Dbms Lab Programs
Short Description
dbms lab manual program queries sql queries nested quereies...
Description
DDL COMMANDS CREATE COMMAND:
SQL> create table sub (name varchar(8),age number(5),mark1 number(4),mark2 number(4), 2 mark3 number(4)); Table created. DESC COMMAND : SQL> desc sub; Name Null? Type --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- ------------------------------------------------------NAME VARCHAR2(8) AGE NUMBER(5) MARK1 NUMBER(4) MARK2 NUMBER(4) MARK3 NUMBER(4) ALTER COMMAND:
1)ADD COMMAND : SQL> alter table sub add(total number(6)); Table altered. SQL> desc sub; Name Null? Type --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- ------------------------------------------------------NAME VARCHAR2(8) AGE NUMBER(5) MARK1 NUMBER(4) MARK2 NUMBER(4) MARK3 NUMBER(4) TOTAL NUMBER(6) RENAME COMMAND:
SQL> rename sub to subha; Table renamed. SQL> desc subha; Name --------------------------------------------------NAME AGE MARK1 MARK2
Null? Type --------------- -------- -----------VARCHAR2(8) NUMBER(5) NUMBER(4)
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2)MODIFY COMMAND: SQL> alter table sub modify(mark3 number(6)); Table altered. SQL> desc sub; Name Null? Type --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- ------------------------------------------------------NAME VARCHAR2(8) AGE NUMBER(5) MARK1 NUMBER(4) MARK2 NUMBER(4) MARK3 NUMBER(6) TOTAL NUMBER(4) MARK3 NUMBER(6) TOTAL NUMBER(6) TRUNCATE COMMAND:
SQL> truncate table subha; Table truncated. SQL> desc sub; ERROR: ORA-04043: object sub does not exist
DROP COMMAND: SQL> drop table subha;
Table dropped. SQL> desc subha; ERROR: ORA-04043: object subha does not exist
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DQL COMMANDS
SQL> create table sub (name varchar(8),age number(5),mark1 number(4),mark2 number(4), 2 mark3 number(4)); Table created. SQL> insert into sub values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3'); values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3'); Enter value for name: sachin Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark2: 90 Enter value for mark3: 90 old 1: insert into sub values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3') new 1: insert into sub values('sachin','12','90','90','90') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for name: sachin Enter value for age: 22 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark2: 89 Enter value for mark3: 78 old 1: insert into sub values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3') new 1: insert into sub values('sachin','22','90','89','78') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for name: ranjan Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for mark1: 89 Enter value for mark2: 78 Enter value for mark3: 80 old 1: insert into sub values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3') new 1: insert into sub values('ranjan','21','89','78','80') 1 row created.
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SQL> / Enter value for name: gayathri Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for mark1: 78 Enter value for mark2: 89 Enter value for mark3: 90 old 1: insert into sub values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3' values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3')) new 1: insert into sub values('gayathri','12','78','89','90') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for name: rajini Enter value for age: 22 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark2: 87 Enter value for mark3: 56 old 1: insert into sub values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3') new 1: insert into sub values('rajini','22','90','87','56') 1 row created.
