DAP CDA Bangladesh

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This is a re-submission of the Draft Final Report of DAP for CMMP on the basis of the comments given by the TMC member, IMSC member and other organizations. One of the required outputs of the Project is a comprehensive set of detailed plans for the development of Chittagong City. Careful consideration has been given to the types of plan appropriate to the situation faces in Chittagong. The resultant recommendation is that Detailed Area Plans of different Detailed Planning Zones (DPZ). It is proposed that the Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for CMMP comprises twelve (12) DPZs of which 6 DPZs located within Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) Area and 6 DPZs located outside CCC Area. These DPZs are demarcated on the basis of geophysical character, existing land use and administrative boundaries. It has been prepared following consultation with CDA officials, representatives of the local community, govt. and private agencies and NGOs during the preparation of Draft Final Plan and Report. The Report sets outs, in Chapter-1 the board objectives of the DAP area for CMMP. These are to: - Encourage the growth of DAP area for CMMP, - Ensure that DAP area can accommodate the growth of population and economic activity expected in the future, - Guide the spatial distribution of Urban development in the DAP area, - Providing Land use Maps, plans and information at local level in the Geo-graphical Information System (GIS) based data bank, - Providing controls for Private Sector Development in the DAP area, - Providing guideline for future development of government, private and nongovernment initiatives, - Providing planned development to ensure sustainable environment. This chapter also describes the scope of detailed area plan, success and failure of CDA Master Plan-1961, demarcation of study area (Surveyed area) and planning area, demography and socio-economic projections and an overview of the economic activities. Chapter-2 provides an overview of the critical planning issues, existing land use pattern and policy guidelines for residential, commercial, industrial uses, community facilities, culture and heritage. An overview of the existing land use and development patterns by sectors is provided in this chapter. Development issues are raised; objectives, policies and guidelines applicable at the city level are presented. Chapter-3 describes the infrastructure, utilities and environmental issues such as drainage infrastructure, transportation network, utility services and guiding principles for environmental protection and enhancement. Drainage infrastructure provides drainage hierarchy, development in flood flow and sub flood flow zones, issues and policies for flooding and drainage and guiding principles / guide lines for drainage. Transportation network deals with existing road transport, road policies, road classification etc, rail transportation, water transportation and Air transportation.

i

Chapter-4 deals with the detailed development plan proposals of 12 DPZs. The existing issues and proposals are arranged in the sections: Existing situation, existing land use and development status, existing environment issues, higher level of planning, detailed area development proposals, environmental planning. Recommendations relating to these issues are included in this chapter. The land use provision of the DPZ areas have also been illustrated in this chapter. Chapter-5 describes different aspects of institutional arrangements for implementation of the plan package. Currently no single authority has a local planning role. The city authorities (CDA and CCC) have little control on the pace of uncontrollable growth. The role of CDA and CCC has been described in this chapter. This chapter also deals with the legislative provision on land development techniques, control on land development and land sub-division, coordination on lease of land, building rules, culture and heritage, leisure recreation and open space. Chapter-6 describes different aspects of special project plan of Deparpar Lake Front Development and Karnaphuli River Front Development Projects. Chapter-7 deals with the Fixation of priorities of the structure Plan (1995-2015), DAP implementation phases and public sector action program. To achieve targets of structure plan objectives, both sequencing and phasing of projects are important. Coordinated public sector action program is required as a part of Multi-Sectoral Investment Planning (MSIP). As per TOR the consultants were offered an area of 1,80,000 acres (728.44 sq. km) as study (survey) area and out of which 1,30,000 acres (526.09 sq. km) as Planning area for DAP. But in reality, due to accommodation of the fast growing areas and potential growth centres located outside Chittagong City Corporation area, the surveyed area and DAP area are extended up to 1,90,233 acres (770 sq. km) and 1,70,702 acres (671 sq. km.) respectively. The policy should represented the recommendations made in the Structure Plan (1995-2015) as policies and Urban Development Plan (1995-2005) as guidelines for the preparation of DAP.

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Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP) TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................i-ii TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................iii-iv LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... v-v LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... vi-vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .................................................................................. vii-ix

CHAPTER - 01: 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 CHAPTER - 02: 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 CHAPTER - 03: 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 CHAPTER - 04: 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6

BACKGROUND Page No. Background of the Project..................................................................... 1-1 Background of the Detailed Area Plan ................................................. 1-1 Objectives of the Detailed Area Plan.................................................... 1-3 Scope of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) ..................................................... 1-4 CDA Master Plan in 1961..................................................................... 1-5 Demarcation of Study Area (Surveyed area) and Planning Area for Detailed Area Plan ................................................................................ 1-7 Detailed Planning Zones (DPZ)............................................................ 1-9 Demography, Socio-economic Projections and Targets..................... 1-11 An Overview of the Economic Activities in the Study Area.............. 1-12 CRITICAL PLANNING ISSUES: LAND USE Introduction........................................................................................... 2-1 Existing Land use Pattern and Policy Guidelines................................. 2-1 Residential (Housing) Use .................................................................... 2-1 Industrial and Commercial Use ............................................................ 2-6 Community Facilities.......................................................................... 2-10 INFRASTRUCTURES AND ENVIRONMENT ISSUES Drainage Infrastructure ......................................................................... 3-1 Transportation Network........................................................................ 3-6 Utility Services ................................................................................... 3-13 Environmental Protection and Enhancement...................................... 3-28 DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROPOSAL Introduction........................................................................................... 4-1 DPZ-01- Patenga-Halishahar ............................................................... 4-2 DPZ-02- Agrabad -Kotwali ............................................................... 4-16 DPZ-03- Sadarghat-Chawkbazar........................................................ 4-30 DPZ-04- Bakalia-Chandgaon ............................................................. 4-50 DPZ-05- Lalkhan Bazar-Pahartali ...................................................... 4-63 DPZ-06- Panchlaish-Bayzid ............................................................... 4-81

iii

4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 CHAPTER - 05: 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 CHAPTER - 06: 6.1 6.2 CHAPTER - 07: 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 CHAPTER - 08: 8.1

DPZ-07- Silimpur-Kumira.................................................................. 4-94 DPZ-08- Hathazari-Raozan .............................................................. 4-104 DPZ-09- Kulgaon-Halda................................................................... 4-113 DPZ-10- Madunaghat-CUET ........................................................... 4-122 DPZ-11- Boalkhali-Patiya ................................................................ 4-131 DPZ-12- Anwara-Karnaphuli ........................................................... 4-139 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION Implementation of the Plan................................................................... 5-1 The Role of CDA as a Local Planning Authority................................. 5-1 The Role of the Chittagong City Corporation (CCC)........................... 5-2 The Planning Authority in partnership with other Agencies ................ 5-2 Public Private Partnership – Subsidiary Development Companies ...... 5-2 Legislative Provision on Land development Techniques ..................... 5-3 Further Legal Supporting Documents and Legislative Provisions ....... 5-5 SPECIAL PROJECT PLAN Debarpar Lake Front Development ...................................................... 6-1 Karnaphuli River Front Development Project ...................................... 6-5 PRIORITIES AND PHASING Introduction........................................................................................... 7-1 Fixation of Priorities ............................................................................. 7-1 Phasing.................................................................................................. 7-2 Public Sector Action Program .............................................................. 7-2 CONCLUSION Conclusion ............................................................................................ 8-1

ANNEXURE: Annex-1 Annex-2 Annex-3 Annex-4 Annex-5

iv

LIST OF TABLES Table: 1.1 Table: 1.2 Table: Table: Table: Table: Table: Table: Table:

1.3 1.4 1.5 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2

Table: Table: Table: Table: Table Table Table Table

3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10

Table Table Table Table:

3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14

Table: Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4-16 4.27 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23

Page No. Characteristics of the existing population (1991) ........................................... 1-11 Chittagong contribution of to accommodate national urban population growth ............................................................................................................ 1-11 Population projections for the city and the study area 1991-2011 ................. 1-12 Employment structure..................................................................................... 1-13 Estimated breakdown of manufacturing jobs ................................................. 1-13 Major residential schemes undertaken by different organization..................... 2-1 Major industrial sites undertaken by the Government...................................... 2-6 The concerned utility departments/ organization............................................ 3-13 Data of existing status of water supply facilities provided by CWASA up-to January 2007.......................................................................................... 3-13 Status of water supply (existing & future) in CCC area ................................. 3-14 Future development project of CWASA ........................................................ 3-14 Existing gas connections to the consumers in Chittagong area ...................... 3-16 Length of gas pipeline in the Chittagong area ................................................ 3-16 List of Sub-station which are in operation under CMMP area ........................3.19 List of Length of 132/kV Transmission Lines under CMMP Area.................3.20 Types of Consumers and Unit Rates................................................................3.20 Summary of proposal for Implementation of New Sub-station within the next 5 years ................................................................................................3.21 Capacity of telephone lines in Chittagong City Area ......................................3.23 Chittagong Multi-exchange optical Fiber Cable Link, AKTEL ......................3.23 KTI...................................................................................................................3.25 Location of existing fire services within CMMP area and their location and area ........................................................................................................... 3-25 Existing land use features of DPZ-01 ............................................................... 4-2 Existing land use features of DPZ-01 ............................................................. 4-16 Existing land use features of DPZ-03 ............................................................. 4-31 Existing land use features of DPZ-04 ............................................................. 4-51 Existing land use features of DPZ-05 ............................................................. 4-64 Existing land use features of DPZ-06 ............................................................. 4-81 Existing land use features of DPZ-07 ............................................................. 4-95 Existing community facilities of the DPZ-07 ................................................. 4-97 Proposed land use features of DPZ-07 ......................................................... 4-100 Existing land use features of DPZ-08 ........................................................... 4-105 Existing community facilities of the DPZ-08 ............................................... 4-107 Proposed land use features of DPZ-08 ......................................................... 4-110 Existing land use features of DPZ-09 ........................................................... 4-114 Existing community facilities of the DPZ-09 ............................................... 4-116 Existing land use features of DPZ-10 ........................................................... 4-123 Existing community facilities of the DPZ-10 ............................................... 4-125 Proposed land use features of DPZ-10 ......................................................... 4-127 Existing land use features of DPZ-11 ........................................................... 4-132 Existing community facilities of the DPZ-11 ............................................... 4-134 Proposed land use features of DPZ-11 ......................................................... 4-136 Existing land use features of DPZ-12 ........................................................... 4-140 Existing community facilities of the DPZ-12 ............................................... 4-142 Proposed land use features of DPZ-12 ......................................................... 4-145

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LIST OF FIGURES

Page No. Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2 Figure 1.3 Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2 Figure 3.3 Figure 3.4 Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2 Figure 4.3 Figure 4.4 Figure 4.5 Figure 4.6 Figure 4.7 Figure 4.8 Figure 4.9 Figure 4.10 Figure 4.11 Figure 4.12 Figure 4.13 Figure 4.14 Figure 4.15 Figure 4.16 Figure 4.17 Figure 4.18 Figure 4.19 Figure 4.20 Figure 4.21 Figure 4.22 Figure 4.23 Figure 4.24

Structure plan area and study area (Surveyed Area) Planning area and only surveyed Area Location of DPZs within the planning area Location of existing water supply network Location of existing gas supply network Location of existing electricity supply sub station Location map existing telephone exchange Existing land use map of DPZ – 01 (Patenga-Halishahar) Proposed land use plan of DPZ – 01 (Patenga-Halishahar) Existing land use map of DPZ – 02 (Agrabad-Kattali) Proposed land use plan of DPZ – 02 (Agrabad-Kattali) Existing land use map of DPZ – 03 (Sadarghat-Chawkbazaar) Proposed land use plan of DPZ – 03 (Sadarghat-Chawkbazaar) Existing land use map of DPZ – 04 (Bakalia-Chandgaon) Proposed land use plan of DPZ – 04 (Bakalia-Chandgaon) Existing land use map of DPZ – 05 (Lalkhan Bazaar-Pahartali) Proposed land use plan of DPZ – 05 (Lalkhan Bazaar-Pahartali) Existing land use map of DPZ – 06 (Panchlaish-Bayzid) Proposed land use plan of DPZ – 06 (Panchlaish-Bayzid) Existing land use map of DPZ – 07 (Silimpur-Kumira) Proposed land use plan of DPZ – 07 (Silimpur-Kumira) Existing land use map of DPZ – 08 (Hathazari-Raozan) Proposed land use plan of DPZ – 08 (Hathazari-Raozan) Existing land use map of DPZ – 09 (Kulgaon-Halda) Proposed land use plan of DPZ – 09 (Kulgaon-Halda) Existing land use map of DPZ – 10 (Madunaghat-CUET) Proposed land use plan of DPZ – 10 (Madunaghat-CUET) Existing land use map of DPZ – 11 (Boalkhali-Patiya) Proposed land use plan of DPZ – 11 (Boalkhali-Patiya) Existing land use map of DPZ – 12 (Anwara-Karnaphuli) Proposed land use plan of DPZ – 12 (Anwara-Karnaphuli)

1-2 1-8 1-10 3-15 3-17 3-22 3-24 4-3 4-8 4-18 4-22 4-33 4-40 4-52 4-58 4-65 4-72 4-82 4-88 4-96 4-102 4-106 4-111 4-115 4-118 4-124 4-128 4-133 4-137 4-141 4-146

vi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AUW BBS BDR BIWTA BR BS BSCIC BWD BWDB C/A CBD CBO CCC CDA CPAR CDAP CEPZ CH CMCH CMMP CMP CNFEA CNG (3-15) COM COMM CPA CRB CUET CUFL CWASA DAP DC DP DPZ DT ECN ECNEC EIA EN ENV EPZ EW FAR FCD Ft. GDP GEM

: Asian University for Women : Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics : Bangladesh Rifles : Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority : Bangladesh Railway : Bangladesh Survey : Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation : Bangladesh Water Development : Bangladesh Water Development Board : Commercial Area : Central Business District : Community Based Organization : Chittagong City Corporation : Chittagong Development Authority : Chittagong Port Access Road : Chittagong Detailed Area Plan : Chittagong Export Processing Zone : Culture and Heritage : Chittagong Medical College Hospital : Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan : Chittagong Master Plan : Census of Non Farm Economic Activities : Conversion Natural Gas : Commercial : Community Facility : Chittagong Port Authority : Chittagong Railway Bangladesh : Chittagong University of Engineering Technology : Chittagong Urea-Fertilizer Ltd. : Chittagong Water Supply and Sewerage Authority : Detailed Area Plan : Deputy Commissioner : Development Promotion : Detailed Planning Zone : Dhaka Trunk : Economy : Executive Committee of National Economic Council : Environmental Impact Assessment : Environmental Protection/Enhancement : Environmental Quality : Export Processing Zone : East-West : Floor Area Ratio : Flood Control and Drainage : Feet : Gross Domestic Product : General Electric Manufacturing

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GIS GN GoB Govt. H Ha HH HI HIG HOU HS I/A INF IT IWT JBIC KAFCO KEPZ Km. KV LGRD LI LIG LR MI MIG MPO MRT MSIP MU NGO NH NHA NMCT NMT No. NOC NS PC PDB Pop. PRS PRSP PWD R/A REHAB RI RLD RN

: Geographical Information System : Guidance Note : Government of Bangladesh : Government : Hill : Hectare : Household : High Income : High Income Group : Housing : Housing Society : Industrial Area : Infrastructure Services : Information Technology : Inland Water Transport : Japan Bank for International Cooperation : Karnaphuli Fertilizer Company : Karnaphuli Export Processing Zone : Korean Export Processing Zone : Kilometer : Kilo Volt : Local Government and Rural Development : Low Income : Low Income Group : Land Readjustment : Middle Income : Middle Income Group : : Mass Rapid Transit : Multi-Sectoral Investment Programme : Mixed Use : Non Government Organization : National Housing : National Housing Authority : New Mooring Container Terminal : Non Motorized Transport : Number : No Objection Certificate : North-South : Port Connecting : Power Development Board : Population : Prestige Projects : Poverty Reduction Strategy Plan : Public works Department : Residential Area : Real Estate Housing Association of Bangladesh : Residential Improvement : Rural Land Development : Residential New

viii

RO ROW RS SAL SCA SDS Sq. Ft. Sq. Km. Sq. m. Sq. Mile SMA SP SSC Stn. T & T (4-21) TI Tk. TOR UAP UDD ULD UNCHS UNDP WASA WTP

: Recreation, Leisure and Open Space : Right of Way : Revenue Survey : Society of Arts and Literature : Special Commercial Area : Special Development Strategy : Square Feet : Square Kilometer : Square Meter : Square Mile : Statistical Metropolitan Area : Structure Plan : Secondary School Certificate : Transport : Telephone and Telegram : Technical Institute : Taka : Terms of Reference : Urban Area Plan : Urban Development Directorate : Urban Land Development : United Nations Centre for Human Settlements : United Nations Development Programme : Water Supply and Sewerage Authority : Water Treatment Plant

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CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND

01

BACKGROUND

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9

Background of the Project..................................................................... .............. 1-1 Background of the Detailed Area Plan ................................................................ 1-1 Objectives of the Detailed Area Plan................................................................... 1-3 Scope of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) .................................................................... 1-4 CDA Master Plan in 1961.................................................................................... 1-5 Demarcation of Study Area (Surveyed area) and Planning Area for Detailed Area Plan ................................................................. 1-7 Detailed Planning Zones (DPZ)........................................................................... 1-9 Demography, Socio-economic Projections and Targets.................................... 1-11 An Overview of the Economic Activities in the Study Area............................. 1-12

Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

CHAPTER-1 BACKGROUND 1.1

BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Under the project, “Preparation of Structure Plan, Master Plan and Detailed Area Plan” Metropolitan Development and Plan Preparation and Management in Chittagong (BGD/88/052), the Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP) was prepared in 1992-95 by Chittagong Development Authority (CDA) with technical assistance and financial support from UNDP/UNCHS and GoB. This was approved by the government in 1999. The wider context of the area is shown in Figure-1.1 and Study Area is presented in Figure-1.2. 1.2

BACKGROUND OF THE DETAILED AREA PLAN

One of the objectives of the above project was to prepare a comprehensive set of Plans for development of Chittagong. Accordingly the Structure Plan (1995-2015) comprising of a set of policies under twelve sectors and the Outline Urban Area Plan (1995-2005) comprising of a broad framework for development promotion, control and coordination had been prepared. The government has undertaken preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP) on the basis of the Structure Plan and Urban Area Plan. Accordingly an area of about 1,30,000 acres (excluding restricted areas) has been considered for DAP preparation. A further 50,000 acres within the Structure Plan boundary has been identified for survey and mapping only. But in reality, due to accommodation of the fast growing areas and growth centres outside City Corporation area, the surveyed area and planning area are extended upto 1,90,233 acres or 297 Sq. mile (770 Sq. Km) and 1,70,702 acres or 267 Sq. mile (691 Sq. Km) respectively. Out of the total surveyed area, 3801 acres are restricted area. The policy should represent the recommendations made in the Structure Plan as policies and Urban Development Plan as guidelines. The present report, termed of Draft Final Plan Report (Report-IV), contains the purpose and objective of DAP, the reviewing the previous higher level plans infrastructure, critical planning issues, development plan proposals, plan implementation, project plans and incorporation of development proposals in response to the community desire, priorities and phasing of public sector action program.

1-1

Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

Figure 1.1: Structure Plan Area and Study Area (Surveyed Area)

1-2

Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

1.3

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

OBJECTIVES OF THE DETAILED AREA PLAN

The main objective of DAP is to study each particular area in greater detail, formulate strategies for development and prepare detail guidance for land use, control and management. In doing so, it will fulfill the policies of the Structure Plan and Urban Development Plan recommendations and meet the broad objectives of the Plan. Once the DAP’s are prepared the objective is make them be the guiding document for development by all concerned. Considering that no updated physical survey maps or aerial photographs exist with CDA, a major part of the project will be the production of base maps of the project area indicting all existing physical features. These will be recorded at mouza dag level, so that CDA and others can use it effectively. One of the objectives is to record all information in the Geographical Information System (GIS) based data and transfers this skill to CDA technical staff so that this information can be used for day-to-day decision-making. This database can also be updated continuously. As per the TOR, extensive sample socio-economic surveys will be conducted to ascertain the situation and recommend measures to meet present and future needs. Objectives as per the TOR are: a. Providing a basic urban design of good quality (functional and aesthetic quality and flexibility). b. Providing Land Use maps & information at mouza dag level (parcel) as a professional manner (hard & soft) for efficient updating, exchange, dissemination and decision support use. c. Providing a program for public sector action aiming at the implementation of the plan. Multi Sector Investment plan for better and efficient use by identifying the area based on priority, and integration within the DAP and its surrounding regions. d. Providing controls for private sector development in the DAP area. e. Providing clarity and security with regard to future development for inhabitants and investors. The targeted objectives & guideline of the development project could be to initiate and implement through participation. f. Providing guideline for development considering the opportunity and constraints of future development through govt., private and non-govt. initiatives. g. Providing planned development to ensure sustainable environment. Detailed Area Plan (DAP) should be undertaken with the co-operation of the development agencies should co-operate co-ordinate & participate in the process of preparation of DAP for proper planning & development. DAP would be the guiding document for implementation by all concern. GIS based data, map & other information would be the resource, which could be updated as a when necessary.

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Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

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Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

SCOPE OF DETAILED AREA PLAN (DAP)

On the basis of guidelines established in the Structure Plan and the Urban Area Plan, area specific development policies for upgrading, redevelopment, new area development, conservation and protection etc. will be provided. In formulating development proposals for the DAP’s the following will need to be considered as per the TOR: a. The scope of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) is to formulate development proposal in such details as appropriate to the policies of the Structure Plan (SP) and the guidelines of Urban Area Plan (UAP). b. Allocating zones for residential as high, middle, low density (including the disadvantaged group) with indication of Floor Area Ratio (FAR), mixed residential and blocks for residential apartment where it is necessary c. Allocating zones for industrial uses like heavy industrial, light industrial and service industries including waste disposal/treatment plans (household, commercial, industrial, clinical). In all respect the environmental act, rules and guideline will have to be followed. Allocating zones for commercial uses like commercial blocks, shopping blocks, mixed use blocks with different categories (formal and informal) and standard where it is necessary. d. To identify the areas reserved for agriculture, flood flow, public/private open spaces, parks, play ground, play-lots and other recreational uses like green belts, retention pond, water front, natural reservoirs and historical monuments and structures. e. Identification of Hill and Hilly areas and necessary guideline for their conservation. f. The proposed Detailed Area Plan is expected to comprise of an integrated package of amenities and other uses like development of water bodies, open spaces, playground, and recreation and community services. g. Allocating the zones where public utilities, institutions and civic services will be established. Moreover the zone of urban deferred areas, for future development, expanded areas and areas for new development have to be considered. h. To establish an integrated development plan for primary, secondary and tertiary roads. To design traffic circulation pattern and road intersections, drainage, storm water and sewerage line, water line, location of shallow and deep tube-well alignment of gas line, gas station and sub-station, alignment of electricity line, supply station and sub-station and alignment of telephone line. i. To ensure planning principles/standards, gross/net densities, guideline for future development and development control. j. To exercise control over architectural features, elevations frontage of buildings and structures including zoning regulation to regulate location, preservation of heritage, Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and type of buildings within each zone along with allowable deviations. k. To prepare environmental impact analysis for the component of all DAP proposals.

