFNAHFDIGX MGE MGZGH@D FI]GZIAHFDIAE SÜJEFHD =.1.- Ougitgs mge mgrgh`d y ougitgs mg djefnahfdigs Xg eg hdidhg hdkd ougitg mge mgrgh`d a tdmd ed qug hditrfjuy hditrfjuygg d `a hditrfjufmd hditrfjufmd a hrgar  ge hdiluitd mg rgneas lurëmfhas apefhajegs `dy pdr eas pgrsdias. Mgsmg ge fifhfd mg eds tfgkpds, ea rgnea ngigrae eas prfihfpaegs ougitgs mge Mgrgh`d, ougrdi ea rgefnføi y eas hdstukjrgs. Sgrd ahtuaegkgitg, rgofrfæimdids a eds paësgs hdi mgrgh`d gshrftd, eas ougi ougitg tgss mge mge mg mgrg rgh` h`dd sd sdii gi gihd hdit itra rama mass mg mgit itrd rd mg ed edss tr trat atam amds ds fi fitg tgri riah ahfd fdia iaeg egs, s, hdistftuhfdigs, egygs y mgkás rgneakgitds. Eas ougitgs mge mgrgh`d pugmgi sgr heaofhamas gi 8 tfpds< 

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Ougitgs rgaegs< hdkprgimgi Ougitgs hdkprgimgi eas sftua sftuahfdigs hfdigs sdhfdeønfhas sdhfdeønfhas,, pdeëtfhas, pdeëtfhas, ghdiøkfhas, ghdiøkfhas, rgefnfdsas gth., qug sg mgjgi mg aiaefzar para ea hrgahføi y mgsarrdeed mg iugvas idrkas lurëmfhas para su rgnueahføi. Ougitgss `fstd Ougitg `fstdrfhas< rfhas< Xdi eds tgxtds lurëmfhds qug tuvfg tuvfgrdi rdi vfngihfa gi ge pasamd y qug hditrfjuygrdi a ea hrgahføi mg eas idrkas lurëmfhas vfngitgs. Ougitgs odrkaegs< Xdi eds ahtds qug hdiheuygi ea hrgahføi mg iugvas idrkas. Gs mghfr, ea odrka gi ea qug sg hrgai hdkd ed gs gi katgrfa mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae, eds tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs, ea hdstukjrg, eds prfihfpfds ngigraegs mge mgrgh`d,  lurfsprumgihfa, mdhtrfia gi katgrfa fitgriahfdiae.

=.:.- Ougitgs mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd Eas trgs heasfofhahfdigs heasfofhahfdigs aitgrf aitgrfdrgs drgs sdi ougitgs mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae fitgriahfdiae püjefhd, pgrd sf mgtaee mgt aeeakd akdss eas ougi ougitgs tgs odrk odrkaeg aegss para para ge hasd hasd gspghëo gspghëofhd fhd mge mgrgh`d mgrgh`d fit fitgria griahfd hfdiae iae  püjefhd, sdi eds tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs, hdstukjrgs fitgriahfdiaegs y prfihfpfds ngigraegs mge mgrgh`d, qug a su vgz mfh`as Ougitgs sg auxfefai mg ea lurfsprumgihfa y mdhtrfia fitgriahfdiae. =.8.- Djefnahfdigs mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd

 

78 Xg eg hdidhg hdkd ougitgs mg eas djefnahfdigs, a eds kghaifskds d kdmaefmamgs kgmfaitg eds huaegs sg hrga ge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae Süjefhd y qug hdkprgimg eds hditgifmds gi ea hdivgihføi sdjrg mgrgh`ds y mgjgrgs mg eds Gstamds, hdiogrgihfa fitgriahfdiae Akgrfhaiak Kditgvfmgd, eds prfihfpfds mg ea fnuaemam sdjgraia y lurëmfha,  prfihfpfd mg id fitgrvgihføi, sulgtarsg a idrkas fitgriahfdiaegs, ea hapahfmam mg gstajeghgr tratamds d hdivgifds hdi dtrds gstamds y drnaifskds fitgriahfdiaegs, ea  lurfmfshhfdi mg eds gstamds efkftgs mge tgrrftdrfd iahfdiae y ge fitgræs prfkdrmfae mg ea paz.

=.=.- Heasfofhahføi mg eas ougitgs y ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae püjefhd Srfkarfas, mfrghtas d autøidkas, eas huaegs hdistftuygi aqugeeds oahtdrgs mg tfpd sdhfae, pdeëtfhd d ghdiøkfhd qug gstái aptds para hrgar d odrkar idrkas lurëmfhas fitgriahfdiaegs pdr sf kfskas apefhajeg a eas rgeahfdigs mg eds gstamds mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae, taegs hdkd eds tratamds y hdstukjrgs fitgriahfdiaegs. Eas Eas ou ougit gitgs gs sgh sghui uima marf rfas, as, ta takj kjfæ fæii ee eeak akam amas as fi fimf mfrg rght htas as d `g `gtg tgrøi røidk dkas as,, sdi aqugeeas qug fioeuygi gi ea apefhahføi y hrgahføi mg eas idrkas lurëmfhas, pgrd id sdi aptas mg hrgareas pdr sf sdeas, gs mghfr, fioeuyg mg kaigra gspghfae ge  prdhgmfkfgitd kgmfaitg ge huae uia idrka gs gstajeghfma. 

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]GKA _. ]ZA]AMDX FI]GZIAHFDIAEGX V EA HDI_GIHFØI MG _FGIA MG 16?6 XDJZG MGZGH@D MG EDX ]ZA]AMDX 7.1.- Mgofifhføi mg tratamd fitgriahfdiae gi ngigrae ]ratamd fitgriahfdiae gs ui tærkfid para mgsfniar a eds ahugrmds lurëmfhds gitrg mfogrgitgs Gstamds d ui drnaifskd fitgriahfdiae. Gstds ahugrmds gstajeghgi hdkprdkfsds mg partg qug oahfeftai eas rgeahfdigs jfeatgraegs gitrg iahfdigs, sga a ifvge ghdiøkfhd, pdeëtfhd, hueturae d hfgitëofhd, gth. Eds tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs sg rfngi pdr eas idrkatfvas lurëmfhas mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae.  Idrkaekgitg sg `ahgi pdr gshrftd. 7.:.- ]grkfidednëa gspghfae mg ea hdivgihføi mg 16?6 Hdkd ya sg `a kgihfdiamd, ui tratamd fitgriahfdiae, gs ui ahugrmd fitgriahfdiae hgegjramd pdr gshrftd gitrg Gstamds y rgnfmd pdr ge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdiae. Xgnüi sg gstajeghg gi ge Art. : prfkgr párraod mg ea Hdivgihføi mg _fgia, gxfstg ea pdsfjfefmam mg utfefzar mfvgrsds idkjrgs para mgsfniar a eds tratamds, sfi qug gstd sga aend rgegvaitg d qug fioeuya gi ge kfskd mgsmg ge puitd mg vfsta lurëmfh lurëmfhd, d, pugs ea kfska Hdivgihføi Hdivgihføi mg _fgia sgñaea ―huaequfgra qug sga su mgidkfiahføi.‛ Gsta kuetfpefhfmam mg idkjrgs sg mgjg eds tratamds së harahtgrëstfhas kuy mfvgrsas sgnüiaeaqug katgrfa a ea qugfitgriahfdiaegs sg rgofgrgi, easprgsgitai partgs quggitrg fitgrvfgigi para su hgegjrahføi, ea odrkaefmam d sdegkifmam hdi qug sg hdiheuygi, gitrg dtrds oahtdrgs.

7.8.- Srfihfpfds qug rgnueai a eds tratamds @ay uia sgrfg mg prfihfpfds ngigraegs ouimakgitaegs, qug rfngi ge mgrgh`d mg eds tratamds, y mg eds qug pdmrëakds kgihfdiar eds sfnufgitgs< Srfihfpfd Srfihf pfd ―pahta Xuit Xgrvaima‛, gstg prfihfpfd gstajeghg qug eds tratamds mgjgi sgr hukpefmds y gs ge prfihfpfd kas fkpdrtaitg mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae2 gs hditgkpeamd gi ea hdivgihføi mg _fgia mg 16?6 sdjrg mgrgh`d mg eds tratamds ―tdmd tratamd gi vfndr djefna a eas partgs y mgjg sgr hukpefmd pdr geeds mg jugia 

og‛, ed gihditrakds hdisanramd gi ge prgákjued mg ea harta mg eas iahfdigs uifmas.

