Deliberacao 003 - 2016 Cmel Educacao Infantil

 

 

JBOZDFMB GTOKJKSHF LD DLTJHÀÊB LD FBOL^KOH jgdfCfbolrkoh.pr.`bv.nr   Ibod/ Ihx1 ( / D-ghkf1  D-ghkf1 jgdfCfbolrkoh.pr.`bv.nr Sunfkjhlh ob Abrohf Bikjkhf lb Guokjçpkb o± :84= ld >; ld ldzdgnrb ld >389.

S^BJDZZB O± 38388 LDFKND^HÀÊB O± 33:/>389 ‚  JGDF

HS^BYHLH DG1 8:/34/>384

KO\D^DZZHLB1 Jbosdfmb Guokjkphf ld Dlujhàêb ld Fbolrkoh HZZTO\B1 Obrghs d Srkojçpkbs phrh h Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ob Zkstdgh Guokjkphf ld Doskob ld Fbolrkoh ^DFH\B^DZ (HZ)1 Hjèlkb Abêb Mdje Fulgkfh Lkgktrbvkjmt ld Gdldkrbs Ghrjb Hurëfkb Ndtkbf Ghrkh Jrkstkoh Ykffh  Ohthf ld Bfkvdkrh B JBOZDFMB GTOKJKSHF LD DLTJHÀÊB LD FBOL^KOH, usholb lhs htrknukàôds qud fmd sêb jboidrklhs pbr Fdk, tdolb dg vksth hs lkspbskàôds jbosthotds lh Fdk Guokjkphf o± 83.>04, ld 89 ld aufmb ld >330, dg jbosboîojkh jbg h Fdk ld Lkrdtrkzds d Nhsds lh Dlujhàêb Ohjkbohf - FLN O± ;:;< ld >3 ld ldzdgnrb ld 8;;9 d Fdk O± 88.>0< ld 9 ld idvdrdkrb ld >339, buvklh h Jîghrh ld Dlujhàêb Nèskjh d jboskldrholb h Kolkjhàêb o± 38/>384 qud h dsth sd kojbrpbrh. LDFKND^H1 JHSÇ\TFB K LH DLTJHÀÊB KOIHO\KF IKOHFKLHLD D BNAD\KYBZ Hrt.8.± H Dlujhàêb Koihotkf, prkgdkrh dthph lh dlujhàêb nèskjh, jbostktuk lkrdktb kohfkdoèvdf lh jrkhoàh ld zdrb h jkojb hobs, h qudg b Dsthlb tdg b ldvdr ld `hrhotkr h bidrth pñnfkjh, `rhtukth d ld quhfklhld, sdg rdquksktb ld sdfdàêb, phrh htdolkgdotb dg jbgpfdgdothàêb ã hàêb lh ihgçfkh d lh jbguoklhld. Hrt.>.± H sdu Dlujhàêb Koihotkf tdgiçskjb, jbgbfko`uçstkjb, ikohfklhld `hrhotkr jbolkàôds phrh prbgbvdr b ndg-dsthr lhs jrkhoàhs, ldsdovbfvkgdotb jb`oktkvb, hidtkvb dhldquhlhs sbjkhf, ndg jbgb ihvbrdjdr h jbostruàêb lh kldotklhld d hutbobgkh, prbpkjkholb kotdrhàôds sbjkhks sk`okikjhtkvhs. Shrè`rhib Ñokjb - Lhlhs hs dspdjkikjklhlds lb ldsdovbfvkgdotb lh jrkhoàh ld zdrb h jkojb hobs, h Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ldvd jugprkr jbg hs iuoàôds kolkspdosèvdks d kolkssbjkèvdks ld dlujhr d juklhr. Hrt.:.± H Dlujhàêb Koihotkf sdrè bidrdjklh dg kostktukàôds dlujhjkbohks pñnfkjhs bu prkvhlhs prbvklhs ld  prbpbsths pdlh`ú`kjhs qud jbotdgpfdg b lkrdjkbohgdotb lb prbjdssb dlujhtkvb, hssd`urholb uoklhld ob htdolkgdotb ãs dspdjkikjklhlds lb ldsdovbfvkg ldsdovbfvkgdotb dotb koihotkf. Shrè`rhib Ñokjb - Dotdold-sd pbr kostktukàôds prkvhlhs ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf hs doquhlrhlhs ohs jhtd`brkhs ld  phrtkjufhrds, jbguoktèrkhs, jboidsskbohks bu ikfhotrúpkjhs, jboibrgd b hrtk`b >3 lh Fdk o.±;:; Jrdjmd : Srë-dsjbfh < Srë-dsjbfh 4

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J8 J> J: S< S4

IHK]H D\È^KH jrkhoàhs ohsjklhs ob hob dg jursb d qud jbgpfdthg ug hob h phrtkr ld :8 ld ghràb5 jrkhoàhs qud jbgpfdthg 8 hob htë :8 ld ghràb lb hob fdtkvb jrkhoàhs qud jbgpfdthg > (lbks) hobs htë :8 ld ghràb lb hob fdtkvb5 jrkhoàhs qud jbgpfdthg : (trás) hobs htë :8 ld ghràb lb hob fdtkvb jrkhoàhs qud jbgpfdthg < (quhtrb) hobs htë :8 ld ghràb lb hob fdtkvb5 jrkhoàhs qud jbgpfdthg 4 (jkojb) hobs htë :8 ld ghràb lb hob fdtkvb

Hrt.9± H ghtrçjufh oh jrdjmd d prë-dsjbfh oêb ë prë-rdquksktb phrh b ko`rdssb oh prë-dsjbfh d ob Doskob Iuolhgdothf, rdspdjtkvhgdotd. Hrt.0.± H jhr`h mbrèrkh gçokgh houhf ë ld =33 (bktbjdoths) mbrhs, lkstrknuçlh pbr ug gçokgb ld >33 (luzdotbs) lkhs ld trhnhfmb dlujhjkbohf. K - H irdquáojkh oh prë-dsjbfh ldvd sdr ld ob gçokgb 93% (sdssdoth pbr jdotb) lb tbthf ld mbrhs, sdg qud kstb sdah kgpdlktkvb phrh b prbssd`ukgdotb lbs dstulbs lh jrkhoàh5 KK - H kostktukàêb ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ldvdrè gboktbrhr h irdquáojkh d, quholb jbosththr krrd`ufhrklhld d/bu  prdsdoàh koidrkbr hb dsthndfdjklb, dsthndfdjklb, jbguokjhr hb Jbosdfmb \utdfhr. \utdfhr. Hrt.=± Ë ldvdr lb úr`êb pñnfkjb jbgpdtdotd h prdvksêb ld jbolkàôds phrh ghtrkjufhr, bnrk`htbrkhgdotd, dg kostktukàôds ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf, tblhs hs jrkhoàhs qud jbgpfdthg < d 4 hobs htë b lkh :8 ld ghràb lb hob dg qud bjbrrdr h ghtrçjufh. Shrè`rhib Ñokjb - Hs vh`hs dg jrdjmds d prë-dsjbfhs ldvdg sdr bidrthlhs, prdidrdojkhfgdotd, prúxkghs ãs rdskláojkhs lhs jrkhoàhs, rdsshfvhlhs sktuhàôds dspdjçikjhs lh ihgçfkh. Hrt.;.± Hs kostktukàôds ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf, hfëg lh suh iuoàêb dgkodotdgdotd dlujhtkvh, pbldrêb hrtkjufhr-sd jbg bs sdtbrds ld shñld d hsskstáojkh sbjkhf dg jbgpfdgdothàêb ã hàêb lh ihgçfkh ob htb ld juklhr lhs jrkhoàhs. Hrt.83. H jrkhoàh jbg ldikjkáojkh, trhostbrobs `fbnhks lb ldsdovbfvkgdotb d hfths mhnkfklhlds bu supdrlbthàêb, d hqudfh jbg mkpútdsd lkh`oústkjh dghohlh lb prbiksskbohf lh shñld bu lh Dqukpd ld Hpbkb Sdlh`ú`kjb Dspdjkhfkzhlb, sdrè prdidrdojkhfgdotd htdolklh oh rdld rd`ufhr, dg jdotrbs ld dlujhàêb koihotkf  pñnfkjbs bu prkvhlbs, rrdspdkthlb dspdkthlb b lkrdktb ld htdolkgdotb dspdjkhf d odjdssèrkb dg sdus lkidrdotds hspdjtbs, jbotholb jbg sdrvkàb dspdjkhfkzhlb, pbr gdkb ld hàôds jbgphrtkfmhlhs dotrd hs èrdhs lh shñld, hsskstáojkh sbjkhf d dlujhàêb, jboibrgd fd`ksfhàêb pdrtkodotd. JHSÇ\TFB KK LH S^BSBZ\H SDLH@Ú@KJH

 

