Datamine Wireframe

Studio

User Guide

Studio Wireframing User Guide

Edition 2.1

This documentation is confidential and may not be reproduced or shown to third parties without the written permission of Mineral Industries Computing Limited.

Copyright: Mineral Industries Computing Limited: 1997 – 2004.

Wireframe menus diagram Introduction Wireframe concepts Wireframe classification New group New surface New surface New triangle Select wireframe Selecting wireframes introduction Selection method Attributes Group Surface Filters Files Verify Normal and adjacency values Display Open Edges Display Shared Edges Display Crossovers Convert to Strings Renumber Surfaces Check for Duplicate Points Set point tolerance Linking introduction String Linking Control Settings Optimal Linking Linking Options Linking Types Linking Link strings Link boundary Link to line Link boundary to line Link quad End link End link boundary Undo last link Point separation

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Create tag string Set tag string color Use tags Linking toolbar Link two outlines using attributes

DTM Introduction DTM settings Use Selected Limit Strings Duplicate Point Checking World Coordinates-Off for View Coords Interactive DTM creation Make DTM Undo last DTM Select outer limit Select inner limit Deselect one limit Deselect all limits Set point tolerance Maximum separation New point separation DTM settings DTM toolbar Tools Slice wireframe Convert slice to string Generate multiple slices Calculate volume Strings from intersections Hull to strings Edit attributes Unlink triangle Unlink wireframe Boolean operations Merge Union Intersection Difference Split Multiple split Solid hull Update DTM Project DTM to view Boolean toolbar Batch tools

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Create a DTM Add two wireframe files Calculate center of triangle Extend wireframe along a trend Calculate wireframe volume Evaluate model v wireframe Select data using wireframe Project string to wireframe Strings from wireframe section Move wireframe Copy wireframe Translate wireframe Move wireframe point Insert wireframe point Delete wireframe point Wireframe settings Other wireframe commands

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Studio Wireframe Menus

Wireframe User Guide

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Introduction Studio has an extensive repertoire of commands and functions for creating and manipulating wireframe models. This User Guide explains many of the principles of wireframing and provides guidance, with examples, of much of the functionality. To create a wireframe a series of strings must be created and then these strings must be linked to form the 3D surface outline. Solid wireframes can be used to represent a 3D volume, such as: • A zone of high grade mineralization • An orebody • A particular lithology From these wireframes, volumes and tonnages can be calculated, which are useful for determining resources and reserves. Wireframes can also be used to represent surfaces, such as: • Topography (Digital Terrain Model) • Pit geometry Wireframe data are stored in two related files, a triangle file and a points file. Values for all fields except COLOUR are assigned internally, by the system, and may be used for filtering. TRIANGLE FILE

POINT FILE

FIELD TRIANGLE PID1 PID2 PID3 GROUP SURFACE LINK NORMAL-X NORMAL-Y NORMAL-Z TRE1ADJ TRE2ADJ TRE3ADJ COLOUR GROUP XP YP ZP PID

Wireframe User Guide

DESCRIPTION Triangle number First triangle point ID number Second triangle point ID number Third triangle point ID number Wireframe group ID number Wireframe surface ID number Link number Stores the values which define the orientation of the normal of the triangle in the X, Y and Z directions. Stores the ‘adjacency data’, which define open and shared triangle edges.

Wireframe Group X, Y and Z coordinates of the triangle point defined by the PID value. The point ID number (as referenced by PID1 etc in the triangle file).

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Wireframe Concepts A points file is the basis for a wireframe. Each point is joined to several others to form a series of triangles (in the display window) that form the surface (in the visualizer). A wireframe can be viewed in the visualizer, which is useful for displaying the newly created surface (or zone) in 3D. The way the triangles are formed can be controlled; the method used is dependent on the wireframe purpose and user preference.

Wireframe Classification Wireframes are classified by the following fields which are present in all triangle files: GROUP

SURFACE

LINK

- A GROUP can consist of one or more distinct wireframes that have either the same, or different surface numbers. - An individual wireframe SURFACE can be selected from within a GROUP of wireframes. This surface can be either a DTM or a solid wireframe. - Each wireframe surface consists of a number of individual links, each numbered individually.

