De GUZMAN, JNB (Part 1 2 3 & Related Appendices)

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission For Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building

A Thesis Presented to the School of Architecture, Industrial Design & the Built Environment Mapua Institute of Technology

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in Architectural Design 9/ AR200/ AR200Sfor the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture

by Jonah Neill Bryan D. De Guzman BS. Architecture 2010122707, 4th Year

Architect Junar Pakingan Tablan, uap, MSAE Adviser

December 2014

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Table of Contents Part I. The Problem and Its Background Chapter I.1

General Overview_

4

Introduction

4

Background of the Study

5

Statement of the Problem

6

Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies

7

Significance of the Study

8

Scope and Limitation

9

Assumptions

10

Conceptual Framework

10

Definition of Terms

12

Acronyms

12

Chapter I.2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

13

Related Literature

13

Related Studies/ Projects

18

Chapter I.3

Research Methodology

22

Research Design

24

Population and Sampling

37

Research Instruments

38

Chapter I.4

Summary of Findings and Analysis

Presentation of Collected Data

39 39 Page | 2

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Need Analysis Chapter I.5

Conclusions and Recommendations

Part II. Research Focus

44 46 48

Chapter II.1

Rationale

49

Chapter II.2

Principles and Relevance to the Project

51

Chapter II.3

Application to the Project

51

Part III. Site Identification and Analysis Chapter III.1 Site Selection Process

56 56

Criteria for Site Selection

57

Site Option Description

60

Site Selection and Justification

60

Chapter III.2 Site Evaluation and Analysis

64

The Macro Setting

64

The Micro Setting

67

Related Laws and Ordinances

71

Chapter III.3 Site Development Options

73

Site Analysis

73

Proposed Site Development Plan

74

Related Appendices

80

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

PART 1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Chapter I.1 GENERAL OVERVIEW

I.

Introduction A government agency is usually an appointed commission that is an organization in

the government system that is responsible for monitoring and administrating of a specific purpose. The role of an agency are executive in character since different types of organizations and committees are constituted in a recommended role. It is created to develop the use of agencies to improve efficiency in public service in terms of giving a protection to the rights of the people. A government agency may be established by a national legislation or executive power like the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. They are the Philippine‘s arts and cultural public-benefit regulatory commission arts council agency that is a responsible for the needs, administration, regulation and protection for the rights of Filipino artists, heritage, and our culture. The proposed study intends to provide well planned and strategic government agency for culture and the arts office building that caters the needs of such agency particularly the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. The target users of the facility will be the tourists, artists, museum visitors, and mostly the public as it provides exhibits and workshops for the awareness of our culture. The end market will be the staff, employees of each department and committees and other related maintenances. The proponent is to cultivate and Page | 4

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

improve a functional National Commission for Culture and the Arts office complex which can provide the facilities they need to deliver as it implies to their purpose.

II.

Background of the Study The National Commission for Culture and Arts, located in Intramuros, Manila,

Philippines, was known before as the Presidential Commission on Culture when, in 1987, then-president Corazon Aquino signed the Executive Order number 118. At the year of 1992, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts or the NCCA was created when this presidential directive was legislated into a law, Republic Act 7356 or the NCCA Act. The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), is generally the policy making body, organizing, directing, managing, and grant giving agency for the protection, conservation and security development and promotion of Philippine arts, culture and heritage. It is an executing agency for the policies it formulates for safeguarding all aspects of arts and culture in the Philippines. They are also in charge to controlling and managing the National Endowment Fund for Culture and the Arts (NEFCA), a fund exclusively for the implementation of culture and arts programs and projects. The official website of National Commission for Culture and the Arts stated that the government‘s support for cultural development is particularly highlighted by the passage of R.A. 7356 that created the NCCA. The coordination among the cultural agencies was strengthened by the virtue of Executive Order No. 80, which placed the Cultural Center of the Philippines, the National Historical Institute (now, the National Historical Commission of the Philippines), the National Museum, The National Library (now, The National Library of Page | 5

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

the Philippines), and the Records, Management, and Archives Office (now, the National Archives of the Philippines) under the NCCA umbrella. Further, through Republic Act No. 9155, administratively attached the earlier aforementioned five cultural agencies to the NCCA, including now the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino / Commission on the Filipino Language. Thus, the NCCA is responsible for culture and the arts in the Philippines --- and, if not in the name, the de facto Ministry of Culture. The Commission together with the six cultural agencies works with the principle of partnership, collaboration and shared responsibility in achieving effectively and efficiently the implementation of cultural programs as well as maximizing of resources. The NCCA was created to serve as the presidential inter-agency commission to coordinate cultural policies and programs that promotes our culture and arts and preserves historic heritage sites.

III.

Statement of the Problem Government Agencies are mostly made by a collection of different offices that acts

together to function as to what kind of agency they are. As to what is the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, they are not just an office but a place for artistic values such as performing arts and visual arts. The National Commission for Culture and the Arts‘ main objective and goals is to encourage the development of culture by the people themselves, to conserve, promote and protect the nation‘s historical and cultural heritage, to ensure dissemination of artistic and cultural products, standards of excellence in programs

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

and activities to promote Philippine Culture. Their office requires theaters, workshop rooms, and exhibit areas to function truly as a commission for the arts. It is a fact that the National Commission for Culture and the Arts needs more improved facility not just to cater their office needs but also the artistic requirements for their office‘s goals and objective for the Filipino culture preservation and protection and promotion.

IV.

Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies The primary goal of the study is to provide and adapt to a facility that an arts

commission can cater and function properly as it will give the National Commission for Culture and Arts the proper spaces needed and dedicated for such agency. It seeks to provide improved facilities and introduce innovations mainly to enhance the experience of the people using the structure, to be an effective office that can promote their agency‘s mission and goals properly and to influence and enlighten tourists of what culture and traditions and artistic values our country has. To suitably provide solutions, a set of objectives are listed to guide and deliver the views on track: • To increase the functionality of the National Commission for Culture and Arts • To study the spaces and facilities of the existing structure to understand the needs of the building and incorporate new and improved spaces. • To upgrade the office to a more effective arts commission Page | 7

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

• To strengthen the agency‘s government body in the aspect of accessibility • To deliver built agency complex that is innovative and functional

The strategies to be done are the following: • Research background about the agency • Study existing structure and find problematic issues architecturally • Learn the needed spaces by their own office preferences • Study the required spaces • Conduct case studies in the current office • Conduct surveys and interviews regarding their agency

V.

Significance of the Study The proposed National Commission for Culture and the Arts Complex Office should

be an environment which encourages and promotes the development of the said agency and also the public‘s strengths for their involvement of the culture within the context of their own. The study helps readers; architects, students, professionals, designers, and artists to cater a design for a specialized arts agency office for the public integrating the needs of a particular office. Through the gathered data and information, solutions that can answer the said problems can also be improved and studied further by them. This basically aims to expand the knowledge in terms of the architecture and design of any facility that is allotted; it may be an agency, and workshop facility specialized in arts. To contribute to the Page | 8

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

understanding of the spatiality of organizations and the organizational implications of space, this paper suggests investigating the multiple networks in which people engage, the employees, staff and public eyes.

VI.

Scope and Limitation The scope of this study covers the new design of a government commission on arts

agency, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. The proposal also incorporates the organization of spaces and facilities that shall be needed in a specialized facility. It will only focus on the problems related to designing an office with exhibit areas and workshop rooms with regards to its safety, facilities and services issues. On the purpose of determining the spaces, a careful evaluation of the observed existing office, whether technologically advanced or traditional in nature, is necessary in order to understand proper space organization and innovation with the center and the office. Respondents, including staff and visitors, are needed in conducting the survey to evaluate their ideas and thoughts about their present physical environment as well as identifying their developmental needs regarding the facility to incorporate advancement that will help the agency to excel and properly execute their goals. Once the information is gathered, it can help analyse proper space planning and be able to conceptualize and design a new technology-based office environment. The data collected in the survey will help acquire knowledge and contribute to answer the following: spaces, circulation and accessibility, considerations, importance of advanced

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

technology in design, aesthetic and security considerations, knowledge for the improvement of the environment, safety and proper allocation of spaces that will provide good quality of service.

