Decision-Making Practice Quastions

 

Lk`jsjad-gmejdb- ^rm`tj`k qukstjads  Kxmgpck = 

MH@ Ctl gmduim`turks spk`jmc purpask bmubks ta `ustagkrs‚ spk`jij`mtjads. \ok ojbocy-sejcckl cmhaur iar`k js mcwmys warejdb ta iucc `mpm`jty mdl tok hulbkt iar tok dkxt ykmr js ms iaccaws6  $  $  Pmcks  Ljrk`t gmtkrjmcs  Ljrk`t wmbks (0,8>> oaurs N $;)  Ijxkl avkrokml  ^raijt 

>>  =9,>>>  =>,>>> 

,>>>  0>,>>>  =>,>>> 

Md kdqujry js rk`kjvkl irag _Z Ctl iar m bmubk woj`o waucl usk $9> ai ljrk`t gmtkrjmcs mdl cmhaur oaurs.   Xkqujrkl6  

(m)  (h) 

Romt js tok gjdjgug prj`k ta quatk ta _Z Ctl1   Raucl tok gjdjgug prj`k hk ljiikrkdt ji spmrk `mpm`jty wms mvmjcmhck hut gmtkrjmcs wkrk suhfk`t ta m quatm ai $>> pkr ykmr1  

Pacutjad6 

(m) 

\ok cjgjtjdb im`tar js 0,8>> oaurs mdl tok hulbktkl `adtrjhutjad pkr oaur js $8>,>>> ò 0,8>> oaurs 7 $9.8; oaur. Gjdjgug prj`k js tokrkiark6   $  Gmtkrjmcs   9>  Rmbks ( oaurs N $;)  8>>  89>  Mll6 @adtrjhutjad ( oaurs N $9.8;)   8;>  @adtrm`t prj`k  ;=>  Mt tok mhavk prj`k tok `adtrm`t wjcc gmjdtmjd tok hulbktkl `adtrjhutjad (`ok`e  hy `mc`ucmtjdb kiik`t ai lkvatjdb lkv atjdb tok woack 0,8>> oa oaurs urs ta _Z Ctl).   Datk, oawkvkr, oa wkvkr, tomt tok hulbkt prahmhcy rkprkskdts m gjxturk gjx turk ai a i arlkrs, sagk ai woj`o kmrd gark tomd $9.8; pkr oaur mdl sagk ckss. M``kptmd`k ai tok _Z arlkr gust ljspcm`k atokr `adtrm`ts, sa tok `adtrjhutjad rmtk ai `adtrm`ts ljspcm`kl soaucl hk `ok`ekl.  

(h) 

Ji tok cjgjtjdb im`tar js gmtkrjmcs, hulbktkl `adtrjhutjad pkr $ ai gmtkrjmcs js $8>,>>> ò >> 7 $;.  Gjdjgug prj`k js tokrkiark6   Gmtkrjmcs mdl wmbks (ms mhavk)  

$  89> 

@adtrjhutjad ($9> x ;)  @adtrm`t prj`k 

0>>  ;9> 

 

  Hk`musk gmtkrjmcs mrk s`mr`k, all-fahs gust mjg ta kmrd tok gmxjgug praijt irag jts cjgjtkl suppcy.  Kxmgpck 8  HH imsojad stark `agprjsks `a gprjsks torkk lkpmrtgkdt lkpm rtgkdt ‐ Gkd‚s Rkmr, Rkmr, Cmljks‚ Rkmr Rkmr mdl [djskx. [djskx . \ok stark hulbkt js ms iaccaws6  Gkd‚s  Cmljks‚  [djskx  \atmc  $  $  $  $  Pmcks  ,>>>  9>,>>>  8>,>>>  =8>,>>>  Ljrk`t `ast ai smcks  Lkpmrtgkdt `asts  Mppartjadkl stark `asts   ^raijt/(cass)  

8>,>>>  ;,>>>  ;,>>>  =>,>>> 

09,>>>  =>,>>>  ;,>>>  :,>>> 

=;,>>>  0,>>>  ;,>>>  (0,>>>) 

2=,>>>  =?,>>>  =;,>>>  =9,>>> 

Jt js subbkstkl tomt [djskx hk `caskl ta jd`rkmsk tok sjzk ai Gkd‚s mdl Cmljks‚ Rkmr. Romt jdiargmtjad js rkckvmdt ar rkqujrkl1   Pacutjad6 

^assjhck mdswkrs mrk ms iaccaws6   (m)  [djskx kmrds $8,>>> dkt `adtrjhutjad (stark `asts wjcc hk rk-mppartjadkl ta Gkd‚s/Cmljks‚).   (h)  ^assjhck jd`rkmsk jd Gkd‚s/Cmljks‚ smcks vacugk.   (`)  Rjcc [djskx stmii hk ljsgjsskl ar trmdsikrrkl ta Gkd‚s/Cmljks‚1  (l)  Xkarbmdjzmtjad `asts, k.b. rkpmrtjtjadjdb, sta`e ljspasmc.   (k)  Cass ai `ustag hk`musk [djskx mttrm`ts `krtmjd typks ai `ustagkr woa wjcc dat  huy jd Gkd‚s/Cmljks.   Kxmgpck 0  @@ Ctl gmeks iaur `agpadkdts, R, _, Z mdl V iar woj`o `asts jd tok iarto`agjdb ykmr mrk kxpk`tkl ta hk ms iaccaws.  R  _  Z  V  ^ralu`tjad (udjts)  =,>>>  8,>>>  >>  0,>>> 

[djt `asts Ljrk`tgmrbjdmc gmtkrjmcs     Ljrk`t cmhaur   Ymrjmhck pralu`tjad pral u`tjad avkrokmls avkro kmls 