  Hrt.88. H prbpbsth pdlh`ú`kjh ldikoklh pdfhs kostktukàôds ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ldvd nusjhr h kotdrhàêb dotrd bs lkvdrsbs jhgpbs lb shndr d b jbtklkhob lh jrkhoàh. Hrt.8>. Hs prètkjhs pdlh`ú`kjhs qud jbgpôdg h prbpbsth jurrkjufhr lh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ldvdg tdr jbgb  phrîgdtrb h jkdotkikjklhld, h fulkjklhld fulkjklhld d b jbomdjkgdotb jbotdxtuhfkzhlb, jbotdxtuhfkzhlb, `hrhotkolb dxpdrkáojkhs dxpdrkáojkhs qud1 K  ‚   prbgbvhg b jbomdjkgdotb ld sk d lb guolb pbr gdkb lh hgpfkhàêb ld dxpdrkáojkhs sdosbrkhks, dxprdsskvhs d jbrpbrhks qud pbssknkfktdg gbvkgdothàêb hgpfh, dxprdssêb lh kolkvkluhfklhld d rdspdktb pdfbs rktgbs d ldsdabs lh jrkhoàh5 KK  ‚   ihvbrdàhg ihvbrdàhg h kgdrsêb lhs jrkhoàhs ohs lkidrdotds fko`uh`dos d b prb`rdsskvb lbgçokb pbr dfhs ld vèrkbs `áodrbs d ibrghs ldãsdxprdssêb `dstuhf, vdrnhf, lrhgètkjh d guskjhf5 KKK  ‚   pbssknkfktdg jrkhoàhs dxpdrkáojkhs ldpfèstkjh, ohrrhtkvhs ld hprdjkhàêb d kotdrhàêb jbg h fko`uh`dg brhf d dsjrkth d jbovçvkb jbg lkidrdotds supbrtds d `áodrbs tdxtuhks brhks d dsjrktbs, oêb mhvdolb sbnrdpbskàêb lb lbgçokb lb júlk`b dsjrktb sbnrd hs ldghks htkvklhlds5 KY  ‚   rdjrkdg, dg jbotdxtbs sk`okikjhtkvbs phrh hs jrkhoàhs, rdfhàôds quhotkthtkvhs, gdlklhs, ibrghs d brkdothàôds dsphàb-tdgpbrhks5 Y ‚  hgpfkdg  hgpfkdg h jboikhoàh d h phrtkjkphàêb lhs jrkhoàhs ohs htkvklhlds kolkvklu kolkvkluhks hks d jbfdtkvhs5 YK ‚  pbssknkfktdg  pbssknkfktdg sktuhàôds ld hprdolkzh`dg gdlkhlhs phrh h dfhnbrhàêb lh hutbobgkh lhs jrkhoàhs ohs hàôds ld juklhlb pdssbhf, hutb-br`hokzhàêb, shñld d ndg-dsthr5 YKK  ‚   pbssknkfktdg vkváojkhs ëtkjhs d dstëtkjhs jbg butrhs jrkhoàhs d `rupbs jufturhks, qud hfhr`udg sdus  phlrôds ld rdidráojkh d ld kldotklhlds kldotklhlds ob lkèfb`b d rdjbomdjkgdotb rdjbomdjkgdotb lh lkvdrsklhld5 YKKK  ‚   kojdotkvdg h jurkbsklhld, h dxpfbrhàêb, b dojhothgdotb, b qudstkbohgdotb, h kolh`hàêb d b jbomdjkgdotb lhs jrkhoàhs dg rdfhàêb hb guolb içskjb d sbjkhf, hb tdgpb d ã ohturdzh5 K] ‚  prbgbvhg  prbgbvhg b rdfhjkbohgdotb d h kotdrhàêb lhs jrkhoàhs jbg lkvdrskikjhlhs ghokidsthàôds ld gñskjh, hrtds  pfèstkjhs d `rèikjhs, ibtb`rhik ibtb`rhikh, h, lhoàh, tdhtrb, pbdskhbd juklhlb, fktdrhturh5h prdsdrvhàêb d b jbomdjkgdotb lh ]  ‚   prbgbvhg h jkodgh, kotdrhàêb, h bnsdrvhàêb, b rdspdktb,  nkblkvdrsklhld d lh sustdothnkfklhld sustdothnkfklhld lh vkl vklhh oh tdrrh, hsskg jbgb b oêb ldspdrlçjkb lbs lbs rdjursbs ohturhks5 ]K ‚  prbpkjkdg  prbpkjkdg h kotdrhàêb d b jbomdjkgdotb pdfhs jrkhoàhs lhs ghokidsthàôds d trhlkàôds jufturhks nrhskfdkrhs5 ]KK ‚  pbssknkfktdg  pbssknkfktdg h utkfkzhàêb ld rdjursbs gklkètkjbs d tdjobfú`kjbs. Shrè`rhib Ñokjb - Hs jrdjmds d prë-dsjbfhs, oh dfhnbrhàêb lh prbpbsth jurrkjufhr, ld hjbrlb jbg suhs jhrhjtdrçstkjhs, kldotklhld kostktujkbohf, dsjbfmhs jbfdtkvhs d phrtkjufhrklhlds pdlh`ú`kjhs, dsthndfdjdrêb gblbs ld kotd`rhàêb ldsshs dxpdrkáojkhs.  dxpdrkáojkhs.  Hrt.8:. Bs phrîgdtrbs phrh h br`hokzhàêb ld turghs ldvdrêb rdspdkthr hs jbolkàôds jbojrdths ld ldsdovbfvkgdotb lhs jrkhoàhs d suhs dspdjkikjklhlds, sdolb jboskldrhlh h rdfhàêb ld1  OBGDOJFH\T^H Jrdjmd Ndná - JN Jrdjmd 8 - J8

DOZHFHGDO\B Htë 39 jrkhoàhs /38 prbidssbr Htë 3= jrkhoàhs /38 prbidssbr

Jrdjmd -- J> Jrdjmd >: J: Srë-dsjbfh < - S< Srë-dsjbfh 4 - S4

Htë Htë 8> 89 jrkhoàhs jrkhoàhs /38 /38 prbidssbr prbidssbr Htë >3 jrkhoàhs /38 prbidssbr Htë >3 jrkhoàhs /38 prbidssbr

§8±- Zêb ihtbrds ldtdrgkohotds phrh dsth br`hokzhàêb h prbpbsth pdlh`ú`kjh d hs jbolkàôds lb dsphàb içskjb, dqukphgdotbs d ghtdrkhks lh kostktukàêb. §>±. Oh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf phrh jhlh lbks jhsbs ld kojfusêb d hfuobs dg prbjdssb ld hvhfkhàêb pbr turgh ë bnrk`htúrkh h prdsdoàh ld ghks ug prbidssbr d, obs jhsbs ld odjdssklhld ld hpbkbs kotdosbs d jbotçoubs sdrè bnrk`htúrkb ug prbidssbr, h phrtkr ld ug hfuob ghtrkjufhlb oh turgh. Hrt.8.± H prbpbsth pdlh`ú`kjh ldvdrè dxpfkjkthr suh kldotklhld pbr gdkb lh ldikokàêb ld bnadtkvbs d gdths, h br`hokzhàêb lb trhnhfmb pdlh`ú`kjb, hs rdfhàôds d hs hrtkjufhàôds qud sd dsthndfdjdg dotrd bs dovbfvklbs, ndg jbgb suh mkstúrkh, dxpdjthtkvhs d jbojdpàôds.

 

  §:.± Oh dfhnbrhàêb, kgpfdgdothàêb d hvhfkhàêb lh prbpbsth pdlh`ú`kjh lhs kostktukàôds ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ldvdrè dsthr hssd`urhlh h jbdráojkh, b gbvkgdotb ld jbostruàêb d rdjbostruàêb, h uoklhld, h phrtkjkphàêb d b jbgprbgkssb ld tblbs bs dovbfvklbs. §.± H hvhfkhàêb lb prbjdssb ld doskob d lh hprdolkzh`dg oêb tdrè jhrètdr sdfdtkvb lh jrkhoàh, ghs sdrè b kolkjhlbr lh odjdssklhld ld kotdrvdoàêb pdlh`ú`kjh. §:.± Oh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf h hvhfkhàêb ihr-sd-è gdlkhotd hjbgphomhgdotb d rd`kstrb lb sdu ldsdovbfvkgdotb, sdg b bnadtkvb ld prbgbàêb, gdsgb phrh b hjdssb hb Doskob Iuolhgdothf. §3. B prbiksskbohf phrh htuhr oh jbbrldohàêb pdlh`ú`kjh ldvdrè tdr ibrghàêb dg jursb ld `rhluhàêb dg Sdlh`b`kh bu `rhluhàêb dg fkjdojkhturh pfdoh, ldsld qud hjrdsjklh ld pús-`rhluhàêb dg supdrvksêb dsjbfhr, bu pús-`rhluhàêb dg `dstêb dlujhjkbohf, rdjbomdjklh pdfb GDJ. Shrè`rhib Ñokjb1 B jbbrldohlbr pdlh`ú`kjb ldvdrè dxdrjdr hs iuoàôds ld sdu jhr`b dxjfuskvhgdotd ob mbrèrkb ld iuojkbohgdotb lh kostktukàêb, dg abrohlh ld trhnhfmb jbg jhr`h mbrèrkh ld 3 mbrhs sdghohks phrh kostktukàôds qud iuojkbodg dg rd`kgd phrjkhf. phr jkhf. Hrt.>8. B prbiksskbohf phrh htuhr oh `dstêb dsjbfhr ldvdrè tdr ibrghàêb dg jursb ld `rhluhàêb dg Sdlh`b`kh bu pús-`rhluhàêb dg `dstêb dsjbfhr.  §8±. B prhzb phrh b `dstbr dsjbfhr hldquhr-sd quhotb h ibrghàêb gçokgh dxk`klh sdrè ld ±. Hs iuoàôds ld `dstbr dsjbfhr d jbbrldohlbr pdlh`ú`kjb pbldrêb sdr jugufhlhs oh kostktukàêb ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf qud pbssuh htë 34 (jkojb) turghs pbr pdrçblb d bndldàh hbs rdquksktbs fd`hks dfdojhlbs ob hrtk`b 48

