David Hume

 

---------------------Kfvjk Kfvjk Eulb----------Eulb----------@ hucgj`cfojsl` goæssjg` (`u blpjrjstf)

Kfvjk Eulb rbg`rrb f ulf fm`rkfnbl hucgj`cfojstf pfrf rbsp`ckbr f` kbsfhj` gêtjg`. F` g`ctrærj` k` huckfgj`cfojsl` gfrtbsjfc`, qub bcgfrfvf f bxpbrjácgjf sbcsìvbo g`l bc`rlb suspbjtf, ` huckfgj`cfojsl` pr`p`st` p`r  Eulb Eu lb ftrj ftrjmu mujj ` bs bstf tftu tut` t` kb grbcîfs mæsjgfs  mæsjgfs  és grbcîfs qub pr`vál kf c`ssf bxpbrjácgjf sbcsìvbo jlbkjftf. jlbkjftf . Eulb g`o`gf cf bxpbrjácgjf sbcsìvbo ` lfj`r nrfu kb bvjkácgjf f bvjkácgjf f qub p`kbl`s fspjrfr qufck` sfmbl`s g`l` fs g`jsfs sç`. Fssjl, ` hucgj`cfojsl` goæs oæssjg sjg` hjg hjg`u tf tfl lmêl g` g`c ceb ebgj gjk k` p` p`rr huck huckfgj`c fgj`cfojsl fojsl` ` blpjr blpjrjstf jstf   `u blpjrjsl`.. @ huckfgj`cfojsl` gfrtbsjfc`, ulf vbz qub kuvjkf kf vbrfgjkfkb blpjrjsl` k` g`cebgjlbct` sbcsìvbo b g`csjkbrf qub s÷ ftrfvês kfs c`ssfs bvjkácgjfs rfgj`cfjs p`kbl`s fogfcîfr ul g`cebgjlbct` sbnur`, ê tflmêl kbsjncfk` p`r rfgj`cfojsl` rfgj`cfojsl`.. @ Yrjcgìpj` kf G÷pjf

Yfrf `s blpjrjstfs, ` g`ctbñk` kfs c`ssfs lbctbs tbl f suf `rjnbl cf bxpbrjácgjf. Eulb bsg`oebu ` tbrl` ‟pbrgbîòbs“ ‟pbrgbîòbs“ pfrf  pfrf kbsjncfr ` g`ctbñk` kfs c`ssfs lbctbs. Wbnuck` bstb, fs c`ssfs pbrgbîòbs p`kbl sbr kb k`js tjp`s1 

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Jlprbssòbs1 g`rrbsp`ckbl f`s kfk`s kf c`ssf bxpbrjácgjf Jlprbssòbs1 g`rrbsp`ckbl jlbkjftf44 jlbkjftf Jkbjfs1 sç` Jkbjfs1  sç` g÷pjfs bchrfqubgjkfs kfs jlprbssòbs qub surnbl qufck` rbg`rrbl`s é lbl`rjf `u é jlfnjcfîç` pfrf rbprbsbctfr fs c`ssfs jlprbssòbs pfssfkfs, sbck` lbc`s jctbcsfs b jctbcsfs b lbc`s vìvjkfs. vìvjkfs.

Eulb rbh`rîf bstf kjhbrbcîf ftrfvês k` g`ctrfstb bctrb sbctjr b pbcsfr. Jst` p`rqub, sbctjr ulf k`r ê lujt` kjhbrbctb kb rbg`rkfr ulf k`r sbctjkf fctbrj`rlbctb. Fssjl, Eulb rbh`rluof ` fctjn` prjcgìpj` frjst`têojg` kjzbck` qub t`kfs fs jkbjfs eulfcfs sç` g÷pjfs kb jlprbssòbs. Eulb austjhjgf austjhjgf f fgbj fgbjtfîç` tfîç` kbst kbstb b prjcg prjcgìpj`ìpj`- Yrjcgìpj` kf G÷pjf  G÷pjf  ‗ g`l mfsb cf jkbjf kb qub ul gbn` kb cfsgbcîf sbrjf gfpfz kb jlfnjcfr f g`r fzuo,  austflbctb p`rqub cç` cç` p`ssuj qufoqub qufoqubrr jlprbssç` qub g`rrbsp g`rrbsp`ckf `ckf f bssf g`r. Yfrf foêl kbstb frnulbct`, Eulb kbjxf-sb pbrsufkjr kb qub ` Yrjcgìpj` kf G÷pjf G÷p jf ê vbr vbrkfk kfkbjr bjr`, `, p`j p`js s cç cç` ` oeb pfr pfrbgb bgb sbr p`s p`ssìv sìvbo bo bcg bcg`ct `ctrfr rfr ul ñcj ñcjg` g` g`ctrfbxblpo` gfpfz g`ctrfbxblpo`  gfpfz kb ` rbhutfr.

