DE2_Library_Manual.pdf

ALTERA DE2 Function Library

Version 1.0

ALTERA DE2 DEVELOPMENT BOARD

DE2 Function Library Manual

Celoxica, the Celoxica logo and Handel-C are trademarks of Celoxica Limited. Altera, Quartus are trademarks and/or service marks of Altera Corp. All other products or services mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners. Developed by CF Lai

Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................................. 1 About This Manual .......................................................................... 1 Using the board support library ....................................................... 2 Installing the Library .............................................................................. 2 Setting up DK........................................................................................ 2 Specifying header files .......................................................................... 3 Setting up Quartus II ............................................................................. 4 Compiling and Running the design ........................................................ 5

Reference........................................................................................ 6

Flash Memory Driver ................................................................ 7 Overview ......................................................................................... 7 Setting up the Flash Memory Driver ................................................ 7 Reading from and Writing to Flash Memory .................................... 7 Reading from Flash Memory ................................................................. 8 Writing to Flash Memory........................................................................ 8

SRAM....................................................................................... 9 Overview ......................................................................................... 9 Setting up the SRAM Driver ............................................................ 9 Reading from and Writing to SRAM ................................................ 9 Reading from SRAM ............................................................................. 9 Writing to SRAM.................................................................................. 10

SDRAM .................................................................................. 11 Overview ....................................................................................... 11 Setting up the SDRAM Driver........................................................ 11 Reading from and Writing to SDRAM............................................ 11 Reading from SDRAM ......................................................................... 12 Writing to SDRAM ............................................................................... 12

PS/2 Mouse Driver ................................................................. 13 Overview ....................................................................................... 13 Setting up a Mouse Driver ............................................................. 13

VGA Display Generation ........................................................ 15 Overview ....................................................................................... 15 VGA Video Driver .......................................................................... 15 Setting up the Video Driver ........................................................... 15 Useful Marco expressions ............................................................. 16

LCD Display Module............................................................... 18 Overview ....................................................................................... 18 Writing to the LCD Module ............................................................ 18 Displaying Hexadecimal number ................................................... 19 Useful Marco expressions ............................................................. 19

Switches................................................................................. 20 Accessing the Toggle Switches..................................................... 20 Accessing the Pushbuttons Switches............................................ 20

7-Segment Displays & LEDs .................................................. 21 Overview ....................................................................................... 21 Using the 7-Segment Displays ...................................................... 21 Writing a specified bit pattern .............................................................. 21 Displaying hexadecimal numbers ........................................................ 22 Disabling a particular display ............................................................... 22

Driving the LEDs ........................................................................... 23

Expansion Header.................................................................. 24 Overview ....................................................................................... 24 Assessing the Expansion Headers................................................ 24

Index ...................................................................................... 25

Chapter

1 Introduction About This Manual The DE2 Function Library de2lib.zip, is a library of Handel-C macros and functions designs that enable you to produce Handel-C design on the DE2 board easily. The instructions on this manual are based on Quartus II and DK4. The DE2 Library contains the following functionality: Memory


Macros to access the 8 Mbyte, 8 bit wide Flash memory.




Macros to access the 512 Kbyte, 16 bit wide SRAM.




Macros to access the 8 Mbyte, 16 bit wide SDRAM.

PS/2 port


Generic PS/2 mouse driver




Driver for the Video DAC on the board for generating VGA display on a standard monitor.

Video

LCD Display


Driver for the 16x2 LCD module for displaying ASCII characters.

Switches


Driver for the 18 toggle switches and the 4 pushbutton switches.

7-Segment Displays & LEDs


Macros to display hexadecimal characters on the 7-Segment Displays and drive the LEDs on the board. DE2 Function Library Manual

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Expansion Header


Driver for the two 40-pin expansion headers on the board.

Further information about the DE2 board can be found in the DE2 User Manual1.

Using the board support library Installing the Library 1.

Download the DE2 library de2lib.zip

2.

Unzip the contents into your working directory (e.g. H:\de2project).

Setting up DK

1

1.

Start DK (Select Start>Programs>Celoxica>DK Design Suite>DK)

2.

Create a new project (Select File>New) specifying the device (chip name), project name and location as shown below:

3.

