DEFENSAS en Los Test Graficos

OKBAJNROER @K @KCKJRA KJ PÎBJNBAR V\E^KBPNSAR H\ÁCNBAR

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@kckjrar

Okbajnroer q{k njrp|{okjpa ki ~e) q{k mabkj `k cnip|e b% Kiie ‒ R~e ‒ o{j`e k}pk|je* Ia cik}nlnin`a` e |nhn`kw kr nove|pajpk a ia me|a `k |kainwa| ki `nahjòrpnbe `nck|kjbnai* B{ajpe oár k}npera UUUUU oár vapòhkja* B{ajpe okjer k}nperaUUUUkjbejp|aoer aih÷j |krq{nbne va|a njp|e`{bn| ier baolner*

\kv|krnòj V|noa|na7  

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Kr c{j`ajpk `ki vrnq{nroe* Kj {j `nl{ge ia |kv|krnòj v|noa|na jer sa a vk|onpn| `nck|kjbna| ia cnh{|a `ki cej`e* Iar va|pkr `k ia cnh{|a krpáj njpkh|a`ar* -Hkrpaip bejrk|sa`a. Iar iïjkar rej bejpnj{ar* Je ma~ krvabner kj liajbe) ma~ bnk||k `k ia cnh{|a* Bia|a `nck|kjbnabnòj cnh{|a ‒ cej`e q{k rk oajncnkrpa a p|asîr `k ia a`kb{a`a njpkh|abnòj `k iar va|pkr `k ia cnh{|a h|acnba`a) `k ia bejrk|sabnòj `k ia h{krpaip) `k ia l{kja ce|oa*

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`kinonpabnòj `k ia cnh{|a |krvkbpe `k ia mega a p|asîr `ki `nl{ge |kainwa`e bej iïjkar bejpnj{ar q{k je `kgaj alk|p{|ar) cnh{|ar m{oajar skrpn`ar* @klkj krpa| a{rkjpkr7 ia bejc{rnòj c|kjpk  ‒ vk|cni) iar caiiar kj ia vk|rvkbpnsa ~ iar p|ajrva|kjbnar A{rkjbna `k |kv|krnòj v|noa|na 7

 Ava|kbkj p|ajrva|kjbnar -a va|pn| `k ier > añer ~a kr {j nj`nba`e|.* Kj krpar {ipnoar ava|kbkj oajnckrpabnejkr `k ie lneiòhnbe) e|hájnbe**

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\kv|krnòj Rkb{j`a|na7

Rk njrpaia a va|pn| `k ier = añer* Ki r{gkpe ah|kha `kpaiikr va|a v|krk|sa| ai ~e `k ia ajh{rpna q{k v|esnkjk `k ie |kbmawa`e* Kgkovier7 vejk|ik ajpkeger erb{|er) pabma`e `k vkie) pabma`e e reol|ka`e `k ia weja hkjnpai e vkbme) k}bi{rnòj `k weja hkjnpai kj {j `nl{ge a|oòjnbe -`nl{ger `k ok`ne b{k|ve) cai`ar ia|har ~ a`e|ja`ar.*Kikokjper `k bnk||k-îjcarnr kj ki bejp|ei v{irnejai.*

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Kj ier a`{iper {j nj`nba`e| `k |kv|krnòj rkb{j`a|na je njrpaia`a rk oajncnkrpa kj `nl{ger `k cnh{|ar m{oajar o{~ njcajpnikr) njcajpninwabnòj `k ia cnh{|a m{oaja*Kj ki á|lei ava|kbkj o{bmar |aoar p|{jba`ar* be|pk kj ia lark `ki á|lei ~ bara binbmî* Bnjp{|ejkr `krpaba`er) |koa|ba`er e |kraipa`er) q{k vk|onpkj oajpkjk| ia rkva|abnòj kjp|k ier arvkbper ackbpnser `k ier q{k pnkjkj bejjepabnejkr rk}{aikr*

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\abnejainwabnòj7 ’Okjpn|a iikja `k ackbpe‟* Kr ia {pninwabnòj `ki vkjraonkjpe alrp|abpe e `k |awejkr iòhnbar ~

a`onrnlikr a ier saie|kr b{ip{|aikr ~ rebnaikr `ki oeokjpe va|a g{rpncnba| rkjpnonkjper) vkjraonkjper e bej`{bpar q{k rk|naj njabkvpalikr va|a ia noahkj `k rn ‟* Je r{kik

bejrn`k|a|rk {ja `kckjra ve|q{k je sa kj bejp|a `k ia rapnrcabbnòj v{irnejai rnje q{k snkjk a `nrno{ia| ier kikokjper `ki bejcinbpe* 

