Delhi CDP_Pgs 1-172

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN DELHI

October, 2006

Department of Urban Development Government of Delhi

IL&FS Ecosmart Limited, New Delhi

Executive Summary

IL&FS ECOSMART

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION

J

awaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) focuses on (i) improving and

augmenting the economic and social infrastructure of cities; (ii) ensuring basic services to the urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices; (iii) initiating wide-ranging urban sector reforms whose primary aim is to eliminate legal, institutional and financial constraints that have impeded management of, and investment in, urban infrastructure and services; and (iv) strengthening municipal governments and their functioning in accordance with the provisions of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act, 1992.

JNNURM comprises of two sub-missions, namely (i) Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance, including water supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid waste management, urban transport, redevelopment of core areas, development of heritage, and environment. (ii) Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the Urban Poor, including shelter, infrastructure services and related civic amenities The Government of India has proposed substantial assistance through the JNNURM to the selected Mission cities. All mission cities are expected to formulate a City Development Plan (CDP). The CDP is based on an assessment of the existing situation, and outlines a vision for development, strategies for achieving this; indicative investment requirements and financial operating plans, indicating how investments made are to be sustained. The CDP will facilitate identification of projects. The ULBs/ parastatal agencies will be required to prepare DPR for the projects. The current status of sectors covered under JNNURM for Delhi are presented below

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City Assessment: Urban Infrastructure and Governance

The National Capital Territory, Delhi (NCTD) area consists of the following three municipal areas• New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) area at the core, spread over an area of 42.74 km2 • Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) area, occupying 1,397 sq. kms, or 94 % of the area of the city. • Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) area between the Airport and the NDMC area, spread over an area of 42.97 km2 In 1999, the urban area of Delhi was 701.62 sq. kms (47.3 % of NCTD area). This is proposed to be increased to 977.91 sq. kms, or 66 % of the total area, by 2021. The CDP addresses the urban area of the NCTD as a whole. Detailed assessments for the NDMC and DCB areas may be taken up at a later date, and incorporated into the document.

E.1.1

Land and Urban Growth Management

The DDA is responsible for guiding planned development in Delhi, through successive Master Plans (1962, 1982 and 2001). It is also the sole agency mandated to develop and dispose of land in the city. The growth of the city over the years has been on a ring and radial pattern, with reliance on road based transport. The development envisaged by previous Master Plans was poly-nodal with a hierarchy of commercial centres located on either ring or radial roads. The DDA, however, has been unable to meet forecasted demands for housing, commercial and industrial space, resulting in large scale unauthorized development, and areas with non-conforming land uses. Only an estimated 30 % of the city’s population lives in planned areas. The poor have borne the brunt of the shortage. In Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY spite of growing pressure on land resources, there are large tracts of underused land within the central city. A majority of these are government lands bearing low density (2 storey structures) and old housing. Only 30-35% of government employees have been accommodated within these areas. The lack of formal access to appropriate housing has led to the genesis of unauthorized colonies in Delhi. Currently, there are around 1432 unauthorized colonies providing shelter to around 30 lakh people. Unauthorised colonies have being regularized twice in Delhi: in 1961 when over 100 colonies were regularized and in 1977 when around 600 colonies where regularized. 165 urban villages and 52 census towns form part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD). These urban villages have undergone significant physical and functional transformation related to their specific location. Key Issues in growth management are listed below: • • • • •

Increasing gap between demand and supply of appropriate housing and infrastructure Encroachments in urban villages Exploitation of agricultural land for unauthorized development Inadequate supply of appropriate commercial and industrial space, resulting in non-conforming land uses. Lack of Linkage between Physical Planning Strategy and Financial Planning

E.1.2

Water Supply

DJB is the agency of the Govt. of NCT of Delhi responsible for procurement, treatment, transportation and distribution of water in the MCD areas. It also supplies bulk water to the NDMC, and Delhi Cantonment Board. Water requirements for an estimated population of 16.5 million in 2006 is 990 MGD At present DJB, is equipped to produce 735 MGD of water from 11 Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) and ground water abstraction from 446 tube wells & ranney wells. The per capita availability of water is one of the highest among urban areas. In spite of this, water is supplied for only a few hours in the day. Moreover, norms of supply to different zones vary, and areas at the end of the distribution system receive little water. About 20 per cent of the city’s population is not covered by piped water supply. In the absence of piped water supply from DJB, there has been extensive abstraction of ground water. The issues related to the status of water supply summarized below: • • •

Unaccounted for water losses are estimated at 42% (16% in transmission and 24% in distribution) There are wide variations in supply, both within and between supply zones Lack of adequate management systems.

E.1.3

Sewerage and Sanitation

The DJB is also responsible for the management of the sewer system in MCD areas; and collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of sewage from MCD areas, NDMC & DCB areas. The length of sewers in the city is 7000 kms. The sewage generation in Delhi has been estimated at 800 MGD against the present installed treatment capacity of 512.6 MGD. Thus there is a gap of almost 300 MGD in treatment of waste water1.There are 18 sewage treatment plants (STP’s) in the city, varying from 3–45 years in age. This has resulted in a loss of treatment efficiency. The issues related to the status of Sewerage are presented below: • • • • •

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An estimated 530 MGD of untreated sewage is discharged into the river Yamuna. Due to network deficiencies, there is an overflow from sewers into storm water drains. Trunk sewers are considerably silted, requiring desilting & repair to restore their capacity in a time bound manner. The city’s STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations are several years old - leading to reduced efficiency. Upgrading conveyance system needs to be undertaken, for full capacity utilization of Common Effluent Treatment Plants. Waste water generation being estimated at 80% of piped water supply; and estimated ground water extraction.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

E.1.4

Solid Waste Management

The conservancy and sanitation department of MCD is responsible for the collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste in the city. The total quantum of solid waste generated per day in Delhi is estimated to be 7,700 MT. Of this, an estimated 6000MT are collected and disposed. Currently, different types of waste streams in the city, including municipal waste, bio-medical waste, construction debris, industrial waste slaughter house waste, electronic waste…etc are all mixed. Waste from different parts of the city is transported to three landfill sites, located at Gazipur, Balaswa and Okhla. The issues related to the status of Solid Waste in city are summarized below: • • •

The existing landfills (dump-sites) are almost full. They need to be closed immediately in a scientific manner, and new sanitary landfills (SLF) need to be developed and commissioned at the earliest possible. Treatment of wastes is almost non-existent. Treatment facilities dedicated to different waste streams, to the extent possible, need to be developed Open 'dhalao' (masonry bin) is still the major receptacle for MSW in Delhi. These lead to exposure of the waste to the environment and multiple handling (from depositing of waste to its loading into the collection vehicle)

E.1.5

Traffic and Transportation

The PWD, MCD, DDA, DTTDC and MUD are responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads in the city; whereas urban transport is managed by Transport department. The road network length in Delhi was 28,500 km in March 2001 up three times increase from 8,380 km in 1971-72. The road network comprising of ring and radial pattern has C.P. as focal point with Mathura road, Lal Bhadur Shastri Marg, Aurobindo Marg, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Gurgaon Road (NH 8) Patel road, Shankar road, Rohtak Road, G.T.Road (NH-1), Loni road, Shahadra road, NH 24 bypass forming the radials; and Mahatma Gandhi Road (Ring Road), Outer Ring road, Noida road- Bund road forming the prominent rings. These radial and ring roads serve as major arterials carrying bulk of the traffic in the city. During morning and evening peak hours 55-60 per cent of the major arterials have travel speeds less than 30 kmph, while even in off peak hours 40-45 per cent of major arterials have travel speeds less than 30 kmph. While the large number of signalized intersections in the city has led to excessive travel time and fuel consumption, the construction of fly-overs has only shifted the location of congestion. Urban Delhi is predominantly dependant on road based transport systems as railways caters to only about 1% of local traffic demand (excluding the Metro). The overall capture of public transport services in the city is only 60 per cent of total trips. Of this, the metro currently accounts for 15 per cent. The widespread distribution of employment centers all over the urban space of Delhi has contained the growth in length of trips. Over 33 per cent of total trips are short trips (less than 15 mins duration) The percentage distribution of categories of motor vehicles in Delhi shows that there has been a rapid increase in the number of cars during 1990-2000; while there has been a decline in the other category of vehicles. About two third of motor vehicles are two wheelers, though a decreasing trend in that share has been observed since 1990. On the other hand, due to arrival of low priced small cars and easy financing mechanisms, there is an indication of a shift from two wheelers to cars. The share of cars has increased from 22% in 1991 to 31% in 2005. The issues related to traffic and transportation management in the city are presented below: • • • •

The high growth rate of vehicular traffic volumes on roads causing congestion, delay, safety issues, pollution. The low capture of public transport systems, due to lack of integration of various modes. The need to ensure the safety of pedestrians, who accounting for 55%, of total causalities in accidents (1999). Inadequate parking, leading to congestion and delays on major arterial network.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

E.1.6

Storm Water Drainage

The DJB, MCD and PWD are jointly responsible for the construction and maintenance of drains in the city. Storm water drainage in Delhi is a complex situation, owing to the combination of a number of natural and man-made drainage systems – five drainage basins; large natural drains; storm water drains along roads; and combined sewer-cum-storm water drains (sometimes as a bypass arrangement for blocked sewer lines). Most of the water collected through different drainage systems finally gets discharged into the river Yamuna. The length of natural drains in the city is 350 km carrying discharge of 1000 m3, whereas the total length of drains is 1700 kms spread over 12 municipal zones. The BOD levels of waters in 90 % of city drains indicate that the discharge is comparable to a range of weak to strong domestic sewage. The main issues related to the sector are • • •

Storm water drains carry considerable quantities of raw and untreated effluents Lack of maintenance, leading to chocked drains. Lack of coordination in planning and construction of roads and drains

E.1.7

City Heritage

The ASI, State Dept. of Archaeology, the DDA, MCD, INTACH and DUAC jointly manage the city’s heritage areas. Delhi encompasses a vast range of heritage typologies, including archaeological sites; civic buildings and complexes; religious structures and complexes; historic gardens; hunting lodges; living settlements such as the historic Walled City; the planned city of New Delhi as well as traditional networks associated with systems of water harvesting and management. These heritage resources continue to be of great significance and relevance to any sustainable development planning vision for Delhi. However, heritage in the city suffers from a lack of integration with the planning process and contemporary requirements, as a result of which, it is gradually being degraded and lost. In 1913, there were 411 identified heritage buildings in Zone A, whereas these have reduced to 231 in 2000. This, and other issues related to urban heritage are outlined below: • • •

Lack of integration with development processes in the city Heritage resources are threatened by over-densification, uncontrolled and inappropriate construction due to the non-enforcement of guidelines for development in their vicinity Multiplicity of organizations and lack of effective, coordinated action.

E.1.8

City Environment

The DPCC, CPCB, CGWB, MCD and DJB are responsible for regulating and monitoring the state of the city’s environment. Delhi’s unprecedented rate and scale of urbanization over the last few decades has placed enormous stress on the natural resources of the city. In comparison to the urbanization rate in the last 50 years, the rate of environmental degradation has grown at a much higher rate. This includes the loss of green cover, loss of biodiversity and aesthetics; increasing air pollution, surface and ground water pollution; loss of water bodies, receding water table, high incidence of diseases and mortality. The transport, domestic and industrial sectors are the major contributors to the rise in ambient air pollution levels (although certain background sources such as desert dust also contribute). Most of the 916 lakes, ponds and reservoirs reported to have existed in city have been depleted. Rejuvenation is being taken for a few (Sanjay Lake, Hauz Khas). The most pressing environmental concern is the continued degradation of the river Yamuna, due to the dumping of untreated effluents into its waters. Issues related to the status of city environment are presented below: • Unsustainable extraction of ground water • Weak management of natural resources, leading to degradation of the ridge, the river and surface water bodies Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY •

Air, ground water and noise pollution

E.1.9 Urban Governance The institutional framework for urban management in Delhi consists of a multiplicity of agencies, at both central and state levels, responsible for various aspects of planning, land management, urban infrastructure and its management. The institutions/agencies involved in performing city level functions include Central Government Agencies and State Government Agencies. The issues related to city institutional set up are discussed in Table below Issues

Status

National Functions versus local functions

▪ Delhi, being the National capital, has to serve certain functions directly under the jurisdiction of Central Government. These clashes with the establishment of an effective local government incorporating citizen’s participation. Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi has not been able to implement the 74th Amendment to the Constitution. ƒ Major decisions in planning and implementing the Master Plan are still taken by a Central Government Agency, that is, DDA. ƒ MCD has been trying to introduce the new system of Local Area Plans (LAP), through amendments to Unified Building Byelaws of Delhi. As things stand today, LAP violates the Delhi Development Act 1957 as well as Delhi Municipal Corporation Act. ƒ Since legislation is not enacted by the GNCTD, necessary institutional mechanisms such as the DMPC are not in place.

Implementation of 74th CAA

Overlapping of jurisdiction

Overlapping of functions Other Infrastructure Sectors

ƒ There is a lack of clarity over departmental responsibilities for land use planning, development, maintenance and enforcement. The geographical boundary of the State Government and MCD are co-terminus, and their functions are almost the same. In other cases, administrative and functional sub-divisions do not match. This has resulted in ineffective and uncoordinated decision making and actions. For eg., the boundaries of the revenue districts and the MCD zones do not match. ƒ Delhi Development Authority (DDA) has failed to identify and coordinate with the State Government. ƒ Multiplicity of Organizations ƒ Lack of coordination and no common data base for management ƒ Conflicting and overlapping jurisdictions eg.: three different agencies are responsible for storm water drainage in the city

City Assessment: Basic Services to Urban Poor

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Urban Poor and Slums

In Delhi, as in other urban areas of the country, slums and urban poverty, they are a pressing issue. The percentage of people below poverty line (BPL) stood at 49.61% for Delhi in 1973-74. This figure has declined steadily and stood at 10.02% in 2001. It is reported that 85% of the poor are squatters, and are vulnerable to frequent eviction. 6% of the poor live in rented accommodation and have to pay a substantial portion of their income for rent. Slums in Delhi are classified as (a) Notified Slums in Old Walled City area: There are 319 katras in the Walled City area with about 3,000 buildings or properties. Out of these, 365 properties have been identified as dangerous and therefore require resettlement of inhabitants. (b) JJ Clusters or Squatter settlements: These are scattered all over the city. In Delhi, over 80 percent of lands occupied by slums belong to the DDA. (c) Resettlement Colonies: Under the schemes for resettlement of JJ clusters, 44 resettlement colonies were developed during 1961-77. Around 2.0 Lakh plots were developed accommodating about 2.4 lakh households. These resettlement colonies have degenerated due to intense population pressures and unorganized development. (c) Relocated JJ Clusters: There are around 11 relocation sites such as Bawana, Holambi Kalan, Papan kalan, Rohini, Narela, Savdar Ghevada etc. The most recent relocation, of slums from central, south and east Delhi, has been made to four principal sites - Dwarka (Papan Kalan), Rohini, Narela and Savda Ghevada. Issues related to the urban poor and slums summarized below: •

There is no clear legal framework (Act), or policy to guide interventions in this area

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • •

Their legal security of tenure is diminishing in official rehabilitation programmes over the years There is a low rate of in-situ up-gradation of existing JJ clusters, although this is recommended as the first course of action Over 80% of residents do not have access to infrastructure and public services at relocation sites. In addition, these are far removed from work centers, and lack connectivity

•

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SWOT Analysis

On the basis of the above assessment, an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to the city was undertaken, which informed the vision and strategies for development that were formulated thereafter.

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Strengths

SECTORS

STRENGTHS

Location & Regional Linkages: Delhi is located strategically and connected with key economic nodes in the country. • • •

Seat of all political and administrative power of country. At 95%, highest level of urbanization in the country. It is easily accessible from other mega-cities of the country and other areas of Northern and Western India. The NHDP project, cities connectivity from Western and Eastern Gateways of the country has increased. • Delhi acts as nodal point for collection and distribution of passenger and cargo traffic in Northern India. City Economy: The city’s economy is enjoying a period of high growth •

GSDP is growing at a high growth rate of around 15% (CAGR at current prices-2002-03), with the service/tertiary sector contributing more than 76 per cent towards the economy of the state; • High per capita income at Rs 47,477 (current prices, 2002-03) • High spending capacity / tendency Trade and Commerce: The city has 8 major wholesale and specialized markets of regional importance. Fruit & Vegetable Market, Azadpur and Fish & Meat Market, Gazipur are some of the major distributions centers for commodities in the Northern and North west region of the country. • The city is well connected to regional supply chains • The city is gaining in importance as a centre of retail trade Tourism • World famous tourist destination • Attracts both domestic as well as international tourists. • Gateway to the tourist destination in the northern region such as Jaipur, Ajmer, Agra, Varanasi… etc Heritage • It is famous for its heritage and culture, both built and unbuilt • Walled City of Delhi has 1000 heritage structure and 25 historical monuments. Administrative Reforms: State Government is undertaking various institutional and legislative reforms. • Pro active government • State on a reform path with initiatives such as Bhagidari.

E.3.2

Weaknesses

SECTORS WEAKNESSES Infrastructure: Inadequacies in the water supply, sewerage, solid waste, drainage and transport infrastructure

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SECTORS

WEAKNESSES Lack of solid waste management facilities (for treatment and disposal) in the city leading to indiscriminate dumping of garbage and land pollution. • Existing dumping sites are saturated and no new ones have been developed • Lack of drainage and sewerage network especially in the newly developed areas. • The surface drains are used for carriage of 25-30% sewerage, leading to environment hazards • Lack of infrastructure facilities like water supply, sewerage, road and drainage in the unauthorized colonies; urban villages and colonies developed by private developers. • Inadequate capture public transport system, due to inherent weaknesses, leading to skewed traffic composition on the road network of the city. • Lack of parking space in the city. • Lack of tourism infrastructure facilities • Inadequate public conveniences. • Disposal of untreated industrial wastes and sewage in Yamuna River. Urban Growth and Land Management •

•

Haphazard growth of the city due to lack of provision of developed land and infrastructure. Areas include urban villages; resettlement colonies and unauthorized colonies High population density within the walled city & Extension and East Delhi planning Division. Moreover low density development in RK Puram; Motibagh; Vinay Nagar..etc Rate of Unauthorized developments and illegal land subdivisions are increasing in urban pheriphery and village settlements. Lack of parks and open spaces. Violation of rules, byelaws by the public and residents of walled city- leading to the loss of heritage in the walled city. Overcrowding of businesses and people in the walled city.

• • • • • Conservation • • • • •

Lack of integration of heritage concerns with planning process Lack of proper database management in each sector especially in the Heritage and Infrastructure development. Absence of clear-cut guidelines and responsibilities of various organizations. Lack of awareness among in the city people towards heritage conservation. Ineffective maintenance of heritage sites like Red Fort, Qutab Minar… etc as well as buildings in the walled city and Extension areas.

Urban Environment

Slums and Clusters

JJ

• • • • • • • • • •

Institutional coordination

• • • • •

E.3.3

Degradation of River Yamuna Loss of traditional water systems. Extreme Depletion of ground water. Degraded air quality. Congestion of major arterial roads and commercial area of the city. Contamination of piped water with sewerage. Chocked drains increasing population (& densities) in existing JJ clusters Lack of mechanism for on-going creation of housing for the urban poor (lack of inclusion of urban poor in city development process) Poor infrastructure facilities in both JJ clusters and resettlement colonies and relocation sites; Lack of coordination between central and state government Lack of coordination among various departments like MCD, DDA, PWD, DJB, DUAC etc. Non implementation of 74th CAA in spirit-MCD does not have financial/taxation powers, budget to be approved from Department of Local Self Government. Overlapping jurisdictions between DDA, MCD and NDMC; DDA exercise control over major parts of MCD Area. Overlapping of functions between line departments.

Opportunities

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SECTORS Economic competitiveness

• • • • • •

Proposed Projects

• •

State urban reforms

• • •

Urban Heritage

E.3.4

• •

Threats

SECTORS Economic

Infrastructure

Institutional and fiscal reforms

THREATS Wholesale trade is concentrated in core walled city area, which attracts workers and traders to the central location-leading to deterioration of the city environment • Lack of adequate infrastructure to capitalize on economic opportunities (roads, freight handling facilities … etc) • High population growth can lead to further pressure on the infrastructure sector in the future. Augmentation of trunk services is crucial. • Lack of sewerage system, solid waste management, poor distribution of water can lead to health problems and epidemics in the city. • Poor infrastructure in new areas -- especially in urban extensions and urban villages -- are a threat to quality of life. • Infrastructure provision in the slums is inadequate resulting in very poor living conditions. •

• • •

Conservation

• • •

E.3.5

OPPORTUNITIES With the availability of good connectivity, it can develop as nodal centre linked with other economically vibrant cities. Has potential to attract private developers and FDI in the housing and infrastructure sectors The city has a highly entrepreneurial population High literacy rates High growth areas such as NOIDA and Gurgaon are located in the vicinity Capacity to attract many tourists because of its rich heritage and culture. Can emerge as an “events capital” particularly after the commonwealth games 2010 Commonwealth games-2010 is likely catalyze investment to the tune of Rs 2000 Crore on development of civic infrastructure in the city. Development of Metro Rail and its extension to other DMA towns will resolve issues on inter and intra city connectivity City is initiating reforms in urban governance through implementation of various governance models such Bhagidari Scheme; E-governance; Repeal of ULCR, PPP models for project implementation etc. Institutional reforms being considered for MCD Heightened focus on key issues-urban slums and improvement of basic infrastructure Rich heritage can attract the tourists. The local crafts from across the nation can be show-cased for attracting business and shoppers during events such as Trade Fair and other events organized in city.

Capacity building of all the government organizations if inadequate would result in non implementation of several reforms. Fiscal reforms are a key for carrying out projects and provision of infrastructure in a sustainable manner. Urban Development in the city is the responsibility of Central government; and MCD is under both Central and State Government. These overlapping roles of state and central government have led to a non functional executive system of the city. Lack of repair and maintenance of heritage buildings can lead to rapid deterioration of built fabric in the walled city. Continued negligence of heritage areas can also lead to loss in tourism revenues Walled city and Extension faces threat in the event of disasters both natural as well as man-made.

Vision & Strategies for Development

Delhi’s Vision is defined as follows: To become a highly livable city that offers a superior quality of life through a robust, employment generating economy; that is safe and inclusive, environmentally and socially sustainable; and is based on reliable infrastructure and offers a transparent, responsive system of governance dedicated to the city’s felt needs. The CDP outlines Strategies across sectors to achieve the above vision. These are elaborated further below. Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Strategy for Economic Development: The city needs to make the best use of its resources, foremost among which is the high level of entrepreneurial ability of its people. In order to unleash the city’s true economic potential, the govt. needs to encourage and nurture these abilities through forward looking policies and interventions. The following strategies are recommended for sustaining the growth of the city well into the future: • Encourage high value-add services; • Organizing Low End Services; • Enhancing Quality; The key areas identified as having most potential for driving the economic growth of the city are: (i) IT & ITES Sector; (ii) Life Style Sector; (iii) Logistics Sector; (iv) Heritage & Tourism Sector; (v) Education Sector. Strategies for Civic Infrastructure Development: Strategies identified to improve water supply system and enhance consumer satisfaction are (i) minimize water losses in transmission and distribution and enhance overall management of distribution; (ii) Augmentation of water supply and (iii) Promotion of efficiency in service delivery and strengthening of cost recovery mechanisms. Strategies for sewerage include (i) Extension and up-gradation of sewage network to intercept sewage (abatement of pollution); (ii) Provision of Sewer Network in un-sewered area; (iii) Augmentation of Sewage Treatment Capacity. The strategies for mitigating key issues in solid waste management are (i) Maximizing effective treatment processes for different waste streams, in order to minimize land required for land fill sites; (ii) Safeguarding the environment by ensuring well developed and sufficient land fill sites for disposal, and increasing efficiency of service delivery. These broad strategies have to be complemented by initiatives at resource-use reduction, waste minimization and pollution prevention. The strategies suggested for improvement of drainage system in the city are (i) Creation of an appropriate, integrated authority to deal with the sewer drains, the storm water drains and the natural drainage basins of the NCT area; (ii) Short-term repair and de-silting of all the drains on emergency basis; (iii) After monitoring the functioning of the South Delhi Greenway Project for Barapulla drain, initiating the same in the medium term for Najafgarh drain, which is by far the largest contributor in terms of discharge into river Yamuna (51.75%). The strategies suggested for improvement of road network and transport system in the city are (i) Provision of safe and efficient public transport system; (ii) Encouraging the use of non-motorized modes of passenger transport in select localities; (iii) Ensuring equitable use of space on road and priority to pedestrians; (iv) Efficient use of existing infrastructure – removal of impediments – including enhancement of road infrastructure and provision of efficient parking facilities; (v) Redevelopment of Connaught Place and Walled City as special areas; (vi) Development of goods and passenger terminals on the basis of directional needs; (vii) Enhancement of road infrastructure and (viii) Awareness and enforcement drives. Four main strategies have been identified, for management of urban heritage. These strategies are (i) Capacity Building & Provision of Technical Support for Conservation & Heritage Management;(ii) Heritage Resource Information Management System for integration of heritage concerns within the development plans – Master Plan, Zonal, Sub-Zonal, Area Level; (iii) Area Level Conservation, revitalization and Regeneration strategies which include supportive and linked sub-strategies for adaptive reuse; (iv) heritage sensitive infrastructure up-gradation, provision of essential community facilities, commercial areas, guidelines for new development in historic areas, strengthening of linkages with surrounding contemporary development; Strategies for heritage tourism, enhanced visitor experience and revenue generation, and awareness generation

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The main strategies, under which projects pertaining to the environment have been proposed, relate to (i) Outreach and capacity building; (ii) Enhancement of forests and green cover; (iii) Mitigation of air, water and noise pollution. Strategies for Slums and the Urban Poor Strategies for urban poor and slums are derived from the established fact that the poor are not a homogenous group, and vary widely in their requirements of shelter. This takes into account factors such as extent of consolidation in the city, location sensitivity, physical requirement, ability to pay as well as tenure security. Shelter options may vary from a single bed and locker in a dormitory for the male migrant, to an independent unit. The ability to exercise choice, with a variety of options, is thus, important, in the success of any programme to provide shelter for all categories of the poor. In addition, pricing, location, tenure conditions, and financing are critical considerations in catering to this segment. Strategies to reach housing for the poor include (i) In-situ rehabilitation at existing slum and JJ cluster sites, with units offered on a long term lease hold basis (with option for purchase), through a cooperative, trust, NGO etc. (ii) Development of serviced plots, to be upgraded incrementally, at out-lying locations, for outright purchase -- connectivity to work centers to be assured. (iii) Development of night shelters in the city as well as at outlying locations single beds, single rooms with shared facilities for long term stay managed by trusts, or NGO’s with government support (iv) Infrastructure up-gradation in 44 resettlement colonies (v) Provision of housing for the urban poor on an on-going basis (vi) Reconstruction of government owned Katras in the walled city Recommendations on Urban Governance The status of reform initiatives at the ULB level and State Government level to successfully implement and operate the JnNURM projects has been reviewed. The broad agenda for further institutional reforms are

• • •

To clearly institute a political and administrative nodal agency, which could provide effective governance to the NCT; To ensure that the function and powers of this agency and its constituents, match their responsibilities and make them fully accountable. To enable clarity of jurisdiction of various agencies coming into contact with the people and entrusted with various responsibilities

Recommendations to achieve the above include (i) Defining and delimiting areas of the city required to perform the functions of a National Capital (ii) to allow the State Government a say in land and municipal management in the balance areas (iii) subdividing the MCD to create Zonal Councils, the elected representatives of which will report to the Chief Minister (iv) to rationalize planning divisions to match Zonal Council demarcations (v) to constitute a Metropolitan Planning Committee to undertake planning for the entire city (vi) to constitute an Urban Renewal Corporation to undertake renewal of select areas in the city (v) to constitute a Slum Housing Corporation to tackle the issue of housing for the poor. These institutional reforms will provide a basis for the state government to implement the projects identified under JNNURM in more effective and sustainable manner.

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PROJECT AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN

The project identification and capital investment plan have been prepared for sectors as per the sub-missions of JNNURM. Sub-Mission-1: Urban Infrastructure and Governance; Sub-Mission-2: Basic Services to Urban Poor The shares of major sectors as shown the table below are water supply (7%); sewerage (11.5%); road network & transportation (56%); and urban poor and slums (18%) respectively. Funding Pattern: The projects for investment support in Delhi are eligible for Central assistance under the following conditions: Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• •

In case any JNNURM project is also approved as externally aided project (EAP), the EAP funds can be passed through as Accelerated Central Assistance to the State Government as funds contributed by States, ULBs, FIs; and JNNURM funds can be used as GoI contribution. If necessary, internal resources of implementing agencies, MP or MLA Local Area Development (LAD) Funds and MLA LAD funds may be substituted for institutional finance or State share.

a. Projects under Appraisal by Sub-Mission Directorate for Urban Infrastructure and Governance

Strategy/Project

Rs Crore

200708

200809

200910

201011

201112

CG2

SG3

ULB/ FI4

35

15

50

RS (Crore) SUB-MISSION-1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE Water Supply

1632

535

500

330

167

100

571

245

816

Sewerage

2755

605

675

605

495

375

964

413

1378

Road Network and Transportation System

13487

2886

3534

3986

1610

1471

4720

2023

6743

Storm Water Drainage

231

96

101

26

8

0

81

35

116

Solid Waste Management

593

222

181

101

51

38

208

89

297

Heritage and Conservation

582

74

154

272

46

35

204

87

291

City Environment

431

137

166

78

50

151

65

215

Urban Governance

9

4

4

1

0

0

3

1

5

Other Projects

20

5

7

8

0

0

7

3

10

Street Lighting

25

5

5

5

5

5

9

4

13

19740

4563

5322

5407

2427

2019

6909

2961

9870

SUB-TOTAL

b. Projects under Appraisal by the Sub-Mission Directorate for Basic Services to the Urban Poor Under the guidelines, housing is not be provided free to the beneficiaries by the State Government. A minimum of 12% beneficiary contribution (10 per cent in case of SC/ST/BC/OBC/PH and other weaker sections) is stipulated.

Strategy/Project

Project Cost

200708

200809

200910

201011

201112

CG

SG

ULB/ FI

35

15

50

RS (Crore) SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR

2 3 4

Central Government State Government Urban Local Body / Financial Institution.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

E-11

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Urban Poor, Housing

Slum

and

4400

1230

1208

1023

SUB-TOTAL

4400

1230

1208

1023

TOTAL

24140

5793

6530

6430

E.5

383

2200

-

2200

556

383

2983

2402

2200 9109

0 2961

2200 12070

556

FINANCIAL SUSTENANCE PLAN The investment sustaining capacity of MCD, NDMC and DJB, the municipal fiscal situation has been simulated, based on a Financial Operating Plan (FOP). The FOP is essentially a multi-year forecast of municipal finances for a term of 15 years. It has been used to forecast the revenue income and operating expenditures for the period between FY 2005-06 and FY 2019-20. The department wise capital investments are presented in the table below. At least 5% of the investment requirements of ULB’s (minimum) is proposed to be mobilized through the private sector. Beneficiary contributions will also account for a part (small) of this investment requirement.

Department wise Investment

Rs Crore

2007-08

200809

2009-10

2010-11

201112

Central Government Contribution

9109

2212.05

2466.7

2403.95

1127.45

898.15

State Government Contribution

2961

684.45

798.3

811.05

364.05

302.85

1390 44 2194

409.5 9 587 192.5 650 110.5

367.5 11 467.5 125 925 52.5

135.5 10 331 71.5 512.5 33

113 7.5 237.5 54.5 512.5 0

ULB / FI Share (Break-up) MCD NDMC DJB DDA DIMTS DSIDC

600 3253 293

365 6.5 569.5 156 652.5 97.5

Forest Department PWD Revenue Dept.

4 2495 2.5

2 638 1.25

1.5 841.5 1.25

0.5 767.5 0

0 148.75 0

0 98.75 0

Slum Department STA

1055 7

222.5 1

225 1

299 1.5

167.5 1.5

141.5 1.5

1.5 12 2

0.5 3.25 0.25

0.5 4.25 0.25

0.5 4.5 0.5

0 0 0.5

0 0 0.5

117 43 22

11 3.5 11.75

32 15.5 8.25

60 17.5 1.4

5 6.5 0.35

9 0 0.25

535

155.5

172.5

113.5

68.75

24.75

12070

2898.5

3264

3215

1492

1201

TRAFFIC POLICE UDD INTACH GNCTD – State Archaeology DTTDC ASI Private Investment (min.) Total (ULB's / FI's share)

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

E-12

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY GRAND TOTAL

24140

5795

6529

6430

2984

2402

The cumulative O&M cost (over 5years – 2007 – 2012) of various projects is Rs 4974 Crore (refer table below). In order to meet the O&M cost, due to new investments, it has been proposed to revise the unit area value, water tax (normal revision of water tax as per DJB norms are proposed), sewerage tax and other revenue sources. Total Cost

O&MGovernment

O&MO&MPrivate Beneficiary Strategy/Project Rs in Crore SUB-MISSION-1: URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNANCE 1632.0

446.7

0.0

0.0

446.7

2755

615

0.0

0.0

615

Road Network and Transportation System

13487

1954.7

1218.5

0.0

3173.2

Storm Water Drainage

231

37.6

0.0

0.0

37.6

Solid Waste Management

593

0

50.8

0.0

50.8

Heritage and Conservation

582

32

19

0.2

51.2

City Environment

431

5.6

34

0.0

39.6

Urban Governance

9

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.2

Other Projects

20

0.6

0.0

0.0

1

1322.3

0.2

4415.3

67.3

262.4

558.4

Water Supply Sewerage

SUB-TOTAL

19740 3092.4 SUB-MISSION-2: BASIC SERVICES AND POOR Urban Poor, Slum and 4400 228.7 Housing SUB-TOTAL TOTAL

Total O&M

4400

228.7

67.3

262.4

558.4

24140

3321.1

1389.6

262.6

4973.7

By instituting prudent fiscal measures and reforms, the MCD will be able to enhance its revenue from the current level (2005-06) of Rs. 2019 Crore to Rs. 5,098.7 Crore in 2011-12. A large part of this is anticipated to accrue from property tax revenues. The ULB is undertaking reform measures in this area, including instituting on-line filing of taxes from 01-04-2007; and digitization and computerization of property tax records, which is due to be completed by 2008-09. This will enable efficiencies to be enhanced in both coverage and collection.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

E-13

ABBREVIATIONS

IL&FS ECOSMART

Abbreviations

ABBREVIATIONS ACGR AIIMS ASI ATC bgl BOD BPL BPO C&D CAGR CBD CBR CDP CDR CETP CGWB CIP CP CPCB CPWD CSE CSO DCB DDA DJB DO DPCC DSIDC DTC DTTDC DU DUAC DUEIIP DWCUA EIUS EMI EPPCA ETF EWS FAR FOP FY GNCTD GoI GSDP GT Ha IIT IMR INTACH ISBT JJ JJC JNNURM kms L&DO

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Annual Compound Growth Rate All India Institute of Medical Science Annual Survey of Industries Area Traffic Control Below Ground Level Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand Below Poverty Line Business Promotion Offices Construction and Demolition Cumulative Annual Growth Rate Central Business District Crude Birth Rate City Development Plan Crude Death Rate Combined Effluent Treatment Plant Central Ground Water Board City Investment Plan Connaght Place Central Pollution Control Board Central Public Works Department Center for Science and Environment Central Statistical Office Delhi Cantonment Board Delhi Development Authority Delhi Jal Board Dissolved Oxygen Delhi Pollution Control Committee Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation Delhi Transport Corporation Delhi Transport and Tourism Development Corporation Dwelling Unit Delhi Urban Art Commission Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project Development of Women and Children in Urban Area Environment Improvement of Urban Poor Employment Market Information Environment Pollution (Prevention & Control) Authority Eco Task Force Economic Weaker Section Floor Area Ratio Financial Operation Plan Financial Year Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Government of India Gross State Domestic Product Grand Trunk Hectare Indian Institute of Technology Infant Mortality Rate India National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage Interstate Bus Terminus Jhuggi Jhopari Jhuggi Jhopari Clusters Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission Kilometers Land and Development Organisation

IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

A-1

Abbreviations

LIG MCD MGD MLD mm MPD MRTS MSW NCR NCT NDMC NEERI NGO NH NHAI NOIDA NOx NRY NSDP NSSO O&M OAE PAH PPH PPP PWD RCC SJSRY SLF SO2 SPM Sq.kms STP SWOT TERI TFR UDD UIE USEP UT UWEP WJC WTP YAP

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Low Income Group Municipal Corporation of Delhi Million Gallon per Day Million Litre per day millimeter Master Plan for Delhi Mass Rapid Transit System Municipal Solid Waste National Capital Region National Capital Territory New Delhi Municipal Corporation National Ecological and Environment Research Institute Non-Government Organisation National Highways National Highways Authority of India New Okhla Industrial Development Authority Oxides of Nitrates Nehru Rozgar Yojna Net State Domestic Product National Sample Survey Organization Operation and Maintenance Own Account Enterprises Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Persons per Hectare Public Private Partnership Public Works Department Reinforced Cement Concrete Swarna Jaynti Saw Rozgar Yozana Sanitary Landfill Sulphur Di-oxide Suspended Particulate Matter square kilometers Sewage Treatment Plant Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats The Energy Research Institute Total Fertility Rate Urban Development Department Urban Industrial Extension Urban Self Employment Programme Union Territory Urban Wage Employment Programme Western Jammuna Canal Water Treatment Plant Yamuna Action Plan

IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

A-2

Table of Contents

IL&FS ECOSMART

City Development Plan

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................1-1 1.1

BACKGROUND .................................................................................................. 1-1

1.2

CONCEPT & PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN ..................................... 1-2

1.2.1. 1.3

1.4

Objective of City Development Plan...................................................... 1-2

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN - A PROCESS............................................................ 1-2

1.3.1

City Assessment: Analysis of Existing Situation ..................................... 1-3

1.3.2.