This classification of wireframes by GROUP and SURFACE provides a means by which wireframes can be identified for operations such as combining and verifying. It also provides greater control when using the ‘erase’ commands; specific GROUPs, SURFACEs, LINKs and triangles may be selected and erased. The wireframe GROUP, SURFACE and LINK numbers are stored in both the wireframe points and triangles files as the fields: GROUP, SURFACE and LINK respectively. These values are assigned internally by the system. It is possible to select a wireframe by its GROUP or SURFACE number. Wireframes from different GROUPs can be selected together by using other selection methods such as “filters”. To give a better understanding of how GROUPs and SURFACEs are defined and used there is a wireframe tutorial. To display the GROUP, SURFACE and LINK numbers use the query-triangle (qt) command.

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New group

nwg new-wireframe Increments the wireframe group number prior to linking. Used to distinguish between wireframes, and to aid selection.

New surface

nws new-wireframe-surface Increments the wireframe surface number prior to linking. Used to distinguish between wireframes and aid selection.

New triangle

ntr dvp-new-triangle Gives the user the ability to create an individual triangle sw select-wireframe Selects a wireframe group and surface prior to linking. The command takes the selected group and surface number to ensure a continuous surface and group number when a wireframe is extended.

Select wireframe

Selecting Wireframes Introduction Selection method Wireframes can be selected: By Attributes, By Group, By Surface, By Filters or By Files. There are two ways of setting the selection method: • Choosing from the selection method menu (Wireframes | Selection Method):

•

Setting the method in the wireframe settings dialog (Wireframes | Wireframe Settings).

Several wireframe commands require the selection of a wireframe; they all honor the chosen selection method. The commands are: • Wireframes | Boolean Operations (e.g. Union, Intersection etc); • Wireframes | Verify; • Wireframes | Tools | Edit Attributes; • Wireframe volumes; • Wireframe evaluation.

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When any of the above commands are run, there will be a prompt to select a wireframe triangle.

By Attributes

sba

wf-select-attribute-switch

If By Attributes is chosen then wireframe data with user defined attributes matching those of the selected triangle are isolated. For example, the wireframes illustrated below belong to different GROUPs. By setting the attributes toggle on, both wireframes can be selected. The wireframe GROUP and SURFACE numbers are ignored on input, and new GROUP and SURFACE values are generated on output. This is particularly useful for ‘re-grouping’ wireframes (see Wireframes | Verify for more details).

By Group

sbg

wf-select-group-switch

If By picked wireframe GROUP is chosen then all wireframe data matching the selected triangle’s GROUP will be selected.

By Surface

sbs

wf-select-surface-switch

If By picked wireframe SURFACE is chosen then all wireframe data matching the selected triangle’s GROUP and SURFACE values will be selected.

By Filters

sbfl

wf-select-filter-switch

If By user defined filters is chosen, wireframe data is selected on the basis of triangle and point filters. To apply triangle filters but not point filters then press the RETURN key at the prompt for point filters. Using the wireframes shown above, the wireframes can be selected using the following filter.

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As with the attributes selection method the wireframe group and surface numbers are ignored on input and new group and surface values are generated on output. This is particularly useful for ‘regrouping’ wireframes (see Verify Wireframe for more details). To get a better understanding of how these various selection methods can be used try the short tutorial at the end of this user guide. By Files

sbfi wf-select-files-switch Select wireframe by prompting for wireframe point and triangle filenames.

Verifying Wireframes Verify

wvf

wireframe-verify

The Wireframes | Verify command is used to perform a number of validation checks, including: • Identifying holes within a wireframe surface • Identifying intersections of different surfaces with different IDs • Identifying crossovers within, or between, surfaces • Checking for duplicate points • Renumbering wireframe surfaces. The Verify command is controlled by a number of settings accessed through Wireframes | Wireframe Settings.

Normal and Adjacency Values These values are generated automatically for each wireframe. The adjacency values list which triangle is next to a particular side of another specific triangle. Most triangles will have 3 other triangles neighboring them, apart from along an edge of a wireframe. Normal values lie between 1 and -1, and give an indication of the dip of the triangle. A horizontal surface has a value of 0 and a vertical surface has a value of 1 or -1. The values are positive or negative depending on whether the point is above or below the surface.