 

  ldsth Ldfkndrhàêb, sdolb bnrk`htúrkh bnrk`htúrkh h prdsdoàh ldst ldstdd dg pdrçblb kotd`rhf oh kostktukàêb, jbo jboibrgd ibrgd prbpbsth  pdlh`ú`kjh d jhfdolèrkb dsjbfhr. dsjbfhr. §:±. H kostktukàêb ld doskob qud tdomh 3< turghs bu ghks, ldvdrè jbotrhthr b prbiksskbohf tëjokjbhlgkokstrhtkvb, jbg abrohlh ld trhnhfmb jboibrgd h ldgholh bnrk`htúrkh lh kostktukàêb, pbssukolb jbgb dsjbfhrklhld gçokgh b Doskob Gëlkb jbgpfdtb. Hrt.>>. Bs prbiksskbohks qud jbgpôdg h dqukpd ld hpbkb lhs kostktukàôds ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ldvdrêb tdr jbgb dsjbfhrklhld gçokgh b Doskob Iuolhgdothf, sdolb hlgktklbs bs hobs kokjkhks. Hrt.>:. ghotdodlbrh prbgbvdrè b hpdridkàbhgdotb lbs prbiksskbohks ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf dg dxdrjçjkb, ld gblb h H vkhnkfkzhr ibrghàêb jbotkouhlh. Hrt.>4. Hfëg lbs prbidssbrds d dspdjkhfksths h kostktukàêb pbldrè jbothr jbg butrbs prbiksskbohks ld htkvklhlds dspdjçikjhs jbgb bs ld shñld, mk`kdod, hsskstáojkh sbjkhf d sdrvkàbs dspdjkhfkzhlbs, ld hjbrlb jbg b htdolkgdotb h sdr bidrthlb d h prbpbsth pdlh`ú`kjh lh kostktukàêb. JHSÇ\TFB KY LB DZSHÀB, LHZ KOZ\HFHÀÔDZ D DXTKSHGDO\BZ Hrt. >9. Bs dsphàbs sdrêb prbadthlbs d/bu hlhpthlbs ld gblb ld h ihvbrdjdr b ldsdovbfvkgdotb kotd`rhf lhs jrkhoàhs, rdspdkthlhs hs suhs odjdssklhlds d dspdjkikjklhlds hjbrlb jbg h prbpbsth pdlh`ú`kjh lh kostktukàêb. Shrè`rhib Ñokjb - Dg sd trhtholb ld turgh ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf, dg dsjbfhs ld Doskob Iuolhgdothf d/bu Gëlkb, ldvdrêb sdr rdsdrvhlbs dsphàbs d mbrèrkbs phrh usb dxjfuskvb lhs jrkhoàhs ld zdrb h jkojb hobs. Hrt.>0. \blb kgúvdf ldstkohlb ã Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ldpdoldrè ld hprbvhàêb pdfbs úr`êbs bikjkhks jbgpdtdotds. §8.± B prëlkb ldvdrè dsthr hldquhlb ã Dlujhàêb Koihotkf d htdoldr obrghs d dspdjkikjhàôds tëjokjhs lh fd`ksfhàêb pdrtkodotd. §>.±B kgúvdf ldvdrè hprdsdothr jbolkàôds ld fbjhfkzhàêb, hjdssb, sd`urhoàh, shfunrklhld, shodhgdotb, kfugkohàêb d mk`kdod, dg jboibrgklhld jbg h fd`ksfhàêb qud rd`d h ghtërkh. §:±. Dg sd trhtholb ld dlkikjhàêb hssbnrhlhlh, h dlujhàêb koihotkf ldvdrè ldsdovbfvdrsuhs htkvklhlds,  prdidrdojkhfgdotd, ob pksb tërrdb. Hrt.>=. Bs dsphàbs ldvdrêb htdoldr ãs lkidrdotds iuoàôds lh kostktukàêb ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf d jbotdr ugh dstruturh nèskjhkotdrobs qud jbotdgpfd1 K ‚  dsphàbs  dsphàbs phrh bs sdrvkàbs hlgkokstrhtkvbs, pdlh`ú`kjbs d ld hpbkb5 KK  ‚  shfhs  shfhs phrh htkvklhlds lhs jrkhoàhs, jbg nbh vdotkfhàêb d kfugkohàêb, vksêb phrh b hgnkdotd dxtdrob, jbg gbnkfkèrkb d dqukphgdotbs hldquhlbs, rdspdktholb èrdh gçokgh ld 8,4 g¾ pbr jrkhoàh htdolklh5 KKK  ‚   rdidktúrkb, kosthfhàôds d dqukphgdotbs phrh b prdphrb ld hfkgdotbs, qud htdolhg hs dxk`áojkhs ld outrkàêb, shñld, mk`kdod d sd`urhoàh, obs jhsbs ld bidrdjkgdotb ld hfkgdothàêb5 KY ‚   kosthfhàôds kosthfhàôds shoktèrkhs jbgpfdths, suikjkdotds d prúprkhs phrh b usb lhs jrkhoàhs5 Y ‚  kosthfhàôds  kosthfhàôds shoktèrkhs prúprkhs (ghsjufkob d idgkokob), phrh b usb dxjfuskvb lbs hluftbs5 YK ‚  phrh  phrh turgh ld JN prbvdr b dsphàb ld ndràbs kolkvkluhks, èrdh fkvrd phrh gbvkgdothàêb lhs jrkhoàhs, phrh htdolkgdotb ld hfuobs htë 38 hob ld klhld, jhghs dgpkfmèvdks h phrtkr ld 39 gdsds d jbfjmbodtds jbg dsphàb fkvrd phrh gbvkgdothàêb lhs jrkhoàhs5 fhjtèrkb, fbjhks phrh hghgdothàêb, irhflèrkb d sbfèrkb, rdspdktholb h kolkjhàêb lh Yk`kfîojkh Zhoktèrkh ld 8,43 g¾ pbr jrkhoàhs5 YKK  ‚   phrh turgh ld J8 prbvdr b dsphàb phrh fkvrd gbvkgdothàêb lhs jrkhoàhs, jhghs dgpkfmèvdks bu jbfjmbodtds jbg dsphàb fkvrd phrh gbvkgdothàêb lhs jrkhoàhs5 fhjtèrkb, fbjhks phrh hghgdothàêb, irhflèrkb d sbfèrkb, rdspdktholb h kolkjhàêb lh Yk`kfîojkh Zhoktèrkh ld 8,43 g¾ pbr jrkhoàhs5 YKKK  ‚   phrh phrh turghs ld J>, J:, S< d S4 prbvdr b dsphàb phrh fkvrd gbvkgdothàêb lhs jrkhoàhs, rdspdktholb h kolkjhàêb lh Yk`kfîojkh Zhoktèrkh ld >,>3 g¾ pbr jrkhoàh5

 

  YKKK ‚  èrdh  èrdh jbndrth phrh htkvklhlds dxtdrohs jbgphtçvdf jbg h jhphjklhld ld htdolkgdotb, pbr turob. Hrt.>;. Hs èrdhs hb hr fkvrd ldvdrêb pbssknkfkthr hs htkvklhlds ld dxprdssôds içskjhs, rdjrdhtkvhs, hrtçstkjhs d ld fhzdr, kojfukolb èrdhs vdrlds. JHSÇ\TFB Y LB HJBGSHOMHGDO\B D LH ZTSD^YKZÊB Hrt.:3. Jbgpdtd hb úr`êb dxdjutbr lb Zkstdgh ld Doskob ldikokr d kgpfdgdothr prbjdlkgdotbs phrh h supdrvksêb, hvhfkhàêb d jbotrbfd ld Dlujhàêb prbgbvdolb h lksjussêb dh jbbpdrhàêb tëjokjh dotrd hs èrdhslhslhkostktukàôds shñld, hsskstáojkh sbjkhf,Koihotkf, trhnhfmb, jufturh d bs rdspdjtkvbsjboauoth jbosdfmbs guokjkphks, vksholb b hprkgbrhgdotb lh quhfklhld lb prbjdssb dlujhjkbohf. Hrt.:8. Ã supdrvksêb lhs Kostktukàôds ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf jbgprddold hjbgphomhr d hvhfkhr1 K - b jugprkgdotb lh fd`ksfhàêb dlujhjkbohf5 KK - h dxdjuàêb lh prbpbsth pdlh`ú`kjh5 KKK - hs jbolkàôds ld ghtrçjufh d pdrghoáojkh lhs jrkhoàhs dg kostktukàôds koihotks5 KY - b prbjdssb ld gdfmbrkh lh quhfklhld lbs sdrvkàbs prdsthlbs, jboskldrholb h prbpbsth pdlh`ú`kjh lh kostktukàêb ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf d b lkspbstb oh rd`ufhgdothàêb vk`dotd5 Y - h quhfklhld lbs dsphàbs içskjbs, kosthfhàôds, ghtdrkhks d dqukphgdotbs d hldquhàêb ãs suhs ikohfklhlds5 YK - h rd`ufhrklhld lbs rd`kstrbs ld lbjugdothàêb d hrqukvb5 YKK - h bidrth d dxdjuàêb ld prb`rhghs supfdgdothrds ld ghtdrkhf lklètkjb-pdlh`ú`kjb, trhospbrtd, hfkgdothàêb d hsskstáojkh ã shñld ohs kostktukàôds ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf5 YKKK - h hrtkjufhàêb kostktukàêb ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf jbg ihgçfkhbd úr`êb h jbguoklhld. Shrè`rhib Ñokjb - lh Shrh b htdolkgdotb hb lkspbstb odstdh hrtk`b dxdjutbr lb Zkstdgh ld Doskob ldsdovbfvdrè prbjdssb jbotçoub ld hjbgphomhgdotb lhs htkvklhlds lhs kostktukàôds ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf, ld gblb h `hrhotkr b sdu iuojkbohgdotb, vksholb hprkgbrhr h quhfklhld lb htdolkgdotb. Hrt.:>. Ydrkikjhlh quhfqudr krrd`ufhrklhld, b prbjdlkgdotb h sdr kosthurhlb jugprkrè b prdvkstb oh Ldfkndrhàêb ld ^d`ufhàêb supdrvksêb d hvhfkhàêb lh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf d lb Doskob Iuolhgdothf dg Kostktukàôds ld Doskob ghotklhs d hlgkokstrhlhs pdfb pbldr Sñnfkjb Guokjkphf d pbr pdssbhs aurçlkjhs bu içskjhs ld lkrdktb prkvhlb, ob îgnktb lb Zkstdgh Guokjkphf ld Doskob ld Fbolrkoh.  JHSÇ\TFB YK LHZ LKZSBZKÀÔDZ @D^HKZ Hrt.::. H kostktukàêb ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf qud sd dojbotrhr dg prbjdssb ld hutbrkzhàêb ld iuojkbohgdotb ldvdrè htdoldr h fd`ksfhàêb vk`dotd ã ëpbjh lb sdu prbtbjbfb. Hrt.:/>330- Jbosdfmb Guokjkphf ld Dlujhàêb ld Fbolrkoh d ldghks lkspbskàôds dg jbotrèrkb. LDFKND^HÀÊB LB SFDOÈ^KB B Jbosdfmb Guokjkphf ld Dlujhàêb hprbvh pbr uohokgklhld h prdsdotd Ldfkndrhàêb. Dg, 8: ld ghkb ld >384. Ydrh Fujkh Sdrdkrh lh Zkfvh Gburh S^DZKLDO\D LB JGDF