Development of Strategic Agenda and a Vision for the City.................... 1-4

1.3.3.

Evolving Strategies for Development .................................................... 1-4

1.3.4.

Developing a City Investment Plan and Financing Strategy .................... 1-5

STRUCTURE OF REPORT................................................................................... 1-5

CHAPTER-2 CITY DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ...........................................2-1 2.1

INTRODUCTION – LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE................................. 2-1

2.2

DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS ................................................................................... 2-1

2.3

2.2.1

Area and Population ............................................................................ 2-1

2.2.2

Population Growth, spatial distribution and Density ............................... 2-2

2.2.3

Natural Increase ................................................................................. 2-3

MIGRATION PATTERN ...................................................................................... 2-3

2.3.1

Origin and composition of Migrants ...................................................... 2-3

2.3.2

Socio-economic characteristics............................................................. 2-4

2.4

LITERACY RATE................................................................................................ 2-4

2.5

GENDER RATIO ................................................................................................ 2-5

2.6

SOCIAL COMPOSITION ..................................................................................... 2-5

2.7

POPULATION PROJECTION ............................................................................... 2-6

2.7.1

Annual Average Growth Rate ............................................................... 2-6

2.7.2

Projected Population ........................................................................... 2-7

CHAPTER - 3 CITY ECONOMIC PROFILE...............................................3-1 3.1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1 Economic Planning............................................................................................ 3-1 3.2

3.3

ECONOMIC PROFILE......................................................................................... 3-3

3.2.1

City GDP – Growth and Sectoral contributions....................................... 3-3

3.2.2

Trends ............................................................................................... 3-4

3.2.3

Main Sectors and trends - Employment and Revenue ............................ 3-5

3.2.4

Work Participation Rate ....................................................................... 3-7

PRIMARY SECTOR ...........................................................................................3-12

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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3.4

SECONDARY SECTOR ......................................................................................3-12

3.4.1 3.5

3.6

Table of Contents

Industry ............................................................................................3-13

TERTIARY SECTOR ..........................................................................................3-16

3.5.1

Trade, Hotels & Restaurants ...............................................................3-17

3.5.2

Retail Trade.......................................................................................3-17

3.5.3

Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Business.........................................3-17

3.5.4

Unorganised Trade.............................................................................3-18

3.5.5

Estimated Employment.......................................................................3-18

3.5.6

Financial Indicators ............................................................................3-18

3.5.7

Other Features...................................................................................3-19

ISSUES ...........................................................................................................3-19

CHAPTER – 4 CITY ENVIRONMENT PROFILE ........................................4-1 4.1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 4-1

4.2

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE.................................................................. 4-2

4.3

URBAN ENVIRONMENT BASELINE ..................................................................... 4-7

4.4

4.5

4.3.1

Land-use ............................................................................................ 4-7

4.3.2

Industrial Activity ................................................................................ 4-8

URBAN ENVIRONMENT QUALITY....................................................................... 4-8

4.4.1

Air Quality .......................................................................................... 4-8

4.4.2

Water Quality ....................................................................................4-11

4.4.3

Noise ................................................................................................4-13

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ................................................................................4-14

4.5.1

Depletion of Resources.......................................................................4-14

CHAPTER - 5 LAND MANAGEMENT & URBAN GROWTH .......................5-1 5.1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1

5.2

CONSTITUENT OF DELHI .................................................................................. 5-1

5.3

EXISTING CITY ASSESSMENT............................................................................ 5-2

5.4

LOW DENSITY AREAS IN CITY .......................................................................... 5-6

5.5

STATUS OF SPECIAL AREAS .............................................................................. 5-7

5.6

UNAUTHORIZED & UNORGANIZED COLONIES ................................................... 5-8

5.7

URBAN VILLAGES ............................................................................................. 5-9

5.8

STATUS OF SHELTER IN CITY ........................................................................... 5-9

5.9

STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ..........................................................5-10

5.10 ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS ...................................................................5-13 5.11 LAND DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT ........................................................5-13 5.12 EFFORTS OF PLANNED DEVELOPMENT .............................................................5-14 Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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5.13 PROVISIONS OF NCR PLAN 2001 & 21..............................................................5-21 5.14 ISSUES OF LAND & GROWTH MANAGEMENT ....................................................5-21

CHAPTER - 6 URBAN POOR AND SLUM ................................................6-1 6.1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 6-1

6.2

POVERTY PROFILE OF DELHI ............................................................................ 6-1

6.3

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF POOR ............................................................... 6-1

6.4

POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES ............................................................. 6-3

6.5

SLUMS / JJ CLUSTERS ...................................................................................... 6-3

6.6

SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS/JJ CLUSTERS............................................................ 6-3

6.7

6.8

6.6.1

Location and Distribution of JJ Clusters ................................................ 6-4

6.6.2

Growth of Squatter Settlements ........................................................... 6-5

6.6.3

Land Owning Agencies and JJ Clusters ................................................. 6-6

6.6.4

Access to Infrastructure in Slums/JJ Clusters ........................................ 6-6

SLUM DEVELOPMENT POLICES & STRATEGIES .................................................. 6-9

6.7.1

Walled City Slum (Katra) Clearance and Improvement........................... 6-9

6.7.2

JJ Clusters and Squatter Settlements...................................................6-10

6.7.3

Tenure Funding Mechanisms ..............................................................6-11

6.7.4

Financial Performance of Slum Improvement .......................................6-11

ISSUES OF SLUMS/JJ CLUSTERS ......................................................................6-12

CHAPTER - 7 CONSERVATION & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT .................7-1 7.1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 7-1

7.1.1 7.1.2

Existing framework for Conservation and Integrated Heritage Management for Delhi. ........................................................................ 7-4 Agencies Involved in Planning and Implementation of Heritage Conservation ..................................................................................... 7-5

7.2

INVENTORY OF HERITAGE RESOURCES OF DELHI ............................................7-13

7.3

WALLED CITY OF SHAHJEHANABAD & WALLED CITY EXTENSIONS....................7-14

7.4

7.3.1

Development Pattern .........................................................................7-14

7.3.2

Existing Situation ...............................................................................7-15

7.3.3

Priorities for Heritage Management .....................................................7-17

HISTORIC URBAN VILLAGES ............................................................................7-19

7.4.1

Development Pattern .........................................................................7-19

7.4.2

Development Requirements................................................................7-19

7.5

HISTORIC RURAL VILLAGES.............................................................................7-20

7.6

HISTORIC & TRADITIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.............................7-20

7.7

LEGAL FRAMEWORK - EXISTING LEGISLATION, DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT POLICIES..........................................................7-21

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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7.7.1 7.8

Table of Contents

Centrally protected and State protected monuments, structures and sites ..................................................................................................7-21

TECHNICAL & MANAGEMENT ISSUES ...............................................................7-21

CHAPTER - 8 CITY WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM.........................................8-1 8.1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 8-1

8.2

HISTORY OF DELHI WATER SUPPLY.................................................................. 8-1

8.3

PRODUCTION SYSTEM...................................................................................... 8-2

8.3.1

Sources of Water ................................................................................ 8-2

8.3.2

Treatment System .............................................................................. 8-2

8.3.3

Transmission and Distribution System .................................................. 8-4

8.3.4

Unaccounted Flow of Water................................................................. 8-5

8.4

WATER PRICING AND RECOVERY...................................................................... 8-6

8.5

ESTIMATION OF WATER DEMAND..................................................................... 8-6

8.6

AUGMENTATION SCHEMES FOR WATER SUPPLY................................................ 8-6

8.7

WATER QUALITY .............................................................................................. 8-7

8.8

RAIN WATER HARVESTING ............................................................................... 8-7

8.9

ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION ....................................................................... 8-8

CHAPTER - 9 CITY SEWERAGE SYSTEM................................................9-1 9.1

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 9-1

9.2

SEWAGE COLLECTION SYSTEM ......................................................................... 9-1

9.2.1

Sewerage Facilities in Rural Villages ..................................................... 9-2

9.2.2

Sanitation in Slum and JJ Cluster ......................................................... 9-2

9.3

NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) ........................................................ 9-3

9.4

TREATMENT SYSTEM........................................................................................ 9-3

9.4.1

Type of Treatment .............................................................................. 9-5

9.5

DISPOSAL SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 9-6

9.6

SEWERAGE CHARGES AND COLLECTIONS ......................................................... 9-6

9.7

INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER............................................................................. 9-7

9.8

PERFORMANCE OF CETP'S AT FULL DESIGN LOAD ............................................. 9-9

9.9

ISSUES REQUIRING ATTENTION ....................................................................... 9-9

CHAPTER-10 STORM WATER DRAINAGE............................................10-1 10.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................10-1 10.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM ............................................10-2 10.3 EXISTING DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE ..........................................................10-3

10.3.1

Natural Drainage System ....................................................................10-3

10.3.2

Man-made drainage System ...............................................................10-4

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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10.4 ISSUES ...........................................................................................................10-5

CHAPTER-11 REVIEW OF ROAD NETWORK AND TRANSPORT SYSTEM .........................................................................11-1 11.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................11-1 11.2 SITUATION ANALYSIS – EXISTING SYSTEMS ....................................................11-2

11.2.1

Transport Network .............................................................................11-3

11.2.2

Road Network....................................................................................11-3

11.2.3

Rail Network ......................................................................................11-4

11.3 TRANSPORT NETWORK – DELHI ......................................................................11-5

11.3.1

Vehicular Growth Trends ....................................................................11-5

11.3.2

Road Accident Trends ........................................................................11-6

11.3.3

Traffic Characteristics.........................................................................11-7

11.3.4

Traffic Speeds....................................................................................11-7

11.3.5

Parking..............................................................................................11-8

11.3.6

Traffic Intensities ...............................................................................11-8

11.4 TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................... 11-10

11.4.1

Intra Urban Movements....................................................................11-10

11.4.2

Intercity Movements ........................................................................11-11

11.4.3

Public Transport & Para Transit System .............................................11-11

11.4.4

City Bus Service ...............................................................................11-11

11.4.5

Ring Railway....................................................................................11-12

11.4.6

Delhi Metro Rail ...............................................................................11-13

11.4.7

MRTS Phase-I ..................................................................................11-13

11.4.8

Intermediate Public Transport System ...............................................11-13

11.4.9

Inland Water Transport ....................................................................11-13

11.5 EMERGING ISSUES ........................................................................................ 11-14

CHAPTER – 12 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ......................................12-1 12.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................12-1 12.2 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................12-1

12.2.1

Legal Framework ...............................................................................12-1

12.2.2

Institutional Framework......................................................................12-2

12.3 WASTE GENERATION AND COLLECTION...........................................................12-3

12.3.1

Waste Collection Services ...................................................................12-3

12.3.2

Waste Generation ..............................................................................12-3

12.3.3

Constituents of Waste ........................................................................12-4

12.3.4

Waste Collection and Storage .............................................................12-6

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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12.3.5

Waste Transportation .........................................................................12-6

12.3.6

Processing and Disposal .....................................................................12-6

12.3.7

Construction and Demolition Debris.....................................................12-9

12.4 CONSTRAINTS – TECHNICAL, FINANCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ...................... 12-11

CHAPTER-13 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT ...................................13-1 13.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................13-1 13.2 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT-NCTD ............................................................13-1 13.3 MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI ..............................................................13-2

13.3.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-2 13.3.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-2 13.3.3. Issues ...............................................................................................13-3 13.4 DELHI DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY ..................................................................13-4

13.4.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-4 13.4.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-4 13.4.3. Institutional Issues.............................................................................13-5 13.5 CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (CPCB) AND DELHI POLLUTION CONTROL COMMITTEE (DPCC) ........................................................................13-5

13.5.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-5 13.5.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-5 13.5.3. Institutional Issues.............................................................................13-6 13.6 ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION (PREVENTION AND CONTROL) AUTHORITY (EPCA) FOR THE NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION .............................................................13-6

13.6.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-6 13.6.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-6 13.6.3. Institutional Issues.............................................................................13-7 13.7 DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION (DUAC) .........................................................13-7

13.7.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-7 13.7.2. Functions ..........................................................................................13-7 13.7.3. Institutional Issues.............................................................................13-7 13.8 NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION PLANNING BOARD (NCRPB)..................................13-7

13.8.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-7 13.8.2. Function ............................................................................................13-8 13.8.3. Institutional Issues.............................................................................13-9 13.9 DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION..................................................................13-9

13.9.1. Constitutional Framework ...................................................................13-9 13.9.2. Functions ........................................................................................13-10 13.10 NEW DELHI MUNICIPAL COUNCIL (NDMC) .................................................... 13-10 Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi ToC - vi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

City Development Plan

Table of Contents

13.10.1. Constitutional Framework .................................................................13-10 13.10.2. Functions and Powers ......................................................................13-10 13.10.3. Institutional Issues...........................................................................13-11 13.11 GNCTD SET-UP ............................................................................................ 13-11 13.12 DELHI JAL BOARD (DJB)............................................................................... 13-11

13.12.1. Constitutional Setup .........................................................................13-11 13.12.2. Functions ........................................................................................13-12 13.13 DELHI TRANSPORT CORPORATION............................................................... 13-12

13.13.1. Summary of Issues ..........................................................................13-12

CHAPTER-14 REVIEW OF URBAN FINANCE .........................................14-1 14.1 TOWARDS A CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN – FINANCIAL ASPECTS.........................14-1 14.2 REVIEW OF THE EXISTING FISCAL AND FINANCIAL SITUATION........................14-1 14.3 OVERVIEW OF MCD FINANCES.........................................................................14-1

14.3.1

Revenue Account ...............................................................................14-3

14.3.2

Capital Account..................................................................................14-8

14.3.3

Key Issues and Conclusions ................................................................14-9

14.4 OVERVIEW OF NDMC FINANCES .................................................................... 14-10

14.4.1

Revenue Account .............................................................................14-11

14.4.2

Capital Account................................................................................14-15

14.4.3

Key Issues and Conclusions ..............................................................14-17

14.5 OVERVIEW OF DJB FINANCES........................................................................ 14-17

14.5.1

Revenue Account .............................................................................14-18

14.5.2

Capital Account................................................................................14-19

14.5.3

Key Issues & Conclusion...................................................................14-20

CHAPTER-15 COMMUNITY CONSULTATION ........................................15-1 15.1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................15-1 15.2 CITY STAKEHOLDERS PROFILE .........................................................................15-1

15.2.1 Primary Stakeholders .....................................................................................15-1 15.2.2 Secondary Stakeholders.................................................................................15-2 15.3 SECTOR WISE VIEWPOINT OF COMMUNITY .....................................................15-3

15.3.1 Sewerage System ..........................................................................................15-4 15.3.2 Storm Water Drainage System .......................................................................15-5 15.3.3 Solid Waste Management...............................................................................15-5 15.3.4 Transportation ..............................................................................................15-6 15.4 PERCEPTION ON QUALITY OF PRESENT LEVEL OF SERVICE DELIVERY...............15-7

15.4.1 View on Water Supply....................................................................................15-7 15.4.2 View on Sewerage .........................................................................................15-8 15.4.3 View on Drainage ..........................................................................................15-8 Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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15.4.4 Slum and JJ clusters ......................................................................................15-8 15.4.5 Views on Traffic and Transportation Sector .....................................................15-8 15.4.6 Views on Solid Waste Management ................................................................15-8 15.4.7 Willingness to Pay for Services .......................................................................15-9 15.5 STAKEHOLDERS WORKSHOP ............................................................................15-9

CHAPTER-16 CITY SWOT ASSESSMENT...............................................15-1 16.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................15-1 16.2 STRENGTHS ....................................................................................................15-1 16.3 WEAKNESSES..................................................................................................15-2 16.4 OPPORTUNITIES .............................................................................................15-3 16.5 THREATS ........................................................................................................15-4 16.6 CONSOLIDATED ISSUES ..................................................................................15-5

CHAPTER – 17 VISION & DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES .......................17-1 17.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................17-1 17.2 VISION STATEMENT ........................................................................................17-1 17.3 STRATEGY FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ......................................................17-2 17.4 KEY SECTORS .................................................................................................17-4

17.4.1 The IT & ITES Sector.....................................................................................17-4 17.4.2 The Life Style Sector......................................................................................17-5 17.4.3 The Logistics Sector.......................................................................................17-5 17.4.4 Heritage & Tourism Sector .............................................................................17-6 17.4.5 Education Sector ...........................................................................................17-7 17.5 STRATEGY FOR CIVIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT..................................17-7

17.5.1 Strategy for Water Supply..............................................................................17-7 17.5.2 Strategy for Sewerage ...................................................................................17-8 17.5.3 Strategy for Solid Waste Management ............................................................17-9 17.5.4 Strategy for Drainage ..................................................................................17-10 17.5.5 Strategy for Traffic and Transport ................................................................17-11 17.5.6 Strategy for Urban Heritage .........................................................................17-12 17.5.7 Strategy for Environmental Management ......................................................17-13 17.6 STRATEGIES FOR HOUSING AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION TO THE URBAN POOR............................................................................................................ 17-15

CHAPTER - 18 INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK ..........................................18-1 18.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................18-1 18.2 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT OPTIONS .............................................................18-1

18.2.1 Water Supply ................................................................................................18-1 18.2.2 Sewerage System ..........................................................................................18-2 18.2.3 Road Network and Transportation System ......................................................18-4 18.2.4 Storm Water Drainage ...................................................................................18-7 18.2.5 Solid Waste Management...............................................................................18-9 18.2.6 Heritage and Conservation ...........................................................................18-10 18.2.7 Urban Environment......................................................................................18-13 Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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18.2.8 Urban Governance.......................................................................................18-15 18.2.9 Other Development Projects.........................................................................18-15 18.2.10 Urban Slums and Poor ...............................................................................18-16 18.3 SUMMARY OF COSTS..................................................................................... 18-17

CHAPTER – 19 PROJECT AND CAPITAL INVESTMENT PLAN ................19-1 19.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................19-1 19.2 WATER SUPPLY ...............................................................................................19-1

19.2.1 Summary of strategies...................................................................................19-1 19.3 SEWERAGE SYSTEM ........................................................................................19-5

19.3.1 Summary of Strategies ..................................................................................19-5 19.4 ROAD NETWORK & TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM................................................19-7

19.4.1 Summary of Strategies ..................................................................................19-7 19.5 STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM ............................................................... 19-15

19.5.1 Summary of Strategies ................................................................................19-15 19.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT......................................................................... 19-17

19.6.1 Summary of Strategies ................................................................................19-17 19.7 HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ............................................. 19-21

19.7.1 Summary of Strategies ................................................................................19-21 19.8 URBAN ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................. 19-30

19.8.1 Summary of Strategies ................................................................................19-30 19.9 URBAN GOVERNANCE .................................................................................... 19-34 19.10 OTHER DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS ................................................................ 19-34 19.11 URBAN SLUMS AND POOR ............................................................................ 19-35

19.11.1 Summary of Strategies...............................................................................19-36 19.12 SUMMARY OF PROJECT INVESTMENT PLAN .................................................. 19-41

CHAPTER – 20 FINANCIAL SUSTENANCE PLAN ...................................20-1 20.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................20-1 20.2 DEPARTMENT WISE INVESTMENT....................................................................20-1 20.3 O&M COST OF INVESTMENT ............................................................................20-2 20.4 NEED FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INITIATIVES............................................20-3 20.5 ASSUMPTIONS FOR REVENUE ENHANCEMENT INTIATIVES ...............................20-3

20.5.1 Key assumptions for FOP ...............................................................................20-3 20.6 PROPOSED CASH FLOW OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATION OF DELHI.....................20-8 20.7 PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR DELHI JAL BOARD ............................................. 20-10 20.8 PROPOSED CASH FLOW FOR NDMC ............................................................... 20-11 20.9 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 20-12 Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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CHAPTER – 21 INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS ..........................................21-1 21.1 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................21-1 21.2 REVIEW OF ISSUES IN GOVERNANCE...............................................................21-1 21.3 MEASURES ALREADY INITIATED FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE...............................21-2

21.3.1 E-Governance ...............................................................................................21-3 21.4 AGENDA AND OBJECTIVE OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS...................................21-3 21.5 NEW PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT SET-UP OF DELHI .....................................21-4

21.5.1 Safeguarding of Capital City Functions............................................................21-4 21.5.2 Land Management (in areas outside the Capital City Area)...............................21-4 21.5.3 Streamlining Structure of State and City Level Representatives ........................21-5 21.5.4 Role of Zonal Councils/Corporations (ZC)........................................................21-5 21.5.5 Rationalization of Planning Boundaries............................................................21-6 21.5.6 Metropolitan Planning Committee ...................................................................21-6 21.5.7 Role of Delhi Development Authority ..............................................................21-6 21.5.8 Constitution of Urban Renewal Corporation.....................................................21-7 21.5.10 Water Management .....................................................................................21-7 21.6 INSTITUTIONAL & IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK FOR SLUMS/JJ CLUSTERS...21-8

21.6.1 Institutional Structure....................................................................................21-8 21.6.2 Funding Mechanisms .....................................................................................21-9 21.7 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 21-10

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Chapter – 1 : Introduction

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 1 Introduction

CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1

BACKGROUND The Government of India has recently announced the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM). The Mission focuses on (i) improving and augmenting the economic and social infrastructure of cities; (ii) ensuring basic services to the urban poor including security of tenure at affordable prices; (iii) initiating wide-ranging urban sector reforms whose primary aim is to eliminate legal, institutional and financial constraints that have impeded investment in urban infrastructure and services; and (iv) strengthening municipal governments and their functioning in accordance with the provisions of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act, 1992.

DELHI

The objectives of the JNNURM are to ensure: •

Focused attention to integrated development of infrastructure services in cities;

•

Establishment of linkages between asset-creation and asset-management through a slew of reforms for long term project sustainability;

•

Ensuring adequate funds to meet deficiencies in urban infrastructure services;

•

Planned development of identified cities including peri-urban areas, outgrowths and urban corridors leading to dispersed urbanization;

•

Scaling up delivery of civic amenities and provision of utilities with emphasis on universal access to the urban poor;

•

Special focus on urban renewal programme for old city areas to reduce congestion; and

•

Provision of basic services to the urban poor including improved housing, water supply and sanitation, and ensuring delivery of other existing universal services of the government for education, health and social security.

JNNURM comprises of two sub-missions, namely (i) Sub-Mission for Urban Infrastructure and Governance, and (ii) Sub-Mission for Basic Services to the urban Poor.

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Chapter – 1 Introduction

1.2

CONCEPT & PRINCIPLES OF CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN The City Development Plan is both a planning process and a product, which promotes partnership among the various stakeholders in a city- the city government, the private business sector, civil society, academic, and national government agencies- to jointly analyze growth issues, develop a vision for the future, formulate development strategies, design programmes, prioritize projects, mobilize resources, implement, monitor and evaluate implementation. The CDP is anchored on the following principles of a sustainable city. LIVABILITY - what can be done to ensure a healthy and dignified standard of living for the city's residents? COMPETITIVENESS - how can the cities be more competitive in the global economy? BANKABILITY - how can the cities be more sustainable? How can public-private partnerships be promoted and/or enhanced? GOOD GOVERNANCE - how can a city's management be improved? How can accountability, integrity and transparency be made an integral part of a city's management?

1.2.1. Objective of City Development Plan The goals of a City Development Plan include a collective city vision and action plan aimed at improving urban governance and management, increasing investment to expand employment and services, and systematic and sustained reductions in urban poverty. In order to achieve the above goals, the objectives of the CDP are to:

1.3

•

Guide & promote economic development of the city;

•

Develop a consensus building process to establish the city's development priority, strategies and actions;

•

Assist local authorities outline their financing and investment strategies; and, build local capacity for more effective urban management.

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN - A PROCESS A City Development Plan is a perspective of and a vision for the future development of a city. Essentially, it addresses the following questions: 1. Where are we now? 2. Where do we want to go? 3. What do we need to address on priority basis? 4. What interventions do we make in order to attain the vision?

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Chapter – 1 Introduction

The framework for preparing CDP as outlined in JNNURM toolkit is presented Figure 1.1. A key aspect in preparation of the CDP is the involvement of the community of stakeholders in the decision process.

Multi-stakeholder Consultations

The City Assessment

Parameters

Opportunities, Strengths, risks, and weaknesses Unmet demand / gap

• • • •

Future Perspective and Vision

• • •

Directions of Change and expectations

Strategies Development

for

Sectors / Component •

Environmental services

•

Social infrastructure

•

Urban renewal

•

Slum improvement and housing for EWS

•

Transport and roads services to the b

Options and strategies

Link with agenda

reform

Criteria for prioritization

Demography Economic Issues Financial Physical and environment Infrastructure Institutions Universalisation of services especially to the urban poor

City Investment Plan & Financial Alternatives

Figure 1.1 - Multistage Process 1.3.1. City Assessment: Analysis of Existing Situation This is the first step in the preparation of the CDP and includes: (a) An analysis of the existing situation focusing on demographic analysis and

economic activity, land use, financial, urban infrastructure and urban services (like transportation, water supply, and sanitation, sewerage and solid waste management, drainage, transport parking spaces etc) and physical and environmental aspects including heritage areas, water bodies etc. (b) An assessment of the financial status of the City Government, parastatal

and other agencies dealing with service provision including an analysis of Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 1 Introduction

their credit worthiness, effectiveness and efficiency of the institutional frameworks. (c) Critical assessment as well as projections of the population growth,

infrastructure needs and resource requirements in the short-term, medium term and long-term perspectives.

(d) Urban poverty, characteristics of slums e.g. social set up, availability of

urban basic and social services and on-going slum improvement programmes etc. An assessment of the inner city and urban renewal requirements, an analysis of present status of availability of urban basic services including the condition of the infrastructure. (e) Identification of existing nature of commercial and industrial establishments

and identification of industries and commercial establishments that are not in conformity to the existing land-use planning and zoning regulations in the inner city areas. (f) Heritage areas, including Archaeological Heritage, Architectural Heritage,

and Architectural Conservation Areas. (g) To highlight the "Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats" (SWOT

Analysis) of the City Government / parastatal agencies and related Government departments in the City's specific context to provide an understanding of the factors responsible for inefficient and inadequate production and delivery of urban services, their managerial deficiencies and financial constraints; and to highlight critical factors that call for urgent remedial measures at the city and State governments level. 1.3.2. Development of Strategic Agenda and a Vision for the City Based on the outcomes of the City Assessment, the second stage envisages the development of a Vision to guide the future development of the city, highlighting the direction of change and working out an Action agenda for implememntation with a specific time frame. Based on the Vision, strategies focusing on growth management, urban infrastructure and basic services, slum improvement, housing for EWS, provision of basic services for urban poor, protection of heritage areas, preservation of water bodies, redevelopment of inner city areas, etc. will be proposed. These strategies will respond risks and opportunities facing the city with a focus on reform and reform priorities. The Development of a Vision will be undertaken in consultation with various stakeholders and civil society in the city. Public consultations will focus on broad assessment of municipal resources, possible impact on the municipal budget and the proposal for reform to support development. 1.3.3. Evolving Strategies for Development This element of work involves highlighting interventions to operationalize the Vision and future development of the city. This includes: •

Identification of options and strategies and their evaluation keeping in view

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Chapter – 1 Introduction

their contribution to the goals, objectives and the reform agenda of the JNNURM. •

Translating the strategies into programmes and projects and

•

Identifying the programmes that have maximum contribution to the achievement of the city's Vision and medium term perspectives.

Prioritization of the strategies, programmes and projects needs to be done as a consultative process with all the stakeholders. 1.3.4. Developing a City Investment Plan and Financing Strategy This includes: (a): Preparation of a City Investment Plan (CIP), which will include the level of investment requirements to implement the CDP by adopting the financial norms or standards for service provision, and their upgradation, restoration, relocation etc, and directly estimating the cost of implementing the reform agenda. (b): Evaluation of financial options and strategies for financing the Vision, as enumerated in the CDP. Areas which the city government could finance by mobilizing resources in association with other tiers of government or financing institutions; the probability of access to capital market; the potential of enlisting private sector participation and steps needed to facilitate its participation, etc. (c): Broad strategies for financial viability of the proposed investments and improving financial sustainability will be worked out. This would include options for PPP in service delivery and O & M, wherever relevant. The investment schedules will layout the costs and revenue estimates of all priority projects in the next seven years of the Mission period. The preparation of CIP would be an iterative process requiring the adjustments and rescheduling to make the whole package work financially. 1.4

STRUCTURE OF REPORT This report presents the results of the above mentioned process carried out for the National Capital City of Delhi. Since the region around Delhi has a considerable bearing on processes in the city, aspects of development in the National Capital Region (NCR) have been incorporated in the assessment of key sectors, particularly demography; economic planning; land and growth management and transportation. The report is presented in the following chapters: Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7

Introduction City Demographic Profile City Economic Profile City Environment Profile Land Management & Urban Growth Urban Poor and Slum Conservation & Heritage Management

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Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21

Water Supply City Sewerage System Storm Water Drainage Review of Road Network and Transport System Solid Waste Management Institutional Assessment Review of Urban Finance Community Consultation SWOT Analysis City Vision & Strategy Investment Framework Project and Capital Investment Plan Financial Sustenance Plan Institutional Reforms

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Chapter – 2 : City Demographic Profile

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 2 City Demographic Profile

CHAPTER - 2 CITY DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE 2.1

INTRODUCTION – LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE Delhi is located in northern India between the latitudes of 28°-24’-17” and 28°-53’-00” North and longitudes of 76°-50’-24” and 77°-20’-37” East. It has an area of 1,483 sq. kms. with a maximum length of 51.90 kms and greatest width of 48.48 kms. It shares borders with the States of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. The Yamuna River and terminal part of the Aravali hill range are the two main geographical features of the city. The Aravali hill ranges are covered with forest and are called the Ridges; they are the city’s lungs and help maintain its environment. The average annual rainfall in Delhi is 714 mm, three-fourths of which falls in July, August and September. Heavy rainfall in the catchment area of the Yamuna can result in a dangerous flood situation for the city. During the summer months of April, May and June, temperatures can rise to 40-45 degrees Celsius. Winters are typically cold with minimum temperatures during December and January falling to 4 to 5 degree Celsius. February and March, October and November are climatically the best months. The forest cover has increased from 0.76% of the total area in 1980-81 to 1.75% in 1994-95 and 5.93% in 2000-01. Delhi’s mineral resources are primarily sand and stone, which are useful for construction activities. However, the stone quarries in the Ridge area have been shut down since 1984 on account of environmental considerations. National Capital Region: The NCR comprises of the entire NCT Delhi, eight districts of Haryana, one district of Rajasthan and five districts of Uttar Pradesh with a population of over 371 lakhs in 2001. The sub-regions of NCT-Delhi, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh accommodated 37.33%, 23.42%, 8.07% and 31.19% of NCR’s population respectively.

2.2

DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS Delhi has been one of the fastest growing cities in the country, clocking over 47% decadal growth from 1991-2001, more than double the national rate. A large part of this rapid growth has been due to the high level of migration. The subsequent sections take a closer look at the trends.

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Chapter – 2 City Demographic Profile

2.2.1 Area and Population The annual average exponential growth rate of population of Delhi was the highest (6.42%) during 1941-1951 due to large-scale migration from Pakistan to India after partition in 1947. Since then the annual growth has been recorded at 4.22 % during 1951-1961; 4.25% during 1961-1971; 4.25% during 1971-1981 and 4.15% during 1981-1991. The annual growth rate of population of Delhi during 1991-2001 has been recorded as 3.85% and it is almost double the national average. 2.2.2 Population Growth, spatial distribution and Density Delhi was considered as a single district for Population Census 1991. In 1996, Government of NCT of Delhi, through a Gazette Notification, created 9 districts and 27 sub-divisions. Population Census 2001 was conducted in Delhi in each of 9 districts and 27 Sub-divisions. Ranking of districts by population, in 1991 and 2001 is given in Table 2.1 Table 2.1: District-wise population

District North-West South West North-East South-West East North Central New Delhi Total

2001 Population % to total 2,860,869 20.65 2,267,023 16.37 2,128,908 15.37 1,768,061 12.77 1,755,041 12.67 1,463,583 10.57 781,525 5.64 646,385 4.67 179,112 1.29 13,850,507 100

1991 Population % to total 1,777,968 18.87 1,501,881 15.94 1,433,038 15.21 1,085,250 11.52 1,087,573 11.55 1,023,078 10.86 686,654 7.29 656,533 6.97 168,669 1.79 9,420,644 100

Decadal Growth 60.91% 50.95% 48.56% 62.92% 61.37% 43.06% 13.82% -1.55% 6.19% 47.02%

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04

Note: The population of nine districts for 1991 is derived by recasting the Census data of 1991 Census according to the present jurisdiction of the districts.

Population Density According to Census 2001, the density of population, in Delhi, averages 9,340 persons per sq. km. as against 6,352 persons in 1991. Density of population at All-India level has been worked out at 324 persons per sq. km. in 2001. The density of population in Delhi is the highest among all states / UT’s in the country. The spatial distribution of the population density in Delhi is given in Table 2.2. Table 2.2: Density of Population (Per person Sq. kms)

District North-East Central East

Population Density 1991 2001 18,088 29,468 26,261 25,855 15,986 22,868

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Chapter – 2 City Demographic Profile

West North South North-West New Delhi South-West All Delhi

11,116 11,471 6,012 4,042 4,791 2,583 6352

16,503 13,025 9,068 6,502 5,117 4,179 9340

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04

Note: The population of nine districts for 1991 is derived by recasting the Census data of 1991 Census according to the present jurisdiction of the districts.

2.2.3 Natural Increase According to Civil Registration Records, birth and death rate (per’000 population) have been declining since 1991. The birth rate of 28.48 per 1000 recorded in 1991, further declined to 21.25 in 2001. The death rate also declined from 6.35 per 1000 in 1991 to 5.86 per 1000 in 2001. Infant mortality rate declined from 32.37 per thousand live births in 1991 to 24.49 in 2001. Table 2.3 provides the annual increase between 1991 and 2001. Table 2.3: Birth & Death Rate Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001(p)

Population 95.5 99.37 103.38 107.5 111.74 116.1 120.57 125.14 129.82 134.6 139.5

Growth 3.89 3.87 4.01 4.12 4.24 4.36 4.47 4.57 4.68 4.78 4.9

Total Birth 2.72 2.74 2.7 2.62 2.75 2.83 2.89 2.84 2.88 3.17 2.96

Total Death 0.61 0.62 0.64 0.68 0.69 0.76 0.71 0.8 0.79 0.8 0.81

(Figures in Lakhs) Natural Increase Migration 2.11 1.78 2.12 1.75 2.06 1.95 1.94 2.18 2.06 2.18 2.07 2.29 2.18 2.29 2.04 2.52 2.09 2.59 2.37 2.41 2.15 2.75

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04

2.3

MIGRATION PATTERN As observed from the above table, migration has been a major driver in the population increase in the city. The key factors relating to this have been discussed below.