Wbnuck` Eulb, bxjstbl jkbjfs sjlpobs b jkbjfs g`lpobxfs1

 

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Jkbjfs sjlpobs1 jlprbssòbs sjlpobs1 jlprbssòbs sjlpobs qub cç` p`kbl sbr kjvjkjkfs bl p`rîòbs lbc`rbs4 Jkbjfs g`lpobxfs1 g`lmjcfîòbs g`lpobxfs1 g`lmjcfîòbs kb kufs `u lfjs jkbjfs sjlpobs.

Bstfs Bstf s g` g`lm lmjc jcfî fîòb òbs s p` p`kb kbl l tb tbrr f su suf f `r `rjn jnbl bl cf lbl÷rjf lbl÷rjf,, qufck` qufck` fprb fp rbsb sbct ctfl fl f lb lbsl slf f g` g`ch chjn jnur urfî fîç` ç` qu qub b tj tjce cefl fl qu qufc fck` k` su surn rnjr jrfl fl cf bxpbrjácgjf,, `u p`kbl tbr f suf `rjnbl cf jlfnjcfîç` bxpbrjácgjf jlfnjcfîç`   qufck` g`rrbsp`ckbl f g`lmjcfîòbs jcêkjtfs kb jkbjfs sjlpobs. sjlpobs .  Fssjl, ftrfvês kf jlfnjcfîç` p`kbl`s g`ljcfr f h`rlf kb ul pbjxb g`l f h`rlf kb ulf luoebr b fssjl h`rlfr f sbrbjf.

Yrjcgìpj` kf G÷pjf [`kfs fs jkbjfs eulfcfs1  

@u sç` g÷pjfs kjrbtfs kfs jlprbssòbs g`rrbsp`ckbctbs4 @u sç` g`lp`stfs p`r jkbjfs lfjs sjlpobs qub, p`r suf vbz, sç` g÷pjfs kjrbtfs kfs jlprbssòbs g`rrbsp`ckbctbs.

F mjhurgfîç` kb Eulb

Eulb rbkuz t`k` ` g`cebgjlbct` eulfc` f = tjp`s1 rbofîòbs kb jkbjfs  jkbjfs  b qubstòbs kb hfgt`. hfgt`. Y`r g`csjkbrfr qub cf musgf kb g`cebgjlbct` bxjstbl fpbcfs = gfljce`s f sbnujr, bstf kjvjsç` hjg`u g`cebgjkf g`l` F mjhurgfîç` kb Eulb. Eulb. Y`kbl`s fprbsbctfr f kjstjcîç` bctrb rbofîòbs jkbjfs b qubstòbs kb hfgt` k` sbnujctb l`k`1  ]bofîòbs kb jkbjfs1 ê jkbjfs1 ê ` tjp` kb g`cebgjlbct` qub p`kb sbr `mtjk` fpbcfs lbkjfctb f fcæojsb k` sjncjhjgfk` k`s g`cgbjt`s bcv`ovjk`s culf pr`p`sjîç`4 

Vubstòbs kb hfgt`1 ê hfgt`1  ê ul tjp` `u kb sbaf, g`cebgjlbct` s÷ p`kb sbr `mtjk` ftrfvês kb jlprbssòbs, ftrfvês kfqub bxpbrjácgjf, b qub c`s h`rcbgb jch`rlfîç` vbrkfkbjrf fgbrgf k` luck`.

Eulb sustbctf qub fpbcfs ` g`cebgjlbct` s`mrb qubstòbs kb hfgt` c`s p`kb h`rcbgbr h`rcbgbr jch` jch`rlfîò rlfîòbs bs s`mr s`mrb b ` luck luck` ` , p`js fs rbofîòbs kb jkbjfs, blm`rf blm `rf bxp bxprbs rbssbl sbl vbr vbrkfk kfkbs bs cb cbgbs gbssær særjfs jfs,, rbh rbhbrb brbl-s l-sb b fpb fpbcfs cfs és rbof rbofîòb îòbs s bctrb `s sjncjhjgfk`s kfs jkbjfs bcv`ovjkfs, lfs cfkf kjzbl fgbrgf k` qub bxjstb.. Yfrf foêl kjst`, Eulb rbg`cebgb qub t`k` ` g`cebgjlbct` s`mrb bxjstb

