Defensa Bioquimica

 

 

Ibstituth \f`bhcðgi`h lf @oibî  

AI\HZN\HCHGIN Ibgfbifrín fb Ngrhbhmín LFAFBPNP DIH^VIMI@N LF CN ZCNB\N

7DN  Lh`fbtf; Ibg.5 KHPF NCGFC CNQNCCF QNCCNLNTFP

 Ncumbh; Arfly H. @n`o Ou`oim

 

Lfafbsn mftndðci`n (dihquími`n) • Fb `unbth n cns

`nrn`tfrísti`ns fstru`turncfs lf cns

pcnbtns, lf lfafbsn quf fc ntnquf lfchs chsgrnlhs pntðgfbhs, `nln vfz sf prfsfbtn on`f mîs`hbtrn fvilfbtf quf cn rfsistfb`in lf ubn pcnbtn nc ntnquf lf ub pntðgfbh bh fstridn tnbth fb cns dnrrfrns fstru`turncfs sibh fb cns sustnb`ins quf prhlu`fb sus `écucns nbtfs h lfspués lf ondfr prhlu`ilh cn ibaf``iðb.

 

Lfafbsn dihquími`n prffxistfbtf • Iboidilhrfs cidfrnlhs phr cns pcnbtns fb su nmdifbtf • mflih Zhr ch gfbfrnc, cns pcnbtns fxulnb ubn grnb vnriflnl lf sustnb`ins n trnvés lf cn supfrai`if lf sus rní`fs y lf lf sus lfmîs ðrgnbhs nérfhs. Pib fmdnrgh, ncgubhs lf chs `hmpufsths quf cidfrnb `ifrths tiphs lf pcnbtns, nc pnrf`fr tifbfb ubn aub`iðb iboidithrin nbtf fc ntnquf lf `ifrths pntðgfbhs.

 

•   Chs fxulnlhs aubgitðxi`hs lf cns ohkns lf ncgubns pcnbtns, `hmh fs fc `nsh lfc thmntf y cn rfmhcn`on nzu`nrfrn, sf fb`ufbtrnb fb ubn `hb`fbtrn`iðb suai`ifbtf pnrn iboidir cn gfrmibn`iðb lf cns fsphrns lf chs ohbghs Dhtryós ohbghs Dhtryós y @fr`hsphrn. @fr`hsphrn. •  Nsimismh, fb fc `nsh lfc `nrdðb lf cn `fdhccn, h`nsihbnlh phr fc ohbgh @hccfthtri`owb `ir`ibnbs, cns vnriflnlfs rfsistfbtfs tifbfb fb gfbfrnc fs`nmns rhkns y `hbtifbfb, npnrtf lf chs pigmfbths rhkhs, chs `hmpufsths afbðci`hs î`ilh prhth`ntéqui`h y `ntf`hc.

 

Lfafbsn lfdiln n cn anctn lf an`thrfs fsfb`incfs •  Anctn lf rf`hbh`imifbth rf`hbh`imifbth fbtrf fc ohspflnbtf ohspflnbtf y fc  pntðgfbh Fs phsidcf quf cns pcnbtns lf ubn lftfrmibnln fspf`if h vnriflnl bh sfnb ibaf`tnlns phr ub pntðgfbh si cns `écucns lf su supfrai`if `nrf`fb lf an`thrfs lf fspf`íai`ns) rf`hbh`imifbth (mhcé`ucns h fstru`turns quf fspf`íai`hs shb rf`hbh`ilhs phr fc pntðgfbh. • Pi fstf ûctimh bh rf`hbh`f n cns pcnbtns `hmh ubh lf sus ohspflnbtfs, fs phsidcf quf bh sf aikf n cn pcnbtn h quf bh prhluz`n sustnb`ins ibaf``ihsns.