SELECT COMMAND: TYPE 1: SQL> select * from sub;
NAME AGE MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------sachin 12 90 90 90 sachin 22 90 89 78 ranjan 21 89 78 80 gayathri 12 78 89 90 rajini 22 90 87 56 TYPE 2: SQL> select name,age from sub;
NAME -------- ---------sachin 12 sachin 22 ranjan 21 gayathri 12 rajini 22
AGE
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TYPE 3: SQL> select distinct name from sub; NAME -------gayathri rajini ranjan sachin TYPE 4: SQL> select * from sub where mark2=90;
NAME AGE MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------sachin 12 90 90 90 SQL> delete from sub where name='sachin';
2 rows deleted. SQL> select * from sub;
NAME AGE MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------ranjan 21 89 78 80 gayathri 12 78 89 90 rajini 22 90 87 56 TYPE 5: SQL> select name from sub order by name;
NAME -------gayathri rajini ranjan TYPE 6: SQL> select name from sub order by name desc; NAME -------ranjan rajini
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LOGICAL OPERATION SQL> select * from sub ;
NAME AGE MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------ranjan 21 89 78 80 gayathri 12 78 89 90 rajini 22 90 87 56 sachin 12 89 90 78 ram 21 90 67 78
AND OPERATION: SQL> select * from sub where name='rajini' and age=22;
NAME AGE MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------rajini 22 90 87 56 SQL> select * from from sub where name='rajini' and age=21;
no rows selected OR OPERATION: SQL> select * from sub where name='ranjan' or age=21;
NAME AGE MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------ranjan 21 89 78 80 ram 21 90 67 78
NOT OPERATION:
SQL> select * from from sub where not name='ram'; name='ram';
NAME AGE MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------ranjan 21 89 78 80 gayathri 12 78 89 90 rajini 22 90 87 56 sachin 12 89 90 78
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SET OPERATION
SQL> create table root (name varchar(8),age number(5),mark1 number(4),mark2 number(4), 2 mark3 number(5)); Table created. SQL> insert into root values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3'); Enter value for name: sachin Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for mark1: 89 Enter value for mark2: 89 Enter value for mark3: 90 old 1: insert into root values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3') new 1: insert into root values('sachin','12','89','89','90' values('sachin','12','89','89','90')) 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for name: kalai Enter value for age: 20 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark2: 90 Enter value for mark3: 78 old 1: insert into root values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3') new 1: insert into root values('kalai','20','90','90','78') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for name: rani Enter value for age: 18 Enter value for mark1: 78 Enter value for mark2: 77 Enter value for mark3: 67 old 1: insert into root values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3') new 1: insert into root values('rani','18','78','77','67') 1 row created.
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Enter value for age: 20 Enter value for mark1: 90 Enter value for mark2: 90 Enter value for mark3: 90 old 1: insert into root values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3') new 1: insert into root values('gokul','20','90','90','90') 1 row created. SQL> select * from root;
NAME AGE MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------------------------sachin 12 89 89 90 kalai 20 90 90 78 rani 18 78 77 67 kalam 32 90 90 89 gokul 20 90 90 90 SQL> select * from sub;
NAME AGE MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------------------------------ranjan 21 89 78 80 gayathri 12 78 89 90 rajini 22 90 87 56 sachin 12 89 90 78 ram 21 90 67 78
UNION COMMAND: SQL> select name,age from sub union select name,age from root; NAME AGE -------- ---------------gayathri 12 gokul 20 kalai 20 kalam 32 rajini 22
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gayathri rajini sachin ram sachin kalai rani kalam gokul
12 22 12 21 12 20 18 32 20
10 rows selected.