 

qubstòbs kb hfgt` tbl kb sb mfsbfr cf bxpbrjácgjf, bxpbrjácgjf , `u g`rrb ` rjsg` kb cç` sbr lfjs ul g`cauct` kb sup`sjîòbs ejp`têtjgfs sbl qufoqubr huckflbct`. Eulb rbabjtf f g`cgousç` k` frnulbct` kf rbnrbssç` jchjcjtf , p`js, blm`rf rbg`cebîf qub fs c`ssfs gfkbjfs kb austjhjgfîòbs p`kbl rbnrbkjr  jchjcjtflb jchjc jtflbctb, ctb, kbjxf kbjxfck` ck` fs c`ss c`ssfs fs nrfck nrfckbs bs grbcî grbcîfs fs jcaus jcaustjhjg tjhjgfkfs, fkfs, tflm tflmêl êl fgrbkjtf qub bstfs p`kbl kbsblm`gfr cul hfgt` fut`bvjkbctb. fut`bvjkbctb.  F pfrtjr kbstf g`cstftfîç`, Eulb pr`pòb ul grjtêrj` pfrf fvfojfr ` vfo`r  kb ulf jcvbstjnfîç`1 

Gfs` sb trftb kb ulf jcvbstjnfîç` s`mrb qubstòbs kb hfgt`, tbræ kb sb mfsbfr kb fonulf h`rlf bl jlprbssòbs4

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Wb f jcv jcvbst bstjnf jnfîç` îç` cç` sb mfs mfsbfr bfr bl jlp jlprbs rbssò sòbs, bs, bct bctç` ç` cç cç` ` p`kbræ uotrfpfssfr ` ílmjt` kfs rbofîòbs kb jkbjfs.

 Fssjl Eulb pûkb g`cgoujr qub t`k` t`k` ` c` c`ss ss` ` g` g`ce cebg bgjl jlbc bct` t` k` luck` sb mfsbjf cbgbssfrjflbc cbgbssfrjflbctb tb jlprbssòbs jlprbssòbs..

Yrjcgìpj`s kb fss`gjfîç` kb jkbjfs

Eulb pr`gur`u bstfmbobgbr `s prjcgìpj`s kb jkbjfs cf lbctb eulfcf. Cf suf `pjcjç`, bxjstbl trás prjcgìpj`s kb fss`gjfîç` kb jkbjfs1   F sblboefcîf11 qufck` fs jkbjfs sç` sblboefctbs, f sblboefcîf g`csjkbrfîç` kb ulf kbofs g`ckuz-c`s é g`csjkbrfîç` kf `utrf4   F g`ctjnujkfkb g`ctjnujkfkb11 g`l g`l = jkbj jkbjfs fs sç sç` ` g` g`ct ctìn ìnuf ufs s c` bs bspf pfî` î` c` tblp`, f g`csjkbrfîç` kb ulf kbof kjvuonfr f g`csjkbrfîç` kf `utrf4   F gfusfojkfkb11 quf gfusfojkfkb ufck ck` ` rb rbpr prbs bsb bct ctfl fl`s `s fs jk jkbj bjfs fs g`l` g`rrbs g`r rbsp`c p`ckbc kbck` k` f ulf rbo rbofîç fîç` ` gf gfusf usf-bh -bhbjt bjt`, `, ê cft cfturf urfoo qub f g`csjkbrfîç` kf gfusf c` trfcsp`rtb pfrf f g`csjkbrfîç` k` bhbjt`.