 

  JBOZDFMB GTOKJKSHF LD DLTJHÀÊB LD FBOL^KOH Ibod/ Ihx1 ( / D-ghkf1  D-ghkf1 jgdfCfbolrkoh.pr.`bv.nr jgdfCfbolrkoh.pr.`bv.nr   S^BJDZZB O± 38388 KOLKJHÀÊB O± 33:/>389 - J.G.D.F

HS^BYHLH DG1 8:/34/>384

KO\D^DZZHLB1  Jbosdfmb Guokjkphf ld Dlujhàêb ld Fbolrkoh

S rkojçpkbs phrh h Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ob Zkstdgh Guokjkphf ld Doskob ld Fbolrkoh HZZTO\B1 Obrghs d Srkojçpkbs ^DFH\B^DZ1 Hjèlkb Abêb Mdje5 Fulgkfh Lkgktrbvkjmt ld Gdldkrbs5 Ghrjb Hurëfkb Ndtkbf5 Ghrkh Jrkstkoh Ykffh5  Ohthf ld Bfkvdkrh. K  ‚  B  B Jhgkomb pdrjbrrklb oh jbostruàêb lh Kolkjhàêb

H prdsdotd Ldfkndrhàêb rdvb`h rdvb`h b lkspbstb oh Ldfkndrhàêb 3>/ 3>/30 30 - JGDF, qud dsthndfdjkh hs obrghs d prkojçpkbs phrh h Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ob Zkstdgh Guokjkphf ld Doskob. Dg ihjd lhs hftdrhàôds bjbrrklhs oh fd`ksfhàêb dlujhjkbohf, h Jîghrh ld Dlujhàêb Nèskjh lb Jbosdfmb, @dstêb >33=->388, hohfksbu h Kolkjhàêb 38/30 ‚  JGDF,  JGDF, ob prkgdkrb sdgdstrd ld >388 d vdrkikjbu h odjdssklhld ld hldquhàêb lhs obrghs guokjkphks lh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf, ob Zkstdgh Guokjkphf ld Doskob ld Fbolrkoh, ãs obrghs obrghs Idldrhks. Lhlb b ikolhr lh @dstêb d h dfdkàêb d pbssd lbs obv obvbs bs jbosdfmdkrbs, h jbotkouklhld lb trhnhfmb ikjbu phrh h obvh @dstêb. H Jîghrh ld Dlujhàêb Nèskjh lb Jbosdfmb Guokjkphf ld Dlujhàêb, @dstêb >38>->384, rdtbgbu bs dstulbs jbg h prbpbsth ld qud h obvh ldfkndrhàêb ibssd gkouthlh d hprdsdothlh ãs dotklhlds rdprdsdothtkvhs lh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf lb guokjçpkb d, oug trhnhfmb phrtkjkphtkvb d jbfdtkvb ld lksjussêb d rdifdxêb, h jbostruàêb ibssd jbojfuçlh. Lurhotd b prbjdssb, sdgprd phuthrhg hs rdifdxôds lb `rupb, b dotdolkgdotb ld qud h Dlujhàêb Koihotkf, jbgb prkgdkrh dthph lh Dlujhàêb Nèskjh, prdjksh dsthndfdjdr pbfçtkjhs jhphzds ld vkhnkfkzhr b hosdkb ld tblh h jbguoklhld fbolrkodosd d lbs prbiksskbohks lh dlujhàêb ob ldsdovbfvkgdotb ld prètkjhs hldquhlhs hb htdolkgdotb ãs jrkhoàhs ld 3 hqud 4 hobs ld klhld. Ë kgpbrthotd ldsthjhr lurhotd dstd prbjdssb mbuvd ug gbgdotb ld phush, tdolb dg vksth h lksjussêb sbnrd b jrktërkb ld klhld phrh h ghtrçjufh ob Doskob Iuolhgdothf, juab jbotdñlb kgphjthvh lkrdthgdotd dg lkvdrsbs hspdjtbs jbostktukotds lh obrgh dg dfhnbrhàêb. Hs rdifdxôds kotdrohs ibrhg hprbiuolhlhs d thgnëg jboluzkrhg b prbjdssb phrh ug ldsgdgnrhgdotb ld hssuotbs, hssuotbs, qud ldrhg brk`dg h Ldfkndrhàôd Ldfkndrhàôdss lkstkoths, quhks sdahg1 ug ughh ldstkohlh ã Dlujhàêb Koihotkf d butrh ld Hutbrkzhàêb d ^dobvhàêb ld Iuojkbohgdotb lbs oçvdks d gblhfklhlds ld Doskob qud jbgpôdg b Zkstdgh Guokjkphf ld Doskob ld Fbolrkoh. Hpús h jbostruàêb lh gkouth, dsth ibk dojhgkomhlh hbs lkidrdotds sd`gdotbs phrh jbomdjkgdotb,  prbpbskàêb ld su`dstôds d lksjussêb dg rduokêb hgpfkhlh, rdhfkzhlh dg h`bstb ld >38:. \hgnëg ibrhg rdhfkzhlhs rduokôds jbg h dqukpd lh Zdjrdthrkh Guokjkphf ld Dlujhàêb phrh dsjfhrdjdr lkidrdotds pbotbs jbgb1 dstruturh içskjh, vh`hs, doshfhgdotb, quhlrb ld prbidssbrds d prbiksskbohks ld hpbkb, dotrd butrbs. Ld pbssd lhs jbotrknukàôds, h Jîghrh ld Dlujhàêb Nèskjh hvhfkbu d prbssd`uku h rddstruturhàêb. Hb fbo`b lb sd`uolb sdgdstrd ld >38389, h ikg ld qud dsth obrgh dstkvdssd hldquhlh ãs Obrghs phrh h ^d`ufhàêb, Zupdrvksêb d Hvhfkhàêb lh Dlujhàêb Dlujhàêb Koihotkf d lb Doskob Iuolhgdothf bidrthlbs ob Zkstdgh Guokjkphf ld Doskob ld Fbolrkoh ibrhg rdhfkzhlhs hf`ughs htuhfkzhàôds oh gdsgh. KK - Iuolhgdotbs Fd`hks lbs Lkrdktbs lhs Jrkhoàhs oh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf

Bs dstulbs rdhfkzhlbs jbg b bnadtkvb ld rdvkshr d htuhfkzhr hs obrghs qud rd`dg h Dlujhàêb Koihotkf bnrk`hg-sd ã sunbrlkohàêb lh Jbostktuàêb d htb jbotçoub, hb dsthndfdjklb ohs rdjdotds hftdrhàôds lh Fdk ld Lkrdtrkzds d Nhsds lh Dlujhàêb Ohjkbohf-FLNDO d ldghks obrghtkvhs vkojufhotds. H kotd`rhàêb lh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ob îgnktb lh Dlujhàêb Nèskjh ë irutb ld ldnhtds ohjkbohks ldsdovbfvklbs dspdjkhfgdotd pbr dlujhlbrds, pdsqukshlbrds, sd`gdotbs br`hokzhlbs lh sbjkdlhld d ld gbvkgdotb ld gufmdrds trhnhfmhlbrhs, tdolb dg vksth h ldikokàêb ld pbfçtkjhs pñnfkjhs vbfthlhs hb pfdob ldsdovbfvkgdotb kotd`rhf lhs jrkhoàhs. Hsskg, h Jbostktukàêb Idldrhf lb Nrhskf, dg sdu \çtufb YKKK - Lh Brldg Zbjkhf, hrtk`b 8;:, hikrgh qud tdg ‖jbgb bnadtkvb  b ndg-dsthr d h austkàh sbjkhks‗. Hssd`urh phrh h koiîojkh nrhskfdkrh, ob hrtk`b >3:, oh Zdàêb KY - Lh Hsskstáojkh Zbjkhf, ‖h prbtdàêb ã ihgçfkh, ã ghtdroklhld, ã koiîojkh, ã hlbfdsjáojkh...‗.

B hrtk`b >34, Zdàêb K - Lh Dlujhàêb, hikrgh qud1 ‖Hrt. >34.  H dlujhàêb, lkrdktb ld tblbs d ldvdr lb Dsthlb d lh ihgçfkh, sdrè prbgbvklh d kojdotkvhlh jbg h jbfhnbrhàêb lh sbjkdlhld, vksholb hb pfdob ldsdovbfvkgdotb lh pdssbh.‗  pdssbh.‗  

\hgnëg ob hrtk`b >>0 lb Jhpçtufb YKK - Lh Ihgçfkh, lh Jrkhoàh, lkspôd h Jhrth Gh`oh qud1 ‖Hrt. >>0. Ë ldvdr lh ihgçfkh, lh sbjkdlhld d lb Dsthlb hssd`urhr ã jrkhoàh, hb hlbfdsjdotd d hb abvdg, jbg hnsbfuth  prkbrklhld, b lkrdktb ã vklh, ã shñld, ã hfkgdothàêb, ã dlujhàêb, hb fhzdr, ã prbiksskbohfkzhàêb, prbiksskbohf kzhàêb, ã jufturh, ã lk`oklhld, hb rdspdktb, ã fkndrlhld d ã jbovkváojkh ihgkfkhr d jbguoktèrkh, hfëg ld jbfbjè-fbs h shfvb ld tblh ibrgh ld od`fk`áojkh, lksjrkgkohàêb, dxpfbrhàêb, vkbfáojkh, jrudflhld d bprdssêb‗. b prdssêb‗.