2.3.1 Origin and composition of Migrants Table 2.4 shows the last estimate for migration origin. This is based on percentage of migration taking place from various States to Delhi during Census period 1981 to 1991. Table 2.4: Origin of Migrants State of Origin Uttar Pradesh Haryana

% of total migration 49.61% 11.82%

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Chapter – 2 City Demographic Profile

Bihar Rajasthan Punjab West Bengal Madhya Pradesh Other States

10.99% 6.17% 5.43% 2.79% 2.71% 10.48%

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04

NCR Settlement Pattern: There are 17 Class I cities in the NCR, including Delhi Metropolis. These account for more than 90 % of the total urban population of the region (Delhi alone accounts for 62%) The highest order settlements identified in Regional plan-2001 were six Central NCR towns and 11 priority towns/regional centers outside NCT-Delhi in NCR. The CNCR towns were envisaged to grow to 37 lakhs against which they actually grew to 28.11 lakhs as per the census 2001. Of these six towns, the towns of Ghaziabad and Faridabad reached their targeted population; the rest of the CNCR towns could not achieve their target. The planned vs actual population figures are given in the table below. Urban & Rural Settlement in NCR-2001 Actual Population 2001

Assigned Popn. as per RP-01

Actual Popn. as % of Assigned Population

CNCR Towns

28,10,942

37,00,000

75.97

Regional Centers /Priority Towns

28,17,837

49,00,000

57.51

NCR (excl. NCT Delhi)

2,32,49,759

2,13,00,000

109.15

NCT-Delhi

1,38,50,507

1,12,00,000

123.67

NCR

3,71,00,266

3,25,00,000

114.15

Name of Area

DURATION OF MIGRATION AND EMPLOYMENT As per a survey done by “The Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi”, a majority of the migrant workers were employed as petty traders or vendors in the service sector and manufacturing. Together these account for over 80% of the migrant population. Table 2.5: Occupational Characteristics of Migrant population Migration Category

0-5 Years 6-9 Years 10-11 Years

Dominant Occupation Transpor Workers Manufacturing, Petty t in Construction Traders Workers Services and Related and Work Vendors 5 3 2 3 15 0 3 5 3 2 8 12

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Casual Workers 1 0 2

Total

14 23 27

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Chapter – 2 City Demographic Profile

Migration Category

12-15 Years Total

Dominant Occupation Transpor Workers Manufacturing, Petty t in Construction Traders Workers Services and Related and Work Vendors 26 11 27 14 49 (32.7) 16 (10.7) 40 (26.7) 34 (22.7)

Casual Workers 8 11 (7.3)

Total

86 150 (100.0)

(NOTE: Figures in parenthesis are in percentage) Source: The Institute of Economic Growth Delhi

2.3.2 Socio-economic characteristics There is a clear class difference between the native residents of Delhi and the migrants. Among the natives, a larger number are either rich or belong to the middle class. On the other hand, among the migrants from Bihar and Jharkhand, a large number are poor, and only 7% are rich. Similarly, most migrants from UP and Uttaranchal are also poor. But those who migrated to this city at the time of independence have become very rich – 87% among them have become rich or belong to the middle class. A snapshot of the economic profile is given below. Table 2.6: Economic Status of Migrant population Place of origin Delhi Bihar and Jharkhand UP and Uttaranchal Pakistan Other states

Rich 20 7 10 36 23

Middle 53 31 46 51 49

Poor 27 61 45 13 28

Source: HT-CSDS 2003 survey

2.4

LITERACY RATE Literacy rate in Delhi was 81.67 in 2001. The rural and urban composition was 78.05 and 82.00, respectively. The following table gives the literacy rate in rural and urban areas of nine districts as recorded in 2001 Census. Table 2.7: Literacy Rate State/District Total State: NCT of Delhi Districts North West North North East East New Delhi Central West South West South

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Literacy Rate (%) Rural 81.67 78.05 80.57 80.10 77.53 84.91 83.24 79.69 83.39 83.61 81.96

78.62 78.48 75.58 81.94 76.19 79.61 78.05

Urban 82.00 80.77 80.31 77.70 84.94 83.24 79.69 83.68 84.20 82.25

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Chapter – 2 City Demographic Profile

2.5

GENDER RATIO The gender ratio of Delhi has been showing an upward trend since 1971, though at 821, it is still much lower than the All India average of 933, in 2001. A comparative view of the two is given in Table 2.8. Table 2.8: Sex Ratio of population Census Year 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Sex Ratio (Females per ‘000 Males) Delhi India 862 972 793 964 733 955 722 950 715 945 768 946 785 941 801 930 808 934 827 927 821 933

Source: Delhi Statistical Handbook 2004

2.6

SOCIAL COMPOSITION The Planning Commission estimates the proportion and number of poor separately for rural and urban India at the national and state levels based on the recommendations of the Task Force on 'Projections of Minimum Needs and Effective Consumption Demands' (1979). The Task Force had defined the poverty line (BPL) as the cost of an all India average consumption basket at which calorie norms were met. The norms were 2400 calories per capita per day for rural areas and 2100 calories for urban areas. These calories norms have been expressed in monetary terms for each individual year. Table 2.9: Monthly Per Capita Poverty Line Delhi- 1973-74/1999-2000

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Chapter – 2 City Demographic Profile

According to the Delhi Economic Survey 2004-2005, 6% of the people living in Delhi are very poor and another 28% poor. If clubbed together, 34% would be considered as poor. On the other hand, nearly 6% people in Delhi would be considered as very rich and another 12% as rich. As such, 18% people in Delhi are those who would be considered as belonging to the rich class. There is a big middle class, which constitutes 48% of the population. Among the middle class, 28% belong to the upper middle class, while 20% fall in the lower middle class. 2.7

POPULATION PROJECTION The population projection for Delhi has been provided below. This is as per the projections given by the Census of India. The breakup has been provided by sex, dependency and age. The estimates project a growing trend in the population density and median age, whereas the sex ratio shows a worryingly downward trend.

2.7.1 Annual Average Growth Rate The demographic indicators project a marginal downturn in the population growth rate from 2.9 per thousand to 2.7. Table 2.10: Demographic Indicators: 2001-2025

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Chapter – 2 City Demographic Profile

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Chapter – 2 City Demographic Profile

2.7.2 Projected Population As per the projections of Census of India, the population of Delhi is expected to be over 24 million by 2021 and touch 28 million by 2026. Population Projections for NCR: The population projection for NCR for the year 2011 and 2021 is given in the table below. The population of NCR is projected to be 641.4 lakhs by 2021. The percentage share of NCT-Delhi is expected to decrease from 37.3% in 2001 to 37% in 2011 and thereafter to 36.6% in 2021. In Haryana Sub-region, the percentage share is projected to consistently increase from 23.4% in 2001 to 24.9% in 2021, whereas in case of UP, it may decline marginally from 31.2% in 2001 to 30.9% in 2021. Population Growth in National Capital Region Population in Lakh

Sub-Region 1961

1971

1981

1991

2001

NCT-Delhi

26.6

40.6

62.2

94.2

138.5

Haryana

28.9

37.9

49.4

66.4

Rajasthan

11.0

14.0

17.7

Uttar Pradesh

44.5

54.4

NCR

2072

2117.9

Decadal Growth Rate 6101

Population Projection 2011

2021

51.1

179.9

234.8

86.8

31.6

117.5

160.2

22.9

29.9

28.4

37.9

48.1

69.6

90.0

115.7

27.0

150.8

198.3

2189.9

2274.5

2371.9

35.2

2497.1

2662.4

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Chapter – 3 : City Economic Profile

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

CHAPTER - 3 CITY ECONOMIC PROFILE 3.1

INTRODUCTION Delhi is rapidly emerging as a world-class metropolis. With a 15% average compounded growth rate, it has one of the fastest growing economies in the country, among cities with million plus population. As with all metros, Delhi’s economy is driven by the services sector, which accounts for 78% of its GSDP and provides employment to 58% of the labour force. The growing affluence of its populace is reflected by the relatively high per capita income, which at Rs. 47,477 in 2002-03 ranks second only to Chandigarh. Its literacy rate of 81.82% (as per census 2001) is fourth highest among states in the country. At the same time, this affluence acts as a magnet for immigration from neighboring states and drives the rapid growth in the City’s population. As per the 2001 census the City had a decadal growth rate of 46.31% over 1991, which was more than double the All India growth rate. On the one hand the growing population, coupled with the growing per capita income is fuelling the growth of the services sector, which in turn provides employment to a majority of the work force. The high proportion of immigration also provides a ready pool of resources for the unorganized sector of the City, which constitutes a significant portion of the overall economy of Delhi. However, it is necessary to study the various aspects of the economy to understand the dynamics further and formulate a coherent strategy for the future.

3.1.1 Economic Planning Economic planning for Delhi is presently undertaken at the State level, by the Planning Department of the Govt. of National Capital Territory of Delhi. This section takes a quick look at the economic planning agendas over the last few years, and the present trends. Of the Rs. 15,541.28 crore approved by the Planning Commission as plan outlay for the 9th Five Year Plan for Delhi, the tentative expenditure in the 9th Five Year Plan would be about Rs. 13,469.68 crore. It is about 87% of the original approved outlay. The details of outlay and expenditure during Annual Plans under the 9th Five Year Plan are presented below in Table 3.1: Table 3.1: Details of outlay & expenditure during Annual Plan under 9th Five Year Plan (in Crores) S. No. 1. 2.

Annual Plan 1997-98 1998-99

Allocation of Plan Outlay 2331.73 2700.00

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Revised Estimate 2073.00 2365.86

Expenditure 1978.31 2054.56

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

S. No. 3. 4. 5.

Annual Plan 1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002

Allocation of Plan Outlay 3000.00 3300.00 3800.00

Revised Estimate

Expenditure

2500.00 3300.00 4200.00

2298.20 3129.11 4009.50

Source: Introduction to the Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07 document of the GNCTD

During the last two plans (8th & 9th), Infrastructure areas like Energy, Transport, Urban Development and Water Supply received a majority of the funding, indicating the focus of the Govt. on Urban Infrastructure, which required major up gradation, driven by the rising population and expectations. Table 3.2, given below, shows the investments in each of the priority sectors. Table 3.2: Priorities Sectors of Eighth Five-Year Plan & Ninth Five-Year Plan (Rs. in crore) 8th Five Year Plan (199297) Expn.

9th Five Year Plan (199702) Outlay

851.94

3158.40

9th Five Year Plan Anticipated Expn. 2260.69

1549.40

3046.55

3589.70

3457.50

Urban Development

966.11

2070.75

1998.07

2940.25

4

Water Supply

895.30

2540.00

1896.88

3766.00

5

Medical & Public Health

407.36

1101.40

1032.31

2223.50

6

Education (Gen. & Tech.) Social Welfare

609.18

1080.75

1132.15

1840.00

34.82

108.60

133.70

322.50

38.48

87.25

36.50

158.00

855.73

2347.58

1389.65

369.29

6208.32

15541.28

13469.68

20523.75

S. No.

Name of the Sectors

1

Transport

2

Energy

3

7 8

Welfare of SC/ST/OBC

9

Others Grand Total

10th Plan Outlay (2002-07)

5446.71

Source: Introduction to the Tenth Five Year Plan 2002-07. Document of the GNCTD

The Tenth Plan outlay has been made based on various studies done by the concerned Departments and the 20 year perspective “Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP) – 2021” formulated with the Ministry of Environment & Forest, GoI. The outlays for the priority sectors under this plan indicate a continued emphasis on the infrastructure aspects that characterized the previous plans, as shown in the table above. 3.2

ECONOMIC PROFILE

3.2.1 City GDP – Growth and Sectoral contributions This section provides a review of the present position of the City Economy. Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

Estimates at Current Prices Delhi has a strong and vibrant economy. Gross State Domestic Product at current prices was to the tune of Rs. 66,866 crores during 2001-02 depicting a 7.0% growth over the previous year (Table 3.3). Quick estimates at Rs. 74,474 crores for 2002-03 indicate 11.4% growth at current prices. Net State Domestic Product at current prices for the year 2002-03 is estimated to touch Rs. 68747 crores indicating a growth of 11.6% over the previous year (Table 3.4) Table 3.3 – Percentage Growth over previous year 1999-00 GSDP 1. At Current Prices 2. At 1993-94 Prices NSDP 1. At Current Prices 2. At 1993-94 Prices

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

11.4 4.6

18.2 13.6

7.0 4.2

11.4 7.9

11.8 4.6

18.8 14.2

7.0 4.2

11.6 8.1

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-2004

Estimates at 1993-94 Prices GSDP at 1993-94 prices was estimated at Rs. 40,900 crores for 2001-02 indicating a real growth of 4.2% over the previous year (Table 3.5). However real annual growth for the year 2002-03 (Rs. 44,135 crores) is expected to be 7.9% as compared to 4.0% at the national level. NSDP at 1993-94 prices was estimated at Rs. 37,366 crores with 4.2% annual growth for the year 2001-02. However the annual growth for 2002-03 (Rs. 40,396 crores) is expected to be at 8.1% (Table 3.6). The real growth in sectoral GSDP for 2002-03 is expected to be -2.0% in the primary sector, 6.4 % in the secondary sector and 8.5 % in the tertiary sector. Figure 1 – Year-Wise Growth of GDP at Current Prices 25 23.1 22 20 19.1 18.2

Percentage

17.4 15

17

15.2

15.9 15

11.4 10

11.4

11.8

9.8

10.2

9.9 8

7 7.6

5

0 1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

Year Delhi

All India

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-2004

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

3.2.2 Trends Gross State Domestic Product of Delhi, at current prices, estimated at Rs. 74,474 crores during 2002-03, has shown an annual compound growth rate of 15.11% over the estimate of Rs. 20,992 crores in 1993-94. Similarly, annual compound growth rate at 1993-94 prices has been 8.61% for the corresponding period. The Net State Domestic Product at current prices for 2002-03 has been estimated of Rs. 68,747 crores, indicating an annual compound growth rate of 15.38% over the corresponding estimate of Rs. 18,967 crores in 1993-94. At 1993-94 prices, NSDP is projected at Rs. 40,396 crores in 2002-03 registering an annual compound growth rate of 8.76 %. The comparative picture of Delhi vis-àvis All India is depicted below: Table 3.4: Annual Compound Growth (Between 1993-94 & 2002-03) GSDP/GDP 1. At Current Prices 2. At 1993-94 Prices NSDP/NNP 1. At Current Prices 2. At 1993-94 Prices

DELHI

ALL INDIA

15.11% 8.61%

12.47% 5.98%

15.38% 8.76%

12.5% 5.89%

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-2004

Per Capita Income According to the present series, the per capita income of Delhi at current prices is projected at Rs. 47,477 in 2002-03 compared to Rs. 43,751 in 2001-02. The annual growth rates for 2001-02 is 3.2% respectively. Quick Estimates indicate an annual growth of 8.5% during 2002-03. The per capita income of Delhi at 1993-94 prices is projected at Rs. 27,898 in 2002-03 compared to Rs. 26,550 in 2001-02, registering an annual growth of 5.1 %. However in real terms per capita income at National level has been estimated at Rs. 10,964 during 2002-03 (CSO Estimates) Delhi’s per capita income is more than double the national average, both at current and constant prices as indicated below: Table 3.5: Per Capita Income (in Rs.)

At Current Prices Delhi All India At Constant (1993-94) Prices Delhi All India

1993-94

2001-02*

2002-03#

A.C.G.R. 1993-94 to 2002-03

18,166 7,690

43,751 17,947

47,477 18,912

11.26% 10.52%

18,166 7,690

26,550 10,774

27,898 10,964

4.88% 4.02%

N.B.: * - Provisional, # - Quick, ACGR – Annual Compound Growth Rate. Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-2004

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

3.2.3 Main Sectors and trends - Employment and Revenue This section provides a review of the present position and trends in the income and employment generation potentials for the three main sectors of the City Economy. States / UT Wise Position Table 3.6 provides the provisional results of the fifth economic census in States / UTs in respect of key features. NCT of Delhi has secured a share of 1.79% in enterprises and 4.12% in terms of employment in the total for the country. Table 3.6: Key Features of the Economy Parameters Total Enterprises - Share of All India Average Annual Growth Rate: - Enterprises - Employment Percentage Enterprise Employing 10+ persons Percentage of Enterprises in non-Agri Business Total Employment - Share of All India Hired Workers Percentage Female Workers Percentage

Delhi 753,795 1.79%

All India 42,123,849

Position 16

1.36 2.21 2.7%

4.8 2.49 1.4%

33 18 10

99.3%

84.7%

1

4,080,033 4.12% 76.6% 10.5%

98,967,642

11

52.4% 19.3%

6 34

Source: Fifth Economic Census – 2005 (Provisional Results), GNCTD

Sectoral Review The analysis of sectoral growth in Gross State Domestic Product at current prices reveals that contribution of primary sector comprising of agriculture, livestock, forestry, fishing, mining & quarrying and also the secondary sector comprising of manufacturing, electricity, gas, water supply and construction is decreasing. On the contrary, the tertiary sector, also called the service sector, comprising of trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage, communication, financing & insurance, real estate, business services, public administration and other services, is the major contributor to the economy of Delhi, increasing regularly. The contribution of primary the sector, which was 3.85 % during 1993-94, has come down to 1.13% in 2002-03. Similarly the contribution of the secondary sector recorded at 25.20% in the base year has also declined to 21.90% in 200203. On the other hand, the contribution of the tertiary sector which worked out to 70.95% in 1993-94 has increased to 76.97% in 2002-03. A comparative picture regarding the shift in sectoral composition of GSDP in Delhi is available in Table 3.7 below.

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

NCR Review: The industrial activities in NCR have been developing over a span of more than three decades during which substantial structural changes have taken place. Industrial development in NCR, to a large extent, is characterized by the ‘Scale Factor’ i.e developments could be easily characterized in terms of large and medium units, small scale industries and development in tiny unorganized units. Table 3.7 - Sectoral Growth of Economy at Current Prices (in Rs. Lakhs) Sector

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

76,757

80,465

82,601

79,912

84,361

84,452

889,763

878,711

1,370,739

1,356,687

1,460,876

1,629,390

Tertiary

3,781,896

4,349,952

4,821,690

5,380,169

5,940,281

6,668,633

Gross State domestic product

4,748,416

5,300,965

6,273,293

6,818,546

7,480,683

8,382,475

Primary Secondary

Sectoral composition of Gross State Domestic Product at 1993-94 prices also indicates the same trend as that of current prices but with slight variations in percentages. During 2002-03 contribution of the primary, secondary and tertiary sector was 1.17%, 22.54% and 76.29% respectively. Table 3.8 – Sectoral Composition of GSDP in Delhi (in Percentage) Sector Primary Secondary Tertiary Total

199394 3.85 25.2 70.95 100.00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

Current

Constant

Current

Constant

Current

Constant

1.29 21.92 76.79 100.00

1.37 22.96 75.67 100.00

1.23 22.13 76.64 100.00

1.29 22.86 75.85 100.00

1.13 21.9 76.97 100.00

1.17 22.54 76.29 100.00

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-2004

The reasons for the shift in the sectoral composition of the Delhi Economy may be attributed to the rapid urbanization and consequential reduction in agricultural and allied activities on one hand; and substantial increase in activities pertaining to the services sector on the other. Regular monitoring of environmental degradation by different Government agencies on the directives of the Honorable Supreme Court and subsequent closure of polluting industrial units also contributed to the reduction of output of the secondary sector.

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

NCR Sectoral Review: The organized industrial sector consisting of the large and medium units and SSI in NCR has developed both in terms of number of units as well as in terms of growth in terms of growth of different industries. In Haryana Sub-Region, units are manufacturing engineering goods, consisting of metal products and parts, machine tools and electric machinery show highest percentage distribution. Electric machinery, metal products and parts, chemical products and parts, textile products constitute the major sectors in UP Sub-Region. In Rajasthan Sub-Region, metal products and parts, textile products and transport equipments along with chemicals, non-metallic mineral products and basic metal products constitute the major sectors.

3.2.4 Work Participation Rate This section provides a review of the present position and trends in the employment and distribution of workers based on various parameters including geographical, industry segment, enterprise type, etc. NCR Review – Worker Participation: The Central NCR towns, namely, Bahadurgarh, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Gaziabad, NOIDA, with a workforce participation rate of 29.50% in 1991 had a very low proportion of primary workers (5.16%) a moderately high proportion of secondary worker (37.29%) and a high proportion of tertiary workers (57.55%). The Regional Centers as identified as in the Regional Plan 2001 in totality represented a workforce participation rate of 27.10% in 1991 as compared to 26.6% in 1981. Distribution of Enterprises The number of enterprises found to be operating in the geographical boundaries of NCT of Delhi during 2005 was 753,795. Out of them only 27,695 (3.67%) were in rural areas and 726,100 (96.33%) in urban areas. Enterprises have been classified into two broad groups with respect to type of premises viz. Enterprises with premises and without premises (i.e. moving type).

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

Table 3.9 - Distribution of Enterprises

Source: Fifth Economic Census – 2005 (Provisional Results), GNCTD

Analysis of related data revealed that out of the total enterprises 87.23% were enterprises operating with fixed premises and rest of the 96,238 enterprises accounting for 12.77% were operating without any fixed premises. About 2.68% of the total enterprises were the found to be employing more than 10 workers. Break-up of enterprises, as shown in Table 3.10 in terms of the agricultural and non-agricultural type revealed that 5,328 (0.71%) belong to the former category and 748,467 (99.29%) to the latter. There has been a substantial drop in rural enterprises between 1998 and 2005, of over 25%, whereas urban enterprises have shown a growth of over 10% in the same period. Table 3.10 - Number of Enterprises under 4th & 5th Economic Census

Source: Fifth Economic Census – 2005 (Provisional Results), GNCTD

Distribution of Number of Persons Usually Working The total number of persons usually found to be working in the enterprises of Delhi worked out to 4,080,033 persons. The share of rural and urban enterprises with respect to employment was about 1.79% and 98.21% respectively. Out of the total workers, 3,123,667 (76.56%) were hired workers and of the rest, nearly 23.44%, were household workers. Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

Table 3.11 - Employment under 4th & 5th Economic Census (Number pf persons)

Source: Fifth Economic Census – 2005 (Provisional Results), GNCTD

Employment in the Fifth Economic Census when compared to that Fourth economic Census registered an overall increase of about 16.54% during the period 1998-2005. However, there was a drop of nearly 15% in employment in rural areas. Average Employment The average number of persons usually working in each enterprise comes to 5.41 persons in Delhi. In Rural Delhi, this average was 2.64 persons per enterprise while in urban areas it was as high as 5.52 persons per enterprise. In comparison to the fourth economic census (1998) the overall average employment per enterprise registered a marginal increase from 5.10 person per enterprise to 5.41 persons in the fifth economic census (2005). Table 3.12 - Average Employment under Fifth & Fourth Economic Census (Number of persons)

Source: Fifth Economic Census – 2005 (Provisional Results), GNCTD

The average number of hired persons per enterprise was 1.57 and 4.24 persons for rural and urban areas respectively. District-Wise Profile The basic enterprise data is presented district-wise in Table 3.13 below. Based on the Fifth Economic Census, the North-West District with a share of 17.33% in Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

3-9

Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

the total number of enterprises is leading the table. This is closely followed by the South District (14.16%) and West District (13.39%). In the case of employment, the South District with a 16.80% share is in the forefront. It is followed by the North-West District (14.35%) and the West District (11.36%). New Delhi District is ranked least, both in the case of the number of enterprises and employment among the 9 districts for obvious reasons. Table 3.13 - District- wise numbers of Enterprises with Selected Principal Characteristics

Source: Fifth Economic Census – 2005 (Provisional Results), GNCTD

Worker Characteristics The following Table indicates the estimated distribution of population in Delhi according to the 48th, 55th and 57th rounds (July 2001 to June 2002) of NSS under state sample: Table 3.14 - Estimated Distribution of Population (in lakhs) S. No.

Particulars

1 2 3 4

Employed Unemployed Labour Force (1+2) Out of Labour Force Estimated Population (3+4) Percentage of unemployed person to Labour Force

5 6

48th Round (Jan.-Dec. 1 992) 32.61 (33.04%) 1.96 (1.99%) 34.57 (35.02%) 64.14 (64.98%)

55th Round (July 1999-June 2000) 38.94 (29.29%) 5.59 (4.20%) 44.54 (33.49%) 88.44 (66.51%)

57th Round (July 2001 to June, 2002) 41.75 (29.93%) 2.95 (2.12%) 44.70 (32.05%) 94.80 (67.95%)

98.71 (100.00%)

132.98 (100.00%)

139.50 (100.00%)

5.67

12.55

6.60

Note: Household Consumer Expenditure in Delhi (Based on NSS 57th Round 2002)-Dept. of Eco. & Stats)

From the above Table it may be seen that while the total number of persons as well as the labour force increased in absolute terms, there was a decrease in relative terms from 34.57 lakh in (48th Round) to 44.54 lakh (55th Round) and 44.70 lakh in 57th Round (2002). The distribution of the work force by type of activities as per 48th round (Jan.Dec. 1992) and 55th round (July 1999-June 2000) is given in Table 3.15 below. Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

Table 3.15: Distribution of Workforce by Type of Activities S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Activities Agriculture Mining Manufacturing Electricity, Gas, Water etc. Construction Trade, Hotel, and Restaurants Transport, Communication etc. Finance and Business Activities Public Admn., Education, Health etc. Total

(in lakhs)

48th Round 0.92 (2.82) 7.84 (24.04) 0.09 (0.28) 1.78 (5.46) 6.85 (21.01) 2.59 (7.94) 1.53 (4.69) 11.01 33.76)

55th Round 0.60 (1.54) 8.78 (22.55) 0.11 (0.29) 2.26 (5.78) 11.31 (29.05) 2.91 (7.47) 2.49 (6.40) 10.48 (26.92)

32.61 (100.00)

38.94 (100.00)

Note: Figures in brackets indicate percentages

From the above table it may be seen that as per the 55th Round of NSS (2000), the major sources of employment in Delhi are Trade, Hotels and Restaurants (29.05%) followed by Public Administration, Educations, Health etc.(26.92) and Manufacturing (22.55%) The status–wise distribution of work force as per 48th round (1992), 55th round (2000) and 57th round (2002) of NSSO Surveys, given in Table 3.16 shows that out of the total work-force, the number of self-employed persons increased from 13.05 lakh (33.51%) in 55th round to 14.61 (35.00%) lakh in the 57th round. The regular/wage salaried persons increased from 22.91 lakh (58.84%) in 55th round (2000) to 25.21 lakh (60.38%) in 57th round (2002). Table 3.16: Distribution of Workforce S. No. 1

Descripti on Selfemployed

48th 10.00

Urban 55th 11.91

57th 14.17

2

48th 1.22

(in lakhs) Rural 55th 1.14

Regular / 17.11 20.87 22.88 1.61 2.04 Wage Salaried 3 Others / 2.41 2.71 1.86 0.17 0.27 Casual Wage Labourers 4 Total 29.61 35.49 38.91 3.00 3.45 Work Force Source: Annual Plan On Manpower & Employment 2005-06, Planning Department, GNCTD

57th 0.44

48th 11.31 (34.68%)

2.33

18.72 (57.41%)

0.07

2.58 (7.91%)

2.84

32.61 (100.00%)

Total 55th 13.05 (33.51 %) 22.91 (58.84 %) 2.98 (7.65%)

57th 14.61 (35.00%) 25.21 (60.38%) 1.93 (4.62%)

38.94 41.75 (100.0 (100.00 0%) %) Manpower & Employment Office,

Informal Sector The informal sector contributes significantly in generation of employment and income. Of the total of 17.45 lakh persons employed in 8.38 lakh enterprises in the informal sector during June 1999 -July 2000, 8.50 lakh (48.72%) were employed in trading activities. Manufacturing sector accounts for 4.12 lakh persons (23.60) followed by other service sectors.

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

Organized Sector As per the Employment Market Information (EMI) of Dept. of Employment, Govt. of NCT of Delhi, employment in the organized sector declined slightly from 8.45 lakh in March 1998 to 8.39 lakh in March 2004. Unemployment According to the results of 48th & 55th Rounds of NSSO conducted during 1992 and 1999-2000, 1.96 lakh and 5.59 lakh persons were found to be unemployed during the period (Table No. 3.14). As per NSS 57th Round conducted during 2002, 2.95 lakh persons were found unemployed. Table 3.17 - Distribution of Unemployed Persons by Level of Education Attained S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Education Level Illiterate Literate+ Primary Middle Secondary 10+2 Graduate & Others Total % of Total

Male

Female

Total

% of Total

32525 50080 51183 61074 26114 47912

57563 36989 43708 41804 39980 70198

90088 87069 94891 102878 66094 118110

16.11 15.57 16.97 18.40 11.82 21.13

268888 48.09

290242 51.91

559130 100.00

100.00

Source: Annual Plan on Manpower & Employment 2005-06, Manpower & Employment Office, Planning Department, GNCTD

From the above table it may be seen that out of the total unemployed persons, graduates and others constitute 21.13%; followed by those educated up to secondary level (18.40%). Educated unemployed persons constitute 83.89% of the total estimated unemployed persons in Delhi during 2000. 3.3

PRIMARY SECTOR The Primary sector has seen a steady decline in terms of share in the GSDP. This is to be expected as rural and agricultural lands are developed to cater to the rapid urbanization of the city. A quick snapshot of the income of the various types of enterprises in this sector is given in the table below. Table 3.18 - Net Income and Growth in the Primary Sector (in Rs. Lakhs)

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

The sector has been more or less stagnant over the last 10 years. 3.4

SECONDARY SECTOR The Secondary sector has seen a steady decline in terms of its share of GSDP. One of the major factors was the policy of shifting polluting industries out of the NCT area. This has lead to a general slow down in industrial activity as can be seen from the chart below. However, the major factor of growth in this sector has been the performance of the construction industry, which at 21.39% CAGR is the highest in all the industrial segments. A quick snapshot of the income of the various types of enterprises in this sector is given in table 3.19 below: Table 3.19 : Net Income and Growth in the Secondary Sector

(in Rs. Lakhs)

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04

3.4.1 Industry During the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) in 2003-04, there were 3193 factories in the organized sector. The primary characteristics of these industries have been shown below in Table 3.20 Table 3.20: Important characteristics of the organised industrial (Factory) sector during 2003-2004

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

Organised Industry The summary results revealed that during the reference period of ASI 1 2003-2004, a larger 2 number of factories were engaged in manufacturing 3 of wearing apparel, dressing and dying of fur 4 (17.71%); followed by 5 manufacture of fabricated material product except 6 machinery (8.55%); 7 manufacture of machinery 8 9 and equipment (8.49%); and manufacture of rubber and plastic product (6.66%); manufacture of publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media (6.42%) These five industries together account for 45.7 percent of the total working factories, provide employment to 58.24 percent of the total employees and utilize 51.98 percent of fixed capital stock. Their share in the gross value of output and net value added by manufacture were 37.33 and 44.84 percent respectively. No. of Factories Covered Census Sample Total Individual Proprietorship 36 953 989 15.06% 32.26% 30.97% Joint Family (HUF) 0 26 26 0.88% 0.81% Partnership 74 1001 1075 30.96% 33.89% 33.67% Public Limited Company 50 103 153 20.92% 3.49% 4.79% Private Limited Company 79 871 950 33.05% 29.49% 29.75% Govt. Deptt. Enterprises 0 0 0 Public Corporation 0 0 0 Co-operative Societies 0 0 0 Others 0 0 0 TOTAL 239 2954 3193 100% 100% 100%

S .No Type of Organisation

The study during the Annual Survey of 2002-03 reveals that: 1. Factories under the group ‘partnership’ numbering 1075 (33.67 %) were the highest in the factory sector; followed by individual proprietorship-989 (30.97%); Private Limited Company-950 (29.75%); Public Limited Company153 (4.79%); Joint Family (HUF)-26 (0.81%) in that order. 2. In the Census Sector, Pvt. Ltd. Companies number 79 (33.05%), Partnerships-74 (30.96%), Public Limited Company-50 (20.92%), Individual Proprietorship-36 (15.06%) and other organisation as Joint Family (HUF), Govt. Dept., Public Corporation & Co-op Society are Nil.

The Census Sector consists of the following categories: • Units having 100 or more workers and • All factories covered under Joint return and contributing significantly in terms of GVA. Sample sector: All industrial units of the entire ASI frame minus the Industrial units of the Census Sector will form the sample sector.

3. The pattern in the Sample sector, however was slightly different i.e. Partnership 1001 (33.89%) occupied the top position, followed by Individual Proprietorship 953 (32.26%), Private Ltd. Company 871 (29.49%), Public Ltd. Company 103 (3.49%), Joint Family (HUF) 26 (0.88%) in that order. Household Industries The “Report on Unorganised Service Sector in Delhi”, based on the data collected during the 57th NSS survey, indicates that nearly 69.25% of the total enterprises in the unorganized service sector in Delhi were household Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

enterprises, employing about 2.21 lakh workers. As per the 4th Economic Census, the total number of Own Account Enterprises (OAE), which are the same as household enterprises, is 329,190. Of this, Retail Trade accounted for a whopping 135,398 followed by Transport at 34,991 and Manufacturing & Repair at 34,659. Unorganized Industry The pattern of enterprises and employment in the unorganized industrial sector is very similar to that of the organized sector. Here too the manufacturing of wearing apparel, dressing and dying of fur has the largest representation with 27.42% followed by manufacture of fabricated metal at 13.93% and manufacture of furniture at 10.82%. These sectors also provided the highest employment with 30.22%, 10.14% and 9.65%, respectively. Table 3.21: Distribution of Enterprise and Employment by Type in the Unorganized Sector

Description Manufacture of Wearing Apparels; Dressing & Dyeing of Fur Manufacture of Fabricated Metal Products, Except Machinery & Equipment Manufacture of Furniture; Mfg. NEC Manufacture of Food Products & Beverages Manufacture of Textiles Manufacture of Rubber & Plastics Products Manufacture of Paper & paper Products Publishing, Printing & reproduction of Recorded Media Manufacture of Machinery & Equipment Manufacture of Electrical Machinery & Apparatus Tanning & Dressing of Leather: Mfg. Of Luggage, Handbags, Footwear etc. Manufacture of Basic Metals

Enterprises Rank Number Percentage

DELHI Employment Generated Number Percentage

Rank

52168

27.42

1

239948

30.22

1

26499

13.93

2

80515

10.14

2

20586

10.82

3

76646

9.65

3

17986

9.45

4

56084

7.06

5

15898

8.35

5

75273

9.48

4

9520

5

6

38023

4.79

6

6873

3.61

7

27608

3.48

8

5454

2.87

8

22054

2.78

10

5254

2.76

9

29520

3.72

7

4549

2.39

10

26820

3.38

9

4133

2.17

11

18605

2.34

12

3968

2.09

12

17550

2.21

14

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

Description Manufacture of Motor Vehicles, Trailers 7 Semi-Trailers Manufacture of Radio, Television & Communication Equipment & Apparatus Manufacture of Wood Products Manufacture of Chemicals & Chemical Products Manufacture of Medical, Precision & optical Instruments, Watches & Clocks Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment Manufacture of Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products Recycling Manufacture of Office, Accounting & Computing Machinery Manufacture of Tobacco Products Total

Enterprises Rank Number Percentage

DELHI Employment Generated Number Percentage

3615

1.9

13

17866

2.25

13

3148

1.65

14

21480

2.7

11

2869

1.51

15

8261

1.04

17

2707

1.42

16

14711

1.85

15

2606

1.37

17

10098

1.27

16

1250

0.66

18

6560

0.83

18

704 378

0.37 0.2

19 20

3106 3004

0.39 0.38

19 20

94

0.05

21

209

0.03

21

18 190277

0.01 100

22

117 794058

0.01 100

22

Source: Report on Unorganised Manufacturing Activities in Delhi, 56th Round

3.5

Rank

TERTIARY SECTOR The tertiary sector, accounting for 76% of the GSDP of Delhi, is also the fastest growing. Banking & Insurance and the Real Estate & Business Services showed the highest growth rates at 20.17% and 17.22% CAGR between 1993-94 and 2003-04. Overall the sector growth at 16.53% was the highest of all the 3 sectors. Table 3.22 Net Income and Growth in the Tertiary Sector

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

(in Rs. Lakhs)

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

Source: Economic Survey of Delhi 2003-04

The major industries under this sector, in terms of income are Banking & Insurance and Trade, Hotels & Restaurants at 30.21% and 25.56% respectively as per the figures shown above for 2002-03. Other areas of potential growth include Real Estate and Other Services. 3.5.1 Trade, Hotels & Restaurants Trade, along with Hotels & Restaurants accounts for over 43.5% of the total enterprises in Delhi and contributes to nearly 20% of its GSDP. The figure below shows the breakup by enterprise group. This sector has been growing at a near 14% CAGR between 1993-94 and 2002-03.