@ pr`moblf kf gfusfojkfkb

 F jkbjf kb gfusfojkfkb g`o`gf ul bc`rlb kbsfhj` f` blpjrjsl` kb Eulb, p`js, blm`rf fpfrbctblbctb sbaf jcqubstj`cævbo qub s`l`s kbtbct`rbs kbssf jkbjf, f suf `rjnbl cç` pfrbgb tç` gofrf. Cç` sb trftf kb ulf rbofîç` kb jkbjfs jkb jfs,, p`j p`js s f suf cbn cbnfîç fîç` ` cç` rbs rbsuot uotf f quf qufoqu oqubr br g` g`ctr ctrfkj fkjîç îç`. `. ]bs ]bstftf-c`s c`s f p`ssjmjojkfkb kb sb trftfr kb ulf qubstç` kb hfgt`, hfgt`, pbo` qub f vbrfgjkfkb k` pr prjc jcgì gìpj pj` ` kf gf gfus usfo fojk jkfk fkb b cç cç` ` p` p`kb kb sb sbrr bs bstf tfmb mbob obgj gjkf kf sb sbcç cç` ` ft ftrf rfvê vês s kf bxpbrjácgjf. C` bctfct`, f bxpbrjácgjf cç` rbsp`ckb f jst`, p`js tuk` qub vbl` vbl`s s sç` k`js fg`c fg`ctbgjl tbgjlbct` bct`s s surnj surnjrbl rblc`s hrbqu hrbqubctbl bctblbctb bctb fss` fss`gjfk gjfk`s, `s,` lfs

 

cç` tbl`s qufoqubr jlprbssç` sbcsìvbo k` qub ê bssf sup`stf g`cbxç` cbgbssærjf bctrb flm`s. flm`s.  Fpbsfr kbstfs kjhjguokfkbs, Eulb cç` hjgf sbl rbsp`stf pfrf `s pr`moblfs susgjtfk`s pbo` prjcgìpj` kf gfusfojkfkb b rbg`rrb ulf bxpbrjácgjf lbctfo   pf lbctfo pfrf rf l`s l`str trfr fr qub, fpb fpbsf sfrr kb cç` efvbr ulf jlprbssç` qub oeb g`rrbsp` g`rr bsp`ckf ckf kjrbt kjrbtflbc flbctb tb,, f  jk jkbj bjf f kb gfus usfo fojk jkfk fkb b tb tbl l `rjn jnb bl cf bxpbrjácgjf.. bxpbrjácgjf Nrfîfs f bstf bxpbrjácgjf lbctfo, Eulb g`cgouj qub f jkbjf kb rbofîç` gfusfo `u g`cbxç` g`cbxç` cbgbssærjf  cbgbssærjf bctrb `s fg`ctbgjlbct`s lfjs cç` ê tuk` ` qub f bxpbgtftjvf kb qub ul kbobs, f qub geflfl`s bhbjt` bhbjt`,, jræ `g`rrbr sblprb qub ` `utr`, f qub geflfl`s gfusf gfusf,, `g`rrf. Bstf bxpbgtftjvf rbsuot`u k` eæmjt` eæmjt`,, `u g`stulb g`stulb,, jst` jst` ê, kf bx bxpb pbrj rjác ácgj gjf f qu qub b tb tbl` l`s s ul ulf f g`caucîç` g`cstfctb kbssbs k`js fg`ctbgjlbct`s fg`ctbgjlbct`s..

@ pr`moblf kf ucjh`rljkfkb kf Cfturbzf (`u pr`moblf kb jckuîç`)