INTERSECT: SQL> select name from sub intersect select name from root; NAME -------sachin
MINUS: SQL> select name from sub minus select name from root; NAME -------gayathri rajini ram ranjan
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SUB QUERIES SQL> create table emp(ename varchar(12),eno number(7),deptno number(2)); Table created. SQL> insert into emp values('&ename','&eno','&deptno'); Enter value for ename: navee Enter value for eno: 1001 Enter value for deptno: 10 old 1: insert into emp values('&ename','&eno','&deptno') new 1: insert into emp values('navee','1001','10') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for ename: arun Enter value for eno: 2001 Enter value for deptno: 20 old 1: insert into emp values('&ename','&eno','&deptno') new 1: insert into emp values('arun','2001','20') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for ename: puneeth Enter value for eno: 3001 Enter value for deptno: 30 old 1: insert into emp values('&ename','&eno','&deptno') new 1: insert into emp values('puneeth','3001','30') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for ename: gayathri Enter value for eno: 4001 Enter value for deptno: 40 old 1: insert into emp values('&ename','&eno','&deptno') new 1: insert into emp values('gayathri','4001','40')
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SQL> / Enter value for deptno: 30 Enter value for place: mumbai old 1: insert into dep1 values('&deptno','&place') new 1: insert into dep1 values('30','mumbai') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for deptno: 40 Enter value for place: delhi old 1: insert into dep1 values('&deptno','&place') new 1: insert into dep1 values('40','delhi') 1 row created. SQL> select * from emp; ENAME ENO DEPTNO ------------ ---------- --------------------navee 1001 10 arun 2001 20 puneeth 3001 30 gayathri 4001 40 SQL> select * from dep1; DEPTNO PLACE ---------- -----------------20 chennai 30 mumbai 40 delhi
IN COMMAND: SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno in(select deptno from dep1); ENAME ENO ------------ ---------arun 2001 puneeth
3001
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SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno < all(select deptno from dep1); ENAME ENO ------------ ---------------navee 1001 SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno>= all(select deptno from dep1); ENAME ENO ------------ ----------------gayathri 4001 SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno select ename,eno from emp where deptno=all(select deptno deptno from dep1); no rows selected SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno all(select deptno from dep1); ENAME ENO ------------ ---------------navee 1001
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ENAME ENO ------------ ----------------arun 2001 puneeth gayathri 4001
3001
SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptno=any(select deptno from dep1); ENAME ENO ------------ -----------------arun 2001 puneeth gayathri 4001
3001
SQL> select ename,eno from emp where deptnoany(select deptno from dep1); ENAME ENO ------------ ---------------navee 1001 arun 2001 puneeth gayathri 4001
3001
EXISTS COMMAND : SQL> select ename,eno from emp where exists(select deptno from dep); ENAME ENO ------------ ----------------navee 1001
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CONSTRAINTS
NOT NULL:
SQL> create table cool1(name char(15),reg number not null,age number,place char(12)); Table created. SQL> insert into cool1 values('&name',®,&age,'&place'); Enter value for name: ram Enter value for reg: 1001 Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for place: delhi old 1: insert into cool1 values('&name',®,&age,'&place') new 1: insert into cool1 values('ram',1001,21,'delhi') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for name: krish Enter value for reg: null Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for place: thane old 1: insert into cool1 values('&name',®,&age,'&place') new 1: insert into cool1 values('krish',null,21,'thane') insert into cool1 values('krish',null,21,'thane') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."COOL1"."REG")
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1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for name: kannan Enter value for reg: 1001 Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for place: delhi old 1: insert into cool2 values('&name',®,&age,'&place') new 1: insert into cool2 values('kannan',1001,21 values('kannan',1001,21,'delhi') ,'delhi') insert into cool2 values('kannan',1001,21,'delhi') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-00001: unique constraint (SCOTT.GG) violated
SQL> select * from cool2;
NAME REG AGE PLACE -------------- ---------- ---------- ------- praveen 1001 21 dehradun SQL> insert into cool2 values('&name',®,&age,'&place'); Enter value for name: subha Enter value for reg: null Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for place: guwahati old 1: insert into cool2 values('&name',®,&age,'&place') new 1: insert into cool2 values('subha',null,21,'guwahati') 1 row created.
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SQL> insert into into cool2 values('&name',®,&age,'&place'); Enter value for name: ravish Enter value for reg: 1001 Enter value for age: 21 Enter value for place: hungary old 1: insert into cool2 values('&name',®,&age,'&place') new 1: insert into cool2 values('ravish',1001,21,'hunga values('ravish',1001,21,'hungary') ry') 1 row created. SQL> select * from cool2;
NAME REG AGE PLACE -------------- ---------- ---------- ------- praveen 1001 21 dehradun subha 21 guwahati ravish 1001 21 hungary CHECK:
SQL> create table cool3(name char(15),regno number,age number,place char(14),check 2 (place in('chennai','mumbai','delhi'))); Table created. SQL> insert into cool3 values('&name',®no,&age,'&place'); Enter value for name: gayathri Enter value for regno: 1002 Enter value for age: 21
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DEFAULT:
SQL> create table cool5(name char(14),reg char(14),reg number,age number primary key, 2 place char(13) char(13) default('kashmir')); Table created.