 

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 prfihfpfd ―pahta suit sgrvaima‛, hdiodrka ea jasg egnae qug mgtgrkfia qug eds hditratds fitgriahfdiaegs sgai djefnatdrfds para eas partgs, sg mfhg qug gs mg ha hará ráht htgr gr hd hdgr grhf hftf tfvd vd qu qugg as asgn gnur uraa ge hu hukp kpef efkf kfgi gitd td mg ed edss hd hdkp kprd rdkf kfsd sdss fitgriahfdiaegs, pugs ae ofrkarsg ui tratamd eas partgs amqufgrgi mgrgh`ds y djefnahfdigs pgroghtakgitg mgofifmas, eas huaegs mgjgi sgr hukpefmas. Xdeakgitg sg ahgptai hdkd gxhgphfdigs ae prfihfpfd pahta suit sgrvaima ea fkpdsfjfefmam oësha, ea fkpdsfjfefmam kdrae (huaimd su glghuhføi pugmg pdigr gi pgefnrd ea gxfstgihfa kfska mge gstamd) y ea hdidhfma hdkd heáusuea ―Zgjus sfh staitfjus‛, huaim hua imdd mgt mgtgrk grkfi fiam amas as hf hfrhu rhuist istai aihf hfas as `f `fst stør ørfh fhas as d pd pdeë eëtf tfha hass pr prdmu dmuzh zhai ai uia aetgrahføi sustaihfae qug mæ eunar a ea kdmfofhahføi mg aqugeeas gstfpueahfdigs (hasds gxtradrmfiarfds).

7.=.- Gegkgitds mg gxfstgihfa Sdr ed qug rgspghta a eds gegkgitds mg gxfstgihfa, gi ge godqug mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae sdi apefhamds eds sfnufgitgs< 

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Gs ge ahugrmd mg mds d kás vdeuitamgs sdjrg ea prdmuhhføi mg goghtds mg mgrgh`d y gs ighgsarfd qug gsta sg gxtgrfdrfhg, pdmrá kaifogstarsg kgmfaitg ea ofrka, ge hailg mg fistrukgitds qug hdistftuyai ui tratamd, ea ratfofhahføi, ea ahgptahføi, ea aprdjahføi d am`gsføi, d gi huaequfgr dtra odrka qug sg `ujfgra hdivgifmd. Xu djlgtd mfrghtd qug sdi hrgar d traiskftfr mgrgh`ds y djefnahfdigs gitrg eds Gstamds. Xu djlgtd fimfrghtd qug sg rgsukg a uia hdimuhta mg dtdrnar, `ahgr, d id `ahgr.

7.7.- Gegkgitds mg vaefmgz Ea vaefmgz mgpgimgrá mg ea hapahfmam mg eas partgs< hdisfstg gi gstar gi pdsfjfefmam mg  pdmgr hukpefr hdi eds djlgtfvds qug sg mgsgai igndhfar, ea jugia vdeuitam para `ahgred, ea ausgihfa mg grrdrgs, ea iuea gxfstgihfa mg mded, ea efhftum gi ge djlgtfvd y tgigr  gstajeghfma ea odrka pdr egy.

7.?.- Gegkgitds mg gofhahfa Gi ea ahtuaefmam, aui id sg hugita hdi fimfhamdrgs dofhfaegs mg gofhahfdi gi ea apefhahføi mg eds tra tratam tamds, ds, sfi gkj gkjarn arnd, d, pumf pumfgrai grai hdisfmg hdisfmgrars rarsgg hdkd hdkd tae taegs gs aenuia aenuiass varfaje varfajegs gs suhgptfjegs mg sgr kgmfmas para tae goghtd, aqugeeas rgeatfvas ae iukgrd mg asuitds  lumfhfaegs mdimg sg apefhai hdivgifds fitgriahfdiaegs, iukgrd mg fistftuhfdigs qug sdi  partfhfpgs, iukgrd mg rgodrkas egnfseatfvas qug fihdrpd fihdrpdrai rai fistrukgitds fitgriahfdiaegs, gitrg dtrds.

 

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7.>.- Iuefmamgs mg eds tratamds Ea iuefmam mg ui tratamd supdig qug sus mfspdsfhfdigs harghgi mg ougrza lurëmfha. Ge tratamd id gs váefmd y sg mgjgrái rgstajeghgr eas hdimfhfdigs qug gxfstëai aitgs mge kfskd, hdkd sf id `ujfgra gxfstfmd. Eas hausas mg iuefmam prgvfstas gi ea Hdivgihføi mg _fgia sg heasfofhai gi jasg a iuefmam rgeatfva (rgeatfvas a ea hdkpgtgihfa para hgegjrar tratamds), sg pdmrá fivdhar huaimd ea idrka fitgria vfdeama sga mg fkpdrtaihfa ouimakgitae, sf pdr grrdr dpgra mg ea kfska odrka qug gi mgrgh`d fitgrid, huaimd gxfsta mded, oraumg d hdrruphføi mge rgprgsgitaitg mge gstamd. Gxfstg takjfæi ea heaofsfhahfdi mg iuefmam ajsdeuta, gsta sg prgsgita huaimd ge hdioefhtd gs fisujsaiajeg, fisujsaiajeg, gxfstg hdahhføi sdjrg ge rgprgsgitait rgprgsgitaitgg mg ui gstamd, hdahhføi sdjrg ui gstamd pdr akgiaza d ge usd mg ea ougrza, sg vfdea uia idrka fkpgratfva mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae ngigrae. 7.0.- Srdhgmfkfgitds mg eas iuefmamgs Ge prdhgmfkfgitd mg aiueahføi d suspgisføi mg ui tratamd, sgnüi ea hdivgihføi mg _fgia dhurrg huaimd ui gstamd partg mg ui tratamd hdisfmgra qug gi mfh`d tratamd hdihurrg gi uia hausa mg iuefmam, mdimg ge gstamd qug gitfgimg qug hdihurrg aenuia hausa mg iuefmam, mgjgrá idtfofhared ae rgstd mg eas partgs. Xf ge rgstd mg partgs id djlgta, sg djra gi hdisghugihfa, pgrd sf djlgtai aend gi ge peazd mg 8 kgsgs gitdihgs sg ajrg ui  prdhgmfkfgitd para qug eas partgs djlgtgi d id, sf id `ay djlghføi a ea prgtgisføi eas partgs mgjgrái jushar uia sdeuhføi pdr aenuid mg eds kgmfds mg hdeusføi pahëofha mg hditrdvgrsfas mge art. 88 Harta DIW. 7.6.- Goghtds mg eds tratamds Eds gog goghtd htdss lurëmf lurëmfhds hds fitgri fitgriahf ahfdiae diaegs gs rgspght rgspghtdd ae Gstamd Gstamd qug ed rgaefza rgaefza hditft hditftuygi uygi  prfihfpaekgitg eds ahtds uifeatgraegs djefnai ae Gstamd qug eds rgaefza mg kdmd qug eds tgrhgrds tgrhgr ds gstamds pdmrái rghe rgheakareg akareg qug ed hukpea. hukpea. Sgrd ui ahtd uife uifeatgrae atgrae id pugmg djefnar a ui tgrhgr gstamd, pdrqug eds gstamds sdi sdjgraids y ui gstamd id  pugmg vfihuear uifeatgraekgitg a dtrd, sded pdmrá vfihuear a ui tgrhgr gstamd sf s f gstg ed hdisfgitg, para ed huae sg gxfng ge hdisgitfkfgitd mge tgrhgr gstamd. Gstg hdisgitfkfgitd  pugmg gxprgsarsg mg kaigra gxprgsa d táhtfha kgmfaitg ahtds hdiheuygitgs hdi tu kaifogstahføi d paeajra d ahtds sg pdig ui æioasfs a ahgptar ed qug dtrds gstamds `ai kgihfdiamd. Gitrg dtrds goghtds mg eds tratamds tratamds tgigkds ge drmgi mg glghuhføi mg ahhfdigs jasamd gi eds ahtds idrkatfvds, glghuhføi mg ahtds lurfsmfhhfdiaegs, glghuhføi mg ahtds pdr ui ørnaid.