 F s`ouîç` kb Eulb pfrf ` pr`moblf kf gfusfojkfkb l`strf-c`s qub f c`ssf bxpbgtftjvf kb qub gfusfs sblboefctbs tbrç` bhbjt`s sblboefctbs sb mfs fsbj bjf f uc ucjg jgfl flb bctb ctb c` eæmjt` eæmjt`,, `u sbaf, c`ssf bxp bxpbrj brjácg ácgjf jf kb gbr gbrtfs tfs rbnuofrjkfkbs `u rbpbtjîòbs. C` bctfct`, bssf g`cstftfîç` cç` bstæ jsbctf kb kjhjguokfkbs, p`js sbl f nf nfrf rfct ctjf jf kb qu qub b bx bxjs jstb tb,, kb hf hfgt gt`, `, ul ulf f tf tfoo rb rbof ofîç îç` ` gf gfus usfo fo cç cç` ` tb tbl` l`s s obnjtjljkfkb pfrf fgrbkjtfr bl fon` tç` trjvjfo b tç` huckflbctfo pfrf ` c`ss` kjf f kjf g`l` f jkbjf kb qub gfu gfusfs sfs sbl sblboe boefct fctbs bs tbr tbrç` ç` bhb bhbjt` jt`s s sblboefctbs.. Ge sblboefctbs Gefl flfl fl`s `s bs bstf tf pr`p pr`p`s `sjî jîç` ç` Yrjc Yrjcgìpj` gìpj` kf Rcjh` Rcjh`rljkf rljkfkb kb kf Cfturbzf ( Cfturbzf  (YRC YRC). ). Bstb Bs tb pr prjc jcgì gìpj pj` ` kjzkjz-c` c`s s qu qub b f Cf Cftur turbzf bzf jræ g`l g`lp`r p`rtfr tfr-sb -sb c` hut hutur` ur` g`ch`rlb sb tbl g`lp`rtfk` ftê e`ab. e`ab. @ prjcgìpj` kf ucjh`rljkfkb kf cfturbzf ê fon` qub, kb h`rlf lfjs `u lbc`s g`csgjbctb, t`k`s fssuljl`s g`l vbrkfkbjr`, p`js sbl bssf grbcîf f c`ssf vjkf qu`tjkjfcf t`rcfr-sb-jf mfstfctb mjzfrrf. mjzfrrf . Fpfrbctblbctb, tuk` ` qub qu b p` p`ss ss` ` hf hfzb zbrr ê kjzb kjzbrr qu qub b fgr fgrbkj bkjt` t` qub fs fssjl sjl sb sbræ ræ p`r p`rqu qub b ftê e`a e`ab b sblprb h`j fssjl. fssjl. Eulb g`csjkbr` g`csjkbr`u u qub cç` eæ lfcbjrf kb austjhjgfr rfgj`cfolbctb f c`ssf g`chjfcîf cfs jchbrácgjfs jckutjvfs. jckutjvfs . Y`r lfj`r qub sbaf ` cñlbr` kb gfs`s bl qub bxpbrjlbctfl`s ulf kbtbrljcfkf rbnuofrjkfkb, aflfjs tbrbl`s  austjhjgfîç` rfgj`cfo pfrf fgrbkjtfr qub bssf rbnuofrjkfkb sb jræ lfctbr c` hutur`.  Fssjl, Eulb ê, lfjs ulf vbz, g`ckuzjk` é g`cgousç` kb qub f grbcîf kb qub f Cfturbzf sb jræ g`lp`rtfr g`l` sb tbl g`lp`rtfk` b f c`ssf g`chjfcîf g`ch jfcîf cf jcku jckuîç` îç` cç` tál ul huck huckflbc flbct` t` rfgj` rfgj`cfo cfo b sç` fpbcfs hrut` kb ul jcbnævbo jlpuos` cfturfo qub `s kbtbrljcf f tbr bstf prbkjsp`sjîç`.

@ pr`moblf k` luck` bxtbrj`r

 

 F grbcîf c` Yrjcgìpj` kf Rcjh`rljkfkb Rcjh`rljkfkb kf Cfturbzf cç` ê f ñcjgf grbcîf g`lul gua` huckflbct` ê p`st` bl gfusf p`r Eulb. Wbl rbhobtjr lujt` s`mrb ` fssuct`, t`k`s c÷s bstfl`s kjsp`st`s f fssuljr f bxjstácgjf kb ul luck` bxtbrj`r  és   és c`ssfs lbctbs, qub cç` kbpbckb kf c`ssf pbrgbîç` b qub ê f vbrkfkbjr vbrk fkbjrf f gfus gfusf f kfs c`ss c`ssfs fs jlprb jlprbssòb ssòbs. s. Y`rtf Y`rtfct`, ct`, ê ul brr` g`chuckjr `s `mabt`s bxtbrj`rbs b ` luck` bxtbrj`r é c`ssf lbctb g`l fs c`ssfs pbrgbîòbs k` lbsl`. lbsl`.   G`ctuk`, sb fqujo` qub bstæ prbsbctb cf c`ssf lbctb cç` sç` `s `mabt`s rbfjs, lfs sjl ulf jlfnbl `u rbprbsbctfîç` lbctfo k`s lbsl`s, bctç` cç` bstfl`s bl g`ctft` kjrbt` g`l ` luck` bxtbrj`r . Fssjl, g`l ulf vbz qub cucgf p`kbrbl`s sfjr k` luck` jctbrj`r kfs c`ssfs lbctbs lbctbs,, cucgf sbrbl`s gfpfzbs kb vbrjhjgfr sb, kb hfgt`, bxjstb ulf g`rrbsp`ckácgjf bctrb fs c`ssfs pbrgbîòbs b `s `mabt`s bxtbrj`rbs cbl tç` p`ug` p`kbrbl`s fonulf vbz tbr austjhjgfîç` pfrf fgrbkjtfr cf bxjstácgjf k`s lbsl`s.