 

•  Anctn lf rf`fpthrfs sfbsidcfs lfc ohspflnbtf pnrn cns thxibns lfc pntðgfbh

•  Fb cns `hmdibn`ihbfs ohspflnbtf-pntðgfbh fb cns quf fc pntðgfbh prhlu`f ubn thxibn fspf`íai`n lfc ohspflnbtf, sf pifbsn quf cn thxibn fs cn `nusn lf chs síbthmns lf fstf ûctimh yn quf `unblh sf nloifrf rfn``ihbn `hb chs rf`fpthrfss sfbsidcfs fspf`íai`hs lf cn `écucn. rf`fpthrf • Pðch cns pcnbtns quf tfbgnb li`ohs rf`fpthrfs sfbsidcfs sf fbafrmnrîb. fbafrmnrî b. Cns pcnbtns lf htrns vnriflnlfs h fspf`ifs quf `nrfz`nb lf li`ohs rf`fpthrfs pfrmnbf`frîb rfsistfbtfs n cn thxibn y bh lfsnrrhccnrîb síbthmns.

 

Anctn lf butrifbtfs fsfb`incfs pnrn fc pntðgfbh. • Cns fspf`ifs h vnriflnlfs lf pcnbtns quf phr ncgubn rnzðb bh prhlu`fb ncgubn lf cns sustnb`ins fsfb`incfs pnrn cn supfrvivfb`in lf ub pnrîsith hdcignlh h pnrn fc lfsnrrhcch lf cn ibaf``iðb `nusnln phr ncgûb pnrîsith lnlh, sfrínb rfsistfbtfs nc pntðgfbh yn quf bf`fsitnrín lf fsn sustnb`in.

 

Iboidilhrfs prfsfbtfs fb cns `écucns vfgftncfs nbtfs lf cn ibaf``iðb

• Bh sf sndf `hb `frtfzn si `uncquifr pcnbtn fs rfsistfbtf h bh cns fbafrmflnlfs sðch phrquf fxistf ub n`hmpufsth iboidilhr nbtfs lf fb qufsus sf`écucns prhluz`n cn ibaf``iðb. •  Qnrihs `hmpufsths afbðci`hs y tnbibhs, fxistfbtfs fb nctns `hb`fbtrn`ihbfs fb cns lf cnslfohkns aruths  kðvfbfs lftfrmibnmlh cn `écucns rfsistfb`in chs htfkilhs  kðvfbfs n chs mi`rhhrgnbismhs pntðgfbhs `hmh Dhtrytis. `hmh  Dhtrytis.

 

• Htrhs tiphs lf `hmpufsths prfahrmnlhs, `hmh phr fkfmpch cns snphbibns thmntibn fb fc thmntf y cn nvfbn`ibn fb cns nvfbns, tifbfb n`tivilnl nbtiaûbgi`n, pfrh sf lfs`hbh`f su `hbtridu`iðb fb cn rfsistfb`in lf sus ohspflnbtfs `hbtrn chs ohbghs pntðgfbhs. •  Nlfmîs lf chs `hmpufsths nbtiaûbgi`hs lf mhcé`ucn simpcf, mfb`ihbnlhs nbtfrihrmfbtf, sf on lnlh n `hbh`fr quf vnrins prhtfíbns aub`ihbnb `hmh iboidilhrfs lf cns fbzimns oilrhcíti`ns lf chs pntðgfbhs quf ibtfrvifbfb fb cn lfgrnln`iðb lfgrnln`i ðb lf cn pnrfl `fcucnr lfc ohspflnbtf.

 

• Zhr htrn pnrtf, cns `écucns vfgftncfs tnmdiéb `hbtifbfb fbzimns oilrhcíti`ns, ncgubns lf cns `uncfs, `hmh cns gcu`nbnsns y cns quitibnsns, `nusnb cn lfgrnln`iðb lf chs `hmphbfbtfs lf cn pnrfl `fcucnr lfc pntðgfbh y, phr tnbth, `hbtriduyfb n cn rfsistfb`in n cn ibaf``iðb. • Zhr fb pcnbtns vns`ucnr, sf onfkfmpch, hdsfrvnlh n vf`fs quf quf suarfb h`urrf mnr`oitfz lfgrnln`iðb lf cns oians lfc ohbgh pntðgfbh.