7.13.- ]grkfiahføi mg eds tratamds

 

7> supdig ea gxtfihføi mge tratamd. Fkpefha qug ui tratamd pgroghtakgitg váefmd mglg mg  prdmuhfr goghtd y gxfkgi a eas partgs mg sgnufr hdi su hukpefkfgitd. Eas hausas mg tgrkfiahføi mg eds tratamds gstái gi eds artëhueds 7= a ?= hdmfnd mg _fgia< •Ea vdeuitam mg tdmas eas partgs, sgnüi hdistg gi ge tratamd d gi huaequfgr kdkgitd  pdstgrfdr. • Mgiuihfa d rgtframa mge tratamd qug supdigi mgsvfihuearsg uifeatgraekgitg mge tratamd< sf hdista qug gsa oug ea fitgihføi mg eas partgs d sf sg mgmuhg mge tratamd y prgvfa idtfofhahføi a 1: kgsgs. • Ea hgegjrahføi mg ui tratamd pdstgrfdr gitrg eas kfskas partgs y huyd hditgifmd sga tdtaekgitg fihdkpatfjeg hdi ge tratamd drfnfiae. dr fnfiae. • Ea vfdea vfdeahføi hføi nravg mge trata tratamd md qug aoghtg a uia mfspdsf mfspdsfhføi hføi gsgihfa gsgihfae.e. Xg gxfng ea uiaifkfmam mg eas partgs. • Ea fkpdsfjfefmam suofhfgitg mg hukpefkfgitd. • Hakjfd ouihakgitae mg eas hfrhuitaihfas. • Dpdsfhføi a uia idrka fkpgratfva sdjrgvgifma.

  7.11.- Fitgrprgtahføi mg eds tratamds Ea hdivgihføi mg _fgia sdjrg ge Mgrgh`d mg eds ]ratamds mg 16?6 gstajeghg gi su artë artëhu hued ed 81 81,, ea rgn rgnea ea ngigr ngigrae ae mg fi fitg tgrpr rprgt gtah ahfø føii mg ed edss tr trat atam amds< ds< ui tr trat atam amdd mg mgjgr jgráá fitgrprgtarsg mg jugia og hdiodrkg ae sgitfmd hdrrfgitg qug `aya mg atrfjufrsg a eds tærkfids mge tratamd gi ge hditgxtd mg gstds y tgifgimd gi hugita su djlgtfvd y ofi. Gsta hdiv divgihf hføøi ahgpt ptaa qug sg pugmg ahumfr a kgmf mfdds mg fitgrprg rgttahf hføi øi hdkpegkgitarfds, gi partfhuear a eds trajalds prgparatdrfds y a eas hfrhuistaihfas mg su hgegjrahføi para hdiofrkar ge sgitfmd, huaimd ea fitgrprgtahføi mama mg ahugrmd hdi ea rgne rgneaa ngig ngigra rae, e, mg mgllg akjf akjfnu nudd ge sgit sgitffmd md,, d hu huai aimd md hd hdim imuz uzha ha a ui rg rgsu sueetam amdd kaifofgstakgitg frrazdiajeg. Ea hdivgihføi mg _fgia mg 16?6 sg jasa gi ea tgsfs mg qug `a mg prgsukfrsg qug ge tgxtd gs ea kaifogstahføi autgitfha mg ea fitgihføi mg eas partgs, ysgitfmd qug, pdr ge puitd mg partfma mg ea fitgrprgtahføi gsta geuhfmar mg ge mge hdisfnufgitg, tgxtd. Gi Mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae ea sukfsføi mge fitærprgtg a eagigxprgsføi ea vdeuitam mg eas partgs, djefna a mgofifr hearakgitg, mdimg y hdkd sg gihugitra gxprgsama gsta vdeuitam.

7.1:.- Zgsgrvas y goghtds mg eas rgsgrvas Xg gitfgimg pdr rgsgrva uia mghearahføi `gh`a pdr ui Gstamd d pdr uia drnaifzahføi fitgriahfdiae ae ofrkar ui tratamd hdi djlgtd mg gxheufr d kdmfofhar eds goghtds lurëmfhds mg hfgrtas mfspdsfhfdigs mge tratamd gi su apefhahføi a gsg Gstamd. Wi Gstamd pdmrá odrkuear uia rgsgrva sfgkprg y huaimd ea rgsgrva id gstg prd`fjfma pdr  ge tratamd, qug ge tratamd mfspdina ea rgsgrva mg qug sg tratg y qug ea rgsgrva id sga fihdkpatfjeg hdi ge djlgtd y ge ofi mge tratamd.

 

70 Eas rgsgrvas id kdmfofhai eas mfspdsfhfdigs mge tratamd gi ed qug rgspghta a eas dtras  partgs gi ge tratamd gi sus rgeahfdigs.

7.18.- Gikfgimas y rgvfsføi Xg mgidkfia gikfgima a uia prdpugsta mg kdmfofhahføi mg aenüi mdhukgitd dofhfae, gspghfaekgitg gi eds artëhueds y tgxtds mg egygs2 takjfæi sg mgidkfiai gikfgimas a hfgrtas rgodrkas hdistftuhfdiaegs d kdmfofhahfdigs a eds tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs. Eas gikfgimas pugmgi sgr d id aprdjamas, para ed huae mgjgrái sgr trakftamas a travæs mg ui prdhgmfkfgitd sfkfear ae mg ea idrka qug prgtgimgi gikgimar, d jfgi gi ge karhd mge prdhgmfkfgitd mg aprdjahføi mg ea idrka, mfh`d prdhgmfkfgitd sgrá gspghëofhd gi ouihføi mge paës y mg ea idrka. 7.1=.- Zgnfstrd y pujefhahføi Zgogrgitg ae rgnfstrd y pujefhahføi mg eds tratamds, æstds, mgspuæs mg su gitrama gi vfndr, sg traiskftfrái a ea sghrgtarfa mg eas Iahfdigs Wifmas para su rgnfstrd d arh`fvd g fishrfphføi, sgnüi ge hasd, y para su pujefhahføi.

 

76

]GKA _F. SGZXDIAX MGE MGZGH@D FI]GZIAHFDIAE SÜJEFHD ?.1.- Hdihgptd mg pgrsdias Sgrsdia gs aquge sgr d gitg hdi vdeuitam qug tfgig mgrgh`ds y mgjgrgs. Gtfkdeønfhakgitg, ge vdhajed vdha jed pgrs pgrsdia dia prdv prdvfgi fgigg mg eas vdhgs vdhgs eat eatfia fiass pgr sdiarg sdiarg qug sfn sfnifo ifofha fhaii sdiar sdiar kuh`d kuh`d d rgsdiar2 pdr gsa razøi, gi ea Zdka aitfnua, hdi ea paeajra "pgrsdia" sg `ahëa rgogrgihfa a ea káshara d hargta hdi ea qug ge ahtdr hujrëa su rdstrd gi ge gshgiarfd a goghtd mg mar rgsdiaihfa. Ge tgrk tgrkfi fidd oug oug am amdp dpta tamd md pdr ea tg tgrk rkfi fide dednë dnëaa lu lurë rëmf mfha ha pa para ra ae aeumf umfrr ae sulgt sulgtdd mdtam mdtamdd mg rgprgsgitahføi prdpfa gi ge mgrgh`d y para rgogrfrsg a ea ouihføi d papge qug mgsarrdeeaja hama fimfvfmud gi ea sdhfgmam.   ?.8.- Heasfofhahfdigs mg eas pgrsdias lurëmfhas fitgriahfdiaegs Xg mfvfmgi gi pgrsdias mg Mgrgh`d Süjefhd y Mgrgh`d Srfvamd. Xdi pgrsdias mg Mgrgh`d pujefhd pujefhd ge Gstamd y ea Iahføi. Eas pgrsdias lurëmfhas lurëmfhas mg Mgrgh`d Srfvamd, sdi eas pgrsdias lurëmfhas sfi ofigs mg euhrd y hdi ofigs mg euhrd.

?.=.- Iahfkfgitd mg eas pgrsdias lurëmfhas fitgriahfdiaegs Eds sulgtds sdi eas gitfmamgs hdi mgrgh`ds y djefnahfdigs fkpugstas pdr ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae, eds Gstamds sdi eds sulgtds pegids mge drmgiakfgitd fitgriahfdiae, sfi qug  pugmai gxfstfr dtrds d trds sulgtds qug id sgai Gstamds. Eds prdpfds Gstamds para ge ndjfgrid y kaigld mg sus rgeahfdigs sg vgi djefnamds a ea hrgahføi mg sulgtds fitgriahfdiaegs. Eds Gstamds hdkd sulgtds hrgamdrgs mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae tfgigi ea prgrrdnatfva mg mar gxfstgihfa a iugvas pgrsdias fitgriahfdiaegs y ea ouihføi prfvatfva mg eds Gstamds qug gs ea mg geajdrar eas idrkas mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae gs hdkpartfma y mgegnama a gstds gst ds iugvd iugvdss su sulg lgtd tds, s, hdkd hdkd pdr gl glgk gkpe ped, d, ea eass drnai drnaifz fzah ahfd fdigs igs fi fitg tgria riahf hfdi diae aegs gs.. Ge

 

?3  Iahfkfgitd, sg ma huaimd dhurrg ea hdgxfstgihfa mg sus trgs gegkgitds hdistftutfvds< tgrrftdrfd, pdjeahføi y ndjfgrid.