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l. To identify projects for private, public sector involvement along with analysis of Social Impact and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). m. Appropriate mapping, illustration along with report plays a vital role for decisionmaking process and communication among various stakeholders. Previous pilot survey and study revealed that carefully designed viable methodology is the prerequisite for success of such project. So instead of Plane Table survey digital method with specified equipment like DGPS (establishing ground control Point), Total Station (physical feature survey) has to be used. Work must be done in professional manner. 1.5

CDA MASTER PLAN IN 1961

1.5.1

Strategies and Proposals

The first Master Plan for the development of Chittagong was prepared in 1961 when the city had a population of around 365,000 and the Municipality had a population of 1175,000 (East Pakistan Population Census 1961). The authors emphasized that the object of the Master Plan was to establish principles of development rather that to present a detailed, inflexible scheme. They recommended that the proposals should be worked out in detail before implementation, and that the Master Plan should be periodically reviewed. However, in the absence of an established planning mechanism no day-to-day planning activities were undertaken. Two detailed area plans carried out by Consultants were not acted upon. The plan was based upon four strategic assumptions: a) that the port would continue to be important b) that the central business area should be retained c) that development of the low-lying area west of the Dhaka trunk road and southwards towards Patenga would continue and d) that the urban population, growth rate would be 2.25%. All except the last of these assumptions have held good. The urban population growth rate has proved to be higher than assumed. The plan covered transport, public buildings, population, housing, education, open spaces, coast protection, commerce, industry and public utilities. A network of new major roads was proposed and shown on a key plan. Other key plans showed residential area development proposals, open space proposals and industrial area proposals. The chapter on coast protection reported that the Government proposed to build an embankment along the coast, 20ft high with slopes of 1 on 3 on the seaward side and 1 on 2 on the landward side; a possible embankment continuation up the right bank of the Karnaphuli River was mentioned. Hill cutting was considered, with the comments that steep slopes would lead to excessive erosion, which in turn would endanger the stability of residences and cause silting of water courses at the foot of the hills. The report concluded that prohibition of hill cutting would be impracticable, and recommended an orderly allocation of areas to be cut, with stringent control of development in hill areas in order to prevent 1-5

Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

any possible development areas becoming sterilized. It listed areas to be cut as Nasirabad, and then two areas to the southwest, between the Police Lines and Khulshi Road. Road widths were discussed, and provision of extra space for such things as pavements, car parking and trees, but the desirability of leaving reserves for drainage channels was not mentioned. Many proposals in the Master Plan have been implemented, including the intermediate ring road (CDA Avenue), the coastal bund, the Agrabad Commercial area, industrial at Fouzderhat, Nasirabad, Hathazari and Kalurghat, and residential areas at Agrabad and Halishahar. Road schemes not implemented include the inner and outer ring roads, the strand relief road and the east-west link road. A number of the areas zoned for housing, open space and industry have not been developed. The report considered the possibility of developing on the left bank of the Karnaphuli. It argued that while land on the left bank was topographically ideal for development there were strong economic arguments against encouraging its development. It concluded that development on the left bank should not be encouraged “unless and until there is a prospect of the settlement here of some really large industrial enterprise” for which a suitable site could not be found on the right bank. The authors considered that such an enterprise would justify the initial provision of expansive public services, which then might form a nucleus for subsequent expansion of a satellite town to Chittagong. 1.5.2

Success and failures of CDA Master Plan 1961

Many of the peripheral areas proposed for development under the 1961 Master Plan have not been developed, or have been only partially developed. Therefore, this suggests that many of the increases in population over the last 30 years must have occurred through of density within the existing urban area with only limited peripheral expansion of that area. It appears that during this period the bulk of urban development has taken place in most directions away from the old town, other than on the left bank of the Karnaphuli River. To the south and west it has taken place in Agrabad and beyond to the Patenga peninsula, to the west and north-west along the Dhaka Trunk Road, and to the north along CDA Avenue and the Hathazari and Cox’s Bazar roads. To the cast development appears to have been inhibited to some extent by regular flooding of the low-lying land. Apart from some notable exceptions such as CDA residential, commercial and industrial sites, the export Processing Zone, the Port Trust Colony. Housing and Settlement Directorate sites. Military areas and same private residential developments, much of this development has taken place unplanned, many of the buildings being “kutcha” rather than “pucca.” Outside the highest concentrations of development in the old town and along the main thoroughfares in the old uneven, leaving six-storey office blocks standing next to rural plots. The process of transition from rural to urban use appears to be slow, even in central parts of the city.

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Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

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Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

Reasons for Non-implementation of the Provision of 1961 Master Plan

The identified major reasons for non-implementation of development proposals can be summarized as follows. i) Lack of Importance to Urban Planning and Management at Policy and Operational Level

At policy level less importance was laid on urban planning and management. This attitude was reflected in allocation of fund for urban planning and development and restructuring and strengthening of urban planning institutions. Due to weak institutional support the implementation of plans and their timely amendment were hampered. The Town Planning Department of CDA lacked manpower for undertaking plan based projects and other plan amendments activities. Failure to undertake these initiatives seriously affected plan implementation. The master plan was seen (and is applicable even now) as collections of development projects and not as a process. ii) Scarcity of Resources

The emphasis in CDA is on revenue earning projects as it is supposed to be self financing. (Roads and development projects are financed by the government). As planning generates no revenue it is given low priority. It must be understood that planning and management achieves orderly growth and leads to accelerated growth. Thus the recurring expenses for effecting urban planning and management should be funded by the government both with the Authority and the local government. iii) Rigidity of the Master Plan

Master Plan is a rigid concept. In the absence of a planning authority and the formulation of local plans imposed rigidity regarding land uses and this limitation led to uses in contradiction of the plan and it gradually lost its usefulness. Failure to amend the plan proposals as an ongoing professional practice caused many of the plan proposals to turn obsolete over the time. 1.6

DEMARCATION OF STUDY AREA (SURVEYED AREA) AND PLANNING AREA FOR DETAILED AREA PLAN

Physiographically Chittagong Metropolitan Area is different from most of the cities in Bangladesh. Its northern side almost covered by hills. Western side is completely covered by Bay of Bengal. Remaining East and South sides are almost free land but situated on the other side of Karnaphuli River. The existing city Corporation consists of 11 Thanas. These are: 1) Patenga, 2) Bandar, 3) Halishahar, 4) Pahartali, 5) Double Mooring, 6) Kotwali, 7) Bakulia, 8) Khulshi, 9) Panchlaish, 10) Chandgaon, 11) Baizid Bostami The Planning area has been delineated taking the total jurisdiction of Chittagong City Corporation area plus potential growth center of neighboring Thanas.

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Figure 1.2: Planning Area and Only Surveyed Area

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So, during demarcation of planning area for detailed area plan, the urban development along both the sides of major inter-district road network, neighboring growth centers were given importance. The urban development along the Chittagong –Dhaka Road via Shitakundu, Rangamati Road via Rouzan, Khagrachari, Road via Hathazari, Cox’s bazarRoad via Patiya and also Kaptai Road via Rangunia were considered. At present, CDA control area is 1152 sq. km (445 sq. mile) as per 1995 Structure Plan. There are 12 growth centres out side of city corporation area, which are 1) Kumira, 2) Hathazari, 3) Gahira, 4) Rouzan, 5) Madunaghat, 6) Pahartali, 7) Kalurghat, 8) Boalkhali, 9) Patiya, 10) Shikalbaha, 11) Rangadia and 12) Anowara Due to their growth and potentiality those growth centres were included in planning area. In order to accommodate the urban development along the major inters – district roads and neighboring growth centres were included in the Detailed Area Planning (DAP). Thus the Study Area (Surveyed Area) was delineated an area of 1,90,233 acres or 770 Sq. Km (297 Sq. mile) and out of which 1,70,702 acres or 691 Sq. Km. (267 Sq. mile) delineated for Detailed Area Planning (DAP). Considering this present and future growth/development trend within the Structure Plan period. The other remaining areas are mostly agriculture and some old homestead that will not be developed within 10 to 15 years. 1.7

DETAILED PLANNING ZONE (DPZ)

For the purpose of detailed area planning, the entire planning area (1,70,702 acres) has been sub-divided into 12 Detailed Planning Zones (DPZ), of which 6 DPZs falls within the Chittagong City Corporation Area and 6 DPZs falls out side of the Chittagong City corporation area. These DPZs are demarcated on the basis of geophysical character, existing land use and administrative boundaries such as ward boundaries within the City Corporation Area and Union boundaries outside City Corporation Area. These Detailed Planning Zones (DPZ) are: Chittagong City Corporation Area

DPZ 1 DPZ 2 DPZ 3 DPZ 4 DPZ 5 DPZ 6

Patenga – Halishahar Agrabad – Kattali Sadarghat – Chawkbazar Lalkhan Bazar – Pahartali Bakalia – Chandgaon Panchlaish – Bayzid

Outside City Corporation Area

DPZ 7 DPZ 8 DPZ 9 DPZ 10 DPZ 11 DPZ 12

Silimpur – Kumira Hathazari – Raozan Kulgaon – Halda Madunaghat – CUET Boalkhali – Patiya Anowara – Karnaphuli

The above Detailed Planning Zones are shown in Figure no. 1.3

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Figure 1.3 Location of 12 DPZs within the Planning Area

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DEMOGRAPHY, SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROJECTIONS AND TARGETS

According to national population census 1991, the city had a population of about 20 lakh 23 thousand, making total study area population 28 lakh 32 thousand. Chittagong SMA Population (Table 1.3) contribution to national urban population increased from 10 percent in 1981 to 11 percent in 1991 and the actual increase was from 1.39 million to 2.34 million with an average annual increase of 95,000. Table 1.1 and Table 1.2 show the population of the city and the study area and contribution of Chittagong in the national urban population growth respectively. The working age population in the city was near 72%, while about 25% under aged. The literacy rate in the city according to 1991 census was 57.7%. The annual average growth rate from 1991 to 2015 is 4.58% Table-1.1: Characteristics of the Existing Population (1991) Population Sex: Male Female Age: Over 60 Between 10 and 59 Under 10 Religious Group: Muslim Hindu Buddhist Others Literacy (for population aged over 7): Literate Non literate Economic Activity (for population aged over 10): Working Not Working Households Average Household Size (persons)

City Area

Outside City Area

Total Study Area

1392860

1408248

2801108

58.8% 41.2%

51.9% 48.1%

55.3% 44.7%

3.4% 71.8% 24.8%

5.7% 63.7% 30.6%

4.5% 67.8% 27.7%

87% 11.1% 0.9% 1.0%

73.5% 17.6% 3.0% 0.9%

82.6% 14.4% 2.0% 1.0%

57.7% 42.3%

-

-

51.5% 48.5% 252129 5.5

35.6% 54.4% 240924 5.8

43.8% 56.2% 493053 5.7

Source: 1991 Census of Population (as enumerated). Note: All definitions as given in the Census of Population

Table-1.2: Chittagong Contribution of to Accommodate National Urban Population Growth Data Head National Population URBAN POPULATION Percentage of National CHITTAGONG SMA Percentage of Urban

Year 1981 89,900,000 17,0491,000 15% 1,391,000 10.0%

1991 109,900,000 21,550,000 19.7% 2,343,000 11.0%

Source: National Population Census 1981, 1991

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Table 1.3: Population Projections for the City and the Study Area 1991-2015

City Area Outside City Area Total Study Area

1991 14,42,026 6,39,507 20,81,533

POPULATION 2001 20,23,489 8,08,687 28,32,176

2015 33,82,653 10,84,586 44,67,239

City Area Outside City Area Total Study Area

1991-2001 5,81,463 1,69,180 7,50,643

POPULATION INCREASE 2001-2015 13,59,164 2,75,899 16,35,063

1991-2015 19,40,627 4,45,079 23,85,706

City Area Outside City Area Total Study Area

AVERAGE ANNUAL POPULATION INCREASE 1991-2001 2001-2015 1991-2015 58,146 90,611 77,625 16,918 18,393 17,803 75,064 1,09,004 95,428

Source: Population data from the BBS Census of Population 1974, 1981, 1991 and 2001. 1.9

AN OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN THE STUDY AREA

As a port city, Chittagong has traditionally been a major centre for trade and commerce, a role enhanced by partition from India and later Liberation from Pakistan. The port has continued to grow and now handles about 8 million tons of cargo per annum. Chittagong is strategic in other ways. It provides garrisons for the armed forces. It is a major railway centre for the 1meter gauge system, operating in the east of the country. It has an international airport. It houses major government offices and institutions. It is also the second centre of commerce and industry in Bangladesh. Manufacturing industry began to emerge during the 1950’s when the Nasirabad Industrial Area was developed. Other areas followed, at Kalurghat and Fouzderhat. The first heavy industry came to Chittagong in the 1960’s with the building of an oil refinery, a cement clinker plant and a steel mill on the Patenga peninsula. The War of Independence severely affected the economy and output was cut in all sectors. Whilst agriculture recovered rapidly from this, manufacturing output climbed very slowly back to pre-war levels, reaching them only around 1980. Details of the existing breakdown of employment in the City are given in Table-1.4

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Table-1.4: Employment Structure Sector Manufacturing Wholesale, Retail and Trade Financial, Insurance and Business Services Community, Social & Personal Services Public Administration, Defense & Police Utilities Agriculture

No of Jobs City 161,000 121,000 27,000

No of Jobs SMA 201,000 133,000 28,000

48,000 20,000 3,000 8,000

56,000

Transport (incl.80,000 Informal) 120,000 Rest of Informal/Floating Jobs 152,000 Total 660,000 * CNFEA: Census of Non Farm Economic Activities

Sources CNFEA (1986) CNFEA (1986) CNFEA (1986) CNFEA (1986) Team Team Pop. Census (1991) Transport Team (Residual) (Derived)

Source: Working Paper on the Economy.

These figures suggest that the informal sector accounts for approximately one third of the total jobs available in the City. This is substantially lower than the figure often quoted for Dhaka of two thirds. In large measure this discrepancy is 1 likely to be accounted for by differences in definition of informal jobs, rather than indicating a fundamental difference between the economies of the two cities. It confirms however the need for a greater understanding of the economy of both urban areas. Of the manufacturing jobs, we have estimated the breakdown by type to be as set out in Table 1.5. Textiles and garments are overwhelmingly dominant, accounting for half the number of manufacturing jobs. Food, beverages and tobacco, wood and wooden products and metal products each comprise between seven and twelve per cent. Table-1.5: Estimated Breakdown of Manufacturing Jobs Sector

% Manufacturing Jobs

Food, beverages and tobacco Textiles and garments Wood and wooden products Paper, printing and publishing Chemicals, rubber and plastics Metallic mineral products Basic metal industries Metal products, machinery & equipment Other manufacturing Total Source: Working Paper on the Economy.

No of Jobs City

No of Jobs SMA

9 57 7 2 4 4 5 12

20,000 92,000 5,000 4,000 7,000 6,000 8,000 19,000

17,000 114,000 11,000 5,000 9,000 7,000 10,000 24,000

2 100

3,000 164,000

4,000 201,000

An estimate was made in the Working Paper on the Economy, which some 450,000 jobs needed to be created in the City in the next 20 years to keep pace wit h the growth of the workforce, i.e an additional 22,500 jobs a year. For the study area as a whole the indication was that this could expect to be some 55 to 60 per cent higher. It stated that the overriding objective of the Authority should be to encourage the development of the economy of Chittagong, such that the populations have a greater chance of finding the employment and business opportunities they need. 1-13

02 CRITICAL PLANNING ISSUES: LAND USE

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

Introduction.......................................................................................................... 2-1 Existing Land use Pattern and Policy Guidelines ................................................ 2-1 Residential (Housing) Use ................................................................................... 2-1 Industrial and Commercial Use ........................................................................... 2-6 Community Facilities......................................................................................... 2-10

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CHAPTER-2 CRITICAL PLANNING ISSUES: LAND USES 2.1

INTRODUCTION

The existing development and landuse in much of the urban area is the result of piecemeal intervention by individuals and the government in scattered locations in the city and its periphery. In the areas outside the city undesirable ribbon development along the edge of regional roads and along growth centres and bazaars is commonplace. Activities generated by these uses spill into the adjacent roads causing severe disruption to through traffic. In the city, areas formally developed by the government for residential, industrial or commercial purposes have access and utilities, but no development standards. Elsewhere it has taken place without adequate access, utilities and amenities and no guidance or control. Inner city wards have continued to increase in building construction without addition to any other facilities or amenities. Expansion of peripheral areas takes place without forward planning. This results in traffic congestion, water logging and flash flooding, and a general deterioration of the urban environment. 2.2

EXISTING LANDUSE PATTERN AND POLICY GUIDELINES

An overview of the existing landuse and development patterns is provided in the following sections. Development issues are raised, objectives, policies and guidelines applicable at the city level is presented. Further references are made in Development proposals of DPZs in Chapter- 4, Implementation in Chapter- 5 and Guidance Standards in Annex. 2.3

RESIDENTIAL (HOUSING) USE

a) Planned Residential Development (Government and Selected Non-Government):

Some plots have been developed by the government in 18 projects and assisted a private cooperative in acquiring land for 2 projects in the city. These are given in Table 2.1 Table-2.1: Major residential schemes undertaken by different organization Sl. No. 1 2 3 4

Organization CDA CDA CDA CDA

5 6 7 8 9

CDA CDA CDA CDA CDA

10 11

CDA CDA

12 13

CDA NHA

Scheme Katalganj Agrabad Chandgaon Chandgaon (2nd Phase) Fouzderhat Chandrima Halishahar Sholashahar Silimpur Karnaphuli Kalpalok Phase I Phase II Annayana Shershai

Area (in acre) 6 33 41 5.79

No. of plots 51 774 606 83

Land development

13.62 11.97 14.80 10.25 98.93

164 183 22 98 1029

1962-63/1980-81 1999-2000 1963-64 1960-61 1985-90

51.69 40.00 89.42 62 33.10

516 1700

1991-1996 2005-06

1521 338

2007 1950-51

1960-1961 1962-63 1962-63/1973-74 1978-80

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Sl. No. 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Organization NHA NHA NHA CCC CCC CCC CCC

21

CCC

22 23

CCC CCC

24

CCC

25 26

Scheme Feroz Shah Halishahar Kaiballaydham Sugandha Lake City Housing Kobe Housing Sayed Shah Road Bakalia Housing Bakalia Bagarbil Housing Joy Pahar Housing Port City Housing, Madarbari VIP Housing, Dakshin Khulshi Panchlaish Nasirabad

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Area (in acre) 126.13 536.820 41.30 18.00 30.00 3.00 1.00

No. of plots 944 3327 4144 211 520 50 15

Land development

0.54

11

2003

0.90 7.24

15 118

2006 2004

6.00

65

2002

136 165

1950-51 1956-57

170

1961-62

55

1994-95

PWD 69.357 The Chittagong Co42.11 operative Housing Society Ltd. 27 The Chittagong Co- Khulshi 51 operative Housing Society Ltd. 28 The Chittagong Co- Rosevally R/A, 4.74 operative Housing Pahartali Society Ltd. Source: Secondary information from respective organization.

1949-50 1959-61 1988-97 1968 2003 2004 1978

i) ISSUE H1A:

Total allowable units and target population, is not defined in housing schemes. Thus planned provision of urban amenities (school, play grounds, kitchen markets etc) is arbitrary and do not meet local needs when most plots are occupied. Furthermore existing low-density residential estates are transforming into multifamily high-rise apartments with no additional urban amenities or utility infrastructure. Thus supporting facilities are initiated by private sector by default and without permit. POLICY:

H1 to Guide the Re-development of formal Planned Housing schemes

In partnership with private property developers, plot owners are converting single or double unit residences with low plot coverage (less than 50%) into high rise multifamily ( 20 and above) apartments. As per the current Building Rules (1996) these are constructed with excessive plot coverage (72% and above) and high Floor Area Ratio (FAR). Additional provision of urban amenities, community facilities and open spaces, or the impact of generation of solid wastes or sewage, additional requirement for gas, electricity or water are not taken into consideration for the area and the increased population. This Plan recommends reservations for open spaces and amenities, introduction of pedestrian walkways and greenways, and permit transformation after a local redevelopment plan is prepared through dialogue with landowners and relevant government departments. The standards set by the Private Housing Rules 2004 2-2

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(Baysharkari Bhumi Unnayan Nithi 2004) may be referred to. The aim should be to create residential communities, by incorporating creative design talent. (See Annex for recommended guidance). H.1.1 The Authority will not allow overloading and over densification of existing planned areas to an extent that will have an unacceptable impact on the established residential areas. It will consider the impact of noise, traffic generation, air pollution and urban amenities. H.1.2 The Authority will ensure allocation of space/arrangement for solid waste collection, and establishment of urban facilities and amenities and open spaces. H.1.3 The Authority will ensure that housing apartments for families have spaces for children’s play areas within the plot boundaries and in the Neighborhood (NH). H.1.4 The Authority will ensure that there is a designed program of tree planting both roadside and within plots. It will ensure urban amenities and security. b) Densification of Traditional and Established Area ISSUE H1B

Established traditional areas such as Jamal Khan, Lalkhan Bazar, Firingee Bazar, etc. are undergoing the same densification mentioned above, putting tremendous load on existing roads and creating grave deficiency in provision of community facilities and open spaces. As local road networks are poorly developed and non existent this causes extreme congestion on the secondary roads (local distributors). Area Renewal programmes will have to be initiated immediately. The same policies as in H1 will apply. (See Annex for recommended guidance) ISSUE H2A

Buying of serviced plots for speculation and keeping them vacant for long periods. POLICY:

H2 to Better Utilize Serviced and Allocated plots

Government serviced plots (ex. Silimpur, left bank of Karnaphuli) remain vacant for long years (15 years or more). This encourages speculation in land. The practice lacks social equity and is wasteful of scare resources, as it imposes pressure for more developable sites for those who need them. Thus it can largely be viewed as a means of future opportunity instead of effective demand. It should be the aim of this Plan to make recommendations for timely or interim use of serviced sites. H.2.1 The Authority will ensure that serviced plots are utilized within 4 years of its allotment. If for such valid reason construction is delayed short term alternate use (tree plantation, play field, other relevant) has to be carried. After such time fiscal measures such as vacant land tax has to be introduced. ISSUE H2B

Government direct involvement in serviced plots should be restricted to the low income group.

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POLICY:

H2B to make serviced plots to the low income group

Most government plots are targeted to the middle and high income population while deprivation at the low income is the most. All government schemes has to cater for all income groups with particular emphasis to the low income group. c) Planned Urbanization through Land Management Techniques ISSUE H3

Housing projects are initiated in agricultural lowlands and in hilly areas by indiscriminate filling, flattening, subdivision and sales of plots with no standards for provision of, infrastructure or amenities, with or without approval. Individual process of fragmentation of low, waterlogged areas or hills and building activities without environmental consideration is leading to unsustainable urban environment. POLICY:

H3 to improve the existing spontaneous settlements through Land Management Techniques

All peripheral area expansion falls under this category. This Plan suggests introduction of planning mechanisms for upgrading and improvement. It also includes formulating legal provisions to control land subdivision and land filling in the urban and urbanizing areas (See Chapter-5 and Annex). H3.1 The Authority shall identify spontaneous areas which are in unsatisfactory conditions and will initiate area based Land Readjustments, Renewal or Redevelopment schemes. Government shall make provisions for its legal enforcement. H3.2 The Authority shall identify areas for improvement by declaring Neighborhood Renewal areas. Inner city wards are in need of major renewal. A first phase sites may be selected at: a) Sadarghat Area, Alkaran, Firingee wards, Agrabad (ward 25 & 26), Madarbari (ward 19). The proposals for renewal will largely be implemented by the private sector / private land owners with guidance and partnership with the government. d) Revitalization of Government Residential Quarters ISSUE H4 A

Many government staff quarters are dilapidated, and have poor environment and aesthetic settings. PWD, Bangladesh Railway (BR), CPA has major housing sites in the city. Many such buildings have outlived their useful and effective life. ISSUE H4B

Many government sites built in much earlier times have very low density development. These areas now demand high economic use and environmental protection. For example, one storied staff housing for CPA and BR particularly south part colony, north part colony, Jhautala, the Chittagong Rail station area. The economic worth of land is much in excess of the structures. It should be the aim of this Plan to see revitalization of these areas through phased demolition and appropriate redevelopment. POLICY:

H4 to Revitalize Government Housing Schemes

To deal with the first issue, the aim is to add on to the existing stock of housing, redefine affordable/efficient unit size, and make redevelopment financially possible by introducing rentable commercial and parking spaces and making provision for urban amenities, open spaces, playgrounds and fields for the benefit of a wider population. 2-4

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H4.1 The relevant government department shall initiate a phased program to demolish the dilapidated buildings, improve the settings, add additional infrastructure and provide urban amenities to benefit a wider community. H4.2 Government may consider building ownership/ rental units. It should incorporate commercial (office /shopping/ community spaces) for rent or sales. In appropriate locations provision for parking garages/ towers may be built to generate income and meet the need of the city. Provision for green space and playground shall be considered. A tree planting scheme to cover a minimum of 15% of all space is recommended. H4.3 Units size should be rationalized to cater to the affordability of the lower 70% of the population. This range may be from 350 sq. ft. to 400 sq. ft. (LIG) AND 600 sq. ft. to 800 sq. ft. and 850 to 1000 sq. ft (MIG). H4.4 A limited number of accommodations in the ground floor shall be designed for accessibility and use by the physically challenged. e) Low income Housing and Slums and Quarters

There is a huge backlog of housing particularly for the low and middle income group and the poor. Of a total of some 420,000 HH in the city 40% consist of Jhupri and Katcha (Source: BBS 2007). ISSUE H5

The presence of slums is an issue of socio economic deprivation and environmental degradation. POLICY

H5 to conduct a phased program for Upgrading Slums and Squatters

This Plan aims to improve the living and environmental conditions of these areas through land sharing and other such land management techniques as mentioned in Chapter-5. f) New Housing Provision for all Income Groups POLICY:

H 6A to make provision for new housing for all, with particular emphasis to low and middle income groups

The aim of the Plan is make more equitable allocation of housing resources for the LI and lower MI group including housing for industrial workers. In new sites developed by the government and private sector, provision shall be made for a range of unit sizes and income groups. On the basis of the designed population the full range of playgrounds, open spaces and other urban amenities including commercial uses shall be incorporated. With active participation of the private sector government may start a phased programme of building ownership flats with emphasis to this target group. H 6B To make Provision for the High Income Group

The aim will be to provide various sizes of units for the high income group with high percentage of open space, landscaped gardens and other leisure spaces and facilities. Individual plots coverage will range from 10% in designated hilly sites, 30% in other hilly sites and 40 to 60% in other areas.