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The values for the NORMAL-X, NORMAL-Y, and NORMAL-Z fields are assigned when the wireframe is linked whereas TRE1ADJ, TRE2ADJ and TRE3ADJ have their values assigned when the Verify command is run. The table below shows the adjacency values generated. Note: PID1, PID2 and PID3 refer to the triangle point ID numbers so PID1 - PID2 refers to the line joining points 1 and 2.

Value

PID1 - PID2 PID2 - PID3 PID3 - PID1

Stored In

No adjacent triangle

Adjacent triangle is part of the same surface

Adjacent triangle has been created from the MERGE Option

TRE1ADJ TRE2ADJ TRE3ADJ

0 0 0

-1 -1 -1

1 1 1

It is important to generate these data prior to merging or splitting wireframes. If the adjacency data already exist for the selected wireframe data (i.e the Verify command has been used before) then there will be a prompt for the re-assembly of the adjacency data. Display Open Edges

twvb wf-boundary-line-switch This setting enables open edges, or boundaries of a wireframe, to be displayed during wireframe verification. Note: these will only be converted to strings if the Convert to Strings option is selected.

Display Shared Edges twvm wf-merge-line-switch This setting can only be used effectively on wireframe data that have been merged or intersected using the Merge or Split commands (Wireframes | Boolean Operations). Shared edges between the intersected surfaces are assigned an adjacency value of -1 (stored in the fields TRE1ADJ, TRE2ADJ, TRE3ADJ). Each surface is assigned a different surface identifier to enable it to be manipulated independently. This toggle allows the shared, or merged lines to be displayed during wireframe verification. Note: these will only be converted to strings if the Convert to Strings setting has been selected. Display Crossovers

Wireframe User Guide

twvi wf-intersect-line-switch The Wireframes | Verify command can be used to check for wireframe surfaces that contain crossovers, or intersect other surfaces. This setting controls whether these crossovers are displayed. Note: these will only be converted to strings if the Convert to Strings setting has been selected.

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Convert to Strings

twcl wf-convert-line-switch This setting controls whether boundary lines, merge lines and lines identifying crossovers are converted to strings during the Wireframes | Verify command.

Renumber Surfaces

twn wf-sfvalue-switch This setting enables the renumbering of surfaces during verification. It is useful for re-grouping wireframes. The wireframe below consists of two GROUPs. The links between the perimeters belonging to one GROUP and the end-links belong to another. To select this wireframe as a single entity the surfaces must be renumbered so they are the same.

As the surfaces have the same color, the selection method should be set to By Attributes. This will ensure that all the wireframe data required are selected. Note: By Filters could also be used, provided Renumber Surfaces is selected. The surfaces will be renumbered during the wireframe verification. The resultant wireframe will have a single GROUP number. Check for Duplicate Points twcd wf-pid-check-switch This setting will ensure that adjacent triangles will have common point ID numbers (PIDs). Note: common triangles points which belong to different GROUPs cannot have the same point ID number. Set Point Tolerance

Wireframe User Guide

sto set-tolerance For DTM formation no triangles will be created with sides of length less than this tolerance. For the Wireframe-Verify command, points within this tolerance will be considered duplicates. Any triangles that are degenerate after this point merging will be discarded.

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String Linking Control Settings The commands relating to string linking methods can be found in the Wireframes | Linking menu. To control the linking method select (Wireframes | Wireframe Settings).

Select the radio button for the method to be used; the screen capture shows the default. Minimum surface area method tma link-area-methodswitch Equi-angular shape method tea link-radii-methodswitch Proportional length method tpr link-shape-methodswitch

The system will create the triangulation that results in the smallest wireframe surface area.

The system will create equi-angular triangles (i.e. equilateral or isosceles triangles). Ideal for complex geometries. This option will create triangles which best maintain their proportional position along the string. This option works best where the shapes of the two strings are similar. Ideal for long thin volumes.

The following screen captures show three identical pairs of perimeters; each pair linked using a different one of the methods.

Optimal Linking

Wireframe User Guide

tlm link-method-switch The Wireframe Settings also offer the option to use “optimal linking”.

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Optimal Linking

tlm

linking-method-switch

If this is selected then several wireframes will be generated internally using different starting points. The final wireframe will be created using the best surface from all those that satisfied the linking criteria. If the Proportional Length Method is selected the Equi-Angular Shape method is used.