VII.

Assumptions The research assumes that the results of the study will confirm the need to develop

such proposal and thus will give higher quality of service and verify that the structure will not only benefit the agency but also the Filipinos, keeping them aware of the Philippine culture and arts. The result will also contribute in knowing the design solutions for the existing architectural problems of the existing site. Also, the proponent statuses that the National Commission for Culture and the Arts will undergo relocation and precede complex type of office. Research gathering may imply the benefit of the agency‘s effectivity and public‘s rights to culture.

VIII. Conceptual Framework The research framework focuses on gathering information on strategies that can be applied to make possibilities of whether there is a need of a new office for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. There will be a Questionnaire Survey that will lead to a descriptive study from the data. The survey will answer the questions and issues regarding the placement of such facility. Also, with the results achieved, the design recommendations would be taken like providing the needs of the users, improvement of arts commission agency and exhibit areas or workshops in terms of effective learning environment, health conscious atmosphere, positive working surroundings, aesthetic and safety, give proper Page | 10

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

placement of the public flow and suggestions from the answered survey. The next parts would be definition of the solutions according to extensive research followed by the conclusion. There is also an interview to be made for more concrete details coming from the head of departments to surely provide information that will be needed in the study.

Flowchart

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

IX.

Definition of Terms • Commission for the Arts - A type of government agency that operates under the

authority of a board of commissioners, though the term may also be applied to nongovernmental groups in the aspect of arts • Committee – a type of small deliberative assembly that is usually intended to remain subordinate to another. They are a group of people who are chosen to do a particular job or to make decisions about something • Culture - a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next. • Executive - has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state. They are administrative or managerial authority in an organization. • Performing Arts - art forms in which artists use their body, voice, or objects to convey artistic expression • Visual Arts - art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking,

design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking and architecture.

X.

Acronym • NCCA – National Commission for Culture and Arts • NEFCA – National Endowment Fund for Culture and Arts

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Chapter I.2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

I.

Related Literature Government Office Agency: According to Diane Hoskins (2012), today, knowledge workers are faced with an

ever-changing business climate in which they must balance a wider variety of communication and a faster pace of change, often while being asked to do more with less. The workplace must follow suit, providing settings and supports for the broadening diversity of activities that are increasingly couched within the workday. To understand how a workplace best aligns with drivers of business success and employee engagement, we mined our survey data for workers at the top of their game. Turns out, 24% of our sample was thriving—out-performing and out-innovating their peers. We took a closer look to understand how. In a 2011 survey by Management Today magazine, virtually all (97 per cent) of those responding said that they regarded their place of work as a symbol of whether or not they were valued by their employer. Yet only 37 per cent thought that their offices had been designed ‗with people in mind‘, and no less a third said that they were too ashamed of their offices to bring back colleagues or clients. This is the kind of gap which should worry management – and which, were it to occur in any other discipline in business, would almost certainly get urgent attention in the boardroom, Paul Morrell believes.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Francis Duffy (2012) said that no single perspective can provide a complete set of answers to such a wide range of inherently interdisciplinary questions. An integrated research approach is essential because research in this complex and changing field cannot be conventionally academic. The experience and judgement of all of the key constituencies involved are vitally important to the success of any research programme. As one illustration of this, the economic dimension of the results of design initiatives is obviously critical. According to Thomas Davenport (2013), logic, or common sense, there are a few things we know about the relationship between physical work environments and knowledge worker performance. They include: Knowledge workers prefer closed offices, but seem to communicate better in open ones. Knowledge workers congregate in particular geographical areas. Knowledge workers move around in the course of their work. Knowledge workers collaborate, concentrate and communicate. Mobility within the workspace and outside of it is a frequently cited objective. This obviously makes sense in industries such as professional services, where workers must travel to clients frequently. Yet we don't know what price organizations pay in social capital when employees are highly mobile and can't be easily located for a face-to-face conversation. Oblinger (2006) noted that space can have an impact on learning. Positive spaces bring people together as they encourage exploration, collaboration, and discussion; negative spaces can carry an unspoken message of silence and disconnectedness, sometimes stronger than verbalization. Academic advisors have important conversations with students regarding their current and future experiences in college; our offices should reflect this by providing a relaxed and collaborative environment needed for these conversations to occur. Brown and Page | 14

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Long (2006) agree with this belief noting that learning occurs everywhere, whether we arrange spaces or not, but deeper and richer learning occurs when the design encourages interactively. Chism (2006b), stated that new learning environments demonstrate that not all learning takes place in classrooms, and that the establishment of places for collaboration, project work, or socialization can directly influence student success and persistence. Vaughn (1991), affirmed this saying, "Good rooms enable good teaching" Simon Allford, a director of architects Allford Hall Monaghan Morris (AHMM), said that when he started his career, design centred around getting from the lift to the desk as quickly as possible. This has changed in the last decade. "The journey is actually seen as beneficial because as people are working in different ways, you are not expecting them to be only working in one place, therefore work is a kind of continuous activity and you are always thinking," he said.

Adaptive Reuse: Adaptive re-use gives new life to a site, rather than seeking to freeze it at a particular moment in time, it explores the options that lie between the extremes of demolition or turning a site into a museum. Adding a new layer without erasing earlier layers, an adaptive reuse project becomes part of the long history of the site. It is another stage not a final outcome. (Justine Clarke, Adaptive Re-use of Industrial Heritage, Heritage Council Victoria, 2013) Conceiving, designing and delivering a sustainable built environment represents a significant responsibility for all of us. Our decisions today will define the heritage of the Page | 15

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

future. (Professor Laura Lee, former Adelaide Thinker in Residence) Thus showing that we should be responsible for the decision we make. There are two options in developing old structures, one is the ―clean-out‖ which is completely destructing and demolishing the current structure and then put up a new development, the other one which is cheaper and economically advisable is ―adaptation‖ wherein the adaptation process is much quicker than doing another development from footings to roofing, in which existing structure already provided some of the workloads (i.e. foundations, columns, and superstructure) (Douglas, 2006). Economically speaking, cost of demolition range is high, and in other terms, wasteful, disruptive and environmentally unhelpful. Adaptive reuse is cost efficient. Knowing how efficient a new development to be built on an existing structure runs down to thoroughly study its original construction cost and value, location, relevant reuse of the existing structure, adaptive condition and existing environment the new development will take place. Feasibility studies are often procedure for much thorough analysis of the facts and figures. Knowing its value depending its current situation of the standing structure from structural parts up to littlest part that can be either scrapped up or reused to the new development scheme dictates how cost efficient a project is. Cost efficiency can be solely derived from different approach of the developer or of the owner on how they can strategically redevelop the existing site. Reusing revises the former purpose of a building while maintaining the architectural space, for a structure to house other use, it should still functional as well as a good value.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Buildings that offer an open arrangement of spaces and flexible structural framework have the best potential for reuse (Wilson, 2010) A building‘s physical conditions such as size, construction material, structural integrity, and space layout are elements that form a solid foundation for a project‘s design (Heath, 2001; Shipley et al., 2006) The owner, along with a professional team of engineers and architects, will look at these existing features to calculate the structure‘s backbone for an alternate se while still remaining profitable given the given existing condition, the physical environmental elements conditions, space layout, site work, and contamination (Wilson, 2010) The environment of the existing industrial facility tells a lot what the structure can offer, in terms of economic and social aspects. Its physical condition would define if it‘s adequate for another type of use which should be habitable and meet the standards accordingly of the local codes. It is very important to be keen and concentrate on different intangible conditions of the structure such as the materials used in the construction might have contamination which can be the major cost of the project.