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INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL USE

Chittagong has a unique opportunity for expanding its economic base and create employment. It has the major port of the country and is the second largest commercial and industrial centre. It has the longest established CEPZ. Two other zones - the Karnaphuli EPZ and the Korean EPZ (KEPZ are upcoming. District-wise Chittagong receives the highest overseas remittances and therefore there is a large amount of investable funds. The development of the new airport, expansion of the EPZ’s, expansion of port activities, proposed embankment along the river and coast provides new opportunities for investment. The Structure Plan estimates the need for 450,000 jobs within the plan period of 2015. a) Industry

There are large public sector heavy manufacturing industries in Patenga and other estates developed by the government in Nasirabad, Kalurghat, Fouzderhat, Mohra, and Sagarika. Table-2.2: - Major Industrial Sites undertaken by the Government Sl. No. 1 2 3

Organization

Scheme

CDA CDA CDA

Kalurghat Mohra Fouzderhat/Sagarika

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

CDA PWD CCC CCC BCSIC BCSIC BCSIC BCSIC BCSIC Central Govt. Central Govt. Central Govt. CEPZ KEPZ

Sholashahar (light industry) Nasirabad Sagarika Chandgaon FIDC Road Fauzdarhat Sholashahar Kalurghat (Old) Kalurghat (Extension) Patiya Patenga Fauzdarhat Kumira Halishahar Patenga

Area (in acre) 200.44 76.84 325.98

No. of plots 58 31 78

42.00 383.93 14.14 11.551 32.00 14.01 12.00 31.54 10.54 560 222

37 396 10 3 159 66 71 255 79 -

Land development 1961-63 1962-63 1961-62 1969-70 1960-61 1950-51 1968 1963 1963 1963 1982-1983 1981 -

Source: Secondary information from respective organizations. (Note: To relate to the Structure Plan, issues and policies under Industry, Commerce, Port and Tourism is categorised under Economy. The numeral used for Policy thus relates to the Structure Plan - where already exists, while new numbers have been given elsewhere. Thus Issue and Policy numbers are not continuous) ISSUE 1 - ECN 4

Many industrial plots are underutilized, vacant or non-functioning. Alternative and incompatible use has taken place. Pressures for more industrial sites are created when existing ones remain largely underutilized. POLICY

ECN 04 Improve Conditions in Existing Industrial Areas and Ensure their Full Utilization

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ECN 04.1 The Authority will coordinate with PWD and relevant government department to ensure full utilization of serviced industrial plots at Nasirabad/Sholashahar I/A, Kalurghat I/A, Kalurghat Noxious Zone, Fouzderhat Industrial Area, Sagarika I/A, and industrial sites at Patenga. ECN 04.2 The industries along the Karnaphuli River at Patenga have insufficient parking and waiting space for vehicles that they generate. Many have high walls, which are on the edge of roads with no plantation buffer or footpaths. ECN 04.3 To stop speculation of serviced plots, industrial plots, if left vacant for more than four years of allotment, should be cancelled and the ownership reverted to the government for reallocation to a prospective entrepreneur for immediate use. ISSUE ECN 5

A number of industries have been permitted in agricultural areas in scattered locations, which are polluting the surrounding land and water canals. Examples are along the Hathazari and Chittagong Cox’s Bazar road. This is against the Policy of the Structure Plan ECN 03 and ECN 05. POLICY

ECN 05.1 Immediate efforts must be made by the Authority / Government to stop all form of untreated discharge into the nearby fields and khals from all polluting industries in designated areas and in isolated locations. b) Small Scale Industries and Commercial Operations

Commerce and small manufacturing operations are intertwined with residential uses and a clear demarcation often cannot be made of this land use category. ISSUE ECN 11

Most small-scale facilities grew up by default rather than design. The structures often have no legal permit; many are on encroached land particularly along the banks of rivers and natural khals. POLICY:

ECN 11 Provide Assistance to Small Scale Industrial and Commercial Operations

Though about one third of the work forces are engaged in the informal economic activities (manufacturing, trade and services) this sector has been underserved by formal government provisions. Planned new areas have to be incorporated within existing uses and in new areas. ECN 11.1 Appropriate provisions for small business and commercial enterprise should be integrated with all formal particularly middle and low income housing development and redevelopment schemes by the government and the private sector. An area of 5 to 10% area may be devoted for the purpose. ECN 11.2 It should be the policy of the Authority/ Government to promote the service sector for quantitative and qualitative improvement. These include: ƒ Private educational enterprise ƒ Computer training and other training facilities ƒ Community centres The following will be in designated areas only. ƒ Automobile and other repair workshops ƒ Construction firms ƒ Small manufacturing 2-7

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ISSUE ECN 09

Commercial development normally consists of only a narrow strip along major city roads. Due to lack of access and lack of overall area plan the rear plots are poorly developed. ECN 9.1 A mechanism to open up privately owned areas at the rear of the front line of roadside development has to be implemented through area development plans (See Chapter-5). ISSUE ECN 9a

To get access to the main road plot subdivisions adjacent to major roads are long and narrow which is inefficient in character. Multiple access is created causing disruption to pedestrian and through traffic movement. Policy ECN 9.2 Statutory control on minimum width of plot frontage in all major roads will be introduced by the Authority. ISSUE ECN 9b

Most commercial areas and sites suffer from lack of parking facilities. Due to inefficient subdivisions the undefined provisions in the current building rules insufficient and inappropriate provisions are made, such as parking space in the most visual part of the ground floor of the building diminishes the city’s aesthetic appeal. ECN 9.3 Parking towers and off street parking sites have to be incorporated in major commercial, industrial and recreational sites. c) Low Income Economic Activity ISSUE ECN 13

Street vendors and very small traders need to carry out their trade for survival. Unfortunately due to lack of considerations by the government for their need for space, they occupy the existing inadequate footpaths and pavements causing interference to pedestrian movement. They are routinely evicted and it is understood that they have to bribe law enforcers and musclemen, to operate. POLICY:

ECN 13 Ensure space provision for street vendors and very small traders in the urban system

ECN.13.1 It shall be the policy of the Authority and CCC to make provision in appropriate locations in the public open space system (which also includes pavements and footpaths) for operations of street vendors and very small traders (hawkers). ECN 13.2 Selected guideline for their operations. ƒ Mandatory requirement to provide say 1% of floor space or 1 vendor /1000sft in all formal shopping malls developed by the government or the private sector. (Actual allocation to be determined by the Authority). Licensed vendors shall be allowed to sell wares in specially designed trolleys in plazas, courts, public corridors and parks. ƒ Other government and private organizations shall make such provision in designated areas where opportunity permits (courts, hospitals, stadium etc) ƒ Additional spaces along the footpaths in appropriate locations (in the urban roads) shall be designated for street vendors. This will be an addition to the mandatory footpath space. Through a licensing system managed by the CCC, these spaces will be formally leased, with control on their operations. (solid waste generation and disposal). ƒ Designated spaces/stalls in parks, playgrounds and other urban spaces will be carefully selected for their operations. ƒ Certain streets may be turned into pedestrian streets on certain days for operations of street vendors and small traders. 2-8

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d) Port:

Of the two ports (Chittagong and Mongla), handling the sea-borne trades of Bangladesh. The CPA accounts for 85% of imports and 80% of exports with total of about 8,500 employees. In addition, it creates employment for some 14,000 others. Imports and exports, increased by approximately 193% during 991-92 to 2002-03 representing an annual growth rate of 6.1% compared to the average annual GDP growth rate of 5.42%. Amongst the many serious problems affecting the port efficiency, serious demand of functional container storage and handling spaces is one of them. 80% containers are stripped in the yard and approximately 20,000-30,000 sq. m. of the container yard is devoted to the stripping of FCL containers. ISSUE ECN 7

The port undergoes severe congestion due to high berth occupancy 80% and more, resulting in longer ship turn-around times, hence more cost to ship owners. It is estimated that 75% of ship waiting time is attributable to non-availability of berthing space. The Structure Plan policy ECN.07 asserts that land for the expansion of the port must be made available, as it is the key to the future success of the economy. POLICY

ECN 07.1 The port and the railway will release land other than operational land within at least half km of the port for port functions. This includes relocating the south colony, the port hospital, the railway hospital, the recreational clubs, north colony etc. (details in area plans) and using these lands for port use. ECN 07.2 The naval installations at New Mooring along with its residential areas should be considered for relocation on the south bank of the river. Port operations and expansion and expansion of the CEPZ are severely handicapped by the presence of the naval establishment. (Refer Master Plan and Trade Facilitation Study Draft Report Vol. 1, Main Text Part 1 page E 5) e) Tourism ISSUE ECN 12

Though tourism is the world’s single largest source of employment, Bangladesh employs only some 1% of total civilian workforce in this sector. The private sector operations could become every big in Chittagong, if government provides a favorable atmosphere. POLICY

ECN.12 Encourage the Development of Tourism in Chittagong and in Adjacent Areas, which could use the City as a Base.

ECN 12.1 The following considerations will be made: ƒ Setting up of tourism information centres ƒ Creating attractive public places such as parks, public plazas and other such public leisure and recreational spaces ƒ Promoting Chittagong’s historic past and events and enhancing its cultural treasures. ƒ Promoting religious tourism, by conserving and enhancing important Islamic, Buddhist and Hindu religious sites. ƒ Conserving and enhancing natural settings of hills, river coasts, vegetation. ƒ Promoting Rural Bangladesh, along with folk arts and crafts, food etc. ƒ Establishing Regional park and Botanical Garden ƒ Promoting weather related tourism by establishing facilities to enjoy the monsoon rains and mild winter. 2-9

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COMMUNITY FACILITIES ISSUE Com 1

Generally speaking community facilities are inadequate and insufficient to serve the existing population and have an uneven distribution. It is the policy of the plan to provide such facilities both by the government and encourage and enforce the private sector to provide such facilities to cater to the needs of a wide section of the population as per quantitative and qualitative standards set by the government /Authority / Local Body. a) Proposal for Administrative and Community Focal Point Objective

The Government shall introduce greater participation and decision making role at the local level by establishing and /or enhancing local community facilities at the local level. POLICY COM 1 To make physical provision to accommodate the strengthening role of local government and ensure community participation at the local level

COM 1.1 This Plan recommends creating a central focal point for local governance and community interaction in each zone. The site area will vary according to availability of land. Recommended minimum is 1 acre. This administrative and community meeting ground will have the following facilities: ƒ

ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

Office space: CCC (ward), Planning Authority (present CDA), office of any relevant utility service (PDB, WASA, gas etc), other services passport, election commission, other relevant) Some rental office space to generate operating funds and recoup development costs. Conference and community halls (large/small) for government use and for rent. Community library and IT centre (to be operated on commercial basis) Community college: for skill building, training and skill enhancement. Some general rental areas-shops/ restaurants for income generation Public toilets Sufficient facility for parking of public and private vehicles. Location should be connected to the public transport route network.

COM 1.2 Each ward office will have an identifiable area with its set of buildings for the community and local government. Reservations will be made in new areas. In the existing city the Authority/CCC will coordinate to identify sites and implement schemes. COM 1.3 All ward offices shall be upgraded to reflect its status as a local government service facility. The ward offices in each ward will be networked with the zonal office and the main city office. POLICY COM 2 To ensure adequate provision of education, health facility and kitchen markets in all

neighborhoods COM 1.4 The Authority will ensure that adequate facilities are provided at the city scale and in all NH. The existing Government 2004 and the standards recommended in the CMMP as is appended in the Annex.

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RECREATION, LEISURE AND OPEN SPACES

Recreation, Leisure and Open Space

Currently there is a severe deficiency of all kinds of recreational open spaces, public plazas and public amenity spaces. At the national level there is no Open Space Policy or a recreation and Leisure policy. At the city level, CDA and CCC has little obligation to provide parks and open spaces. Twenty-six proposals for various types of open spaces recommended in the Master Plan 1961 received negligible attention. Where scope exists, these proposals will be reconsidered. The Structure Plan policy, ‘PRS.03 Protect and Enhance Significant Areas of Open Space within the City,’ sets the basis for protection of open spaces in the city. ISSUE

Very few parks, playgrounds and public open spaces under recreation and leisure use have been consciously created. Potential sites have been abused, destroyed and generally not been considered for protection, enhancement and use as public open spaces. Lack of funds is cited as inability for reserving and creating open spaces RO 1 POLICY

It shall be the aim of the Authority and the Local government to see the development of a wide range of indoor and outdoor leisure and recreational facilities and urban amenity areas, catering to the needs of a wide section of the population. It should aim at improving the quality of life, attain environmental sustainability, support the city’s reputation and improve its appeal. RO 1.1 Sites should be accessible by public transport. RO 2 POLICY

To introduce and establish Institutional Mechanism to Conserve and add to Open Spaces in the City and Surroundings

RO 2.1 A department named Chittagong Parks and Recreation Department should be incorporated with City Corporation who will maintain close liaison with the Planning Authority for acquiring, designing and maintaining parks and open spaces. The Authority will also establish parks and Open spaces as a continual programme. RO 2.2 The Authority /CCC/ government should make a 20 year plan for implementation of a parks and open space system. This may be termed as the "Chittagong Green Spaces programme". Suitable Open Spaces in the city with all government organizations (including all government) shall be designed and maintained as public open spaces. RO 3 POLICY

To Protect, enhance and add to the city’s stock of parks, playgrounds and other open space lands to improve the quality of life, and protect the natural and built environment.

RO 3.1 The Authority and the CCC/Local Government shall establish cooperation between private landowners, private developers, companies, the government, environmentalists and professionals to establish a system of open space; made up of hills, ponds, gardens, walking and cycling paths and tree lined boulevards. Efforts will be made for public open spaces as an interconnected system. RO 3.2 The Authority and the Local government should acquire open space lands particularly with high probability of loss of conservation. Innovative measures may be adopted to generate revenue from such lands.

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RO 3.3 Public access to the shorelines such as the Karnaphuli and Halda river and coasts within the urban area has to be protected and enhanced. A network of linear opens spaces may be made by linking and making better use of river valleys, natural drainage canals such as the Chaktai, khal, Moshehk khal, etc. Greening of edges of khals and disused railway tracks should be considered. This will have a significant impact upon improving the city as a place to live. RO 3.4 Special buffers of opens spaces shall be created to separate neighborhoods and communities from canals, manufacturing and production sites/ brick fields and other urban sites. RO 3.5 The Authority and the CCC/Local Government will work with the private sector, central and local government and other institutions to facilitate the provision of a range of multipurpose indoor recreational facilities. RO 3.6 The government /Authority will consider and cooperate for expanding major sporting facilities. RO 3.7 The use of the rivers, canals and other large water bodies will be encouraged for recreational facilities, angling and making them clean. RO 3.8 The Authority/CCC/ Local Government will provide a good distribution of safe and attractive areas for informal recreation and play spaces for young children in its own schemes and impose such provision to be met in schemes of others, both private and public. Where this has not been provided; efforts will be made for provision for such spaces in existing settled areas. RO 4 POLICY

Mandatory government provision and innovative ways to generate funds from public, private, institutional, and fiscal measures shall be introduced. 2.7

CULTURE AND HERITAGE

Chittagong has a long and varied cultural past. Due to being a major maritime port the heritage of Chittagong is enriched by contribution from diverse races and cultures. It flourished as a port of the Kingdom of “Harikela” from about the 14th century onward. The Arakans, Sultans from Bengal, Mughals (1670), Portuguese, and the British (1517) came here to trade and to rule. Great personalities visited this region. The city made notable contribution to the Quit India Movement (1931-34) and the Independence movement. ISSUE CH 1 Little traces to embody the eventful past, is evident in the city and its surroundings. Conservation of Chittagong’s cultural and historic treasures or its old settlements with its trees and water bodies has not been in the planning and development agenda. Heritage structures and sites have remained unrecognized and unrecorded. They have been neglected, disfigured, altered, encroached upon or demolished in the name of development. The Structure Plan recognizes the need for listing and conserving such buildings, monuments and enhancing their settings. Development of high profile projects for enhancing the prestige of the city had been advocated in the policy; PRS.02 Conserve buildings and monuments of cultural, architectural and historic interest

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A preliminary schedule of areas and buildings requiring preservation and conservation for historical, architectural environmental or ecological point of view is given in Annex 04 In addition to building sites, important historical events and personalities should be recognized in the development agenda. Heritage and cultural conservation should form an integral part of the planning and development control process within CDA and CCC. In pursuance to the above Structure Plan PRS 02, the Authority CCC/ Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation/Government will acquire and protect open space lands, with special consideration to archeological and historical resources, unique sites and views and visits. POLICIES

CH 1 To provide Recognition to Historical events and persons who have made major contribution to society.

CH 1.1 The Authority shall coordinate with the CCC, relevant government, academic institutions and societies to collate relevant information and make a formal listing. CH 1.2 It will coordinate with CCC / Local Government /cultural societies to record historical events, personalities and make a phased program to upgrade and enhance the sites for conservation, thereby promoting tourism and leisure and recreational opportunities. CH 1.3 To provide opportunities for tourism, the Authority may recreate historical settings. This will create interest for visitors and provide employment opportunities in tourism related activities. It would revitalize the city. POLICIES

CH 2 To provide statutory control on conservation of listed building and sites

CH 2.1 The Authority should have a “Heritage Committee” consisting of historians, architects, urban planners, noted personalities in the academic and cultural fields with interest in history, heritage and town planning. The development control process must ensure that these listed sites/ structures are not affected by any development proposals. These treasures need to be on ‘Display’– to preserve them for posterity and in doing so generating income through tourism, leisure and recreation. CH 2.2 The Authority/ Government /CCC will make provisions for the promotion of arts and crafts, music including spaces accessible for artists and artisans to make a living. The Authority will work with the Shilpa Kala Academy, Arts College and the private sector to encourage the expansion of art in the city. For example: Retaining walls along major scenic roads such as the Battali Hill area, Prabartak Shanga, War cemetery road, may be devoted to sculpture and murals. CH 2.3 The Authority /government /CCC will promote public art in the city such as sculpture, murals, and spaces for outdoor performances and displays. CH 2.4 The Authority /CCC /Local Government will make provision for promoting cultural events such kite flying, Boli khela, Polia Baishak and make provision for such spaces.

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03 INFRASTRUCTURES AND ENVIRONMENT ISSUES

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

Drainage Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 3-1 Transportation Network ....................................................................................... 3-6 Utility Services................................................................................................... 3-13 Environmental Protection and Enhancement..................................................... 3-28

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CHAPTER-3 INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT ISSUES 3.1

DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE Major Elements & Principles of Drainage System

Unfortunately, minimal importance was given in planning and implementation of storm sewers in our cities. Existing drainage network in Chittagong is not an exception to it. In the existing urbanized areas one will find, tertiary, secondary and primary drains of various sizes having no relationship with the catchments they are serving. In the detail area plan, now being produced, we will try to establish a drainage hierarchy to be followed in the city drainage network. Additionally, following the drainage study of Chaktai Commercial Area, we have adapted basic drainage principles to suit our requirement. These guiding principles will be elaborated in the following paragraphs. 3.1.1

Drainage Hierarchy

We have divided all the drains and khals into five basic categories. They are: • • • • • 3.1.2

Open channels like khals and rivers Primary drains Secondary drains Tertiary drains and Plot drains

Open Channel (khals & rivers)

Existing khals, rivers and the proposed new khals fall into this category. The khals and rivers are natural water bodies currently being used both as storm sewer and sanitary sewer. The cross sections of the existing khals and rivers are varied in size. New khals has fixed dimensions based on engineering calculations. Chaktai Khal, Rajakhali Khal and Mirza Khals are a few of the major khals draining the city of Chittagong. These khals, eventually, find their way to the river Karnaphuli. 3.1.3

Primary Drains

These are constructed drains, often made of brick masonry and or concrete. Primary drains are the main collector drains of the city. It collects discharges from the secondary drains. A primary drain discharges its load to a khal like Chaktai khal or a river like the Karnaphuli. Drain running parallel to a primary/district distributor road is termed a primary drain in the proposed detail area plan. The drains were sized keeping a definite relationship with the adjacent road. The width of a primary drain will be in the range of 10 ft to 20 ft depending on the width of the road running parallel to it. All primary/district distributors will have primary drains on both the side of the roads.

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Secondary drains

A Secondary drain falls into a primary drain. For the purpose of this report, drain running parallel to a local distributor road is a secondary drain. Secondary drains, in most cases, are made of masonry and or concrete. Tertiary drains fall into secondary drains. A secondary drain is smaller in size compared to a primary drain and bigger in size compared to a tertiary drain. A secondary drain will have a width of 8 ft and will be built on both the side of a local distributor road. 3.1.5

Tertiary drains

Tertiary drains rank fourth in the drainage hierarchy. Tertiary drains are constructed drains and run parallel to access roads. For the purpose of this report, a tertiary drain will have a minimum width of 1.5 ft to 3.5 ft. Tertiary drains, too, are made of masonry and or concrete. 3.1.6

Plot drains

Plot drains are meant for draining a developed or undeveloped plot. In a developed plot these drains are generally made of brick masonry. Earthen/katcha drains are used in undeveloped plots. Plot drains drain the surface run off from the plots to the tertiary drains. Plot owners generally decide the size of these drains. The restrictions on width mentioned above are applicable to developing areas where city will expand in the future. In the existing densely populated urban areas, since the primary, secondary and tertiary drains are already in existence, the width restrictions mentioned above will not be applicable. Here, the city will try to increase the existing drain sizes to the aforementioned required level by offering some incentive to the plot owners, if possible. By utilizing land re-adjustment technique, the city authorities can implement schemes like widening of roads and drains. In any case, tertiary drains in the existing dense urban areas should be, at the least, 1.5 ft in width. 3.1.7

Development in Flood Flow and Sub Flood Flow Zones

A river in its flow regime maintains a width within which the flood flows and sub flood flows occur during flooding time. Land development within the designated flood plain areas requires control to avoid obstruction to flood flow, which might otherwise result in adverse hydraulic effects like rise of flood water levels and change in flow direction. Main flood flow zone is the cross sectional area of a river that carries the dominant flood flow whereas sub flood flow zone is that area which conveys the flood water only during high tide and storms. We have discouraged development in the flood flow and sub flood flow zones. 3.1.8

Hydrology (Flooding & Drainage)

A.