There are three other options for controlling the linking of strings: Link Crossover Checking tlc Link-crossover-switch Use Tag Strings uta Use-tag-switch Wireframe Attributes from Strings tsa wf-attr-from-str-switch

This automatically checks for a link that intersects another link. Any surface that would contain crossovers will not be created and a warning dialog is displayed. This toggle controls whether the tag strings should be ignored when creating a link. If selected, the string attributes, including color, will be passed to the wireframe during linking.

Another command, important in the creation of links, is Point Separation (Wireframe | Linking | Point Separation) which inserts additional, temporary points along the strings being linked. The command opens a dialog for setting the maximum separation distance between the additional points. This feature is useful for minimizing the creation of long, narrow triangles. The default value is 0, which is effectively “off”. Long narrow triangles can form an inefficient wireframe that does not match the data accurately.

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Linking Options Linking Types The linking commands used can be found in the Wireframes | Linking menu.

Link Strings

ls link-strings A minimum of two strings must be loaded in the design window, this command will create the link between the strings.

Link Boundary

lbo link-boundary Links two strings together taking into account (not crossing) any boundary strings. A minimum of one boundary string is necessary. A boundary string is created using the new-string command the string must be snapped to a point on the same string at each end, line snapping is not acceptable. The boundary divides a string, to assist in creating a split wireframe.

Link to Line

ll link-to-line Links a string to a single line (not a closed string section). This is useful for “closing-off” wireframes.

Link Boundary to Line lbl link-boundary-to-line Links a string to a line to close the wireframe effectively, but taking into account (not crossing) and boundary (bridge) strings. Link Quad

Wireframe User Guide

lq link-quad Creates a wireframe link between two selected points on each string. The segment between the two points must be selected. Link Quad gives an alternative control to using tag strings and allows a link to be built in stages. Useful for complex wireframes.

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End Linking Options There are also two “endlink” commands that may be used to link within a string (the string must not be open) this has the effect of closing a wireframe at the ends forming an enclosed volume. End link

eli end-link Links within a single string.

End link Boundary

elb end-link-boundary Links within a string and takes into account (does not cross) any boundary strings.

Undo last link

ull undo-last-link Erases all triangles created during the last wireframing operation. This may be a link between two strings, an end link or the creation of a DTM.

Point separation

nps

dtm-new-point-separation

When creating a DTM it is possible to force Studio to add new points to improve the triangulation. This can be useful if some of the string data has long segment lengths which would create large triangles. By setting a separation distance greater than zero string segments are divided up into shorter segments of the set value for triangulation. Note the new points are not inserted into the strings but are incorporated into the wireframe. The string data is not changed using this command.

Tag Strings Tag strings may be used to increase control over the linking process. They can define the points to be linked for the Link Strings command, which is particularly useful when wireframing complex shapes. A tag string may contain any number of points but each one must be on a different string perimeter. It is also possible to link a single point on one perimeter to a number of different points on the second perimeter as shown below.

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Create tag string

tgs create-tag-string Tag strings must be snapped to the strings to be wireframed, as an exact coordinate match is expected. To create a tag string use (wireframes-linking-create-tag-strings). The command “newstring” is not acceptable.

Set tag string colour

taco

tag-string-colour

The color number may be typed in or the logical color name may be given, such as 'red'. Use tags

uta use-tag-switch Tag strings will only be used if the Use tag strings option has been turned on in the menu or from the Wireframe Settings dialog (Wireframes | Wireframe Settings). They can be used with any of the wireframe linking methods listed above. The tag strings that may be required for sub-optimal linking to achieve the required shape and avoid crossovers may be unnecessary for optimal linking.

Linking toolbar Displays the wireframe toolbar Link two outlines using attributes

l3

link-outline-pair-attribute

Enables multiple strings with a common attribute to be linked together in a single action to create a wireframe. Uses a common attribute from at least two strings to create wireframe surfaces within the area described by each string. If a string is not closed, a straight line will be drawn between the endpoints to complete a boundary. Before running the command select at least two strings with a common attribute.

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Interactive DTM creation The Interactive DTM Creation menu contains the commands for creating surface wireframes (c.f. solid wireframes).