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II.

Related Studies a.) Foreign Project

Virginia Commission for The Arts Virginia Commission for the Arts celebrates and champions artistic excellence and encourages growth in artistic creativity, quality and innovation. VCA invests in the arts in the Commonwealth by supporting and encouraging full participation in a creative culture that will benefit all Virginians. http://www.arts.virginia.gov/about_guiding-principles.html

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Carriageworks Arts Centre, Sydney It was undertaken by a team lead by Architect Greer. The project converted a large former train carriage workshop into a contemporary performing arts center. The project delivered a complex set of new users, centered on acoustically separated performance halls. Structural elements removed in the area were redeployed in the scheme such as the as the trusses now forming the entrance canopy.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

The St Peters Precinct The St Peters Precinct is made up of a cluster of buildings facing onto Payneham Road, including the State Heritage listed Town Hall and the Local Heritage listed former Post Office and Telegram buildings. Working in association with Flightpath Architects, the heritage buildings are to be restored and refurbished, with new entrace structures either side of the former Town Hall tying the precinct together. The former Town Hall will house the Heritage Centre and the Library, which will include a new mezzanine floor. New toilet facilities and services are being introduced across the entire precinct.

b.) Local Project The Commission on the Filipino Language ( KWF ) was created by Republic Act. 7104 (August 14 , 1991) as required by the Constitution of the Philippines , to conduct,

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

coordinate and promote research for the development, dissemination, and preservation Filipino and other native languages of the Philippines.

Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino Building The mission's mandate arms formulate, coordinate with, and implement programs and research projects to further accelerate growth and pagbulas the Filipino language as a medium of communication and general purposes as well as intellectual. Purpose is to develop the Filipino language as a modern effective tool available across national development. But, according to the evaluation of others, it seems useless because it does not already commission his duties due to lack of funds and the resounding

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

alleged corruption. The result of this is the Filipino as a language Tagalog still considered weak in vocabulary and technical and scientific.

Chapter I.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

I.

Research Method The study‘s research method used is a descriptive method since it describes

systematically the situation and area of interest concretely and accurately of the population universe which are the employees, staff, tourists and public visitors from the area of the case study: National Commission for Culture and the Arts. It describes the qualities and characteristics of the perception of the immediate users and the experiences they encounter in the field of office environment and offerings of wild variety of learning through their hosted workshops and exhibits within the office and performing arts regarding the study of government agency with spaces and environment specialized for the commission for culture and the arts with a learning facility. And this research follows explanatory study, and its approach is thru conducting a survey investigation and site visit to fully understand the scope of the proposal.

II.

Research Instrument Since the research is concerning the employee‘s, committees‘ and student‘s perception,

the study will conduct an investigation thru interviews and observations with pictures provided. It will present information that comes from the users itself. Reliable data collection is expected since the information that will be gathered was investigated from the people concerning the Page | 22

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

issue. Using the observations of the researcher and the interviews he conducted, it would give a valid material because it will be a fact and reasonable information which came from the future user‘s own perception and experience. Gathered data will be presented through statistical analysis and graphical diagrams to easily see the collected information data on which answer from the interview ranks the highest.

III.

Research Locale The study shall be conducted in the office of National Commission for Culture and the

Arts. The office is known to be the main cultural agency in the Philippines. It administers the rights of artists, policy making for culture and heritage and is being funded by the National Endowment Fund for the Cultural Arts (NEFCA). It is located in Intramuros, Manila. The location of the research is selected because of the big influence they give with the field of arts in the country. It would be a credible source since they provide and enforce policies and conduct and provide workshops studying in all kind of arts, may it be a flaw or an asset, can give ample amount of information in planning for a future government agency. With the situations stated, the vicinity or location of the study has problems that this research is trying to give solutions and solve and insights of a future commission for the arts, a government agency.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Vicinity Map of the Intramuros Manila

IV.

Research Design

CASE STUDY: National Commission for Culture and the Arts Office Building Location And Setting The national commission for culture and the arts or the NCCA is located in the oldest district and historic core of the city of Manila, Philippines, the walled city of Intramuros. It is exactly situated at General Luna Street, Intramuros, Manila. The area is the only district of Manila where old architectural influences are still plentiful. There are also a lot of educational institutions around the vicinity; Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, the Mapua Institute of Technology and others. Also, churches are also abundant in the area of their existing structure.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

National Commission for Culture and the Arts Main Entrance

Office Profile The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), Philippines is the overall policy making body, coordinating, and grants giving agency for the preservation, development and promotion of Philippine arts and culture; an executing agency for the policies it formulates; and task to administering the National Endowment Fund for Culture and the Arts (NEFCA) -fund exclusively for the implementation of culture and arts programs and projects. The NCCA was created to serve as the presidential inter-agency commission to coordinate cultural policies and programs. In simple terms, the NCCA is a government agency responsible for the policy making of culture and the arts. They are the administering office of all cultural agencies. They are the Page | 25

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

policy makers and protectors of the rights of Filipino artists and their crafts. They have committees from all over the Philippines, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, and quarterly visits the office for meetings and updates. They represent the Filipino artists and supervise their rights. Also, aside from that they are the policy makers for artist‘s rights, they also formulate policies for development of culture and the arts and implement these policies in coordination with affiliated cultural agencies. Thus, they coordinate implementation of programs by giving workshops, recitals, exhibit to local artist administering the National Endowment Fund for Culture and the Arts (NEFCA) to encourage artistic creation within a climate of artistic freedom and to develop and promote the Filipino national culture and arts while preserving Filipino cultural heritage.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

They ensure that standards of excellence are pursued in programs and activities implementing policies, it shall encourage and support continuing discussion and debate through symposia, workshops, publications, etc., on the highest norms available in the matrix of Philippine culture.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Architectural Profile The national commission for culture and the arts building is built with Spanish era architecture as it conforms with the existing law regarding the structure designs inside Intramuros. It is of cement building material and finished with plastered composition. They building is a 6-storey high structure with a very historic design façade.

Typical Floor Plan of the NCCA Building

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Façade of the NCCA Building

The architectural plan of the NCCA building is a typical plan from 1st floor to 6th floor of the structure. The parking area of the building is located at the block behind the building which is being rented by the NCCA. The parking is very limited and enough just for the directors of the agency.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Left Side Exhibit Area at the Ground Floor

At the ground floor, situated is the reception and exhibit area of the National Commission for the Culture and the Arts. Maintenance and the security office of the building is also located at the 1st floor of the structure. Administration offices are found on the second floor together with the audio visual room. At the third floor of the building is the General Service offices and at the 4th floor is the accounting and finance offices. Fifth floor is where most public visitors go because it is where the counsellors or the public offices are located which the visitors tend to talk to regarding issues of culture and the arts. The highest floor is considered to be the most private

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

floor because the board rooms, director‘s offices, committee‘s offices and monitoring offices are situated there which needs to be treated with silence to not disturb the on-going meetings.

Right Side Exhibit Area of the Ground Floor

The National Commission for Culture and the Arts funds and hosts exhibits of artists that needs help and support. They supply and provide the artist‘s adequate needs to pursue the necessary activity of their work as long as it complies with the NCCA requirements and promotes Filipino Cultural arts and heritage.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Items lay at the hallway due to lack of storage facility

For the ventilation use Page | 32

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Board rooms too crowded and the projector is too near the committees

Piled up documents Page | 33

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

An example of an employee‘s desk

Offices does not have pantry for each department making them improvise

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National Commission for Culture and the Arts Office Information:

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

V.

Population Universe And Subjects Of The Study The study will solely serve the employees, students and visitors or tourists of the National

Commission for Culture and the Arts. Since the area is the one going to be affected by the study solution, the people using it will be the population universe of this research. The population universe of the study will be the people affiliated with the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. The population of the research are large number of people and enough to achieve the goals of the study. It collects an amount of information to help for possible solutions of the research.