 

Lfafbsn mftndðci`n iblu`iln phr fc ntnquf lf chs pntðgfbhs

• Iboidilhrfs dihquími`hs quf prhlu`fb cns pcnbtns fb rfspufstn n chs lnþhs h`nsihbnlhs phr fc pntðgfbh; • Cns `écucns y tfkilhs vfgftncfs rfsphblfb n chs lnþhs h`nsihbnlhs yn sfn phr chs pntðgfbhs, ngfbtfs mf`îbi`hs h quími`hs mflinbtf ubn sfrif lf rfn``ihbfs  dihquími`ns quf tifblfb n niscnr nc ngfbtf `nusnc y n snbnr cn zhbn naf`tnln. • Fsn rfn``iðb fstî rfcn`ihbnln `hb cn prhlu``iðb lf sustnb`ins aubgitðxi`ns fb thmh n cn zhbn lnþnln y n cn ahrmn`iðb lf `npns lf tfkilhs prhtf`thrfs `hmh chs `ncchs  y fc `hr`oh.

 

•  Ncgubhs lf chs ngfbtfs quími`hs prhlu`ilhs lf fsn ahrmn sf onccnb fb `hb`fbtrn`ihbfs ch dnstnbtf nctns `hmh pnrn iboidir fc lfsnrrhcch lf cn mnyhrín lf chs ohbghs pcnbtn. y dn`tfrins quf shb ib`npn`fs lf ibaf`tnr n cn • Li`ohs ngfbtfs ib`cuyfb n cn mnyhrín lf chs `hmpufsths afbðci`hs tncfs `hmh chs hxiln`iðb î`ilhs `chrhgébi`hs `naéi`hs, n chs prhlu`ths lf cn lf chs y`hmpufsths afbðci`hs y n cns aithncfxibns, quf fb su mnyhrín tnmdiéb shb `hmpufsths afbðci`hs.

 

Lfafbsn phr mflih lf cn rfn``iðb lf oipfrsfbsidicilnl

• Cn rfn``iðb lf oipfrsfbsidicilnl fs ubh lf chs mf`nbismhs lf lfafbsn mîs imphrtnbtfs lf cns pcnbtns. Fsth h`urrf shcnmfbtf fb `hmdibn`ihbfs ib`hmpntidcfs fbtrf pcnbtns ohspflnbtfs y pntðgfbhs `hmh ohbghs, dn`tfrins, virus y bfmnthlhs. • Fb cns fbafrmflnlfs fbafrmflnlfs virncfs, cn rfn``iðb lf oipfrsfbsidicilnl sifmprf ln `hmh rfsuctnlh cn ahrmn`iðb lf cns ccnmnlns cfsihbfs ch`ncfs, fb cns `uncfs fc virus phlrín shdrfvivir phr ub tifmph `hbsilfrndcf, pfrh gfbfrncmfbtf, fstî fb `hb`fbtrn`ihbfs muy dnkns y su lisfmibn`iðb, mîs nccî lf cn cfsiðb, sf lftifbf.

 

Lfafbsn lfdiln n ubn mnyhr `hb`fbtrn`iðb lf `hmpufsths afbðci`hs

•  Ncgubhs lf chs afbhcfs rfcn`ihbnlhs `hb cn rfsistfb`in n cns fbafrmflnlfs sf fb`ufbtrnb prhausnmfbtf fb cns pcnbtns yn sfn snbns h fbafrmns, pfrh su síbtfsis h n`umucn`iðb nc pnrf`fr numfbtn lfspués lf ondfrsf prhlu`ilh cn ibaf``iðb. •  N fsths `hmpufsths sf cfs puflf lfbhmibnr `hmpufsths afbðci`hs "`hmubfs". Pib fmdnrgh, ncgubhs htrhs afbhcfs bh chs prhlu`fb cns pcnbtns snbns, fx`fpth `unblh shb fstimucnlns phr ncgûb pntðgfbh h phr fc lnþh h`nsihbnlh phr ub ngfbtf quími`h h mf`îbi`h. N fsths `hmpufsths sf cfs `hbh`f `hmh aithncfxibns.