ISSUES

Flooding and water-logging are two main concerns of the city authority and are considered as major constraints for the planned development of the city. This, on the other hand, points its finger to the root cause of the problem: in-efficient storm water drainage system of the city. To mitigate the flood and waterlogging problem, the issues that are required to be addressed in the Detailed Area Plan are:

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Encroachment of drainage channels Silt load in the drainage channels from hill cutting and denudation of hills Pollution: indiscriminate dumping of solid waste in the drainage channels Flood retention basin & flood plain Tidal flooding & cyclonic surges Implementation of Storm Water Drainage & Flood Control Master Plan for Chittagong, 1995

POLICIES

Chittagong structure plan, 1995 prescribed policies for flood control and drainage. Policy FCD-01: Take action related to the ancillary issues covered by the storm water drainage and flood control master plan. Actions proposed under the above policy were: • • •

Check encroachment into drainage channels Reduce silt load from hill cutting Reduce pollution of drains

Policy FCD-02: Encourage implementation of the first phase works of the storm water drainage and flood control master plan. The following works costing about BDT 89 crores in 1992 market price were proposed as high priority phase-1 works of the Chittagong Storm Water Drainage & Flood Control Master Plan. Phase -1 works: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Construction of silt traps in drainage areas 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, and 7 of the Drainage Master Plan Local improvement to drainage channels and removal of obstructions like water supply pipes, service pipes etc. in drainage areas 2, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b & 7 Improve main khals and construct storage ponds in drainage area 2 Supply gates for tidal regulators in drainage areas 2 & 3 Construct tidal regulators in drainage area 2 New primary, secondary & tertiary channels in drainage area 3 Improve primary and secondary channels in drainage area 5a Construct new khal and storage pond in drainage area 7 Construct new khal MCC 3 in drainage area 5b Construct tidal regulators in drainage area 3 Construct embankment and tidal regulators between points A & M in the Drainage Master Plan (Patenga to Dry-dock) Supply gates for tidal regulators in Contract 11 Improve secondary and tertiary channels in drainage area 2 Improve Mirza/ Mirza by pass junction and Hizra Khal in drainage area 5b Improve secondary and tertiary channels in drainage area 3 Improve secondary and tertiary channels in drainage area 5b West Procurement of maintenance plant

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GUIDING PRINCIPLES / GUIDE LINES

While proposing detailed drainage network for the detailed area plan, we have based on certain guiding principles. These guiding principles/guidelines were derived as an outcome of the case study on Chaktai Commercial Area. Chaktai Commercial area is the oldest business hub of Chittagong. Major Khals draining Chittagong, like Chaktai khal, passes through this area. The River Karnaphuli borders the area on its eastern side. Additionally, it is a commercially important part of Bakalia, which was given the recognition of a thrust area for future development in the Structure Plan for Chittagong, 1995. All this factors were considered while identifying the area for conducting the case study. A location map of the study area is given in Figure 1.2. In the DPZ maps produced as a part of the detailed area plan, these guidelines were applied while proposing the drainage network. For ensuring legibility of the maps, in some cases, some of the details of the drainage network were not shown. In those cases, no matter whether the details are shown in the maps or not, the guiding criteria mentioned below will apply. Guiding principles/ guidelines

C.1

Drainage Master Plan 1995 will be followed in planning a storm sewer network for the city. Rehabilitation of khals, excavation of new khals, building of embankments, sluice gate, regulators, navigation gates, excavation of retention ponds and silt traps will be incorporated in the detail area plan as proposed in the aforementioned drainage master plan. In areas not covered by the Drainage Master Plan, new proposals by the DAP study team were incorporated in the Detail Area Plan.

C.2

While rehabilitating an existing khal, the areas of illegal encroachments will be decided by comparing old Mouza maps like R.S. & B.S. Maps with the present physical feature survey maps produced by the DAP team. While rehabilitating khals, all endeavors are to be made to maintain a minimum width of sixty feet and forty feet in all primary and secondary khals respectively in the rural and semi-urban areas. In the built-up area within the city, khal sections provided n the drainage master plan is to be followed.

C.3

Water bodies like rivers, khals, retention ponds, flood plains, drains etc. should occupy at least ten percent of the area covered by each zone. It will be necessary for delaying the flood flow reaching the main drainage channels and also for recharging ground water table. Water bodies may become a part of mandatory open space. Basing on the contour maps, appropriate low-lying areas for locating the retention ponds will be identified. The retention ponds will be mainly used for retaining water during heavy rains. It will delay the discharge of surface run off to the storm sewer system. Coupled with a fore bay at the entry of the retention pond, the system may also work as a silt trap. A park like atmosphere can also be created centering these floods retention ponds.

C.4

A mandatory green corridor/pedestrian area/drainage reserve is to be kept on both the sides of the natural khals. Since unlined khals in the rural areas are exposed to bank erosion, this mandatory reserve should be at least one hundred feet on each side of the khals and rivers in the rural areas. In the semi-urban rural settlements, this mandatory green corridor on each side of the natural khal may be reduced to fifty feet. In the existing city and in exceptionally dense areas, this mandatory green reserve may further be reduced to twenty feet on each side of a natural khal.

C.5

There should be provisions for drains on both the sides of all primary distributor roads, district distributor roads, local distributor roads and access roads. A drainage reserve

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equivalent to 1/8th of the road width should be kept on each side of the road. This drainage reserve will be in addition to the proposed road reserve/width. Total right of way should be calculated by including carriage way, drainage width, utility duct space, foot path space etc. Where it is not possible to allocate enough space for drains as outlined above, particularly in the existing built up area within the city, drains can be provided within the right of way of the existing road. It can be covered for simultaneous use as foot path C.6

An interceptor khal may be thought of at the base of the hills, at the least one hundred yards from the base of the hills. Basing on the physical feature survey map, the bases of the hills are identified in the detail area plan. These interceptor khals, in addition to slowing down the surface run off, will also work as silt trap, eventually reducing the silt load coming to the drainage system.

C.7

At the base of the hills, at the confluence of tidal khals and on flat lands, because of sudden reduction in flow velocities siltation is expected. Since the topography will not permit it, construction of self-cleansing channels and drains is not possible within the city. Therefore, even without hill cutting, siltation is expected in Chittagong. We cannot stop siltation completely. Under the circumstances, we will have to adopt measures to reduce silt load in our drainage system. Regular de-silting, maintenance of khals and drains are to be practiced. There should be budgetary provision in the city budget for yearly de-silting of khals and drains within the city.

C.8

All existing ponds of 0.5 acre and above are to be retained and preserved. These ponds are identified in the zoning maps. These ponds should have specific identification numbers. If for ensuring clarity of drawing, the identification numbers can not be shown in the proposed land use map, then a database with this information is to be created and preserved for future reference. The database should become part of this document.

C.9

Natural khals and drains are being used as open sewer in Chittagong. This is an unacceptable practice. Eventually, we will need reticulated sewer system. When required, green corridor/drainage reserve proposed to be kept by the side of the natural khals may be used for installing underground sewers. This will save the city from the costly exercise of digging existing metalled roads for installing underground sewage lines.

C.10

Dumping of solid waste in the natural khals and drains is a common practice in Chittagong. It is a behavioral problem. Massive campaign for creating awareness against indiscriminate dumping of solid waste in our drainage system is necessary. Chittagong City Corporation may consider ten to twenty percent reduction in holding taxes for the owners of dwelling units maintaining year long waste free environment surrounding their properties.

C.11

Hills in an around Chittagong do not have any forest cover. There should be a massive plantation program for these hills. Trees in the hills will delay surface runoff reaching the city khals and drains.

C.12

Uncontrolled and unplanned hill cutting is to be stopped. Hill sand eroding out of these hills during rainy season after an irresponsible hill cutting and leveling is one of the major causes of siltation of khals and drains in Chittagong.

C.13

For controlling quantity of surface run off coming to our storm sewer system, a green roof or an overhead rainwater reservoir can be made mandatory in all new developments. In the face of looming risk of shortage in the supply of potable water, these overhead reservoirs harvesting rainwater might bring immense benefits to the city dwellers.

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TRANSPORTATION NETWORK 3.2.1

Road Transportation

Chittagong is the major port city, the main commercial capital of the country and the gateway for Bangladesh. Productivity of the port depends partly on the efficiency as to how the port is operated, but it also depends on the efficiency of transport connectivity to and from the port to inland destinations. Chittagong port has a unique geographical location, with respect to the hinterland countries as and regions, namely Nepal, Bhutan, Northeast India, Northern Myanmar and Yunnan province of China. The importance of Chittagong could increase tremendously if regional traffic is allowed to use the port, for which capacity augmentation of port facilities, though both public and private sector investment would be essential. Considering the importance of the Chittagong city and the port from both national and regional points of view, its transportation system ought to be efficiently and well developed to cater to the future transport demand. To this end, some policies need to be adopted, to address some of the deficiencies. In order to serve both the city and the port traffic, as well as the regional traffic, it was found that many of the road links recommended by the Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP, 1995-2015) were supported by the JBIC study of 2005. Further analysis under the Chittagong Detailed Area Plan, revealed that most of the links suggested by these two studies are infact required to be developed in a phased manner. Under the Chittagong Detailed Area Plan (CDAP), it is proposed to promote two ring roads, in the city. These would be called the “inner ring road” and “outer ring road”. Most of the road links for the two ring roads are already in place, except the following links. For the inner ring road

•

The road along the proposed Karnaphuli riverside flood protection wall, connecting Strand road to the new crossing of the Karnaphuli at Shah Amanat Bridge (CMMP & JBIC)

For the outer ring road

•

• • •

The section between Dhaka Trunk road and Bayzid Bostami road (CMMP). For this section of the road, a right-of-way of around 36 metres has already been acquired and earth work is under way. The section between Chittagong Hathazari road and Kaptai road (CMMP). The right-of-way for this section has already been acquired for a width of 18 metres. The section between Kaptai road and the proposed Karnaphuli Bridge-4 (beside Kalurghat bridge), (JBIC) A road from Karnaphuli Bridge-4 (beside Kalurghat bridge) to Shah Amanat Bridge (JBIC)

The northern part of the outer ring road will also serve as the Chittagong bypass road. The outer ring road, when completed, will therefore, serve both city and regional traffic and will greatly reduce traffic congestion on the inner city roads. The inner ring road, when completed, will help in distributing traffic around the city and thereby reduce traffic congestion in the city centre. The missing links of these two ring roads naturally deserve priority in terms of resource allocation and emphasis on their early implementation. 3-6

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The other road links which deserve priority attention, and which could contribute a lot in reducing pressure on the inner city roads of Chittagong, are as follows: (1)

Construction of a coastal road to run parallel to the existing embankment starting from the mouth of the Karnaphuli river, and construction of an interchange to link the coastal road with the Chittagong port access road (JBIC)

(2)

A new road linking the Chittagong bypass with Zakir Hossain road (CMMP)

(3)

A new road linking the Chittagong bypass with Arakan road (CMMP)

(4)

Widening and improvement of short-cut link between the Coastal road on west side of the city to Agrabad Access road (CMMP)

(5)

A major East-west link on either side of the new Karnaphuli bridge road to open up the southern part of Bakalia area, Chittagong Detailed Area Plan (CDAP)

(6)

Another major road to link Bahaddarhat intersection with New Karnaphuli River road and Flood Protection Construction Project to open up the northern part of Bakalia area (CDAP).

A number of road links have also been proposed by the Detailed Area Plan (DAP) of Chittagong Metropolitan Area to open up some of the new areas. An initiative should now be taken to develop an effective and efficient arterial road network, which could provide a grid-iron system with lots of alternative links available for movement in different directions. Development of a number of these links as primary roads could provide such a grid-iron system. The old part of the city may be divided into two areas with differing characteristics. On the western part, there are many Bus and Tempo routes and there are several dual carriageways and 2-lane roads of moderate width. There are several shopping centres on the main network of the roads in this area. The traffic is a mixture of motorized and nonmotorized vehicles that flow steadily but rather slowly. On the eastern part, which is close to the river Karnaphuli, the original import, export, wholesale and commercial district is located there. There are thousands of small businesses located here. Roads are narrow thus commercial vehicles have no access and there are acute loading and unloading problems in that area. The eastern part is partially accessible to river traffic via the Chaktai and other canals. There is a little motorized traffic here. There are large number of Rickshaws and other non-motorized transport in that area. According to a traffic survey undertaken by JBIC in 2005, it was found that Baby Taxis and Rickshaws together account for about 80-90% of the total volume of public transport vehicle on the street. Buses, including Mini-buses account for only 8% on average, in terms of number of vehicles on the road. However, as Buses carry about 25 times more passenger than rickshaws and 17 times more than Baby Taxis, Buses contribute in carryup large number of passengers, compared to Baby Taxis and Rickshaws. It is, therefore, important to improve bus transport operation is the city, till such a time, the city can afford to go for the development of a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) System, for which initiative shall have to be taken, based on the experience of Dhaka city, where, it is expected that rail based MRT will be installed, say within the next 7-10 years. While the emphasis should be there to improve public transport system in the city on priority basis, if would also be necessary to provide adequate support to the NonMotorized Transport (NMT) as well, particularly as a feeder system to the major road corridors, where buses are expected to play.

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Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

Due to the presence of a large volume of Non-Motorized Transport in the city, the major traffic intersections cannot function properly and efficiently. It was also observed that most of these intersections are not properly designed as well for smooth functioning. This issue needs to be addressed urgently, and important traffic intersection designed properly. In Chittagong city, there is serious shortage of organized parking space for which Vehicles Park along the different parts of roads, offers near the intersection occupying one or more than one lane. This causes severe traffic congestion at the intersections and at other places on the road. The bus stops are also not properly designed. Actually there are no bus stops. All buses stops here and there and loading/unloading of passengers are carried out at everywhere along the road according to the drivers will. This situation is also true for Tempos. For efficient transport movement in the city, organized vehicle parking both onstreet and off-street, should be available in difficult parts of the city. In case of Rickshaws, Tempos and Taxis, there should be waiting places earmarked for these vehicles. All the measures supported above if adopted and implemented, the Chittagong city’s transport system will improve tremendously. To this end some of the policies, which are required to be adopted and implemented, are indicated below: ROAD POLICIES 1) Development of 2-ring roads of better distribution of traffic

The Issue: in the absence of well defined network of roads in the city, certain roads which could have made valuable contribution in efficient distribution of both local and long distance traffic, within the city, they cannot do so at this moment The Policy-TR/1: Two ring roads, one “inner Ring Road” and the other “Outer Ring Road”

needs to be developed in Chittagong City by properly linking the existing roads and by completing some missing links. Policy Implementation: CDA needs to take the initiative, supported by Chittagong City

Corporation, to develop these ring roads, which will make the traffic distribution much more efficient 2) Development of major arterial network of roads to establish a grid-iron system The Issue: In the absence of several alternative roads for east-west and north-south movement in a city, traffic tends to get concentrated in a few roads, thereby creating congestion. The Policy-TR/2: It is important that the major road networks of Chittagong City, together

with some of the links proposed under CMMP, JBIC and Detailed Area Plan (DAP), be developed in such a way that a grid-iron pattern of roads emerge. Under DAP, these networks /links have already been identified Policy Implementation: CDA should take the initiative to develop the Grid-Iron” pattern of road system in line with the recommendations made in DAP 3) Road Classification, adoption of Geometric Design Standards and implementation of ROW The Issue: In the absence of a proper road classification, the city road network is not

developing in an organized manner. CDA has not adopted as yet any geometric standards for different classes of roads in the city. Roads are, therefore, being developed haphazardly. Over and above, the Right of Way (ROW) for new major roads are not being strictly earmarked, as a result lot of compensations are required to be paid for major road development in the city.

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Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

The Policy-TR/3: Road classification needs to be properly established, together with

adoption of proper geometric design standards for different classes of roads, as recommended under the DAP. The Right of Way (ROW) for all new primary and secondary roads to be earmarked, and incremental road development to be encouraged towards achieving the final network of roads. Policy Implementation: CDA will be required to establish a proper road classification

based on a specific study to identify the primary and the secondary as well as other roads. In order to earmark the ROW for all new primary and secondary roads, road geometric standards proposed in this Detailed Area Plan (DAP) should be adopted officially by CDA, and initiative taken to implement these strictly, including earmarking the ROWs, where no other type of development other then roads should be allowed. CDA should revive the former “Traffic Control Committee” established in August 2004, to address the problems of traffic congestion in the city. CDA should hold consultation with this committee as well as the “Expert Committee” which was established by the Traffic Control Committee, before lunching the study on road classification. For implementation of primary and secondary road networks, it would be cost efficient to adopt incremental road network development towards achieving the final network. 4) Service Lanes along Primary Roads The Issue: In the absence of strict traffic Management, a substantial portion of major roads

are being used for parking, storing building materials, garbage collection or for selling goods. This situation drastically reduces the traffic carrying capacity of the road network. It is, therefore, important to find a proper solution to this problem. The Policy-TR/4: All new primary roads should have service lanes, to serve the local needs. Policy Implementation:

1. Traffic management should be strictly enforced to keep the city road space free from temporary encroachment. Penalties could be enforced for violations. 2. As part of permanent solution, service lanes should be introduced on both sides of primary roads, so that the middle portion of the road could be fenced out and made available for faster movement of traffic. (Please see the geometric design standards of the roads proposed for adoption as part of Detailed Area Plan). While the fast moving through traffic and city buses will be using the middle portion of the road, all other movement to serve the land uses on both sides of the road will take place along the service lanes. Bus bays should be provided at certain internals, so that buses do not block fast moving traffic. There should be limited number of access, say at an interval of 1 km or more from service lanes to the middle portion of the road. 5) Reserving space for utility service lines

In the absence of organized planning approach, and lack of coordination, among different departments providing utility services in the city, various departments concerned start cutting city roads at different times to install their services. There are two types of issues involved here firstly - there is no reserved space along the road, where utility services could have been installed from the very beginning. As a result the departments concerned install their utility services at different locations under the road surface leading to frequent cutting. Secondly -there is no coordination among different departments as a result, they start digging the road at different times in a year, causing great inconvenience to traffic movement. The Issue:

The Policy TR/5: Reserve space for utility service lines along main (primary /secondary) roads.

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Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

Policy implementation:

a) The road geometric standards proposed in the DAP, for different classes of roads such as primary, secondary and others should be approval by CAD officially, to be followed by issuance of a notification for their adoption by all agencies, building roads within CDA area. b) A separate notification to be issued by CDA for information of all utility service providing agencies to place their service lines in the space earmarked for that purpose in all new primary and secondary roads where the ROW is 80′ and above. 6) NMTs’ to provide feeder services only The Issue: Presence of Non-Motorized Transport (NMT), mainly “Rickshaws” along main

roads has adverse impact on the efficiency of the motorized vehicles whose faster movement is essential for the city productivity. But at the same time rickshaws play a significant role in the urban transport context providing transport services to the inner areas of city. Rickshaws also represent an important source of employment and income for low-income people. Although rickshaws are environmentally sound, it must be recognized that they are inefficient, inhumane and unsafe as a means of transport. The Policy TR/6: NMTs could continue providing a role of feeder transport between inner

areas of the city and the main roads. All major roads should therefore, be free from NMTs. Policy Implementation

1. CDA in consultation with the “Traffic Control Committee” (mentioned under policy -1) to identify major roads, which should be made rickshaw free. Separate consultation should also be held with the rickshaw owners association to motivate them and to gain their support for introduction of restriction. 2. In order to provide for the rickshaws as much circulation space as possible in the inner areas, which have mostly residential and mixed land uses, many of the roads may have to be widened and some of the missing links completed. The DAP has already identified, as part the Detailed Planning zones (DPZ) those missing links and sections to be widened. CDA should take necessary measures to implement the DAP recommendations concerning widening some of the roads, and construction of some missing links. 7) Reorganization of bus transport operation in the city The Issue: Bus transport, as an important and significant component of multi-modal public

transport system in Chittagong city has many deficiencies and offers a generally poor level of service. Too many owners are operating their buses in each route, because bus ownership is fragmented. As a result competition builds up to capture passengers sometimes at great risks. It is, therefore, necessary to re-organize the existing bus operation, and promote “bus industry consolidation” into larger operating units, so that bus route franchising becomes possible to improve quality of services. The Policy TR/7: Bus transport, as an important component of a multi-modal public transport system in the city, needs to be re-organized to promote “bus industry consolidation” to introduce “bus route franchising” to improve quality of services. Policy Implementation:

CDA should bring this issue of improving bus transport operation, to the attention of “Traffic Control Committee” and discuss the modality as to how to go for “Bus Industry consolidation” with a view to install “Bus Route Franchising” to improve quality of passenger services. “Bus bays” should also be provided in all major routes to facilitate smooth movement of other vehicles while buses are stopping to serve the passengers. 3-10

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Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

8) Improvement of major traffic intersections The Issue: A survey of major city traffic intersections revealed that none of these are

properly designed; as a result congestion is a regular feature in many of these intersections, especially during peak hours. Generally speaking, traffic management is also not up to the mark at these intersections. It is necessary to improve these intersections based on proper design. Improvement of major intersections will make traffic movement smooth and safe and also reduce congestion provided traffic rules are strictly enforced particularly, not to allow any waiting of rickshaws near the intersections. The Policy TR/8: Major Traffic intersections are to be designed properly Policy Implementation: Chittagong being the second largest city in the country, it is expected to grow and generate more traffic. CDA should therefore, take the initiative to get all the major traffic intersections surveyed and traffic counts taken, leading to proper designing, so that CDA could take initiatives to implement the designs. 9) Improvement of Pedestrian Facilities in CBD area

A sizeable percentage of daily trips in Chittagong are made on foot, particularly in the Central Business District (CBD) area. But there is acute shortage of pedestrian facilities in the city. Most of the roads do not have, footpaths and some roads have footpath only on one side. Again, wherever footpaths exist, these are not in good condition, and often occupied by hawkers, creating problems for pedestrian movement. In the absence of proper footpaths, people use part of the road space for movement. Priority should, therefore, be accorded to development of pedestrian facilities in CBD and around all major intersection, to enhance safety of the people moving on foot. The Policy-TR/9: Pedestrian facilities to be improved in the CBD area of Chittagong city Policy Implementation: CDA should take the initiative to motivate Chittagong City Corporation (CCC) to build six feet wide footpaths along major roads in CBD. Wider footpaths around major intersections and shopping areas would be desirable. Pedestrian over bridges should also be built at major intersections. The Issue:

10) Earmarking Parking and Waiting Places for vehicles The Issue: In the absence of organized “parking spaces” for different types of vehicles

such as a) cars, jeeps etc. and b) “waiting places” for taxis, tempos and rickshaws, vehicles are parked all over the places in the city, creating acute congestion at certain periods of the day. The Policy-TR/10: Both on-street and off-street parking spaces should be created for cars/Jeeps in different parts of the city. Similarly “Waiting Places” for Taxis, Tempos and rickshaws should also be earmarked at different places in the city. Policy Implementation: CDA, in consultation with the “Traffic Control Committee” mentioned earlier should take the initiative to earmark places for “car parking” and “waiting places” for Taxis, Tempos and rickshaws, in different parts of the city. 3.2.2

Rail Transportation Railway Policies The Issue: At present Bangladesh Railway (BR) provides train services between Hathazari

and Chittagong in the north and between Dohazari and Chittagong in the south. These are very poor quality services. As a result, both Hathazari and Dohazari have not developed as a satellite towns, with very good transportation to the mother city Chittagong, where more and more people could have found attractive to live but still continue to work in Chittagong

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Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