The population will be credible since they are the ones experiencing on hand the environment of a government agency for culture and arts. Having this information, the sampling group that will be used will not be hard to contact since they can be easily found in within the building. Mostly students, tourists and employees will be the subject of interviews and observation.

VI.

Sampling Procedure

The sampling procedure that will be used in this research is area sampling since the study is specifically located in a particular place which is the National Commission for Culture and the Arts office building. Apparently the people affiliated with it are the ones going to be affected and concerned regarding the issue. And while it‘s consuming a large amount of population, samples will be chosen thru random sampling. People of different category will be able to have equal and Page | 37

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fair chances of having interviewed and observed. In this case, it will lessen bias and give opportunities to different kinds of people that are associated with the dental school to be studied. The procedure would be by computing for the sample size that the study will use. Determining sample size is a very important issue because samples that are too large may waste time, resources and money, while samples that are too small may lead to inaccurate results. For an easier process, the researcher will use a Sample Size Calculator presented as a public service of Creative Research Systems Survey Software, an award winning survey system selected as the best survey software of 2013 with highest marks for survey creation and analysis, thru its website: http://www.surveysystem.com/sscalc.htm

VII.

Research Instruments

Questionnaire. In the collection of data, the researchers used a self- constructed questionnaire in gathering information needed in the study wherein it was dispersed through Google docs in the internet. In constructing the questionnaire, the researcher thinks of possible questions that can be asked to the respondents. And provided questions are opinionated to receive information that comes from the user himself, the thing they want to achieve or have. Observation. In this method, it is used when the data is not adequate through the use of interview and other method. Observation can identify the current situation of the office building, lacking facilities, movement of people, spaces and problematic issues in such structure. Site visit is conducted in order to pursue this method. Problematic issues stated were identified and proven to exist. Page | 38

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Chapter I.4 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS I.

Presentation of Collected Data

In this section the result of the gathered information are analysed, summarised and discussed in an accurate and organized manner. The created data are collected during the research methodology in which the proponent used most of the techniques to gratify and to improve the study with straight and credible information of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Office Building. This part will show the data and information gathered from the case study presented in order to further understand the situation of an existing government agency office.

In this research the collected data will be shown in graphical method and figures to understand the complexity of the problem, the proponent can easily visualize and analyse the problematic issues on it.

Results from the Survey: With the survey given to the employees, the researcher found out the more than 52% of the surveyed employees were working at the National Commission for Culture and the Arts greater than 5 years. Many of them are satisfied with the office although the facilities that help accommodate their services are not satisfied. The building space in the office is adequate yet it lacks storage areas for the documents coming in of the office.

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The traffic going to the office may be heavy but at the vicinity of the site is not. Their problem the outside environment that affects them is the noise. They have informal settlers in front of their office and they can not do anything about it. Although many of them said that they are comfortable with the office, they would still want to have their office redevelop and changed due to the lacking facilities and storages.

Interview 1: Mr. Edison Molanida is the National Commission for Culture and the Arts World Heritage Sites Manager. He has been working in the agency for about 6 years already. Mr. Molanida was the one who answers the researcher‘s email and was able to ask permission to interview him. He introduced the National Commission for Culture and the Arts as the sole policy makers of artists, protectors of cultural arts and preservers of the Philippine heritage in the whole country. The researcher made clear about his intentions to propose a NCCA Complex Building for the agency to accommodate the lacking facilities present to their office. Mr. Molanida agreed that there are certain facilities lacking due to the inadequate office space given to them. They conduct workshops, exhibits, performances and meetings from artists, and committees from all over the Philippines, inviting them over to have a talk. The major lacking facilities are the auditoriums in which they execute the talent shows and symposiums hosted by the NCCA, workshop rooms in which they host learning experience for the people interested. Also, Mr. Molanida said that they need more storage facility as their office looks already like a storage room because of the piled documents and things around the office

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When asked if they have future plans for the office, Mr. Molanida excitedly said yes and gave us the architectural plans of The Metropolitan Theater. He then explained that their idea for the future plan is to be relocated at the Metropolitan Theater and apply adaptive reuse to the historic building as to preserve its heritage values. All they have yet is the idea but without formal actions. According to Mr. Molanida, they are wating for the go signal from the GSIS to start planning the relocation to the Metropolitan Theater. They believe they have the funds needed and they are willing to do all necessary actions to pursue the relocation of their office. The existing National Commission for Culture and the Arts Office building is to be swapped to another government agency when they start to relocate.

Interview 2: After the interview with Mr. Edision Molinada, he referred the researcher to Ms. Caroline Mizal, the head of the Project Development Office Planning and Policy of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. She then explained the use of their agency, the departments and population of each. She gave us a tour to every part of the office starting from the receptionist up to the director‘s office. At the ground floor is where the exhibits are held. They help provide local artists with no funds to showcase their art as long as they comply with the requirements of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. She showed us how insufficient it is due to the many requests and they only approve on what can only fit to their exhibit area. Beside the exhibit area is the only thing that keeps everything in control, the reception area. People go through them

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first before entering the office proper. Sometimes their problem is when there are too many public visitors, they sometimes slip through them. When also asked about the future plans of the office, she then said what Mr. Molanida also said; to the Metropolitan Theater. She said that the Metropolitan might be too big to become just their office. They are planning on making the other parts for rent and she even suggested to have a lodging area to accommodate the commissioners and guests from other parts of the country. This idea came to them when the office conducted a feasibility study when committees from Visayas and Mindanao area had a hard time looking for a hotel and they thought that providing such facility can provide the commissioners less expenses. She is so excited to be relocated to a new office for them to provide their services at the highest quality and adequate needs that the office can offer. She has been telling us how hard it is to have an insufficient facility because they are having a problem with providing the people the things that they should be able to provide yet they look for other offices that can. Having such improvement would make themselves more reliable and more trusted in the field of Arts on policy making and such due to the best services they can deliver to people, an image that artists can look up to.

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II.

Analysis of the existing National Commission for Culture and the Arts Office Building

Strengths •The symmetrical plan provides efficient access to all spaces. •The center provides interaction to the surrounding buildings and commercial spaces. •It has central access. •Planning is typical; public users will not get lost. •There‘s a lot of mode of transportation around the vicinity. •Privacy of employees and directors properly separated. •Attrium at the center of the building gives proper air ventilation for the office.

Weaknesses •The staffs will be deprived of having a personal space because some spaces are messy in terms of lacking storage areas •Not enough walkway for pedestrians from the outside. Vehicle‘s carriageway is also the path walk. •Not enough daylight and ventilation •Lacks waiting area for the public and doesn‘t have a lobby in the office •The offices does not have pantry. •Noise traffic is very susceptible. •Lounge is insufficient. •Working areas is also lacking in terms of space. The staff‘s things are all over the place.

Opportunities •Due to the increasing number of enrolees for dental medicine, the school would benefit from enhancing the development of higher education in the Philippines. •Its vicinity is suitable for developing functional spaces that would cater students‘ needs

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Threats •Scarcity of workshop rooms is a problem from time to time. •Lacking of theaters •Lacking of exhibit areas • Storage facility is in need •There are blind spots and wasted spaces. •The front of the building is informal settler‘s place •Safeties of the users from the alleys they walk through were not paved and they walk with vehicles.

III.

Need Analysis In this section of the study, diverse analysis on collected data and figures are shown and

discussed. Thus, this will allow viewing the issues in different perspectives of all types of users. Having the results is needed in the study to be able to satisfy the needed information.

The following are the needs of the facility: •Passive ventilation and daylight to lessen energy use •Plantings as buffer zones for the unpleasant view and would also help absorb noise and heat •Providing landscaping and trees as a shading device and lessens the carbon emissions of the office •Proper space planning to avoid wasted spaces and blind spots •Considering number of public visitors in providing waiting and exhibit areas to prevent scarcity of learning spaces of the office. •Provide storage facilities •Provide special facilities required for a cultural arts complex and an office building for the agency to be fully effective. •Staff lounge is not provided •Offices doesn‘t have their own pantry.