Dssds lkspbsktkvbs jboskldrhg hs jrkhoàhs jbgb suadktbs ld lkrdktb d hfvb prdidrdojkhf ld pbfçtkjhs  pñnfkjhs kotd`rhlhs jbg h jbfhnbrhàêb d h phrtkjkphàêb ld tblbs bs sd`gdotbs lh sbjkdlhld, dg dspdjkhf hs sdjrdthrkhs ld dlujhàêb d ld shñld, ld hsskstáojkh sbjkhf, austkàh, trhnhfmb, bs jbosdfmbs ld lkrdktb lhs jrkhoàhs, bs jbosdfmbs tutdfhrds d, hkolh, bs aukzhlbs lhs vhrhs ld koiîojkh d ihgçfkh, dg jboauotb jbg bs úr`êbs ld koibrghàêb d jbguokjhàêb. Ghks rdjdotdgdotd h Jbostktukàêb Idldrhf sbirdu luhs hftdrhàôds, jbg kgphjtbs kgpbrthotds oh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf. Dg >339, h Dgdolh Jbostktujkbohf o± 4: hftdrbu b hrtk`b 0± d b >3= obs sd`ukotds tdrgbs1 ‖Hrt. 8± H Jbostktukàêb Idldrhf phssh h vk`brhr jbg hs sd`ukotds hftdrhàôds1  Hrt. 0± Zêb lkrdktbs lbs trhnhfmhlbrds urnhobs d rurhks, hfëg ld butrbs qud vksdg vksdg ã gdfmbrkh ld suh jbolkàêb sbjkhf1 …  ]]Y - hsskstáojkh `rhtukth hbs ikfmbs d ldpdoldotds l dpdoldotds ldsld b ohsjkgdotb htë 4 (jkojb) hobs ld klhld dg jrdjmds d prëdsjbfhs5 …   Hrt. >3=. B ldvdr lb Dsthlb jbg jbg h dlujhàêb sdrè didtkvhlb gdlkhotd h `hrhotkh ld1 ...  KY - dlujhàêb koihotkf, dg jrdjmd d prë-dsjbfh, prë-dsjbfh, ãs jrkhoàhs htë 4 (jkojb) hobs ld klhld5‗  klhld5‗  

Dg >33;, h Dgdolh Jbostktujkbohf o± 4;/3;, qud thgnëg hftdrbu b hrtk`b >3= lh Jbostktukàêb Idldrhf, dsthndfdjdu h bnrk`htbrkdlhld lh dlujhàêb phrh h ihkxh dtèrkh ld jrkhoàhs ld 3< d 34 hobs d ikrgbu  prhzb phrh h suh didtkvhàêb1  ‖Hrt. 8± Bs kojksbs K d YKK lb hrt. >3= lh Jbostktukàêb Idldrhf, phsshg h vk`brhr jbg hs sd`ukotds hftdrhàôds1  Hrt. >3=. B ldvdr lb Dsthlb jbg jbg h dlujhàêb sdrè didtkvhlb gdlkhotd h `hrhotkh ld1  K - dlujhàêb nèskjh bnrk`htúrkh d `rhtukth `rhtuk th lbs < (quhtrb) (quh trb) hbs 80 (ldzdssdtd) hobs lldd klhld, hssd`urhlh kojfuskvd suh bidrth `rhtukth phrh tblbs bs qud h dfh oêb tkvdrhg hjdssb oh klhld prúprkh5 ...

 

  YKK - htdolkgdotb hb dlujholb, dg tblhs hs dthphs lh dlujhàêb nèskjh, pbr gdkb ld prb`rhghs supfdgdothrds ld ghtdrkhf lklètkjb dsjbfhr, trhospbrtd, hfkgdothàêb d hsskstáojkh ã shñld.‗  shñld.‗   ...  Hrt. 9±. B lkspbstb ob ob   kojksb K lb hrt. >3= lh Jbostktukàêb Idldrhf   l ddvdrè vdrè sdr kgpfdgdothlb prb`rdsskvhgdotd, htë >389, obs tdrgbs lb Sfhob Ohjkbohf ld Dlujhàêb, jbg hpbkb tëjokjb d ikohojdkrb lh Tokêb.‗  

B lkspbstb ob kojksb K lb hrt. >3= lh Jbostktukàêb Idldrhf ldu ug prhzb phrh kgpfdgdothàêb htë >389, obs tdrgbs lb Sfhob Ohjkbohf ld Dlujhàêb, jbg hpbkb tëjokjb d ikohojdkrb lh Tokêb d kolkrdthgdotd hfdrtbu phrh h odjdssklhld ld obvhs brkdothàôds sbnrd h br`hokzhàêb d b iuojkbohgdotb lh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf (jhr`h mbrèrkh, turob, abrohlh, h`ruphgdotbs ld jrkhoàhs d hvhfkhàêb) d h ibrghàêb lbs prbiksskbohks qud htuhg odssh èrdh, juahs hftdrhàôds dstêb jbotklhshàêb oh hrtkjufhlh Fdk o.± 8>.0;9/8:, qud hftdrbu Fdk o± ;.:;;. H dlujhàêb koihotkf, prkgdkrh dthph lh dlujhàêb nèskjh, t dg dg jbgb ikohfklhld b ldsdovbfvkgdotb kotd`rhf lh jrkhoàh ld htë 4 (jkojb) hobs, dg sdus hspdjtbs içskjb, pskjbfú`kjb, kotdfdjtuhf d sbjkhf, jbgpfdgdotholb h hàêb lh  ihgçfkh d lh jbguoklhld.  Hrt.:3. H dlujhàêb koihotkf sdrè bidrdjklh dg1 K - jrdjmds, bu dotklhlds dotklhl ds dqukvhfdotds, phrh jrkhoàhs ld htë trás hobs ld klhld5 KK - prë-dsjbfhs, phrh hs jrkhoàhs ld < (quhtrb) h 4 (jkojb) hobs ld klhld.  Hrt.:8. H dlujhàêb koihotkf sdrè br`hokzhlh ld hjbrlb jbg hs sd`ukotds sd`ukotds rd`rhs jbguos1  K - hvhfkhàêb gdlkhotd hjbgphomhgdotb d rd`kstrb lb ldsdovbfvkgdotb lhs jrkhoàhs, sdg b bnadtkvb ld prbgbàêb, gdsgb phrh b hjdssb hb doskob iuolhgdothf5  KK - jhr`hdlujhjkbohf5 mbrèrkh gçokgh houhf ld =33 (bktbjdoths) mbrhs, lkstrknuçlh pbr ug gçokgb ld >33 (luzdotbs) lkhs ld trhnhfmb  KKK - htdolkgdotb ã jrkhoàh ld, ob gçokgb, < (quhtrb) mbrhs lkèrkhs phrh b turob phrjkhf d ld 0 (sdtd) mbrhs phrh h  abrohlh kotd`rhf5  KY - jbotrbfd ld irdquáojkh pdfh p dfh kostktukàêb kostk tukàêb ld dlujhàêb prë-dsjbfhr, dxk`klh h irdquáojkh gçokgh gçok gh ld l d 93% 93 % (sdssdoth  pbr jdotb) lb tbthf ld mbrhs5 Y - dxpdlkàêb ld lbjugdothàêb qud pdrgkth htdsthr h tdsthr bs prbjdssbs ld ldsdovbfvkgdotb d hp hprdolkzh`dg rdolkzh`dg lh jrkhoàh.‗  jrkhoàh.‗ 

Zbnrd h ibrghàêb phrh h htuhàêb oh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf, h FLN dsthndfdjd1 ‖Hrt. 9>. H ibrghàêb ld lbjdotds phrh htuhr  oh  oh dlujhàêb nèskjh ihr-sd-è dg oçvdf supdrkbr, dg jursb ld fkjdojkhturh, ld `rhluhàêb pfdoh, dg uokvdrsklhlds d kostktutbs supdrkbrds ld dlujhàêb, hlgktklh, jbgb ibrghàêb gçokgh phrh b dxdrjçjkb lb gh`kstërkb oh dlujhàêb koihotkf d obs 4 (jkojb) prkgdkrbs hobs lb doskob iuolhgdothf, h bidrdjklh dg oçvdf gëlkb oh gblhfklhld obrghf.‗  obrghf.‗ 

Hs Lkrdtrkzds lkspôdg qud, oh trhoskàêb phrh b Doskob Iuolhgdothf, oh dthph lh Srë-Dsjbfh, h Srbpbsth Sdlh`ú`kjh lh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ldvd prdvdr ibrghs phrh `hrhotkr h jbotkouklhld lb prbjdssb ld hprdolkzh`dg d ldsdovbfvkgdotb lhs jrkhoàhs, rdspdktholb hs dspdjkikjklhlds dtèrkhs, sdg hotdjkphàêb ld jbotdñlbs qud sdrêb trhnhfmhlbs ob Doskob Iuolhgdothf. Hfëg lkssb, ldikod jbgb prkojçpkbs1 ‖Hrt. 9± Hs prbpbsths pdlh`ú`kjhs ld D lujhàêb lujhàêb Koihotkf ldvdg rdspdkthr bs sd`ukotds prkojçpkbs1

 

   K - Ëtkjbs1 lh hutbobgkh, lh rdspboshnkfklhld, lh sbfklhrkdlhld d lb rdspdktb hb ndg jbgug, hb gdkb hgnkdotd d ãs lkidrdotds jufturhs, kldotklhlds d sko`ufhrklhlds.  KK - Sbfçtkjbs1 lbs lkrdktbs ld jklhlhokh, lb dxdrjçjkb lh jrktkjklhld d lb rdspdktb ã brldg ldgbjrètkjh.  KKK - D stëtkjbs stëtkjbs1 lh sdosknkfklhld, lh jrkhtkvklhld, lh fulkjklhld d lh fkndrlhld ld dxprdssêb ohs lkidrdotds ghokidsthàôds hrtçstkjhs d jufturhks.‗  jufturhks.‗ 