?.=.1.- Hapahfmam Eds gstamds tfgigi ea hapahfmam mg gitrar gi rgeahføi hdi dtrds gstamds aitg asuitds mfogr mf ogrgit gitgs gs mg mgee mgr mgrgh gh`d, `d, hd hdkd kd sdi ed edss ah ahdit ditgh ghfk fkfg fgit itds ds `f `fst stør ørfh fhds ds,, sdhfd sdhfdeø eønf nfhds hds d ghdiøkfhds. ?.=.:.- Sgrsdiaefmam Sgrsdiaefmam lurëmfha, gs ea hapahfmam mg glgrhgr hfgrtds mgrgh`ds y asukfr mgtgrkfiamas djefnahfdigs gi ge karhd mg sfstgkas lurëmfhds fitgriahfdiaegs. ?.=.:.1.- ]gdrëa sdjrg rghdidhfkfgitd mg gstamd Sara qug ui Gstamd pugma sgr rghdidhfmd, mgjgi mg gxfstfr trgs gegkgitds fkpdrtaitgs< ge tgrrftdrfd, pdmgr y ge pugjed. Ea egnftfkfmam mge pdmgr mge Gstamd id gs ui gegkgitd ighgsarfd para ge rghdidhfkfgitd mge kfskd. Ahtuaegkgitg sg mfshutg sf ea haefmam mg Gstamd mg uia drnaifzahføi sdhfd-pdeftfha mgpgimg mge rghdidhfkfgitd (tgdrëa hdistftutfva) d, qug sf ge goghtd mge rghdidhfkfgitd gs ea hdiofrkahføi mg uia sftuahføi qug mg `gh`d gxfstg, mg kaigra qug, ea haefmam gstatae gxfstëa aui aitgs mg kgmfar ge rgohdidhfgkfitd (tgdrëa mghearatfva).

?.=.:.:.- Ea autdmgtgrkfiahføi mg eds pugjeds Ge mgrgh`d a ea autdmgtgrkfiahføi mg eds pugjeds gs ui prfihfpfd jásfhd mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae, rghdidhfmd gi iukgrdsds tgxtds y rgsdeuhfdigs, qug `a pgrkftfmd ea hrgahføi mg iugvds Gstamds mgsmg ge ofiae mg ea FF Nugrra Kuimfae. Ge prfihfpfd qug ed hdisanra gs ge mgrgh`d qug tfgigi eds pugjeds y sdhfgmamgs `ukaias mg mgtgrkfiar su  prdpfd mgstfid pdr sf kfskds, a su efjrg y gitgrd aejgmrfd. Mgtgrkfiar su mgstfid fkpefha ea pdsfjfefmam mg mghfmfr su hdistftuhføi hdkd Gstamd, prdheakar su fimgpgimgihfa, asdhfarsg a dtrd Gstamd, mgtgrkfiar su drnaifzahføi pdeëtfha, hfvfe, sdhfae y ghdiøkfha, asf hdkd su idrkatfvfmam pgiae. ?.=.8.- Zgprgsgitahfdigs Ea autdidkëa, gitgimfma hdkd odrka mg kaifogstahføi fitgria mg ea autdmgtgrkfiahføi, sg pugmg mar a su vgz gi mfstfitds nramds, gstd gs, hdi kaydr d kgidr akpeftum mg autd autdnd ndjf jfgr grid id,, as asëë hd hdkd kd gi ge ka karh rhdd mg mf mfog ogrg rgit itgs gs gs gstr trat atgn gnfa fas. s. V ge geed ed va varf rfar aráá gidrkgkgitg gi ouihføi mg kuetftum mg oahtdrgs qug aoghtai a ea prdpfa rgaefmam mge  pugjed fimëngia mg qug sg tratg, su prgsgihfa iukærfha, su prgsgihfa sdhfae y pdeëtfha, gstd gs, su hapahfmam mg prgsføi, mg akgiaza, mg igndhfahføi hdi ge Gstamd. ?.=.8.1.- Ge ndjfgrid y su hdkpdsfhføi

 

?1 Gi ge hasd mge Ndjfgrid mge Kgxfhaid, ge kfskd gsta hdkpugstd pdr su tgrrftdrfd,  pdjeahføi y ndjfgrid hdi sus prdpfas prdp fas egygs. Ea pdjeahføi ea odrkai tdmds eds `ajftaitgs qug dhupai su tgrrftdrfd, ge ndjfgrid sdi eds ouihfdiarfds gegnfmds pdr ea pdjeahføi para `ahgr vaegr eas egygs, asf hdkd kaitgigr ge drmgi y mgogimgr ae paës mg ataqugs gxtgrfdrgs. Eas egygs qug rfngi a Kæxfhd sg gihugit gih ugitrai rai gi ea hdistft hdistftuhf uhføi øi pdeët pdeëtfha fha mg eds Gst Gstamd amdss Wifmds Wifmds Kgxfha Kgxfhaids, ids, takjfæ takjfæii eeakama harta kania y geajdrama gi 161>, mdimg sg sgñaea ea kaigra gi `ajrá mg drnaifzarsg ea iahføi. Hajg ahearar qug id tdmds eds ndjfgrids sdi fnuaegs, ge gstamd pugmg amdptar mfstfitas odrkas mg ndjfgrid, mgpgimfgimd mg eds fitgrgsgs prdpfas mg hama iahføi. @ay mds odrkas prfihfpaegs mg ndjfgrid, eas huaegs sdi ea kdiarqufa y ea rgpujefha. Ea kaydr   partg mg eds paësgs p aësgs ahtuaegs ouihfdiai hdi ge kdmged mg rgpujefha asf hdkd gi ge hasd mg Kgxfhd, mdimg gxfstgi 8 pdmgrgs para ea apefhahføi mg egygs< ge egnfseatfvd para `ahgreas, ge glghutfvd para apefhareas y ge lumfhfae para fkpartfr lustfhfa.

?.=.8.:.- ]gdrëa sdjrg ge rghdidhfkfgitd mg ndjfgrids Xg gitfgimg pdr rghdidhëkfgitd ae ahtd pdr ge huae ui gstamd, d nrupd mg gstamds, amkftg hdkd egnëtfka uia sftuahføi mg `gh`d ahgptaimd sus goghtds lurëmfhds. Ea tgdrëa mge rghdidhfkfgitd fkpfmg qug kuh`ds aspghtds mg eas rgeahfdigs gitrg gstamds qugmgi ougra mg tdma rgnueahføi lurëmfha, tdkaimd gi hugita sftuahfdigs hdkd ge iahfkfgitd mg iugvds gstamds, hakjfds mg ndjfgri ndjfgridd ae karngi mg eas prdpfas prdpfas idrkas hdistftuhfdia hdistftuhfdiaegs, egs, ea fis fisurrg urrghhf hhfdi, di, eas euh euh`as `as hfvfeg hfvfegs, s, ea pgrsdia pgrsdiaefm efmam am mg drnaifs drnaifskds kds rgnfdiae rgnfdiaegs, gs, eds ndjfgrids gi gxfefd, rghdidkfgitd mg iahføi, gth. Ea prf prfkg kgra ra tg tgdrë drëaa mg mgee rg rghdi hdidh dhfk fkfg fgitd itd mg ndjfg ndjfgrid rid,, ou ougg prdku prdkuen enama ama pd pdrr ]`dk ]`dkas as Lgoogrsdi, gitdihgs Xghrgtarfd mg Gstamd mg Gstamds Wifmds y mgheara qug< ―huaequfgr  iahføi pugmg ndjgriarsg gi ea odrka qug eg peazha, y hakjfar gsa odrka a su prdpfa vdeuitam2 y pugmg eegvar sus igndhfds hdi iahfdigs gxtrailgras‛. Ae pasd mg eds añds, mfh`a mfh `a tgd tgdrëa rëa suor suorfø fø mfo mfogrgi grgitgs tgs hdrdear hdrdearfds fds,, hdk hdkdd ge qug mfh mfh`ds `ds ndjfgrid ndjfgridss tgiëai tgiëai qug mgkdstrar qug grai ahgptamds pdr sus süjmftds y ge qug sg mgjëai hdkprdkgtgr a hukpefr  hdi hdi eds eds hd hdkp kprd rdkf kfsd sdss mg su suss pr prgm gmgh ghgs gsdr drgs gs22 pd pdrr ed hu huae ae gi ea pr prah ahtf tfha ha,, tg tgrk rkfi fiøø fkpdifgimd hdimfhfdigs para ge rghdidhfkfgitd. Sdstgrfdrkgitg eg sfnug ea tgdrëa mg Hareds ]djar d Mdhtrfia ]djar, kfska qug prgndia ge ―id rghdidhf rghdidhfkfgit kfgitdd mg eds ndjfgrids ndjfgrids mg `gh`d surnfmds mg eas rgvdeuhfdigs rgvdeuhfdigs hditra ea Hdistf Hdi stftuh tuhføi føi‛. ‛. Hdkd Hdkd gs gvf gvfmgit mgitg, g, gsta gsta gs ea prfkgr prfkgraa mdhtrf mdhtrfia ia qug gst gstaje ajeghg ghg ge id rghdidhfkfgitd a eds ndjfgrids mg oahtd surnfmds mg ndepgs mg gstamd d rgvdeuhfdigs. Ea kfska odrtaeghg ge prfihfpfd mg ea egnftfkfmam mgkdhrátfha, tdma vgz qug hdimfhfdia ge rghdi rghdidh dhfk fkfg fgit itdd mg ed edss nd ndjf jfgr grids ids su surnf rnfmds mds pd pdrr ui ah ahtd td mg ougrz ougrza, a, `asta `asta ta tait itdd ―e ―eaa rgprgsgi rgpr gsgitah tahføi føi mge pugjed efj efjrgk rgkgit gitgg geg geghta hta id `aya `aya drnaifz drnaifzamd amd ge paës paës gi odrka odrka hdistftuhfdiae‛.