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•Organizational separation of offices is to be followed to provide privacy to the staff and visitors. •Zoning classification are to be considered to allow easy access and security of the facility since there are many users of the facility. •Remarkable design of the structure to live up to its name •Provision of waiting areas for the patients •Use green technology to apply with the trending facility needs as the office‘s vision for the state of the art facilities and competence to professionalism

According to the research study made on the specified users of National Commission for Culture and the Arts, elaborated and discussed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and the needs of the facility, although may not be accurately specified due to the large number of respondents and issues, the stated information and interpretation the researcher discovered what is needed in such facility; its problematic issues for development that causes downgrade and advantages, the progress of it to be able to adapt the present situation and future difficulties and demands of the field of Cultural Arts Government Agency.

It also found out that the future plans of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts for their office is to be relocated, using adaptive reuse, at the Metropolitan Theater in Lawton, Manila. It was an idea of the agency since the structure is a heritage site and why not use it as the agency of Cultural Arts of the Philippines. Their existing office is owned by another government office which will be swapped to another agency when the relocation pushes through.

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Chapter I.5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The National Commission for Culture and the Arts existing office building is working properly as a government agency. It has a facility intended for business environment. But the NCCA is not just a government agency but a Cultural Arts Government Agency. They cater all forms of arts‘ protection, preservation and awareness to the public. They provide workshops, performances, and exhibits and symposiums for the public and affiliated artists in order to promote cultural heritage significance. The existing building is intended for office environment but not for such activities. They do not have facilities that can cater the stated activities. Instead, they rent and conduct these acts on other places.

As a result, the researcher would strongly suggest a proposal of a new National Commission for Culture and the Arts Complex Building. Through this proposed solution, the public, visitors or tourists, students, employees, staff and other future government agency planners would be able to provide services at the finest quality possible and the expectation it can provide of a cultural arts agency because of the environment future artists, tourists, and employees has been experienced and undergone.

With the given relocation of the future complex office, the Metropolitan Theater, the researcher would use this as the new site and be evaluated and analysed on the remaining chapters of this study. The Metropolitan Theater is a heritage site and should be carefully considered due to its fragile values as a protected structure. The researcher proposes adaptive Page | 46

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reuse because re-using existing buildings for new functions has many sustainable, cultural, and economic advantages

Thus, the researcher recommends to study the following for the Metropolitan Theater usage: Contamination. To tell if that the structure would have a problem with occupancy since it has an issue regarding its well-being of the next users, or getting rid of the destroyed facilities. Architectural and Structural. To dictate if the structural presence already has architectural needs like openings, finishes, and design. And columns and beams for structural durability. Utility Systems. To address electric, plumbing and drainage system of the previous structure that are can be reuse or will cost less for the new development Site and Environment. To prove if the surrounding of the structure can give more options for new development due to its abandoned state. Laws. To help solidify the plans of the researcher if the structure can and when developed have restrictions in building code, or if the structure when converted or redeveloped complies with the new use. Zoning. To tell if the zoning can be an advantage or will limit the choice of development. Site Analysis. To have a concrete basis on how these facilities are feasible in terms of accessibility and how new development will likely to affect the surrounding community of the unused structure. Page | 47

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PART 2. RESEARCH FOCUS INTRODUCTION The researcher‘s focus at first was to propose a new office building for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts providing the specialized spaces, rooms with facilities intended for the NCCA quality service and adequately deliver their office‘s goals to the cultural arts which is to ensure that standards of excellence are pursued in programs and activities implementing policies herein stated, it shall encourage and support continuing discussion and debate through symposia, workshops, publications, etc., on the highest norms available in the matrix of Philippine culture. The proposal to relocate the office to a different site in which they can deliver their job more effectively by providing necessary changes that can help them execute their agency‘s objectives to the Philippine arts. And due to the results of the survey, the site has been proven problematic and there are a lot of wasted spaces. But many things have to be considered. And one of the primary considerations is the results from the interview from the officials of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts because the knowledge of the future idea for the office would be more reliable coming from a high position and could possible share insights about the special needs of the building. The result of the interview were highly reflected and the interviewees clarified that their future office relocation would be at Metropolitan Theater, an abandoned art deco building heritage structure located on Padre Burgos Avenue near the Manila Post office. The plan is to reuse the structure as the National Commission for Culture and the Arts new office.

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The agency wants it to become fully functional again, not to be a theatre but an office where people can go and also visit. Chapter II.1 RATIONALE And now, the study is not just to the concern of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts new complex building proposal but also for the adaptive reuse of the historical Metropolitan Theater. Studies of coherent information and basis will be presented by the researcher. The proponent aims to effectively use the Metropolitan Theater as the new office for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts that caters the special facility needs of a Cultural arts agency This study targets to adapt sustainable design and construction practices that will not only offer a green, conducive environment but also improve the work ethics of the employees, awareness of the tourists or visitors, and experience of the Filipino artists. The research focus aims to develop the current situation of the office in considering the special facilities needed and to become energy efficient and its ability to be a sustainable structure in order to help not just the office but also the environment.

The Metropolitan Theatre The Metropolitan Theatre was known to be a theatre building designed by Juan Arellano in an Art Deco architectural design. It is located in Padre Burgos Avenue corner Arroceros Street and was inaugurated in 1931. It is approximately 0.8 hectares and has 1,670 seating capacity.

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The Metropolitan Theater façade resembles a stage being framed by a prosceniumlike central window of stained glass which carries the name ―Metropolitan‖ with flora and fauna motif surrounding the label. This helps bring in light to the lobby. It was highlighted on both ends by the curving walls with colorful decorated tiles in resemblance with the batik patterns from Southeast Asia. There are also moldings of zigzag and wavy lines that go with the sponged and painted multi-colored massive walls. The wall that framed the stained glass is a segmented arch with rows of small finials on the upper edge of the wall. Angkor Wat-inspired minarets crown the top of the concave roof which suggested its status as a theater back in its prime days. Located in the entrance are elaborate wrought iron gates which are patterned into leaf designs and various lines. Accenting the ground level are Capiz lamps and banana-leaf formed pillars which go alternately with the theater‘s entrances. Currently, the Manila Metropolitan Theater continues to physically deteriorate because of the lack of historical consciousness and aesthetic sense of some according to the accounts of Montinola. Government Service Insurance System, and the National Commission for Culture and the Arts had an agreement in reviving the historical theatre

Chapter II.2 PRINCIPLES AND RELEVANCE TO THE PROJECT Re-using existing buildings for new functions has many sustainable, cultural, economic and place making advantages. The concept of adaptive re-use is simple – to re-use a building or structure for the purpose of giving it new life through a new function. The Page | 50

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advantages of adaptive re-use can be linked to a memory and cultural value rather than built heritage. These buildings have typically helped to form the identity of a place – often acting as a landmark or a way to describe, or to know that place. The use of the Metropolitan Theater is one of an example in which has many relevance to reusing it to a Government Cultural Arts agency because of cultural significance and similarities as well as concrete community value to it. Having a cultural arts government agency with complete facilities is important because it would provide our country an identity. It is important for a number of reasons because it influences an individual's life in a variety of ways, including values, views, desires, fears, views and worries. In addition, belonging to a culture provides people with a sense of identity, purpose and belonging. Thus they help us protect and secure the rights of our heritage, art, culture, and most importantly, the artists.