Ki r{gkpe njpkjpa `a| {ja k}vinbabnòj iòhnbaokjpk bemk|kjpk ~ abkvpalik `kr`k ki v{jpe `k snrpa oe|ai rel|k {ja abpnp{` ) n`ka e rkjpnonkjpe b{~er oepnser sk|`a`k|er `krbejebk*  Ala|ba `kr`k |abnejainwabnejkr je|oaikr marpa `kin|ner* Ier a|h{okjper v{k`kj rk|  oe|aikr) veiïpnber )|kinhnerer) kpb*. ~ rej kq{nva|alikr a ia |abnejainwabnòj rkb{j`a|na*

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Ava|kbkj iïjkar |kbpar) nj`nba`e| `k |nhn`kw*

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Njpkikbp{ainwabnòj7 ’Ki ~e njpkjpa bejp|eia| iar v{irnejkr arebnáj`eiar a n`kar q{k v{k`k

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oajkga| bejbnkjpkokjpk* Kr v|krkjpa| ier v|elikoar kj pî|onjer oar hkjk|aikr ~ |abnejaikr q{k vk|rejaikr ~ koebnejaikr Ma~ {ja `krsnabnòj `k ia kjk|hïa `ki b{k|ve a ia balkwa* Ma~ îjcarnr kj ier `nl{ger `k balkwar) pkbmer) bevar `k á|leikr.*

@krviawaonkjpe7 rk v|e~kbpa ai k}pk|ne| ~ i{khe rk `krsïa a {j elgkpe ikgaje* -Pïvnbe kj

iar celnar.  Ava|kbkj kj ier `nl{ger v|krkjbna `k abeovañajpkr) oarbepar) elgkper kpb* Ve| kgkovie kj ia caonina Dnjîpnba* @nl{ger o{~ a`e|ja`er vk|e `nck|kjpkr ai `k ia mnrpk|na* Ba|ha`er bej o{bmer kikokjper*

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Ier |kiaper mabkj |kck|kjbna ai c{p{|e v|ò}noe k njonjkjpk) vk|e snsn`e beoe baparp|òcnbe* Ki r{gkpe be||k `k i{ha| ia rnp{abnòj `k bejcinbpe) beoe bejrkb{kjbna ava|kbkj cnh{|ar mkbmar |ávn`aokjpk) `nl{ger `k ba|ar beovikpar* Reol|k|er) larpejkr) vnvar) c{jbnejaj beoe abeovañajpkr* Anriaonkjpe7 Rkva|abnòj kjp|k n`kar* Ier krvabner rej

beova|pnokjpa`er -celnar) elrkrnser. Lkj`k|7 iar cnh{|ar ava|kbkj rkva|a`ar {ja ve| {ja* Bara7 ava|kbkj |kce|wa`er ier kikokjper `k bnk||k -bk||a`{|ar) iïjkar q{k b|{waj.* Ier pkbmer `nl{ga`er kj ce|oa `k pkgar mkbmar {ja ve| {ja* Kovike `k |kb{|rer h|ácnber q{k vk|onpkj oajpkjk| ia rkva|abnòj kjp|k iar n`kar ~ iar koebnejkr a kiiar inha`ar*

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Kovike `k |kb{|rer h|ácnber q{k vk|onpkj oajpkjk|  ia rkva|abnòj kjp|k iar n`kar ~ iar koebnejkr a kiiar inha`ar* Palnbaonkjpe `ki krvabne) balkiie barq{kpk4 bara7 v|keb{vabnòj ve| ier kikokjper `k bnk||k) oa|ba`e `k pkgar) b{a`|ïb{ia*

Ce|oabnòj \kabpnsa7 H|ácnber e|`kja`er) okpnb{ierer)

`kpaiinrpar) novkbalikr* \kb{|rer h|ácnber q{k njpkjpaj `koerp|a| ier arvkbper lej`a`erer) e|`kja`er) `nrbnvinja`er) inovner) va|a eb{ipa| iar oebnejkr v{irnejaikr ah|krnsar ~ k}viernsar `ki r{gkpe* V|ksaikbk ia abpnp{` `k ieh|a| h|ácnber e|`kja`er) okpnb{ierer* 