@ gbtjgjsl` l`kbrfk` kb Eulb

G`l` g`c G`l `csb sbq quá uác cgjf k`s sbu bus s prj rjc cgìp gìpj` j`s s blpj pjrj rjs stf tfs s, Eu Eul lb ê bstrfceflbctb g`ckuzjk` é g`cgousç` kb qub bxjstbl = grbcîfs qub, grbcîfs qub, blm`rf cç` p`ssfl`s vjvbr sbl fs fssuljr g`l` vbrkfkbjrfs, bstç` pfrf foêl kb qufoqubr tbctftjvf kb austjhjgfîç` rfgj`cfo1   F grbcîf cf ucjh`rljkfkb kf Cfturbzf, jst` ê, f grbcîf kb qub f cfturbzf sb jræ g`lp`rtfr g`ch`rlb sb tbl g`lpr`vfk` ftê e`ab4  f grbcîf cf bxjstácgjf k` luck` bxtbrj`r, jst` ê, f grbcîf kb qub bxjstbl `mabt`s bxtbrj`rbs kf c`ssf lbctb qub sç` rbsp`csævbjs pbofs c`ssfs pbrgbîòbs k`s lbsl`s. G`ctuk`, jst` cç` hfz kb Eulb ul gêtjg`, gêtjg` , pbo` lbc`s cç` c` sbctjk` trfkjgj`cfo k` tbrl`, p`rqub g`csjkbrf qub, ulf vbz qub bstfs grbcîfs hfzbl pfrtb kf cfturbzf eulfcf b cf vjkf qu`tjkjfcf cç` g`csbnujl`s pbcsfr cbl fnjr sbl bofs, cç` kbvbl`s rbabjtæ-o`s, cbl `s suspbckbr ` auìz` rboftjvflbctb és lbslfs.  Fgfmf p`r kbhbckbr fpbcfs ul gbtjgjsl` l`kbrfk`, l`kbrfk`, qub sbrvb pfrf c`s pr`tbnbr g`ctrf ` k`nlftjsl`, fs kbgjsòbs prbgjpjtfkfs b fs jcvbstjnfîòbs kblfsjfk` bspbguoftjvfs, bspbguoftjvfs, kjstfctbs kf bxpbrjácgjf b sbl sup`rtb blpìrjg`.

@mabîòbs f` hucgj`cfojsl` blpjrjstf kb Eulb

@ g`ctrfbxblpo` k` lftjz kb fzuo kbsg`cebgjk` Bstf `mabîç` ê ul g`ctrfbxblpo` f` Yrjcgìpj` kf G÷pjf fprbsbctfkf G÷pjf  fprbsbctfkf pbo` pr÷prj` Eulb, fp`s tbr h`rluofk` ` frnulbct` k` gbn` kb cfsgbcîf. Eulb kbsvfo`rjzf ` g`ctrfbxblpo` p`r g`csjkbræ-o` ulf sjtufîç` kblfsjfk` jcvuonfr  pfrf  pfrf qub rbfolbctb p`ssf sbr pûr bl gfusf ` Yrjcgìpj` kf G÷pjf. @mabîç` é jlfnbl kf lbctb g`l` tæmuf rfsf

 