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The Policy-TR/1: BR should explore the prospects of developing commuter rail services

between Chittagong-Hathazari and Chittagong Dohazari. This issue needs to be linked to the possibility of developing both Hathazari and Dohazari as planned towns with some economic and tourism activities to create employment opportunities. Policy Implementations: BR to take lead together with CDA and LGRD Ministry and Urban Development Directorate to explore possibilities of developing both Hathazari and Dohazari as modern and attractive towns to live, having efficient commuter rail services to and from Chittagong. Rail connectivity to Chittagong Port needs to be more efficient The Issue: Out of total container traffic that Chittagong Port handles per year, 70% are destined to Dhaka area. But out of that traffic, only 11% is being carried by Bangladesh Railway (BR) now. The rest of the containers are destuffed and the contents are carried by road to Dhaka. To develop this situation, BR needs to improve the carrying capacity, increase its line capacity, and the railway track in Chittagong Port to be realigned, to allow full length train handling. A number of proposals are being discussed to improve BR’s capacity. These include double tracking Tongi-Bhiarabbazar section and also Akhaura-Laksham section, to make the entire Dhaka-Chittagong double track. Another proposal is there to establish a chord line between Laksham-Fatullah to provide shorter rail link between Dhaka and Chittagong. Initiatives are already in hand to reform the operational side of the railway. Donor assistance of around US$850 million is already committed for a number of projects which are expected to improve BR’s performance considerably. The Policy-TR/2: Urgent action needed to improve rail connectivity to the port for efficient handling of containers to and from Dhaka. Policy Implementation: BR to take urgent initiative for improving rail connectivity to Chittagong Port, with a view to handle at least 50% of the containers destined to Dhaka. 3.2.3

Inland Water Transportation IWT Policies 1) Developing of IWT container terminal in Chittagong Port Area The Issue: Currently, container traffic between Dhaka and Chittagong is handled only by BR and road transport. There is a great potential for Inland Water Transport (IWT) to handle a portion of the container traffic between Dhaka and Chittagong. BIWTA has already taken the initiative to develop IWT Container Terminal at Pangaon (near Dhaka). But supporting faculties are required to be developed at Chittagong Port area to handle these IWT based container traffic. The Policy-TR/1: IWT container handling facilities need to be developed in the port area,

for handling the barges that will carry the containers Policy Implementation: BIWTA together with CPA should take the initiative to develop the

required facilities to handle IWT based container traffic 3.2.4

Air Transportation

Chittagong airport is located at the southern tip of the Patenga Peninsula. The Chittagong airport facilities have been upgraded, and it has already been recognized as an International Airport. The main access road to Chittagong airport currently passes through congested port area of the city. It is desirable to have another access road to the airport, perhaps on the western side along the coast. Origin and Destination survey has been done at airport to determine the passengers preferred route. 3-12

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3.3

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

UTILITY SERVICES Survey of the existing status of the urban utilities has carried out by collecting information from the concerned utility departments and field survey on utilities like Water supply, Gas supply, Electric supply, Sewerage & Drainage system, Telecommunication system, Fire services, Solid waste Management etc. The concern utility departments/ Organizations responsible for utility services are shown in Table-3.1. Table-3.1: The concerned utility departments/ Organization Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3.3.1

Utility Service Water Supply Gas Supply Electricity Supply Telecommunication System Sewerage System Fire Service Solid Waste Disposal

Department/Organization Chittagong WASA/CCC/Privately Bakhrabad Gas Systems Ltd. Power Development Broad, Chittagong BTTB /Mobile Co. Chittagong City Corporation/CWASA Chittagong Fire Services & Civil Defense Chittagong City Corporation

Water Supply System

The Water supply in Chittagong City Area provided & maintained by Chittagong Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (CWASA) from Ground & Surface water source by Deep tube wells and water treatment plants. There are 67 Nos. of Deep tube wells in operation, 1 No. of surface water treatment plant and 1 No. of Ground Water Treatment plant supplying water. About 35%-40% of total water supply in CCC area are supplied by CWASA and rest water other than CWASA, Army, Navy, Air force, Railway, Chittagong Port Authority, Industries & some domestic consumer are producing water privately for their own consumption by DTWs, surface water treatment plant, Deep set hand Tube-well, ponds and wells. Detailed data of existing status of water supply by CWASA shown in Table-3.2 and the enclosed location map showing Deep Tube-well and water treatment plant of CWASA. Amongst the government organizations Bangladesh railway producing water from seven DTWs and surface water from the Foy’s lake. Status of water supply (existing and future) in CCC area shown in Table-3.3 and future development project CWASA shown in Table-3.4. Table-3.2: Data of existing status of water supply facilities provided by CWASA up-to January 2007

Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Item

Unit

Quantity

Length of water line Deep tube wells in Operation Surface Water Treatment plant Ground water treatment plant Capacity of Surface water treatment plant Capacity of Ground Water Treatment plant Reservoir & Elevated Tank Capacity of Reservoir & Elevated Tank High Lift & Buster Pumping Station Total Service connections Privately owned Deep tube well in operate Street Hydrant connections Religious institute connection

Km No. No. No. MLD MLD No. ML No. No. No. No. No.

602.06 67 1 1 90 67.5 14 142,000 6&3 43,062 5 689 371

Source: CWASA

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Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

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Table-3.3: Status of Water Supply (Existing & future) in CCC area Sl. Total no Population of Average Total consumption Production the area consumption required according by existing No. of DTW (Existing) (in year) of water per to population of (DTW) person area (MLD)

1.

67

2.

67

25,62,711 (2007) 35,11,671 (2015)

Less Percent More DTW production (%) less required for of water production the area over (MLD) of water existing

160 L/P

410 MLD

207 MLD 203 MLD

49%

116 DTW

160 L/P

561 MLD

207 MLD 354 MLD

63%

202 DTW

Source: Consultant DDC - 2007

Table-3.4: Future Development Project of CWASA Sl. No. 1 2 3

4 5 6

Project Name

Water Production Capacity/day (MLD)

Status

Mohara Water Supply Project Madunaghat Water Supply Project Karnaphuli Water Supply Project

90 MLD

___

Re-tendering activities stop due to court cases Agreement between CWASA and Contractor & Consultant Signed Short listing of Engineering Consultants done and invited proposal from short listed consultants. 68% of total work completed

___

DPP Approved by ECNEC

___

Record of discussion between Implementation Survey team of Republic of Korea (KOICA) and CWASA on the preparation of Master plan for water supply & wastewater management for Chittagong city signed.

3rd Interim Water Supply Project Rehabilitation of Mohara & Kalurghat WTP Preparation of Master plan and feasibility study for priority work for water supply & waste water management for Chittagong city under Assistance of KOICA

45 MLD 180 MLD

Source: CWASA - 2007 A.

ISSUES

1. About 60% to 65% of the total population are not covered with the water supply network of Chittagong WASA, only about 40% of the total demand of water in the city supplying by CWASA 2. Shortage of water line 3. Shortage of DTWs in operation 4. Shortage of Surface water production 5. Shortage of water service connection 6. The development projects of CWASA mentioned in Table-3.4 are not going in production due to some administrative and financial problems. 7. Though CWASA is not in a position to supply water to all the city dwellers, it charges an abnormal price for allowing them to sink deep tube-wells. So domestic user are discouraging legal sinking of deep tube-wells though unauthorized sinking of deep tube-well is continuing unabated.

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Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

B.

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

POLICIES

1. All the projects mentioned in future development should complete immediately to produce more water. 2. About 354 MLD of more water will be required within year 2015. This can be met up by sinking 202 DTW, but these huge nos. of DTWs sinking are not recommended, about 200 MLD of water can be produce through Surface Water Treatment Plant from Halda & Karnaphuli river and completing the future development project of CWASA as shown in Table-3.4. 3.3.2

Gas Supply System

The gas supply in Chittagong is provided and maintained by Bakhrabad Gas System Ltd. The existing gas supply network distribution pipe line with ring main location shown in the map enclosed. In Chittagong area total 2,58,035 Nos. of gas connection provided by Bakhrabad gas system limited in residential industrial and commercial sector. Gas connections in industrial and commercial sector are not sufficient in Chittagong. The existing Gas connection to the different consumer is shown in Table-3.5 and the existing length of pipeline in different diameter gas pipe in the Chittagong area shown in Table3.6. The supply of gas in Chittagong comes from Bakhrabad Central Gate Station to ring main pipeline. Table-3.5: Existing Gas Connection to the Consumers in Chittagong area Sl. No. Type of consumers 1 House holds/ connection 2 Commercial holds/ connection 3 Industrial holds/ connection 4 Power generating Plant 5 Fertilizer factories 6 GNG filling station 7 Tea Garden 8 Capacity. Power

Nos. of Consumer 254,675 2,398 848 4 3 24 1 82

Source: Bakhrabad Gas System Limited-2007

Table-3.6: Length of Gas pipeline in the Chittagong area Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Diameter of Gas pipe line ‫״‬24 ‫״‬20 ‫״‬16 ‫״‬12 ‫״‬10 ‫״‬8 ‫״‬6 ‫״‬4 ‫״‬3 ‫״‬2 ‫״‬1 ¾‫״‬

Total km 33.28 35.03 9.72 4.17 34.8 67.39 69.21 164.41 177.33 725.15 876.80 453.23

Source: Bakhrabad Gas System Ltd. - 2007

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A.

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

ISSUES

The entire area of Chittagong City Corporation provided with gas supply. The gases also supplied out side CCC are provided gas connection to different consumers. Gas consumption in domestic, industrial and vehicular (CNG filling station) are increasing vary rapidly in comparison to the increase of gas supply. So gas supplies for different consumers are to increase by Bakhrabad gas supply limited. B.

POLICIES

The future work schedule to extend the gas facilities in the Chittagong are taken by Bakhrabad Gas System Ltd. as follows: a) b) c) d)

Gas supply to Korean EPZ Gas supply to Karnaphuli EPZ Gas supply to Sikalbaha 150 & 225 MW Electric Generating Plant Construction of 33.00 km pipeline from Smutang Gas field to Bakhrabad Chittagong Gas Transmission line for extension of gas supply to the Bakhrabad gas supply network. e) Construction 20-inch dia 24 bar 36 km pipeline to Chittagong Ring Main Pipe line to eastern leg. On completion of the above work program by the Bakhrabad Gas system Ltd. the gas facilities will extent to the consumer. The gas consumers are increasing very rapidly; with in 2015 all types of consumer will increase, in spite of residential & industrial consumers, CNG conversion of vehicle is increasing rapidly, so CNG filling stations are to be increase immediately. There are only 24 Nos. of CNG filling stations in Chittagong. All Patrol pumping station are to provide with CNG filling facilities to avoid the sufferings of the consumers. 3.3.3

Electricity Supply System

The electricity facilities provided by Power Development Board (PDB) within CDA Area 216.37 sq. km. The list of existing substation, which are in operation under CMP Area shown in Table-3.7. Total length of Transmission line and their capacity in KV under CMMP area shown in Table-3.8. Unit charge of consumption of Electricity for the consumers according to their type such as residential, commercial, industrial etc. are shown in Table-3.9. Under Greater Chittagong power distribution project phase-III, the following schedules of work will be carried out in the fiscal year 2007-2008. 1. Extension and Rehabilitation of 7 Nos. 132/33 KV and 21 Nos. 33/11 KV Substation 2. Construction and Renovation Distribution Line 3. Installation of Capacitor Bank 4. VHF Inter-linking After Study of Load Flow, Load Forecast, Voltage Drop and System Loss, Consultant of GCPDP, Phase-III hope that in the following Location New Sub-Station needs to be installed within the next 5 years (within 2012). This proposal given in the Design and Planning Documents that prepared for the nearest Existing Sub-Station and submitted to GCPDP, Phase-III shown in Table-3.10

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Table-3.7: List of Sub-station which are in operation under CMP area Name of SubStation and ID Number Agrabad SubStation-01 Bidyut Bhaban 11kV Switching Station-02 Pahartali SubStation-03 Halishahar SubStiation-04

Voltage Level

132/33kV Transformers Capacity

33/11kv S/S.

33/11kV Transformers Capacity

Location

2x16/20+1x10/13.33=53.33MVA

Near Karnafully Shisu Park Bidyut Bhaban Area-PDB

11kV Switching Station

-

33/11kV S/S. 132/33/11kV S/S.

Kulsi Sub-Station05 Jalabad SubStation-06 New mooring SubStation-07 Patenga SubStation-08 Stadium SubStation-09 Pathar ghata SubStation-10

132/33/11kVS/ S. 33/11kV S/S.

2x16/20=40 MVA 2x44.1/63MVA =126MVA 1x25/41.7KVA =41.7MVA 2x44.1/63MVA =126MVA

2x10=20MVA

A.K.Khan Gate Moor Opposite of Karnafully EPZ

2x16/20=40MVA

Foyez Lake

2x16/20=40MVA

Near Poly Technical Institute Near Nayer Hat

33/11kV S/S.

2x10/12.5=25 MVA

33/11kV S/S.

2x10/12.5=25 MVA

33/11kV S/S.

2x16/20=40 MVA

33/11kV S/S.

2x16/20=40 MVA

Near Air Force Base Near M.A. Aziz Stadium Near C&B Colony

Reazuddin Bazar 11kV Switching Station-11

11kV Switching Station

-

Reazuddin Bazar

Solashahar Station-12

Sub-

33/11kV S/S.

2x16+1x16/20 = 52 MVA

33/11kV S/S.

2x16/2 = 40 MVA

Kalurghat Station-13

Sub-

Near Bangladesh Oxyzen Moor Near B.A.D.C Road

Mohra Station-14 Bakali Station-15 Madarbari Station-16

Sub-

33/11kV S/S.

2x16/20=40 MVA

Sub-

132/33/11kV S/S. 33/11kV S/S.

Sub-

2x48/64 MVA =128 MVA

2x16/20=40 MVA 2x16/20=40 MVA

Near Kaptai Road Moor Naar Bakalia Thana Near Kadamtoli (East Madarbari)

Oxyzen 11kV Switching Station17 Fouzdarhat SubStation-18

11Kv Switching Station

Oxyzen Moor

33/11kV S/S.

2x10/13.33=26.66

North Fouzdarhat

Hathazari SubStation-21 Fish Harbour SubStation-25

33/11kV S/S.

1x12.5=12.5MVA

33/11kV S/S.

2x10=20 MVA

Near Hathazari Bus Stand Near Marine Fisheries Academe

Rampur Station-28 Muradpur Station-29 Juldah Station-30 Grand total

Sub-

33/11kV S/S.

2x16/20=40 MVA

Sub-

33/11kV S/S.

2x16/20=40 MVA

Sub-

132/33kV S/S.

2x48/64 MVA=128MVA 498 MVA

of

Near Halishahar KBlock Pole Factory Near Muradpur Moor North of Marine Academy

687.196 MVA

Source: PDB-2007

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Table-3.8: List of Length of 132/kV Transmission Lines under CMP Area Sl. No. 01

02

03 04

05

06 07 08

09 10

Name of 132 kV Transmission Line Madunaghat-Khulshi Line(runs through the Chittagong Metropolitan City area) Khulshi-Baraulia (runs through partly over city area and partly outside city area) Khulshi-Halishahar Runs through Chittagong City area Halishahar-Sikalbaha (including Karnafully river crossing) Madunaghat-Sikalbaha (including Karnafully river crossing) Sikalbaha-Shah Mirpur Shah Mirpur-Juldah Sikalbaha-Bakalia including River Crossing of 1.8 km Bakalia-Khulshi Khulshi-Halishahar including 2 km of 4 Ckt. in EPZ areas

Length of Line Km 12.7

No. of Circuits Single Ckt.

Nos. of Tower/ Pole 40 (T)

16(Part)

57(T)

17.5

Double on double Ckt Tower Single Ckt.

12.9

Single Ckt.

47 (T)

Before GCPDP Phase-I 1st circuit in phase-I & 2nd circuit Before Phase-I in 1966 Phase-I

16.1

Double Ckt.

57 (T)

Phase-I

9.077 5.703 2.214

Double Ckt. Double Ckt. Double Ckt.

Phase-III Phase-III Phase-III

1.8 19 14

Double Ckt. Double Ckt. Double Ckt. & 4 Ckt.

34 (T) 22 (T) 10 (T) 7 (T) 1 (P) 37 (T)/61 (P) 33 (T) 27 (P) 11 (T) EPZ 4 Ckt.

53 (T)

Construction

Phase-III Phase-III

126,994

TOTAL Source: PDB- 2007

Table-3.9: Types of Consumers and Unit Rates SL.No. Qualifications of consumers 1

2

3 4

5

6

7

Rate per unit

Class-A: Residential (household) a) 1st step 000 to 100 units b) 2nd step 101 to 400 units c) 3rd step 401 to upwards

Tk. 2.50 Tk. 3.15 Tk. 5.25

Class-C: Small industries a) Flat rate b) Off pick hours c) Pick hours

Tk. 4.02 Tk. 3.20 Tk. 5.62

Class – D: Non-residential (light and power) Class – E: Commercial a) Flat rate b) Off pick hours c) Pick hours Class-F: Industrial category a) Flat rate b) Off pick hours c) Pick hours Class-H: High pressure, for general use (33KV) a) Flat rate b) Off pick hours c) Pick hours Class-J: Street light and pump

Tk. 3.35 Tk. 5.30 Tk. 3.80 Tk. 8.20 Tk. 3.80 Tk. 3.14 Tk. 6.73 Tk. 3.58 Tk. 3.03 Tk. 6.15 Tk. 3.86

Source: PDB- 2007 3-20

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Table-3.10: Summary of proposal for Implementation of New Sub-station within the next 5 years Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Location Near Patenga Sea Beach Area North Side of Ananda Bazar, Middle Halishahar Munsurabad CSD Godown Area Near GEC Factory, Garibullah Shah Majar Dampara Rahmatgonj Area Near Proposed International Women University Wazdia (West Side of Wazdia Madrasha) Bakalia, Balirhat Area Near Chowdhury Hat, Fateyabad (South Side of Chowdhury Hat) Near S. Alam Steel Mill, Under the area of Karnaphuli Thana Near Bhatiary, City Bus Stand Area Near Choto Kumira Kalatali Moor, Cox’s Bazar Bidyut Bhaban Switching Station, Cox’s Bazar

Type of KV of S/S. 33/11KV 123/33/11KV 33/11KV 33/11KV

Remarks Under CMP Area Under CMP Area Under CMP Area Under CMP Area

33/11KV 33/11KV 132/33/11KV 33/11KV 33/11KV

Under CMP Area Under CMP Area Under CMP Area Under CMP Area Under CMP Area

33/11KV

Under CMP Area

33/11KV 33/11KV 33/11KV 33/11KV

Out of CMP Area Out of CMP Area Out of CMP Area Out of CMP Area

Source: PDB-2007

For implementation and energizing the above sub-station and their 11kV out Going Feeding linking some 33kV line and 11kV line may be needs to construct beside the roads of the above area and its surroundings A

ISSUES

Due to rapid increase of residential buildings, industries and commercials enterprises consumption of electricity increasing rapidly, were as supply of electricity is not increasing as per load demand of electricity. So load shedding occurs in supply of electricity to the consumers. Due to frequent load shedding occurs in the city area the household dwellers and other consumers in commercial and industrial sector are suffering badly, DTWs pump houses cannot supply water up to the mark, which causes shortage of water supply. Electric generations are to increase immediately. New sub-station and distribution line construction are to increase as required B.

POLICIES

The list of future plans with in CDA area under above project the scope of works is: 1. 2. 3. 4.

350 km new distribution line construction 153 km new distribution line renovation 10 Nos. 33/11 KV New sub-station installation 4 Nos. 33/11 KV Sub-station Renovations.

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3.3.4. Telecommunication System:

The telecommunication in the Chittagong city area is provided and maintained by BTTB, Chittagong through telephone exchanges located at different places in the projected area. The location of telephone exchanges, cabinet boxes, poles etc. are shown in the physical feature map. The projected area has been provided with telephone facilities. The existing location map of Main switching unit (5 units). Remote switching unit (6 unit) and Remote line unit (1 unit) shown in location map and existing telephone line in Chittagong city area shown in Table-3.11 and Chittagong Multi-exchange Optical Fiber Cable Link shown in Table-312 and 3.13. Now a day’s telecommunication system has been improved because of introduction of mobile phones in Bangladesh by some private organizations like GrameenPhone, Citycell, Aktel, Banglalink, etc. BTTB also provided mobile telephone named Teletalk. With the rapid increase of population in the Chittagong city at the same time permanent household dwellers, demand of telephone services are increasing rapidly. So telephone facilities are to be increased for the projected area. Now a days demand of fixed land telephone connections to domestic household and commercial purposes has comparatively decreased due to wider use of mobile phones among the people. Table-3.11: Capacity of Telephone lines in Chittagong City Area Sl. No. Name and Location of telephone exchange 1 CENT (Nandan Kanan) 2 AGBD (Agrabad) 3 EPZ (EPZ) 4 SGK (Sgarika) 5 MRDP (Muradpur) 6 KGT (Kalurghat) 7 PHT (Pahartali) 8 BZD (Baizid) 9 CHP (Chilimpur) 10 GKL (Guptakhal) 11 HTHZ (Hathzari) 12 VERSITY (CIG) Total Source: BTTB- 2007

No of lines 55448 45065 3721 9179 21498 8049 2625 12795 2000 4000 3000 256 167636

Table-3.12: Chittagong Multi-exchange optical Fiber Cable Link, ALKATEL Sl. No.

Link name

1 Agrabad-Central 2 Central-Muradpur 3 Muradpur-Baizid 4 Agrabad-Sagaria 5 Agrabad-EPZ (RSU) 6 M.pur-K.ghat (RSU) 7 M.pur-P.Tali (RSU) Source: BTTB- 2007

F/ No. 12 12 12 8 8 8 8

C. Length (M) 5177 4033 4802 6786 5540 4243 4375

D. Length (M) 4905 3894 4601 6485 5380 4141 4312

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Table-3.13: KTI Sl. Link Name No. 1 Central- M.pur 2 M.pur-Baizid 3 Baizid-Sagarika 4 Agrabad-Sagarika 5 Agrabad-Central 6 EPZ-G.Khal (RSU)-(RSU) 7 Sagarika-Ch.Pur (RSU) 8 Baizid-HTHZ (RSU) 9 HTHZ (RSU)-University (RSU) Source: BTTB Chittagong -2007 A.

F/ No.

C. Length (M)

12 12 12 12 24 12 12 24 12

4134 5116 10232 6717 5402 3878 6446 12933 4379

D. Length (M) 4044 4848 9789 6706 5229 3640 6220 12720 4150

ISSUE

The telephone lines in the Chittagong city are not sufficient with the demand. About 88000 line are working in the area and total capacity of telephone lines created very recently by BTTB, Chittagong are about 168000 as shown in Table 3.11. But by introducing mobile phones demand of land phones connection are decreasing. B.

POLICIES

As the consumption rate of the mobile phones are less than the land phone rate of BTTB, telephone consumers are interested to use mobile phones. So BTTB telephone rate are to decrease immediately. The telephone connections of BTTB are to increase immediately 3.3.5

Sewerage System

The Sewerage system so far has not introduced in the Chittagong City. There are few open roadside drains provided by CCC, which cannot serve the requirement of waste water discharge. The drainage system in the study area is to be improved in future by proper drainage network. Chittagong WASA may take the whole responsibility of Sewerage and Drainage system in Chittagong city area. 3.3.6

Fire Services

Fire services within Chittagong City area are maintained by Chittagong Fire services and civil Defense Services stations. 10 Nos. of fire station located at different area in Chittagong City area. Table-3.14 lists the existing Fire Services and their locations. Table-3.14: Location of existing fire services within CMMP area and fire fighting equipments Sl. No.

Name of the Class Manpower Fire Station 1 Agrabad A 35 2 Chandanpura A 35 3 Nandan Canon A 35 4 Lamar Bazar A 35 5 Kalurghat A 35 6 Bayezid A 35 7 Dock A 35 8 EPZ B 27 9 Newmuring B 27 10 Samudragamj B 27 TOTAL 326 Source: Chittagong Fire services & Civil Defense

Water carrying vehicle 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 Nos.

Pulling vehicle 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 Nos

Pump 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 30 Nos

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ISSUES

Besides these fire stations shown in Table-3.14 every multi-storied high-rise building using commercial and industrial sectors is to provide fire-fighting equipments of their own arrangement as per rule of the fire services department. B

POLICIES

With the increase of population & household, industries in the study area in future at 2015 recommend one Fire Station to be provided for each DPZ area, so for 12 DPZ areas 12 Nos. and 3 Nos. for special area, total 15 Nos. of Fire Station are to establish in future with modern fire fighting equipment and water carrying vehicles. 3.3.7

Solid Waste Disposal

Solid waste collection and disposal in Chittagong city is the responsibility of Chittagong City Corporation (CCC). In addition to CCC, the three largest land owners namely Army Cantonment, Port Authority and Railway Department have their own clearing services. The CCC does not engage sweepers for clearing of cantonment and railway properties rather CCC only collect solid wastes from the pits of these two organizations. Port Authority has own arrangement for collection and disposal of solid wastes. Besides, the industries also maintain their own arrangement of collection and disposal of solid waste. Solid waste from point the generation to the final disposal can be grouped into four functioned elements 1. 2. 3. 4.