SQL> insert into cool5(name,reg,age) values ('jamuna',1006,23); 1 row created. SQL> select * from cool5;
NAME REG AGE PLACE -------------- ---------- ---------- ------------ jamuna 1006 23 kashmir
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old 1: insert into cool4 values('&name',®no,&age,'&place') new 1: insert into cool4 values('ganesh',1005,nu values('ganesh',1005,null,'panipet') ll,'panipet') insert into cool4 values('ganesh',1005,null,'panipet') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SCOTT"."COOL4"."AGE") SQL> create table cool6(name char(14),reg number,age number,place char(13),primary key(name,age)); Table created. SQL> insert into cool6 values('&name',®no,&age,'&place'); Enter value for name: guna Enter value for regno: 1004 Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for place: pune old 1: insert into cool6 values('&name',®no,&age,'&place') new 1: insert into cool6 values('guna',1004,12,'pun values('guna',1004,12,'pune') e') 1 row created.
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SQL> create table ch_cool(name char(12),des char(9) references par_cool(des)); Table created. SQL> > insert into par_cool values('&name',&age,'&des'); SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "> insert i..." - rest of line ignored. SQL> insert into par_cool values('&name',&age,'&des'); Enter value for name: arun Enter value for age: 12 Enter value for des: MD old 1: insert into par_cool values('&name',&age,'&des') new 1: insert into par_cool values('arun',12,'MD') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for name: kumar Enter value for age: 13 Enter value for des: GM old 1: insert into par_cool values('&name',&age,'&des') new 1: insert into par_cool values('kumar',13,'GM')
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Enter value for name: ranjan Enter value for des: GM old 1: insert into ch_cool values('&name','&des') new 1: insert into ch_cool values('ranjan','GM') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for name: kannan Enter value for des: steno old 1: insert into ch_cool values('&name','&des') new 1: insert into ch_cool values('kannan','steno') insert into ch_cool values('kannan','steno') * ERROR at line 1: ORA-02291: integrity constraint (SCOTT.SYS_C004287) violated - parent key not found
SQL> select * from par_cool;
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SQL> select * from ch_cool; NAME DES ------------ --------ranjan GM SQL> select * from par_cool;
NAME AGE DES ------------ ---------- --------arun 12 MD kumar 13 GM SQL> delete from par_cool where des='MD';
1 row deleted. SQL> select * from par_cool;
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DML & DCL COMMANDS SQL> create table sub (name (name varchar(8),age number(5),mark1 number(5),mark1 number(4),mark2 number(4), 2 mark3 number(4)); Table created. INSERT COMMAND: TYPE 1: SQL> insert into sub values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3'); values('&name','&age','&mark1','&mark2','&mark3');
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sachin ranjan ram
12 22 20
78 89 90
78 78 90
67 65 98
TYPE 3: SQL> insert into sub values ('gayathri',13,90,100,98); 1 row created. SQL> select * from sub;
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sachin ranjan ram gayathri
12 13 20 13
78 89 90 90
SQL> select avg(mark1) from sub; AVG(MARK1) ---------86.75
78 78 90 100
67 65 98 98
223 232 278 288
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JOINS SQL>create table emp1(ename char(10),eno number(3),mangerno number(3)); Table created. SQL> insert into emps1 values('&ename',&eno,&emangerno); Enter value for ename: naga Enter value for eno: 101 Enter value for emangerno: 121
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Enter value for salary: 10000 Enter value for location: chennai old 1: insert into customers1 values(&eno,&salary,'&location') new 1: insert into customers1 values(101,10000,'chennai') 1 row created. SQL> / Enter value for eno: 111 Enter value for salary: 10500
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ram
121
131
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