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Aj{iabnòj7 Ma~ {ja {pninwabnòj k}bkrnsa `k ia

heoa `k le||a| e njpkjpa okge|a|ie* Ava|kbkj `nl{ger r{vk|v{krper* Reol|ka`er kj pe`e ki `nl{ge) o{~ inha`e a ier krpa`er `k ajh{rpna `ki r{gkpe* Rn ma~ {j v|nsnikhne `ki á|ka `k iar cajparïar7 p|awe cnjnpe) h|nkpar* Rn ma~ {j v|nsnikhne `ki bejp|ei |abnejai7 ki p|awe rk `klninpa oár a÷j* B{aj`e ia cajparïa rk krbava `ki bejp|ei -rno{iabnejkr/ `kin|ner. Ki p|awe cnje `kga l|kbmar bej ki o{j`e k}pk|ne|*

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Bia|a `nck|kjbnabnòj kjp|k cnh{|a  ‒ cej`e) l{kja `kinonpabnòj `ki h|ácnbe |krvkbpe `k ia mega*  A`kb{a`a njpkh|abnòj `k iar va|pkr* Rk oajncnkrpa a p|asîr `k |kb{|rer b{~a cnjain`a` kr eb{ipa| ia k}nrpkjbna `k ia barp|abnòj7 `nl{ger `k cnh{|ar m{oajar `k krvai`ar) ba|nbap{|ar) cnh{|ar `kracnajpkr) aov{iern`a` kj iar skrpnokjpar) a`e|jer) k}mnlnbnejnroe novabpajpk -`krj{`er) o{krp|a `k abpe rk}{ai) kpb*.) eger bk||a`er*

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@krokjpn`a e \kjkhabnòj7 B{a`|e

vrnbevapeiòhnbe * Vrnbevapïar ~ vk|sk|rnejkr* Kj ier h|ácnber ma~ `nck|kjbnabnòj cnh{|a cej`e* Ma~ {ja |kiapnsa a`kb{abnòj* Ie `kinonpa `kjp|e `k ia mega* Iar va|pkr rk maiiaj njpkh|a`ar* Iar cnh{|ar ava|kbkj `krj{`ar) rej n`îjpnbar* Je ma~ `nck|kjbnabnòj rk}{ai* Kj ier h|ácnber ava|kbkj7 ajh{iern`a` kj iar skrpnokjpar) cnh{|ar `kracnajpkr) `krj{`ar* Rk k}mnlkj a skbkr `k krvai`a* Kr ki ÷jnbe b{a`|e vrnbevapeiòhnbe q{k ava|kbk `k krpk oe`e* Ba|nbap{|ar `k b{k|ve kjpk|e e `k ba|ar* Vk|rejar q{k mabkj k}bkrnse oesnonkjpe* Krpáj laniaj`e) mabnkj`e hnojarna) kpb*

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Ki îjcarnr krpá v{krpe kj ia va|pk r{vk|ne| `ki b{k|ve) o{rb{iap{|a) cnh{|ar pnve krpap{a) |ïhn`ar* Rk vejk kj  g{khe ki pkoa `k ia n`kjpn`a`* Ia {pninwabnòj `ki ia`e nwq{nk|`e `k ia mega mabk |kck|kjbna a arvkbper oár `kvkj`nkjpkr) |kh|krnser Kj krper b{a`|er ier `nl{ger rk maiiaj seiba`er mabna ia `k|kbma* Rk |kiabnejaj bej iar vk|rejain`a`kr oár abp{a`e|ar*  Ava|kbkj barar pnve cabma`ar) `nl{ger `k ia va|pk `k ac{k|a) sk|k`ar* Oaq{niiagkr) `nrc|abkr* -Vk|rejain`a`kr beoe rï) caire rkic.* Ia cajparïa rk `nrva|a) ia v|e`{bbnòj okjpai rk `krle|`a -Lk|hk|kp.* Onb|ep|a{oapnroer) mabkj |kck|kjbna a {j ~e `îlni*

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R{kikj pkjk| elgkper `k saie| kj iar oajer va|a kjp|khá|rkie ai njpk|ieb{pe| -\kck|kjbna a {j ~e eojnvepkjpk) h|aj`nere) q{k abp÷a beoe sïjb{ie `k rerpîj. Ki ikjh{agk rk oajncnkrpa a p|asîr `ki {re `k ia l{|ia) n|ejïa* Pe`er rej mkbmer ki ’mabk|‟ krpá