As per the Fourth Economic Census, there were 268,091 enterprises under the Trade classification, which employed a total of 694,034 persons. Of this Retail Trade accounts for the highest number in terms of enterprises and employment. 3.5.2 Retail Trade The Retail Trade sector accounts for 33.7% of the enterprises in Delhi. A majority of the enterprises in this sector are in the unorganized category accounting for 135,398 enterprises against 95,735 in the organized category. These enterprises provide employment to 535,887 persons.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

3.5.3 Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services accounts for only 4.25% of the total enterprises in Delhi though it contributes to over 33% of its GSDP. This sector has been growing at over 19% CAGR between 1993-94 and 2002-03. As per the Fourth Economic Census, there were 29,153 enterprises employing a total of 207,465 persons. 3.5.4 Unorganised Trade As per the report on Unorganised Sector in Delhi (based on NSS 57 during 200102) the total numbers of enterprises operating in NCT of Delhi and falling within the purview of unorganised service sector were estimated as 244,873. Out of them, 11,467 (4.68%) were in rural areas while 233,406 (95.32%) were operating in urban areas. Of these, 169,577 (69.25%) were household enterprises (OAE) operating without any hired labour and 75,296 (30.75%) were establishments with at least one hired worker. In Delhi, Community / Social / Personal service activities, including other transport accounted for 22.57% followed by Real estate, Renting and Business activities with 14.38% share while Restaurants contributed 14.06%. These three categories taken together contributed for more than 50 percent of the total number of enterprises. 3.5.5 Estimated Employment The total employment provided by the un-organised service sector enterprises was about 5.92 lakhs. Out of the total employment, 15,885 persons (2.68%) were employed in rural enterprises while 575,909 persons (97.32%) were employed in the enterprises operating in urban Delhi. Household enterprises (OAE’s) employed about 2.21 lakh persons, (37.36%) whereas 3.71 lakh persons (62.74%) were gainfully employed in establishments. Out of the total persons employed 47.86% were working owners, 47.03% hired workers and the rest of 5.11% fall in the category of other workers which includes un-paid house hold workers, helpers etc. Of these, female employees accounted for only 15.5%. The average employment of own account enterprises stood at 1.3 persons and in establishments this was as high as 4.93 persons, though out of the total of 278,335 hired workers, more than 70% were found to be skilled. Enterprises dealing with Community/Social/Personal services etc accounted for 19.44% followed by Health & Social Work with 16.12 %, and Restaurants which contributed 15.62 % of the total employment. These enterprises taken together provide employment to more than 50 % of the persons employed in this Sector. 3.5.6 Financial Indicators Delhi has recorded the highest combined Gross Value Added per worker as well as per enterprise among 35 States / UTs in the country. Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 3 City Economic Profile

The Gross Value Added per annum, per enterprise, in the unorganised service sector was Rs. 1.52 lakhs. The Value Added per worker in this sector was estimated as Rs. 62,998 per year. Value added per worker in OAE’s was Rs. 37,844 and that of establishments was Rs. 77,939 per annum. The Value Added per worker was relatively high in enterprises located in urban areas (Rs. 63,770) as compared to that of (Rs. 35,011) enterprises located in rural areas. About 20.03% of these enterprises were expanding, 52.61% were stagnant, 10.93% were contracting as per the assessment of the entrepreneurs. 3.5.7 Other Features About 25.30% of these enterprises were household based. 57.93% have independent premises outside the household and 16.77% were mobile / hawkers type. Of these, 94.28% enterprises were proprietary in nature. The major problems faced by the entrepreneurs included shortage of capital (16.42%), local problems (13.64%), competition from other units (13.35%) and power cuts (10.14%). The share of enterprises found registered under some authority or act was 93.25% among Own Account enterprises and 91.17% among establishments. Only 3.14% of the enterprises in Delhi have availed any type of assistance. 3.6

ISSUES Overall the economy of Delhi appears to be on a pretty sound footing. The growth rate and the sectoral trends are quite in line with global trends for very large cities. However, there are a few points of concern. The major points include: 1. The comparatively large influx of low quality manpower from neighboring states could skew the skill level available. 2. The lack of focus on major value-add sectors like Software, BPO, Communications and Biotechnology is likely to lead to a situation where the Value-Add per employee / enterprise would be affected adversely. It is ironic that these sectors which have established a strong presence and a fast growth trajectory in the NCR towns like Gurgaon and NOIDA, yet have to make much headway in Delhi. 3. The highly skewed sex ratio in the employment sector, with 15% females in the workforce.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 4 : City Environment Profile

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile

CHAPTER – 4 CITY ENVIRONMENT PROFILE 4.1

INTRODUCTION Delhi’s unprecedented rate and scale of urbanization over the last few decades has created enormous stress on the natural resources of the city. In comparison to the urbanization rate in the last 50 years, the rate of environmental degradation grew at a much higher rate. The alarming fact is that it has not ended. This degradation includes loss of green cover, loss of biodiversity and aesthetics, air pollution, surface and ground water pollution, loss of water bodies, receding water table, high incidence of diseases and mortality. According to World Bank estimates, the pollution itself caused nearly 9900 deaths in the year 1995. Environment degradation cannot be ‘cured’. The cure is never complete, losses are too high and remediation is far too expensive. Given this complex scenario, the approach to manage and control has to be strictly adhered to, which will support the smooth development of the city. This chapter gives a description of the existing status of environmental conditions in the city of Delhi

4.1.2 Environmental Management Environmental regulation, although not new "The State shall endeavor to to India, has been given focus only in the protect and improve the eighties. Although the laws are environment and to safeguard comprehensive, enforcement has been weak the forests and wildlife of the and this has been one of the major causes country". of environmental degradation in Delhi. There are several regulatory agencies operating at the national and city level for implementation of regulations. Table 4.1 shows the various agencies and their roles. Table 4.1: Agencies in Environmental Management and their Role Agency

Role

Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) Central Pollution Control Board

Compliance of water, air, noise parameters at Delhi level Compliance at national level, monitoring of water quality of the Yamuna and discharging drains at various locations Ensuring water supply & managing raw water in Delhi, discharges in Yamuna Solid Waste Management, drainage and sewerage, street cleaning Enforcement of environmental regulation in NCR, hazardous substances

Delhi Jal Board Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) Environmental Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPPCA) Department of Industry – Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC) Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

relocation of polluting and non conforming industries

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Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile

Delhi Development Authority (DDA) New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) Delhi Police Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB) Central Water Commission Central Ground Water Board Ridge Management Board Irrigation and Flood Control Department NGOs – TERI, CSE, TAPAS, INTACH

Development of parks and open spaces Solid waste management, drainage and sewerage, street cleaning of the New Delhi area Auto emissions, noise pollution, public health and hygiene Solid waste management, drainage and sewerage, street cleaning of the Delhi Cantonment area Monitors the river flow and water quality at three regular stations Ground water monitoring through 108 stations Management of Delhi Ridge Management of water bodies – lakes, tanks and ponds of Delhi creating awareness, research and conducting studies, publications, creating awareness

Source: Discussions with Stakeholders

All the above mentioned agencies are concerned with activities directly dealing with environmental services, environmental infrastructure investment, environmental planning at the project and sectoral levels. Only two agencies, DPCC for Delhi and EPPCA for NCR are responsible for regulating, monitoring and enforcing environmental concerns. 4.2

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT BASELINE

4.2.1 Physical Features The city of Delhi lies in the fertile Northern Plains of India. The main features of Delhi are the Aravalli hill ranges and the Yamuna river. The Aravalli hill ranges are covered with forest called the Ridges. The Yamuna is the main source of drinking water for the citizens of Delhi. There is a forest cover of nearly 11.5% of the total area in Delhi. Delhi’s mineral sources are primarily sand and stone which are used for construction activities. 4.2.2 Geology The geology of Delhi features pre-Cambrian to Quaternary formations in age. The pre Cambrian formations are represented by the Alwar Quartzites. These are overlain by the Aeolian deposits, which are further overlain by the old and the new alluvial deposits. 4.2.3 Climate

Environmental protection is a fundamental duty of every citizen of this country under Article 51-A(g) of our Constitution which reads as follows: "It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures."

Delhi has a semi arid climate, with hot summers, average rainfall and moderate winters. Mean monthly temperatures range from 14.3˚ C in January to 34.5˚ C in June. However, the temperatures go upto 40-45˚ C in summers and 4-5˚ C in winters. The annual precipitation is about 711 mm falling largely during the monsoon months (July – September). Dust storms are frequent during the summer months leading to an immense build-up of particulate matter in the atmosphere. Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile

4.2.4 Wind Direction Wind directions vary with season. In the summers, the predominant wind directions are from the west in the morning and either west or northwest in the evening. In the monsoons, the predominant wind directions are from the southeast or west in the morning and from east (in July and August) or north-west (in September) in the evenings. During the post monsoon season, west and calm winds predominate in the mornings while in the evenings, north and northwest winds are most frequent. In the winter mornings, southwest and west winds dominate, while in the evenings, northwest and north winds are frequent 4.2.5 Land Resources Delhi covers an area around of 1483 sq kms based on the estimations in the Master Plan. It consists of the Yamuna Flood Plain, the old Khadar (earlier flood plain) and the Bangar (upper alluvial plain). Majority of the land is covered by fine-to-coarse loamy soils with different levels of moisture-retention capacity. This land has been converted to urban use. 4.2.6 Water Resources Delhi’s sources of water consist of surface and ground water. Ground Water Ground water exploration is carried out at a depth range of 50 to 150 m in the Delhi Quartzite. The Quaternary deposits constitute the major repository of ground water. Total ground water resources in the NCT Delhi are estimated around as 28156.32 ha m (Central Ground Water Board). The annual extraction of ground water is estimated around 47945.18 ha m (Central Ground Water Board).

Ground Water Usage industrial , 9

losses, 3

irrigation , 40

domestic, 48

Source: CGWB

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile

Net Ground Water Availability in Delhi – Unit-wise Central 1%

East 2%

North 3% New Delhi 1%

West 12%

North East 3%

North West 32%

South West 34%

South 12%

Source: Ground Water Resources of National Capital Territory Delhi, CGWB, 2006

Pre Monsoon Water Level The Pre Monsoon Water Level is measured in the month of May. The levels at various locations done on the year 2003 by CGWB are shown in Table 4.2 & Table 4.3. Table 4.2: Pre Monsoon Levels of Ground Water in Delhi Location Asola Bhatti, Tuglakabad, Ladosarai, Satbari, Pushpvihar, Balbirnagar Ghottorni, JNU NCERT, Vasant Kunj, Ayanagar, R K Puram, Shekhawati Line, Palam Road, Basant Gain, Samalkha Central Parts, North of Najafgarh Jheel, South Eastern Part of West Districts Along Yamuna, Parts of North, Northwest Parts

Level (m below ground level, bgl) 40-60 40-60 30-40 10-20 5

Source: CGWB

Table 4.3: Post Monsoon Levels of Ground Water Location Asola Bhatti, Tuglakabad, Ladosarai, Satbari, Pushpvihar, Balbirnagar Ghottorni, JNU, Palam Board, Kabul Line, R. K. Puram, Shanti Path, Chanakyapuri, IIT Gate, Lado Sarai NCERT, Vasant Kunj, Ayanagar, R K Puram, Shekhawati Line, Palam Road, Basant Gain, Samalkha North, Western & Southern Parts of Northwest, Northern Part of West District Central Parts, South Eastern Part of West Districts, Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

(m below ground level, bgl) Level 20-40 20-40 20-40 5-10 10-20

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Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile

Location Samalakha, Dwaraka, Naraina belt, Mahavir Banasthali, Talkatora, Rail Bhawan, Cannought Place, Kidwai Nagar Along Yamuna, Parts of North, Haroli-Sanoth-KherakalaLibaspur-Banda bahadur Marg belt Northwest Parts, North, North East, Najafgarh Jheel, South Western Parts

Level 540

Source: CPCB

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile

The above levels include the excessive levels during festival times especially Diwali. 4.4.2 Water Quality Sources of Water Pollution Waste water is generated by the domestic, industrial and commercial sectors in Delhi. With the increased human activities, there has been a corresponding rise in the amount of waste water generation in the city. Levels of Water Pollution The critical parameters of measuring water pollution are Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Another critical parameter which has emerged over the last few years is the faecal coliform. Depletion in DO and increase in BOD levels are prominent features of the stretch of river Yamuna passing through Delhi. LOCATION Najafgarh drain at Wazirabad before conf. to river Yamuna, Delhi Western Yamuna canal at Haiderpur water works, Delhi Yamuna at Wazirabad (Palla), Delhi, CPCB Yamuna At Ring Road, Delhi, CPCB

Yamuna At Agra Canal, Delhi, CPCB

DESIRED CLASS

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

C

D Totcoli

D Totcoli

DO Totcoli

C

D Totcoli

D Totcoli

D Totcoli

D Totcoli

D Totcoli

C

E DO, BOD, Totcoli

D Totcoli

E DO, BOD, Totcoli

D BOD, Totcoli

C

E DO, BOD, Totcoli

NA

E BOD, Totcoli, Fammoni a NA

NA

NA

Source: CPCB

Designated-Best-Use Drinking Water Source without conventional treatment but after disinfection

Class

Outdoor bathing (Organised)

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

A

B

Criteria 1 .Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 or less 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 3. Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less 1 .Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 or less 2. pH between 6.5 and 8.5 3. Dissolved Oxygen 5mg/l or more

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Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile

Drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection

C

Propagation of Wild life and Fisheries

D

Irrigation, Industrial Cooling, Controlled Waste disposal

E

Below-E

4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less 1 . Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 5000 or less 2. pH between 6 to 9 3. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 3mg/l or less 1 .pH between 6.5 to 8.5 2. Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more 3. Free Ammonia (as N) 4. Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20oC 2mg/l or less 1 .pH between 6.0 to 8.5 2. Electrical Conductivity at 25oC micro mhos/cm Max. 2250 3. Sodium absorption Ratio Max. 26 4. Boron Max. 2mg/l Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria

Source: CPCB

Ground Water Quality Groundwater quality in Delhi varies with depth and space. Generally the quality of ground water is alkaline with pH ranging from 7.1 to 9.2, chloride content ranges between 21 and 1380 ppm. South of Delhi average chloride content is 250 ppm while in Najafgarh area it is around 1000 ppm. The ground water study done by the NEERI for MoEF revealed high nitrate and fluoride concentrations. High metallic content, particularly manganese and iron have also been observed in the samples collected. The manganese content was found to be 0.1 mg/L against the permissible limit of 0.5-mg/L and iron concentrations of 4.05 mg/L to 0.337 mg/L have been observed. Ground water in the maximum part of the South district is fresh and potable with electrical conductivity ranging from 320 to 4130 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. Electrical conductivity values more than the permissible limit are observed at Deragaon, Molarbund and at Gadaipur. High values of nitrate are found at four locations i.e. at Gadaipur, at Rajokri and at Jaunapur. In north Ghitorni and Andheri More, Fluoride is more than permissible limits. Except chromium concentrations at one locality, ground water is devoid of pollution by heavy metals. A comparison of ground water quality from 1983 to 2000 shows quality deterioration in the central part of the Chhattarpur basin and in the areas around Nizamuddin. The electrical conductivity of shallow ground water in the Southwest district varies from 630 to 13200 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. In the detailed Electrical Conductivity map prepared for this district, ground water quality is fresh with electrical conductivity 1000 to 2000 micro-mhos/cm at 25` C. Thus, with overdevelopment of ground water resources in the district, more and more areas are becoming brackish.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile

Source: CGWB

Figure 4.1: Ground Water Quality in Delhi 4.4.3 Noise Sources of Noise Pollution Delhi has excessive noise. This is generated by the traffic, industry, celebration of festivals, construction activities, diesel generating sets, etc. Levels of Noise Pollution Noise is notified as a pollutant under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Although stringent permissible noise level regulation has been set by the CPCB, noise levels exceed these limits almost everywhere in the city. Monitoring is also done by CPCB and few private agencies. Noise limits have also been prescribed to the automobile manufacturers, domestic appliances, construction equipments and others.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile

Table 4.14: Noise Levels at Various Locations in Delhi Location Day 73 66 57 60 70 72

Maharani Bagh Malviya Nagar Lodhi Complex Palam Colony Punjabi Bagh Timarpur

Noise Level (DbA) Night 67 66 48 67 67 65

Source: NEERI, 1995

Table 4.15: Permissible Limits of Noise Levels Category of Area Industrial Area Commercial Area Residential Area Silence Zone

Day 75 65 55 50

Limits of Noise Level (DbA) Night 70 55 45 40

Source: CPCB

4.5

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

4.5.1 Depletion of resources Ground Water The abstraction of ground water is more than the estimated availability of ground water. CGWB estimates that 47,945 ha m water is extracted for domestic, industrial and irrigation purposes. Surface Water There is a high loss in the water bodies of Delhi. Most of them have vanished. A Public Interest Litigation has been filed for the misuse and use for alternate purposes of these water bodies. River Yamuna The city of Delhi was set up on the banks of river Yamuna. The river stretches for 22 kms along the city. The river is a source for drinking water, irrigation and others. However, with the combined effect of a modified flow regime due to water holding structures or barrages, withdrawal of water for various purposes and the cumulative discharge of domestic, industrial & agricultural wastewaters has converted Yamuna into an open sewer particularly in the Delhi stretch. As a result, there is severe impact on the bio diversity of the ecosystem and public health. Yamuna Action Plans In 1993, the Union government launched the Yamuna Action Plan (YAP), YAP to tackle the river’s pollution. Its first phase (YAP-I) was scheduled for completion during April, 2002, but an extended phase of YAP-I ran from May 2001 to February 2003. Currently it is passing through its second phase (YAP-II, 2004-08). Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile

Till March 2004, YAP’s total expenditure stood at Rs. 674 crores. After Rs 55 75 Crores spent per kilometer on cleaning it up, the river is more polluted than ever. The condition of depletion and degradation of the river is shown in the map below. (Ref: Down to Earth, April, 2005).

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile

Delhi itself contributes to 70% of the Yamuna Action Plan I pollution load of the entire river and it got only 2.7% of the treatment capacity created under YAP. Further, • Building Sewage treatment plants to treat domestic sewage the YAP has not taken into account the common effluent relation between pollution load • Building treatment plants to treat generated, state-wise, and sewage industrial waste treatment created. Under YAP’s extended phase, Rs 150 crores was • Repairing city sewage systems – drains, pumps and pipes channeled into Delhi, to set up 1146 • Building sewage systems and lowtoilet complexes in 1100 slum clusters cost toilets to connect the waste and 46 resettlement colonies to tackle of slums and poor settlements to the problem of sewage disposal. An treatment plants analysis by the National River • Building electric crematoria Conservation Directorate shows 60% of these complexes remain unused; they have no water, or are too expensive for people to use, or simply improperly sited or ill maintained. Despite of all the expenditure and allocations and Supreme Court interventions, the BOD load in the river has been unabated. Investments v/s BOD 450

300 260 387.17

300 Investment in Delhi (Rs. crores)

130

200

BOD Load in tones per day

166.62

150

100 19.94

0

0 YAP phase I 1993)

YAP extended phase (2001)

YAP phase II (2004)

Source: National River Conservation Directorate, 2004 & CPCB

Highlights of YAP II The focus of the YAP II is to implement schemes which have visible and tangible impact on the immediate improvement of water quality of water, carry out palnning of activities for future such as preparation of master plans and feasibility studies and synchronise engineering and non engineering components. The estimated cost for YAP II is Rs 387.17 crores. The main highlights are: -

Preparation of master plans for wastes of dairy farms, dhobighats, crematoria

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 4 City Environment Profile

-

Physical works of STPs at Okhla, Keshopur, Belapur, Wazirabad, Ring Road Trunk

-

Public participation and awareness

-

Institutional strengthening and capacity building of MCD

-

Public relations

Forest Cover The degradation, misuse and insensitive treatment of the forest cover in Delhi sums up the threat to not only the environment but to the overall sustainability of the city. The Ridge area of Delhi has degraded tremendously due to by roads, buildings, traffic, garbage dumping, lopping of trees and grazing by livestock. Mining and quarrying activities in the past have degraded the South-Central Ridge causing enormous loss to biodiversity. Although as reported by the Deptt of Forests there has been an overall increase in the forest cover in the last 10 years, degradation of the forests in some pockets of the city has increased. An ecologically important location, the Asola Wildlife sanctuary, was established to protect and conserve the city’s flora and fauna. However, this sanctuary is again under threat with the proposed scientific land fill at the Bhatti Mines. The Delhi Ridge was once inhabited by leopards, deers, antelopes, wolves, jackals, hog deer, etc which have vanished over time. Air Environment The alarming levels of SPM which are way beyond the permissible levels are a serious area of concern. Even the RPM levels were exceeding the permissible limits. Although the SOx & NOx levels are just within the permissible limits, the measures to control and manage these have to be sustained. Environmental Health The city suffers from all the health related problems caused by a polluted atmosphere. High occurrence of respiratory infections, heart problems, sickness from water and vector-born diseases and other diseases because of exposure to ambient and indoor pollutants and inappropriate disposal practices of municipal solid waste have become the way of life in the city. Poor living conditions, constant exposure to the pollutants, untreated wastes has resulted in high incidence of diseases like diarrhea, hepatitis, dengue and others. Green House Gases Delhi is releasing around 16 million tones of CO2 emissions, mainly contributed by vehicles, power and residential sectors. This quantity if unabated could be a major threat to stabilizing Climate Change.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 5 : Land Management & Urban Growth

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

CHAPTER - 5 LAND MANAGEMENT & URBAN GROWTH 5.1

INTRODUCTION Delhi is located strategically on two National Highways (NH-2 & NH-8) that connect Delhi to Kolkata and Mumbai. NH-2 & NH-8 are two prime vertices of the Golden Quadrilateral Corridor of the National Highways Development Project. The city attracts a migrant population of 645 per day from various part of the country, mainly from the northern region. In order to control the unprecedented growth of Delhi, the approach of ‘planned decentralization’ has been suggested as per the MPD-1961 & 81 and NCR Plan 2001 & 21. This chapter deals with the physical growth trends and planning efforts undertaken in Delhi. An attempt has been made to understand future growth trends and issues related to urban development. The approach at the NCR level is presented in the box below: The NCR Plan 2021 has proposed a six tier settlement system i.e. Metro Centre, Regional Centre, Sub-Regional Centre, Service Centre, Central Village and Basic Village. Seven metro centers (Faridabad-Ballabhgarh; Gurgaon-Manesar, Gaziabad-Loni, NOIDA, Sonepat-Kundli, Greater NOIDA, Meerut) are proposed as potential growth nodes to attract capital functions and activities and help in population dispersal from the national capital. Because of their special functional status and size, a very high level of physical, social and economic infrastructure (better than that in the capital) is required to be developed within these towns/complexes. The respective participating states and their agencies would not only be required to create the necessary infrastructure themselves in these Metro Centers but also facilitate the private sector investment therein.

5.2

CONSTITUENTS OF DELHI The National Capital Territory, Delhi (NCTD) area consists of the following three municipal areas(i)

New Delhi Municipal Corporation (NDMC) area at the core. This is the imperial Delhi spread over an area of 42.74 km2 which was established in 1911. It comprises of government Offices & residential areas and commercial nodes with wide roads, parks and open spaces etc. The NDMC area is administered by an 11 member council comprising 3 MLA’s; five government officers and 2 civilians nominated by Central Government; and a chairperson appointed by Central Government. The Council reports directly to Central Government.

(ii)

Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) area, occupying 1397 sq. kms, or most of the area of the city. The MCD further comprises the following areas: • Old Delhi comprising of the walled city (Shahajahanabad) and densely built up areas between the Red Fort and the New Delhi Railway Station on the periphery;

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

• • • • •

Civil lines along the Ridge and Delhi University area in the North with large plots and open spaces; New colonies, which have come up in last 50 years on the Southern and Western sides; New development across the Yamuna river comprising of Shahadara in the North, Patparganj & Mayur Vihar in the South; 728 squatter settlements, spread over an area of 9.68 km2 all over the NCT area. Around 185 villages in outer Delhi area and 135 urban villages characterized by haphazard development with marginal municipal services etc. (outer Delhi is included in MCD limits and accounted for in the MCD area).

The MCD is administered by an elected council comprising ward councilors from each of the 137 wards in the area. (refer Section 13, “Institutional Arrangement”). The MCD reports directly to the Central Government. (iii)

Delhi Cantonment area between the Airport and the NDMC area, spread over an area of 42.97 km2. The cantonment area is administered by the Delhi Cantonment Board (DCB), which reorts directly to the Central Government (Ministry of Defence).

In 1999, the urban area of Delhi covered 701.62 Sq. Kms (Refer Table 5.1 and 5.2; and Figure 5.1). Table 5.1: Constituents of National Capital Territory of Delhi Constituents MCD AREA Walled City Area Walled City Extension Rest of MCD Area (including Urban Extn. and Rural areas) NDMC AREA DELHI CANTONMENT BOARD NCTD AREA

Total Area in km2 (2001) 1397.3 11.6 23.0

Total Population in ‘000 1981 2001 6899 11244 582 570 568 624

1362.7

3768

8049

42.7 43.0 1483

496 NA -

587 NA -

Source: (i) Master Plan of Delhi-2001 & 2021; (ii) Status Report for Delhi-21, Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), January 2001

Table 5.2: Delhi Area Statistics S. No. 1. 2.

Item Total Area Urban Area*

3. 4. 5. 6.

Natural Features to be Conserved** Balance Area Available for Urbanisation Addl. Area Proposed for Urbanisation (2021)*** Proposed Urban Area (2021)

Area (Sq. kms) 1483 701.62 (47.3%) 195.09 586.29 276.29 977.91 (66%)

* As per IRS-IC LISS 3 Satellite Data ** Including. forests, ridge, rivers, wildlife sanctuaries, other water bodies and drains *** Preliminary estimate, MPD 2021 Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

Total Area of these Zones is 20-22000 hectare. Additional population of 2.5 million to be accomm-odated in these zones at a density of 250 pph.

These Zones are holding population more than assigned during MPD 2001. The activities such as wholesale Market; ISBT; Vegetable Market et. can be removed from these Zones to Urban Extns.

P1 & P2

N M C

H

O A

B

E

K1

Re densification of the zones with low density and L high land value has been proposed

& K2

D G

F

J

Figure 5.1: Planning Division in NCTD Area

5.3

EXISTING CITY ASSESSMENT Delhi city region comprises of three components (i) Existing Urban Area; and (ii) Urban Extensions. The existing urban area has been classified as (a) Planned area; (b) Special Area; (c) Ecologically sensitive areas and (d) Unplanned areas. The descriptions of these areas are presented in Table 5-3. Table 5.3: Description of Various Components of Delhi Urban Area Components of Delhi Urban Area PLANNED AREAS

SPECIAL AREAS UNPLANNED

Description The planned area of Delhi include (i) Influence area along MRTS and Major Transport Corridor; (ii) Lutyens Bunglow Zone; (iii) Chanakyapuri area; (iv) DIZ area; (v) Mata Sundari Area; (vi) Civil Lines Bunglow area; (vii) Other part of NDMC area;(viii) Planned built-up housing; (ix) Planned (Hierarchical) Commercial Area; (xii) Planned Industrial Area Special areas as defined on the plan cover about 2600 ha and have been divided into three separate parts (i) Walled City; (ii) Walled City Extension and (iii) Karol Bagh. These are characterized by a mix of different land uses and have similarities in built form. The unplanned areas are distributed homogenously across the urban

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

Components of Delhi Urban Area AREAS

URBAN EXTENSIONS

Description form. These areas are (i) Slum & JJ Clusters; (ii) Resettlement Colonies; (iii) Urban Villages; (iv) Unauthorized Colonies; (v) Informal Shopping Areas; (vi) non conforming Industrial areas. These areas provide substantial housing stock; commercial and industrial development. The urban extensions are peripheral areas which experience pressure of development. These areas comprise of villages, unauthorized colonies and JJ clusters. As per MPD-2021, 29 lakh population already exists in these areas. The urban extensions where development processes have been initiated are Dwarka, Rohini Phase III, IV and V and Narela.

Source: Compiled from Master Plan of Delhi, 2021

The development status of the city has been revised with respect to Existing Linear Development; Development in Special areas; Unauthorised / Unorganised Colonies; Housing Supply & Demand; Planned & Unplanned Commercial & Industrial areas and ecologically sensitive areas. 5.3.1 Influence Zone along Major MRTS and Major Corridors The growth of Delhi over the years has been on a ring and radial pattern, with reliance on road based public transport. The development envisaged by previous plans was poly-nodal with a hierarchy of commercial centres located on either ring or radial roads. The proposed MRTS network has been acting as a development catalyst and has sizeable impact on the existing structure of the city. 5.3.2 Development Profile along Major Corridors The road network can be categorized into four types i.e. Arterial roads, sub arterial roads, minor arterial road and collector roads. About 1100 km of road length are provided with right of way of 30m and above. The road network comprising of ring and radial pattern has C.P. as a focal point with Mathura road, Lal Bhadur Shastri Marg, Aurobindo Marg, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Gurgaon Road (NH 8) Patel road, Shankar road, Rohtak Road, G.T Road (NH1), Loni road, Shahadra road, NH 24 bypass forming the radials while Mahatma Gandhi Road (Ring Road), Outer Ring road, Noida road- Bund road forming the prominent rings. These radial and ring roads serve as major arterials to carry bulk of traffic in the city. These major corridors are high intensity development zones with planned and unplanned development along them. The predominant developments along the major corridors are presented in 4 & Figure 5.2. Table 5.4: Development Intensity along Major Corridors of Delhi Name of Corridor NH-2 (Delhi Kolkata): Major arm of Golden

Characteristics & Type of Development The length of NH-2 in NCTD is around 20km from Badarpur Border to Rajghat. It is one entry point to Delhi and has industrial,

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Problem • Encroachments at Jaitpur & Badarpur intersection reduce the carriageway width. • Prone to water logging during

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

Name of Corridor Quadrilateral

Characteristics & Type of Development institutional and residential development. At the entry point it is characterized by haphazard and unplanned growth residential & industrial areas in urban villages.

Problem

•

•

rainy seasons and lack of suitable drainage infrastructure Bottleneck at the entry point with industrial, commercial development and Bus & Truck parking Environmental degradation because of filling of water bodies and low lying areas for commercial uses such as petrol pump, Transport training institute, Sarai Kale Khan ISBT. The corridor passes through low lying area and the development in the Yamuna Bed. It has unorganized development in villages such as Khicripur, Pandav Nagar etc. The corridor has been encroached by JJ clusters. These clusters are devoid of basic infrastructure facilities leading high interaction with the corridor. Low lying areas along the corridor are used for dumping of HH and construction wastes.

The length of NH-24 in NCTD is around 15km from Ghazipur to NH-2 intersection at IP Park. It was at Ghazipur which is a major fish & chicken market; and fruit & vegetable market of Delhi. It also has major garbage dumping site. It mainly traverses through haphazard development within urban villages and Patparganj & Mayur Vihar society complexes. The proposed site for common wealth games is also in proximity to this corridor.

•

NH-1 (Delhi to Kanpur: Major Corridor traverses through industrial nodes of Delhi and UP

The length of NH-1 from Samli border to TP Nagar Border is around 40 km. It traverses through Industrial areas (Wazirpur, Jahangirpuri, Badli in North and Jhilmil & Shahadara in East), Institutional area (Delhi University, IP University, Old Secretariat), Resettlement Colonies (Babarpur, Saleempuri, Seemapuri et.al)

NH-10 (Delhi to Rohtak): It is an important corridor in West Delhi connecting second order settlements of Haryana NH-8 (Delhi to Mumbai): Connecting the National Capital to the

It is around 25km in length in NCTD extending from Savdar Ghevra to Sarai Rohilla. It traverses through the urban extensions of Delhi, which have potential for future development. It is connected to Dwarka and Rohini through ring roads.

• High density industrial; commercial and unauthorized development • Truck parking near the TP Nagar border in east with transport operators located along the corridor • Encroachment on the corridor due to unauthorized development have transformed the urban built form in the area along the corridor • Development of resettlement colonies and industrial areas at the urban periphery has led to unauthorized and unplanned growth of village settlements in and around these areas.

NH-24 (DelhiLucknow): Major Corridor Connecting Important business centres of Uttar Pradesh to National Capital

It is around 15 km in length in NCTD extending from Rajokari Border to Daulakaun. It is one of most developed corridor of the city with industrial; residential

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

•

•

• It mainly has planned development and high traffic volumes due to its linkage to planned residential areas, Dwarka and IT city Gurgaon.

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

Name of Corridor Economic Capital of the Country and traversing through major industrial nodes of the country Outer and Inner Ring Road

Institutional Corridor

MRTS Corridors

Characteristics & Type of Development and commercial development. Most of the predominant historical monuments are also accessible through this corridor. It has intense commercial development near Rajokri border with large open spaces due to the Airport and cantonment areas. It connects urban periphery to New Delhi and Old Delhi Areas. The ring road is of 75 km in length connecting institutional and industrial areas in the north to residential and industrial area in the west; and historical sites & institutional area in south and east. The institutional corridor of the city is of around 45km in length and traverses through Pusa road, Central Secretariat Complex, AIIMS, IIT, CWC and JNU areas

MRTS has been planned to cover the spread of Delhi and its peripheral area. The metro station complexes at 2km distance are nodes for commercial development.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Problem • Its proximity to the Airport leads to high interaction with Cargo and goods traffic. • It is also connected to institutional areas of Delhi and traverses through intense residential development, prone to landuse transformation. • Ring road has now become part of the city transportation network with high intensity commercial and industrial development. • It has experienced transformation of residential areas to institutional and commercial areas --- eg. Green Park; Hauzkhas; Pusa road etc. These Landuse transformations have led to pressure on physical infrastructure of the city. • These nodes are vulnerable to encroachment by unauthorized commercial development if not planned along with schemes for corridor development.

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

NH-1

Ghaziabad

ROHINI RESIDENTIAL AREA NH-10

NH-1 WALLED CITY &ITS EXTN

NH-24

INSTITUTIONAL AREA Low Density Area DWARKA RESIDENTIAL AREA

NOIDA HERITAGE PRECINCT

Faridabad Gurgaon NH-2

NH-8 Figure 5.2 : Major Transport Coordination

5.4

LOW DENSITY AREAS IN CITY There is a large proportion of underused land with number of vacant sites or unutilized built areas within the central city. A majority of these are government lands having mostly low density (2 story structures) and old housing. As per the study, government is able to provide housing to only 30-35% of its employees within these areas. The gross densities in these areas are around 160 PPH against 350 PPH in the adjoining areas namely Safdarjang Enclave extn; Munirka; Bhikaji Cama commercial complex. Table 5.5 presents the development profile of low density areas. Table 5.5: Development Profile of Low Density Area EXISITING AREA Lodhi Colony RK Puram Moti Bagh Laxmibai Nagar

GROSS DENSITY IN PPH 222 190 145 225

GROUND COVERAGE

FAR

18 17 15 19

37 35 31 38

Source: Ravi Kumar Kakkar, Unpublished Thesis on Urban Design Strategies for Renewal of State Owned Housing Estates, Urban Design Department, SPA, 1992-93.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

As per the provision of MPD-2001, the gross density of residential areas should be 350 PPH or 78 DU/ha with FAR of 33% against the existing FAR of 15%; whereas in commercial areas ground coverage of 25% and FAR of 100% is permitted. MPD-2001 & 2021 have recommended comprehensive planning for improvement and redevelopment of these areas in order to make the best use of land resources (Refer Figure 5.3). Motibagh

Lodhi Colony

Laxmibai Nagar RK Puram

Figure 5.3 : Low Density areas in Delhi

5.5

STATUS OF SPECIAL AREAS The special area has been divided into three parts namely (i) Walled City; (ii) Walled City Extension and (iii) Karol Bagh. These are characterized by a mix of different land uses and have similarities in compact built form, narrow circulation space and low rise high density developments mainly accommodating residential, commercial (both retail or wholesale) and industrial uses. Therefore it is important that these areas, which are already established with identified uses, continue to play an active economic role (Refer Figure 5.4). (a)

Walled City Area: The traditional walled city area is a core of the business district. The area is prone to commercialization, particularly with improved accessibility due to the MRTS. Around 20% of the wholesale trade enterprises (37000 enterprises) of urban Delhi are located in the walled city accounting for 12% of the employment.

(b)

Walled City Extension: Pahar Ganj, Sadar Bazar, Rosanna Road and their adjoining areas are called as walled city extension. These are old congested built-up areas mainly with mixed land use. For upgradation of the environment in these areas minimum level of infrastructure and parking are to be provided.

(c)

Karol Bagh Area: Karol Bagh area has been one of the important commercial centres outside the walled city. The land use transformation

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

from residential to commercial has led to increase in parking demand, reduction in available road width and pressure on other physical infrastructure. Therefore, this area is due for comprehensive redevelopment on the basis of mixed use concept with provision of parking and up gradation of facilities and utilities. The grid iron pattern is an asset to regulate and pedestrianise traffic movement. CORE OF BUSINESS DISTRICT

COMMERCIAL CENTRE

‰ ‰

‰ ‰

Provision of parking and up gradation of facilities and utilities Grid Iron Pattern is to be treated as an asset to regulate and pedestrians the traffic movement

KAROL BAGH AREA

‰ ‰

Potential for Commercialization Proposal to Trade Activity Special area

Shift

Treatment

Wholesale of

Heritage

Reconstruction & Redevelopment

WALLED CITY WALLED CITY EXTN. AREA

MIXED LANDUSE

‰ ‰

Provision of minimum Level Infrastructure & Parking Facilities Redevelopment in redevelopment scheme

term

of

comprehensive

Figure 5.4: Status of Special Area of Delhi

5.6

UNAUTHORIZED & UNORGANIZED COLONIES The unplanned areas of the city include Slum and JJ Clusters, Resettlement colonies, unauthorized colonies and urban villages. Slum and JJ clusters have been discussed in detail in chapter 6. The section below presents in detail the status of unauthorized colonies and urban villages. Unauthorized Colonies The large scale land acquisition by DDA, unregulated growth of urban fringes and housing shortage are the genesis of unauthorized colonies in Delhi. There are around 1432 unauthorized colonies1 providing shelter to around 30 lakh people. In the past unauthorized colonies have being regularized only twice in

• 1

Though an official figure suggests that 1432 such colonies exist in Delhi, there are at least 200 more such colonies which sprung up after March 2002 for which no policy exists.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

Delhi. Once in 1961 when over 100 colonies were regularized and last time in 1977 when around 600 colonies where regularized. Affluent unauthorized colonies included Sanik Farm; Anant Ram Dairy (near RK Puram), Mahendru Enclave (near Model town); other colonies include Zakirnagar, Jamianagar, Anand Parbat, Khanpur Extension, Viswas Nagar, Bawana, Madanpur Khader etc (Figure 5.4). Around 1000 unauthorized colonies are on private land developed by builders. The infrastructure status in these colonies is marginally better than slums. No metalled road exists in any of these colonies, nor is there a provision of sewer lines and other facilities. Urban Development Department, NCTD has been putting up various models for regularizing these against the resident’s demand of regularization without any charges (on the line of earlier regularization in 1977). The UDD proposals are presented in Table 5.. Table 5.6: Unauthorized Colonies Regularization Model Facilities

5.7

Charges (Rs per m2)

Power

Rs 6600 Per KV

Water

Rs 220 per m2

Sewerage

Rs 355 per m2

Roads and Drains Total Fixed Charge

Rs 400 per m2 Rs 1060 per m2

The cost for regularization of 100 sqm of plot is Rs 1 lakh. Delhi Government had invited application from residents associations for all unauthorized colonies in October 2004, through a public notice. The applicants were asked to submit their area plans. 1153 applications were received out of 1432 unauthorized colonies.

URBAN VILLAGES 165 urban villages and 52 census towns form part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD). These urban villages have undergone significant physical and functional transformation related to their specific location. Villages are characterized by a mix of different land uses and have similarities in compact built-up form, narrow circulation space and high density developments. These mainly accommodate residential, commercial, industrial and mixed uses. These areas, established with identified uses, continue to play an active economic role.

5.8

STATUS OF SHELTER IN CITY Urban Delhi accommodated about 11.5 lakh households in different housing developments in 1981. The Housing shortage at the beginning of second plan (MPD-1981-2001) period had been estimated at about 3 lakh dwelling units which included (i) Squatter and shelterless, (ii) Families sharing houses in congested built-up areas; (iii) houses requiring immediate replacement. Therefore it had been estimated that 16.2 lakh DUs were required for the period of 1981-2001 as shown in Table 5..