Include the de2lib library files (Select Tools>Options, under the Directories tab add the unzipped de2lib folder, e.g. H:\de2project\de2lib and click OK).

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Chapter 1: Introduction

4.

Add the DE2 library (Select Project>Settings, under the Linker tab add de2.hcl to the Object/library modules, path: de2lib\de2.hcl)

5.

Set the file type for the Handel-C output files which will be used in Quartus II. (Select Build>Set Active Configuration, highlight EDIF and click OK)

Specifying header files You need to create a new source file for your project. (Click on and select Handel-C Source File, give it a file name of your choice) You should now see the following in your File View window.

Figure 1 – screenshot of the object window in DK after the initial setup In the new source file (xxx.hcc) that you have just created, add the following to specify the clock rate and include the DE2 library. 1.

Specify the clock rate: set clock = external "N2";

2.

Include the DE2 library: #include "DE2.hch"

The DE2 provides two fixed clocks that are connected as follows: FUNCTION

FPGA PIN

Fixed clock 27 MHz

D13

Fixed clock 50 MHz

N2

Example library instantiation set clock = external "N2"; #include "DE2.hch" void main(void) { //some code }

//use the 50 MHz clock //include the DE2 library

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Chapter 1: Introduction

Your code does not do anything yet, but compile the project and check that it returns with no error and a folder EDIF is created under your working directory.

Setting up Quartus II In the last section, you have created the EDIF file which contains the hardware descriptions of your design. This section will explain how you can synthesis this design and load it on to the DE2 board. 1.

Locate the .edf file which was created by DK under the EDIF folder. (e.g. H:\de2project\EDIF\de2project.edf)

2.

Start Quartus II (Select Start>Programs>Altera>Quartus II)

3.

Start a new project (Select File>New Project Wizard)

4.

Select your working directory, it is recommended that you choose the EDIF folder created by DK i.e. H:\de2project\EDIF, otherwise you will need to copy the .edf file to your working directory every time you make changes to your Handel-C project.

5.

After you click next, select the .edf file and add that to your project. Also add the de2lib folder using the User Libraries button.

6.

Specify the device: Choose Family>Cyclone II and EP2C35F672C6 and leave the other settings as default. You can find the EP2C number on the FPGA chip on the DE2 board.

7.

Click Finish and you should see the following under your Project Navigator window.

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Chapter 1: Introduction

8.

Specify options for synthesis (Select Assignments>Settings, under EDA Tool Settings click on Design Entry/Synthesis). Set the options as shown in the following screenshot.

Figure 2 – Setting for Design Entry/Synthesis for a Handel-C design 9.

Setting unused pins to tri-stated: (Select Assignments>Device, click on the Device & Pin Options button and select the Unused Pins tab). Set the unused pins As inputs, tri-stated as shown in Figure 3 and click the OK button to confirm.

Figure 3 – Settings for unused pins

Compiling and Running the design You only need to perform the steps mentioned above once which set up both DK and Quartus. The steps mentioned in this section are essential and need to be run every time you change your Handel-C design in DK. 1.

As the Handel-C source code does not contain any function, replace the void main section of your code with the following if you want to see action on the DE2 board.

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Chapter 1: Introduction

void main(void) { DE2_SW_MASK SW; //declare variable SW as type DE2_SW_MASK do { DE2SW(SW); //read input from the toggle switches DE2SetLEDRs(SW); //shows the switches input on LEDs } while(1); } 2.

Assign pins (Select Tools>Tcl Scripts, highlight the one under Project e.g. de2project and click Run). This .tcl file stores the pin assignments of your design to the actual FPGA pins.

3.

Start Compilation , this builds everything necessary for loading your design on to the DE2 board.

4.

Turn on the DE2 board and make sure that the RUN/PROG switch is switched to RUN. (Please refer to the DE2 user menu for more details)

5.

Program the FPGA – Click on the programmer button to invoke the programmer dialogue box. Make sure it is connected and choose JTAG mode, add the .sof file and click on Program/Configure check box then click Start.

6.

When the programming finishes, you can toggle the switches on the DE2 board and you should see the red LEDs are set by the switch right below it.