Waste generation & storage Collection Processing & recovery Final disposal.

1. Waste Generation & storage: With respect to the population taking 0.5 kg/day/person total wastes 1208 to 1510 ton of wasted per day are generated in Chittagong (on the basis of population 30, 21, 345). The conservancy Section of CCC claims that they clear up almost all wastes daily. Due to difficult location or narrow road if any dustbin left, they able to mange it next day. 2. Collection: The waste collection is done in the following three stages: i. The residents themselves take domestic refuses from households to the intermediate dumping points; ii. Street and drain wastes are collected and dumped at intermediate disposal points by the municipal sweepers and cleaners; iii. Final collection from the intermediate points and its disposal to the dumping yard by the conservancy worker; 3. Processing & recovery: The main purposes of processing of solid wastes are to improve the efficiency of solid waste management system, to recovery useable materials and to recover conversion products and energy. There are processing techniques that are employed in solid waste management systems to achieve the above three purposes. Several techniques are compaction, incineration, shredding, drying and dewatering, manual and mechanical. In Chittagong there is no formal system of processing and recovery. 4. Final disposal: At present Chittagong City Corporation have only two disposal sites at Halishahar Ananda Bazar (Ward 37) and Raufabad (Opposite of Amin Jute Mills within Ward 7). 3-26

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POLICIES

Recycling Plant: There is no prominent use of solid waste in our country. In developed countries, this is also s resource and uses these resources for many purposes. In Chittagong the use is limited up to: 1. Charcoal Preparation and 2. Compressed Fertilizer preparation. Recently CCC has started to produce “Burning Wood” from the organic garbage particles with the help of locally developed technology. This helps them sorting of valuable inorganic particles from the household garbage and on the other hand helps generating working income opportunity for the poor and less privileged groups The “Burning Wood” plant is in operation and located in Halishahar at Ward-37. The composed fertilizer plant is almost ready there and will start its operation shortly. Recommendation: In order to improve the solid waste problem and to improve the environmental condition of Chittagong the following Macro and Micro level policy measures should be undertaken. Role of National Government at Macro Level: Policies related to solid waste management improvement for implementation by the National Government at Macro level are as under: 1. Formation of legislation regarding solid waste management 2. Formation of standards for collection and disposal of waste 3. Incentives for introduction of environmentally clean and efficient technology for waste disposal which would help to reduce the volume of waste and facilities more recycling 4. Construction of waste as an unutilized resource and assisting in recycling of waste for conservation of resources and protection of environment 5. Introduction of environmental education especially sanitary habits in school curriculum. Role of CCC at Micro Level: CCC should implement micro level policy because it is directly involved in the management of solid waste. The aspects, which should be improved at micro level, are: 1. Developments of awareness and motivation through dissemination of information and education 2. Research and development for low cost option for waste management 3. Coordination with other agencies regarding waste management 4. Optimum utilization of manpower and equipment 5. Development of separate collection and disposal system of different types of waste such as domestic, industrial and clinical 6. Maintenance of adequate data regarding waste generation, composition and characteristics 7. Regular monitor of land fill sites and maintenance of record of such sites 8. Promotion of separation and minimization of waste at household level 9. Regular maintenance of solid waste infrastructure 10. Increase the number of new dustbins and periodic maintenance of the brick dustbins should be done to ensure that damaged portions are rebuilt and broken plasters are repaired. Metallic dustbins should be cleaned and painted periodically so that they will last longer 11. Restriction of building or close structure on or near landfill sites. 3-27

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT In the Structural plan particular attention has been given for the protection and improvement of urban environmental quality. It has been guided to take into consideration the environmental impact assessment related to all development activities of Chittagong. There might be a conflict between the level of development and the need for conservation of natural environmental system. It is thus the recommended policy to accept a sustainable level of development and try to avoid all possible environmental conflicts. Once the environmental problem is occurred due to unplanned development activities it becomes very expensive to restore and in many cases irreplaceable. In the Structural plan to enhance the environmental quality of the city six guidelines have been stated considering the issues of environmental degradation related to manufacturing activities, solid waste disposal, noise and air born pollution, hill cutting and loss of vegetation coverage. However, the trend of current environmental degradation of Chittagong is even much acute and multiple than has been projected in the Structural plan. The city has already been and in future would be more accurately suffering from the environmental issues related to hill cutting and land slides, water logging, fillings of ponds and water bodies, development activities in Foy’s lake area, solid waste disposal, illegal extraction of ground water, pollution and encroachments of the Karnaphuli and khals, unplanned ship breaking activities near Bhatiary, and overall unplanned urban development, particular the current contraction of high-rise buildings, unless these issues are not properly addressed, assessed and take into consideration into the planning processes.

3.4.1

Guiding Principles

1. Hill Cutting and Vegetation Cover: Chittagong has its unique and distinctive undulating hilly landscape. In recent years mills are being cut at individual or institutional level either for housing plots or for other development activities. Hill cutting has been identified as a great environmental concern, which had lead to a series of environmental and human catastrophic, including human deaths, tolls due to massive land sliding. However, some of the guiding principles related to hill areas and hill cuttings are: a) Stop all types of hill cuttings, either in a new area or in locations currently being cut by an individual, group, society or institutional level. However, if it becomes absolutely unavoidable but to cut or dress or trim a hill only for some government project of public interest, it can only be allowed after proper EIA, open public hearing, expert (environmentalist) opinion, ensuring appropriate mitigating measures and law clearance related to such alteration of hills and proper engineering design. b) Hills, which have already been cut and made level for housing purposes, can no longer be allowed to develop as high or middle density residential areas. It is not possible to restore the lost hill areas but it is possible to turn those to green belt, as partial compensation to already degraded hill ecology. It is thus immediate need to cover these leveled or partially leveled land to forest coverage at the cost of their owners. However, very low density houses only for individual uses, of plot size more than an acre, structural development of no more than 10% of total area and buildings up-to 3 floors can be permitted. Phase wise removal or rehabilitation of all slums or squatters from hill tops, slopes or valleys

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c) To avoid all types of complexities related to the identification of hill sites, and to development controls, revenue collection and planning processes, the hill has been classified, demarcated and mapped. The authority needs to develop either its own cell or to link to Universities/research centers to conduct regular survey to update the information on hill landscape and environment. d) For a sustainable, livable and environmentally suitable city, it is not wise to remove the existing green coverage of the city to solid structures/buildings and turn the future city landscape into a jungle of bricks and concretes. Keeping pace with the forest policy and environmental policy of the Government, it is necessary to keep at least 15% of the city landscape under vegetation/ forest coverage. It can be achieved through the development of green belt along the sea shore, along the river front line, on the existing and altered hill areas, along the khal bank lines, remaining vacant areas for further development and also in the planning process for individual plot development. Even the underground development measures overlaid by surface vegetation coverage, and roof side green coverage can be encouraged. The existing plantation along major roadsides needs to strengthen and effectively managed. Existing green coverage, such as CRB, DC hill, FRI, Batali hill, Fairy hill, Joypahar, Prabattak, Golpahar and Foy’s lake areas need to make more green through further plantation. 2. Water Pollution: Chittagong city is surrounded by water bodies on its three sides; the Bay of Bengal on its west and south, and the Karnaphuli River on its east. Both the marine and river water are seriously being polluted due influx of untreated solid waste and liquid effluences from individual houses and industrial units. Manufacturing and processing industries are primarily located at Nasirabad/Sholashahar/Kattoli/Kalurghat/Fouzderhat and Patenga industrial areas, which are directly connected either to the sea or Karnaphuli River for discharging their effluences. The location of ship breaking industries at Bhatiary, where near about 60 ships/oil tanker/cargoes are dismantled annually become a threat to marine ecology, due to dumping of crude oil, pollutants like heavy metals and toxic elements, directly into the sea. However, some guiding principles related to the river and sea front industrial activities and water pollutions are as follows: a) Considering the economic and social contribution of ship breaking activities at Bhatiary, and due to its wonderful location in a muddy beach area, it is wise to allow and continue such entrepreneurs but off course not in its present form. It can only be allowed only subject to complete stoppage of all sources of marine and coastal pollution, and recognition of this sector as formal industrial activities and ensuring the healthy and safety working environment of the workers. b) No industrial activities would be allowed to continue on the sea/river bank side unless toxic and hazardous effluences are treated at an acceptable level at their own cost before discharging into the sea/river water. Considering the cost of treatment plan, a group of industries of similar nature can establish their common treatment plant for common use c) To avoid massive pollution of marine and river water due to oil spill or spread of toxic pollutions from an accidental cause, the related industries or authorities, such as oil refineries, port authorities, ship breaking association, cement and chemical factories, must have their adequate preparation in advance to mitigate the potential threat.

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3. Water logging: Despite a good gravitational drainage system, only after a rainfall of 20-30 mm in an hour, most parts of the city become inundated due to severe water logging. Such water logging is the consequences of removal of vegetation coverage from hill slopes, massive hill cutting and fillings of streams/gullies in the hilly upper reach; unplanned urban growth and encroachment of drainage network in the developed middle reach; and illegal encroachment and occupancy of khals in the lower reach of the drainage catchments. Unless the present trends of unplanned development activities, particularly along the khals and drains are stopped, the city would be no longer be comfortable to live and even during the planning period would be a non-livable city. However, some guiding principles related to water logging issues are as follows: a) Hill area management as per guideline principles for the hills {3.4.1(1)} Widening of all drainage passage by immediate removal of all illegal occupancies, and if it is not sufficient to water drainage it should be through land acquisition. Immediate stop of all types of further unplanned development in the city, and strict control of urban land development process, including the control of FAR for all types/level of buildings and permission for high-rise buildings. b) Excavation of the major khals and turn those to natural tidal creeks. The bank lines of those khals need to be fixed up-to the reach of the tidal limit. A green buffer zone along the bank line up to 50-100 ft each side, suitable for walkway and/ or for cycling can be built. However, under no circumstances the floors of these khals should be fixed by any concrete structure, so that these khals can operate their own natural hydro-geological readjustments. c) Along with the permanent structures, all types of temporary obstacles, such as floating bamboos and timber logs at the khals mouths, unplanned anchoring of boats / ships, and dumping of solid wastages straight to the drainage/khals must be removed and stopped. d) Stop the fillings of all existing ponds/tanks and water bodies of the city, and their conservation as per the guideline for open space and water bodies {3.4.1(d)}. 4. Open Space and Water Bodies: Chittagong city is gifted with many large water bodies, and open spaces, although many of those are now rapidly being encroached filled and brought under concrete development. Many of these water bodies and open spaces, such as Ashkher dighi, Ranir dighi, Parade ground, Laldighi maidan are of historically important. An accelerated rate of reducing the number and areal coverage of water bodies and open spaces in the city has already leaded to a series of environmental crises. Foy’s Lake is areas where both water-mass and hilly landmass has collectively lead Chittagong to its unique attraction to visitors and tourists, both home and abroad. However, this unique symbolic identity of the city has now been severely affected due to very unwise and unplanned development activities by Concord, a private commercial firm, under a so called agreement with the Government, and has lead to a great concern to the hill environment and social protest from environmental activities. However, some guiding principles related to water bodies and open spaces of the city are as follows: a) Foy’s Lake is the cultural, social, and environmental symbol of the city. It’s area coverage, water quality, hill topography, and plant and animal ecology must be conserved. It is immediate necessary to identify and demarcate the hill and lake area of the lake as a separate ecologically sensitive zone and stop all type of development and alteration of its soil, vegetation and water-mass. Ensure the protection of lake water and the surrounding ecology from all types of legal and illegal developments, sound pollution, air pollution and water pollution both 3-30

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physically and chemically. Immediate cancellation of the agreement with Concord, and take special measure to make the lake area as a specially control zones, only open for peace full site seeing and research interest b) Many of the historical ponds and dighis of the city have already been filled and remaining is under stress toward degradation. The city has a lot of ponds and dighis, with a very uneven distribution. For example many wards in the city centers, such as Jamal khan or Firingee bazaar has less than 5 ponds, where as wards at the periphery of the city has more than 150 such ponds. To protect and promote urban ecology no ponds/ dighis of ≥ 0.5 acre in the developed part and ≥ 0.75 acre in the outer parts of the city can no way be encroached or filled and must be preserved as water bodies. Such water bodies between 0.25-0.5 acres in the developed part and between 0.5-0.75 acre in the outer parts of the city can only be filled subject to proper EIA clearance, open public hearing, clearance from local communities and expert committee. Water bodies and wetlands under private ownership can be promoted with financial and technical assistances to commercial uses as fishing ground, aquatic culture, swimming centers, tourism, and other water based sports. c) The number and total coverage of open spaces, such a play grounds, parks and gardens in the city are reducing as an alarming stage due to rapid unplanned growth of the city. At present there are about 25 playing grounds, which are above 0.5 acres in size. More than 70% of educational institution, particularly schools do not have their playing ground, which is alarming considering the health and mind of their students. No school/educational institutes should get government approval or MPO consideration unless it has own play ground for its students, either in campus or out campus. Considering the land scarcity, 3-4 such schools can collectively own their play ground for common use. Such mandatory effort not only develops the physical and mental health of the students but also keep the city’s physical environment to a sustainable level. It is immediate need to earmark and list all the playing ground of each wards, and such play ground, whatever is the size, can no way be considered for any kind of structural development, other than out door sports. 5. Solid Waste Disposal: A total of 1000 tons of solid wastes at household level is being produced daily in the city, and CCC collects and dumps more than 95% of such wastage. Moreover, untreated disposal of clinical wastage from the hospitals/clinics have been polluting the food cycle and lead to great health concern, particularly the lower income group of the city. It is not necessary to remove polythine from the market, rather it is more important to the effective management of waste. Solid waste management mode of the UK, or Japan based on the principle of household level accumulation and separation, and community/ward level collection, dumping and recycling methods need to be adapted. Considering their wind speed and direction, it is recommended to relocate the present two dumping grounds from southern part of the city to the north. 6. Noise and Air Born Pollution: The issues of noise and air pollution from motor vehicles, industrial emission, and brick fields now becoming greater concern to sustainable environmental quality of the city area. More than 30 brick filed are located vicinity to the city center, which lead to accelerate air pollution of the city. All these brick flied need to be relocated to far north from the city boundary, following the guidelines of brick filed ordinance 2001.

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04 DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROPOSAL 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12

Introduction.......................................................................................................... 4-1 DPZ-01- Patenga-Halishahar .............................................................................. 4-2 DPZ-02- Agrabad -Kotwali .............................................................................. 4-16 DPZ-03- Sadarghat-Chawkbazar ....................................................................... 4-30 DPZ-04- Bakalia-Chandgaon............................................................................. 4-50 DPZ-05- Lalkhan Bazar-Pahartali ..................................................................... 4-63 DPZ-06- Panchlaish-Bayzid .............................................................................. 4-81 DPZ-07- Silimpur-Kumira................................................................................. 4-94 DPZ-08- Hathazari-Raozan ............................................................................. 4-104 DPZ-09- Kulgaon-Halda.................................................................................. 4-113 DPZ-10- Madunaghat-CUET........................................................................... 4-122 DPZ-11- Boalkhali-Patiya ............................................................................... 4-131 DPZ-12- Anwara-Karnaphuli .......................................................................... 4-139

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CHAPTER-4 DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROPOSALS 4.0

INTRODUCTION

The Planning Area of 1,70,702 acres or 267 sq. mile (691 sq. km) has been divided into 12 zones termed as Detailed Planning Zones. The city is divided into six zones considering the urban, geo physical and development character and ward boundary as was possible. The DPZs number and names and area are given below: Area Within Chittagong City Corporation (acre) (CCC) area; The DPZs are: DPZ 01 Patenga-Halishahar 12,662 DPZ 02 Agrabad-Kattali 10,129 DPZ 03 Sadarghat-Chawk bazaar 3,416 DPZ 04 Bakalia-Chandgaon 8,092 DPZ 05 Lalkhan bazaar-Pahartali 6,037 DPZ 06 Panchlaish-Baizid 9,564

Outside the CCC area, the DPZs are: DPZ 07 Silimpur-Kumira DPZ 08 Hathazari-Raozan DPZ 09 Kulgaon-Halda DPZ 10 Madunaghat-CUET DPZ 11 Boalkhali-Patiya DPZ 12 Anwara-Karnaphuli

Area (acre) 25,437 26,290 7,570 10,964 15,957 34,769

The Area proposals of the above-mentioned DPZs have been prepared considering their existing feature and socio-economic survey. These DPZs are presented in accordance with the following sections and sub-sections. Based on existing land use, present and future demand, few sub sections under the different sections of the DPZs vary, particularly DPZs situated outside the CCC area. Existing Situation This section gives an introduction of the area. Sub sections include; a) location and administrative boundary, b) population, c) land ownership and d) socio economic condition. Existing Land use and Development Status This section presents the existing use and development of the following sectors a) residential b) industrial c) commercial d) topography and drainage e) transport f) institutional g) restricted area h) community facilities i) utility services j) leisure, recreation, parks and open spaces k) culture and heritage and l) agriculture. Existing Environmental Issues This section gives the environmental condition of the area Higher Level Planning This section presents the recommendations in the a) Structure Plan b) Urban Development Plan c) Strom Water Drainage and Flood Control Master Plan and d) Long Term Strategy for Traffic and Transportation Plan of CMMP. Detailed Area Development Proposals The section presents the development proposals for promotion and control of different sub areas. The order of presentation is; a) Residential (Housing), b) Industrial c) Commercial, d) Mixed Use e) Drainage, f) Transportation, g) Restricted areas, h) Community Facilities (health, education) i) Leisure, recreation, parks and open spaces), j) Utility services k) Culture and Heritage l) Agriculture Environmental Protection and Enhancement This section gives the environmental planning guidelines and proposals.

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4.1 DPZ-01: PATENGA-HALISHAHAR 4.1.1

EXISTING SITUATION a) Location and Administrative Boundary: Bounded by the Karnaphuli River on the east and the Bay of Bengal on the west this area of 51.24 sq km / 12,662 acres (BBS); is on the southern most tip of the City. Due its geographical location bordering the river and the sea, the port has been established here. The openness has made it convenient to establish the only airport, which has been upgraded to an international one in 1995. Large public sector manufacturing industries and two EPZ’s have been established here. The riverside, coast and beach are tourist attractions. The Area consists of four wards which are; Ward 38, Ward 39, Ward 40 & 41 b) Population: The population of the Area was 222,697 in 2001 (BBS). According to the trend population projection, this is estimated to grow to 317,000 in 2011 recording a rise of 94,303 persons over a 10-year period. This Plan estimates the population to rise to 399,690 in 2015. The population density is 4815 p/ sq km or 20 p/ acre in 2015.

c) Landownership: Major land owners in the formal sector are; Airport 517 ha, Port

308 ha, CEPZ and KEPZ 782 acres (560 +222). d) Socio Economic Condition: According to census 2001(BBS) of the 66,840 HH

some 39% are pucca and 18% are katcha & Jhupri. The remaining 43% are semi pucca. Pucca HH is mostly residence provided by the government. Piped water supply exists in 20% HH, Electricity connection in 91% and sanitary toilet facilities in 86% HH. Formally principal employment was in agriculture (farming/fishing) 30% HH’s own agricultural land. Due to the presence of industries, influx of large number of migrant workers has occurred. Some 43% of the populations (both sexes) are in the 18- 34 years age group. 4.1.2

EXISTING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS

Significant uses are the port, airport, major industrial areas and defense establishments. Residential uses dominate (31%), Water bodies consisting of khals; ponds and marshy areas, coastal chars and vacant land consist of 29.21% area. The Table below shows the existing land use features of the DPZ-01. Table 4.1: Existing land use features of the DPZ-01 Sl. No. 1. 2. 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Types of use Agriculture and Fisheries Commercial Activity Education and Research Manufacturing & Processing Miscellaneous Mixed Use Open/Community Space Residential Restricted (port, airport and defense) Service Facilities Transport & Community Vacant Land Water Body (khals, ponds, marshy land) Coastal Char TOTAL Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007

Area (acre) 725.36 52.23 55.36 1325.25 42.65 4.29 36.6 3323.04 1273.36 13.61 725.36 1245.28 1083.25 756.36 12,662

% 6.78% 0.49% 0.50% 13.04% 0.40% 0.04% 0.33 31.04% 12.54% 0.13% 6.78% 11.63% 10.51% 7.07% 100%

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Figure 4.1: Existing Land use Map

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a) Residential: Formal residential areas belong to the port, airport, military (Air Force &

Navy) and the public sector industries. Private residential areas consist primarily of single storied pucca/ semi-pucca homesteads. Multi storied (3 to 4) residential buildings are present in more accessible areas. Squatters and slums exist (some 200 HH) in ward 38, (some 400 HH Guscha gram) in ward 41. In response to the demand for workers housing, private landowners have built semi pucca dormitory rooms for rentals. Some 12 to 15 rooms (@100-120sft) are built in one row with a central shared kitchen space. Toilets are shared or attached. The rent / month / room ranges from Tk. 1250 – 1500 or Tk 12,50 – 15 /sq. ft. which is very high considering the facilities provided. Commonly three female workers share a room. Some 3323 acres is primarily under residential use which is some 31% of all land uses b) Industrial: Large public sector and heavy manufacturing industries such as the

Karnaphuli EPZ (former Steel mill), the General Electric Manufacturing GEM Plant, oil installations, cement factory, grain silo are situated here. In the first phase the Karnaphuli EZP has leased 85 plots (@ 2000 sq m sized plots) to 7 overseas and 8 domestic companies. Two firms have started construction and it is estimated to be in operation within 2 years. In full capacity it is assumed to create a total of 40,000 jobs. The Chittagong EPZ (built in the 80's) has 295 industrial plots in some 560 ha of land in which 135 industries are in operation, currently employing some 130,000 persons. Development Issues regarding formal industries •

Many Public sector industries have land in excess of their need. For example the GEM plant with 44 acres. (Refer Chapter 2 ECN 04.1)

•

Some industries along the Karnaphuli River have insufficient parking and waiting space for the vehicles that they generate. (Chap 2 ECN 4.02)

•

There are insufficient facilities for industrial waste treatment and disposal and tree cover to reduce dust noise and other air borne pollutants. (ECN 05.1)

Besides formal industries there are private garments factories. Also present are small metal and car repair workshops along roads. These create obstruction to pedestrian and vehicular movement c) Commercial: There is pressure for setting up container yards. Two private ones (8

+ 15 acres) have been established, with capacity to store some 7000 containers and employing some 2500 persons. The one on the Patenga road has no parking space resulting in severe traffic congestion as freight vehicles are parked on the road surface and reserves. Other commercial activities consist of shops and small business houses. Larger shopping malls are concentrated around the EPZ entrance area. Some 3 km stretch is lined with shops, business offices and other services. These have insufficient setbacks for dropping and vehicular movement and parking. d) Topography and Drainage: The area is geologically flat as well as encompasses a

large number of Ponds. East side of the area covers flood plain land along the Karnaphuli River. Consequently, this portion of the study area is flood prone and water remains for few weeks during the rainy season. A part of the south east side along the river and west side along the Bay of Bengal is swampy and also affected by tidal overflow. Some khal and branches, which cross the area, are important natural 4-4

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drainage courses. Finally all the khals fall into the Karnaphuli River and the Bay of Bengal. In addition to the khals a significant number of ponds work as storm water reservoir during the monsoon period e) Transport Network: The roads which are performing the functions of arterial

network in this planning zone are: Port Road, Patenga Road, Chittagong Port Access Toll Road, Strand Road and part of Halishahar Road. Toll Road has recently been made operational to provide direct access from Dhaka Trunk Road to port area. The other important roads are Naval H.Q Road, Kathgar Road, Zelepara Road and Nayahat Road. Another important transport feature of this area is the presence of two rail tracks, one connects the port and the other connects the Old Chittagong Steel Mill, presently known as Karnaphuli Export Processing Zone (KEPZ). In the road network system, it was observed that there are two important north-south roads (Patenga Road & Port Road), but there are no major east-west links. It was also found that the other internal roads are narrow; as a result the level of traffic circulation in this zone was considered to be very poor. f) Restricted Areas: This category consists of the port, airport, and military operational and housing areas (Patenga Naval Base, Isha Khan Base, and Air force Base). The port is currently handling an estimated 600,000 TEUs and has been experiencing average growth rates in container traffic of 14.5 % annually. It expects to be handling up to 2.5 million TEUs by 2020. The port is currently undergoing major upgrading of its facilities g) Community Facilities: There is a general lack of community facilities in terms of

quality and area served. The beach and coastal estuaries are a major source for recreation and tourism. A stretch of some 2km road along the Karnaphuli River is a favorite leisure area for city dwellers. The openness, mild sea breeze, vessel movement, and dazzling lights of the fertilizer factories across the river attract large crowds who crowd the road along the river Karnaphuli. h) Culture and Heritage: There are at a number of over hundred year old residential

buildings built of Burma teak. The architectural details of door, windows, and moldings are noteworthy. i) Agriculture: Some 525.36 acres are presently under agricultural use (paddy fields).