Simple unfolded surfaces like topography or terrain surfaces can be modeled as Digital Terrain Models or DTMs. A DTM provides an exact triangulated surface model in which all the datum points are honored. To create a DTM a set of X, Y, Z data values which describe the surface are required. This might take the form of point surveys or contour strings depending on the source of the data. DTMs are a special type of wireframe model, the file structures of DTMs and wireframes are identical. Some wireframe commands are also used for DTMs, e.g. Write Wireframes is used to save all wireframes, including DTMs. DTM settings The DTM Settings option permits the setting of the key parameters for DTMs.

Use Selected Limit Strings tli dtm-limit-include-switch The selected limits (inner or outer) will form part of the DTM. Duplicate Point Checking tpc dtm-point-check-switch Checks the data for duplicate points. World Coordinates-Off for View Coords tcs dtm-coordinate-switch This controls the plane in which the DTM is generated. The DTM will be created in plan view when on and, in screen view when off.

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Make DTM

md make-the-dtm To create a DTM, a points file must be loaded into Studio first. The resultant DTM will honor any settings and limits that may have been set. A color must be selected to display the DTM.

Undo last DTM

uld dtm-undo-last-link Removes the links between the displayed points of the most recently created DTM.

Selecting Inner and Outer Limits DTM generation may be constrained by closed strings defined as inner or outer limits of the DTM. Limits are created using NewString and must be displayed before the DTM is created. These can represent a two-dimensional outline of the required DTM or they may contain points that are required to make up part of the DTM. If a string represents a two-dimensional outline then only the X and Y coordinates can be used. Select Outer Limit

sol pick-outer-limit Marks the outer boundary of the DTM even if points are displayed outside the limit. When a string is selected as an outer limit, it is displayed as a cyan string.

Select Inner limit

sil pick-inner-limit When a string is selected as an inner limit it is displayed as a green string. Several inner limit strings may be selected. If inner limit strings are being used, there must be an outer limit string.

Deselect One Limit

dli deselect-limit Removes one of the selected limit strings.

Deselect All Limits

dal deselect-all-limits Removes all of the selected limit strings.

Set Point Tolerance

sto set-tolerance Prevents triangles from being created with sides shorter than the value set for this tolerance.

Maximum Separation

mse maximum-separation Sets the maximum side length for any triangle.

New Point Separation

nps dtm-new-point-separation Adds new points to improve the triangulation. This is useful if string data has long segment lengths which can create a wireframe that does not match the data correctly. The separation distance is applied to any new points automatically created. The same separation for adjoining wireframe surfaces should be used so triangle edge lengths correspond at the intersection of the two wireframes.

DTM toolbar Displays the DTM toolbar

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Tools Slice wireframe

slw slice-wireframe Displays the intersection of the wireframe with the view plane. To save the intersection use Convert slice to string and save to a string file.

Convert slice to string csl convert-wireframe-slice Converts a slice or slices through a wireframe into a string or strings. Generate multiple slices

msl multiple-wireframe-slice Generates slices through a wireframe at given interval, parallel to the view plane. There is the option to save the intersections as strings.

Calculate volume

wvo wireframe-volume Reports the volume, above or below a DTM, or within a closed wireframe. A wireframe must be selected and the type of wireframe must be selected (closed or DTM) before the results are displayed in the output window.

Strings from intersections sfi wf-intersections Creates new strings from the intersections of wireframe triangles, where two of more wireframes cross each other. Hull to strings

hts convert-wf-hull Creates strings of the outline of the wireframe as it is displayed on screen. If more than one wireframe overlap, only one outline is generated incorporating the wireframes.

Edit attributes

ewa edit-wireframe-attributes The color and any user defined attribute of a wireframe can be changed to suit. Attribute values can be changed by clicking on the ATT button and using the up and down arrows to select the attribute to edit.

Unlink triangle

utr unlink-triangle Erases a triangle after it is selected and confirmed. Save wireframe before running command because it is not possible to undo.

Unlink wireframe

uw unlink-wireframe Erases a link between two strings after it is selected and confirmed. Save wireframe before running command because it is not possible to undo.

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Boolean operations Studio has several commands, under Wireframes | Boolean Operations, that allow the merging, intersection or splitting of wireframes.