 

• @hmpufsths afbðci`hs "`hmubfs" • @hb arf`ufb`in sf on hdsfrvnlh quf `ifrths `hmpufsths afbðci`hs "`hmubfs" quf shb tðxi`hs pnrn chs pntðgfbhs, sf prhlu`fb y n`umucnb n ub ritmh mu`oh mnyhr lfspués lf ondfrsf prhlu`ilh ubn ibaf``iðb fb ubn  vnriflnl rfsistfbtf quf fb ubn ubn sus`fptidcf. •  Ncgubhs fkfmpchs lf fshs `hmpufsths shb fc î`ilh `chrhgébi`h, fc î`ilh `naéi`h y fs`hphcftibn, f s`hphcftibn, ft`.

 

• Aíthncfxibns. •   Cns aithncfxibns shb sustnb`ins tðxi`ns quf cns pcnbtns prhlu`fb fb `nbtilnlfs nprf`indcfs sðch lfspués lf ondfr silh fstimucnlns phr chs liafrfbtfs tiphs lf mi`rhhrgnbismhs aithpntðgfbhs, h difb lfspués lf ondfr suarilh lnþhs `nusnlhs phr ngfbtfs quími`hs h mf`îbi`hs.

 

Afbhcfs afbðci`hsaubgitðxi`hs bh tðxi`hs quf sf cidfrnb n pnrtir lf `hmpcfkhs

• Mu`ons pcnbtns `hbtifbfb gcu`ðsilhs bh tðxi`hs, fs lf`ir, `hmpufsths quf `hbsistfb ubmhcé`ucn nzû`nr (`hmh cn gcu`hsn) quf `hb arf`ufb`in sf ubf nfb htrn afbðci`hs. • Pf sndf quf vnrihs ohbghs y dn`tfrins prhlu`fb h cidfrnb lf chs tfkilhs lf cns pcnbtns ubn fbzimn (cn gcu`hsilnsn) quf oilrhcizn n mhcé`ucns afbðci`ns `hmpcfkns y cidfrn nc `hmpufsth afbðci`h lfc `hmpcfkh. •  Ncgubhs lf fshs `hmpufsths afbðci`hs fkfr`fb ubn grnb thxi`ilnl shdrf fc pntðgfbh y nc pnrf`fr tifbfb ubn imphrtnbtf aub`iðb fb cn lfafbsn lf cns pcnbtns `hbtrn cns ibaf``ihbfs.

 

Aub`iðb lf cns fbzimns quf hxilnb nc afbhc fb cn rfsistfb`in n cns fbafrmflnlfs • Cn n`tivilnl lf cn mnyhrín lf cns fbzimns quf hxilnb nc afbhc `nsi sifmprf fs mnyhr tfkilhs(phciafbhchxilnsns) ibaf`tnlhs lf cns vnriflnlfs rfsistfbtfs quffb fb chs chs lf cns pcnbtns sus`fptidcfs quf onb silh ibaf`tnlns h fb cns pcnbtns snbns bh ibaf`tnlns. imphrtnb`in lf fbafrmflnlfs cn n`tivilnl lfprhdndcfmfbtf cn phciafbhchxilnsn fb • Cn cn rfsistfb`in n cns sf lfdf n su prhpiflnl lf hxilnr chs `hmpufsths afbðci`hs onstn quibhbns, cns `uncfs `hb arf`ufb`in shb mu`oh mns tðxi`ns n chs mi`rhhrgnbismhs quf chs afbhcfs hrigibncfs.