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o{~ kjcapnwa`e* Ma~ `nrb|kvajbnar kjp|k ie h|ácnbe ~ ie sk|lai*  Á|lei7 {j bejpnj{e) |aïbkr k}v{krpar) p|ejbe `îlni) beva kj ce|oa `k kjseip{|a* Ki ikjh{agk h|ácnbe `k abbnòj rk oajncnkrpa kj `nl{ger ve| kgkovie `k apa÷`kr) `ej`k je ma~ bavabn`a` rnolòinba*

@KRKRPNOA E \KC[PABNÒJ @K IA \KAIN@A@ BEOE @KCKJRA V\KSAIKJPK 

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\kb{|rer h|ácnber bej bia|a `krbejk}nòj bej ia |kain`a`) b|kabnòj `k j{ksar |kain`a`kr ~ `krnjpkh|abnòj vrïq{nba* Vî|`n`a `k ia hkrpaip) oaia njpkh|abnòj `k iar va|pkr `k ia cnh{|a) iïonpkr saher bej nov|kbnra rkva|abnòj kjp|k cnh{|a  ‒ cej`e*

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Cnh{|ar c|ahokjpa`ar*

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Caiier kj ia vk|rvkbpnsa  ‒ p|ajrva|kjbna*

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Oejnhepkr* Vk|rejagkr abe|awa`er  ‒ njs{ijk|alikr*

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Iikja| ia mega bej ’va|pkr‟ `k elgkper e cnh{|ar `kra|pnb{ia`ar*

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 Á|lei `nrebna`e*

Bara barpniie*

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@krkrpnoabnòj e \kv{`ne `k ia \kain`a`7

P|arpe|jer H|askr `k vk|rejain`a`/ Vrnbernr Ki sïjb{ie bej ia |kain`a` krpa aipk|a`e) ma~ bejc{rnejkr `k cnh{|a ~ cej`e* Iar va|pkr je krpáj njpkh|a`ar*  Ava|kbkj ba|ar alnk|par* Je ma~ iïjkar `k lark -vk|`n`a `k bejpabpe bej ia |kain`a`.4 q{k`aj l|kbmar) c|ahokjpabnejkr o{~ ba|abpk|ïrpnber kj vrnbòpnber* B{aj`e ier r{gkper rk maiiaj o{~ `kpk|ne|a`er) ava|kbkj `nl{ger `k barar kj |{njar) rnj pkbmer) c|ahokjpabnejkr `ki b{k|ve `nrvk|rer ve| pe`a ia mega*

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Ia vk|reja rk v|nonpnsnwa) `krsnpainwa* Vnk|`k peje) ava|kbkj p|ajrva|kjbnar Oajïa7 Ki ~e hewa `k eojnvepkjbna*

P|awe k}{ipajpk* Pe`e k}v{krpe* Rk k}mnlk* Cnh{|ar `krj{`ar -lnwa||ar.* Vk|rejar njbeovikpar) sabïar) |kh|krnsar* Iar cnh{|ar m{oajar ava|kbkj kj oesnonkjpe bejpnj{e* V{k`k marpa va|kbk| bejc{re ki `nl{ge* Kj ia bej`{bpa `krnjmnlnbnòj) k}bnpabnòj vrnbeoep|nw*

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Okiajbeiïa7 -^e novepkjpk) R ^E rá`nbe.

Iar cnh{|ar m{oajar) ava|kbkj rnj ba|ar rk `krmniabmaj rk saj vk|`nkj`e* L|kbmar rnj iïonpkr) vk|`n`a `ki peje snpai) p|awe cnjnpe) pkolie|ere) novk|bkvpnlik* Á|lei7 rnj megar) {j bejpnj{e) `ej`k je ma~ `nck|kjbnabnòj ~e/ je ~e* K}v|krnejkr `k |erp|er beoe `kv|non`er) `krsnpainwa`er* Je ma~ b{k|ve*

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Jk{|òpnber7 Ve| pkjk| {j `kra||eiie beovikpe