C` sêguo` UU, ` hjo÷s`h` Abrry H`k`r pr`pûs ul frnulbct` qub p`b bl gfusf f grbcîf pfrtjoefkf pbo`s blpjrjstfs kb qub, é cfsgbcîf, f c`ssf lbctb ê g`l` ulf tæmuf rfsf. Rlf vbz qub é cfsgbcîf s`l`s gfpfzbs kb fprbckbr ulf Oìcnuf b qufo qu foqu qubr br pr pr`g `gbs bss` s` kb fp fprb rbck ckjz jzfn fnbl bl kb ul ulf f Oì Oìcn cnuf uf pr prbs bssu supò pòb b fo fonu nul l g`ceb g` cebgjl gjlbct bct` ` ojcnuì ojcnuìstj stjg`, g`, H`k H`k`r `r fgr fgrbkj bkjtf tf tbr kbl kbl`cs `cstrf trfk` k` f bxj bxjstá stácgj cgjf f kb g`cebgjlbct` ojcnuìstjg` jcft`. Wb bcgfrfrl`s bstb g`cebgjlbct` jcft` k` hucgj`cflbct` kf oìcnuf g`l` nbcuìc` g`cebgjlbct` fgbrgf k` luck`, tbrbl`s kb fmfck`cfr f jkbjf kb qub, é cfsgbcîf, f lbctb ê ulf tæmuf. @mabîç` k` e`lñcguo`  Ftrfvês k` Frnulbct` kf Lbsf, Eulb kbl`cstr`u qub fqujo` qub bstæ prbsbctb cf c`ssf lbctb cç` sç` `s `mabt`s rbfjs k` luck` bxtbrj`r, lfs sjl ulf ul f jl jlfn fnbl bl `u rbpr rbprbs bsbc bctf tfîç îç` ` lb lbct ctfo fo k` k`s s lb lbsl sl`s `s.. Bs Bstf tf jl jlfn fnbl bl k` hucgj`cfl hucg j`cflbct` bct` kf lbctb pfrb pfrbgb gb jlpojgfr qub s`l`s e`lñcguo`s e`lñcguo`s   (pbss`fs ljcñsguofs) hbgefk`s culf bspêgjb gjcblf prjvfk` c` jctbrj`r kfs c`ssfs lbc lb ctb tbs s, `ck ckb b c`s sç sç` ` fpr fprbsb bsbctf ctfkfs kfs jlf jlfnbc nbcs s `u rbp rbprb rbsbc sbctfî tfîòbs òbs k`s `mabt`s `mab t`s k` luck luck` ` bxtbrj`r f`s qufjs cç` tbl`s qufjsqubr tjp`s kb fgbss` kjrbt`. Wb f cfturbzf kf bxpojgfîç` sb lfctjvbr jcfotbrfkf fgfmfrbl`s p`r  sup`r f bxjstácgjf kb `utr` f` e`lñcguo` kbctr` kf lbctb k` prjlbjr` b fssjl sugb su gbss ssjv jvfl flbc bctb tb,, gf gfjc jck` k` cu culf lf rbn rbnrb rbssç ssç` ` jch jchjcj jcjtf tf kb e` e`lñc lñcguo guo`s `s,, qub fpfrbctblbctb kbjxf p`r bxpojgfr ` pr`gbss` kb jctbrfîç` bctrb f lbctb b ` luck`.

@mabîç` mfsbfkf cf frnulbctfîç` f hfv`r kf lboe`r bxpojgfîç` Eulb g`csjkbrf qub c`ssf grbcîf cf Rcjh`rljkfkb kf Cfturbzf b cf bxjst bx jstácg ácgjf jf k`s `ma `mabt` bt`s s k` luc luck` k` bxt bxtbrj brj`r `r cç` tbl quf qufoqu oqubr br huc huckfl kflbct bct` ` rfgj`cfo. @ hjo÷s`h` Mbrtrfck ]ussbo g`ctbstf sbrjflbctb bstfs p`sjîòbs gêtjgfs kb Eulb p`r g`csjkbrfr qub f suf jkbjf ê kblfsjfk` bstrbjtf. Eulb pf Eulb pfrb rbgb gb fk fklj ljtj tjrr qu qub b cb cbce ceul ulf f grbc grbcîf îf bs bstæ tæ rf rfgj gj`c `cfo folb lbct ctb b  austjhjgfkf, f lbc`s qub bxjstf ulf pr`vf kbhjcjtjvf kf suf vbrkfkb. Yfrf ]uss ]u ssbo boo, o, p`k p`kb b sbr rfg rfgj`c j`cfo fo fg fgrbk rbkjtf jtfrr cu culf lf grb grbcî cîf f lb lbsl` sl` cf fus fusácg ácgjf jf kbstb kbs tb tjp tjp` ` kb pr` pr`vf vf,, kbs kbskb kb qub qub,, kjf kjfctb ctb kf kfs s fot fotbrc brcftj ftjvfs vfs kjs kjsp`c p`cìvb ìvbjs js pfr pfrf f bxpojgfr f c`ssf bxpbrjácgjf, bxjstb ulf ejp÷tbsb lfjs pofusìvbo k` qub t`kfs fs `utrfs4 ê lfjs rfgj`cfo fgrbkjtfr cf suf vbrkfkb k` qub bl qufoqubr  ulf ul f kf kfs s fo fotb tbrc rcft ftjv jvfs fs.. Bstb tjp` jp` kb frnulbctfîç` kbsjn jnc cf sb p`r  frnulbctfîç` hfv`r kf lboe`r bxpojgfîç` bxpojgfîç` b  b ê ul m`l bxblpo` kb fmkuîç`, jst` ê, ul pr`gbss` kb jchbrácgjf qub sb fp`jf cul g`cauct` kb kfk`s pfrf bxtrfjr g`l ul gbrt` nrfu kb pofusjmjojkfkb ulf g`cgousç` qub vfj foêl k`s lbsl`s.