Chapter II.3 APPLICATION TO THE PROJECT The ODASA Design Review Journal has been into adaptive reuse converting old structures into offices. They have a lot of experiences and knowledge regarding the proposal and insights on what should happen in a particular project. Thus, the researcher was able to gather information regarding the application to the project: In forming an adaptive re-use project, there are several key ways to help ensure a successful project that meets and exceeds the expectations of client, owner, users and the Page | 51

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wider public. A well-loved heritage buildings tend to create strong views from the communities that surrounds them. The community, including those who were involved in the building‘s former life and those who live and work around it, will bring a greater sense of involvement and ownership in the project. A project design team needs to be put together at the earliest stage in the life of a project, and not after key decisions have been made, such as defining program, location, economic strategies and spatial planning. These early stages need creative design thinking as much as the design of eventual buildings and spaces. A design team should consist of not just as architects and landscape architects, but should include other consultants such as Heritage Consultants, building surveyors, structural engineers, builders, environmental scientists, quantity surveyors, economists, planning consultants, cost consultants, artists, and others to properly address issues of the problem. Seeking creative solutions to constraints that form the boundaries of any project, while budget is often a key constraint, the uses of the term constraint here apply more to the regulatory requirements that all projects operate within. The strategy used should seek to work creatively within these – this can only come from a detailed understanding of associated codes, standards, heritage listing and regulations. Understanding and then harnessing the latent quality of an existing structure, space or building is at the core of successful adaptive re-use projects. Successful adaptive re-use projects have intelligently sought, often through very careful study of the existing fabric, an approach that makes the most of the existing building. This approach can directly feed into a design methodology but can also inform how spaces are used. The use of original drawings, Page | 52

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and then those made for subsequent alterations and additions should be obtained in detail and to the fullest extent possible (including primary sources). These documents are essential in understanding the existing condition, and these along with multiple site visits and extensive new photographic records will assist in forming a comprehensive three dimensional understanding of what the current condition actually is. Buildings often reveal themselves during modifications and new works, and limiting the amount of surprise in the latent conditions will increase the design understanding of the project and reduce cost risk during construction. Quality is central to the process, in the design of the works and in the construction of the built outcome. Consistency of endeavour is needed to ensure quality, and this can be aided by maintaining key people on the project throughout its duration. Quality of process comes through the design of the strategy used in the project, which for an adaptive re-use project focuses around the qualities of the existing fabric and the potential of the site and the regulatory constraints offer in terms of design.

Project Implementation: Standards. The core economic advantage of re-use is not having to fund the construction of a new building. There can however be considerable costs in upgrading an existing building to meet current structural and other building codes. Compliance is a key area and this has seen considerable growth in recent years in terms of awareness and implementation. This covers everything from the height of balustrading to level access to all areas, as is the case in all buildings now except inside private dwellings. The extent to which Page | 53

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an existing building needs to be upgraded to meet requirements as new depends on the extent of works being performed and uses involved. This is typically resolved as a percentage of the modified or new area. Operating intelligently within these parameters, as well as others, can control cost involved in upgrades while still providing excellent outcomes. Such examples include the fire rating of the existing structure and the upgrading of an existing structure to meet current earthquake codes. Contamination and Demolition. Faced by all solutions to a site, either retention or demolition, it is important when considering the full economic case that the cost of doing nothing, or demolition is considered. There are different strategies for dealing with both inground and in-building contamination, with optimised treatment and enclosure being potential available. These more efficient models of addressing hazardous material issues are the result of strong engagement with specialist environmental engineers. Creative solutions can be found through comprehensive study and testing of existing locations to determine the extent of the affected area . New technologies in scanning, mapping and surveying assist this process but quality and comprehensive advice needs to drive this. In doing so, potentially prohibitive costs can be extensively reduced to increase viability. Procurement Method. Procurement methods for adaptive re-use projects face the same challenges as other types of projects. The process of procurement of a well-designed building starts with the appointment of a quality design team. From there, procurement refers to the management of the construction of a building to its completion. It involves not just the contractual method used, but also the execution of a built project from idea to delivery and on to operation. The method by which a building project is Procured has a significant impact Page | 54

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on the quality of the final building. While good design can be achieved with all procurement methods, some make it challenging if the potential threats to design quality are not understood or well managed. Watch Points. Blending of skills should be an advantage. Use of crossgenerational teams can encourage a strong combination of experience and innovation, both of which can assist project success. The extent of adaptation should be settled. One particular approach to the use of existing buildings can be noted for its inherent problems – the method of retention of facades only. Building Services particularly the heating and cooling, need to be carefully considered when undertaking an adaptive re-use project. The implications around re-servicing the building should be carefully considered and questioned. If handled poorly, considerable cost implications and poor design outcomes may occur thus consideration around comfort.

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PART 3. SITE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS Chapter III.1 SITE SELECTION PROCESS The site dictates almost everything that follows, from transportation access and environmental impact; to the national government‘s involvement with local initiatives and economies; to the placement, form, and cost of the building. The selected site has a major impact on the customer agency in terms of convenience, access, and the quality of the work environment. It also has an impact on the project‘s initial and life cycle costs and on the community‘s economy, sense of place, and social fabric. The selection of suitable site is a crucial step in the design of a building. Hazards should always be the first thing to consider when choosing a site together with the influence of the ground conditions. No site can be expected to be ideal in all aspects, yet the choice of site will involve judgement about the criteria made and considered which will be appropriate for the new site.

I.

Criteria for Site Selection There are many kinds of criteria for selection depending on the proposed project but

for the National Commission for Culture and Arts office, these are the basic needs that must be present and considered:

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Site contours First to be taken into consideration is the contour of the site to be relocated as it would affect the possibility of hazardous accidents like landslides. It should tell if its buildable or not. The connectivity to the main road and other sub roads The distances from the major landmarks such as: 

Shopping centres



Railway Station



Airport



Bus stand



Schools



Church

Geological and hydrological structure of the site

Accessibility to the site The main entrances and the main road abutting the site also has to be noted. Easy accessibility to the site is very important for any kind of project. But of course, the significance varies if we are to compare an industrial project with residential project.

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Major Landmarks After spotting the major landmarks, analyze the integrity of their existence in close proximity to the site. It is essential to know as to what kind of impact these structures would have on our site. Orientation of the site Mark the orientation of site. Orientation of site will help you in orienting the structure correctly in the process of designing. Economic feasibility The site location and detailed site analysis will give you an idea of the economic feasibility of the project. It means that the type of building or construction you are looking forward to proposing on that site would be a successful venture or not depending on the conditions of the site. Sustainability Factors Apart from environmental Sustainability, we are also looking at Sustainability in terms of construction. 

Energy Efficiency



Water Efficiency



Material Efficiency

Site Services Study of services on site is also very important. The major site services include: 1.

Water Supply

2.

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3.

Drainage Lines

After the absolute study of the site, one can conclude on the kind of project to be executed, its feasibility and also its sensitivity to be shown towards designing the structure and the site as well.

Historic Properties For the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, this criterion is to be their most desired as it would reflect the means of their office and believing that they can promote preservation of heritage sites. Projects that use historic sites and buildings can serve as examples for successful reclamation and reuse of cultural/historic resources and signal the government‘s commitment to historic preservation, sustainability, and local communities. These kinds of projects set forth the federal government‘s commitment to provide leadership in the preservation of historic resources and to foster conditions where modern development can coexist with historic properties. The architectural and cultural attributes of historic buildings and sites must be considered to ensure that projects are carried out with a minimum adverse effect on qualities that contribute to their significance.

II.

Site Options During the interview made with Mr. Edison Molinada and Ms. Caroline Mizal, they

made clear that the site relocation of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Page | 59

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would be on the Metropolitan Theater in Manila. Providing other selection for the site is disregarded since the office has already suggested a site of relocating their office at the historical site, Metropolitan Theater. For now, it is an idea that will soon happen. The NCCA is just waiting for the approval of the GSIS to pursue the relocation. The National Commission for Culture and the Arts gave the researcher a copy of the architectural plans and details of the existing Metropolitan Theater and necessary documents that would be able to help pursue the project relocation and using the old theatre to become the new home of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts.

III.