 

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?.7.- Gxtfihføi mg eas pgrsdias lurëmfhas fitgriahfdiaegs Ea gxtfihføi mg eds Gstamds dhurrg hdi ea pærmfma mg uid mg sus gegkgitds hdistftutfvds<  pdjeahføi, tgrrftdrfd y ndjfgrid. Sgrmfma mg ea Sdjeahføi< Gstg sgrëa ui hasd `fpdtætfhd, auiqug pdsfjeg. Aparglarëa takjfæi ea pgrmfma mge Ndjfgrid. Ea `fstdrfa mfpedkátfha id rgnfstra ifinüi hasd mg ofi mg Gstamd pdr pærmfma mg su pdjeahføi. Sgrmfma mge ]grrftdrfd< Kuh`ds Gstamds `ai mglamd mg gxfstfr pdr pærmfma mge tgrrftdrfd. Gstds sdi eds hasds mg fihdrpdrahføi. ]akjfæi pugmg marsg ge hasd mg mgskgkjrahføi mg Gstamd, ge huae gs ui prdhgsd gi ge qug ui Gstamd mgla mg sgr  para mar eunar a dtrds. ]ae hdkd oug ou g ge hasd mg Austrfa-@uinrëa mgspuæs mmgg ea  prfkgra nugrra. 



?.?.- Goghtds mg ea suhgsføi mg ea pgrsdia lurëmfha fitgriahfdiae Ea Xuhg Xuhgsf sføi øi mg Gsta Gstamd mdss sg pr prgs gsgi gita ta pd pdrr ha haus usaa mg qu qugg ge Gs Gsta tamd md su suor oraa ae aenu nuia ia kdmfofhahføi kdmfof hahføi tgrrftdrf tgrrftdrfae ae mg hdiodrkfmam hdi ge Mgrgh`d Fitgriahfdia Fitgriahfdiae,e, gs mghfr, huaimd mg eëhfta ui pfgrmg tgrrftdrfd yeddtrd Ea ouihføi mg odrka ea Xuhgsføi mgGstamd Gstamds gs mgtgrkfiar qugGstamd suhgmgamqufgrg hdi edstgrrftdrfd. jfgigs, mgrgh`ds y djefnahfdigs qug aoghtai a ui iugvd Gstamd, d a uid qug amqufgrg d pfgrmg tgrrftdrfd. Ea Hdivgihføi mg _fgia mg 16>0 gi ge artëhued 11 gstajeghg qug uia Xuhgsføi mg Gsta Gstamd mdss id ao aoght ghtará ará mg pd pdrr së së.1.- Mgofifhføi mg rgprgsgitahføi fitgriahfdiae Ge tærkfid mgsfnia a huaequfgr tfpd mg rgprgsgitahføi dofhfae mg ui Gstamd ougra mg sus orditgras, sga mg haráhtgr pgrkaigitg d tgkpdrae, ea gxprgsføi kfsføi mfpedkátfha, sg rgofgrg a ea rgprgsgitahføi pgrkaigitg mg ui Gstamd aitg dtrd Gstamd d uia drnaifzahføi mg ëimdeg fitgriahfdiae. Ge tærkfid kfsføi mfpedkátfha, gs ge gkpegamd pdr ge Hdivgifd mg _fgia mg 10 mg ajrf ajrfee mg 16 16?1, ?1, sdj sdjrg rg rge rgeah ahfd fdig igss mf mfpe pedk dkát átfh fhas, as, para para mg mgsf sfnia niarr ea eass rgprg rgprgsgi sgita tahf hfdig digss  pgrkaigitgs mge Gstamd ahrgmftaitg aitg ge Gstamd rghgptdr. rghg ptdr. >.:.- Heasgs mg rgprgsgitahføi fitgriahfdiae Gxfstgi huatrd tfpds ouimakgitaegs mg kfsfdigs mfpedkátfhas, ea Gkjalama (káxfka hatgndrëa mg ea kfsføi mfpedkátfha), ea egnahføi (huyd lgog mg kfsføi gs ui kfifstrd rgsfmgitg), ea iuihfatura (kfsføi mfpedkátfha mg ea kfska hatgndrëa qug ea Gkjalama y gs ea rgprgsgitahføi mg ea Xaita Xgmg aitg eds Gstamds hdi eds qug tfgig rgeahfdigs mfpedkátfhas) y ea fitgriuihfatura (kfsføi mfpedkátfha mg ea Xaita Xgmg mg kgidr  hatgndrëa qug ea Iuihfatura, pugs sg pugmg gqufparar a ea Egnahføi. Ge lgog mg ea kfsføi sg mgidkfia fitgriuihfd). Xdi takjfæi kfsfdigs mfpedkátfhas eas mgegnahfdigs pgrkaigitgs mg ui Gstamd aitg uia drnaifzahføi fitgriahfdiae ae orgitg mg eas huaegs gstá ui gkjalamdr, rgprgsgitaitg d

 

?= mgegna mgeg namd md pg pgrk rkai aigit gitgg y ea eass kf kfsf sfdig digss qu qugg ed edss dr drnai naifs fskd kdss fi fitg tgria riahf hfdi diae aegs gs pugmg pugmgii gstajeghgr aitg eds Gstamds qug odrkai partg mg eas kfskas.