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

Table 5.7: Housing to be built (1981-91) Year

New Housing required

Average per year

1981-86

323000

65000

1986-91

379000

76000

1991-96

434000

87000

1996-01

483000

97000

Total

1619000

81000

Source: A People’s Housing Policy; The case study of Delhi, Hazards Centre, January, 2003

As against this, Table 5. indicates the actual housing development in Delhi until 1995. This indicates that for the period of the second Master Plan (1981-2001), in fact DDA was able to provide land and housing for only 34 per cent of target. DDA and cooperatives (42.5%) met their share of 43% and the site & services plots resettlement sites (23.9%) correspond to the 25%, but the allotment of plots for individual families (31.7%) significantly exceeded the 17% provision. Table 5.8: Development of Housing Type

upto 1971

1971-81

1981-91

1991-95

Total

%age

5600

60000

129000

57000

251600

23.5

59000

82400

135600

63000

340000

31.7

-

94661

72960

36000

203621

19.0

35000

162700

40000

18300

256000

23.9

9500

6000

4500

-

20000

1.9

Total

109100

405761

382060

174300

107122

100.0

DUs per Year

10910

40576

38206

43575

31506

DDA Flats DUs on individual plots DUs by Cooperatives Resettlement Schemes Slum Rehousing

Source: A People’s Housing Policy; The case study of Delhi, Hazards Centre, January, 2003

5.9

STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT As per economic survey of Delhi 2001-02, there were about 1,29,000 industrial units in Delhi in 1998, against 85050 units in 1991. An average unit employed 9 workers while 30% of units employed less than 4 workers. Units related to textiles products constitute the largest number followed by repair services and electrical machinery. Table 5.9 shows the growth of industrial units and employment. Table 5.9: Growth of Industrial Units and Employment Year

Number of Industries

1981 1991 2001

42000 85050 129000

Number of Employee 568910 730951 1440000

Employees per Industries 14 9 11

Source: Compiled from MPD-2021

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

i) Existing Planned Industrial Areas: Out of 1.3 lakhs industrial units in Delhi, only around 25000-30,000 are located in planned industrial areas (Refer Figure 5.5 & 5.6). The existing industrial estates are Bawana; Narela; Badali; Mangolpuri; Okhla; Patparganj and Shahdara. These industrial areas were developed in the 70s and over the years have deteriorated considerably in terms of physical infrastructure. The industrial estates in the city are owned by three agencies- Delhi State Industrial Development Corporation (DSIDC), Delhi Government Industries Department and DDA. These industrial estates have various problems such as pot-holed roads, overflowing garbage bins, lack of water supply, improper electricity installations and absence of banks, common facility centres and post office. All the 28 industrial estates are plagued with the following problems. •

Poor Water Supply: Water is supplied in these industrial estates for less than half hour per day leading to diminishing quality of the produce.

•

Bad Roads: The poor road connectivity to industrial estates has made industries withdraw from the area, leading to low occupancy and poor cost recovery. Bawana industrial estate is spread over 1900 acres of land but only around 10 per cent plots are occupied.

•

Garbage Disposal: Garbage is littered on the roads and overflows out of the dustbins. The collection system is unreliable.

•

Freehold Issue: There is a duality in the policy of the centre and the state. While DDA gives plot on freehold basis, the Delhi government still has a leasehold policy which does not give full ownership of land to the unit owner.

•

Encroachment: Several plots are encroached by slum dwellers. The estate manager does not have the power to evict these encroachers.

ii) Unplanned Industrial Area: A survey of residential areas with industrial concentration has revealed that only seven qualify clearly for regularization (as per the criteria of more than 70% industrial use). The remaining can get regularized only after considering godowns, commercial shops and commercial godowns as industrial activity (Refer Table 5.10) Table 5.10: Percentage breakup of Unregularised Industrial Areas in Delhi Areas Jawahar Nagar Karawal Nagar Haiderpur Shalimar Village New Mandoli Basai Darapur Khyala Rithala Mundka, Swarn Park Mundka

Industrial Concentrati on 75.18 78.86 76.06

Industrial Godowns

Comme rcial Use

Commercial Godowns

Total 75.18 78.86 76.06

80.70

80.70

72.36 75.07 70.22 57.81

13.53

72.36 75.07 70.22 71.34

64.06

20.90

84.96

48.35

25.87

74.22

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

Areas Naresh Park Extn. Peeragarhi Nawada Hastsal-Pkt A Hastsal-Pkt B Dabri Libaspur Sultanpur Mazra

Industrial Concentrati on

Industrial Godowns

2.17

18.11

60.44 69.31 63.38 66.47 52.24 57.85

11.52

41.29

20.32

7.05

Comme rcial Use

Commercial Godowns

Total 70.28 71.96 74.60 82.67 78.23 74.67 70.14

5.29 18.99 11.76 15.38 12.29 8.70

5.01

75.32

As per the Table above the maximum industrial concentration is in Shalimar village which has 80.70 per cent of the area under industries. Areas that do not qualify even after the inclusion of godowns include Tikri Kalan, Prahladpur, Viswas Nagar, Tri Nagar and Nangli Sakrawati. Two areas have more than 85 per cent industrial concentration (GT Karnal Road-80.64% and Kirti Nagar-95.83%) but do not qualify because the land area is less than four hectare land (Refer Figure 5.5)

Figure 5.5 : Location of Planned and Unorganised Industrial Areas Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

5.10

ECOLOGICALLY SENSITIVE AREAS Besides Delhi’s magnificent built heritage (discussed in detail in Chapter 7), there are natural and historical landscape features (Yamuna River Corridor, Delhi Ridge) and the associated protected areas of natural wildlife (Jasola Wildlife Sanctuary) that characterize the urban form of Delhi. The detail status of Yamuna River Corridor and Jasola Wildlife Sanctuary & Delhi Ridge are discussed below. Areas YAMMUNA RIVER CORRIDOR

JASOLA WILDLIFE AREA AND THE RIDGE

Characteristics of Ecologically Sensitive areas The river front in Delhi has lost its potential heritage, religious, pulic amenity and recreational value. It is surrounded by unplanned and haphazard development of villages and JJ clusters in North; by Thermal Power Plants, Aksardham Temple complex, Commonwealth Game village etc in central part; in the south by Julenagaon; Taimur Nagar, Kalindikunj etc. The problem areas associated with river corridor in NCTD are listed below: • Though an interstate water sharing treaty exists, there is lack of an effective inter state river basin hydro-policy regime. This results in upstream pollution from agricultural pesticides and sub-optimal water extraction practices. • The presence of extensive, high density areas of informal low income housing generating large volumes of untreated sewage and solid waste that is discharged into the river. • A recent Supreme Court Order stipulates that industrial effluent must be treated to a prescribed standard before being discharged into the Yamuna. Making this order operational, through effective implementation, enforcement and monitoring will be critical to the environmental sustainability of the Yamuna. • Within the context of the Yamuna Action Plan, DDA has proposed to change the use of 260 hectare of land in the central tranche to public use. The sustainability of the sensitive ecological habitat of the Jasola wildlife area will also require the formulation and implementation of a special case integrated area strategy that would be likely to include Delhi Ridge as the environmental context and buffer zone to the sanctuary. The problems associated with this area are as follows: • Temporary incompatible use permissions granted for storage, assembly, temporary accommodation (e.g. exhibition related activities) have left behind residual materials. This despoils the area and renders it environmentally vulnerable. • Incremental quarry extraction activities have scared the ridge; and (post working) designation as wasteland by the DDA in its land-use plans has consolidated this abuse.

It is imperative to state that the development of Delhi Ridge and Yamuna City Regional Park System has to be comprehensively looked into to plan for better physical environment & ecological system of the city. 5.11

LAND DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT A brief summary of the roles and responsibilities of central and state government agencies in land management are presented below.

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

Department/Agency

Roles and Responsibilities

Land Record Management, DDA

•

•

Land and Building Department/Revenue Department

•

L&E Department of MCD

•

L&DO GoI, UDPA

•

Deals with Nazul-I lands transferred to DDA from Delhi Improvement Trust and Nazul-II lands acquired under the policy of large scale acquisition for development and disposal of land by DDA after 1957. The functions of the land management department are to acquire land, allot sites for petrol pumps and gas godowns, maintain land records, protect land from encroachment and enforce Master plan section against misuse. DDA has setup six field zones for the purpose of protection of land. The revenue department acquires land on behalf of the DDA/MCD/Slum department. The demand for land acquisition is placed by DDA to the land building department, which acquires the land for the DDA after getting approval from the LG; and after acquisition, places the same at the disposal of DDA, under section 12 of DDA act The L&E department of MCD deals with records of land and properties of the colonies/villages within the jurisdiction of MCD. The department also deals with collection of property tax and monitors its activities through the 12 MCD zones. The department deals with the maintenance of land record of the properties of the GoI. The activities of construction and maintenance are with CPWD.

In NCTD area most of the lands are owned by the DDA, L&DO and central governments. Land under state ownership is limited and sectorally owned. Agricultural land is mainly privately owned and owners pay agriculture tax to the revenue department. However the private sector primarily comprises of individuals; families; trusts; institutions; families; trusts; institutions and firms/companies, which own or seek land or space built on land (refer Table 5.). Table 5.11: Land Ownership in Delhi Land Owning Agency Area in hectare % to Total

25377.2

L&DO (NDMC) 4270.0

Cantonment Board 114352.8

Others (MCD, Railways etc) 4300.0

17.1

2.9

2.9

77.1

DDA

Total 148300 100

Source: DUEIIP, Status Report for Delhi-21

5.12

EFFORTS OF PLANNED DEVELOPMENT In order to encourage planned development in the city, the DDA prepared master plans for the NCTD Area. Various plans prepared for Delhi over the years include (i) Lutyen’s Plan for the New Delhi (the imperial capital) now NDMC area-1911; (ii) Interim General Plan for Delhi prepared by the Town Planning Organisation (TPO) in 1956; (iii) Master Plan for Delhi (MPD) with perspective of 1981 (based on Land use inventory TPO, 1958) prepared by DDA in 1962; (iv) Master Plan for Delhi with perspective of 2001 prepared by DDA in 1990; (v) National Capital Regional Plan (NCRP) with perspective of 2001 prepared in 1989; (vi) Draft Master Plan Delhi with perspective of 2021, prepared by DDA in 2005 (notification awaited) and (vii) National Capital Regional Plan (NCRP) with

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perspective of 2021 prepared in 2005. The salient features of these plans are discussed in the subsequent section. 5.12.1 Master Plan for Delhi (1961-81) MPD-1981 has divided city into 8 planning divisions and planning districts with an objective to make these self contained in employment and community facilities. As per MPD-1981, these divisions were proposed to have populations ranging from 3 to 7 lakhs. Hence each division had 2-3 district centres, which are composite retail shopping centres with commercial and service uses. As per the plan, total land available for urbanization in 1981, was about 440 km2. Beyond this has the “Agricultural Green Belt” which was to be preserved for agricultural use. The proposed activities as per Master Plan (1961-81) are presented in Table 5.12 & Figure 5.7. Table 5.12: Proposed Activities as per Master Plan (1961-81) Land Uses Acquisition of Land and Development

•

Residential

• • • •

Commercial

• •

Slum Improvements & Redevelopment Industrial Area Recreational Areas

• •

• • •

Plan for Rural Delhi

• •

Activities In order to contain the likely population of about 6.0 million by 1981, the following additional land areas were proposed to be developed under various uses: Residential: 30,000 acres; Commercial: 1900 acres; Industrial: 4800 acres; Government: 500 acres; Recreational: 25000 acres Medium and High Density residential development proposed in the planning division A & B (Old Wall City area & its Extension). Average Residential Density ranges from 81 PPA in West Yamuna Canal area to 235 PPA in old walled city area. The average gross density in the Master Plan is about 97 PPA. Redensification of low density areas such as Lodhi colony; RK Puram, Motibagh and laxmibai nagar. Developing Low income housing-1,50,000 units; government housing-1,10,000 units and private housing-4,85,000 units The Commercial area as per MPD 1981 works out to be 0.48 acres/1000 population. The hierarchies of commercial area proposed were Central Business District (CBD); District Shopping Centre; Community Shopping; local shopping and convenient shopping. Development of commercial area of 565 acres. 20 projects were to be developed upto 1981 for slum improvements. These slum areas are Kotla Mubarakpur; Sui Walan; Kucha Pati Ram; Sarai Rohilla; Qadam Sharif; Shadipur Khampur, Ajmeri Gate etc. Areas proposed for industrial development. The details are given as part of Table 5.. It has been proposed to develop 25000 acres of land for recreational use. It was proposed to provide active recreational facilities such as open air theatres, libraries, museums, swimming pools, terraced gardens, landscaped vistas and botanical gardens. The rural towns proposed for the location of light and medium industries are Nangloi Jat, Bawana, Palam and Najafgarh It was proposed to provide 17 local shopping centres for each cluster of villages (within radius of 3 miles from every village), 6 district shopping centres for bigger village groups (within radius of 5 miles from every village) and 3 mandis in more central location (Palam; Khera kalan and Kanjhawala).

Source: Compiled from Master Plan of Delhi-1961-81

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Table 5.13: Proposed Wholesale & Specialized Markets (1981) Market

Proposed Location

Fruit and Vegetable Markets

One mandi near Daya Basti railway station in Sarai Rohilla in North-west and another in South of Delhi at Okhla Site near Teliwara, in north of Sadar bazaar was proposed Jhandewalan area Redevelopment & Modernization of Chandni Chowk area and site west of church mission road Dayabasti near Najafgarh Road

Wholesale Grain Market Bicycle and accessories Cloth Market Fodder Market General Merchandise and hosiery Iron, steel and scrap metal market Building Materials

Improvement and reorganization of Sadar Bazar-Old Bahadurgarh road Jhadewalan; reorganization of junk & scrap yards in Motia Khan West Delhi adjacent to the railway line to Rewari

Area in Acre 35 17 10 10 6 61 15 50

Source: Compiled from Master Plan of Delhi-1961-81

Table 5.14: Proposed Location of Industrial Estates and Zones (1981) Industrial Area

Total Land (in acres) A. Extensive manufacturing

Total Land (in acres) B. Intensive Manufacturing

Najafgarh Industrial Area

716

Flatted industries inlying locations

192

1241

Flatted industries outlying locations Sub-Total

169

Okhla Industrial Area Azadpur Industrial Area Shahdara Industrial Area Rohtak Industrial Area Sub-Total

743

Industrial Area

361

Industrial Area C. Service Industries D. Extractive Industries E. Special Industries Sub-Total

Total Land (in acres) 355 106 165 626

3832 1034 7566

Source: Compiled from Master Plan of Delhi-1961-81

5.12.2 Review of Master Plan Proposals MPD-81 proposed to increase the residential use to 44% from 18% in 1961. However the residential use as per the MPD-61 was 30% which is far below the proposed use. Other uses such as recreational area, as proposed in MPD-81 were 24%, which got limited to 12%. The area under commercial land use was proposed to be 2% but it exceeded to 3.8%. Similarly, the area under Industrial land use was proposed to be increased to 5% but only 3.5% of the area was under this land use in 1981 (Refer 6 & 6 (a)). Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi 5-17 Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

Railways Land Transpo rtati 2% o n Facilities 8%

Recreatio n Use 24%

A griculture 0.3%

Proposed 1981 Railways Land 2%

Residential Use 44%

P ublic & S e m iP ublic Us e 15 %

Agricult ure 16.2% Resident ial Use 18%

Transport at ion Facilit ies 25%

Commercial Use 2% Indust rial Use 2%

P ub l i c & Semi - Pub l i c U se 2 5%

Recreat ion Use 10%

Existing 1961

Co mmercial Use 2%

Industrial Use 5%

Figure 5.6: Proposed Landuse 1981

Figure 5.6(a): Existing Landuse 1961

Other departures from the proposed master plan measures include: •

• • • •

• •

As proposed the enhancement of existing CBD in MPD-81 did not take place. Connaught place & its extension and commercial areas in the walled city and its extension continues to function as CBD with all the associated problems of parking and traffic congestion etcl. As per MPD-81, all non-conforming uses were to be shifted in stages to conforming areas; but no areas with non confirming uses were shifted out. MPD-81 proposed industrial areas consisting mainly of flatted factories; light industries and extensive industries but no flatted factory area was developed except for Jhandewalan area. MPD-81 estimated around 20000 informal sector units in 1981 which is limited to 15%. Moreover plan did not contain any specific proposal for integration of unorganized sector in development schemes. MPD-81 targeted to construct government housing, Low cost housing and private housing as per details mentioned in Table 5.11. During the two decades, only 5.43 lakhs houses had been constructed against target of 7.47 lakh. MPD-81 had proposed 15 district centres out of which only 3 had been developed in 1981 (Nehru Place; Rajendra Place and Bhikaji Cama Place. Two wholesale markets namely Fruit & Vegetable Market (Okhla) and Iron & Steel Market (Jhandewalan) had been shifted out up to 1981; and two cycle & truck accessories markets were partially shifted. Most of the other markets continued to grow further in the walled city creating, further congestion.

5.12.3 Master Plan for Delhi (1981-01) MPD-2001, was based on the basic premise of Balanced Regional Development, which emphasizes restrictive policy of employment generation. The main guidelines for this policy were: (i) only such new Central Government Offices which directly serve the Ministries of the Government of India be located in Delhi; (ii) Industrial Growth in Delhi be restricted to small scale and less labour intensive and (iii) Legal & Fiscal measures to restrict employment and distributive trade.

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

The MPD-2001 projected a population of 12.8 million by 2001 for the entire NCT. However, the plan recommended to restrict the population to 11 million in NCT and divert the remaining 0.2 million to selected towns in the NCR. The population of NCT was however 13.4 million in 2001 Refer Figure 5.8. (i)

Spatial Strategies

The Master plan has come up with strategies for each of the constituents of the NCTD and DMA area. The proposed strategies as per Master Plan (1981-01) are presented in Table 5.15. Table 5.15: Proposed Activities as per Master Plan (1981-01) Constituent Area Acquisition of Land and Development

Proposed Strategy • •

24000 hectare of land to be acquired up to 2001 Land development for residential purpose 12000 ha and industrial purpose 1600 ha

•

Revitalization of Walled City keeping in view the traditional character and style of the buildings Redevelopment of Sadar Bazaar wholesale market by provision of necessary infrastructure and parking areas Prohibiting all heavy commercial vehicles in walled city area Cars not allowed inside the walled city areas with provision of underground parking at Lal Quila, Delhi Gate, Ajmeri Gate, Turkman Gate, Mori Gate and Purdah bagh One way traffic on all the streets of walled city Planning tools such as conservative surgery to be adopted for city upgradation New Concept of Partially built plotted housing has been introduced. This involves partially built housing on individual plots of 70-80m2. Cooperative formation in 600 unauthorized colonies for improvement of low level of physical & social infrastructure Planned Development of Urban extension areas (Rohini, Dwarka and Narela) Augmentation of housing at focused locations-Patparganj, Sarita Vihar and Vasant Kunj (4000 ha) Existing CBDs-Old Wall City, Connaught Place and Karol Bagh two Sub CBDs, Proposed 2 Sub-CBDs (One in Trans Yamuna Area & other in the urban extension area) Existing Five district centers; 22 new district centers proposed (14 in existing urban limits & 8 in the urban extensions) It was proposed to develop four regional wholesale markets in different directions integrated with freight complexes. 11 regional cum local wholesale markets as secondary wholesale markets are proposed to be developed in different planning divisions. Provision of Hostel accommodation for single; minimum 25% as site and Services and 45% housing up to 2 rooms dwellings for about 1 lakh LIG families Infrastructure up gradation in 44 resettlement colonies and provisions of income earning opportunities within or proximity of resettlement colonies Provision of slum housing for 49000 families Industrial area redevelopment scheme for Anand Parbhat (Light

• Walled CitySpecial Area

• • • • • •

Residential • • • • Commercial

• • •

Slum Improvement & Redevelopment

Industrial use

• • •

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

Constituent Area

Proposed Strategy

•

Recreational Area

• • •

Plan for Rural Delhi • Channelisation of River Yamuna

•

Industrial Area); Shahdara (Light Industrial Area) and Shampur Badli (Extensive Industrial Area) Provision of 16 new light industrial areas (Total area of 1533 ha) was to be developed in urban industrial extensions (UIE). Each UIE upto 5 units of about 20 ha. Provision of 1.6 km wide green belt beyond urbanisable limits Provision of Divisional sport centres-7nos; District level children parks-11nos; Development of lakes-2nos Five villages were identified as higher order growth centreBakhtwarpur; Bawana; Jharoda Kalan; Dhansa and Chawala. Six villages were identified as lower order growth centre- Jagatpur; Ghogha; Qutab Garh; Jaunti; Mitron; Gommanhera Environment improvement of 120 villages and development of 11 central villages Development of river front considering all ecological and scientific aspects as project of special significance for city

Table 5.16: Proposed Wholesale & Specialized Markets (2001) Proposed Location

Area in Hectare

Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khadar & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West

70

Patparganj in east; Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West

43

Loni Road in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West

53

Market A. MARKET WITH WAREHOUSING Textile & Textile Products Auto, Motor Part & Machinery Fruit and Vegetable Market Hardware and Building Material Iron and Steel Food Grain Timber Plastic Leather and PVC Relocation of Junk Market Truck Terminal

Regional cum local Markets

Patparganj & Loni Road in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khader in South; Nazafgarh in South West Patparganj & Loni Road in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Urban Extension in South West

53 25 32 112

Patparganj in east and Urban Extension in South West

19

Patparganj in east

4

Patparganj in east; Madanpur Khader & Urban Extension in South; Najafgarh & Urban Extension in South West Sub-CBD (Shahdara); Okhla; Rohtak Road District Centre; Shivaji Place District Centre in North; Wazirpur District Centre; Rohini District Centre; Markets of 810hectare in each urban extension and fodder markets was to be developed in the rural areas

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219

157

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

Market

Proposed Location

Area in Hectare

Integrated Freight Complex

Madanpur Khadar (NH-2); Patparganj (NH-24); GT Road (NH-1) and Bharthal (NH-8)

-

Source: Compiled from Master Plan of Delhi-1981-01

•

Review of Master Plan Proposals (1981-01)

Proposals which have not been completed as per the directions of the Master Plan are presented below: o

As proposed the enhancement of existing CBD in MPD-01 did not take place. Connaught place & its extension, and commercial areas in the walled city and its extension continue to function as CBD with all the associated problem of parking and traffic congestion etc.

o

District centres at Jhanakpuri; Laxminagar and Shivaji palace are still in process of development

o

As per MPD-01, all non-conforming uses were to be shifted in stages to the conforming areas but no areas with non-conforming uses were shifted out.

o

No provision of Hostel accommodation for single workers; or minimum 25% as site and Services and 45% housing up to 2 rooms dwellings for about 1 lakh LIG families were made up to 2001

o

Only 1 integrated freight complex at Gazipur is in development stage against the 4 proposed in MPD-01.

5.12.4 Draft Master Plan for Delhi (2001-21) The land use plan 2021 has been prepared based on (i) the policies enunciated for different urban activities; (ii) requirement of additional social and physical infrastructure; (iii) Transportation and work centres; (iv) restructuring of land uses along the MRTS corridors. In order to control development; the areas have been designated as one of the 27 use zones. These zones have been classified into 10 categories2 as shown in Figure 5.9. MPD-2021 projected a population of 23.0 million by 2021 for the entire NCT. However, the plan recommended accommodating 11.4 million people in zone A to H; and 3.9 million in Dwarka, Rohini phase-III, IV & V and Narela; and diverting the remaining 8.0 million in the planned new urban extensions. MPD2021 is in draft stage the detailed provisions and development strategy suggested in the plan will be presented once it is finalized. 5.13

PROVISIONS OF NCR PLAN 2001 & 21 Five towns were proposed in the Master Plan (2001-21) as DMA towns in the Delhi Metropolitan Area (DMA). These include Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Kundli and Loni. A total of 3.5-lakh population was assigned by the Master Plan to these towns for the year 2011. Besides, specialized economic activities were

•

2 The Landuse categories are Residential; Commercial; Industrial; Recreational; Regional Park/Ridge; Transportation; Utility; Government; Public & Semi-Public Use; Agriculture and Water Bodies

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proposed for each of these towns. A brief summary of the land use allocation strategies and provisions in NCR plan is discussed below: Sectors Development of New Townships

• • • •

Development of Transport Sector Industrial Development

5.14

• • • •

Recommendations DMA Towns: Faridbad, NOIDA, Ghaziabad, Kundli, Bahadurgarh and Gurgaon Priorty Towns (Regional Centres): Palwal, Khurja, Hapur, Meerut, Bulandshar, Panipat, Rohtak, Dharuhera, Bhiwadi, Rewari, Alwar Counter Magnet Towns; Patiala (Punjab); Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh); Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh), Kota (Rajasthan), Hissar (Haryana) Sub- Regional Centre: Shikarpur; Philhua; Tijara; Khairthal; Bahror; Bawal; Hathin; Hodal; Jhajjar and Sonipat Development Proposals: Regional Road Links Elevated Expressway on Ring Road Development Proposal-Regional Rail Industrial Development through NCRPB assistance in Loni; Faridabad; Kundli; Gurgaon; Meerut; Barhi; Panipat; Manesar; Bhiwadi; Bawal; Neemrana; Alwar

ISSUES IN LAND & GROWTH MANAGEMENT Some of the major issues emerge from the above analysis are presented below: •

Increasing gap between demand and supply of housing and infrastructure: The growth of unauthorized colonies and JJ clusters clearly indicate the housing status of the city. Consistently, targets for housing provision have not been met. Moreover, the poor have borne the brount of the shortfall. Overall, Around 5 lakh houses are to be constructed to fulfill past back logs, over and above the future demand of 20 lakh houses by 2021.

•

Over crowding, haphazard development without basic services: There are 728 JJ clusters; 1700 unauthorized colonies and 165 urban villages accommodating around 60 lakh population. Of these, barely 25% of the population has access to physical infrastructure.

•

Encroachments on agricultural land and urban villages: The urbanization area is expanding in an adhoc manner, often into the green area. Due to lax development regulations and control, rural areas are falling prey to unauthorized development. Original land owners have parceled their holdings and sold these at high prices to builders/developers. Urban villages have been over-run with haphazard developments

•

Exploitation of Land for unauthorized development: Large portion of urban land in NCT is owned by government generally for public, community and government uses. Without programmed use and efforts for protection, these lands get easily encroached by both marginal groups and unregistered land speculators. This is further aggravated by insufficient official provision of land for various uses – be it residential, commercial or industrial.

•

Non-Conforming Land uses: Around 1 lakh industries are located in nonconforming areas as per MPD. Efforts for relocation have failed due to the

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

inaccessibility to work-centre of the relocation site; lack of infrastructure; security of tenure & assets and affordability of the owner. •

Lack of Linkage of Physical Planning Strategy with Financial Planning: Successful physical planning should respond to economic realities; and support broader financial goals and strategies for the city. The link between these aspects, while strong in the first Master Plan, seems to have weakened substantially in subsequent plans. Failure of implementation has aggravated the situation further.

Figure 5.7 : L A N D U S E M A P 1961 – 81

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Chapter – 5 Land Management & Urban Growth

Figure 5.8 : L A N D U S E M A P 1981 - 2001

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M A P 2001-21 5-24

Chapter – 6 : Urban Poor and Slum

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

CHAPTER - 6 URBAN POOR AND SLUM 6.1

INTRODUCTION Urban Poverty and Slums are the most critical problems of urban development today. In Delhi too, they are a serious issue. The various dimensions of poverty and slums have been discussed in detail in this chapter. This chapter has been divided into three sections. The first section discusses the poverty profile of the city, the characteristics of the poor population and poverty alleviation programmes. The profile of slums / JJ Clusters, with respect to their location, distribution, growth, infrastructure status and requirements, processes of slum development in the city and the slum development programmes by the Slum Department of the MCD and DDA, is discussed in the second section. The last section summarizes the issues related to poverty and slums.

6.2

POVERTY PROFILE OF DELHI The Planning Commission estimates the proportion and number of poor based on the projection of minimum needs and effective consumption. Such a projection is based on the norm of 2100 calorie per capita per day consumption for an urban area. The calorie norms are invariably expressed in monetary terms that change with respect to weighted commodity indices of the consumer price index. The percentage of people below poverty line (BPL) stood at 49.61% for Delhi in 1973-74. The figure has been declining steadily to 26.22% in 1983; 16.4% in 1991 and 14.69% in 1993-94. The percentage of people below poverty line declined to 10.02% in 2001. Table 6.1 presents the zone wise BPL population. Table 6.1: Below Poverty Line Population (2005)

Year 1973 1983 1987 1993 2000

1.06 0.44 0.10 0.19

% age to Total 24.44 7.66 1.29 1.19

0.07

0.40

Rural BPL Population (in Lakh)

Urban BPL Population

%age to Total

21.78 17.95 10.15 15.32

52.23 27.89 13.56 16.03

11.42

9.42

25

21.78

20

17.95 15.32

Urban

15

11.42

10.15 10 5

1.06

0.44

0.1

1983

1987

0 1973

0.19

0.07

1993

2000

Rural

Source: Economic Survey Report, Government of Delhi, Delhi

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

6.3

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF POOR The socio-economic profile of the segment of population categorized as poor is of strategic importance for both planning purposes, and for managing the habitat and its environmental upgradation and improvement. However, comprehensive data is not available for the whole of Delhi, although generalizations can be made on the following parameters based on data available from the few available surveys and studies. It is important to keep in perspective however that inhabitants of LIG / EWS areas are not a homogenous segment. (a)

Income and Expenditure: The average total monthly income per household ranges from Rs. 1500-2500 among the poor. The expenditure of these families is around 5-10% more than their incomes. The per capita monthly income and expenditure is Rs. 245 & Rs. 423 respectively. Poor households, therefore, are increasingly dependent upon loans from the local moneylenders. The monthly income of around 25-30% households is above Rs 1500 and around 45-50% households is below Rs 1000.

(b)

Access to Housing: Housing is a basic need of the poor. Most of the poor do not have access to secure land tenure. 85% of the poor are squatters, and are vulnerable to frequent eviction. 6% of the poor live in rented accommodation and have to pay a substantial portion of their income for rent. Most importantly, such rental quarters do not have even basic infrastructure facilities. The quality of life led by these people is extremely poor.

(c)

Occupation Profile of Poor: 41% of these families work as casual labourers, as most of them are unskilled. However, one-third of the poor also work in the service sector and only 20-25 % is self-employed. Therefore, nearly 52% of the poor households do not have access to a dependable occupation and secure incomes.

(d)

Migration Status and Poor: Migration characteristics have also been included as most of the poor are migrants from rural areas, who come to the city in search of employment. In Delhi, 38% of the total poor have migrated to the city for employment purposes.

(e)

Access to Infrastructure: The infrastructure facilities that have been covered are water and sources of energy for the urban poor. A majority of the poor families (47%) have access to water from community sources. 16% of the families do not have any definite source of water. With respect to source of light, nearly 30% of the families depend on kerosene lamps.

(f)

Pavement Dwellers: Around 1 Lakh homeless people constitute another component of the poor in Delhi. They are mostly found in the Walled City or its surrounding areas and generally sleep on the pavements. There are around 10 night shelters located at Azadpur, Subzi Mandi, Paharganj, Jhandewalan, Red Fort, Old Delhi Railway Station, Azad Market and Roshanara road. The night shelters operated by MCD provide accommodation to only male dwellers.

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

6.4

POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES Swaranajyanti Saw Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) is the main poverty alleviation programme of the government, which was launched in 1997 after merging the NRY (Nehru Rozgar Yojna), PMIUPEP and Urban Basic Services Programme (UBSP). The programme aims not only at economic emancipation of people living below the poverty line but also an improvement in their living environment. The details of the programme are being given in Box 1. Box 1: Salient Features of SJSRY The programme seeks to provide gainful employment to the urban unemployed and underemployed poor, through encouraging the setting up of self – employment ventures or provision of wage employment. It relies on creation of suitable community structures and delivery of inputs through urban local bodies. It is funded on a 75:25 basis between the centre and the state. It consists of two special components of:

6.5

•

Urban Self-Employment Programme (USEP): It has 3 components of selfemployment: setting up of micro-enterprise; setting up of group micro- enterprise under Development of Women and Children in Urban Areas (DWCUA) and training for skills up-gradation of beneficiaries.

•

Urban Wage-Employment Programme (UWEP): The programme aims to provide wage employment by utilizing labour to construct socially and economically useful public assets.

•

Special emphasis is given on formation of Community based structures like CDS, NHGs and NCs.

SHELTER OPTIONS The poor typically inhabit unplanned or semi-planned developments. In Delhi these are classified as (a) Notified Slums in Old Walled City area; (b) Resettlement Colonies; (c) Relocated JJ Clusters and (d) JJ Clusters or Squatter settlements. The section below describes the characteristics of these areas.

6.5.1 Old Walled City Area In Delhi, areas designated or notified as slums under the act are generally located in the Walled City and its adjoining environs. There are 319 katras in the Walled City area with about 3,000 buildings or properties. Out of these, 365 properties have been identified as dangerous and therefore require resettlement of inhabitants. In addition, there are 400 properties, which are with the Evacuee Property Cell of Land and Building Department of Delhi Government. 6.6

SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS / JJ CLUSTERS The squatter settlements are encroachments on mainly public land. As such these are illegal clusters (JJCs) and are devoid of any legal entitlements. However, efforts have been made by the government to extend basic social and environmental services to them (Refer Box 2)

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

Box 2: Urban Poor and Type of Shelter The category of the urban poor mainly comprises of the inhabitants in JJ clusters / squatter settlements. These inhabitants are service providers, which includes domestic help, hawkers and vendors, low paid workers in the industrial, commercial and trade / business sectors etc. The socio-economic constraints on access to income pose constraints to food and other basic necessities including shelter. As a result, they are constrained to live in the worst kind of settlements. Substandard housing is not only the consequence of poverty but also policy and financial constraints imposed on the government departments and agencies to provide adequate services for the poor. However, the type of housing they are constrained to choose is largely the consequence of poverty.

6.6.1 Location and Distribution of JJ Clusters JJ clusters are scattered all over the city. Generally they are situated on the vacant land along railway lines, roads, drains and river embankments and also vacant spaces near residential, industrial and commercial complexes. Around 55 per cent of squatters are near the residential areas and 40% along the road berms (Table 2). Table 6.2: Status of JJ Clusters in Delhi Areas with Encroachment Residential Areas Road Berms Park and Open Spaces Schools Market Railway Station

TOTAL

Number of Squatters 34100 24184 966 500 1093 200

61043

% age to Total 55.86 39.62 1.58 0.82 1.79 0.33

Park and Open Spaces 2%

Schools 1%

Road Berms 40%

Market 2%

Residential Areas 55%

100.00

Source: Sabir Ali, Environment Scenario of Delhi Slums, Centre for Social Development Studies, 1998

It is clear from Table 6.3 that around 70% of clusters have less than 500 JJ’s. This percentage has remained constant from 1991-2001. The sharp decline in the number of JJ clusters (19942001) is attributed to large scale relocation of JJs since 1999. Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

Table 6.3: Size Wise Distribution of JJ Clusters Number of JJ in Clusters Upto 100 101-500 501-1000 1001-1500

1500 above

&

1991

1994

2001

496 311 59 30

396 446 121 54

227 295 110 37

33

63

59

10011500 5%

Above 1500 8%

5011000 15%

Upto 100 31%

101-500 41% 2001

Source: (i) Slum Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi; (ii) Status Report for Delhi-21, Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), January 2001

Some of the major areas with concentrations of slums in various pockets of Delhi are presented in Figure 6.2 and Box 3. Box 3: Areas with Concentration of JJ Clusters The spread of JJ clusters ranges from a plot of 0.4 acres with 8 JJs to JJCs as large as 50 acres with 10,000 households & 45000 population. The average number of JJ per acre comes to 200 with 193 being the lowest (Nazafgarh area) and 206 the highest (Gole Market and Kalkaji areas). The average area of JJ is 20m2. Some of the major area with such concentrations are given below A) HIGH CONCENTRATION: a. Minto Road/Gole Market/Matia Mahal (129 clusters, 43388 JJs, 215.08 acres)-NDMC Area b. Badarpur/Tulaqabad/Saket (79 clusters, 64187 JJs, 79 acres)-MCD Area c. Moti Nagar/ Patel Nagar/Rajendra Nagar (72 clusters, 35,427 JJs, 175.45 acres)MCD Area d. Jahangirpuri/Adarsh Nagar/Model Town/Wazirpur (117 clusters, 71538 JJs, 356 acres) -MCD Area e. Badli/Shahbad-Daulatpur (21 clusters, 27,551 JJs, 137.70 acres) -MCD Area B) MEDIUM CONCENTRATION: a) Delhi Cantonment/Janakpuri/Tilak Marg (17 clusters, 18,982 JJs, 95.03 acres) -MCD Area b) Bishwas Nagar/ Shahdara/Babarpur (44 clusters, 18915 JJs, 88.91 acres)-MCD Area c) Hauzkhas/RK Puram (52 clusters, 14110 JJs, 70.22 acres)-NDMC Area C) LOW CONCENTRATION: a) Nazargarh/Nasirpur/Palam (11 clusters, 363 JJs, 1.83 acres)-MCD Area b) Sarojini Nagar/Kalkaji/Malaviya Nagar/Ambedkar Nagar/ Kasturba Marg (45 clusters, 11,802 JJs, 68.42 acres)-NDMC Area

6.6.2 Growth of Squatter Settlements The squatter settlements or jhuggi jhopari clusters (JJC) assume strategic importance as far as issues of unorganized settlements are concerned. As mentioned in Table 6.4 , in 1951 Delhi had 12749 jhuggi jhopris (JJs) scattered over 199 clusters. By 1973 the number of JJs had reached 98483 spread over 1373 clusters. The resettlement scheme pursued in 1962-77, with a Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

concentrated effort in 1975-77 resulted in the resettlement of 2.4 lakh JJs in different parts of Delhi. In 1977 only 20000 JJ households remained to be relocated. But, in 1983 the number of squatter households had gone upto 1.13 lakhs. In 2001 the JJ clusters had declined to (729 from 1080 in 1994) due to relocation of around 300 clusters from Gautampuri, Kingsway Camp, Ashok Vihar, AIIMS and Hauz Khas etc. Table 6.4: Status of JJ Clusters in Delhi YEAR 1951 1973 1983 1990 1997 2001

JJ CLUSTERS 199 1373 534 929 1100 728

JHUGGI HHS 12749 98483 113000 259000 600000 429662

AREA IN HA 21.1 164.1 188.3 431.7 902.1 650.2

POPULATION 63745 492415 565000 1295000 3000000 2148310

Source: Slum Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi

6.6.3 Land Owning Agencies and JJ Clusters The land owning agencies in whose area the JJ clusters are situated are given in Table 6.5. Eighty Three percent of DDA land is squatted on by 600 JJ clusters (refer Annex-6.1). Table 6.5: Land Owning Agencies and JJ Clusters LO AGENCY DDA L&DO Railway

Number of Jhuggies 1990 1994 280988 349705 21530 29415 12161 17346

Populatio n 1994 1856683 132327 78929

Area in Acres 1865.93 149.86 84.34

MCD

8428

11052

52045

47.29

NDMC Gram Sabha Cantonment Board CPWD Private TOTAL

3226 4132

4487 4360

20182 19619

22.52 21.31

1570

1700

7064

7.86

3040 2454 337529

4316 2885 425266

19421 12980 2199250

16.84 14.45 2230.4

CB MCD 8% 2% Railw ay 4%

NDMC Gram Sabha 1% CPWD 1% 1% Private 1%

L&DO 7%

DDA 83%

Source: Status Report for Delhi-21, Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), January 2001

6.6.4 Access to Infrastructure in Slums/JJ Clusters Water and sanitation facilities in these unorganized colonies, particularly JJ clusters, is poor. Only 21 % of colonies are covered with piped water supply and 10% are covered by sanitation. Table 6.6 presents a satisfactory level of infrastructure availability in unplanned settlements, but these facilities are non- functional in around 75-80% of the settlements. The average population served by one PSP ranges from 250-300 against the standard of 150. Moreover, average waiting time at PSP is 20-30 minutes. Around 85-90% of JJ clusters did not have even community toilets, forcing habitants to defecate in the open near the water bodies or drainage channels. Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

Table 6.6: Water and Sanitation Status in the Unplanned Settlements (2004) Service Provision in Unplanned Settlement

Piped Water Supply

Sewer Facility

Number

% of Colonies

Number

% of Colonies

557

98.2

458

80.7

44 158

100.0 21.7

44 72

100.0 9.8

Regularized Unauthorized colonies Resettlement Colonies JJ Clusters

Source: Slum Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi

6.7

RESETTLEMENT COLONIES Under the schemes for resettlement of JJ clusters 47 resettlement colonies were developed during 1961-77. Around 2.0 Lakh plots were developed accommodating about 2.4 lakh households. These resettlement colonies have degenerated due to intense population pressures and unorganized development. Therefore investment towards up gradation of physical infrastructure has to be made for improving civic life. Annex 6.2 gives detailed list of resettlement colonies in City.