Site Justification Even with the given site, the Metropolitan Theater, it still meets the criteria of the site

selection process. The contour of the site is buildable, main road connectivity which is the Padre Burgos Street, is adjacent to the site, distance to landmarks like Manila Post office, SM Manila, LRT Central Station, and Park n Ride Bus Terminal are near. Thus, the geological characteristic of the site is still habitable. Also, the historic value of this site suits well for the new office of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts since one of their advocacy is to preserve heritage site and protect them from decay. Using it again to serve another purpose is better than leaving it abandoned. Significant advantages exist for adaptive re-use projects in terms of the planning environment. Any retained urban material can assist in dealing with change and impacts in both existing and the new usage proposal of the structure– with most planning controls looking for changes in a manner consistent with existing character. Adaptive re-use projects, Page | 60

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even those where buildings is considerably altered, offers an anchor in planning process that deals with change, while still allow for modification, extension and change of use. Memory and Place. The years of use of the Metropolitan Theater has had represents a set of cultural and personal memories of its life and that, which happen in and around it. Although cultural heritage is different from architectural heritage, both are very important. An older building can be an unremarkable building for its time, but the cultural value can sit in its original use, its history and changes of use. By retaining, rethinking and reworking the Metropolitan Theater, the history can still continue in physical form, and be added to the value of memory that serves to create a sense of place. The character of a place is hard to create, and so to draw from the past, even the relatively recent past, can help form identity and belonging for a community. Vicinity. Conclusion where both the new and old structure is changed tends to be considered favourably by the different assessment arms of planning – built form, urban design and heritage. Changing something that was there for a long period of time would make the community confused as to it might alter the use and environment of a particular place. Issues around change of use, at the heart of adaptive re-use, are also controlled by planning schemes and the zoning typically controls the use. In the case of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, it is evidently to be used as an office yet specialized as a cultural complex which the area fits perfectly. Environmental Sustainability. In terms of environmental sustainability, the simple act of reusing the Metropolitan Theater significantly reduces the energy that may be consumed during construction compared with demolition and then the creation of a new building. The Page | 61

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used energy in the existing building is not lost while most adaptive re-use projects involve some new building work, the amount of energy consumed and building material used is significantly less than that of constructing a new building. Social Sustainability. Maintaining heritage and familiar environment helps to maintain evident links to the past. The broad aims of social sustainability can be enhanced through adaptive re-use projects. By not breaking evident links to the past, the former lives of buildings and places, unified social bridges can be maintained and enhanced. Entirely new built environments can appear uncomfortable to those who have been involved in some way with the former life of a place. Maintaining the links while encouraging diversity is achieved through adaptive re-use projects that layer new and old meanings onto each other. The past should be embraced while addressing current and future needs through design and integration of contemporary social standards, particularly those around equity. Core social values such as pride, memory and participation can all be enhanced by careful consideration of adaptive re-use strategies. Efficiency and Authenticity. A major strength of an adaptive re-use approach is the benefit brought by the idea and consideration of authenticity. Many entirely new environments, where exterior spaces, streets and buildings are made new – lack a narrative and identity. Providing a not-so different purpose for the Metropolitan theatre would be beneficial to the environment. Re-purposed and re-occupied older buildings typically offer a greater sense of authenticity than new ones. The sense of a place having a history and memory gives it a head start in cultural and economic value.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

The many heritage places will continue to contribute to the character and vitality of our cities and towns by being well used, well maintained, conserved or adaptively reused, and complemented by contemporary architecture that will form the heritage of tomorrow. Thus, making the Metropolitan Theater become fully functional, alive, and working not just an old abandoned structure but an office that aims preservation and protection for heritage sites. There are many features met by applying adaptive reuse to a historical site more over using it as an office of cultural agency where preservation of heritage is one of their main goals. Such structure would be in good hands if it will house an agency that tends to protect is cultural value. Chapter III.2 SITE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS Site Analysis is very important before we initiate our construction. Detailed study of site and its surroundings will help justify our design proposal. Detailed study of the site and surrounding areas of the site helps in designing the project efficiently.

I.

The Macro Setting The Metropolitan Theater is located in the City of Manila. is the capital and second

largest city of the Philippines. The city of Manila is located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay and is bordered by the cities of Navotas and Caloocan to the north; Quezon City and San Juan to the northeast; Mandaluyong to the east; Makati to the southeast, and Pasay the south. It has a total population of 1,652,171 according to the 2010 census. Manila (and more Page | 63

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

broadly, Metro Manila) is the economic and political capital of the Philippines, home to extensive commerce and some of the most historically and culturally significant landmarks in the country, as well as the seat of the executive and judicial branches of the government. Modern American scholars have listed Manila as a Beta+ global city but historically, Manila is among the world's original Global Cities alongside Madrid and Mexico.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Park n’ Ride Bus Terminal Light Rail Transit Central Station University of Manila Manila Plaza (KKK) Manila City Hall SM Manila Mapua Institute of Technology Lyceum Manila Manila Post Office To Binondo

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

To Santa Cruz To Quiapo To Taft Avenue Philippine Red Cross Manila Cathedral

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

The Metropolitan Theater‘s exact location is Padre Burgos Avenue corner Arroceros Street. It is an old abandoned building but it gained a heritage value because of the historical background and age of the structure. The Macro Setting of the theater is very diverse. It consists of major roads, railways, and public transportation terminals. Besides road access, it has particular landmarks of Manila which are the Manila Post Office, Manila City Hall, SM Manila and Lawton. These landmarks are very accessible areas and easy for the pedestrians to reach. There are different kinds of establishments found within the vicinity of the site. Also, it is in the middle of a main road where most public vehicles cross; from Quezon City going to Buendia, the site is in the middle making it a busy area especially on rush hours because most vehicles pass through the area. The site has many advantages in terms of access. It is near a mall, terminals, and schools. Also, the Metropolitan Theater is a landmark itself and a vista for the commuters who pass by.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

II.

The Micro Setting

The Metropolitan Theater is an old abandoned building but it gained a heritage value because of the historical background and age of the structure. At the closer look with the Metropolitan Theater, we can see the access points to the inside of the structure. There are five access points to the theatre and the main entrance can be found in the middle of the façade. Entry points are labelled as the yellow arrows. These points are from the front and the rear of structure. The traffic of vehicles is labelled as the colored blocks. The Red block is the Main road coming from Quiapo going to Manila City Hall. It has intense traffic since it is the major passage of the city. The purple block on the other hand is lesser traffic because a few Page | 66

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

vehicles pass through it. It is parallel to the road going to Manila City Hall but a few pass through it due to the narrow carriage way and many pedestrian walk there because of the of the LRT Central Station. The orange block represents the pedestrian traffic. The Park n Ride Terminal is situated at that area and most commuters wait for the public vehicles at that location. There are many users at the particular place especially during rush hours.

Below are pictures of the existing condition of the Metropolitan Theater taken at the year of 2013

The backstage of the main theatre

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Looking through the stage from the audience

Looking through the audience, main floor and mezzanine, from the stage

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

The main entrance to the theatre

Hallway to going to the Ballroom Hall

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Ballroom Hall

III.