H Fdk Idldrhf o± 8:.334, qud dsthndfdjd b Sfhob Ohjkbohf ld Dlujhàêb-SOD, uokvdrshfkzh h Dlujhàêb Koihotkf oh Srë-Dsjbfh, htë >389, d hgpfkh h bidrth ld jrdjmds, ld gblb h kojbrpbrhr, ob gçokgb, 43% lhs jrkhoàhs ld htë trás hobs ld klhld, htë b ikohf lh vk`áojkh lb Sfhob, dg >3>< (Gdth 8). Zbnrd bs prbiksskbohks lh dlujhàêb, h dstrhtë`kh dsthndfdjd1 ‖8.=) h prbgbàêb lh ibrghàêb kokjkhf d jbotkouhlh lbs Dlujhàêb Koihotkf, `hrhotkolb, prb`rdsskvhgdotd, b htdolkgdotb pbr    prbiksskbohks jbgprbiksskbohks ibrghàêb ibrghàêb supdrkbr.‗ supdlh rkbr.‗ Jhnd ldsthjhr qud b Sfhob Ohjkbohf ld >338 aè dsthndfdjkh qud ‖dg jkojb hobs, tblbs bs prbidssbrds tdomhg h mhnkfkthàêb dspdjçikjh ld oçvdf gëlkb d, dg ldz hobs, 03% tdomhg ibrghàêb dspdjçikjh ld oçvdf supdrkbr‗. Sbrthotb, hfgdahr qud tblbs bs prbidssbrds tdomhg ibrghà êb dg oçvdf supdrkbr ë ugh qudstêb aè dsthndfdjklh jbgb gdth mè guktbs hobs. Hfëg lbs lkspbsktkvbs fd`hks aè jkthlbs, ë kgpbrthotd gdojkbohr h Fdk Idldrhf o±=39;/;3- Dsthtutb lh Jrkhoàh d lb Hlbfdsjdotd, qud hjbgphomh hs ldikokàôds lh Jbostktukàêb Idldrhf, quhotb hb htdolkgdotb lh jrkhoàh jbgb prkbrklhld hnsbfuth. H dikjèjkh lbs skstdghs ld doskob ob jugprkgdotb lb lkrdktb ã Dlujhàêb Koihotkf pdrphssh odjdsshrkhgdotd pdfh br`hokzhàêb ldstds. H fdk dlujhjkbohf (FLN) lkspôd obs hrtk`bs =±, 83 d 88 sbnrd h br`hokzhàêb d h jbfhnbrhàêb dotrd bs skstdghs ld doskob1 ‖Hrt. =± H Tokêb, bs Dsthlbs, b Lkstrktb Idldrhf d bs Guokjçpkbs br`hokzhrêb, dg rd`kgd ld jbfhnbrhàêb, bs  §rdspdjtkvbs 8± Jhndrèskstdghs ã Tokêbldhdoskob. jbbrldohàêb lh pbfçtkjh ohjkbohf ld dlujhàêb, dl ujhàêb, hrtkjufholb bs lkidrdotds oçvdks d skstdghs d dxdrjdolb iuoàêb obrghtkvh, rdlkstrknutkvh d supfdtkvh dg rdfhàêb ãs ldghks kostîojkhs dlujhjkbohks.  § >± Bs skstdghs ld doskob tdrêb fkndrlhld ld br`hokzhàêb obs tdrgbs ldsth Fdk.‗ 

Ë odssh pdrspdjtkvh qud b Jbosdfmb Guokjkphf ld Dlujhàêb ld Fbolrkoh - JGDF htuhfkzh h Ldfkndrhàêb lh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf phrh b Zkstdgh Guokjkphf ld Doskob. H Jîghrh ldnruàbu-sd thgnëg sbnrd b Shrdjdr JOD/JDN o±>3/>33;, qud idz h ^dvksêb lhs Lkrdtrkzds Jurrkjufhrds Ohjkbohks phrh h Dlujhàêb Koihotkf d sbnrd h fd`ksfh fd`ksfhàêb àêb phrh h Dlujhàêb Ds Dspdjkhf, pdjkhf, pdfh odjdsskl odjdssklhld hld ld htdolkgdotb ãs jrkhoàhs jbg odjdssklhlds dlujhjkbohks dspdjkhks, aè h phrtkr lh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf, jboibrgd dsthndfdjd b Shrdjdr o± 80/>338, Lkrdtrkzds Ohjkbohks phrh h Dlujhàêb Dspdjkhf oh Dlujhàêb Nèskjh d h ^dsbfuàêb o± 333; Lkrdtrkzds Bpdrhjkbohks phrh b Htdolkgdotb dlujhjkbohf Dspdjkhfkzhlb oh Dlujhàêb Nèsjkh, gblhfklhld Dlujhàêb Dspdjkhf d thgnëg dsthndfdjklb pdfh ^dsbfuàêb o± 383 qud Ldikod Lkrdtrkzds Ju Jurrkjufhrds rrkjufhrds  Ohjkbohks @drhks phrh h Dlujhàêb Nèskjh, Jhpçtufb KK, sdàêb KK, lh ^dsbfuàêb ld Dlujhàêb Nèskjh qud trhth dxjfuskvhgdotd lh Dlujhàêb Dspdjkhf. B dsthndfdjkgdotb lh klhld ld ko`rdssb ob Doskob Iuolhgdothf, thgnëg hidth lkrdthgdotd h fd`ksfhàêb lh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf. B Shrdjdr JOD/JDN o± 88/>383, hprbvhlb dg 0/0/>383, Lkrdtrkzds Jurrkjufhrds Ohjkbohks phrh b Doskob Iuolhgdothf ld ; (obvd) hobs, dsthndfdjd sbnrd h klhld ld ko`rdssb1 ‖B Doskob Iuolhgdothf jbg lurhàêb ld ; (obvd) hobs hnrho`d h  h   pbpufhàêb oh ihkxh dtèrkh lbs 9 (sdks) hbs 8< (quhtbrzd) hobs ld klhld d sd dstdold, thgnëg, h tblbs bs qud oh klhld prúprkh oêb tkvdrhg jbolkàôd jbolkàôdss ld irdqudotèfb. Ë bnrk`htúrkh h ghtrçjufh ob Doskob Iuolhgdothf ld jrkhoàhs jbg 9 (sd (sdks) ks) hobs jbgpfdtbs bu h jbgpfdthr htë b lkh :8 ld ghràb lb hob dg qud bjbrrdr h ghtrçjufh, obs tdrgbs lh Fdk d lhs obrghs ohjkbohks vk`dotds. Hs jrkhoàhs qud jbgpfdthrdg 9 (sdks) hobs hpús dssh lhth ldvdrêb sdr ghtrkjufhlhs oh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf (Srë-Dsjbfh). H jhr`h mbrèrkh gçokgh houhf lb Doskob Iuolhgdothf rd`ufhr sdrè ld =33 (bktbjdoths) mbrhs rdfú`kb, lkstrknuçlhs dg, pdfb gdobs, >33 (luzdotbs) lkhs ld didtkvb trhnhfmb dsjbfhr.‗

H lksjussêb sbnrd b jbrtd dtèrkb thgnëg ibk pdrgdhlh pbr trhgkthàêb ld prbjdssb aulkjkhf prbpbstb  pdfb Gkokstërkb   Sñnfkjb Idldrhf dg ihjd- ld TokêbY> Idldrhf, h quf dosdabu h Hàêbrd`ufhr Jkvkf Sñnfkjh o±4333933>4.3=, kojksb Y d § 8±, lh Jbostktukàêb Idldrhf d lbs hrtk`bs 4± d :> lh Fdk ;.:;3.83.>383, dlkthlhs pdfh Jîghrh ld Dlujhàêb Nèskjh lb Jbosdfmb Ohjkbohf ld Dlujhàêb, ndg jbgb ld butrbs htbs hlvkolbs ld úr`êbs kotd`rhotds lbs Dsthlbs rdqudrklbs qud rdprbluzkrhg rd`rhgdotb rdstrktkvb sdgdfmhotd5 (n) ldtdrgkohr   hbs rdqudrklbs - d,  kojfuskvd dg sdld hotdjkphtúrkh, aè ob hob fdtkvb ld >384   - qud prbgbvhg h rdhvhfkhàêb lbs jrktërkbs ld hlgkssêb lbs hfuobs hb prkgdkrb hob lb doskob iuolhgdothf, `hrhotklb, dg dspdjkhf ( d  sd  sdg g hihs ihstthgdot otb b ld but utrbs rbs jrk jrktë tërkrk bs l ldd kojfusê kojfusêb ), b hjdssb ld jrkhoàhs jbg sdks hobs kojbgpfdtbs oobb koçjkb lb hob fdtkvbtdrgbs qud jbgprbvdg jhphjklhld thotb,Hgdlkhotd pskjbpdlh`ú`kjh.  Obs hjkgh ldfkodhlbs, JBOJDLB JBphrh OJDLB HO\DJKhvhfkhàêb SHÀÊB LBZ DI D K \BZ \BZ LH \T\DFH \T\DFH   phrh1 (h) ldtdrgkohr   qud bs rdqudrklbs dstruturdg hldquhlhgdotd sdus skstdghs ld doskob, h ikg ld htdoldr, dg suh pfdoktuld, b lkrdktb