6.7.1 Location of Resettlement Colonies The spatial distribution of these colonies indicates that they are proliferating mainly in the south-east, north east, north-west, south-west and central parts of the NCT of Delhi. There are five colonies in South-East, eight in North-East, 15 in North West, Seven in South West and 12 in central Delhi. 6.8

RELOCATION SITES There are around 11 relocation sites such as Bawana, Holambi Kalan, Papan kalan, Rohini, Narela, Savdar Ghevada etc. The most recent relocation has been made to three principal sites. These are Dwarka (known also as Papan Kalan), Rohini, Narela and Savdar Ghevada. The main pockets from where JJ Cluster were relocated are Central, South and East Delhi areas. Thus, during 19992000, 3741 squatter households from the JJ clusters at CGO complex, Chanakyapuri, Kotla Mubarakpur, Andrews Ganj, Sadiq Nagar, Mahki Sarai, Shahdara were moved to Narela and Rohini. 27.4 acres of land has been allotted at Molar Bund for shifting of the JJ cluster at Gautam Nagar behind AIIMS. In 1997-98, DDA allocated 32 acres of land in Tehkhand village for relocation of squatter families. These relocation / resettlement sites offer no security of tenure to habitants who begin a new life without security, basic services, schools and other basic amenities. (Refer Figure 6.2 & 6.2 (a)) Box 4: Experience of Relocation One of the problems with regard to the strategy of relocation is that of allottees transferring the plots for payment and then squatting elsewhere. According to recent estimates by DDA, more than 50 per cent of the allottees have sold their plots which are now occupied by unauthorized persons. The sample survey in Kalkaji and Dakshinpuri resettlement colony (out of 6238 units only 2350 were original allottees) reveals that around 50% occupants were not original allottees. The transfer of properties has been attributed to the fact that relocation sites planned were 40km away from the existing location of JJ clusters.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

At Bhalswa resettlement site, communities were relocated in November 2000. They started the process of constructing their homes on land allotted to them without any tenure document. Without adequate documented tenure, the residents cannot obtain loans from financial institutions. Additionally, unscrupulous property dealers offer loans to residents and then coerce them to leave under duress. Narela

(10422)

Holambi kalan

Bhalasw a

Rohini (2151)

Bakanwara (2000)

Papan kalan (5650) Madanpur Khadder

Figure 6.2: Relocation Sites and Relocated JJ Clusters

NARELA

BHALASWA JAHANGIRIPURI

PUTHKALAN

KINGSWAY CAMP ASHOK VIHAR

BAKHARWAL A

ASHOK VIHAR

GAUTAMPURI

PAPANKALAN -SECTOR 16A

KALYANPURI TRILOKPURI

PAPANKALAN -SECTOR 1

AIIM NEHRU PLACE HAUZKHAS

Relocation Sites

MADANPUR KHADER MOLADBUND

Eviction Sites

Figure 6.2(a): Relocation Sites and Recent Eviction Sites Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

6-8

Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

6.9

SLUM DEVELOPMENT POLICES & STRATEGIES The approach of the government towards areas notified as Slums under the Slum areas Act 19561 has been three pronged (i) Clearance/Relocation; (ii) Insitu upgradation; and (iii) Environmental Improvement Schemes. Clearance / relocation has been the mainstay of the policy towards the squatters and JJ clusters. The program of squatter clearance was discontinued at the end of the sixth plan (1980-85). The clearance program has been initiated again in 2005. The general policy adopted by the government has been two fold (i) No new encroachment shall be permitted on public land and (ii) Past encroachments viz. those in existence up to 1990 would not be removed without providing alternatives.

6.9.1 Walled City Slum (Katra) Clearance and Improvement There are 319 katras in the walled city area with about 3000 buildings or properties. Out of these, 365 properties have been identified as dangerous and therefore require resettlement of the inhabitants. In addition, there are 400 properties, which are with the evacuee property cell of Land and Building Department, Delhi Government. At present two schemes are being implemented by the slum wing for the improvement of the wall city. These are (i) structural improvement of Katras; (ii) relocation of Katra Dwellers. The salient features of these programmes are presented below. NAME OF PROGRAMME

Katra Structural Improvement

SALIENT FEATURES

ACHIEVEMENT

Structural improvement are made only to those katra properties where: (i) Cost of structural repairs does not exceed Rs 1000 per m2 and habitable space after structure improvement should not fall below 3m2 per inhabitant. (ii) Per capita space is more than 3m2 but cost of repair exceeds Rs 1000 per m2, the occupants are either evacuated or conferred ownership rights to enable them to make improvements either by themselves or by forming a cooperative society. Katra properties that do not fall under the parameter of structural improvement are to be cleared.

About Rs 2 crore per year is being utilized from Plan funds for repair of these Katras by the slum wing and the transferring the ownership right to the residing households for maintenance.

Katra Clearance

Environment Improvement

Environment improvement is undertaken under urban basic

In 9th five year plan, the relocation scheme contains two components. These are construction of 261 flats at Ajmeri Gate, where katra properties were cleared, and construction of 900 incremental type houses in various parts of Delhi. Upto 1989, 14.50 lakh slum dwellers had benefited under

1

The Old city areas and unauthorized colonies are notified as slum under the provision of Slum Area Act 1956. The provisions of the act are not applied to the squatters or JJ clusters.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

NAME OF PROGRAMME in Katras

SALIENT FEATURES

ACHIEVEMENT

services programme (UBS). This programme includes the provision of water supply, sewers, storm water drains, jan suvidha complexes, widening and paving of existing lanes, dalaos/dustbins, community facilities etc.

the programme. The facilities provided are: 78 Multi-purpose centres; 3 open air theatres; 10 physical training centres; 8 social welfare centres; 677 water taps/handpumps; 642 WC seats; 20550 metres sewerline; 122077 metre storm water drains; 5397 street light; 5 lakh square metre roads; 122 parks for children

6.9.2 JJ Clusters and Squatter Settlements Three pronged strategy has been adopted by Government of Delhi2 for dealing with the problems of JJ Clusters. These strategies are (i) Relocation of Jhuggie Households; (ii) In-situ Up gradation of JJ Clusters; and (iii) Extension of minimum basic civic amenities for community use under EIUS schemes in JJ clusters. The salient features and achievement of these schemes and programmes are presented below: NAME OF PROGRAMME

Relocation & Resettlement

In-situ Upgradation of JJ Clusters4

SALIENT FEATURES

ACHIEVEMENT

Under this Strategy, relocation has to be carried out for only those clusters that are required by the land owning agency for projects of larger public interest. The cost of resettlement due to the land owning agency amounts to Rs 29,000 per household. The beneficiary3 is expected to contribute Rs 7000 and the Slum department has to provide a grant of Rs 10,000 towards the cost of sites and services for the purpose of resettlement. The scheme involves re-planning of the existing JJ dwelling units in modified layouts by redistributing the encroached land pockets. The JJ households are given plots of 10 to 12.5 m2 in modified layouts. The beneficiary constructs the shelter under a self help approach with technical extension services from MCD and Slum & JJ department

During 1990-99, about 13000 JJ households have been relocated. During 1999-00, about 3741 squatter households from JJ clusters at CGO complex, Chanakyapuri, Kotla Mubarakpur, Andrews Ganj, Sadiq Nagar, Mahki Sarai, Shahdara were moved to Narela and Rohini.

In-Situ up-gradation has been undertaken in 3 JJ clusters viz at Prayog Vihar (214 DUs), Ekta Vihar (471 DUs) and Shanti Vihar (112 DUs) respectively. At present JJ clusters of Shahbad-Daulatpur are being developed with this approach for providing infrastructure services. In first

2 Government of Delhi has emphasized on two policies with regards to JJ Clusters “Policy-1: No fresh encroachments shall be permitted on public land and Policy-2: Past encroachments which had been in existence prior to 31/01/90 would not be removed without providing alternatives. 3 The beneficiaries staying in JJ clusters prior to 1990 are provided with 18.5m2 plots, whereas those settled in 1990-98 are provided with 12.5m2 plots at the relocation site. The squatters settled after 1998 are displaced without providing alternatives. 4 The implementation of this programme is dependent upon two conditions. One is “No Objection Certificate” from the land owning agency and the other is clearance of the project by the technical committee of DDA.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

NAME OF PROGRAMME

Environment Improvement Scheme of JJ Clusters

SALIENT FEATURES

ACHIEVEMENT

and consultative support from NGOs & VOs. Upto 1992-93, in-situ upgradation was limited within a cost ceiling of Rs. 6000 per dwelling unit, which has been extended to Rs 8000 per dwelling unit. In JJ clusters, which are not being relocated or developed with the insitu approach, basic amenities are provided under the ‘Environment Improvement of Urban Slums Scheme’. The minimum basic facilities provided are as per the prescribed national norm5 of Rs 525 per capita, which has been raised to Rs 800 since April 1995.

phase, 4800 families are being covered and the second phase will take care of 4000 households.

Jansuvidha Complexes: 1985-1991: 138 Pay and Use Jan Suvidha Complexes were constructed. 1995-1999: 365 Pay and Use Jan Suvidha Complexes and 9211 WCs were constructed. Water Supply: Until 1990: 917 water hydrants had been provided in 280 JJ clusters and 601 India Mark-II hand pumps installed in 205 dwellers. Street Light: Upto 1990: In all 4981 electric poles containing 6,318 street light points were available in 326 clusters.

6.9.3 Tenure Funding Mechanisms The current land tenure allotted to the dwellers is for a lease period of 5 to 10 years. The lease period of around 80% dwellers at relocation sites has expired. The NGOs / Slum & JJ Department assist in forming societies by motivating the beneficiaries. Beneficiaries are to meet the incidental charges amounting to Rs 247 towards formation of the Societies. Resettlement is organized by setting up multi-purpose co-operative societies comprising of about 200 families. 6.9.4 Financial Performance of Slum Improvement The amount spent on slum improvement and rehabilitation programmes in the city by the slum department of the MCD since the year 2002 – 03 has been given in Table 6.7. The maximum expenditure of Rs. 179.3 million was in the year 2003-04 under the National Slum Development Programme. A steep decline in the allocations for slum development is evident. Since 1991, the slum department has developed around 55000 plots for relocation of squatters through non-Plan investment and has not utilized the Plan investment as is evident from the table below.

5

The Norms and Standards for basic amenities are: (i) Water Supply-One tap for 150 persons; (ii) Drainage for Waste water and Storm Water; (iii) Community Bath- One bath for 20-50 persons; (iv) Community Latrine- One WC seat for 2025 persons; (v) Widening and paving of lanes; (vi) Street lighting- poles 30 meters apart and (vii) Community FacilitiesCommunity Centres, Dispensaries, non-formal educational centre.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

Table 6.7: Financial Performance of Slum Improvement (Rs Million) Name of Schemes

10th Plan Approved Out Lays

Night Shelter including Mobile

200203

2003-04

200405

2005-06

30

5.9

6.03

6.04

5.51

1200

-

-

-

-

50

11.2

6.03

6.57

18.22

In situ Up gradation of Slums and JJ Clusters

100

-

-

-

-

Environment Improvement in Urban Slums

100

55.6

19.7

18.8

19.95

50

10.0

10.0

8.60

3.9

Structural improvement and rehabilitation of Katras

100

22.5

28.2

25.7

18.57

Incremental Houses for Katra Dwellers

50

5.15

1.8

-

-

Shishu vatikas/common spaces in JJ clusters

25

5.51

4.4

1.3

13.19

1000

176.9

179.4

132.7

88.53

50

-

-

-

-

2755

292.9

255.6

199.8

167.8

Relocation of Squatter Construction of Community Halls

Construction of Pay & Use Jan Suvidha Complex

National Slum Development Programme Study and preparation of perspective plan of sub standard area for next 20 years TOTAL

Source: Slum Department, Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi

6.10

ISSUES IN SHELTER FOR THE URBAN POOR The evaluation of slums, JJ clusters and resettlement sites, housing workers and service providers in Delhi highlighted the following issues: (i)

Legal Security of Tenure: Studies conducted by various NGOs and CBOs highlighted the problem of security of legal tenure, rights of the dwellers on resettlement sites and the JJ clusters. Without adequate documented tenure, the residents cannot obtain loans from financial institutions. Additionally, unscrupulous property dealers offer loans to residents and then coerce them to leave under duress.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

(ii)

Access to Appropriate Mechanisms of Finance: The poor are unable to meet the requirements of conventional financing institutions, and housing micro-finance is poorly developed.

(iii)

In-situ Up gradation of Existing JJ clusters: Around 80% of dwellers of JJ clusters favour in-situ up-gradation of clusters with provision of plots not less than 40m2. In case the relocation is unavoidable, it shall be within 2km radius. If plots cannot be provided, relocation in G+1 structures is preferred.

(iv)

Access to Public Goods and Services: In all the relocation sites, and 8590% of JJ clusters, residents did not have access to public goods and services. These areas lack general health services, access to portable water and sanitation. As discussed above, residents are dependent on private tankers to meet their water need. In all the JJ clusters, residents have to travel average distances of 500m-700m to PSP with an average waiting time of 20-25 minutes. All the twelve relocation sites are not accessible from arterial & sub arterial roads in the city.

(v)

Variable plots sizes at relocation sites: The eligibility criteria for resettlement is restricted to those who are (i) Indian Nationals and (ii) residing on the respective site as on 31st December 1998 as evidenced by ration cards. Because of the cut-off date, upto 40-45% families of JJ clusters are ineligible for relocation. Hence, it has become very difficult to get encroached land pockets completely vacated. The existing practice adopted by slum department for provision of plot to the beneficiaries is (i) 18m2 to beneficiaries settled before 1990 and 12.5m2 to beneficiaries settled during 1990-98. This practice of providing differential plots sizes to the beneficiaries, which is lower than the UNHCR guideline of 40 m2, is one of the major issues to be tackled as part of the slum relocation policy.

(vi)

Land Suitability of Relocation Sites: The land provided for the construction of homes in five of the twelve sites is uninhabitable. In areas of Hastsal, Bhalsawa and Madanpur Khader, around 15-20 % of plots are 5-10 feet below Ground Level and vulnerable to flooding.

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

Annex-6.1 Area of Squatter Settlements in Delhi Classified as per Land Owning Agencies, 1994 S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.

Land Owning Agency Delhi Development Authority DDA / Slum Dept. L&DO Data not available Railway Slum Dept. / Private Slum Dept. DDA / Railway NDMC Gram Sabha CPWD Private MCD L&DO / CPWD Cantonment Board DDA / Private CPWD / Waqf Board CPWD / L&DO Delhi University DDA / Waqf Board DDA / L&DO PWD / Railway MCD / Flood control P&T Dept. Defence Railway / MCD L&DO / NDMC Delhi Admn. / Flood control Flood Control Delhi Admn. Private (Gram Sabha) Archaeological Deptt. PWD TOTAL 1998-99 estimates

Area (in Acres) 1,495.67 297.04 135.92 97.11 90.64 60.00 45.45 37.17 22.27 21.54 16.83 15.09 12.31 11.59 7.85 4.5 4.00 3.25 2.24 2.00 1.50 1.25 0.94 0.90 0.84 0.68 0.62 0.56 0.46 0.26 0.26 0.11 2,390.94

Population 1,346,103 267,336 122,328 87,394 81,571 54,000 40,900 33,448 20,038 19,386 15,147 13,576 11,074 10,431 7,065 4,131 3,600 2,925 2,016 1,800 1,350 1,125 841 810 751 607 553 508 409 234 234 99 2,151,790 3,000,000

% 62.56 12.24 5.68 4.06 3.79 2.51 1.90 1.55 0.93 0.90 0.70 0.63 0.51 0.48 0.33 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.09 0.08 0.60 0.050 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 100.00

Source: Slum Wing, MCD

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

Annex 6.2 Resettlement Colonies in Delhi Name of the Colony More than 1,00,000 Population Jahangirpuri Patparganj Complex, Trilokpuri, Kalyanpuri, Khichripuri Mangolpuri Ph. III 20,000 – 1,00,000 Population Sultanpuri N. G. Road (Sector A, D, E & C) Nand Nagri, Ph. I Dakshinpuri Extn. Madangir Shakurpur, Ph. I & II Seelampur Ph. III and IV Dakshinpuri, R/Scheme Wazirpur Nangloi, Phase II Madipur Less Than 20,000 Population Mangolpuri, Ph. II Naraina Seemapuri Old Nangloi, Phase IV Hastsal Khayala, Ph. I, II & III Seemapuri, New Ph, I, II & III Mangolpuri, Ph. I Addl. Plots at Sultanpuri Addl. Plots, N. G. Road (RBlock, B-Block, etc.) Gokalpuri Nehru Vihar Nand Nagari Extn. Seelampur, Ph. I, II Kondli Nand nagari, Ph. II Tigri Nangloi, Ph. I Chaukhandi Pandav Nagar Shakurpur, Ph. III Kalkaji West of Khanpur Block P.A.G. Extn. N and Nagri Weaver Colony Nangloi, Phase III Shakurpur, Ph. IV Sunlight Colony

Estimated Population

Area (in acres)

21 / 25 / 31 sq. yds.

80 sq. yds.

Tenement

125100 110000

1061.22 2013.87

25020 22000

-

-

105160

332.92

21032

-

-

97010 42100 39975 32145 31770 30780 29275 29015 28425 22035 21610

624.57 213.53 244.33 47.07 139.20 91.53 77.90 3070 52.30 55.70

19402 5829 7995 6429 6354 6156 3586 5803 5685 4407 4322

1591 1277 -

100 922 -

191170 18700 18130 18090 17300 16810 16265 14700 13860 13570

58.49 65.00 44.00 53.81 40.95 49.42 43.84 47.74 220.93 -

3834 3740 3626 3618 3460 3362 3253 2940 2772 2714

-

-

12010 11045 10930 10800 10725 10000 9770 8670 7770 7670 7280 7040 6030 5480

36.72

2402

-

-

30.52 38.42 76.92 38.80 30.23 21.13 45.47 19.55 58.60 17.67 12.40

2186 580 2145 2000 1954 1734 1554 1534 1456 1206 1096

1580 -

1408 -

4270 4260 4225

11.00 15.49 48.05

854 852 679

166

-

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 6 Urban Poor & Slum

Name of the Colony Mangolpuri Seelampur additional plots Ranjit Nagar Sriniwaspuri Garhi Village Moti Bagh, (Ring Road) Total

Estimated Population 3360 2900 2480 2115 1920 1495 1061745

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Area (in acres) 9.41 6.00 15.04 7.68 14.50

21 / 25 / 31 sq. yds. 672 580 -

80 sq. yds. 423 299

Tenement 496 384 -

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Chapter – 7 : Conservation & Heritage Management

IL&FS ECOSMART

Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

CHAPTER - 7 CONSERVATION & HERITAGE MANAGEMENT 7.1

INTRODUCTION Heritage Resource Conservation and Management imperatives for Delhi The distinctive historical pattern of development of Delhi, with sixteen identified capital cities1 located in different parts of the triangular area between the Aravalli ridge and the Yamuna river, has resulted in the distribution of a large number of highly significant heritage resources, mainly dating from the 13th century onwards, as an integral component within the contemporary city environment. (Map-1) In addition, as many of these heritage resources (Ashokan rock edict, two World Heritage Sites, most ASI protected monuments) are closely associated with the ridge, existing water systems, forests and open space networks, they exemplify the traditional link between natural and cultural resources which needs to be enhanced and strengthened in order to improve Delhi’s environment. (Map -2)

7.1.1 Heritage Typologies – Location and Significance These heritage resources continue to be of great significance and relevance to any sustainable development planning vision for Delhi, encompassing a vast range of heritage typologies2, including: 1. Archaeological sites, 2. Fortifications, citadels, different administrative complexes,

types

of

palace

buildings

and

3. Religious structures and complexes, including Dargah complexes 4. Memorials, funerary structures, tombs 5. Historic gardens, 6. Traditional networks associated with systems of water harvesting and management 1 Indraprastha ( c. 1st millennium BCE), Dilli, Surajpal’s Surajkund, Anangpal’s Lal Kot, Prithviraj Chauhan’s Qila Rai Pithora, Kaiquabad’s Khilokhri, Alauddin Khilji’s Siri, Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq’s Tughlaqabad, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq’s Jahanpanah, Firoz Shah Tughlaq’s Firozabad, Khizr Khan’s Khizrabad, Mubarak Shah’s Mubarakabad, Humayun’s Dinpanah, Sher Shah Suri’s Dilli Sher Shahi, Shah Jehan’s Shahjehanabad, and Lutyen’s New Delhi. 2 INTACH listing identifies 35 categories

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

7. Hunting lodge complexes or Shikargahs, 8. Living settlements such as the historic Walled City with its traditional mohallas, and historic housing stock including havelis, kuchas, katras. 9. Urbanised historic villages or traditional settlements incorporated within the urban limits with traditional multiple-use bazaar spines, and Rural historic villages 10. The planned ‘Garden city’ of New Delhi Not only are these heritage resources (including two World Heritage Sites, one World Monuments Watch Endangered Site and numerous traditional Dargah associated settlements which are vibrant centres of cultural and pilgrim significance) integral to defining the identity of Delhi, but they are also of immense historical, archaeological, architectural, functional, economic, recreational and educational value to the citizens of contemporary Delhi. 7.1.2 Potential for Community Based Regeneration and Heritage Tourism Almost all sections of the city are enriched by these heritage resources, with a concentration of specific heritage components being located in the walled city of Shahjehanabad and areas associated with the sites of the other historic capital cities such as Mehrauli, Shahpur Jat, Tughlaquabad. Many of these significant heritage resources are located in fast-deteriorating historic urban areas and historic villages, and are threatened by over-use or inappropriate uses, property speculation, poverty of the inhabitants and inadequate infrastructure. However, their latent potential for macro-level city environmental improvement as well as community level economic regeneration through appropriate, participatory conservation and comprehensive heritage management plans and measures which include area-level conservation, adaptive reuse, visitor interpretation and cultural tourism is significant and should be taken into account by the CDP. 7.1.3 Ineffective conservation framework and lack of integration with the development planning process. Although there has been a concern for the preservation of the monuments of Delhi since the first systematic surveys and investigations were carried out in the late 19th century by the ASI, resulting in the identification of 106 monuments by Dr Rodgers, 269 monuments by Dr Vogel in 1902, and 1317 monuments, sites and buildings by Maulvi Zafar Hasan in 1911- 1916, for various reasons only 175 of these which were of ‘Grade I’ were notified for protection as being of national significance (Ref. Appendix-1). By 2004, the number of monuments notified for protection by the ASI in the NCT of Delhi was reduced to 151+4, as some of the monuments were considered by the ASI to have lost their significance due to rapid urbanization, despite the provisions of the 1961 Master Plan for Delhi, and were under the process of Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

being deprotected. The State Department of Archaeology of the GNCTD has protected only 20 monuments to date. Surveys and conservation initiatives by INTACH in the 80’s and 90’s3 revealed that out of the remaining 1142 historical monuments, sites and buildings identified by Maulvi Zafar Hasan in 1911-1916, which were considered to be of regional and local importance but were not protected, almost one third had been lost, indicating the lack of an effective conservation framework. 7.1.4 Existing framework for Conservation and Integrated Heritage Management for Delhi – Necessity for Coordination and Convergence The existing institutional framework for protection, conservation and management of the heritage resources of Delhi, within the urban management framework, is characterized by administrative and technical sectorisation of responsibilities. As mentioned by both the Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project (DUEIIP), 2001 and the Draft MPD 2021, there is a clear necessity for coordination and convergence in conservation and formulation of locally based community development programmes which include upgradation, regeneration and provision of essential infrastructure in areas with a concentration of identified heritage resources. 7.1.5 Agencies involved with planning and implementation of heritage conservation and rehabilitation works, as well as continuing maintenance and management of heritage resources The primary agencies which are involved with conservation and management of the built heritage in Delhi are the following: No 1

3

Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework Archaeological Survey of India – Delhi Circle Ancient Monuments, Archaeological Sites

Responsibilities

Reporting Structure

Designation & protection of 151+4 monuments, archaeological sites and remains of National significance, ( reduced from 175/ 163

Central Government organization under the Union Ministry of Culture Nodal officer:

INTACH Listing of Heritage Buildings of Delhi, 2000

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

No

Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework and Remains Act, 1959 Notification issued in 1997 under Rule 32 of the Ancient Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959 UNESCO World Heritage Convention

Responsibilities

Reporting Structure

designated in the original list)as well as the management of designated World Heritage Sites.4

Superintending Archaeologist, Delhi Circle. Overall Responsibility: Director General of the ASI, reporting to the Secretary, Culture (GoI)

The ASI also coordinates with local governments to prohibit, restrict and regulate development in the areas ( 100+200m buffer zones) demarcated around the protected area of each national monument. Two major heritage sites, the Qutb Complex and Humayun’s Tomb Complex have been designated as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.

2

GNCT Delhi Department of Archaeology & Museums ‘Delhi Ancient and Historical Monuments and Sites and Remains Act’ 2005

3

DDA - Heritage Cell (Delhi Urban Heritage Foundation

Conservation, preservation and ‘beautification’ of monuments other than those maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India; Survey, listing, documentation, Acquisition and protection of monuments; Archaeological explorations and excavations; Educational activities and bringing out departmental publications. Only 20 of more than 1300 historical monuments of different periods identified in Delhi, at present protected by Dept. of Archaeology(Website) Manages Museums of Archaeology and Delhi City, and has undertaken restoration works on privately owned monuments and historic buildings. Coordinates with local authorities to prohibit, restrict and regulate development in the areas (50 + 100m buffer zones) demarcated around the protected area of each state monument. Preparation of Master Plans, Zonal & Sub-Zonal Plans which take heritage conservation into

The Deputy Director of Archaeology is the Nodal Officer under the Director of Archaeology, reporting to the Secretary (Art & Culture), Delhi Government. Advisory committee under the chairmanship of Secretary (Art & Culture) proposed by the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, to advise and oversee the activities of conservation of monuments and other related activities of the department.

Ministry of Urban Development (GoI)

4 ASI is concerned with ‘ structural and chemical preservation of monuments and antiquities, excavation and exploration of archaeological sites and remains, epigraphy and publications on inscriptions and archaeology, giving advice to the Ministry of Culture on archaeological matters, horticultural operations around the protected monuments, maintenance of site museums etc.’

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

No

4

Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework notified in 1999 under a sub-section of the DDA Act) Number of provisions for conservation of the built heritage in its 15 Planning Zones5 in the Draft MPD 2021 as well as the Zonal Development Plan for the Walled City (Part Zone A and C – approved 1999) Draft MPD 2021 mentions evelopment plans / schemes to conform to the amended Building Byelaws 1993, vide Clause 23 according to the chapter inserted on ‘Conservation of Heritage Sites including Heritage Building, Heritage Precincts and Natural Feature Areas’

MCD – MCD Heritage Cell and MCD Heritage Society

Responsibilities

Reporting Structure

account Draft MPD-2021 contains a conservation strategy that identifies six key Heritage Zones and three Archaeological Parks and also stipulates that while preparing layout plans, 170 (sic) ASI protected monuments as well as heritage buildings listed by the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, MCD and NDMC ‘should be suitably incorporated’. In case of major monuments it is necessary that surrounding areas should be identified in the layout/detail plan, and should have building controls in relation to height, material and ‘spread’ of the monuments. Suggests that with the aim of framing policies and strategies for conservation, appropriate action plans and ‘Special Development Plans’ may be prepared by all the agencies concerned with the protection of Delhi’s built heritage such as the ASI, GNCTD Department of Archaeology, MCD, NDMC, Cantonment Board and DDA. The DDA has formulated and financed the implementation of proposals for designated heritage resources with the assistance of INTACH and other organizations (MCD, DJB, DTTDC) Almost 75% of the built heritage listed by INTACH in 2000is situated in the Municipal Corporation of Delhi area,( which constitutes an urban area of 599.6 kms and rural area of 797.70 sq. kms subdivided into different zones6) It includes the Walled City of Shahjehanabad and extensions, a number of historic urban and rural villages

Delhi Urban Heritage Foundation under the Director (--) who should be a qualified Architect, Conservation Architect or Landscape Architect.

The MCD reports to the Ministry of Home Affairs (GoI)

5 Planning Zones of DDA- Master Plan of Delhi / Sub Zonal/Area / Layout Plans: A Old City (1159 ha), B City Extension (2304 ha), C. Civil Lines (3959 ha), D. New Delhi (6855 ha), E. Trans-Yamuna (8797 ha), F. South Delhi I (11958 ha), G. West Delhi I (11865 ha), H. North West Delhi (5677 ha), I. South Delhi II (15178 ha.), J. West Delhi II (12056 ha), K. West Delhi III (22979 ha), L. North West Delhi II (8213 ha), M. North West Delhi III (15851 ha), N. River Yamuna (6081 ha), O. North Delhi ( 15707 ha) 6 MCD Zones – 12 : 1. Civil Lines Zone ( 10 wards), 2. City Zone ( 8 wards), 3. Karol Bagh Zone (10 wards), 4. Najafgarh Zone (5 wards), 5. Narela Zone ( 4 wards), 6. New Delhi Zone (8 wards), 7. North West Zone (Rohini) (7 wards), 8. Sadar Paharganj Zone (13 wards), 9. Shahadara (north) Zone (8 wards), 10. Shahadara (south) Zone ( 4 wards), 11. South Zone (9 wards), 12. West Zone (10 wards)

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

No

Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework MCD Heritage Society set up under an Office Order as a specialist advisory body.

5

6

NDMC

Delhi Urban Arts Commission - DUAC Set up by an Act of Parliament, under the Delhi Urban Arts Commission Act of 1973

Responsibilities as well as historic buildings and complexes. The Municipal Commissioner is Chairman of the MCD Heritage Society, heritage advisory board has been appointed, including the Chief Town Planner and conservation experts for the heritage programme which is to be taken up for the Walled City area. List of heritage resources under the purview of the MCD compiled with the assistance of INTACH Delhi Chapter & Wilson’s survey drawings of Shahjehanabad being updated to have an accurate base for formulation of recommendations for the conservation and revitalization of the Walled City. MCD, in association with the ASI, Delhi Circle, and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology is demarcating the properties located within the 100 (50m) m ‘prohibited area’ and the 200 (100m) m ‘regulated area’ surrounding or contiguous with protected monuments of National (State) Importance in MCD areas. The 42.74 sq. km area under the New Delhi Municipal Council includes the planned city of New Delhi established in 1911. The NDMC area or New Delhi Zone has a total of 304 heritage buildings and complexes identified by the INTACH 2000 (Appendix 2 & 3) List of Historic Buildings of Delhi, as well the Connaught Place area, the Central Vista, New Delhi Bungalow Zone and also the Lodhi Gardens and the Delhi Golf Club which have been identified as Conservation Areas in the INTACH 2000 List. DUAC advises on ‘preserving and developing the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design within Delhi’. Guides the local body on any project or development proposal which affects the skyline or the aesthetic quality of the

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Reporting Structure

MCD has recently constituted a Heritage Society.

NDMC reports to the Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI NDMC Chief Architect is responsible for heritage conservation activities of NDMC

The Delhi Urban Arts Commission consists of a body of experts and reports to the Ministry of Urban Development.

7-6

Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

No

Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework

7

CPWD

8

Delhi Board

9

Heritage Conservation Committee – HCC Established by an order of the High Court to ensure implementation of Clause 23.16 of the Unified Building Byelaws

10

DTTDC Incorporated in 1979 (name changed to

Cantonment

Responsibilities surroundings and redevelopment in the vicinity of historical areas and ‘conservation, preservation and beautification’ of monumental buildings, public parks and public gardens. The DUAC had a restricted advisory role with powers of rejection of non-conforming projects. Responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of government owned historic buildings in Delhi. Heritage resources of great significance such as the Rashtrapati Bavan, Secretariat Buildings, Parliament House and Central Vista as well as the architecturally significant historic bungalows and other buildings located within the New Delhi zone. Responsible for over 72,000 original drawings prepared by Lutyens and other architects for buildings within the New Delhi area. DCB regulates development in the Cantonment Area, an area of 42.97 sq.kms. located between the airport and the NDMC area, within which features such as the Cantonment low density bungalow layout with extensive gardens, heritage buildings associated with the Armed Forces, and components such as Gopinath Bazaar and St. Martins Garrison church are considered to be of significance. The Cantonment Area has been proposed as a Conservation Area by INTACH in the 2000 List. HCC to be consulted by the Commissioner, MCD; ViceChairman, DDA; Chairman, NDMC before granting permission for any development, redevelopment, engineering operations, additions, alterations, repairs, renovations, demolition of any part of any listed building, listed precincts or listed natural areas. The DTTDC has sponsored and undertaken proposals for tourism development in various heritage

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Reporting Structure

The Central Public Works Department reports to the Ministry of Urban Development

Delhi Cantonment Board reports to the Ministry of Defence. The Military Engineering Services is concerned with the upkeep and maintenance of historic buildings in this area.

HCC reports to the MoUD under the High Court order. Associated with the DUAC.

An undertaking GNCTD

of

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

No

11

Name of Agency & Relevant Regulatory Framework DTTDC in 1989)

Delhi Waqf Board established under the Waqf Act, 1954, is governed by the more comprehensive 1995 Waqf Act.

Responsibilities sites and urban villages in collaboration with the ASI, INTACH, MCD & DDA, including conservation and restoration works in the Mehrauli Archaeological Park. The Waqf Board is one of the most important property owners in the historically significant areas such as Shahjehanabad and various villages. In Delhi, the Waqf properties included 774 mosques, 19 Idgahs, 246 Dargahs, tombs and Khanquahs, Karbala, extensive historic graveyards associated with large open, green areas, and numerous commercial and residential properties with some commercial properties rented out for generating revenue (totalling approx.1900 properties determined through a careful resurvey process according to the legal counsel for the Waqf Board).

Reporting Structure

Seven members, three of whom are elected representatives and four who are appointed by the GNCTD.

Other agencies which are involved with sectors which are intrinsically linked with the heritage resources in the case of Delhi are the following: No 1

2

Name of Agency & Regulatory Framework Forest Department

Delhi Metro Transit System

Rail

Responsibilities

Reporting Structure

Responsible for the ridge forest associated with the extension of the Aravalli Hills known as the Ridge, within which are located significant historic resources of Delhi. - 6200 ha. of the Southern Ridge, 626 ha. of the Southcentral ridge where Mehrauli is located, 864 ha. of the Central or New Delhi ridge within which historic shikargahs, gardens and bunds are located and the 87 ha. of the Northern or Old Delhi Ridge associated with Delhi University, Civil Lines and numerous heritage resources from the Tughlaq and later British period . Likely impact on both the unexcavated archaeological heritage and significant heritage sites in South Delhi. Final route decided in consultation with the ASI Also likely to provide

The GNCTD Forest Department, DDA, NDMC, CPWD, L&DO (Land and Development Office) of the Ministry of Urban Development control different parts, or different functions, on the Ridge. This has lead to construction and encroachment on the Ridge.

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

No

3

Name of Agency & Regulatory Framework

National Capital Region Planning Board The Draft Regional Plan 2021 for the National Capital Region prepared by the NCR Planning Board

Responsibilities improved access to certain heritage sites, beneficial for viability of certain cultural tourism circuits. ‘Special emphasis on integrated tourism development and heritage conservation and management in the Region. Proposes to employ the instrument of the Town & Country Planning Legislation to protect the area around identified heritage resources.’