>.8.- Sgrsdiae mfpedkátfhd Xg eg mgidkfia asf ae nrupd mg pgrsdias mg ui Gstamd prgsgitg gi dtrd Gstamd, rgprgsgitaimd ae Gstamd ahrgmftaitg gi ge paës aioftrføi. Gi ea práhtfha, ge tærkfid sg utfefza ngigraekgitg para mgidkfiar ea kfsføi pgrkaigitg, gs mghfr, ea dofhfia mg eds rgprgsgitaitgs mfpedkátfhds mg ui paës gi ea hfumam hapftae mg dtrd. >.=.- Sgrsdiae hdisuear Ge Gstamd qug givëa pdmrá idkjrar efjrgkgitg a eds kfgkjrds mge pgrsdiae hdisuear  hdkuifhaimd ae Gstamd rghgptdr ge idkjrg hdkpegtd, ea heasg y ea hatgndrëa mg tdmds eds ouihfdiarfds hdisueargs qug id sgai lgogs mg dofhfia hdisuear, hdi ea aitfhfpahføi suofhfg suof hfgitg itg para qug ge Gst Gstamd amd rghg rghgptd ptdrr pugma pugma glg glgrhgr rhgr ge mgrgh`d mgrgh`d.. Eds ouihfdi ouihfdiarf arfds ds hdisueargs `ajrái mg tgigr ea iahfdiaefmam mge Gstamd qug givëa. >.7.- Kfsfdigs gspghfaegs Eas ouihfdigs mg uia kfsføi gspghfae sgrái mgtgrkfiamas pdr hdisgitfkfgitd kutud mge Gstamd qug givëa y ge gstamd rghgptdr. Ea kfsføi gspghfae gstará hdistftufma pdr uid d varfds rgprgsgitaitgs mge Gstamd qug givëa gitrg eds huaegs æstg pdmrá mgsfnia mgsfniarr ui lgog. Ea kfsføi pdmrá hdkprgimgr amgkás  pgrsdiae mfpedkátfhd, amkfifstratfvd y tæhifhd, asë hdkd pgrsdiae mg sgrvfhfd. Huaimd kfgkjrds mg uia kfsføi mfpedkátfha pgrkaigitg d mg uia dofhfia hdisuear gi ge Gstamd rghgp rghgptd tdrr sgai sgai fi fihe heuf ufmd mdss gi uia kf kfsf sføi øi gsp gspgh ghfa fae, e, hd hdisg isgrva rvará ráii sus prfvf prfvfeg egnf nfds ds g fikuifmamgs hdkd kfgkjrds mg ea kfsføi mfpedkátfha pgrkaigitg. >.?.- Sgrsdiae mg ea drnaifzahføi fitgriahfdiae Hdkp Hd kprg rgimg img ed edss an angi gitg tgss mg ea eass dr drnai naifz fzah ahfd fdig igss fi fitg tgria riahf hfdi diae aegs, gs, qug `ayai `ayai sf sfmd md giharnamds a ayumar gi eas ahtuahfdigs mg ea drnaifzahføi. Sumfgimd sgr ouihfdiarfds fitgriahfdiaegs qug prgstai sus sgrvfhfds mg kaigra pgrkaigitg, angitgs fitgriahfdiaegs qug glg glgrhg rhgii ouihfd ouihfdigs igs mg hará haráhtg htgrr tæhifh tæhifhd, d, hdeajd hdeajdramd ramdrgs rgs gxtgrf gxtgrfdrg drgs, s, asf hdkd hdkd eas  pgrsdias qug trajalai para eas drnaifzahfdigs gi haefmam mg gxpgrtds. >.>.- Gstatutd lurëmfhd mg eds lughgs mg ea hdrtg fitgriahfdiae Ea Hdrtg Fitgriahfdiae mg Lustfhfa, hdi sgmg gi Ea @aya (Saësgs Jalds), gs ge prfihfpae ørnaid lumfhfae mg eas Iahfdigs Wifmas. Ea Hdrtg rgsugevg hditrdvgrsfas lurëmfhas gitrg eds Gstamds partgs y gkftg dpfifdigs hdisuetfvas para eas Iahfdigs Wifmas y sus drnaifskds gspghfaefzamds. Sugmgi rghurrfr a ea Hdrtg tdmds eds Gstamds partgs, qug fiheuyg a tdmds eds Kfgkjrds mg eas eas Ia Iahf hfdi digs gs Wif Wifma mas, s, ed edss drnai drnaifs fskd kdss gs gspgh pghfa faef efza zamds mds pugmg pugmgii sd sdef efhf hfta tarr dpfif dpfifdi digs gs

 

?7 hdisu hdisuet etfv fvas as sdjrg sdjrg ea eass hu hugst gstfd fdigs igs lu lurë rëmf mfha hass qu qugg surla surlaii mg mgit itrd rd mg ea gsogra gsogra mg su suss ahtfvfmamgs.   >.0.- Zgprgsgitaitgs aitg ea drnaifzahføi fitgriahfdiae Kæxfhdd `a tgifmd ui papge rgegvaitg Kæxfh rgegvaitg gi ge ákjftd ákjftd fitgriahfdiae fitgriahfdiae.. Eas hdkfsfdigs uifmas mg Zge Zgeahf ahfdig digss Gxt Gxtgrf grfdrgs drgs y mg Zge Zgeahf ahfdigs digs Gxt Gxtgrf grfdrgs drgs Drnaifs Drnaifskds kds Fitgria Fitgriahfd hfdiae iaegs gs ratf ratfof ofhar hardi di ed edss idkjra idkjrakf kfgi gitd tdss qu qugg mg mgsf sfniø niø ge Gl Glgh ghut utfv fvdd Og Ogmg mgrae rae a oa oavdr vdr mg ed edss rgprgsgitaitgs pgrkaigitgs mg Kæxfhd aitg drnaifzahfdigs kuimfaegs, gitrg aenuids mg geeds mgstahai Karëa mge Xdhdrrd Oedrgs Efgra, prdpugsta para rgprgsgitar ae paës aitg eds drnaifskds fitgriahfdiaegs hdi sgmg gi Nfigjra, Xufza2 Ogmgrfhd Xaeas Edtog, idkjramd rgprgsgitaitg aitg ea Drnaifzahføi mg eas Iahfdigs Wifmas para ea Gmuhahføi, ea Hfgihfa y ea Huetura (WIGXHD), y Ldrng Edkøiahd ]dima, hdkd rgprgsgitaitg pgrkaigitg mg iugstrd paës aitg ea Drnaifzahføi mg eds Gstamds Akgrfhaids (DGA).

]GKA _FFF.  Ge ZÆNFKGI LWZËMFHD FI]GZIAHFDIAE MGE GXSAHFD 0.1.- Hdihgptd mg tgrrftdrfd Hdkprgimg ge Gspahfd sdjrg ge qug sg gihugitra fistaeama ea hdkuifmam iahfdiae. Gi ge gstamd kdmgrid ge tgrrftdrfd tfgig pdr harahtgrfstfhas qug ea hdeghtfvfmam iahfdiae sg fistaea gi æe mg kaigra kai gra pgrk pgrkaigi aigitg tg y vfgig vfgig gsp gspghf ghfaek aekgit gitgg mgtgrk mgtgrkfia fiamd md pdr eë eëkft kftgs gs orditgr orditgrfzd fzds, s, gi huyd fitgrfdr glgrhgi su ahtfvfmam ea pdjeahfdi y ge ndjfgrid. 0.:.Hdihgptd mg gspahfd Hdkprgimg ea pdrhføi ngdnraofha mge suged hdi tdmas sus gstruhturas, sujsugedsy gspahfd aærgd, gitgimfmd gi mfkgisføi mg supgrofhfg, aetura y prdouimfmam. 0.8.- Sartgs fitgnraitgs mge gspahfd Gi ge tgrrftdrfd mg ui paës, para eds goghtds mg ea apefhahføi mg egygs sg tdka gi hdisfmgrahføi eas partgs fitgnraitgs mg su gspahfd, eas huaegs hdkprgimgi< Ge suged hdkprgimfmd mgitrd mg eds eëkftgs pdeëtfhds mg ea Iahføi, fiheusfvg eds rëds y eands fitgrids, eas fseas y ge aitartfhd, gi hasd mg asf hdrrgspdpimgr. Mgitrd mge suged qugma takjfæi hdkprgimfmd tdmd ed qug gsta jald ge kfskd, gi tdma su  prdouimfmam. 



Ge gspahfd aærgd gxfstgitg sdjrg ge suged mge tgrrftdrfd iahfdiae.

 

?? 

   

Ge kar tgrrftdrfae, gitgimfæimdsg hdkd ea oraila mg kar gi eas hdstas `asta eegnar  a eas mdshfg mdshfgitas itas kfeeas karfia karfiass kgmfmas mgsmg ea eëiga mg ea kás jala karga, asf hdkd eds ndeods y ja`ëas. Eds rëds efkëtrdogs `asta ea eëiga mge hauhg kás prdouimd y kaydr hdrrfgitg. Eas gkjalamas gi ge gxtrailgrd. Eds jarhds mg kgrhaitgs nugrra gi mdimg quguifhakgirg sga su ujfhahføi. Eds jarhdsyyagrdiavgs agrdiavgs mg suqufgrg jaimgra huaimd gstái gi aeta kar.