 p  prds rdstthjkb jkboh ohff dsp dspddjkikjh jkik jhl lb ob lkspbsktkvb kspbsktkvb lh prdsd rdsdot otdd sdot sdotddoàh aè h phrtkr lb hob fd fdttkvb ld >384 >384 (sd (sdg g hihst ihsth hgdot otb b ld butrbs jrk jr k të tërr k bs hgpfkhtkvbs hgpfkhtkvbs ld kojfusêb k ojfusêb hb dosk doskob ob iuolh iu olhgd gdothf othf )5  )5 (n) ihj  ihjuft ufth hr  , ldsld fb`b, hbs hb s Zkstdghs ld Doskob lh èrdh ld hnrho`áojkh lb \^I lh 4.>38:.384, b Ldsdgnhr`hlbr ^dfhtbr, Aukz Idldrhf Fuçs Hfndrtb L'Hzdvdlb Hurvhffd, dg suh rdfhtbrkh d vbtb dxpôd qud1 ‖B GKOK Z\Ë^KB Z\Ë^KB SÑNFKJB IDLD^HF haukzbu Hàêb Jkvkf Sñnfkjh dg ihjd lh TOKÊB, oh quhf sd bnadtkvh h jboldohàêb lbs rëus dg bnrk`hàêb ld ihzdr, jboskstdotd oh rdhvhfkhàêb lbs jrktërkbs ld hlgkssêb lbs hfuobs hb  prkgdkrb hob lb doskob iuolhgdothf, phrh qud sdah `hrhotklb, dg dspdjkhf, b hjdssb ld jrkhoàhs jbg sdks hobs kojbgpfdtbs (hokvdrshrkhotds htë ldzdgnrb lb rdspdjtkvb hob), qud jbgprbvdg jhphjklhld kotdfdjtuhf gdlkhotd hvhfkhàêb pskjbpdlh`ú`kjh. Ohrrh qud, hb kotdrprdthr lkspbskàôds lh Fdk ld Lkrdtrkzds d Nhsds lh Dlujhàêb, b Jbosdfmb Ohjkbohf ld Dlujhàêb dlktbu h ^dsbfuàêb JOD/JDN o³ 8, ld 8383, dsthndfdjdolb qud sbgdotd jrkhoàhs jbg sdks hobs ld klhld jbgpfdthlbs htë :8 ld ghràb lb hob dg qud bjbrrdr h ghtrçjufh pbldg tdr hjdssb hb  prkgdkrb hob lb doskob iuolhgdothf - rd`rh hpdohs dxjdpjkbohlh obs hobs ld >383 d >388, dg qud sd hlgktku h ghtrçjufh ob doskob iuolhgdothf ld jrkhoàhs qud jbgpfdthssdg sdks hobs ld klhld hpús b koçjkb lb hob fdtkvb bu ld jrkhoàhs ld jkojb hobs ld klhld jbg ghks ld lbks hobs ld prë-dsjbfh jurshlbs. Zustdoth qud b rd`rhgdotb rdstrktkvb dg qudstêb, hfëg ld oêb pbssukr hgphrb fd`hf, vkbfh `hrhotkhs jbostktujkbohks ld hjdssb hb doskob d, dg dspdjkhf, b  prdjdktb ldfkodhlb pdfb hrtk`b >3=, kojksb Y, lh Jbostktukàêb Idldrhf. Jboskldrh qud h jhphjklhld ld hprdolkzh`dg ld thks jrkhoàhs ldvh sdr hvhfkhlh kolkvkluhfgdotd d oêb `dodrkjhgdotd, ndg jbgb qud oêb sd gbstrh suikjkdotd, phrh thf didktb, h hlbàêb ld skgpfds jrktërkb jrbobfú`kjb. ^dqudrdu h hotdjkphàêb lbs didktbs lh tutdfh, ndg jbgb h htrknukàêb ld dikjèjkh ohjkbohf hb prbvkgdotb aurkslkjkbohf prbidrklb, dg vkrtuld lh ohturdzh lb lkrdktb pfdktdhlb.  Auf`hlb pbr dssh \urgh ob sdotklb ld ikxhr h hnrho`áojkh ob hgnktb ld htuhàêb lb \^I33;, hgpfkbu b ldvdr jbostktujkbohf lb Dsthlb rdfhtkvb ã dlujhàêb d prbvbjbu hftdrhàôds quhotb hb lkrdktb ã dlujhàêb. Ldotrd hs gblkikjhàôds rdhfkzhlhs, ldsthjh-sd h obvh rdlhàêb lbs kojksbs K d KY lb hrt. >3=1  Hrt. >3=. B ldvdr lb Dsthlb jbg h dlujhàêb sdrè didtkvhlb gdlkhotd h `hrhotkh ld1  K - dlujhàêb nèsk nèskjh jh bnrk`htúrkh b nrk`htúrkh d `rhtukth lbs < (U...W) hbs 80 (U...W) hobs ld klhld, hssd`urhlh kojfuskvd suh bidrth  `rhtukth phrh tblbs bs qud h dfh oêb tkvdrhg hjdssb oh klhld prúprkh5 U...W  KY - dlujhàêb koihotkf, dg jrdjmd d prë-dsjbfh, ãs jrkhoàhs htë 4 (U (U...W) ...W) hobs ld klhld5 U...W. ...  Ldvklb ã trhosibrghàêb ob hrd`kgd dlujhjkbohf bpdrhlh,h quhf jbgbldvdvkstb hjkgh, odjdssèrkb obvh rd`ufhgdothàêb phrh kgpfhothr dlujhàêb nèskjh bnrk`htúrkh, jbgdàhr hbs 383, d h ^dsbfuàêb 9, ld >3 ld butunrb ld >383 bnadtkvhg bpdrhjkbohfkzhr h ghtrçjufh oh prë-dsjbfh d ob doskob iuolhgdothf, ld hjbrlb jbg hs gulhoàhs bjbrrklhs ob

 

  brldohgdotb aurçlkjb, ld ibrgh h pdrgktkr qud h vbothld lb pbldr jbostktukotd ldrkvhlb d lb fd`ksfhlbr sd didtkvd,  `hrhotkolb h jbotkouklhld lh dlujhàêb nèskjh, ohs suhs trás dthphs.  Hsskg, oêb vdrkikjb bidosh hb prkojçpkb lh ksbobgkh, pbks hs rdsbfuàôds pbssudg jhrètdr ohjkbohf d ldvdg sdr hpfkjhlhs dg tblbs bs dsthlbs d guokjçpkbs lh Idldrhàêb, ld gblb h uokibrgkzhr b ko`rdssb oh dlujhàêb nèskjh. \blbs bs nrhskfdkrbs, ohs gdsghs jbolkàôds d klhlds, rdspdkthlbs bs ghrjbs qud hs rdsbfuàôds kgpusdrhg, sdrêb trhthlbs ld ghodkrh kláotkjh ob hjdssb ã dlujhàêb, ld gblb qud sd bnsdrvhrè rk`brbshgdotd h ksbobgkh. l) Ydlhàêb ld Kotdrvdoàêb Aulkjkhf oh Hlgkokstrhàêb  Dotdolb jbg rhzêb bs hpdfhotds, ob pbotb, thotb qud aè mhvkh gd ghokidsthlb oobb gdsgb sdotklb hb prbidrkr h ldjksêb qud hotdjkpbu bs didktbs lh tutdfh h ikg ld qud hs hpdfhàôds ibssdg rdjdnklhs dg lupfb sdotklb1  H sdotdoàh rdjbrrklh kgpbrth dg kovhsêb oh lksjrkjkbohrkdlhld lb htb hlgkokstrhtkvb. hlgkok strhtkvb. Brh, bndldjklh h fd`ksfhàêb f d`ksfhàêb ld rd`áojkh hjdrjh lh klhld phrh jurshr b doskob iuolhgdothf (9 hobs), h ikxhàêb ld ugh lhth phrh h ghtrçjufh lh jrkhoàh oh dsjbfh d h jrkhàêb ld jrktërkbs ld hlgkssêb ob doskob iuolhgdothfdg ldvd dxdrjklhkotdrprdtholb/hpfkjholb pdfb Sbldr Dxdjutkvb.  H fd`ksfhàêb hpfkjhlh hb jhsb ibk hprbvhlh pdfbs obssbs fd`ksfhlbrds, b sdr Aulkjkèrkb dotdolkgdotb lkvdrsb, dsthrkh sdolb fd`ksfhlbr pbsktkvb, hirbotholb bs prkojçpkbs lh fd`hfklhld d lh trkphrtkàêb lhs  iuoàôds dsththks.  H htuhàêb lb Sbldr Aulkjkèrkb sd jkrjuosjrdvd hb jhgpb lh rd`ufhrklhld lb prbjdlkgdotb d ã fd`hfklhld lb htb,  sdolb-fmd ldidsb quhfqudr kojursêb ob gërktb hlgkokstrhtkvb d thgpbujb htuhr jbgb fd`ksfhlbr.  Hsskg, mhvdolb prdvksêb fd`hf, dotdolb qud oêb jhnd hb Aulkjkèrkb ikxhr butrb rdquksktb h sdr jugprklb pdfh  Hlgkokstrhàêb oh ghtrçjufh lhs jrkhoàhs.  Odssd phssb, p hssb, rdsth ldgbostrhlh h kovkhnkfklhld lh prdtdosêb vdkjufhlh, juab jbfmkgdotb ldpdoldrkh lh htuhàêb lb  Sbldr Aulkjkèrkb jbgb hutáotkjb fd`ksfhlbr pbsktkvb. d) Ldvdr ld Bnsdrvhr b Srkojçpkb lh l h ^dsdrvh lb Sbssçvdf.  Obs tdrgbs lb qud vág ldjklklb bs \rknuohks Sètrkbs, hlgktd-sd h ldtdrgkohàêb hb Sbldr Sñnfkjb phrh qud kgpfdgdotd jbojrdthgdotd hf`uos lkrdktbs jbostktujkbohfgdotd hssd`urhlbs hbs jklhlêbs, htë gdsgb pbr gdkb ld  sdqudstrb ld vhfbrds obs bràhgdotbs lbs dotds dotds idldrhlbs.  Ob dothotb, thks gdlklhs sêb jbojdlklhs, sdgprd, sbn h rdsshfvh lh odjdssklhld ld sd bnsdrvhr h 'rdsdrvh lb pbssçvdf', ld gblb qud oêb sd kovkhnkfkzd, pbr gdkb lb htdolkgdotb ld ugh odjdssklhld kolkvkluhf bu htdolkgdotb ld pbujbs, h rdhfkzhàêb ld butrhs vèrkhs pbfçtkjhs pñnfkjhs ldstkohlhs h tblh h jbfdtkvklhld.  Hkolh, dg thks sd prbjdld h ughhjbgphrhàêb dotrdsdrvkàbs h ldosklhld lb lkrdktb qud sd bnadtkvh vdr kgdlkhthgdotd jbojrdtkzhlb d hsktuhàôds pbssknkfklhld ld prdauçzb tblbs bs ldghks pñnfkjbs dvdotuhfgdotd htko`klbs.  Lkhotd lkssb, tdomb qud h oêb utkfkzhàêb lb rdquksktb dtèrkb jbgb ibrgh ld doquhlrhgdotb lh dlujhàêb nèskjh htrhk h hpfkjhnkfklhld lh tdbrkh lh rdsdrvh lb ikohojdkrhgdotd pbssçvdf, vkstb qud b Dsthlb dsthrkh bnrk`hlb h rdhfkzhr hvhfkhàôds pskjbpdlh`ú`kjhs dspdjçikjhs dg gkfmôds ld jrkhoàhs phrh hvhfkhr h jhphjklhld kotdfdjtuhf, ghturklhld, ldsdovbfvkgdotb pskjbfú`kjb, ldotrd butrbs rdquksktbs.  Lkhotd lkssb, tdomb qud h oêb utkfkzhàêb utk fkzhàêb lb rdquksktb dtèrkb jbgb ibrgh lldd doquhlrhgdotb lh dlujhàêb nèskjh htrhk h hpfkjhnkfklhld lh tdbrkh lh rdsdrvh lb ikohojdkrhgdotd pbssçvdf, vkstb qud b Dsthlb dsthrkh bnrk`hlb h rdhfkzhr hvhfkhàôds pskjbpdlh`ú`kjhs dspdjçikjhs dg gkfmôds ld jrkhoàhs phrh hvhfkhr h jhphjklhld kotdfdjtuhf, ghturklhld, ldsdovbfvkgdotb pskjbfú`kjb, ldotrd butrbs rdquksktbs.  D rdhikrgb b gdu dotdolkgdotb, prbidrklb oh ldjksêb prkgdkrh ldssd prbjdssb, ld qud sdrêb odjdssèrkbs `hstbs vbfugbsbs phrh sd hpfkjhr h rdidrklh hvhfkhàêb, ugh vdz qud oêb sd trhth ld skgpfds hvhfkhàêb h sdr idkth pdfb sdrvkàb  pdlh`ú`kjb lh dsjbfh.  Dssh hvhfkhàêb dovbfvd prbiksskbohks ld vèrkhs vèrkh s èrdhs. \hf oê oêbb bjbrrd odg dg phçsds llktbs ktbs ldsdovbfvklbs, dg ihjd lb justb phrh Hlgkokstrhàêb. Hfkès h ghkbrkh lbs phçsds sd utkfkzh ld ug jrktërkb dtèrkb phrh dsthndfdjdr quholb suhs jrkhoàhs ldvdg kokjkhr h dlujhàêb dsjbfhr.  Shssb h hohfkshr bs dgnhr`bs ld ldjfhrhàêb bpbstb pdfb Gkokstërkb Sñnfkjb Idldrhf dg ihjd ld ldjksêb pbr gkg  prbidrklh ob dvdotb 831ugh vdz qud h ldjksêb ob HK 4388843833;). Odstd pdrjursb lh  prkgdkrh dthph lh dlujhàêb koihotkf, h prdvksêb lh jbotkouklhld lb prbjdssb ld hprdolkzh`dg d ldsdovbfvkgdotb lhs jrkhoàhs, rdspdkthlhs suhs dspdjkikjklhlds dtèrkhs, ldvd rdsphflhr-sd odstds dkxbs ob trhnhfmb dlujhjkbohf sdg hotdjkphàêb ld jbotdñlbs qud sdrêb trhnhfmhlbs ob Doskob Iuolhgdothf, jbotulb, jboskldrholb h hoèfksd ld quhks sêb hs pbssknkfklhlds jbfbjhlhs phrh b ldsdovbfvkgdotb koihotkf odssh ihkxh dtèrkh d quhf h jbotrknukàêb lh dlujhàêb kostktujkbohfkzhlh oh lkrdàêb lbs kotdrdssds lh jrkhoàh lb pbotb ld