Reporting Structure

NCR Planning Board under the Ministry of Urban Development

Non-Governmental organizations and Citizen’s organizations which have been engaged with conservation initiatives, either independently or in coordination with other Government agencies are the following: No 1

Name of Organisation & Regulatory Framework Pani Morcha

2

INTACH

Responsibilities

Reporting Structure

Concerned with water resource management in Delhi - actively working in close coordination with INTACH & Tapas in identification of the traditional components of the historic water harvesting and storage system in Delhi, identified numerous historic tanks, baolis, village ponds and water bodies, bunds, sluice gates with a potential for revival and reintegration into the contemporary city. Involved with identification and conservation of heritage components not in the purview of the ASI and not formally protected by the Delhi Department of Archaeology. INTACH has prepared a List of Heritage Buildings in Delhi, published in 2000, and, while functioning as an active pressure group, has also worked on conservation and restoration of many heritage resources in the city, especially in the Mehrauli Archaeological Park and the Walled City in coordination with the DDA, MCD & DTTDC. Consultants associated with INTACH have formulated guidelines for integration of heritage within the JNNURM City Development Plans.

NGO

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Nodal quasiautonomous NGO

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

No 3

Name of Organisation & Regulatory Framework The Church of North India

Responsibilities Responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of numerous significant historic properties, primarily including important Church complexes, gardens and historic educational institutions and schools which have been identified in the INTACH 2000 Listing of Delhi. Many of the colleges in the North Campus of Delhi University, which were established on the site of the old Cantonment, have been designated as significant heritage resources including the old Viceregal Lodge (Currently the DU Office), Gwyer Hall, St Stephens College campus etc.

4

Delhi University

5

Aga Khan Foundation for Culture

The Aga Khan Foundation for Culture, as a part of the Aga Khan Development Network, is concerned with contemporary design, social housing, community improvement and development, restoration, reuse and area conservation as well as landscape design and improvement of the environment.

6

Resident Welfare Associations in heritage areas

Local Residents Associations in areas such as Hauz Khas, Mehrauli, Nizamuddin, Aliganj etc. which have a high concentration of significant heritage resources, have an important role to play in the routine maintenance and upkeep of the areas around the protected areas of monuments, as well as unprotected heritage resources in their localities.

Reporting Structure

Recently undertaken conservation and upgradation works through grants from the GNCTD.

This organization recently completed a regeneration project for the Gardens of Humayun’s Tomb – a World Heritage Site, and is currently interested in sponsoring ongoing initiatives for the Humayun’s Tomb – Hazrat Nizamuddin Conservation Area, in conjunction with the ASI and other agencies.

7.1.6 Necessity for Integrated Conservation & Heritage Management – Area level conservation, Heritage Zones and Archaeological Parks The INTACH report on the Listing of the Built Heritage of Delhi, published in 2000, which also included heritage resources associated with the period between 1911-1947, buildings in New Delhi and the Cantonment, as well as 19th Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

century residential buildings not identified by the 1911 survey, listed a total of 1203 monuments, sites and buildings, including the 151+ 4 protected by the ASI. Conservation Zones In consonance with the international (UNESCO) normative framework for integrated conservation and heritage management, there has been a shift in focus from individual monuments, with recent efforts encompassing the entire Walled City, Archaeological Parks and other heritage Conservation Zones delineated around traditional settlements such as Hazrat Nizamuddin. Earlier reports and the 2000 INTACH Listing have identified 26 proposed Conservation Areas or areas with a concentration of heritage resources in Delhi. DDA ‘Control Zones’ The Zonal Development Plan prepared by the DDA for the Walled City (Part Zones A & C) , approved 1999, identifies 5 ‘control zones’ as Conservation Areas, as well as urban design interest areas, protected monuments and other buildings for conservation, and also suggests the preparation of area by area ‘urban renewal plans’. Draft MPD – 2021 Provisions for Conservation The Draft MPD 2021, in its section 10 on Conservation of Built Heritage mentions 170 (sic) ASI protected monuments, as well as lists of heritage buildings published by the MCD, NDMC and the State Department of Archaeology. The Draft MPD-2021 also identifies 6 Heritage Zones, including the entire Walled City of Shahjehanabad and three Archaeological Parks. It states that each local body / land owning agency should formulate ‘Special Development Plans’ for the conservation and improvement of listed heritage complexes and zones. Necessity for a common heritage Database (Inventory of Heritage Resources) However, to date, there is still no comprehensive, reliable database, GIS or Cultural Resource Information System for heritage resources of Delhi, used by all the agencies concerned with heritage conservation, which distinguishes between heritage resources which are of global, national, city-level and local significance and which indicates their exact location and legal boundaries on maps to a scale appropriate for preparation and implementation of local area plans, including heritage management and regeneration plans. 7.2

INVENTORY OF HERITAGE RESOURCES OF DELHI Systematic process of identification and delineation of heritage resources One of the primary requirements for integration of the heritage resources into the city development process (as recognized in the Draft MPD 2021 as well as by agencies such as the MCD, ASI & GNCT Delhi Department of Archaeology ) is a systematic process of identification and delineation on

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

correct and updated maps (Master Plan Level/ Zonal Level / Area Level) of all heritage resources - components of heritage significance of Delhi ( sites, structures, monuments, conservation areas, precincts, historic urbanised villages and water management systems). Compilation and verification of inventories This involves the compilation of inventories of heritage resources prepared by various agencies over the past 20 years, updating of that information, correlation of authentic statistical data and preparation of maps at appropriate scales which are adequate for formulation of comprehensive conservation and heritage management plans for the areas within which these heritage resources are located. In the case of monuments, buildings and sites protected by the ASI and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, it is further necessary to precisely demarcate the extent and exact legal boundaries of the designated Protected Area, as well as the properties within the Prohibited Area and the Regulated Area surrounding the monuments/ complexes of National or State Importance. An inventory of the monuments protected by the ASI (151) and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology (20) is given in Appendix (1) together with a map indicating their location within Delhi. In addition heritage resources listed by other organizations and agencies are given, and indicated on the map. Distribution of Heritage resources in various zones It is seen from an analysis of the distribution of the 1203 heritage resources (not including the 26 identified conservation areas) in the inventory compiled by INTACH (2000) that the historic Walled City of Shahjehanabad in Zone A has 231 identified heritage buildings (reduced from the 411 identified by Zafar Hasan’s survey for the ASI in 1913). The DDA Zonal Development Plan for the Walled City (Part Zone A & Zone C) however has taken into account the heritage resources as per the earlier survey. In the case of Zone B, 17 heritage buildings and complexes had been listed by INTACH in the 2000 Report, in Zone C 143 were listed, in Zone D (including the NDMC area) 304 historic buildings were listed, in Zone F 465 historic buildings were listed, while in Zone G 35 historic buildings were listed and in Zone H 8 buildings were listed. INVENTORY

HERITAGE RESOURCES IN DDA ZONES TOTAL

ASI INTACH-HCC provisional INTACH–Report 2000 GNCTD Arch.Dept. 1911-1916 Survey

A

B

C

D NDMC

F

G

H

207 231

15 17

103 143

79 304

338 465

29 35

4 8

151 +4 1203 20 1317

411

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

Within the Walled City as well as within historic traditional settlements and urban villages such as Hazrat Nizamuddin, Chiragh Delhi, Khirki, Mehrauli etc. which have been identified as Conservation Areas, in addition to the identified heritage resources, there are numerous vernacular residential structures, traditional havelis and other elements which contribute to the distinctive urbanscapes of sections of these areas. Although the number of historic buildings in the rural and recently urbanized areas to the north and north-west is small, these zones contain extremely important heritage typologies such as the Shikargah at Jaunti village and the Minar and HathiKhana at Hastsal (both of the Shahjehani period), which also present valuable opportunities for linking conservation and provision of essential community amenities and infrastructure.

DDA Zonal Development Plan of the Walled City of Shahjehanabad indicating boundaries of 15 Sub-Zones of Zone A and 1 Sub-Zone of Zone C

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

7.3

WALLED CITY OF SHAHJEHANABAD & WALLED CITY EXTENSIONS

7.3.1 Development Pattern Founded in 1639-1648 CE, the site chosen for Shahjehan’s planned capital city was an elevated area overlooking the river Yamuna, near the existing fort of Salimgarh, and encompassing within it significant components of the earlier city of Firozabad. The great enclosure wall, 27 feet high, 12 feet thick and 3.8 miles long, constructed during the years 1651-1658, encompassed an area of 569 ha., with 10 large gates and numerous smaller ones located at the ends of the principal urban arteries, and supported a population of 60,000. Bhujla Pahari, which was located near the centre of the walled city was used as the site for the Jama Masjid, with an area of lower ground between the Jama Masjid and the citadel, the Red Fort. Significant heritage typologies and transformations There were two main Bazaar thoroughfares – the Chandni Chowk from the Lahori Gate of the Fort to the Fatehpuri Masjid, and the Faiz Bazaar. Over a period of time, other specialized markets, urban gardens, canals, sarais, havelis, residential mohallas, kuchas, katras, for different crafts communities, 202 mosques of which 200 were built between 1639 and 1857,(including Begumi-Amiri and Mohalla mosques), dargahs, khanquahs and other religious structures were constructed, and the heritage resources of this period still characterize most areas of the walled city. Changes were brought by the British in two phases – between 1803-1857 when the palaces of Dara Shikoh and Ali Mardan Khan in the Kasmere Gate Area were used for the Residency, military barracks and the magazine, and after 1857 when the railway was introduced into the city, clearing a wide area through the northern part of the city from east to west, and replacing the sarai of Jehanara Begum on Chandni Chowk by the Town Hall. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries extensive construction and densification of the city took place, with disintegration of the traditional social ecology, increasing commercialization and associated congestion and degradation of the environment. 7.3.2 Existing Situation According to the DDA Zonal plan, the population of the Walled City increased to saturation point in 1961, after which there has been large scale infill by commercial uses replacing residential uses and the total work force working in different sectors is estimated to be 4.0 lakhs. The Walled City comprises of 16 subClient: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

zones, 15 of which are part of Zone A and one sub-zone is part of Zone-C. The area of the sub-zones varies from 14.4 ha. to 76.6 ha (Refer Table below). The population of the walled city is gradually reducing, with a reduction of about 50,000 persons in the decade between 1981-91. This reduction in population has been attributed to a decrease in residential area, with some of the subzones having as low as 12% of the area under residential use. Heritage Resources – Traditional housing and Conservation Areas About 80% of the total housing stock is traditional housing (katras, kuchas), with some densely populated areas with net densities of about 4400 PPH. Commercial establishments have increased by 700% in two decades, with some noxious industries and hazardous trades existing within the densely built-up area. Different areas of the walled city have a dense concentration of various types of heritage resources, traditional housing and urbanscapes associated with important roads and mohallas where the traditional character still exists. These were identified in the ASI Survey of 1911-16 (411 historical monuments/ sites/ buildings)and later by INTACH.2000 (231 historical monuments/ sites/ buildings). The Zonal Development Plan (1999) has identified 15 junctions, chowks, nodal areas and 17 streets, galis, bazaars and chattas which retain their traditional character as Control Zones, as well as 5 other control zones as Conservation Areas. Sub Zone

Area (ha.)

Locality

Heritage Resources

A-13

27.1

Kucha Pati Ram

A-14

23.9

Chitli Qabar

A-15

37.9

A-16

27.8

A-17

28.3

A-18

14.4

A-19

23.6

A-20

52.5

A-21

22.1

Matia Mahal & Pataudi House Churi Walan, Sita Ram Bazaar Farrash Khana, Lal Kuan Naya Bans, Fatehpuri Tilak Bazaar, Baradari, Peeli Kothi Daryaganj, Ansari Road Jama Masjid, Netaji Subash Park

22 listed buildings + traditional buildings 14 listed buildings + traditional buildings 14 listed buildings + traditional buildings 11 listed buildings + traditional buildings 21 listed buildings + traditional buildings 10 listed buildings + traditional buildings 7 listed buildings + traditional buildings

A-22

35.4

A-23

35.9

A-24

33.6

Ballimaran, Charkhey Walan Maliwara, Kinari Bazaar Katra Neel, Town

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

21 listed buildings + traditional buildings 4 protected/ listed buildings and spaces+ traditional buildings 16 listed buildings + traditional buildings 27 significant listed buildings and spaces + traditional buildings 33 significant listed

Population 1991 Census 38873

Population MPD-2001 Projected 23100

38133

16040

43271

20670

41730

23400

38323

20160

18740

9400

12615

8800

10091

44500

-

-

41468

18390

31498

5700

8806

7800

7-15

Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

Sub Zone

Area (ha.)

A-25

21.1

A-26

76.7

A-28

46.4

C-1

62.3

Locality

Heritage Resources

Hall, Gandhi Ground Lajpat Rai Market, Bhagirath Place Red Fort, SalimGarh Fort

buildings and spaces + traditional bldgs. 7 listed buildings + traditional buildings

Railway Station, Railway Yard Ram Bazaar, Kashmere Gate, GPO

ASI protected site of potential WH significance Railway station and hotels to the south 23 listed/protected buildings + traditional buildings

Population 1991 Census

Population MPD-2001 Projected

4383

5200

4726

-

798

-

21704

32000

3,50,159

2,35,160

DDA Zonal Development Plan for Walled City of Shahjehanabad indicating location of monuments identified by ASI 1911-16 Survey Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

7.3.3 Priorities for Heritage Management in Shahjehanabad Walled City Necessity for formulation of heritage management plans for heritage zones •

The necessity for conservation and heritage management within the Walled City area of Shahjehanabad has been recognized in the Zonal Development Plan to some extent (control zones for Conservation areas, streets and chowks/nodal points were identified), as well as in the draft MPD 2021 which designates the entire Walled City as one of the Conservation Areas of Delhi. However, the present boundaries of the planning sub-zones within the Zones A & C do not follow the traditional boundaries of the mohallas, bazaars and neighbourhoods, leading to situations where streets such as the Chandni Chowk fall into two zones. Rationalisation of the boundaries based on the heritage typologies, concentration of heritage resources, coherence of the area and issues related to land uses and community needs in the various areas is required in order to formulate the ‘special development plans’ for designated heritage zones.

•

Detailed identification of the components of the traditional housing stock and individual historic havelis, katras, kuchas and mohallas, and demarcation on area level maps, together with an indication of their value as a heritage resource is required.

•

A framework for integrated heritage management of the Red Fort and the Walled city of Shahjehanabad as a whole, which is linked with community development, regeneration, crafts development and potential cultural tourism activities is required.

Strategies linking infrastructure upgradation, appropriate adaptive reuse, provision of essential community facilities and economic regeneration – Area Level •

Infrastructure inadequacies have been identified to some extent in the Zonal Development Plan, but upgradation and infrastructure retro-fitting requirements which take into account the value of the heritage resources at the area level need to be identified. Water supply and sewerage connections should be compulsory, and lines will require augumentation. Social infrastructure requirements could be partially met by appropriate adaptive reuse and conservation of heritage properties.

•

Although about 3,500 evacuee properties/ Katras (under the Custodian of Evacuee Property) have been mentioned as being controlled by the Slum Department in the Zonal Development Plan, it is observed that some of these properties of heritage value such as the Haveli Ahsanullah Khan at Hauz Qazi have been retrieved by their owners. The Zonal Development Plan suggests that in the ‘action plans’, ‘redevelopment in the conservation manner i.e. property by property’ be undertaken. Three categories of these properties have been identified , including Government Owned dangerous Katras/ evacuee properties, Government Owned other than dangerous Katras/ evacuee properties, Privately Owned Katras/ evacuee properties, for which different mechanisms are suggested. It is necessary to ensure that the heritage value of these properties is taken into account when deciding upon conservation priorities and appropriate courses of action for rehabilitation.

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

7.4

•

Recent heritage management initiatives for landmark bank buildings

•

Identification of mechanisms to ensure linkages between appropriate adaptive reuse and reutilization of selected heritage buildings for provision of community infrastructure, facilities and amenities for cultural tourism.7

HISTORIC URBAN VILLAGES

7.4.1 Development Pattern ‘Urban Villages’ are ‘traditional rural settlements which have been changed and merged with urban areas’ or villages which have been incorporated over time into the urban limits of the present city of Delhi. They are a basic feature of the present complex urban structure and include within their limits a large proportion of the heritage resources associated with the many earlier cities of Delhi, encompassing both vernacular residential and community structures, as well as religious buildings and historic monuments. Even among themselves, they display varied characteristics depending on their location, inhabitants, their historical role and relationship to the city. The cultural, educational and economic significance of these villages is due to the fact that many of these villages include historical elements dating back at least 900 years, some are outstanding examples of the traditional village pattern, while others retain the spirit of a past way of life which has disappeared from other parts of the city. In addition, they are areas of immense use value as they served as reception areas for low income migrants and augmented the housing stock of the city. Heritage Resources – Conservation Zones The number of urban villages is currently 135, having increased from 47 in 1951. Out of these, urban villages such as Nizamuddin, Chiragh Delhi, Khirki, Sarai Shahji, Begumpur, Kalu Sarai, Kalkaji, Shaikh Sarai, Ardhchini, Saidulajaib, Mehrauli, Hauz Khas, Shahpur Jat, Tughlaquabad have a major concentration of heritage resources. Within these settlements, at the time of incorporation within the urban limits, the land earmarked for village settlements including land for houses and common needs of the villagers, encompassing the ‘Abadi’ area was shown in red ink and known as the ‘Lal Dora’. This area, in the past, has been exempt from municipal byelaws and restrictions, leading to very high densities, incompatible land uses and the location of noxious and hazardous industries within the settlement. Most of these urban villages which have a concentration of heritage resources are included within the Conservation Zones identified by INTACH and are also on certain heritage tourism itineraries. 7.4.2 Development Requirements – Issues, potential and threats

•

7 For example, Educational institutions such as Senior Secondary schools are sufficient in number but deficient in space and historic derelict buildings could be used to provide facilities; area is deficient in health facilities, many of the existing historic buildings which already accommodate traditional dispensaries – these could be upgraded, in addition to proposed densification of the Engineering College area Railway land due to shifting of the goods yards.

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

Historic urban villages, with their distinctive settlement pattern, range of traditional residential typologies and havelis and heritage resources such as the vibrant religious and cultural complexes of the sufi Dargahs of Delhi in Nizamuddin, Chiragh Delhi, Mehrauli, Ardhchini etc. and a range of protected monuments, sites and remains of National Importance are threatened today by increasing over-densification, uncontrolled and inappropriate construction primarily to cater to the demand for low-income rental housing for migrants, encroachments and inappropriate uses. Construction of this type, detrimental to the environment of these historic urban villages due to increased infrastructural stresses, incompatible in both use and scale, encroaches upon and overpowers, almost engulfing the significant heritage resources and way of life of the traditional settlement with its great potential for heritage tourism. 7.4.3 Strategies for economic regeneration, participatory conservation and environmental improvement Locally based, site specific, participatory integrated conservation and management programmes for these heritage areas, with a major infrastructure upgradation and historic building rehabilitation component, are required. Possibilities for economic regeneration through comprehensive conservation of heritage resources, supporting and stimulating cottage industries and handicrafts need to be looked into, and programmes based on the linkages between poverty alleviation and holistic environmental improvement and conservation and rehabilitation efforts developed. These detailed community based programmes need to be formulated with the objective of regeneration and conservation of these historic urban villages, focusing and building upon the contribution of these villages to the distinctive identity of the part of the city in which they are located, and should suggest specific strategies to utilise their potential as part of thematic heritage tourism circuits, and to ensure that revenue generated through heritage tourism is utilised for the environmental upgradation of the historic urban village and the benefit of the community. 7.5

HISTORIC RURAL VILLAGES A number of historic villages, located in the rural areas, which still retain their traditional agriculture based functions and settlement patterns contain a number of significant heritage resources in the form of ‘Shikargahs’ or extensive Tughlaq and Mughal Period Hunting Palace complexes , water reservoirs etc. The conservation, provision of essential infrastructure and adaptive reuse of areas associated with these heritage complexes, such as the Shikargah in Jaunti village could be of great potential for heritage tourism, provision of community facilities as well as generation and diversification of employment opportunities for the local community through conservation.

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

7.6

HISTORIC & TRADITIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Components of the historic & traditional water management systems of the city such as the bunds, sluices, reservoirs, ‘baolis’, tanks, village have been identified as still having the potential to supplement the city’s water resources through water harvesting as well as playing a significant role in groundwater recharge in the part of the city in which they are located. These heritage resources, such as the Ugrasen’s Baoli in Connaught Place, the Baoli in Nizamuddin, the Jharna and Hauz Shamsi in Mehrauli, the HauzKhas tank associated with the FirozShah Tughlaq’s tomb etc., are vital community, functional, recreational and educational resources. Some of the larger reservoirs, such as the waterbody associated with the Shikargah or Hunting Palace at Jaunti; the Bund and the Baoli associated with Talkatora Garden; etc. are of ecological value and some have considerable potential for heritage tourism as part of a ‘Rural Tourism’ circuit. Most of these water bodies and components of the historic water management systems of Delhi are required to be conserved under a ruling of the High Court.

7.7

LEGAL FRAMEWORK - EXISTING LEGISLATION, DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS AND HERITAGE MANAGEMENT POLICIES

7.7.1 Centrally protected and State protected monuments, structures and sites: 1. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 and the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Rules, 1959– amended 1997 to provide for Prohibited and Regulated Areas around monuments of National Importance. 2. Delhi Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 2004 7.7.2 Other provisions for conservation and heritage management 1. Other related legislation, regulations, bye-laws and policies - Building byelaws 1993, amended vide clause 23 – Chapter on Conservation of Heritage Sites including Heritage Buildings, Heritage Precincts and Natural Feature Areas. 2. Delhi Urban Arts Commission Act 3. Waqf Act of 1995 4. Draft Master Plan for Delhi provisions for conservation of the built heritage, including Conservation Areas and Archaeological Parks 5. Area specific proposals for conservation guidelines by CPWD, NDMC and MCD 7.8

EMERGING TECHNICAL & MANAGEMENT ISSUES (i) Technical 1. Loss of heritage resources and need for a Cultural Resource Information System to ensure coordinated conservation efforts.

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

The magnitude of the recent losses of the heritage resources of the city (12 of the 163 ASI protected monuments, buildings and remains of National Importance, and almost one third of the heritage buildings and structures of regional and state significance listed in the 1911-16 ASI survey have been demolished or lost - out of the 151+4 monuments currently protected by the ASI8, 14 are under encroachment and proceedings are on in the High Court to ensure that they are cleared) due to urbanisation and development pressures, requires the preparation of a comprehensive database and identification and demarcation of the location, extent, legal boundaries of heritage resources as well as the Prohibited and Regulated areas on maps in a comprehensive manner ( Cultural Resource Information System) to be utilised by all the agencies concerned with development ; Among the conservation related objectives identified by the the Draft MPD 2021 for which close coordination and cooperation is required from agencies such as the ASI, GNCTD State Department of Archaeology, NDMC, MCD, Cantonment Board and DDA, two essential ones are related to: ƒ

Maintaining and updating a heritage database, defining all applicable terms and

ƒ

Listing of Heritage Buildings based on appropriate criteria.

2. Strategies for utilisation of Heritage Tourism potential resources

of cultural

Planning for heritage tourism linked to the city’s vast range of heritage resources for environmental and community benefits should be developed within an appropriate conservation and heritage management framework, with provision of adequate safeguards and according to the International Charters for Cultural Tourism; Identification of thematic cultural tourism circuits within Delhi which could include ‘Rural tourism’, ‘Pilgrim circuits’ as well as programmes for ‘Heritage festivals’ linked with the heritage resources of the city and its traditional festivals and celebrations, and the identification and designation of a category of ‘Heritage hotels’ associated with certain typologies of heritage resources in Delhi. This could be linked with the Draft MPD2021 objective of implementing programmes for education and awareness 3. Strategies for Adaptive re-use, upgradation, and provision of infrastructure in Heritage Conservation Areas and Historic Urban Villages should be developed within the heritage management framework; 4. Preparation of Heritage management Plans & Detailed Conservation Plans should be urgently undertaken for the identified heritage resources by qualified conservation professionals. This is linked with the Draft MPD 2021 objective of developing organizational capacity for heritage management.

8 The total number of monuments was 175, later reduced to 163. Out of these, a number of monuments have been delisted and others recently notified.8.of National Importance in the National Capital Territory of Delhi, under the administrative control of the Delhi Circle of the Archeological Survey of India, as entered in the original list

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

5. Conservation guidelines and Special Development regulations should be formulated for areas associated with protected monuments, sites and buildings as well as for other areas with a concentration of heritage resources; All development plans for areas in close proximity to World Heritage Sites, even if they are beyond the official 100m Prohibited Area + 200m Regulated Area require a process of impact assessment on the heritage. This should be mandatory, so that long term and cumulative impacts are mitigated, valuable heritage resources are not lost but utlised for the benefit of the community and for improvement of the environment and quality of life in heritage areas, and visual corridors are also retained and not obstructed. This is linked with the Draft MPD 2021 objective for preparation of guidelines for development, redevelopment, additions, alterations, repairs, renovations and reuse of heritage buildings 6. Integration of certain heritage resources of Delhi with the proposed Greenways project to strengthen traditional linkages between the cultural and natural resources of Delhi. (ii) Managerial 1. Multiplicity of organizations and lack of effective, coordinated action. 2. Issues related to derelict/ encroached/ evacuee properties 3. Effective implementation of Heritage management Plans & Conservation Plans The DUEIIP, 2001 had stated that the primary cultural heritage assets would be the responsibility of the ASI and the GNCTD Department of Archaeology, and that GNCTD Department of Archaeology had been identified in association with the DDA, MCD and NGO’s as the executive agency for the formulation of an action plan to demonstrate the utilization of cultural heritage conservation as a catalyst for comprehensive community environmental upgrading and regeneration. The primary objectives of this were envisaged as a process of ‘community self – regeneration’ through cultural heritage area conservation and rehabilitation. The project was intended to ‘expand and accelerate conservation efforts, build and consolidate private-public partnerships (including the tourism industry), and use the rehabilitation process to alleviate poverty and mitigate negative environmental impacts’. (iii) Financial Currently, funds earmarked for conservation of heritage resources are woefully inadequate, and mechanisms are required whereby a small percentage of property tax, as well revenues generated from tourism could be utilized for restoration, comprehensive conservation and heritage management initiatives. Mobilisation of adequate resources for effective conservation and heritage management requires to be linked with processes of economic regeneration. Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

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Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

(Possible models could include the Main Street programmes which were effective for revitalisation for small towns in the US) •

Incentives for conservation could be given in the following manner: o

Financial – by direct grant to the owner of the heritage resource from the Central/State government/Heritage Organisations

o

Providing the building owner access to credit, and Tax relief or concessions to the building owner

o

Cross- subsidies and provisions for Cessed buildings

o

Incentives and mechanisms such as TDR for heritage buildings.

o

Direct action by the authorities through upgrading of infrastructure and through the acquisition, restoration and maintenance of buildings for provision of essential community facilities

Encouragement from the public authority through setting up of Building Centres for assisting locals in conservation and appropriate rehabilitation activities as well as formulation of community based heritage management plans in a participatory manner. Delhi Government has proposed certain initiatives to encourage Public-Private Partnerships in the heritage conservation and management sector. There are proposals to involve Business organisations, N.G.Os, Residential Welfare Associations, Public Sector Undertakings and Government departments to maintain monuments under specific guidelines under the supervision of the Department of Archaeology.

Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

7-23

Chapter – 7 Conservation & Heritage Management

MAP-1 Client: Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant: IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

7-24

Appendix

APPENDIX-1 MONUMENTS, SITES & BUILDINGS OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE PROTECTED BY THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA DELISTED Old/ New No. 1/ 43

WORLD HERITAGE SITES

ENCROACHED

4/ 12 5/ 10

Name of Monument Bastion, where a wall of Jahan panah meets the wall of Rai Pithora fort. Ramp and gateway of Rai Pithora's Fort Marble Tomb reputed to be that of Newab BahadurJawid Khan Lal Bangla Khair-ul-Manzil

6/ 11

Kos Minar or Mughal Mile stone

7/ 00

The Moti Gate of Shershah, Delhi

8/ 47 9/ 00 10/ 48 11/49 12/01 13/ 13/00

Begampuri Masjid Phool Chadar aquduct near Najafgarh Jhil aquduct Lal Gumbad Tomb of Bahlol Lodi Ajmeri Gate Alipur Cemetery

14/ 02

Ashoka'a pillar

15/ 00 16/ 19

Bara Khamba Cemetry Chauburji

17/ 20

Eremo Cementry

18/ 03

Delhi fort or Lal Qila, Naubat Khana, Diwan-i-am, Mumtaz Mahal' Rang Mahal, Baithak,Maseu Burj, diwan-i-Khas' Moti Masjid, sawan Bhadon ,Shah Burj, Hammam with all surrounding including the gardens, paths, terraces and water courses. Delhi Gate Enclosure containing the grave of Lt. Edwards and others, murdered in 1857.

2/ 2/ 44 3/ 45

19/ 04 20/ 21 21/ 50

Enclosure wall with Tomb of Najaf Khan

22/ 22

Flag Staff Tower

23/ 13

Jantar Mantar

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Adchini Adchini Aliganj Babarpur (Kaka Nagar) Babarpur Bazipur (Kakanagar) Babarpur Bazipur (Kaka Nagar) Babarpur Bazipur (Kaka Nagar) Begampur Chaukri Mubarakabad Chirag Delhi -doBazar Ajmeri Gate Delhi-Alipur Camping group. Ferozabad(Ferozshah Kila or Vikram Nagar Colony) Imperial City Ridge near Hindura Hospital Kishanaganj Railway Stn. Red fort

Daryaganj North Ridge near flag Staff tower, Civil Lines. Safdarjang Fly over 400 yards North of Cheuburji Mosque Connaught place

A-1

Appendix

Old/ New No. 24/ 37

Name of Monument Kashmeri Gate and portion of the City Wall on either side of the Kashmeri Gate on the side and on the other upto andiincluding the water Bastions at the Northern corner of the wall and also including the dith outside the City wall where this is exposed.

Location Kashmeri Gate

25/ 05

Kotla Ferozabad with the remaining walls, bastions and gateways and gardens, the old Mosque, and well and all other ruins buildings it contains.

26/ 06

Lal Darwaza, the northern gate of the outer walls of the Delhi of Shershah. Lothian Road Cemetery The Mosque Mutiny telegraph Memorial

Two furlangs east of jail and three furlangs due south of S.E. Corner of Shahjahanabad, Delhi. Three furlang due south of Delhi Gate, Kashmeri Gate Qudsia Garden In front of Old Telegraph Building, Kashmeri Gate, Kashmeri Gate Outside Kashmeri Gate

27/ 23 28/ 24 29/ 25 30/ 26 31/ 00 32/ 27 33/ 28 34/ 29 35/ 30

Nicholson (Or Kashmeri Gate) Cemetery Nicholson statue and its platform and the surrounding gardens paths and enclosure wall. Old Baoli immediately to the west of Hindu Rao's House. The Old Entrance Gateway of the Garden. The Pirghaib to the north and near Hindu Rao's House Portion of City wall near which Brij Jahn Nicholson was mortally Wounded on 14th Sept. , 1857.

36/ 31

The Punjabi gate in the Roshanara bagh

37/ 51

Purana Quila (Inderpat) or Delhi With all its walls Arcades, gateways and Bastions, gardens, the Mosque of Sher Shah (Kila Kohna Masjid). The Sher Mandala and entrances to Subteranean passages. Rajpur (Mutiny cemetery)

38/ 32 39/ 33

The remaining gateways of the old Magazira with their adjoining buildings.

40/ 14

Sher Shah's gate with the adjoinining curon walls and Bastions and the remains of the double line of structure to its front

41/ 34

Site of Siege battery Known as the Sammy House Battery bearing the following Inscriptions Battery , Sammy house, Major Remington Tank, RA Commanding armament 89 pounds. To command ground near Mori Bastion. Site of siege Battery with inscription.

41/ 34, 42/ 34

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

On the ridge, Delhi Qudsia Delhi On the ridge , Delhi On the ridge , Delhi

Opposite Municipal Board school, Subji Mandi Two miles south of the Delhi Gate of Shahjahanabad, Delhi Old Rajpur Cantonment, North Distt. The post office , Delhi

Opposite Purana Qila immediately Northeast of the Khairul Manazil Mosque 300 Yards East of mutiny memorial

East of the Hospital in

A-2

Appendix

Old/ New No.

Name of Monument

43/ 34

Site of siege Battery with inscription

44/ 34

Site of siege Battery with inscription.

45/ 34

Site of siege Battery with inscription.

46/ 07 47/ 00

59/ 57

Sunehri Masjid near Delhi Fort Tomb of Capt. Mac. Barnatt & others who fall in an attack on Kishanganj. Tomb of Ghaziuddin Khan, Tomb of Roshanara & Baradari Tomb of Razia Begum in Mohalla Bulbuli Khana Tomb of Safdarjang (Mirza Muqim Mansur Ali Khan) with all the enclosure walls, gateways, gardens and the mosque on the eastern side of the garden. Tripolia Gateways Uggar Sain's Baoli Tomb of Darya Khan Baoli at Ghiaspur Tomb of Mirza Muzaffer, Chota Batasha No. 153, Ghiaspur Tomb of Amir Khusro, Ghiaspur Tomb of Mirza Muzaffer, Bara Batasha No. 151 Ghiaspur Tomb of Nizamuddin Aulia, Ghiaspur No. 197

60/ 58

Unknown tomb Ghiaspur 153,

Nizamuddin

61/ 59

i. The tomb of Ferozshah ii. Domed Building to the west of No.1 iii. Dalan between 1&2 iv. Domed Building & its court to the south of No. 3, v. Dalans and all ruined Buildings to the north of no. 1 and existing upto No.10 vi. Five Chhatris to the case of No. 1& No.5 vii. Old Gate to the north of No.6 viii. Three Chhatris to the north-west of No.7 ix. Ruined courtyard and its Dalans with the Domed building to the north-west to the No.8 x. Old wall running east from No.4 xi. 2.23 Acres of land surrounding the above monuments and bouded on the North by house of Chhange and Mehra Chand sons of Hansram and house of Uderam, son of Kusha South Ghairmunkan Resta East By village site belonging to village community house of Nots Zadar sons of Jai Singh Chhamar and field Nos. 338 & 331 belonging to Naider and others West By field no. 185 belonging to Udaram, son of Kusal Jat and field No. 186 belonging to Jagins and Sajawal Rajput, No. 195 Ghairmunkin Johar, common of Jats and Musalmans and filed no. 196, Ghairmunkin Pall.