West of the embankment there are fish farms on land leased from the Water Development Board (BWDB). There are vacant and derelict lands. 4.1.3

HIGHER LEVEL PLANNING

a) Structure Plan – CMMP 1995: The area has not been considered as a major urban

expansion area due to its susceptibility to tidal surges caused by cyclones. A major cyclone in 1991 caused huge losses to lives and to the economy. Major recommendations are: • • •

A linear ‘No Development Zone’ along the western coast, which should be kept free from major urban uses, and retained under agriculture and forestry. The coastal embankment should be kept free from development other than seats and shade structures. Land should be made available for expansion of the airport and port operational facilities. 4-5

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Provisions should be made for truck parking in the Port Area. The road transport needs of the Port should be met. The unspoilt coastline should be protected and their environmental quality enhanced.

The relevant Structure Plan Policies are: POP 3, ECN 01, ECN 04, ECN 06, ECN 07, ECN 09, ECN 11, ECN 12, SDS 01, SDS 07, HOU 02, HOU 04,COM 01, COM 02, COM 03, TRN 07, TRN 08, TRN 09, TRN 10, TRN 11, INF 07, FCD 01, FCD 02, ULD 03, ULD 04, ULD 05, ULD 06, ULD 07, ULD 08, ULD 09, RLD 05,ENV 01, ENV 03, ENV 06.

b) Urban Development Plan CMMP 1995: In line with the Structure Plan policies

the major actions are as follows: • Implementation of coastal afforestation scheme in association with the embankment. • Implementation of the 1st. phase Drainage Plan and the Transport Plan of the CMMP. • Emission control of pollutants and provision of solid and liquid effluent disposal for industries. • Making better use of underutilized areas within government industrial enterprises. • Implementation of schemes for enhancement of the river and coastline for recreational purposes. • Implementation of a slum/squatter-upgrading program. • Planning for the organized development of the urban fringe land. Due to the presence of the airport and the naval operations there is a height restriction as follows: a) No development in Zone 1 , b) Up-to 6 m in Zone 2, c) Up-to 9m recommended in Zone 3 4.1.4

DETAILED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

Intensive urban development is dependent on ensuring that the area is flood free. Major development proposals include: meeting the expansion needs of the Port and airport, provision of workers and staff housing, community facilities, conference centre, promotion of sporting, leisure and recreational and tourism facilities and environmental protection areas. Government action should be geared to; regeneration and improvement of haphazardly growing areas through land management techniques use of vacant tracts within public sites and protecting and enhancing the environment. Guidance Notes are appended in the Annex 2, for improvement and new land development, housing standards, provision of amenities, and open spaces, footpath reservations, and protection of natural creeks and khals. This guidance is to be followed as relevant. a) Residential (Housing): There is a huge backlog for workers housing. The

principal aim would be to make available a large number of rental accommodations at affordable levels, in the form of row houses, shop houses dormitories. The Authority in partnership with the government / CCC / NHA with or without the private sector, the private sector on its own will improve and add on to this category of housing.

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Implementation can be achieved in two ways: i) Compulsory acquisition: Government may assist in acquiring land, while the private sector may build the residential units with all facilities. ii) Land readjustment/ guided land development schemes may be made mandatory, where landowners are guided to provide such facilities at acceptable standards. 1. Improvement of Existing Settlements: Two types of settlements need improvement.

One is the previous planned area and the second is traditionally grown areas in semi urban state. The Authority will liaison with CCC / NHA / government / Community / NGO’s to improve these two type of settlements, through land readjustment and Guided Land Development Techniques. For traditionally grown areas the following policies will apply for all improvement areas. Policies in Chapter 2: H1.1, H1.2, H1.3. H1.4, H3, H3.1, H5, ECN 11.1, ECN 11.2, ECN 13.1, COM 1.2, COM 1.3, RO 2, RO 3, RO 3.1, RO 3.2, RO 3.4, RO 3.5, RO 3.8 will apply. In Annex 2: Guidance Notes 2 (with all its subsections) is mandatory. Guidance 5, 6a, 10, 11 and 12 will be considered.

Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / NHA / Private sector / NGO's/ Local residents / local representatives RI-01-01: The resettlement area east of the airport may be guided make local

improvements to include housing and support facilities. Settlement west of the khal may have to be relocated to the east of the khal. No further expansion of private settlements should be permitted. RI-01-02: The existing settlement south of the airport will be improved through guided land development. Structures for low and middle-income residential use and its local support facilities will continue. Playgrounds and other urban amenities will be incorporated.

RI-01-03: The site north of the airport is recommended for predominantly residential use largely for Low and Middle income group with emphasis to industrial workers housing. Due to the expansion needs of the airport this area should be kept in its semi urban state. RI-01-04: The large sites north of the zone are recommended for predominantly

residential use largely for Low and Middle income group with emphasis to industrial workers housing. All supporting facilities and urban amenities will be permitted. 2. New Development:

RN-01-01: An area north west of the zone may be developed for junior and mid level

employees serving the industries. Housing will be restricted to 50% area. Remaining will accommodate urban amenities such as kitchen markets, education centers, basic health facilities, and community spaces. Open spaces and playgrounds will occupy a minimum of 15% space. Implementing Agency: CDA/CCC/NHA/Relevant Industry/with or without the private sector/private sector

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Figure 4.2: Proposed Land Use Map

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b) Industrial: This area has 22.59% land under port and industrial use. The CEPZ

may extend further south. Full utilization of existing sites under various industries should be made as per the structure Plan ECN 04. The following proposals are recommended: In-01-01 It should be the policy of the government to see that the underutilized lands

used for industrial expansion. Support facilities such as treatment plants, parking and transport facilities relating to the industries may be incorporated. . Implementing Agency: Ministry of Industry / PWD / Dept of Forest Policies ECN 04, ECN 04.3 ECN 9.3, RO 3.4 will apply .

In-02-02: Expansion of the CEPZ. The area immediate south of the CEPZ may be

acquired for expansion of the CEPZ. Policies ECN 9.3, ENV 05

In-01-03: Buffer zone for pavements and plantation strips will be incorporated

between the road and the industrial plots. c) Commercial: Based on the recommendations of the Structure Plan ECN 12 and

ECN 11, the following proposals are made for this sector: Com-01-01 / Com-01-02: Two sites on two sides of the Patenga road is recommended

for commercial use and small enterprise. Local Roads on both sides will give access to individual plots. No direct access will be permitted from the main road. Existing settlements and new development will be guided to create a planned environment. Policies: ECN 11, ECN 11.2, ECN 9.3, ECN 13, ECN 13.2 will apply.

Implementing Agency: CCC / CDA / with the private sector /private landowners d) Mixed Use: MU-01-01 / MU-01-02 and MU-01-03: Three areas already have a wide mix of use.

These will be retained as mixed-use areas. Efforts however have to be taken to guide its development to achieve orderly growth. Land readjustment techniques will be applied to generate revenue to redevelop the area in a planned manner. Flood retention areas have to be retained and natural canal protected and enhanced. Policies H 1.2, H 1.3, H 1.4, H3, H5, H6a, ECN 1.3,, ECN 9.3, ECN 11, ECN 11.1, ECN 11.2, ECN 09, ECN 13, RO 3, RO 3.2, RO 3.4, RO 3.5, RO 3.8, CH 1 will apply.

e) Drainage: In accordance with the ‘Storm Water Drainage and Flood Control

Master Plan – 1995’, DPZ-01 falls entirely in the Drainage Area No. 6 (Bandar) and partly in the Area No. 4b (Western coastal plain) of the Drainage Master Plan. Whole area of DPZ-01 is covered by Drainage Master Plan proposals. In addition, DAP study has identified the drainage works to be done for DPZ-01. Drainage Master Plan Proposals for the area include: 1. Rehabilitation of Gupta khal, Mahesh khal and five small khals. 2. Seven secondary new khals in Patenga Area with a total length of about 13.7km are proposed. Their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.2 3. 11 regulators on khals flowing into the Karnaphuli River and 5 regulators on khals flowing into the Bay of Bengal and their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.2 4-9

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4. 4 flood storage ponds adjacent to Karnaphuli River and their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.2 5. Flood defense is proposed on the right bank of the River Karnaphuli and along the Bay of Bengal Coast. DAP proposals: 1. Rehabilitation of 8 small khals in Dakhshin Patenga areas having a total length of about 11 km. is proposed. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.2 2. Retaining and preservation of 108 ponds over the size of 0.5 acre are proposed. The accumulated size of these existing ponds proposed to be preserved equal approximately 133 acres. These ponds are identified in figure 4.2. 3. Two secondary new khals near to embankment of the Bay of Bengal with a total length of about 8.1km and their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.2 4. A new secondary khal proposed in Drainage Master Plan had no regulator proposed. This khal flowing into the Bay of Bengal needs a regulator. The location of the regulator is identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.2 5. Following drainage-guiding principles/guidelines C at page 3-3 remaining drainage networks is proposed and identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.2. 6. Where not shown specifically in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.2, drainage guiding principles/ guidelines will apply. f) Transportation: To address the problems indicated in section 4.1.1 and to develop

a proper circulation pattern, the first initiative was to establish the primary and secondary road networks. The next step was to provide a proper internal circulation pattern so that mobility in the inner neighborhoods could be easier. Completion of a number of missing links and winding of several roads have, therefore, been proposed to establish almost a grid iron pattern of road system so that several alternative routes are available for movement within this planning zone. 1. Proposals for new and widening of major roads 1.1 Embankment-cum-Road along the western coast: One of the most important primary roads proposed for this zone is the Embankment-cum-Road along the western coast from southern trip of Patenga to the north, parallel to Dhaka-Chittagong Trunk Road, having a Right of Way (ROW) of 120 ft for the road. 1.2 Widening of Patenga Road and Port Road: Both these roads are already carrying heavy traffic, and in the future they will continue to be the primary roads and carry most of the traffic of this zone. As such, widening has been proposed for Port Road, with ROW of 120 ft and Patenga Road with a ROW of 100 ft to be developed on an incremental basis, as per the geometric standards recommended by the DAP 1.3 Widening of the Link Road between Patenga Road and Port Road: The existing link road from the Halishahar and Patenga Road intersection, east of Chittagong EPZ to Patenga Road and Port Road intersection near National Cotton Mills, is proposed for widening with a ROW of 100 ft. 4-10

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1.4 Further widening of Port Access Toll Road: At present the Toll Road is a 2-lane access road. In future it will need widening for which a ROW of 100 ft is proposed to be earmarked. 1.5 A number of new links between Patenga Road and the Embankment-cum-Road: A number of new secondary road links are proposed to provide access to the new Embankment-cum-Road along the coast. These will be developed based on a ROW of 60 ft and 40 ft. The details are shown in Figure 4.2 2. Bus Termination / Stoppage: To serve the visitors to Patenga Beach, it is proposed to have a bus terminal at the tip of the peninsula. Sufficient set back from the road will be created to cater to the parking of public buses, as this will be a terminal point of the route. Permitted facilities would include ticketing booth, covered waiting areas, toilets, small provision stalls and parking area for other modes of transport. Implementing Agency: CDA/CCC with or without the private sector involvement 3. Parking for Industries: The KEPZ and EPZ have to make an estimate of freight and commuter traffic generated by the expansion of industries. Arrangements for road - industry interface, (bus bay/stand), waiting, loading unloading and parking have to be determined and provided by the respective authorities within their sites. 4. Parking Facilities: Single and multilevel parking facility is proposed on the north of the MA Aziz road. This should have support facilities (rest rooms, dining facilities, and communication centre) for drivers, helpers and other staff. A minimum of 40’ tree plantation buffer will be made between the parking terminal and the surrounding property. There will be adequate offset between the main road and such parking facility. Implementing Agency: CPA/CDA with or without the private sector / the private sector Dept of Forest 5. River Transport: Quay / Berthing Facility for Boat: Parking of boats in the river channel creates environmental and traffic hazard. To provide a safe berthing place for fishing boats and boating service for tourism a quay is recommended in the coastal strip on the west. Actual size and location will depend on technical and market survey. An area is proposed on the riverbank Implementing Agency: BIWTA/ CPA / CDA/CCC with or without the private sector g) Restricted Areas: Rt (CPA)-01-01: For efficient use of scarce land surrounding the port, the area west of

the road may be designated for port expansion areas. This includes the south port colony, and areas to its north and east. The single storied CPA south colony (7 persons per acre) is surrounded by port operational activities and no longer suited for residential purpose and the economic value far overrides the current use. (Chapter 2 ECN 07.2) Policy ECN 7 , ECN .2

Implementing Agency: Relevant Government / CPA/CDA

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h) Community Facilities

This section translates the structure plan policy COM 02. To create employment through tourism and provide leisure and recreational facilities, a number of recommendations are also made. These is with reference to policy ECN 12 , COM 01, and ENV 06 of the Structure Plan. Comm-01-01: A motor vehicle driving training school and practice tracks is proposed

immediate North West of the airstrip. Permitted facilities include offices, training facilities, public toilets etc. The area will incorporate a city bus stand and short term stalling space with passenger facilities. The area will have a 15% tree cover. Implementing Agency: CDA/ CCC / Government / CMP / Private sector Comm-01-02: The community FOCUS is the centre for local government and other

government functions and community facilities. The facility will be of high aesthetic, functional and architectural standard. Policies COM 1, COM 1.1, ECN 9.3, ECN 11.2, ECN 13, ECN 13,1 ECN 13.2,RO 1.1, RO 3.5 will apply.

Implementing Agency: CCC / CDA/ private sector companies /private landowners Comm-01-03: Educational institutions and health centres may be developed in a site

north of the EPZ. This facility could impart trade courses and skill building for supporting the industries. Other urban amenities like playing grounds, fields may be incorporated here. Landowners will be relocated within site and upgraded. Implementing Agency: Relevant Government Organization i) Leisure, Recreation, Parks and Open Spaces: RO-01-01 / RO-01-02 / RO-01-03: The existing beach shall be upgraded and two new

sandy sites on the west, developed with public amenities such as rest rooms, souvenir shops and snack stands. Public safety and convenience will be ensured. In each site parking for 50 vehicles in the first phase should be developed which could be later developed into two layers of parking facility. Life guard posts, toilets and restrooms, a minimum of 40 ft. tree lined roads from the Patenga road to the new locations is proposed. The beach will be conserved as an open expanse with tress and shaded kiosks for sitting. Structures and settings including landscaping should be of high design standard. Implementing Agency: CCC / CDA/Parjatan / Private sector RO-01-04: An area between the airport and industries may be turned into a water based

tourist site. Original landowners shall remain and settlement upgraded. Original landowners may or may not be partners to development. Implementing Agency: CDA/CCC/ Parjatan / Private Sector / Private Landowners RO-01-05: A public promenade shall be developed for a stretch of about 1 km along

the river from airport the entry point to the Naval installation. Efforts shall be made to separate pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Parking arrangements shall be made west of the protective tree belt. Large open pavilion/s, with sections for crafts workshops may be permitted Design will be in harmony with nature and maximum openness shall be retained. Open-air concerts may be held. Licensed vendors will be allowed to sell snacks and drinks and artisans wares. Policies RO 1.1, RO 2, RO 3.1 ECN 9.3, ECN 13.1, CH 1, CH 2.1, CH 2.3 and CH 2.4 will apply. Implementing Agency: CDA/ CCC/Other Government agencies 4-12

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RO-01-06: An area west of the coast may be reserved for camping, picnic, annual

sports meet, and other community events. This will consist of large outdoor spaces of high aesthetic and landscape quality. Public toilets and security structures and other structures to support the uses will be permitted. Existing settlements will be upgraded but not allowed to expand. Policies RO 1.1, RO 2, RO 3.1 ECN 9.3, ECN 13.1, CH 1, CH 2.1, CH 2.3 and CH 2.4 will apply. Implementing Agency: CDA/Private entrepreneurs. RO-01-07: An area east of the Patenga road may be used for an amusement park with

water and horizontal rides. The maximum height will be up-to 6m. Adequate space for ticketing and dropping and parking has to be incorporated. Sufficient setback from the road is mandatory. The entry and exit will be from the access road on the north. Existing settlements may be relocated, in surrounding areas. Implementing Agency: landowners

CDA/CCC / with or without the private sector/ private sector/

j) Utility Services: Ut-01-01: As the present CCC dumping site in Ward 38 is located in the south which is

the direction of the prevailing wind, consideration may be given to relocate the site to a northern location. (The present condition of the site is unsanitary and wastes spill into the surrounding settlements. A wide green tree buffer may be made to protect the environment from unpleasant odor). In the medium term a site on the north of the city may be designated got a waste-dumping site. Existing settlements may be resettled in the plane d manner in a part of the site. The Authority as per need will determine actual size. Implementing Agency: CCC /NGOs /CDA / Original landowners may be a partner to recycling of the wastes Ut-01-02: The present DAP study recommends that the responsible agencies for the

provision of utility services, will prepare their own detailed plan in respective fields. k) Culture and Heritage CH-01-01: Commemorating Natural Disasters: It should be the policy of the Authority

to create a place to commemorate those who lost their lives in numerous cyclones over the past 100 years. This venue will be somber and reflective of lives lost. The triangular area south of the approach road to the airport may have a public plaza/ sculpture commemorating those who lost their lives. This will be used for paying homage and will be accessible to visitors and visible from roads. Implementing agency: CCC / CDA / Parjatan/ Other Government agencies CH-01-02 / CH-01-03: Conservation of old traditional residences: The Authority shall assist in conserving two private wooden over 100 year old residential in ward 38, the Malum bari and the Talukdar bari. The Authority shall provide technical assistance. Incompatible use will be prohibited in the immediate surrounding. Implementing agency: CCC / CDA / Other Government agencies

l) Agriculture A-01-01 Model Tourism Village: To refrain building development immediate North

West of the airport, a wide area may be retained as an agricultural use. However, to generate higher revenue and enhance economic potentials of the area the area may be

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turned into model villages with addition of facilities of tourist interest. Agricultural products will be of high value (flowers, local fruits, mushrooms). Water areas should be retained in substantial areas to prevent flooding. Boating facility may be incorporated. Butterfly parks and snake farms will be permitted. Shade structures and kiosks will be built to facilitate visitors. Planning Authority should motivate landowners to form cooperative to assemble land and run these commercial operations. Existing residential use will continue and expansion of existing HH will be permitted as part of a planned NH. All conditions for Residential Improvement areas will also apply. Implementing Agency: CDA/CCC/Private landowners with assistance from relevant government bodies 4.1.5

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT En-01-01 Reservation shall be made for open space on the vacant site on the

southeastern edge. This will give protection form cyclonic surges. Adequate and appropriate tree plantation will be undertaken. Recreational use such as park, picnic, and water areas may be permitted. Mechanical rides will not be permitted. In the long term this may be used for port facilities. Implementing Agency: CCC / CDA/ Department of Forest/ Other Government En-01-02: Reservation shall be made for open space on the largely vacant site on the

west of the coast. Permitted uses will be a) a conference centre, b) hotel for business and general tourism, c) an emergency/specialized health facility, 50% of the area may be used as park and landscapes gardens. Water Retention areas must be preserved. Adequate parking and dropping facilities will be provided. All facilities will be of high design standards. Implementing Agency: The Authority will assist original landowners to design and implement projects. A consortium of the landowner, and private land developers/ financier shall be formed. En-01-03: An area west of the flight path (in the No development zone may be turned

into a commercially operated flower garden. Implementing Agency: CDA/Private Landowners with government support En-01-04: The vacant area on both sides of the airport approach road may be developed into an urban forest with land based and aquatic plants. Wet and marshlands will be retained. Other areas will be landscaped for a public plaza. (Refer CH 01 1) Implementing Agency: Civil aviation authority/ forest department/CDA En-01-05: Two sites may be developed as designed grasslands. i) The vacant site east of the airport may be developed into flowering grasslands and aquatic grasslands. ii) The vacant site on the edge of the river may be planted with saline resistant flowering grasses/plants. River transport facilities will be permitted. Implementing Agency: Civil aviation authority/ forest dept./ CCC / BIWTA / CDA En-01-06: To reduce the deadly effect of cyclone and storm surges and act as a shield a

seaside mangrove green belt, extending from the embankment to low tide limit is recommended. There will be gaps (100m on both sides) of the natural khals and natural creeks. Measures should be taken to facilitate visitors (elevated walkways, boat berthing decks etc).

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Implementing Agency: BWD / Forest Department / CDA/CBOs/ NGOs. En-01-07: All along the natural khals and creeks a varying width (3m to 7m) of land

will be kept free from all development and turned into a green walkway. Implementing Agency: BWD /CCC/CDA/ Forest Department / CBOs/ NGOs. En-01-08: To reduce further vulnerability due to surges, development of a green

corridor along the landward side of the coastal embankment by non-mangrove native species is recommended. A tree plantation zone of varying width is recommended on the landward side of the coastal embankment. Implementing Agency: BWD /CCC/ CDA/Forest Department / CBOs/ NGOs. En-01-09: All industrial sites particularly large ones shall have wide tree corridors.

This will also help in reducing air-based pollution while vegetating the area in general for enhancing the environment.