Wireframes are selected according to the chosen selection method. It is important to verify the selected wireframes prior to combing or splitting. This ensures that adjacency data has been generated for each wireframe.

Merge

wme

wireframe-merge

Merge is a surface operation that splits two wireframes where their surfaces intersect. Merge can be used for both open and closed wireframes. After running, each surface is uniquely numbered, this allows individual surfaces to be erased using Erase | Wireframe Surface. Verify each wireframe before merging. Examples Intersecting a Pit Wireframe with a Topography Wireframe The figure below includes a topography wireframe and a pit wireframe. The wireframes share the same GROUP and SURFACE values so, to select them individually, the selection method has been set to Attributes.

When running Merge, two wireframes must be selected. Selected wireframes will be displayed with dashed lines.

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Four surfaces are created by Merge and these are illustrated below. Topo inside the pit

Pit above topo

Topo outside the pit Pit Below topo

1. 2. 3. 4.

The pit above topography (Yellow) The pit below topography (Brown) The topography outside the pit (Light green) The topography inside the pit (Dark green)

Each surface has a different SURFACE number, which makes it possible to erase a surface using Erase | Wireframe Surfaces.

Truncating an Orebody at a Fault The wireframes below represent an orebody that is truncated by a fault. Merge can be used to truncate the orebody wireframe at the fault surface.

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Merge requires each wireframe to be selected in turn; the order does not matter. It creates four separate surfaces: 1. 2. 3. 4.

The orebody to the left of the fault. The orebody to the right of the fault. The fault inside the orebody. The fault outside the orebody.

The resulting surfaces have the same GROUP value but different SURFACE values.

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Erase | Wireframe Surfaces can be used to erase any unwanted wireframe sections.

Union

wun

wireframe-union

Union enables wireframes to be combined. The example below shows a newly discovered shoot (represented by the green wireframe slice), which is to be merged with the original wireframe model of the orebody (represented by the red wireframe slice).

The command prompts for each of the wireframes to be selected in turn. As with all merge and intersect commands, wireframe selection is controlled by the selection method. The resulting wireframe is a union of the two original wireframes.

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Verify each wireframe before union. Make sure the wireframes and strings are saved before selecting union if an intersection string is to be created as above. If not other strings will be saved to the file, not just the intersection.

Intersection

win

wireframe-intersection

Intersection is used to find the common volume of two overlapping wireframes. The resultant wireframe represents the overlap of the two selected wireframes as shown in the example below.

Before Intersection

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After Intersection

Difference

wdi

wireframe-difference

Difference takes two overlapping wireframes and subtracts the second wireframe from the first. A screen shot below is of two wireframes representing a stope with development. The second is a slice through the same wireframes. Difference is used to subtract the development wireframe from the stope wireframe. The stope wireframe is selected first.

The result is shown below.

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Split

spli

wireframe-split

Split is used to split a wireframe along the intersection of the selected wireframe(s) with the current view plane. The following screen captures illustrate a wireframe before and after a Split. Edit | Attributes is used to color one half of the wireframe after it has been split.

After

Multiple split

mus

multiple-wireframe-split

Multiple Split is used to split a wireframe at regular intervals parallel to the view plane. The interval used for splitting must be defined. The following screen captures illustrate a wireframe before and after the Multiple Split. Multiple Split has been used to make it possible to delete a number of the resulting sections.

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Solid hull

soh wireframe-solid-hull Solid operation to find the outer surface for overlapping wireframes. The result is the equivalent of performing wireframe-union commands on the surfaces in the wireframe two at a time until all are merged into a single solid. The method differs from wireframe-union in that the wireframe-solid-hull command resolves the overlap in the selected wireframe.

Update DTM

udt wireframe-surface-merge This is used to update one surface wireframe with another. The new surface is generated using the second wireframe selected to update the surface elevation.

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In the example shown below the Update DTM (Boolean Operations | Update DTM) command has been used to update an open cut pit by adding the new to the existing pit wireframe. The first screen capture shows a slice through the wireframe; different line colors have been

used to define the two wireframes.

The following screen captures show the resultant wireframe after the (Boolean Operations | Update DTM) has been run.