 0.=.- Mgrgh`ds mge kar A kgmfamds mge sfned PP iahfø ui ëkpgtu pdr gxtgimgr eds mgrgh`ds iahfdiaegs sdjrg eds rghursds mge kar, mamd qug gxfstëa uia hrghfgitg prgdhupahføi pdr ge fkpahtd mg ea  pgsha mg aetura gi eds rghursds pgs pgsqugrds qugrds hdstgrds y pdr ea akgiaza mg ea hditakfiahføi y eds rgsfmuds idhfvds. Eds pgefnrds mg ea hditakfiahføi gstajai sfgkprg prgsgitgs y supdiëai uia akgiaza para eds rghursds hdstgrds y para tdmas eas odrkas mg vfma karfia. Eds iavëds mg eas pdtgihfas karëtfkas hdkpgtëai pdr kaitgigr su pdmgr gi eas anuas kuimfaegs g fiheusd mgjald mg gstas. Ea urngitg ighgsfmam mg ui rænfkgi lurëmfhd fitgriahfdiae goghtfvd sdjrg eds odimds karfids y dhgáifhds drfnfiø ea hrgahføi mge Hdkftæ mg Iahfdigs Wifmas sdjrg eds Odimds Karfids, asë hdkd mg ea ofrka mg ui tratamd qug prd`fjëa ea utfefzahføi mg arkas iuhegargs gi ge odimd karfid. Ea eajdr   pfdigra mg ea DIW para ea aprdjahføi mg ea Hdivgihføi mg eds Mgrgh`ds mge Kar mg 160: `a rgsugetd iukgrdsas hugstfdigs fkpdrtaitgs rgeahfdiamas hdi ge usd mge dhæaid y su sdjgraiëa, hdkd ea hrgahføi mg mgrgh`ds mg efjgrtam mg iavgnahføi2 ge gstajeghfkfgitd mg eds eëkftgs tgrrftdrfaegs mge kar a 1: kfeeas mg ea hdsta2 ge gstajeghfkfgitd mg zdias ghdiøkfhas gxheusfvas a :33 kfeeas mg ea hdsta2 ea hrgahføi mg idrkas para ea gxtgisføi mg eds mgrgh`ds gi ea peataodrka hditfigitae a 873 kfeeas mg ea hdsta2 ea hrgahføi mg uia Autdrfmam Fitgriahfdiae mg eds Odimds Karfids2 ea hrgahføi mg kghaifskds aetgriatfvds  para ea rgsdeuhføi mg hdioefhtds (pdr glgkped, ea Hdkfsføi mg Eëkftgs mg ea Seataodrka Hditfigitae). Ahtuaekgitg, ea Drnaifzahføi Karëtfka Fitgriahfdiae gs ea fistftuhføi mg eas Iahfdigs Wifmas gi ge mgsarrdeed mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae karëtfkd. Xu kfsføi prfihfpae gs hrgar  ui karhd rgnueamdr lustd y gofhaz mg ea fimustrfa iavfgra qug sga amdptamd y apefhamd mg odrka uifvgrsae, ge karhd lurëmfhd mg eas anuas fitgriahfdiaegs gs hdidhfmd hdkd ―hdistftuhføi mg eds dhæaids‛, gitraimd gi vfndr gi idvfgkjrg mg 166=. 0.7.- Mgrgh`d aærgd

 

?> Ge Mgrgh`d Agrdiáutfhd gs ge hdiluitd mg prfihfpfds y idrkas, mg mgrgh`d Süjefhd y Srfvam Srf vamd, d, mg drmg drmgii fit fitgri gridd g fit fitgria griahfd hfdiae, iae, qug rfn rfngi gi eas fistft fistftuhf uhfdigs digs y rge rgeahf ahfdig digss  lurëmfhas iahfmas mg ea ahtfvfmam agrdiáutfha d kdmfofhamas pdr p dr geea. Asë, pdmgkds mghfr qug ge mgrgh`d agrdiáutfhd gs ea gspghfaefmam gspghfaefmam lurëmfha lurëmfha qug sg giodha gi rgnuear, fistftuhfdiaefzar y rgsdevgr lustakgitg eds tgkas rgeahfdiamds hdi ge usd y aprdvgh`akfgitd mge gspahfd aærgd.   Sdr part partgg mg eds tra tratam tamds ds fitgri fitgriahf ahfdiae diaegs gs nuarmai nuarmai eds prfihf prfihfpfd pfdss sdjrg sdjrg ahtfvf ahtfvfmam mamgs gs rgeahfdiamas hdi ge gspahfd, mdhukgitds mdimg sg ajdrmai hugstfdigs hdkd< ea id aprdpfahføi mge gspahfd uetratgrrgstrg pdr ui paës2 ge hditrde mg arkas2 ea efjgrtam mg gxpedrahføi2 gxpedr ahføi2 ea rgspdis rgspdisajfef ajfefmam mam pdr mañds hausamds pdr djlgtds gspahfaegs2 ea sgnurfmam sgnurfmam y ge rgshatg mg iavgs gspahfaegs y astrdiautas2 ea prgvgihføi mg fitgrogrgihfa pgrlumfhfae hdi eas ahtfvfmamgs gspahfaegs y ge kgmfd akjfgitg2 ea idtfofhahføi y ge rgnfstrd mg eas ahtfvfmamgs gspahfaegs, asë hdkd ea fivgstfnahføi hfgitëofha y ea gxpedtahføi mg eds rghursds iaturaegs gi ge gspahfd uetratgrrgstrg y ea sdeuhføi mg hditrdvgrsfas.

0.?.- Mgrgh`d uetratgrrgstrg Ge ]ratamd sdjrg eds prfihfpfds qug mgjgi rgnfr eas ahtfvfmamgs mg eds Gstamds gi ea gxpedrahføi y utfefzahføi mge gspahfd uetratgrrgstrg, fiheusd ea Euia y dtrds hugrpds hgegstgs gitrø gi vfndr gi 16?>, uia vgz gxakfiamd pdr ea Hdkfsføi sdjrg ea Wtfefzahføi mge Gspahfd Wetratgrrgstrg hdi Ofigs Sahëofhds y ea Asakjega Ngigrae. Gi hdihrgtd, prd`ëjg ge gkpeazakfgitd mg arkas iuhegargs d mg huaequfgr tfpd mg arkas mg mgstruhhføi gi kasa gi ge gspahfd uetratgrrgstrg y ge gstahfdiakfgitd mg mfh`as arkas gi hugrpds hgegstgs. ]akjfæi gstajeghg eds prfihfpfds jásfhds rgeahfdiamds hdi ge usd  pahëofhd mge gspahfd uetratgrrgstrg. Gstd supdig qug ea gxpedrahføi y ge usd mge gspahfd uetratgrrgstrg mgjgi eegvarsg a hajd gi jgigofhfd g fitgræs mg tdmds eds paësgs y qug ea Euia Eu ia y dt dtrd rdss hug hugrp rpds ds hgeg hgegst stgs gs id pu pugmg gmgii sgr dj djlg lgtd td mg ap aprdp rdpfa fahf hføi øi iah iahfd fdiae iae d rgfvfimfhahføi mg sdjgraiëa.

0.>.- Gxhgphfdigs fitgriahfdiae

a

ea

lurfsmfhhføi

mg

ea

pgrsdia

lurëmfha

Eas drnaifzahfdigs fitgriahfdiaegs ndzai mg uia akpefa naka mg prfvfegnfds gi sus Gstamdss kfgk Gstamd kfgkjrds, jrds, takjfæi hdidhfmds hdkd fikuifmam fikuifmam d gxhgphf gxhgphfdigs digs qug üifhakgitg üifhakgitg apefhai apefh ai ae pgrsdiae mg mfh`a mfh`ass drnaif drnaifzahfdi zahfdigs. gs. Gstds fiheuygi, fiheuygi, gitrg dtrds< ea fikuifmam fikuifmam mg lurfsmfhhføi amkfifstratfva y lumfhfae2 ea fikuifmam a ea hdiofshahføi mg ahtfvds kugj ku gjeg egss y fi fiku kugj gjeg egs2 s2 ea fi fivf vfde deaj ajfe fefm fmam am mg ea eass do dofh fhfi fias as mg ea drnai drnaifz fzah ahfø føii y ea eass rgsfmgihfas dofhfaegs mg sus aetds dofhfaegs2 fikuifmam mg fkpugstds para ea drnaifzahføi y sus ouihfd ouihfdiarfds iarfds sdjrg sus finrgsds mg ea drnaifzahf drnaifzahføi, øi, fikuifmam fikuifmam mge prdhgsd egnae y

 

?0 amkfifstr amkfif stratf atfvd vd par paraa eds ouih ouihfdi fdiarf arfds ds hdi rgs rgspght pghtdd ae mgsgkpg mgsgkpgñd ñd mg sus ouih ouihfdi fdigs gs dofhfaegs2 fikuifmamgs mfpedkátfhas para eds rgprgsgitaitgs mg eds Gstamds Kfgkjrds, ea hüpuea mg ea amkfifstrahføi, y dtras fikuifmamgs para dtrds ouihfdiarfds gi eas kfsfdigs mg eds gstamds kfgkjrds.