Related Laws and Ordinances Using the Metropolitan Theater for an adaptive reuse construction of proposal, there

are many laws to be considered since it has cultural heritage value. Getting our heritage to survive the ages keeps alive the collection of cultural markers that set Filipinos apart as a unique people. They show our future generations what our shared Filipino identity is, establishing a sense of national pride so necessary to keep us centered during the current globalization process. Therefore, it is essential to keep the total heritage picture alive, an entire range of cultural markers produced by Filipino culture over the ages Although the awareness for heritage preservation has been increasing in the past decade, cultural heritage is still mostly unappreciated by a nation whose narrow view focuses on the present. Little realization exists that looking to the past to understand, to remember, and to preserve heritage is the groundwork for planning for the future of the country. The

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

paradigm exists that a country still in the development struggle has no place or budget to preserve the old, the traditional, and the historic. With the particular issue, there are certain laws that must be taken into account and considered. One is the UNESCO‘s Philippine Cultural Heritage Law 1994 which aims to provide for the protection and preservation of the Philippine Cultural Heritage. In the last few years there has been a growing realization and emphasis on the importance of our built heritage. The role it plays in linking us with our past and being a tangible reminder of our history. There is also the recognition as to the economic potential for such structures and places (even the run down ones) that still has a number of historical and heritage structures in existence. Group tours have been popular for a number of years now to see these forgotten gems. There is also a law that was passed which is Republic Act No. 10066 also known as the ‖National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009― that will further help in safeguarding our heritage. Heritage awareness and appreciation has come a long way thanks to the efforts of various individuals who have greatly helped in their own way and through the efforts of the Heritage Conservation Society (HCS) whom the researcher believe future generations of Filipinos will owe a debt of gratitude for the efforts exerted and done in helping conserve what is part of our collective tangible memory and patrimony. There are other laws to be discovered and identified through the making of this study and it will be further discussed.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Chapter III.3 SITE DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS I.

Site Analysis Site Analysis is very important before we initiate our construction. Detailed study of

site and its surroundings will help justify our design proposal. Detailed study of the site and surrounding areas of the site helps in designing the project efficiently.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

Existing Metropolitan Theater Floor Plan

II.

Proposed Site Development Plan The following diagrams that will be shown are the Site Development Plan Schemes

for the interior spaces of the new complex office building of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Adaptive reuse will be applied in this project to preserve the Metropolitan Theater‘s identity. Spaces are color coded and positioned accordingly fitting on to the existing Metropolitan Theater.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

OFFICE MUSEUM WORKSHOP ROOM THEATER PUBLIC HALLWAY

1st Scheme

The first scheme made by the researcher considered the existing entrances to the building. The office was positioned at the front to show that they are in authority of the structure. Museum was placed at the side to control the pedestrian traffic and the main theatre is to be maintained because of its cultural value and would serve also as a living museum thus can also be used for theatrical and auditorium purposes.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

OFFICE MUSEUM WORKSHOP ROOM THEATER RENTABLE OFFICE SPACE BALLROOM/ BACKSTAGE

2nd Scheme

The second scheme for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts complex office would be fronting the museum to attract tourists and visitors. At the side would be the offices, NCCA and the rentable space. The theatre would still be maintained and at its back is the ballroom or can be the backstage of the theatre.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

OFFICE MUSEUM WORKSHOP ROOM THEATER RENTABLE OFFICE SPACE BALLROOM/ BACKSTAGE CAFETERIA

3rd Scheme

The made third scheme follows almost the same layout of the second scheme, only adding the cafeteria at the rear side of the structure. Locating the commercial space at the rear side is beneficial due to the adjacent establishment at the back is a public transportation terminal and there are many commuters passing by the area. Also, the spaces that was not shown in the diagram depicts that it will be located on the higher floors to apply the zoning privacy and divisions of the spaces. Page | 76

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

OFFICE MUSEUM WORKSHOP ROOM THEATER RENTABLE OFFICE SPACE BALLROOM/ BACKSTAGE CAFETERIA PARKING

4th Scheme

The fourth scheme is the compilation of ideas from scheme 1 to scheme 3. The main entrance, two arrows in the middle, fetches the main lobby of the structure. There would be a receptionist and security to properly assist the tourist and visitors. From the lobby, separates the functions of the building. To its left, the museum, to its right, the workshop area or rooms, and going forward is the theatre where performers can showcase their talents in the historical Metropolitan Theater. The backstage would still be there and near the service Page | 77

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

facilities thus, parking areas. The offices would be located at the side of the building to give privacy to the work environment and lessen pedestrian traffic at these areas. The Metropolitan Theater is too big to cater one facility and the reason of incorporating such specialized facilities to the structure would enlighten and inspire people to visit and still relive the Metropolitan Theater, not an abandoned structure, but a place where cultural arts is given an importance.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

APPENDICES

Every researcher plans strategies and provides tools to its people so that together they can excel in gathering data and knowledge regarding the proposal. The researcher created appropriate reporting system to monitor their study. Here are a few legal formats that will be sufficient to answer queries regarding the study.

These are list of questions, information, documents and official acknowledgement for the proponent, researcher and visitors of the proposed topic.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

National Commission for Culture and the Arts Proposed New Complex Building

INTERVIEW Name: Age: Location:

Gender: Affiliation:

1. How long have you been working in the National Commission for Culture and the Arts? 2. Are there any plans for the office? 3. What services does the office offer? Should offer? 4. Are the offices adequate for the population of the agency? 5. Do public people have business with the office? 6. Do you have any problem with the location of the office? 7. Is there any plan on relocation or redevelopment of the office in the future? 8. Are there any lacking facilities that the office should have? 9. Are there any architectural problems you experience? 10. Privacy Issues? 11. What do you think about the sustainable application for your office? 12. Are there any ideas on what you want to happen with the office? 13. Will they be able to fund themselves? 14. Are there any existing floor plans? 15. Historical Background of the site? 16. What special facilities do they require? 17. Advice.

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

National Commission for Culture and the Arts Proposed New Complex Building

SURVEY FOR VISITORS Name: Age: Location:

Gender: Affiliation:

1. How long have you been visiting in the National Commission for Culture and the Arts?

□ Just now/ Rarely

□ Sometimes

□ Monthly

□ Yearly

2. How happy are you with the office?

□ Very Satisfied

□ Satisfied □ Not Satisfied

□ Disappointed

3. How are the facilities accommodating the services they offer?

□ Very Satisfied

□ Satisfied □ Not Satisfied

□ Disappointed

4. How heavy is the traffic in the vicinity?

□ Very Satisfied

□ Satisfied □ Not Satisfied

□ Disappointed

5. Does the environment (noise, vista, etc) from the outside affect the inside environment?

□ No

□ A little

□ Yes

□ Disturbing

6. How comfortable are you with the office?

□ Very Satisfied

□ Satisfied □ Not Satisfied

□ Disappointed

7. Do you wish for a redevelopment?

□ Yes

□ Maybe

□ No

8. Advice or comments: Page | 81

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT

National Commission for Culture and the Arts Proposed New Complex Building

SURVEY Name: Age: Location: 1.

Gender: Affiliation:

How long have you been working in the National Commission for Culture and the Arts?

□ 6 months or less □ 6 mo. to a year 2.

How happy are you with the office?

□ Very Satisfied 3.

□ Satisfied □ Not Satisfied □ Satisfied □ Not Satisfied □ Satisfied □ Not Satisfied □ Satisfied □ Not Satisfied □ A little

□ Disturbing

□ Satisfied □ Not Satisfied

□ Disappointed

Do you wish for a redevelopment?

□ Yes 9.

□ Yes

How comfortable are you with the office?

□ Very Satisfied 8.

□ Disappointed

Does the environment (noise, vista, etc) from the outside affect the office environment?

□ No 7.

□ Disappointed

How heavy is the traffic in the vicinity?

□ Very Satisfied 6.

□ Disappointed

How adequate is the building space in your office?

□ Very Satisfied 5.

□ Disappointed

How are the facilities accommodating the services you offer?

□ Very Satisfied 4.

□ 1 to 5 years □ greater than 5 years

□ Maybe

□ No

Advice or comments: Page | 82

Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

TAX DECLARATION OF THE METROPOLITAN THEATER: (taken from the Manila City Hall)

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THE NCCA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TO THE PROPOSAL:

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Proposed Approach on Adaptive Reuse of the Metropolitan Theater for the National Commission for Culture and the Arts Cultural Complex Building De Guzman, Jonah Neill Bryan D.

SCREEN CAPTURED E-MAIL FROM THE NCCA:

The researcher was asking for insights and help regarding his proposal and fortunately, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts is very responsive and willing to extend all help possible.

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