Note

If everything compiled but the board does not function as expected, it is very likely that you forgot to run the tcl script. This script must be run before compiling the project.

Reference


DE2 Development and Education Board User Manual




Handel-C Language Reference Manual

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Chapter

2 Flash Memory Driver Overview The DE2 board has one 8-bit wide, 1-Mbyte Flash Memory, it is ideally for storing data after powering off. To write to the Flash memory, you must erase it first. Erasing sets all the bits to 1, this is necessary because during programming, 1 can be set to 0 but 0 cannot be set to 1.

Setting up the Flash Memory Driver In order to use the Flash memory, you must first set up the driver by: 1.

Initialize the Flash Memory Driver by calling the DE2FLASHDriver() macro.

2.

Pass a pointer of type DE2FLASH to the macro as a parameter.

Example: Setting up the Flash memory Driver set clock = external "N2"; #include "DE2.hch" void main(void) { DE2_FLASH FLASH;

//Create a FLASH Driver structure

DE2FLASHDriver(&FLASH); //Passing a pointer - type DE2_FLASH }

Reading from and Writing to Flash Memory There are two macros for reading from and writing to the Flash memory. You must ensure that you do not read and write to the Flash memory at the same time.

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Chapter 2: Flash Memory

Reading from Flash Memory


macro proc DE2ReadFLASH(Address, Data, FLASH)

PARAMETERS

DESCRIPTION

TYPE

Address

Contains the address of the memory location

unsigned 22

Data

Value at the location specify but the address

unsigned 8

FLASH

Pointer for the FLASH Memory Driver

DE2_FLASH

Writing to Flash Memory


macro proc DE2WriteFLASH(Address, Data, FLASH)

PARAMETERS

DESCRIPTION

TYPE

Address

Contains the address of the memory location

unsigned 22

Data

Value at the location specify but the address

unsigned 8

FLASH

Pointer for the FLASH Memory Driver

DE2_FLASH

Note

It is the user responsibility to ensure that the Flash memory is not being written to and reading from at the same time. The Flash memory is 1Mbyte in size which is enough to store a 640x480 24-bit RGB image (921600-byte), however it is not fast enough to be used for displaying the image in a pixel by pixel basis.

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Chapter

3 SRAM Overview The DE2 board has one 16-bit wide, 512-Kbyte SRAM, it is ideally for caching data for fast access.

Setting up the SRAM Driver In order to use the SRAM, you must first set up the SRAM Driver by: 3.

Initialize the SRAM Driver by calling the DE2SRAMDriver() macro.

4.

Pass a pointer of type DE2SRAM to the macro as a parameter.

Example: Setting up the SRAM Driver set clock = external "N2"; #include "DE2.hch" void main(void) { DE2_SRAM SRAM;

//Create a SRAM Driver structure

DE2SRAMDriver(&SRAM); //Passing a pointer of type DE2_SRAM }

Reading from and Writing to SRAM There are in total three separate macros for reading from and writing to the SRAM. You must ensure that you use the correct one and you must not read and write to the SRAM at the same time.

Reading from SRAM


macro proc DE2ReadSRAM(Address, Data, SRAM)

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Chapter 3: SRAM

PARAMETERS

DESCRIPTION

TYPE

Address

Contains the address of the RAM location

unsigned 18

Data

Value at the location specify but the address

unsigned 16

SRAM

Pointer for the SRAM Driver

DE2_SRAM

Writing to SRAM There are two types of macros for writing to the SRAM, the first type writes Data to all 16-bit of the SRAM:


macro proc DE2ReadSRAM(Address, Data, SRAM)

With the second type macro, individual bytes of the SRAM can be written indicated by the type DE2_SRAM_MASK.


macro proc DE2ReadMaskSRAM(Address, Data, Mask, SRAM)

PARAMETERS

DESCRIPTION

TYPE

Address

Contains the address of the RAM location

unsigned 18

Data

Value at the location specify but the address

unsigned 16

Mask

2-bit mask indicating which bytes should be updated

DE2_SRAM_MASK

SRAM

Pointer for the SRAM Driver

DE2_SRAM

Note

It is the user responsibility to ensure that the SRAM is not being written to and reading from at the same time. The SRAM is 512-Kbyte in size which is enough to store an 800x600 8-bit grayscale image (480-Kbyte) for display, consider using the SDRAM for displaying a color image.