0.0.- Kdmds mg amqufsfhføi mg gspahfd Wi gstamd pugmg amqufrfr tgrrftdrfd a hdisghugihfa mg `gh`ds mg ea iaturaegza, hdkd ea odrkahføi mg tgrrgids mg aeuvføi pdr eds rëds, d huaimd surngi fseas mg drfngi vdeháifhd gi eas anuas fitgrias d gi ge kar tgrrftdrfae mg gsg gstamd Xg hdisfmgra, ngigraekgitg, ngigraekgitg, qug ge tgrrftdrfd tgrrgst tgrrgstrg rg mge gstamd gi ge qug sg prdmuhg ea akpefahføi pdr hausas iaturaegs pgrtgighg a æstg, sfi qug sga ighgsarfd ifinüi ahtd  lurëmfhd mge rgogrfmd gstamd tgimgitg a hdisdefmam ea akpefahføi. Hdkd odrkahføi mg tgrrgids mg aeuvføi pdr eds rëds d huaimd surngi fseas mg drfngi vdeháifhd gi eas anuas fitgrias mg gstds gstamds. Sara dtrds, id sg prdmuhg autdkátfhakgitg ea gxtgisføi mg ea hdkpgtgihfa tgrrftdrfae, sfid qug gs ighgsarfa ea dhupahføi sgnufma mg aifkus dhhupaimf.  Id sfgkprg sg prdmuhg ea ahhgsføi pdr hausas iaturaegs, sfid qug pugmg fitgrvgifr ea ahtfvfmam mge `dkjrg, hdistruygimd mfqugs, kugeegs, gth. 0.6.- Eëkftgs mge gspahfd< orditgras Ea orditgra gs ui tráisftd sdhfae gitrg mds hueturas. Zgstrfinfmd ae ákjftd pdeëtfhd, gstg tærkfid sg rgofgrg a uia rgnføi d oraila, kfgitras qug ge tærkfid eëkftg gstá efnamd a uia hdihgphføi fkanfiarfa. Eas orditgras ae hditrarfd mg ed qug kuh`as vghgs sg hrgg, id sg mgkarhai üifhakgitg huaimd `ay tfgrra mg pdr kgmfd, pugs gxfstgi mfogrgitgs tfpds mg orditgras< aærgas, tgrrftdrfaegs, oeuvfaegs, karëtfkas y eahustrgs. Gstd qufgrg mghfr qug, gi kuh`ds hasds, ea orditgra mg ui paës hdi dtrd id sg gihugitra mgofifma sdeakgitg mdimg `ay tfgrra, pugs gi aenuids hasds gsa mfvfsføi sg goghtüa utfefzaimd rëds, kargs, gth. Eas orditgras sg harahtgrfzai pdr ge aetd nramd mg vfnfeaihfa, para gvftar gitramas gi kasa mg fikfnraitgs, mg mrdnas, mg kgrhamgrëas, gth. Sara ea mgefkftahføi mg orditgras sg utfefzai, ea kaydrëa mg vghgs, aspghtds vfsfjegs mg ea ngdnraoëa mg ui paës2 pdr glgkped, sf `ay kuh`as kditañas, sg gkpega ge pfhd kás aetd d ge ofi mg ea hamgia kdit kditañdsa. añdsa. Gi ge hasd mg eds rëds< sf ea orditgra gs ui rëd, ea mfvfsf mfvfsføi øi sg `ahg gi ea vanuama (ea partg kás prdouima mg gstg), gi hasd mg qug æsta qugmg kuy hgrha mg ea hdsta mg uid mg eds paësgs sg utfefza uia eëiga fkanfiarfa qug mfvfmg ge rëd pdr  ea kftam. Hdi eas orditgras karëtfkas karëtfkas y aærgas gs mfogrgitg2 gi gstds hasds sg gstajeghgi gstajeghgi eëigass fkanf eëiga fkanfiarfas, iarfas, lurëmf lurëmfhakgit hakgitgg gstaje gstajeghfmas ghfmas y qug sdi vfsfjegs vfsfjegs gi kapas y pdr kgmfd mg hddrmgiamas. Gi ge hasd mg eas orditgras karëtfkas, ea mfvfsføi sg `ahg vfsfjeg kgmfaitg jdyas.

 

?6

Jfjefdnraofa

Kassfeea y Kgmfia, prdjegkas mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd, jfjefdtgha lurëmfha vfrtuae mge fistftutd mg fivgstfnahfdigs lurëmfhas mg ea WIAK. Zgqufsftds para ge rghdidhfkfgitd y glghuhføi mg uia sgitgihfa prdvgifgitg mg GWA,  jfjefdtgha lurëmfha vfrtuae mge fistftutd mg fivgstfnahfdigs lurëmfhas mg ea WIAK. Narhfa y Kartfigz, arjftralg hfvfe y kgrhaitfe gi Kæxfhd, ajdnamds y hdisuetdrgs Ndemjgrnys, :31=. Egy kdmged sdjrg arjftralg hdkgrhfae, Hdkfsfdi mg eas iahfdigs uifmas para eg mgrgh`d kgrhaitfe fitgriahfdiae   Ogriaimgz, ge rgnfstrd mge gstamd hfvfe mg eas pgrsdias, jfjefdtgha lurëmfha vfrtuae, WIAK.

 

>3 Xfeva, mgrgh`d fitgrgstatae hfvfe, oakfefar y prdhgsae gi Kæxfhd, :316, ahamgkfa kgxfhaia mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd y hdkparamd. _azqugz, gi tdrid a eas rghfgitgs rgodrkas gi katgrfa mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd,  jfjefdtgha lurëmfha vfrtuae, WIAK. Ogriaimgz, tgsfs mdhtdrae ea hdmfofhahføi mge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd gi akgrfha eatfia, uifvgrsfmam hdkpeutgisg mg Kamrfs, :317. Hdmfnd hfvfe ogmgrae, hákara mg mfputamds mge @. hdinrgsd mg ea uiføi, mfarfd dofhfae mg ea ogmgrahføi, rgodrka MDO 38-3?-:316. Sgrgz y Zdmrfnugz, ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd gi kgxfhd y _gigzugea< trgs puitds mg hdfihfmgihfa, oahuetam mg mgrgh`d, uifvgrsfmam paiakgrfhaia hakpus Nuamaealara. Sgrgzifgtd, ge mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae prfvamd y su idrkatfvfmam gi su fihdrpdrahføi gi ge sfstgka lurëmfhd kgxfhaid, aiuarfd kgxfhaid mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae, :317. Xgpuevgma, mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae, Gm. Sdrrua, Kæxfhd, :336. Bgesgi, @ais y _grigind, tgdrëa pura mge mgrgh`d, WIAK, 160:. Argeeaid, prfkgr hursd mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae pujefhd, Gm. Sdrrua, 1608. ]rgld, Arakjuea y Aevargz, :33?, eds tratamds fitgriahfdiaegs hdkd ougitg mg mgrgh`d iahfdiae, Kæxfhd, :33?.   Hdivgihføi mg vfgia sdjrg ge mgrgh`d mg eds tratamds, iahfdigs uifmas, 1603.   Nufa mg ea prahtfha sdjrg eas rgsgrvas a eds tratamds, hdkfsføi mg mgrgh`d fitgriahfdiae mg eas iahfdigs uifmas, :311. ^fe`gekf, :330, ea efjrg mgtgrkfiahføi y ea autdidkëa mg eds pugjeds fimëngias. Ge hasd mg Kæxfhd. Jdegtfi mg mgrgh`d hdkparamd vde. =: Id 1:=, Kæxfhd :336. Jasg mg matds jfjefdnráofha mg @ukaifmamgs y Hfgihfas Xdhfaegs mg ea WIAK, hdisueta geghtrøifha mge fistftutd mg fivgstfnahfdigs lurfmfhas. _assaeed, :310, rgvfsta mg ea oahuetam mg mgrgh`d mg Kæxfhd Id :>, :310.

 

>1  Iahfdigs Wifmas, :33:, tratamds y prfihfpfds mg eas iahfdigs uifmas sdjrg ge gspahfd uetratgrrgstrg. Jgrgisdi, Ea fikuifmam mg ea lurfsmfhhføi mg eas drnaifzahfdigs fitgriahfdiaegs  pujefhas gi ge sfstgka fitgrakgrfhaid< mgsarrdeeds y prgdhupahfdigs. prgdhu pahfdigs.