`k ia vk|rejain`a` ~ bavabn`a` `k rnoleinwabnòj) ier h|ácnber `k krper rk abk|baj larpajpk a ie bejskjbnejai* Ia caiia kj ia v|e`{bbnòj `k ier onroer rk maiiaj kj |kiabnòj ai bejcinbpe* \kv|krkjpaj cnh{|ar skrpn`ar* J{jba ava|kbkj `krj{`ar* Ve|q{k krpá evk|aj`e ia |kv|krnòj ~ ia njbe|ve|abnòj `k iar je|oar ~ va{par rebnaikr njpk|jainwa`ar* Oajpnkjkj {ja bemk|kjbna a ie ia|he `k pe`ar iar pîbjnbar*

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Jk{|ernr Mnrpî|nba7

@nl{ger `k jnñar ~ rnj o{bmer `kpaiikr* Vnk|jar bk||a`ar*  A skbkr bnjp{|ejkr e kj bejp|avernbnòj ava|kbkj cnh{|ar o{~ a||khia`ar) oa|bar kj iar wejar hkjnpaikr e kj ier vkbmer* Veiik|ar palika`ar) leirniier* Hkjk|aiokjpk balkwar reiar* Ksnpaj ia weja `ki bejcinbpe* Rel|k pe`e ki b{k|ve* Cnh{|ar `k vaiepkr*

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Jk{|ernr Còlnba7 Cnh{|ar `k c|kjpk e `k vk|cni -o{~ pkjrar.*

L|awer ikger `ki b{k|ve e `ki bejpabpe bej ier `koár* Eger7 On|a`a apkjpa* K}v|krnejkr bej ba|a `k onk`e* On|a`ar c{k|pkr `k krpa|  aik|pa ~ ai onroe pnkove `k ajh{rpna*

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Jk{|ernr Elrkrnsa7

`nl{ger o{~ skrpn`er) o{bmer `kpaiikr ~ o{~ |kvara`er* Ba|pk|ar p|agk) be|lapar* Balkwar bmnq{npar) vk|e a ia skw ba|a `nl{ga`ar* Oa|bar a||{har) ba|ar o{~ rkñaia`ar* H|aj abpnsn`a` kj pe`e ie q{k kr ia balkwa ~ ia k}v|krnòj cabnai* Kj ier Jk{|òpnber kr krvk|alik q{k ier h|ácnber ava|kwbaj rnj oesnonkjpe* Rnkov|k krpápnber* Cnh{|ar kj abbnòj7 nj`nbaj pkj`kjbnar ai abpnje* Njbi{re kj iar va|kgar al|awa`ar*

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Vrnbernr7 @nrh|khabnòj) aipk|abnejkr kj

pe`a ia vk|rejain`a` o{~ rksk|a) aipk|abnejkr paolnîj kj ia bej`{bpa* 

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V|epebeier baòpnber) c|ahokjpa`er `kre|`kja`er*

Iar iïjkar |kvara`ar q{k rk |kiabnejaj bej ia ajh{rpna ki `krle|`k ~ ia caipa `k bejp|ei oepe|) q{k rej ba|abpk|ïrpnber `ki `kpk|ne|e*

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B{aj`e rk ma njrpaia`e ki `kin|ne v|epebeier

|ïhn`er ~ vel|kr e|`kja`er krpápnber* B{aj`e `nl{gaj iar cnh{|ar beovikpar vnk|`k ia iïjka `k bejpnj{n`a` kg7 A skbkr `nl{gaj balkwar reiar) `k ce|oa sabïa) `krsnpainwa`ar) p|ajrva|kjbnar* Eger |koa|ba`er ~ eï`er -beoe kikokjper `k aik|pa. rel|k pe`e ai beonkjwe `k ia kjck|ok`a`* Je ma~ v|keb{vabnòj ve| ia skrpnokjpa* Mnrpe|nar `krsnpainwa`ar) alrp|abpar*

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Okiajbòinbe7 \kpnbkjpk a pe`e a pe`e pnve

`k abpnsn`a`* Je ik nove|pa v|e`{bn| lnkj rk q{kga ve| ie q{k rk ik vn`k* Iïjkar pkj{kr cnh{|ar njbeovikpar* Rej ikjper `kgaj `k p|alaga|* Iar cnh{|ar je rk `nck|kjbnaj rk}{aiokjpk* V{k`kj krpa|  skrpn`ar e `krskrpn`ar*

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Rnq{nk| `k Ebaove) O*I* ~ Ha|bïa A|wkje) O*K* Iar pîbjnbar v|e~kbpnsar ~ ki v|ebkre vrnbe`nahjòrpnbe* K`np* J{ksa Snrnòj* Lr* Ar* 1>>8* Bav* SNNN* Váh*