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Chapter

4 SDRAM Overview The DE2 board has one 16-bit wide, 8-Mbyte SDRAM, which can be used for frame buffer. The SDRAM is clocked at 100 MHz and this library support using the SDRAM as a SRAM.

Setting up the SDRAM Driver In order to use the SDRAM, you must first set up the driver by: 5.

Initialize the Flash Memory Driver by calling the DE2SDRAMDriver() macro.

6.

Pass a pointer of type DE2SDRAM to the macro as a parameter.

Example: Setting up the SDRAM Driver set clock = external "N2"; #include "DE2.hch" void main(void) { DE2_SDRAM SDRAM;

//Create a SDRAM Driver structure

DE2SDRAMDriver(&SDRAM); //Passing a pointer of type DE2_SRAM }

Reading from and Writing to SDRAM There are two macros for reading from and writing to the SDRAM. You must ensure that you do not read and write to the SDRAM at the same time.

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Chapter 4: SDRAM

Reading from SDRAM


macro proc DE2ReadSDRAM(Address, Data, SDRAM)

PARAMETERS

DESCRIPTION

TYPE

Address

Contains the address of the memory location

unsigned 22

Data

Value at the location specify but the address

unsigned 16

SDRAM

Pointer for the SDRAM Driver

DE2_SDRAM

Writing to SDRAM


macro proc DE2WriteSDRAM(Address, Data, SDRAM)

PARAMETERS

DESCRIPTION

TYPE

Address

Contains the address of the memory location

unsigned 22

Data

Value at the location specify but the address

unsigned 16

SDRAM

Pointer for the SDRAM Driver

DE2_SDRAM

Note

It is the user responsibility to ensure that the SDRAM is not being written to and reading from at the same time.

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Chapter

5 PS/2 Mouse Driver Overview The DE2 library contains driver for PS/2 compatible mouse which can be connected to the PS/2 port on the board. A Genius NetScroll + mouse (a three button mouse) was used to test the driver. The driver does not support the scrolling wheel on mouse device with wheels.

Setting up a Mouse Driver To set up a mouse driver, you need to: 1.

Install the mouse driver by calling the macro procedure DE2MouseDriver().

2.

Pass a pointer of type DE2_PS2_MOUSE to the macro as a parameter.

The type DE2_PS2_MOUSE has the following structure: typedef struct { signal unsigned signal unsigned signal unsigned signal unsigned signal unsigned signal unsigned signal unsigned }DE2_PS2_MOUSE;

PARAMETERS

10 10 1 1 1 10 10

PointerX; PointerY; LeftButton; MiddleButton; RightButton; MaxX; MaxY;

DESCRIPTION

PointerX

Current X coordinates of the mouse pointer

PointerY

Current X coordinates of the mouse pointer

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Chapter 5: PS/2 Mouse Driver

LeftButton

State of the left button on the mouse (1 = pressed, 0 = released)

MiddleButton

State of the middle button on the mouse (1 = pressed, 0 = released)

RightButton

State of the right button on the mouse (1 = pressed, 0 = released)

MaxX

Maximum value of the mouse pointer on the screen in the X-direction

MaxY

Maximum value of the mouse pointer on the screen in the Y-direction

The default position of the mouse pointer (PointerX,PointerY) are being set to the middle of the screen on the default resolution 800 x 600 pixels. And the MaxX and MaxY are by default set to 799 and 599 respectively.

Example – Displaying a mouse pointer set clock = external "N2"; #include "DE2.hch" macro proc Pointer(VideoPtr, MousePtr) { … //find the code in the file called pointer.hcc2, this //code uses the mouse button to switch between two backgrounds } void main(void) { DE2_PS2_MOUSE Mouse; DE2_VGA_DRIVER Video; par { DE2PS2MouseDriver(&Mouse); DE2VideoDriver800x600(&Video); Pointer(&Video,&Mouse); } }

2

File pointer.hcc is located under the folder sample code within the de2lib folder

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Chapter

6 VGA Display Generation Overview The DE2 board can generate a VGA display on LCD / CRT monitor, the DE2 library uses the 30-bit color video DAC to generate the required signals. The DE2 library contains:


DE2VideoDriver800x600, a video driver macro




Macro expressions to provide information of the display

VGA Video Driver The DE2VideoDriver800x600 macro generates all the signals required for a monitor using the VGA 800x600 video standard, including the horizontal and vertical sync signals. The driver output the current x and y coordinates of the scan on the screen and you must assign the desire RGB (30bits) value on a pixel by pixel basis. The screen scan from the top left pixel, starting from (0,0) and finishes at (799,599) for the visible region. The invisible part of the scan is called the blanking region, you can find out if you are in the visible region by check the parameter Visible. The pixel clock for this driver runs at 50MHz yielding 800 horizontal pixels and 600 vertical pixels. Therefore your design must be run at 50MHz or faster for the RGB value to be loaded correctly.

Setting up the Video Driver Steps for setting up the video driver:


Call DE2VideoDriver800x600 macro procedure to install the video driver.

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Chapter 6: VGA Display Generation




Pass a pointer of type DE2_VGA_DRIVER to macro as a parameter.

The type DE2_VGA_DRIVER has the following structure: typedef struct { signal unsigned signal unsigned signal unsigned signal unsigned } DE2_VGA_DRIVER;

30 Output; 10 ScanX; 10 ScanY; 1 Visible;

PARAMETERS

DESCRIPTION

Output

The 30 bits RGB signals to be displayed.

ScanX

Current horizontal pixel being display.

ScanY

Current vertical pixel being display.

Visible

Stating whether the current scans coordinate is visible.

screensaver

Indicate whether the screensaver is on or off. (1 for on, 0 for off)

Useful Marco expressions There are three macro expressions that provide information of the display that comes with the DE2 library including:


DE2VisibleCols – number of visible columns.




DE2VisibleLines – number of visible lines.

Example – Installing the Video Driver set clock = external "N2"; #include "DE2.hch"

//use the 50 MHz clock //include the DE2 library

macro proc ColourScreen(VideoPtr) { unsigned 10 temp; macro expr sx = VideoPtr->ScanX; macro expr sy = VideoPtr->ScanY; do

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Chapter 6: VGA Display Generation

{ if (VideoPtr->Visible != 0) { VideoPtr->Output = sx @ sy @ temp; } else { delay; } } while(1); } void main(void) { DE2_VGA_DRIVER Video; par { DE2VideoDriver800x600(&Video); ColourScreen(&Video); } }

This sample code (colourscreen.hcc) generate a 800x600 VGA display with colour channel Red and Green set to Current X and Y resulting in a colour change from the left of the screen to the right of the screen.

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Chapter

7 LCD Display Module Overview The DE2 board has a 2 x 16 digits LCD Module which can be used to display text. The DE2 library contains macro that allows you to:


Write ASCII characters to the LCD Module.




Function to convert hexadecimal number into ASCII.




Macro expressions for common characters, e.g. A-Z.

Writing to the LCD Module You can write to the 7-segment display using the macro procedure:


DE2LCDDriver(line)

PARAMETERS

line

DESCRIPTION

Line of characters in ASCII

TYPE

DE2_LCD_LINE

Please refer a ASCII table for the ASCII code for characters, the characters which are supported include: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;? @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_ `abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~

Please note that you do not need to find the code for characters A-Z, a-z and space as the library contains macro expressions for these characters.

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Chapter 7: LCD Display Module

Displaying Hexadecimal number The DE2 library contains a macro expr for converting Hex number into ASCII:


macro expr hex2ascii(hex)

PARAMETERS

hex

DESCRIPTION

A hexadecimal for converting into ASCII.

TYPE

unsigned 4

This function returns the ASCII code for the hexadecimal number that is inputted.

Useful Marco expressions The DE2 library contains a few macro expressions that are useful for displaying text on the LCD module, these include:


Characters A – Z and a – z




sp for Space




blank_line – for displaying a blank screen on the LCD module

Example – displaying a line of text on the LCD module set clock = external "N2"; #include "DE2.hch"

//use the 50 MHz clock //include the DE2 library

void main(void) { DE2_LCD_LINE line; line = hex2ascii(0x1