Hauz Khas

48/ 49/ 50/ 51/

08 35 09 15

52/ 36 53/ 16 54/ 52 55/ 53 56/ 54 57/ 55 58/ 56

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location police Line Compound of House No. 7 Court Road Compound of Curzon House In the garden near south west entrance to Delhi Club Ground Delhi Fort Kishan Ganj Tughlaqabad Sabzi Mandi Shahjahanabad Lodhi Road, New Delhi

Delhi-Karnal Road Near Jantar Mantar Kidwai Nagar East Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Nizamuddin

A-3

Appendix

Old/ New No. 62/ 60 63/ 61

Name of Monument Bag-i-Alam Gumbad with a Mosque Kali Gumti

64/ 62

Tofewala Gumbad

65/ 63

Arab Sarai

66/ 114

The Gate way of Arab Sarai facing North towards Purana Qila The Gate way of Arab Sarai facing East towards the tomb of Humayun Remainig Gateways of Arab Sarai and of AbadiBagh-Buhalima

67/ 113 68/ 115 69/ 64

Lakhar wal Gumbad (Tomb)

70/ 65

Sunderwala Burj

71/ 66

Sunderwala Mahal

72/ 67

Bijay Mandal, neighbouring domes, buildings and dalan to north of Begumpur Old Lodi Bridge with approaches

73/ 68 74/ 69

78/ 73

Mosque with the dalans and courtyard and the Bara Gumbaj (the domed entracne to the mosque) The tomb of Mohammed Shah known as Mubarak Khan- Ka-Gumbaz Tomb of Sikander Lodi with its enclosure wall and bastions, gates & compound Unknown tomb with blue tiles decoration known as Shisha Gumbad Bandi or Poti ka Gumbad III-280

79/ 75

Biran-Ka-Gumbad-282

80/ 76

Biwi or Dadi-ka-Gumbad-281

81/ 77

Chor Minar No. 289 Vol III

82/ 78

Choti Gumti

83/ 79

Idgah of Kharehra No. 287, Vol III

84/ 80

Nili Mosque

85/ 81

Sakri Gumti-284

86/ 82

Khirkee Masjid

75/ 70 76/ 71 77/ 72

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Humayunpur Humayunpur (Hauz Khas) Humayunpur Deer Park (Hauz Khas) Patti, Ghiapur in Hauz Inderpat Near Arab Sarai Village Near Arab Sarai Village Near Arab Sarai Village Inderpat Estate (Sunder Nursery), Near Delhi Public School, Mathura Road, Nizamuddin Inderpat Estate (Sunder Nursery) Inderpat Estate (Sunder Nursery) In village Kalusarai (Sarvapriya Vihar) Near tomb of Sikander Lodi, Khairpur Khairpur Khairpur Khairpur Khairpur Kharera village between Hauz Khas and Qutab road Kharera village between Hauz Khas and Qutab road Kharera village between Hauz Khas and Qutab road Kharehra (Hauz Khas Enclave) Kharehra village Green Park Kharehra village Hauz Khas Enclave Kharehra village Hauz Khas Enclave Kharehra village Green Park Village Khirkee

A-4

Appendix

Old/ New No. 87/ 83

Name of Monument Satpula-III –216

Location Village Khirkee

88/ 84

Tomb of Yusuf-Quttal

89/ 96 90/ 94

Jahaz Mahal Shamsid Tallab together with platform entrance gates. Moti Masjid Old Palace of Bahadur Shah II alias Lal Mahal in Mehrauli

At Khirkee in field no.81 min, Property of Shamlat deh. Mehrauli Mehrauli

91/ 97 92/ 98

93/ 74

94/ 99

95/ 96/ 97/ 98/

101 100 102 104

Bara Khamba-285

The Qutab Archaeological area as now fenced in, including the Mosque, Iron Pillar, Minar of Qutabdin, unfinished Minar, all colonnads, screen arches, tomb of Altmash, college, buildings of Aluddin, Tomb of Imam Zamin and all carved stoens in the above area with gardens, paths and water channels, and all gateways including the Alai-Darwaza , also all graves in the above area Tomb of Adam Khan (Rest House) Tomb and Mosque of Maulana Jamali Kamali Wall mosque Walls of Lal Kot and Rai Pithora's fort from Sohan Gate to Adam Khan's tomb including the ditch where there is an outer wall

99/ 103

Walls of Lal Kot and Rai Pithora's fort at the point where they meet together

100/ 105

102/ 106

Wall of Rai Pithora's fort including gateways and bastions Gates and walls of Mubarakpur, Kotla in village Mubarakpur Moth-ki-Masjid

103/ 00

Inchla Wali Gunti

104/ 108

Kala Gumbad

105/ 112

Tombs of Bade-Khan, and Mubarakpur Kotla, Kotla

106/112 107/ 111

Tombs of Chote Khan, Mubarakpur Tomb of Mubarik in Mubarakpur, Kotla

108/ 109

Mosque attached to Mubarak shah Tomb

109/ 110

Tomb of Bhura Khan

110/ 141

Tin Burji Walla Gumbad

101/ 107

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Mehrauli Mehrauli

Kherera village tombs between Hauz Khas, Qutab raod Mehrauli

Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Kh. No. 1783, 1765, 1766, 1767, 1770, 1772, 1773, 1798 & 1764 Near Jamali Kamali's Mosque Mehrauli Kh. No. 1754, Loddho Sarai Kh.No. 86,87 Mehrauli village Mubarakpur, Kotla Behind south externsion Part II. village Mubarakpur, Kotla village Mubarakpur, Kotla village Mubarakpur, Kotla Kotla village Mubarakpur, Kotla village Mubarakpur, Kotla village Mubarakpur, Kotla Mohammed pur village II, 304

A-5

Appendix

Old/ New No. 111/ 142

Name of Monument Unnamed tomb

112/ 143 113/ 144 114/ 145 115/ 146 116/ 147 117/ 148 118/ 149 119/ 00

Baoli Munda Gumbad Unnamed Mosque Unnamed Tomb Unnamed Tomb Unnamed Tomb Unnamed Tomb i. Unnamed Mosque ii. Unnamed Tomb Wajir pur- ki-Gumbad The Afsah-walla-ki-Masjid situated outside the west gate of Humayun's tomb with its dalans and paved court bounded on the east by Humayun's tomb on the west by Abadi Arab Sarai on the north by road and Khasra No. 252 and on the south by Abadi Arab Sarai Bara Khamba outside north entrance to shrine Bara Pulah bridge near Nizammudin

120/ 150 121/ 116

122/ 117 123/ 118 124/ 119 125/ 120 126/122 127/ 121 128/ 123

129/ 124

130/ 125 131/ 126 132/ 127

133/ 128

134/ 129 135/ 00 136/ 17 137/ 38 138/ 131

Chausath Khamba and tomb of Mirza Nizammudin Aziz-ka-Kokaltash Grave of Jahanara Begum Grave of Mohammed Shah Grave of Mirza Jahangir Humayun's tomb, its platforms, garden, enclosure walls and gateways Khasra No. 258 bounded on the east by Khasra No.180&181&244 of Miri Singh and on west by Kh. No. 268&253 on the north by Khasra No. 266, on the south by Kh No. 245 of Miri Singh & Kh. No. 248 & 249 of Sayyed Mohummad Nila Gumbad outside the south corner of the enclosure of Humayun's tomb (Kh. No. 243) bounded on the east by Kh. No. 182, on the west by Humayun's tomb, on the north by Kh. No. 181 & on the south by Kh. No. 244 of Miri Singh Nili Chhatri or Subz Burz . Tomb of Afsar-wala immediately near to the south of Afsar-wala-ki-Masjid Tomb of Atgah Khan

The tomb of Isa Khan with its surrounding enclosure walls and turrest garden gateways and mosque (Kh. No. 281 ) bounded on the east by Arab Sarai Kh. No.236 on the west by Kh. No. 283 graveyard of Piare Lal and K.No. 283 of Bddon on the north by Kh. No. 236 of Pandit Brij Vallabh and on the south by Arab Sarai Kh. No. 238. Tomb of Khan-i-Khanan Tomb with three domes near Rly.Station Sikargah Kushak-II -327 Gateways of Badli-Ki-Sarai Tomb of Sheikh Kaburuddin also known as

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Mohammed pur village , 305 Munika II. 318. Munika 302. Munika 314. Munika 313. Munika 315. Munika 316. Munika 317. Munika 321& Munika 322 Munika 312. Nizammudin

Nizammudin South of Nizammudin Nizammudin Nizammudin Nizammudin Nizammudin Nizammudin

Nizammudin

Nizammudin East Nizammudin Nizammudin

Nizammudin

Nizammudin Nizammudin Old Kushak Village Village Pipalthala Malviyanagar

A-6

Appendix

Old/ New No.

139/ 133 140/ 132

141/ 134 142/ 135

Name of Monument Rakabwala Gumbad in field no.84 min. situated at sarai Shah 31 property of Thoks Shahpur and Adhehini Ruined line of walls, bastions & gateways of siri Kh. No. 88, 265 &447 at village Shahpur Jat Internal buildings of Siri Mehammadi wali-Kh. No. 14 Shahpur Jat Bul-Bul-Ki-Kh. No. 256 Shahpur Jat Makhdum ki Kh. No. 255 Shahpur Jat Baradari Shahpur Jat Motiyan wala dome Shahpur Jat Thana wala Shahpur Jat Nai-ka-kot. Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaqabad. walls and bastions, gates and cause way including the tomb of Dad Khan

Location

Shahpur Jat Shahpur Jat

Tughlaqabad. Kotla Tughlaqabad.

143/ 136

Tomb of Mohammed Tughlaqabadshah

Badarpur Zail

144/ 139 145/ 138

Badarpur Zail Tughlaqabad.

162/ 95 163/ 151

Walls of old city of Tughlaqabad. Walls, gateways bastions and internal buildings of both inner and outer citadels of Tughlaqabad fort Walls, gate and bastions of Adilabad (Mohammadbad) and causeway leading there to from Tughlaqabad. The Tomb The mosque Neighbouring Bridge Mound known as Jaga Bai comprise in part of surve plot no. 167 Ashoka rock Edict Madhi Mosque Rajon-ki-Bain with Mosque and Chhatri Badun Gate Gateway of Lal kot Gateway of Rai Pithoria's fort Walls of Rai Pithora's fort and Jahan Panah at the point where they meet together Tomb of Sultan Ghari Baoli known as diving wall locally known as (Candak-ki-baoli) Enlosure containing the tomb of Shah Alam Bahadur Shah, Shah Alam to and Akbar Shah II Houz Shamsi with central red stone pavilion situated at Mehrauli in field No. 157-81, 1586-97, 1614 &1624 Iron Pillar Hindu Ancient Mosque

164/ 39

Sheesh Mahal

165/ 18

Ashokan Pillar

166/ 130 167/ 90, 167/ 90

Sarai Shahji Azim Khan Tomb

146/ 137 147/ 42 148/ 41 149/ 40 150 151/ 46 152/ 85 153/ 86 154/ 87 155/ 88 156/ 89 157/ 91 158/ 140 159/ 92 160/ 93 161/ 94

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Tughlaqabad. Wazirabad Wazirabad Wazirabad Jamia nagar East of Kailash colony Ladho Sarai Ladho Sarai Ladho Sarai Ladho Sarai Ladho Sarai Hauz Rani abd Lado Sarai Nalikpur Kohi Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Palam Shalimar Garden Village Hyderpur On the Ridge between Hindu Rao Hospital Malaviya Nagar Lado Sarai

A-7

Appendix

Old/ New No. 168/ 154

Name of Monument Mazar of Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim Zauq

169/ 03S

171/ 153 172/ ---

Fortificaiton Wall Asad Burj, Water gate, Delhi Gate, Lahori Gate, Jahangiri Gate, Chhattra Bazar, Baoli Fortification walls, Gates, Bastions and Ancient Buildings of Salimgarh Fort Portion of the City Wall of Shahajanabad Sat Narain Bhawan

173/ 100

Balban Khan's Tomb & Jamli Kamali

174/---

Unknown Tomb in the vicinitty of Jawahar Lal Nehru Stadium Mazar of Mirza Ghalib

170/ 152

175/ ---

Location ChindBagh, Kadam Sherif, Paharganj, Delhi Red Fort, Delhi Bela Road Ansari Road Delhi Sadhora Khurd, Dina Nath Marg, Roshanara Road, New Delhi. Lado Sarai, Mehrauli, Delhi Pragati Vihar, New Delhi Nizamuddin

LIST OF ADDITIONAL MONUMENTS CONSIDERED FOR PROTECTION BY THE GNCTD DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. 8 9.

Name of Monument Mutiny Memorial Maqbara Paik Dara Shikoh Library Turkman Gate Baradari Tomb Zail Lodhi period Tomb Monuments

10

Haveli of Mirza Ghalib

Location Northern Ridge GTK Depot Kashmere Gate Sadhana Enclave Near Lodhi Rd Flyover Bawana Katwaria Sarai Delhi Golf Club, DDA Golf Club Gali Qasim Jan, Ballimaran

The following areas have been identified as CONSERVATION AREAS and ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARKS by the INTACH 2000 List: 1. Delhi University and Northern Ridge 2. Walled City of Shahjehanabad Heritage Conservation Zones as detailed above 3. Lutyen’s Delhi including: Connaught Place Gole Market Area Barracks Lutyens Bungalow Zone and Safdarjang’s Tomb, Lodhi Garden and Delhi Golf Club Central Vista 4. Firozabad – Firoz Shah Kotla 5. Purana Quila, Delhi Zoo and Sundar Nursery 6. Hazrat Nizamuddin, Humayun’s Tomb Complex World Heritage Site and Barapullah Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

A-8

Appendix

7. Qutb Complex World Heritage Site and Mehrauli Area 8. Vijay Mandal – Begumpur – Sarai Shahji – Lal Gumbad area 9. Hauz Khas – Deer Park 10. Chiragh Delhi 11. Tughlaquabad – Adilabad – Nai ka Kot 12. Delhi Cantonment Area. 13. Mehrauli Archaeological Park 14. Sultan Garhi Archaeological Park 15. Tughlaquabad Archaeological Park

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

A-9

Appendix

APPENDIX-2 Published List of Heritage Buildings in the MCD Areas Zone – A, Walled City S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Buildings Idgah Lady Reading Health School Dispensary Lady Reading Health School Outer gateway Qila Qadam Sharief Inner gateway Qila Qadam Sharief Mosque Qila Qadam Sharief Gateway of Qadam Sharief Shrine Qadam Sharief Shrine Firoz Shah Mosque Kunwari Begam Ka Burj Enclosures walls Qila Qadam Sharief Tomb Hari Masjid Mosque Chitra Gupta Temple Haveli

17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.

Mosque Municipal Corporation Primary School Residence Residence Tomb Mosque / Imambara Shivalaya Mosque Police Station Balika Chaman Northern Railway Rest House Sarhindi Masjid Gular Wali Masjid Ghazi-ud-Din’s Mosque Muhtasib’s Mosque Gateway Masjid Ramzan Shah Haveli Durga Mandir Shivalya Hauzwali Masjid Tahawwur Khan’s Mosque Residnce

39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

Fatepuri Masjid St. Stephens Church Bhowani Shankar Ki Kacheri Dharamshala Rai Sahib Lala Laxmi Narayan Bhairav Mandir Municipal Corporation Primary Girls School Gateway

46.

Gateway

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location West of Paharganj Sadar Bazar Sadar Bazar Nabi Karim Nabi Karim Qila Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim Nabi Karim Nabi Karim Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim Qadam Sharief Nabi Karim Tail Mill Road, Ram Nagar Chuna Mandi Paharganj Chitra Gupta Road Paharganj Paharganj Opp. Hare Kishan Guest House Paharganj 116, Main Bazar Road, Paharganj Main Bazar Road, Paharganj 110, Gali Krishna Paharganj 104, Gali Krishna Paharganj Qutab Road Qutab Road New Delhi Rail Station New Delhi Rail Station Sadar Bazar New Delhi Rail Station Connaught Place Lahori Gate Fatehpuri Fatehpuri Fatehpuri Tilak Bazar, Fatehpuri Fatehpuri Bazar Naya Bans, Fatehpuri Fatehpuri Naya Bans, Fatehpuri Naya Bans, Fatehpuri 306, Kuncha Sanjogiram, Naya Bans, Fatehpuri Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk Fatehpuri, Chandni Chowk Church Mission Road, Fatehpuri Chandni Chowk Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk 322, Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk 154, Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk

A-10

Appendix

S. No. 47. 48.

Buildings Namak Haram Ki Haveli Namak Haram Ki Haveli

49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.

Gateway Shivalya Kunniji Maharaj Shivalaya Mankchanda & Visvesvaranath’s Shivalya Bada Shivalya Residence Shivalya Ghanteshwar Mahadev Residence Residence Dhumimal’s Shivalya

59. 60. 61. 62. 63.

Residence Pandit Hari Ram Ji ka Shivalya Dharamshala Temple School Residence

64.

Haveli

65.

Residence

66.

Residence

67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72.

ANZ Grindlays Building Union Bank of India Building Oriental Bank of Commerce Building Gateway to Katra Neel Lala Chuna Mal’s Haveli Mirza Galib’s House

73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94.

Mirza Galib’s In-Law’s House Mahadev Mandir Old Delhi Railway Station Police Station Punjab National Bank Building MCD Office Hakim Mihr Ali Shah’s Mosque Sunehri Masjid North Brook Fountain Gurudwara Sis Ganj Central Baptist Church Gujrati Temple Hardayal Municipal Public Library Gateway Bhagirath Place Fort View Hotel St. Mary’s Church Gateway of Zeenat Mahal Office Block Gateway Gateway Yogmaya Mandir

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk 316, Kuncha Ghansiram, Chandni Chowk 759, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 793, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 515, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 577, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 701, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 574, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 598, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 575, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 596, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 602, Ghanteshwara Mahadev, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 649, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk 689, Katra Neel, Chandni Chowk Bagh Diwar, Fatehpuri Bagh Diwar, Fatehpuri 508, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni Chowk 507, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni Chowk 509, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni Chowk 499, Haveli Haider Quli, Chandni Chowk 534, Chandni Chowk 628, Chandni Chowk 681, Chandni Chowk Katra Neel Chandni Chowk Katra Neel Chandni Chowk 2298, Gali Qasim Jan, Billimaran, Chandni Chowk Billimaran S. P. Mukherjee Marg S. P. Mukherjee Marg Chandni Chowk 458, Katra Mohan, Chandni Chowk Kucha Bagh, Chandni Chowk Gali Kucha Bagh, Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk 1739, Dariba Kalan Gandhi Ground, Chandni Chowk 2255, Kaudiya Pul, Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk S. P. Mukherjee Marg Lal Kuan Bazar Lal Kuan Bazar Lal Kuan Farash Khana Off Bazar Lal Kuan Kuncha Sanjogiram Bazar, Naya Bazar, Naya Bazar

A-11

Appendix

S. No. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103.

Buildings MCD Dispensary Residence Graves enclosure of Nawan Iradtmand Khan & Nawab Masayar Khan Gateway Sikriwalans Mosque Masjit Mubarak Begam Houz Qazi Mosque Gateway Residence

104.

Haveli

105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115.

Hindustani Dawakhana Gateway Shri Digambar Jain Naya Mandir Anand Aushdhlaya Shri Agawal Digambar Jain Panchayati Mandir Residence Residence Shri Digambar Jain Maru Mandir Prakash Nursery School Commercial-cum-Residential Building Residence

116.

Residence

117. 118. 119. 120.

Ram Nath Inder Devi trust Jain Temple Naugharana Residence

121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140.

Nawab Sahib’s Mosque Gateway Residence Jain Temple Jain Temple Gate to Kucha-I-Ustad Hamid Indraprastha Hindu Girls Senior Secondary School Lal Mandir Kasturba Janana Hospital Chatta Agha Jan Masjid Bridge Near Lahori Gate, Red Fort Baoli Army Barracks Mosque of gaziuddin Khan Anglo-Arbic Public School Rehmani Masjid Commercial Building Residence MCD Primary Boys School Residence

141.

Guler Wali Masjid

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Lal Kuan Mohalla Roadgran, Lal Kuan Mohalla Roadgran, Lal Kuan Bazar Sikriwalan, Fatehpuri Bazar Sikriwalan, Hauz Quazi Bazar Sikriwalan, Hauz Quazi Hauz Quazi Chowk, Fatehpuri Gali Qasim Jan, Fatehpuri 2168, Gali Qasim Jan, Billimaran, Chandni Chowk 2160, Ahata Kale Saheb, Billimaran, Chandni Chowk Billimaran, Chandni Chowk 3639, Chawari Bazar Fatehpuri Billimaran, Chandni Chowk Fatehpuri 2293, Dharampura, Fatehpuri 2218, Dharampura, Fatehpuri Fatehpuri Dharampura, Fatehpuri Fatehpuri 2942, Katra Kushal Rai, Kinari Bazar, Chandini Chowk 1961, Katra Kushal Rai, Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk West end of Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk Kinari Bazar, Chandni Chowk Near Panchayti Jain Mandir Dariba Kalan, Chandni Chowk 1541, Dariba Kalan, Chandni Chowk 1513, Dariba Kalan, Chandni Chowk Kishan Gali Jama Masjid Jama Masjid Chandni Chowk Dariyaganj Dariyaganj Red Fort 158, Red Fort Red Fort Ajmeri Gate Ajmeri Gate Ajmeri Gate Ajmeri Gate 4642-4649, Ajmeri Gate 290-295, Ajmeri Gate 4110-4141, Gali Shah Tara, Ajmeri Gate Kuncha-I-Shah, Tara, Ajmeri Gate

A-12

Appendix

S. No. 142. 143. 144. 145.

Buildings Unchi Masjid Masjid Residence Residence

146. 147.

Nav Jyoti Public School Jain Mandir

148. 149.

Residence Residence

150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163.

Residence Holy trinity Church Badi Masjid Telion Ka Phatak Kalan Masjid Lal Darwaza L. Madan Mashal Lal Ayurvedic Charitable Dispensary Haveli Municipal Corporation Ayurvedic Dispensary Haksar Haveli Bhartiya Bal Sadan Society Dharamshala Lala Pyare Lal Madho Ram Amrudwali Mosque Residence

164. 165. 166. 167.

Anjuman Masjid Tomb of Shah Turkman Tomb Raziya Sultan Mosque

168. 169. 170. 171.

Mosque Shah Gulam Ali Dargah Shah Gulam Ali Residence Sunehri Masjid

172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190.

Shri Digambar Jain Mandir Masjid Saiwali Jain Temple & School Hotel Moti Mahal Residence and Commercial Building Commercial Street Residence and Commercial Building Commercial Street Street with 14 Buildings Dargah Shah Shabir Baksh Masjid Beriwali Police Station Residence, DCP Central H.M. D.A.V Middle School Shroff Eye Hospital Hindi Park Housing Area Mosque City Wall South Darya Ganj Mortello Tower

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Kuncha-I-Shah, Tara, Ajmeri Gate Kuncha-I-Shah, Tara, Ajmeri Gate 4346, Kuncha-I-Pandit, Ajmeri Gate 504, Kuncha Pati Ram, Ram Bazar Sitaram 939, Kuncha Pati Ram Bazar Sitaram 908, Kuncha Pati Ram, Near Hauz Qazi 901, Kuncha Pati Ram, Bazar Sitaram 908, Kuncha Pati Ram, Near Hauz Qazi 834, Mohalla Imli, Bazar Sitaram Turkman Gate Turkman Gate Turkman Gate Turkman Gate Bazar Sita Ram Bazar Sita Ram 2549, Churiwalan, Bazar Sita Ram 1424, Bazar Sita Ram Bazar Sita Ram Bazar Sita Ram Bazar Sita Ram Bazar Sita Ram 2837, Rehman Building, Bazar Sita Ram Bazar Sita Ram, Chandni Chowk Mohalla Qabrustan, Turkman Gate Bulbuli Khana, Turkman Gate Bazar MatMatya Mahal, Near Jama Masjid Kuncha Mir Hashim, Tyrkman Gate Kuncha Mir Hashim, Tyrkman Gate 3460, Netaji Subhash Marg Daryaganj West of Netaji Subhash Marg Daryaganj Delhi Gate Kuncha Chetan, Daryaganj Daryaganj Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 4, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 8-14, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 15-16, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 19-23, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 26-40, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 5051, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj 5052, Netaji Sibhash Marg, Daryaganj Daryaganj Daryaganj Daryaganj Daryaganj Hindi Park, Daryaganj Hindi Park, Daryaganj Daryaganj Daryaganj

A-13

Appendix

S. No. 191. 192. 193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207.

Buildings Residence Residence, Dr. Ansari House Phatak Habsh Khan Gateway Allahbad Bank Building Town Hall Company Bagh Gateway to Katra Nawab State Bank of India Residence Mahabir Jain Bhawan Haveli of Ahsanullah Khan Residence Residence Lal Kuan Residence Residence

Location Ansari Road, Daryaganj Ansari Road, Daryaganj Tilak Bazar, Fatehpuri Billimaran, Fatehpuri Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk North of Town Hall Chandni Chowk Chandni Chowk 1222, Chandni Chowk 1417, Chandni Chowk Bazar Sikriwalan, Off Lal Kuan 5012, Phatak Bans, Lal Kuan 5051, Bazar Sikriwalan Bazar Lal Kuan 962, Kuncha Pati Ram, Bazar Sita Ram 505, Kuncha Pati Ram, Bazar Sita Ram

Zone – B, Karol Bagh S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Buildings Shikargah Haveli Well Temple Mukhal Tank Shivalya Milestone / Memorial Ramjas S. S. School Tibbia College Residence Lal Masjid Bari Masjid MCD Co-Ed School MCD Dispensary Shidion Ki Masjid

Location Jonti village, Kanjhaola Jonti village, Kanjhaola Jonti village, Kanjhaola Jonti village, Kanjhaola Kanjhaola Jonti village, Kanjhaola Tikri Border, Rohtak Road Anand Parbat New Rohtak Road New Rohtak Road Opp. Tibbia College Northern end of Faiz Road Karon Bagh Bara Hindu Rao Rani Jhansi Road, Bara Hindu Rao Bara Hindu Rao Karol Bagh

Zone – C, Civil Lines S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Buildings Tank Wall Mosque Memorial Coronation Memorial Coronation Bank Embankment Ammunition Store Ammunition Store Ammunition Store

10.

Colonial Building, Majumdar Marg

11. 12.

Pathan Ki Masjid Mosque

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Kuraini Village, Narela Kuraini Village, Narela Azadpur Market, G. T. Road Kingsway Camp Kingsway Camp Majnu Ka Tila Mall Road, Civil Lines Mall Road, Civil Lines Brig. S. K. Majumdar Marg, Mall Road, Civil Lines Engineers Office, Brig. S. K. Mall Road, Civil Lines Mall Road, Civil Lines G. T. Road, Opp. State Bank Colony,

A-14

Appendix

S. No. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

Buildings

27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

Gateway of Mahaldhar Khan’s Garden Gateway Faculty of Arts Delhi University Office Gwyer Hall St. Stephen’ s College Chapel Principal’s Residence Guard House Old Secretariat I. P. College for Woman Defence Science Centre National Institute of Communicable Diseases Meena Devi Jindal Medical Institute and research centre Sant Parmanand Hospital Mosque of Shah Wajid MCD Primary School Residential Building Dharamshala MCD Primary School Hindu Rao Hospital Methodist Church Queen Mary’s School Principal’s Residence Mosque St. Stephen’s Hospital St. Stephen’s Hospital Chapel Residence Residence Teacher Hostel B. M. Ganga Girls School Residence Chapel Delhi United Christian Sr. Sec. School Paulas Sadan St. Xavier’s School Butler Memorial Girls School Residence Residence

52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65.

St. Stephen’s Community Centre St. Anne’s School Residence Cambridge Brotherhood Hotel Oberoi Medians Exchange Store Residence Canal Rest House Maharaja Agrasen Park Shia Masjid Suiwali Masjid Gulam Nabi’s Mosque Burhya’s Mosque Gulerwali Masjid

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Delhi-7 G. T. Road G. T. Road Delhi University Delhi University Delhi University Delhi University St. Stephen College St. Stephen College Hindu College Civil Line Civil Line Ring Road, Vidha Sabha Civil Line Civil Line Civil Line Roshanara Garden Roshanara Garden Roshanara Garden Sabzi Mandi Roshanara Road Civil Line Tis Hazari Tis Hazari Tis Hazari Tis Hazari Tis Hazari Tis Hazari 10, Under Hill Road, Civil Line 8, Under Hill Road, Civil Line Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line 19, Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line 19, Rajniwas Marg, Civil Line Civil Line Civil Line Civil Line Boulevard Road Boulevard Road North East of Stephen Hospital, Boulevard Road Rajpur Road Rajpur Road Court Road, Rajpur Road Court Lane, Civil Line Civil Line Civil Line 17, Sham Nath Marg Qudsia Bagh Boulevard Road Mori Gate Mori Gate Mori Gate Mori Gate Ram Bazar

A-15

Appendix

S. No. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103.

Buildings Hamilton Road School James Skinner’s House Dargah Panja Sharif Badrudin’s Grave Residence Bengali Club Kashmere Gate Market NCC Office Residence School Lal Masjid Colonnaded Building Circular Baradari Madarsaa Amima Islama Arbad Ayurvedic Dispensary Office of the Election Commission Hamid Ali Khan’s Mosque Kucheri Court for Traffic Offences Water Bastion NCC Office Gallows Bastion Office of Northern Railways St. James Church St. James Annexe Skinner Family’s Cemetery Delhi Collage of Engineering Archeological Museum Delhi Institute of Technology Commemorative Column Post Office Nigam Bodh Ghat Northern Railway Officers Rest House Lothian Bridge Nili Chhatri Temple Jail Museum Ammunition Rooms Market

Location Mori Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Chotta Bazar, Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Lal Sultan Singh Estate, Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate MCD Office, Kashmere Gate MCD Office, Kashmere Gate Bara Bazar, Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate ISBT, Kashmere Gate Traffic Court, Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Lothian Road, Near Post Office Kashmere Gate Kashmere Gate Mukherjee Road Mukherjee Road Yamuna Bazar Salimgarh Fort Salimgarh Fort Salimgarh Fort Club Road off Boulevard Road

Zone – D, New Delhi S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Buildings Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Narayan Hospital Lok Nayak Hospital Administrative Block Mosque Mehndiyan Nursery Mosque Chaunsath Khamba Dargah Enclosure Memorial Jamiat Ulama Hind Masjid Tomb of Shiekh Muhammad Sahib Mosque Matka Pir

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg Near Mulana Azad Medical Collage North Mulana Azad Medical Collage West of Mulana Azad Medical Collage West of Mulana Azad Medical Collage West of Mulana Azad Medical Collage Mulana Azad Medical Collage Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg South of Vikas Marg South of Vikas Marg (DDA) Mathura Road South West Corner of

A-16

Appendix

S. No.

Buildings

13. 14. 15.

Hammam Tomb Azimganj Sarai

16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

Mosque Do Sariya Gumbad Tomb Gateway Gateway Khan-E-Dauran Khan’s Mosque Tomb Northern Gateway of Dargah Complex Tomb

25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

Chini Ka Burj Tomb of Bai Kodaldai Arcade Building Gateway to Inner Enclosure of Dargah Dalan of Itqad Khan Enclosure of Nawab Mustafa Khan Majlis Khans Jamaat Khana Mosque Tomb Dalan of Mirdha Ikran Langar Khana Eastern Gateway of Dargah Gateway of the House of Mirza Jahangir Residential Gateway of Leading to the tomb of Atgan Khan Dalans Bari Ka Gumbad Gateway

43.

Well

44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.

Gateway Mirza Galib’s Tomb Kali Masjid Gateway of Inner Kot Bastion of Inner Kot Tomb of Khan-I-Jahan Tilagani Wall of Inner Kot Shiv Mandir Chakarwali Masjid

53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.

Tomb Wall Mosque Well Well Mosque Tomb Grave Platform Chilla Nizamuddin Tomb of Sayyid Yasin

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Pragati Maidan Purana Quila, Mathura Road Delhi Zoo, Mathura Road National Zoological Park, Sundar Nagar Lal Bahadur Shastri Marg Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village West of Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin North West Corner of B Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin Dargah Complex, Nizamuddin Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Argah Khan’s Tomb Complex East of Argah Khan’s Tomb Complex On the Main Entry from mathura Road, Nizamuddin Village East of Chaunsath Khamba, Nizamuddin North West Chaunsath Khamba Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village Nizamuddin Village G-Block Nizamuddin West At the Inter Section of Lodi Road and Mathura Road South of DPS Mathura Road South of DPS Mathura Road Humayun’s Tomb Complex Sunder Nursery Nizamuddin Sunder Nursery Nizamuddin Northern Side of Humayun’s Tomb North Side of Humayun’s Tomb North Side of Humayun’s Tomb Mathura Road, Nizamuddin

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Appendix

S. No. 62. 63. 64. 65.

Buildings Gateway Western Gateway Residence Baoli & Well

66.

South Gate of Kotla Mubarakpur

67.

Gumti

68. 69. 70. 71.

Bridge St. Paul Cathedral Mosque MCD Office

72.

Shivalaya

73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79.

Gateway of Temple Domed Building Tomb of Kale Khan Gumti of Sheikh Ali Gateway Tomb of Basti Mosque of Basti

Location Nizamuddin East, Mathura Road Kotla Mubarakpur, South Ext. Kotla Mubarakpur, South Ext. North of Mubarak Shah’s Tomb Kotla Mubarakpur, South Ext. Mubarak Shah’s Tomb Kotla Mubarakpur, South Ext. South of Caupal, Village Kotla Mubarakpur North West Edge of Kotla Mubarakpur Hospital Marg, Bhogal Masjid Marg, Bhogal Jal Vihar, Shiv Mandir Marg, Lajpat Nagar Jal Vihar, Shiv Mandir Marg, Lajpat Nagar Kilokari Village Kilokari Village Sarai Kale Khan Defence Colony Defence Colony Defence Colony Defence Colony

Zone – F, South Delhi S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.

Buildings Temple Two temples Tomb Gateway Qasai Wala Gumbad Mosque Tomb Baoli Bara Lao Ka Gumbad Tomb Known as Baradari Mosque Garden Wall Mosque Wall Mosque Wall Mosque Mosque Residence Malik Munirka Mosque Mosque Mosque of Haji Langa Haji Langa Gimbad Gateway Tomb Tomb Caupal Tomb Mosque Domed Building

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location NH-8, Naval Area, Rao Tula Ram Marg Rao Tula Ram Marg Rao Tula Ram Marg CAMS Complex, Cantonment Vasant Vihar Vasant Vihar Vasant Vihar Vasant Vihar Vasant Vihar Vasant Vihar Basant Lok Market, Vasant Vihar Vasant Vihar DTC Depot, Vasant Vihar Sec-5, R. K. Puram Sec-5, R. K. Puram Sec-5, R. K. Puram 214, Village Munirka 117, Village Munirka Between Sec-3 & 4, R. K. Puram Sec-3, R. K. Puram Munirka Sec-3, R. K. Puram Sec-3, R. K. Puram Mohmmadpur Village Mohmmadpur Village Mohmmadpur Village Mohmmadpur Village Mohmmadpur Village

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Appendix

S. No. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83.

Buildings Well Maluk Chand Ka Gumbad Dalan Gumti Hauz Khas Tank Munda Gumbad Idgah Turrent Plinth Mosque Kali Gumti Wall Mosque Tufewala Gumbad Well Barah Khamba Structure Unknown Enclosure Wall of Kharera Village Mosque Mosque of Darwesh Bridge Bulbulki Baradari Building Gateway Tomb Tomb Gateway Tomb Tomb Tomb Tomb Tomb Mahavir Library Gateway Kalka Mandir Dharamshala Bund Mahal Ruins Ruins Enclosure Wall Ruins Tomb Dalan Khangah Mosque Chaupal Gateway of Moqsue Mosque Gateway Wall Mosque Wall Mosque Wall Mosque Wall Mosque Wall Mosque

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Humayunpur Village Humayunpur Village Humayunpur Village Humayunpur Village Dist. Park, Safdurjung Encl. Dist. Park, Hauz Khas Hauz Khas Village Hauz Khas Village Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village Deer Park, Hauz Khas Village F-Block, Green Park Green Park Green Park Green Park Kharera Village Gulmorhar Park Sirifort Residential Complex Sirifort Residential Complex Shahpur Jat Village Masjid Moth, South Extn. – II Masjid Moth Gautam Nagar Near L.S.R. Collage Lala Lajpat Rai Marg Zamroodpur Village Zamroodpur Village Zamroodpur Village Near House No. 88, Zamroodpur Village Lane 62, Zamroodpur Village N Block, G. K. Part-I Kalkaji Mandir Kalkaji Kalkaji Mandir, Kalkaji Mahipalpur Village Mahipalpur Village Mahipalpur Village Sec-C, Pkt-9, Vasant Kunj Vasant Kunj Vasant Kunj Katwariasarai Village Katwariasarai Village Sarvpriya Vihar Kalu Sarai Village Kalu Sarai Village Adchini Village Adchini Village Adchini Village Malviya Nagar Malviya Nagar Lal Gumbad Complex Malviya Nagar Malviya Nagar

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Appendix

S. No. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138.

Buildings Mahal Mosque Enclosure Enclosure Dukh Bhajan Gurudwara Kharbuze Ka Gumbad Tomb of Shiekh Allauddin Tomb Tomb Tomb of Shiekh Salauddin Mosque Mosque Tomb Tomb Majlis Khana Mosque Mosque Tomb of Sheikh Usman Saiyan Lal Gumbad II Madarsa Zeenatul Northern Gateway of Chirag Delhi Circular Bastion and Chattri Eastern Gateway of Walls of Chirag Delhi Southern Gateway of Walls of Chirag Delhi Western Gateway of Walls of Chirag Delhi Eastern Gateway of Inner Enclosure Tomb of Roshan Chirag Delhi Mosque of Faruksiyar Tomb Tomb of Shiekh Zainuddin Tomb of the Grand Daughter of Shiekh Farid Shakarganj Mosque Mehfil Khana Tomb An Enclosure Tomb Majlis Khana Grave Enclosure Gateway Pahar Gateway Tomb Tomb of Haji Khanam Turret Jain Temple Hanuman Temple Kos Minar Tomb Tomb Mosque Tomb of Sheikh Haidar Residence Plinth of Mosque Roof Tomb – Kala Gumbad

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Malviya Nagar Malviya Nagar Malviya Nagar Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Shiekh Sarai, Phase-I Khirki Village Khirki Village Khirki Village Panchsheel Enclave Panchsheel Enclave Chirag Delhi Village Chirag Delhi Village Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Near House No. 344, Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Near House No. 344, Chirag Delhi Near House No. 344, Chirag Delhi Near House No. 341, Chirag Delhi Chirag Delhi Mathura Road M. B. Road, Lado Sarai Lado Sarai Lado Sarai M. B. Road Saidulajab Village Saidulajab Village Press Enclave Tuglakabad Institutional Area

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Appendix

S. No. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193.

Buildings Well Plinth and Well Embankment Kos Minar Northern Gateway Central Gateway Shahi Masjid Southern Gateway Kos Minar Qutab Guest House The form house restaurant Metcalfe’s Folly 1, 2 Colonial Buildings Mosque Chaumukha Darwaza Anagtal Residence Mosque of Wafab Shah Mehrauli Public Library Haveli Residence Temple of Jogmaya Priest’s Residence Residence Baradari at Jog Maya Temple Primary School Residence Residence Prachin Sidh Shri Hanuman Mandir St. John Church Complex Mosque of Quazian Primary Health Centre MCD House Tax Office and Vocational Training Centre Wall Mosque Gateway Residence Original Gateway of Dargah Sharif Residence Noorie Masjid Dilkusha Mosque Residence Residence Residence Residence Well Residence Residential Street Residence Residence Gatewayof Mohalla Residence Residence Residence Residence Residence Chowk

Client : Dept. of Urban Development, Govt. of Delhi Consultant : IL&FS Ecosmart Limited

Location Tuglakabad Institutional Area Tuglakabad Fort Tuglakabad Fort Badarpur Sarai Badarpur Sarai Badarpur Sarai Badarpur Sarai Badarpur Sarai Mathura Road Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Lalkot Excavation Ward-I, Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli 10/6, Ward-1, Mehrauli 10/4, Ward-1, Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli 6653, Ward-1, Mehrauli 10/8, Mehrauli Mehrauli Mehrauli Near Mehrauli Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli 1081, Ward-1, Mehrauli 1018, Ward-1, Mehrauli Ward-1, Mehrauli 994, Ward-7, Mehrauli 965, Ward-7, Mehrauli Mehrauli 324, Ward-4, Mehrauli 299, Ward-4, Mehrauli 300, Ward-4, Mehrauli 294, Ward-4, Mehrauli Ward-4, Mehrauli 445, Ward-3, Mehrauli 431-436, Ward-3, Mehrauli 260, Ward-2, Mehrauli 450, Ward-3, Mehrauli 341, Ward-4, Mehrauli 341, Ward-4, Mehrauli 254, Ward-4, Mehrauli 359, Ward-4, Mehrauli 535, Ward-5, Mehrauli Ward-5,Mehrauli

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