Project DTM to view

pdv wireframe-surface-project Project a wireframe surface to the viewplane to form a solid. The input wireframe should be open and single valued when viewed in the direction of the viewplane. The input wireframe may be several discrete surfaces

Boolean toolbar Displays the Boolean toolbar

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Batch tools Create a DTM

SURTRI Generates a triangulated digital terrain model from perimeter, string and/or point data, subject to optional boundary and string edge constraints.

Add two wireframe files

ADDTRI Combines two pairs of wireframe model files into a single pair of output files. The names of the first two wireframe files may be the same as the output file names.

Calculate center of triangle COGTRI This process calculates the centre of gravity and orientation of each triangle in a wireframe file. Extend wireframe along a trend WFTREND This process creates a dtm wireframe surface which can be extended beyond the data limits by a specified distance using a planar trend surface. Calculate wireframe volume TRIVOL Reports volume and other statistics of a wireframe model. Evaluate model v wireframe TRIVAL Evaluates a standard STUDIO cell/sub-cell model against a triangulated wireframe model. Select data using wireframe SELWF Select records lying inside/outside wireframe models or above/below triangulated (DTM) surfaces. Project string to wireframe PERDTM Project 2D perimeters onto a DTM surface, creating a 3D string. Converts 2-dimensional perimeters to 3-dimensional perimeters by vertical projection into a DTM surface. Strings from wireframe section WIREPE Creates strings or perimeters defining the intersection of a wireframe model with either a single plane or with a family of planes.

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Move wireframe Move wireframe

mw move-wireframe Select the wireframe, to be moved, then select the new location using the mouse.

Copy wireframe Copy wireframe

cpw copy-wireframe Select the wireframe, to be copied, then select the new location using the mouse.

Translate wireframe Translate wireframe

trw translate-wireframe Select the wireframe, to be moved, then select the distance the wireframe will be moved in the X,Y,Z direction.

Move wireframe point Move wireframe point

mpw move-wireframe-point Select the wireframe point to be moved, the selected point will follow the cursor. The point will fix when the cursor is pressed.

Insert wireframe point Insert wireframe point

iwp insert-wireframe-point Press the cursor to insert a point. The point will be linked automatically. The selected point will follow the cursor until the user presses the mouse a second time.

Delete wireframe point Delete wireframe point

delete-wireframe-point Press the cursor to delete a point. The links will be removed automatically. The wireframe must be verified before the command will run.

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Other wireframe commands BLKTRI

Convert block model(s) into wireframe surfaces(s)

DTMCUT

Calculate cut and fill volumes from a wireframe

DTMMOD

Calculate cut and fill volumes from a block model

ISOTRI

Plot an isometric view of a triangulated wireframe model

LINK3D

Link strings to form triangulated wireframe models

LINKPE

Link perimeters to form wireframe models

PITMOD

Create an in pit model

PLOTTR

Plot a wireframe model

PLOTWS

Plot a section through a wireframe

SELTRI

Select records lying inside/outside wireframe models, or above/below triangulated surfaces

TRICON

Contour irregular data or digital terrain models

TRIFIL

Fill wireframes with model cells and sub-cells

WEDGEVOL

Evaluate a wedge volume bounded between two or three DTMs

colour-wf-slice-switch

tsc This alters the way in which wireframing slices are displayed convert-wireframe-slice csl Convert a slice through a wireframe into a new string or strings display-wireframe dw Display the (filtered) wireframe models held in the wireframe files erase-wireframe

erw Erase the data for the selected group from current wireframe files erase-wireframes eaw Erase all (filtered) wireframe data from the current wireframe files erase-wireframe-surface ews Erase the data for the selected surface from the current wireframe files evaluate-wireframe evw Evaluate above or below DTM or within a wireframe. A comparison of the total volume of the cells within the wireframe and the volume of the wireframe is made filter-wireframe-points fwp Turn on or off the display of wireframe points based on filters filter-wireframe-triangles fwt Turn on or off the display of wireframe triangles based on filters

Wireframe User Guide

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multiple-wireframe-slice msl Generate slices through a wireframe at a given interval project-string-onto-wf Project a string vertically to intersect with a wireframe surface wf-slice-switch

twsl Turn on or off automatic display of a wireframe slice

Wireframe User Guide

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