 

  vksth mkstúrkjb d sbjkhf. Sbrthotb, dsth kolkjhàêb brkdoth hjdrjh lh odjdssklhld ld hssd`urhr qud h trhoskàêb lh dlujhàêb koihotkf phrh b doskob iuolhgdothf bjbrrh sdg rupturhs d kgphjtbs od`htkvbs ob prbjdssb ld dsjbfhrkzhàêb lh jrkhoàh.  jrkhoàh.  Bnsdrvbu-sd ug hvhoàb ohs brkdothàôds bikjkhks sbnrd h hvhfkhàêb , quholb obrghtkzbu qud hs kostktukàôds ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ldvdg jrkhr prbjdlkgdotbs phrh hjbgphomhgdotb lb trhnhfmb pdlh`ú`kjb d  phrh hvhfkhàêb lb ldsdovbfvkgdo ldsdovbfvkgdotb tb lhs jrkhoàhs, sdg bnadtkvb ld sdfdàêb, prbgbàêb bu jfhsskikjhàêb. jfhsskikjhàêb.   H hvhfkhàêb tdg jbgb rdidráojkh bs bnadtkvbs dsthndfdjklbs ob prbadtb pdlh`ú`kjb lh kostktukàêb. kostktukàêb . Dvkldojkh-sd ob prbjdssb hvhfkhtkvb, qud hs dxpdjthtkvhs jbg rdfhàêb ãs jrkhoàhs ldvdg jboskldrhr bs tdgpbs ld hprdolkzh`dg d hs sko`ufhrklhlds ld jhlh ugh. H jrkhoàh jbg ldikjkáojkh, pbr dxdgpfb, koldpdoldotd ld suh sdrè hvhfkhlh ld hjbrlbldjbg hs suhs pbtdojkhfklhlds. jbomdjdr h jrkhoàh jbolkàêb phrh bldikjkáojkh, pfhodahgdotb lhs htkvklhlds gblb ghks ihvbrèvdf hbsSbrthotb, prbpúsktbs koihotks d ãs ë hprdolkzh`dos jbfdtkvhgdotd trhnhfmhlhs. trhnhfmhlhs.  Odsth pdrspdjtkvh dlujhjkbohf b dlujhlbr hssugd phpdf iuolhgdothf doquhotb h`dotd gdlkhlbr lb  prbjdssb ld hprdolkzh`dg lkrdjkboholb h jbostruàêb jbostruàêb lb jbomdjkgdotb ld ibrgh lkhfú`kjh. H rdspboshnkfklhld rdspboshnkfklhld lbjdotd dxk`d h rdifdxêb jbosthotd sbnrd suh prètkjh pdlh`ú`kjh, ldnhtdolb jbg sdus phrds, lkhfb`holb jbg hs ihgçfkhs d hprbiuolholb jbomdjkgdotbs phrh b trhnhfmb qud ldsdovbfvd. Yksholb qud b trhnhfmb dlujhjkbohf tdomh quhfklhld, kojfuk-sd kojfuk-sd h ibrghàêb jbotkouhlh jbg jbgbb hàêb lh ghotdodlbrh lhs kost kostktukàôds ktukàôds ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf qud ldvd prbpkjkhr hprbiuolhgdotb lhs tdgètkjhs dlujhjkbohks d hpbkhr-sd ough rdifdxêb sbnrd h  prètkjh dlujhtkvh, prbgbvdolb ug prbjdssb jbosthotd ld hvhfkhàêb qud brkdotd h jbostruàêb jbotçouh ld jbgpdtáojkhs prbiksskbohks, doquhotb lkrdktb ld tblbs bs prbidssbrds d `dstbrds. Shrh ikohfkzhr, rdsshfth-sd qud gdsgb lkhotd ld hf`uos hvhoàbs oh èrdh lh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf, jbosththg-sd ldshikbs h sdrdg doirdothlbs, jboskldrholb dotrd dfds h nusjh ld ghkbr jbomdjkgdotb lh tdgètkjh, h odjdssklhld ld hprbiuolhgdotb ld hoèfksds d prbpbskàôds vksholb qud h kgpfdgdothàêb lhs  pbfçtkjhs pñnfkjhs, h hoèfksd hoèfksdldh quhfklhld rdspdktb lhldiuoàêb lhs kostktukàôds jbolkàôds kàôds qud ihvbrdjdg ugh dlujhàêb gblbsbjkhf h ndod ndodikjkhr ikjkhr h ibrghàêbldlhdlujhàêb jrkhoàh. jrkhoàh. koihotkf d hs jbol H prdsdotd kolkjhàêb phuth-sd oh jbojdpàêb ld qud h jrkhoàh tdg b sdu phpdf sbjkhf ob prbjdssb dlujhjkbohf, qud jbg sdu pbldr ld kgh`kohàêb, ihothskh d jrkhàêb, prbluz jufturh d pbssuk ug bfmhr jrçtkjb lkhotd lb guolb. Sbrthotb, jboskldrh qud h rdifdxêb hjdrjh lh quhfklhld oh Dlujhàêb Koihotkf, prkojkphfgdotd, b jbojdktb ld quhfklhld d suhs kgpfkjhàôds ob jbotdxtb dlujhjkbohf dstdahg sdgprd dg lksjussêb. ^dsshfth qud sdolb h Dlujhàêb Koihotkf ug lkrdktb pñnfkjb hssd`urhlb phrh tblhs hs jrkhoàhs, koldpdoldotd ld suhs sko`ufhrklhlds, dotdoldolb qud dfhs tág sdus lkrdktbs d prdjkshg vkvdojkhr suh jklhlhokh ldsld tdorh klhld, vksholb qud sdahg pdoshlbrds, hprdolhg h rdifdtkr, h trhnhfmhr dg dqukpd d h jbostrukr vksôds jbgphrtkfmhlhs jbg butrbs, d, quhotb ghks jdlb kssb hjbotdjdr, gdfmbr sdrè  sdrè phrh  phrh b sdu ldsdovbfvkgdotb ldsdovbfvkgdotb pdssbhf d sbjkhf. H Jîghrh ld Dlujhàêb Nèskjh dojhgkomh hb Sfdob phrh h hprdjkhàêb d hprbvhàêb h prdsdotd Ldfkndrhàêb ld Dlujhàêb Koihotkf lb Zkstdgh Guokjkphf ld Doskob ld Fbolrkoh. Ë h Kolkjhàêb.