 

 Yfrf foêl kjst`, c` prjcgìpj` kf gfusfojkfkb, Eulb sunbrb qub f c`ssf gr grbc bcîf îf kb qu qub b bx bxjs jstb tb ul ulf f rbof rbofîç îç` ` gf gfus usfo fo bc bctr trb b kj kjhb hbrb rbct ctbs bs `m `mab abt` t`s s `u fg`ctbgjlbct`s cç` tbl qufoqubr huckflbct` rfgj`cfo b g`rrbsp`ckb fpbcfs f bxpbgtftjvf kb qub ul kbobs `g`rrf sblprb qub ` `utr` `g`rrbr, kbvjk` é bxpbrjácgjf qub tbl`s kb g`caucîç` g`cstfctb kbssbs sbus fg`ctbgjlbct`s. Y`rê Y` rêl l pfr pfrbgb bgb lfj lfjs s rfg rfgj`c j`cfo fo fgb fgbjtf jtfrr qu qub b fs rbo rbofîò fîòbs bs gfu gfusfj sfjs, s, kb hfgt` hfg t` vjr cf bxj bxjstb stbl l k` qu qub b sup sup`r `r qub bssfs g`c g`cauc aucîòb îòbs s g`c g`cstf stfctb ctbs s sjlpobslbctb `g`rrbl c` luck` kb ul l`k` gfsufo gfsufo..

@rjnbl k` g`cebgjlbct`

]bcê Kbsgfrtbs

Kfvjk Eulb

 F rfzç` ê f h`ctb prjcgjpfo k` g`cebgjlbct` ‗ rfgj`cfojsl`. F rfzç` g`csbnub fogfcîfr  g`cebgjlbct`s bvjkbctbs, gofr`s b kjstjct`s, jckbpbckbctbs kf bxpbrjácgjf.

[`k` ` g`cebgjlbct` pr`vêl kf bxpbrjácgjf b t`kfs fs jkbjfs fgfmfl p`r tbr ulf `rjnbl blpìrjgf ‗ blpjrjsl`. Fssjl, tflmêl fs jkbjfs qub obvfl f pr`p`sjîòbs bvjkbctbs b cbgbssærjfs (rbofîç` kb jkbjfs) pr`vál kf fcæojsb kf bxpbrjácgjf. Kbvjk` f sbr g`cstruìk` mfsbfk`

@ g`cebgjlbct` ê cbgbssærj` b Xfojkfkb/ vbrkfkb k` g`cebgjlbct`

Y`ssjmjojkfkb k` g`cebgjlbct`

Yr`gbss` kb g`cstruîç` k` g`cebgjlbct`

ucjvbrsfo kbskb qub sbaf jctujtjv` b kbkutjv`. W÷ ê rbfo f jkbjf `u ` g`cebgjlbct` qub kbof h`r kbkuzjkf.

 Fk`t`u ul gbtjgjsl` lbt÷kjg` lbt÷kjg` utjojzfck` f kñvjkf. Y`r  kbp`sjtfr jctbjrf g`chjfcîf cf rfzç`, p`kbl`s jcsbrj-o` c` qufkr` k` k`nlftjsl`.  F pfrtjr kb jkbjfs jcftfs, ê p`ssìvbo `mtbr ` vbrkfkbjr` g`cebgjlbct`, g`cs`fctb fs `pbrfîòbs huckflbctfjs kf lbctb, jst` ê1 f jctujîç` b kbkuîç`.

cf jckuîç`, ` g`cebgjlbct` ucjvbrsfo ê ulf pr`mfmjojkfkb. Cç` p`kb sbr fhjrlfkf g`l` bxjstbctb, fonulf rbfojkfkb qub cç` tbcef ulf jlprbssç` g`rrbsp`ckbctb.  F rbfojkfkb ê rbkuzjkf f` f` ílmjt` kfs pbrgbîòbs. F gfpfgjkfkb g`ncjtjvf k` g`cebgjlbct` eulfc` ojljtf-sb é pr`mfmjojkfkb. Cç` bxjstbl jkbjfs jcftfs. [`kfs fs jkbjfs kbrjvfl kb jlprbssòbs.  Fs kjvbrsfs `pbrfîòbs `pbrfîòbs kf lbctb mfsbjfl-sb c`s prjcgìpj`s kf fss`gjfîç` kb jkbjfs1 f gfusfojkfkb, f sblboefcîf b f g`ctjnujkfkb.