$ >>  9,>>>  ?,>>>  0>,>>>  ;>,>>> 

 

M suh-`adtrm`tar oms aiikrkl ta suppcy udjts ai R, _, Z mdl V iar $=8, $8=, $=> mdl $=< rkspk`tjvkcy. Poaucl @@ Ctl gmek ar huy tok `agpadkdts1   Pacutjad6 

(m) 

\ok rkckvmdt `asts mrk tok ljiikrkdtjmc `asts hktwkkd gmejdb mdl huyjdb, mdl toky `adsjst ai ljiikrkd`ks jd udjt vmrjmhck `asts pcus ljiikrkd`ks jd ljrk`tcy mttrjhutmhck ijxkl `asts. Puh`adtrm`tjdb wjcc rksuct jd sagk ijxkl `ast smvjdbs.  R  _  Z  V  $  $  $  $  [djt vmrjmhck `ast ai =  =>  $ 

8,>>>  $ 

>>  $ 

0,>>>  $ 

(8,>>>) 

?,>>> 

=8,>>> 

9,>>> 

(=,>>>) 

(;,>>>) 

(9,>>>) 

(?,>>>) 

(0,>>>) 

0,>>> 

9,>>> 

(8,>>>) 

\ok `agpmdy waucl smvk $0,>>> pm hy suh-`adtrm`tjdb `agpadkdt R (wokrk tok pur`omsk `ast waucl hk ckss tomd tok gmrbjdmc `ast pkr udjt ta gmek jdtkrdmccy) mdl waucl smvk $8,>>> pm hy suh`adtrm`tjdb `agpadkdt V (hk`musk ai tok smvjdb jd ijxkl `asts ai $?,>>>).   Jd tojs kxmgpck, rkckvmdt `asts mrk tok vmrjmhck `asts ai jd-oausk gmduim`turk, tok vmrjmhck `asts ai suh-`adtrm`tkl udjts, mdl tok smvjdb jd ijxkl `asts.   Iurtokr `adsjlkrmtjads  (j)  Ji `agpadkdts R mdl V mrk suh-`adtrm`tkl, tok `agpmdy `agpm dy wjcc omvk spmrk

(jj)  (jjj)  (jv) 

`mpm`jty. Oaw soaucl spmrk `mpm`jty hk praijtmhcy uskl1Raucl Mrk tokrk ojllkd hkdkijts ta hktomtahtmjdkl irag suh-`adtrm`tjdb1 tok `agpmdy's wareiar`k rkskdt tok cass ai ware ta md autsjlk suh`adtrm`tar, mdl gjbot su`o m lk`jsjad `musk md jdlustrjmc ljsputk1   Raucl tok suh-`adtrm`tar hk rkcjmhck wjto lkcjvkry tjgks, mdl waucl ok suppcy `agpadkdts ai tok smgk qumcjty ms toask gmduim`turkl jdtkrdmccy1   Laks tok `agpmdy wjso ta hk ickxjhck mdl gmjdtmjd hkttkr `adtrac avkr apkrmtjads hy gmejdb kvkrytojdb jtskci1   Mrk tok kstjgmtks ai ijxkl `ast smvjdbs rkcjmhck1 Jd tok `msk ai ^ralu`t R, huyjdb js `ckmrcy `okmpkr tomd gmejdb jd-oausk. Jd tok `msk ai  pralu`t V, tok lk`jsjad ta huy rmtokr tomd gmek waucl adcy hk ijdmd`jmccy hkdkij`jmc ji jt js ikmsjhck tomt tok ijxkl `ast smvjdbs ai $?,>>> wjcc rkmccy hk 'lkcjvkrkl' hy gmdmbkgkdt. Mcc taa aitkd jd prm`tj`k,  pragjskl smvjdbs imjc ta gmtkrjmcjsk!  

 

 

Kxmgpck ,>>> mrk jd`urrkl up ta spcjt-aii pajdt, wokd =>>,>>> udjts ai Mcmso mdl ;>,>>> udjts ai ^attug mrk pralu`kl. \ok skccjdb  prj`ks mt spcjt-aii pajdt mrk mr k $=.8; pkr udjt iar Mcmso mdl $8.>> pkr udjt iar ^at ^attug. tug. 

\ok udjts ai Mcmso `aucl hk pra`ksskl iurtokr ta pralu`k 9>,>>> udjts ai m dkw `okgj`mc, Mcmsopcus, hut mt md kxtrm ijxkl `ast ai $8>,>>> mdl vmrjmhck `ast ai 0>` pkr udjt ai jdput. \ok skccjdb prj`k ai Mcmsopcus waucl hk $0.8; pkr udjt. Poaucl tok `agpmdy skcc Mcmso ar Mcmsopcus1  Pacutjad6 

\ok adcy rkckvmdt `asts/jd`agks mrk toask woj`o `agpmrk skccjdb Mcmso mbmjdst skccjdb Mcmsopcus. Kvkry atokr `ast js jrrkckvmdt6 toky wjcc hk jd`urrkl rkbmrlckss ai womt tok lk`jsjad js. 

Jt js $8>,>>> gark praijtmhck ta `advkrt Mcmso jdta Mcmsopcus.   ]ukstjad ;6  Gr. _, m gklj`mc prm`tjtjadkr daw spkdls n >> 2>>>> 8> 8?>>  =; eg. 88.;> 

Pk`adlomdl @mr 98>>>  =;>>> > :>> ? eg. 88.;> 

Gr. _ kstjgmtks =8.>>> eg. taur mddumccy. Roj`o ai tok torkk mctkrdmtjvks wjcc hk `okmpkr1 Ji ojs prm`tj`k kxpmdls mdl ok oms ta trmvkc =?,>>> eg. mddumccy, womt soaucl hk ojs lk`jsjad1  Pacutjad6