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4.2 DPZ-02: AGRABAD-KATTALI 4.2.1

EXISTING SITUATION

a) Location and Administrative Boundary: The Zone is flat and is bounded by the

coast on the west and the Sk. Mujib road on the east. On the north is the DK-CTG railway track. Beyond this boundary the land rises to form the hilly areas of Pahartali and Batali hills. The City limit is on the North West. The Area has large areas of formally developed residential, commercial and industrial areas, port and railway and military areas. It is under two Thanas: Double Mooring and Pahartali. The nine wards are: Ward 10, Ward 11, Ward 12, Ward 24, Ward 25, Ward 26, Ward 27, ward 36 and Ward 37. b) Population: The population of the Area was 282,697 in 2001 (BBS). According to

trend population (CMMP), this is estimated to grow to 367,000 in 2011 recording a rise of 84,303 persons over a 10-year period. This Plan estimates the population to rise to 429,690 in 2015. The population density of DPZ 02 is 5615 P/sq km or 20-p/ acre in 2015. c) Land Ownership: Major land owners in this Area are, Bangladesh Railway, CPA Military, National Housing authority (Halishahar R/A), CDA (Agrabad R/A, Sagarika I/A), PWD (Govt flats, offices, other community facilities) d) Socio Economic Condition: In the census of 2001, of 79455 HH some 48% are

pucca and 22% are katcha & Jhupri. Piped water supply exists in 20% HH. 77% use tube wells as source of drinking water. 37.7% HH. Electricity connection exists in 91.5% HH. Sanitary toilet facilities exist in 79.6 % HH (BBS 2001). 4.2.2

EXISTING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS

Besides the government developed planned areas, other areas grew sporadically, without any guidance, resulting in poor environmental conditions and inadequate urban amenities and facilities. Table 4.2: Existing land use features of the DPZ-02 Sl No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 9. 10 .11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Types of use Agriculture and Fisheries Commercial Activity Education and Research Hilly land Manufacturing & Processing Miscellaneous Mixed Use Open/Community Space Residential Restricted Service Facilities Transport & Community Vacant Land Water Body (ponds, khals) Coastal Char

TOTAL

Area (acre) 725 52 55 --1825 43 4 33 3326 773 14 725 1245 1125 756 10,129

% 6.78% 0.49% 0.50% --17.04% 0.40% 0.04% 0.30% 31.07% 7.24% 0.13% 6.78% 11.63% 10.51% 7.07% 100%

Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007 4-16

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a) Residential: There are major government staff quarters at Agrabad, Masurabad

and Halishahar and housing colonies of CPA and BR. Planned residential areas have been developed by CDA (Agrabad R/A) and by NHA (Halishahar H/S). Agrabad RA area is not connected to public transport network. The Agrabad and Halishahar R/A's are routinely flooded during June – September by rains and high tides. The frequency and flooding level has increased significantly. Private Neighborhoods (NH) North Agrabad, such as Rangipara, Anandapara, Mistripara, Ashkarabad, suffer from, water logging, poor access and lack of urban amenities. The Agrabad Access road had opened up opportunities but due to lack of a planning mechanism unplanned development continues. b) Industrial: The Sagarika Industrial Estate has developed by BSCIC/CDA and

CCC. Major industries are fish processing, garments, chemicals, pharmaceuticals etc. There are no treatment facilities. Garments factories occupy a number of commercial buildings in the Agrabad and Halishahar C/A and near Dewanhat and Mansurabad. c) Commercial: Major government offices, banks and private business offices are

located along the Sk. Mujib road. Commercial use occupies the Sadarghat road and DT roads. Government (CSD) warehouses are located in Halishahar. Government establishments (R& H, Food dept.) are located south of the rail track). Other commercial activities consist of shops and small business houses along all roads. These generally create obstruction to pedestrian and vehicular movement. Many have encroached on road and drain reservations and have insufficient parking and dropping arrangements. d) Topography and Drainage: Topographically the area is almost flat with a gentle westward slope. The area can be divided into at least four morphological units. A narrow stripe of piedmont land along the western edge of the hill range is relatively the higher ground and is well drained. The central and northern parts are predominantly the alluvial plain. The area between Agrabad access Road and DT road is the swampy depressed land, with very poor drainage condition and creates severe water logging even after a short torrential rainfall. The area west of Maheshkhal is the tidal plain, which has been protected from daily tidal inundation by a coastal embankment. Outside the embankment there is a strip of about 0.5 km wide muddy beach, mostly accreted from the sea. The zone is drained by a number of khals, mostly originating from the hilly areas. The khals, which discharge into the Bay of Bengal, are Kattoli khal and Rampur khal. Other khals, such as Gainna Chara khal and Nasir khal, originating from the north finally join with the Maheshkhal in the south. The Maheshkhal discharges into the Karnaphuli River in the east and is also connected to the sea in the west. This khal is the main drainage artery in this zone. e) Transport: The primary north-south roads, which serve this zone, are the SK.

Mujib Road (100 ft ROW), the Port Connecting Road (100 ft ROW), and the newly constructed Chittagong Port Access Toll Road (100 ft ROW), the Dhaka Trunk Road, which meets the Sk Mujib Road at Dewanhat Bridge. The major east-west roads are Agrabad Access Road (100 ft ROW), the Uttar Halishahar Road, the Madhya Halishahar Road and Sagarika Road. The east-west roads could be treated as secondary roads. f) Institutional: The Police Academy is the major institutional use in the area.

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Figure 4.3: Existing Land use Map of DPZ 02

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g) Restricted Area: Chittagong Port (CPA): Part of port lands and functions are in

this Zone (main office, storage sheds, staff quarters and community facilities), The BR land (marshalling yard and the Training Academy), Military areas (Artillery centre, the BDR camp, Army installation) are in this area. The Port is undergoing major improvements to its physical facilities, to expand its backward facilities. Principal activities include the following: Constructing a new port service road paralleling the railroad yards on the east site to the X-Y, Shed area and large railroad parcels adjacent to the Port Colony; Developing the Port Park as a FCL stripping compound and building a truck parking area on railroad land across the new port services road (ongoing) Developing the X Shed and associated yard as a CFS operation (ongoing) Developing an intermodal yard directly connected with the Chittagong Port Access Road (CPAR) in the main railroad-switching yard Developing warehouse and distribution center, which would include a Customs General Order Warehouse on the railroad site next to the Port Colony; Constructing connecting roads, flyovers, bridges, security fencing, and control gates, which are needed to service the off-dock containerized cargo facilities; Developing a connecting road from the CPAR to the New Mooring Container Terminal (NMCT) and CCT and constructing two tow-stage gate complexes for directly servicing the container terminals; Adding a second bridge across the Maheshkhal Developing a waste reception and treatment facility as per international regulations. h) Community Facilities: The government staff housing areas is well served by boys

and girls schools. Building conditions are generally poor. The Home Economics College, women's polytechnic, sports training centre at Halishahar are notable institutions. Private health facilities are emerging along the Access road. The port hospital, government Skin disease hospital and private Maa o shishu hospital serve limited needs. The Sagarika stadium is a major sport facility in need of upgrading. The Jumboree Field has been converted into the Karnaphuli Amusement park resulting in loss of public open space and flood retention function. . i) Culture and Heritage: There are number of large ponds of cultural significance.

Unfortunately the Padma pukur and the William Jones Pukur have been recently filled. William Jones road, Bazaar and charitable clinic exist in changed settings. j) Agriculture: Agriculture use (paddy) is present all along the coast. Extensive fish

farming exists west of the embankment on land leased from the Water Development Board. 4.2.3

EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

a) Land use Pattern: The existing environmental profile of this zone is linked to its

physical landscape, drainage network, and land use characteristics. The generalized land use pattern consists of the port and port uses in the south, planned commercial and residential areas at Agrabad and Halishahar, and spontaneous unplanned residential areas with other mixed uses in north Agrabad, Rampur, Saraipara and Kattali, BSCIC I/A at Kattali, defense establishment at Halishahar and large vacant lands along the coast and sea front mangrove belt. 4-19

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b) Water logging: Severe water logging is the major environmental concern in this

zone, which is very serious at Halishahar and north and some areas in south Agrabad. This is due to poor drainage condition, resulting from unplanned urban growth and failure of the Maheshkhal system to discharge into the Karnaphuli. Encroachment and siltation of the Maheshkhal is primarily responsible for severe water logging in this area. The situation becomes serious if heavy rainfall coincides with the spring tide. c) Industrial Pollution: Industrial effluences from BSCIC industrial zone at Kattoli

are a serious environmental concern. Besides, bad odor is a major source of marine pollution. The discharge of toxic effluences from such industries is a threat to aquatic life and to the neighborhoods. d) Marine pollution: Due to port operations, there is always the risk of pollution of

the Karnaphuli River, particularly oil spill from vessels and tankers. More potential threat is the accidental oil spill from oil tankers. e) Coastal Protection: Along the west coast new lands are being accreted due to heavy siltation. Part of this accreted land is covered by planted mangrove species, but vast areas are still vacant. Mangrove belt acts as a defense to cyclonic storm surges. Although this planning zone is sparsely developed (horizontally and vertically), it shows scarcity of vegetation growth and green cover. f) Water Bodies: The area is very rich in water bodies and ponds, many of which are historically important. Some of these dighis are quite big, and are the source of surface water, bathing facility and fish cultivation for the local people. 4.2.4

HIGHER LEVEL PLANNING

a) Structure Plan – CMMP 1995: Part of the area (west of Sk. Mujib rd) has been

identified as a Special Commercial Area. (The eastern part is located in Zone 3). This is to be developed at high standards to attract business houses to locate here and turn it into a prestige commercial area. Along the coast major urban use has been discouraged as noted in DPZ 01. The Structure Plan policies are similar to that of DPZ-01. b) Urban Development Plan CMMP 1995: In line with the Structure Plan policies

the major actions are similar to Area One with haphazardly fringe areas. Distinguishable new feature is: • Identifying a mechanism for ensuring the development of Agrabad Commercial Area as a special commercial area. The other important action is: • Identification of areas of urban open space that require protection and enhancement. 4.2.5

DETAILED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

Improving the water logging and drainage, revitalizing the formal areas, improving the environment and the haphazardly developed fringe areas will be a major challenge for the Area. Provision of community amenities and creation of economic areas will be a major aim. a) Residential (Housing): Improvement of haphazardly developed housing areas will be a major aim. Improvements to government housing areas and guiding the redevelopment of planned areas are significant. Land readjustment and guided land 4-20

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development schemes may be made mandatory. The Authority will liaison with CCC / NHA / government / Community / NGO’s to improve these two type of settlements. For traditionally grown areas the following policies will apply for all improvement areas. Policies in Chapter 2: H1.1, H1.2, H1.3. H1.4, H3, H3.1, H5, ECN 11.1, ECN 11.2, ECN 13.1, COM 1.2, COM 1.3, RO 2, RO 3, RO 3.1, RO 3.2, RO 3.4, RO 3.5, and RO 3.8 will apply. In Annex 2: Guidance Notes 2 (with all its subsections) is mandatory. Guidance 5, 6a, 10, 11 and 12 will be considered.

Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / NHA / Private sector / NGOs/ Local residents / local representatives RI-02-01/ RI-02-02 / RI-02-03/ RI-02-04 / RI-02-05 / RI-02-06/ RI-02-07: Seven sub areas are developing in a disorderly way. Opportunities exist to guide development of these

areas and improve the urban environment. The aim would be to provide urban amenities, and make provision for local employment. The Authority will coordinate with relevant bodies and local representatives to overcome water logging and lack of access. . RI-02-08: There are government staff quarters particularly in Agrabad (PWD, T& T,

Forest etc) and Mansurabad (PDB, etc), which are in dilapidated conditions. These need revitalization. This applies to CPA and BR housing also. RI-02-09/ RI-02-10: The two large planned residential areas (Agrabad and Halishahar)

are undergoing transformation. Community facilities have to be expanded. Plot owners may contribute towards availability of such facilities. Other fiscal measures may be incorporated to pay a percentage of the cost of provision by making reservations of existing vacant sites. Encroachment along the Mahesh Khal has to be removed and a green belt established. To ensure sunlight, air into buildings maximum plot coverage should be restricted to 60% of plot area. The maximum walk up height of 6 stories imposed by the government may be retained. RN-02-01: Along the coast an area may develop for a new residential area for the High-income group. The Authority will decide the number of units. There will be a range of unit sizes. Policies H 3, H3.1, H 4.2, H 6B will apply. Notes Guidance Notes 2.3, 2.3, 3.2, 5, 6a, 10 and 12 will apply as relevant.

Implementing Agency: CDA / Private sector companies / NGO's/ Local residents / local representatives RN-02-02: West of the CPAR an area may be reserved for new residential area with

emphasis to the LI and MI group. The Authority will decide the number of units. The distribution will be LI 50%, MI 40% and HI 10%. The technique of land readjustment will be used to create flood retention ponds (5 - 7%) parks and open spaces and commercial sites to recoup costs. Planned provisions will be made to accommodate existing settlements within the scheme. Policies H3, H3.1, H3.2, H4.2, H4.4 will apply and Guidance notes 1 ( as applicable), 05, 6, 10, 12 will apply.

Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / NHA / Private sector companies / NGO's/ Local residents / local representatives

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Figure 4.4: Proposed Land use Plan of DPZ 02

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b) Industrial In-02-01: The Sagarika I/A and its immediate northeastern part is a major industrial

area. This needs utilization to full capacity, major environmental protection from pollutants and parking facilities. A construction yard may be permitted. A min. of 50' tree buffer will be planted to protect neighboring settlements from noise and sound pollution. Implementing agency: CDA/Private sector developers/ landowners

In-02-02: The narrow strip on the north of DT road is recommended for small manufacturing industries and business houses. The area needs road and drainage improvement and introduction of footpaths. Policies ECN 04, ECN 04.1, ECN 04.3, ECN 04.4, ECN 11, ECN 11.1, ECN 11.2, ECN 11.3, ECN 11.4, ECN 13, ECN 13.1 will apply.

Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / Relevant Industry owner /Private sector c) Commercial Com-02-01: An area along the coast may be used for fish related economic activity.

This will include fishermen's housing, fish trade and auction centre. Facilities will be incorporated to allow tourist facilities. Original owners will be rehabilitated within the scheme. Agricultural use will continue in other areas. Implementing Agency: Govt. / CCC / Private sector companies / private land owner Com-02-02: An area along the coast may be designated for a craftsmen's village - 'Bay Crafts Village". This will include housing for artisans and craftsmen, manufacturing areas, and marketing facilities. Facilities will be incorporated to allow tourist visits. Original owners will be rehabilitated within the scheme. Policies ECN 11.3, ECN 12, H 3.1, H3.2, RO3.4, will apply 02-1 and 0-2.

Implementing Agency: Govt./ BCSIC / CDA/ CCC / private sector companies / private land owners Com-02-03 / Com-02-04: An area south of the Customs Training academy and another

west of DT road is recommended for commerce and small enterprises. Existing population will be resettled through land development techniques within the area. Policies ECN 11, ECN 11.1- 5, H3.1, H3.2, ENV will apply.

Implementing Agency: Govt./PWD/Forest dept. Com-02-05: The area west of the Sk. Mujib Road is designated as, "Special

Commercial Area", in the CMMP. As a special commercial area all developments will be of high aesthetic quality. Permitted uses will consist of offices, shops, government buildings, parks, civic buildings and squares, restaurants, specialized markets, schools, religious buildings, off street parking. Residential uses will be permitted in the upper floors (above 6 floors). The government staff housing will be revitalized. Hospital areas will be upgraded and enhanced. The Open space will be retained as a formal playground with seats and tree lined landscaped areas. (Further details under Recreation/Open Space) Privately held areas have to be developed in a comprehensive manner. A set of gridiron roads will have to be developed to open up the area for appropriate development. All further subdivision and isolated building construction should be brought under a comprehensive layout with interconnected road network. A pedestrian and NMT and cycle lane (12' to 15') should be developed 4-23

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west of the Sk. Mujib road with short connections to the Sk. Mujib road. The road west of the Jamboree field needs to be connected to the Agrabad access road along the Nasir khal and to the Sadarghat Road. Illegal encroachments from the Khal should be removed. Policies H4, H4.1, H4.2, H4.3, H4.4, H3, H3.1, H3.2, COM 1.3, RO 1, RO 3.1, RO 3.5, RO 3.8, ECN 11, ECN 11.1, ECN 11.2, ECN 9.1, ECN 9.2, ECN H 2.3, will apply and Guidance Notes all sections of 03, 04, 6 , 11 will apply.

Implementing Agency: CDA/ CCC / private sector companies / private landowners Com-02-06: A liner strip between the Agrabad Access Road and the Halishahar Road

may be considered as an area for small scale enterprise such as furniture making, recycling facilities, small workshops, construction yards etc. in a planned organized manner. Existing large water bodies will be retained and used for reservoirs and urban public spaces. Implementing Agency: CDA/ CCC / private sector companies / private land owners d) Mixed Use: MU-02-01/ MU-02-02/ MU-02-03: Three areas a north of the Strand road at Gosaildanga

is recommended for area upgrading through guided land management technique. Environmental and access conditions will be improved and open spaces created. This area will be mixed in character with emphasis to housing for middle and low-income housing and commercial and small enterprises. Guidance Note 02 will apply e) Drainage: In accordance with the ‘Storm Water Drainage and Flood Control

Master Plan – 1995’, DPZ-02 falls partly in the Drainage Area No. 4a (Agrabad Residential Area) and Area No. 4b (Western coastal plain) of the Drainage Master Plan. Whole area of DPZ-02 is covered by Drainage Master Plan proposals. In addition, DAP study has identified the drainage works to be done for DPZ-02. Drainage Master Plan Proposals for the area include: 1. Rehabilitation of Nasir khal, Pakiza Khal, Rampur Khal, Maheshkhal, Gaina Chara Khal and Kattali Khal are proposed 2. Four secondary new khal is proposed 3. 1 silt traps along the Pakiza khal is proposed and its location is identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.4 4. 3 regulators on khals flowing into the Bay of Bengal and one regulator in the mouth of Sheikh Mujib Road box culvert is proposed and their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.4 5. One flood storage pond along Maheshkhal is proposed 6. Flood defense is proposed on the right bank of the River Karnaphuli and along the Bay of Bengal Coast.

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DAP Proposals: 1. Retaining and preservation of 187 ponds of 0.5 acres and above is proposed. The accumulated size of these existing ponds proposed to be preserved equal approximately 253.4 acres. These ponds are identified in Figure 4.4. 2. Two secondary new khals near the embankment of the Bay of Bengal with a total length of about 3.9km are proposed and their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.4. Additionally, drains/khals are proposed on both the sides of the new roads. 3. Following drainage guiding principles/guidelines C at page 3-3 remaining drainage network is proposed and identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.4 4. Location of a site for a sewerage treatment plant is identified near the embankment by the side of a branch khal linking Maheshkhal. The location is identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.4 5. Where not shown specifically in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.4 drainage guiding principles/ guidelines will apply. f) Transportation: Although this zone is well served by major network of roads,

some of the secondary east-west links are narrow; as a result the traffic circulation is not efficient. Again none of the east-west links provide any exit to the west, where a major embankment-cum road is proposed along the coast. Since the Port Access Toll Road runs parallel to the Embankment-cum Road, all east-west connections shall have to be at grade. In order to improve traffic circulation, the following major roads are proposed 1.0 Major Road Proposals

1.1 Extension of Madhya Halishahar Road to the west up to the Embankmentcum-Road, with a ROW of 60 ft. This road would also provide a link to the Halishahar Road running between Madhya Halishahar and Dakhshin Halishahar. This will also provide an alternative road between the city and the airport. 1.2 Extension of Uttar Halishahar Road to the west up to Embankment-Cum Road, with a ROW of 60 ft. 1.3 Extension of Sagarika Road to the west up to Embankment-cum-Road, with a ROW of 60 ft. 2.0 City Bus Terminal: An area south of the stadium at Sagarika has been earmarked

for development as a city bus terminal. This will be a public transport terminal to facilitate interchange between traffic modes, covering both public and private transport. Public toilets and other passenger facilities will be provided. Facilities will be operated on commercial basis. Some commercial offices may be allowed in the upper floors to recoup costs of development. Original landowners could be partners to this development or compensated / resettled in adjoining areas. 3.0 Road Intersections: There are two major intersections, which are critical and need

to be properly designed to enhance traffic safety. Both are near Alangkar Moore. These are 3.1 Intersection between Dhaka Trunk Road and Port Connecting Road 3.2 Intersection between Sagarika Road and Port Connecting Road, particularly in view of the city bus terminal proposed on Sagarika Road

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4.0 Foot over bridges: To enhance traffic safety, pedestrian over bridges are proposed

at the following locations: i) Port access road ii) Agrabad Access Road, iii) Uttar Kattali (Near Cornelhat bazaar, iv) Alangkar more v) Sk. Mujib Road (at least 2) g) Restricted Areas (Port) Rt (CPA)-02-01: The CPA is undergoing major upgrading of its underused and derelict

storage and housing areas more efficiently. This Plan supports this move. To reduce noise and contain air borne pollution massive tree plantation buffer must be created. The large water bodies must be retained and more created for flood retention surface water use. Existing settlements may be resettled with work areas within the site through land sharing. Other restricted areas will have their own programme. h) Community Facilities Comm-02-01 / Comm-02-02: Two areas at important junctions (Agrabad and Alangkar)

are recommended to act as the community and local administration and community centre. Limited commercial use will be permitted. Public transport stoppage, parking and dropping facility will be incorporated. Policies COM 1, COM 1.1, ECN 11.2, CH 1, CH 2.3, ECN 9.3, ECN 13.2, will apply Implementing Agency: CCC / CDA/ private sector companies /private landowners Comm-02-03: Reservations may be made for a health facility north of Halishahar R/A.

Existing landowners will be accommodated in a planned manner and some land released through compulsory acquisition and land sharing techniques. Implementing Agency: CCC / CDA/ private sector companies /private landowners Comm-02-04: Reservations may be made for a graveyard in an area along the coast.

Implementing Agency: CCC / private landowners Comm-02-05: A site north west of the Halishahar R/A may be considered as an

educational zone. A residential high school, university, Home Economics College, sports training facility exists. The khal going through the site will be conserved as a green pathway. 50% of the site should be kept open and green. Existing settlements will be resettled within the zone. Implementing Agency: Govt. / CCC / CDA/ private sector i) Leisure, Recreation, Parks and Open Spaces RO-02-01: The 1 acre vacant plot south of Rd 01 at Agrabad R/A shall be reserved as

a play ground for the NH schools and the NH children. Public toilets and some sitting arrangement shall be provided. Vendors will be given specified locations to sell food items in mobile carts at designated time. It can also serve as a kitchen market (only in mobile carts) for limited hours. (The community shall pay rent for use of the facility.) After school hours it should be treated as a public open space for children of the area. Implementing Agency: CDA /CCC/Community Organization (ARASCA) RO-02-02: The sports stadium at Sagarika may be upgraded and further facilities

added to make it a venue of regional and international sports events. Other facilities will consist of adequate parking facilities, public transport dropping facilities, limited commercial/community facilities (within 5% of area) and dorms, institutional housing for players, sports administrators. Original landowners will be rehabilitated within the zone. Implementing Agency: CDA /CCC/ Other Government agencies 4-26

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RO-02-03: A park incorporating existing water bodies is recommended east of the

proposed health facility on both sides of a proposed north south road. Existing landowners will be compensated or rehabilitated through sharing or readjustment techniques as is relevant and limited commercial cum housing facility covering 10% area to recoup costs. Implementing Agency: CDA /CCC / Other Government agencies RO-02-04: The Karnaphuli Amusement Park needs improvement of its entrance area

and parking facilities have to be introduced. The following actions are recommended: removal / demolition of rows of shops on the north of the field, creation of a tree plantation and pedestrian walkway and hawkers' site (non polluting items only), visual connection of the park from the road and public areas. The vacant north western portion may be released for a children’s park open to all. New additions to the park will be discouraged and its open areas retained. Implementing Agency: CDA/CCC/PWD / Private sector RO-02-05: The 10 acre field owned by PWD (East of Jamboree field) has to be

retained as a formal playfield to serve the whole Zone. The following recommendations are made; provision for public toilets, maintenance and security rooms, seats, no solid boundary wall, and adequate parking arrangements. The field should be landscaped and built to a high design standard. Implementing Agency: CDA/PWD/CCC/Forest department /other government/Private sector RO-02-06: To promote tourism, the Behular Dighi (11.04 acres) and Joor Dighi (22.496

acres) area may be developed into a recreational park named "The Railway Taranga". Illegal encroachments should be removed. A high-class commercial building may be constructed (5% area) to provide visitor facilities (toilets, restaurants, souvenir shops, etc.), and community halls, to recoup cost of development. The full urban and economic potentials of these magnificent large water bodies must be utilized.. Implementing Agency: CDA/Railway/ Parjatan / Private sector companies RO 02-7 An area along the coast is suited for a picnic spot. This is easily connected to

the bay and can be developed to attract visitors. Structures can occupy 10% of area. Other facilities include seats, pavilions, toilets, restrooms and limited number of shops. This may be named, “Oboshor". Implementing Agency: CDA/CCC/ Parjatan/Private sector companies/Private land owners j) Utility Services Ut-02-01: An area along the coast on the northern edge may be considered as the city

garbage dump and recycling facilities. As the prevailing wind is from the southwest the existing CCC dump yard at Ward 39 is inappropriately located. Tree plantation and such protection needed to protect surrounding areas from overspill of garbage and bad odor must be made. Implementing Agency: Govt. / CCC / private sector companies /NGO's/CBOs Ut-02-02: The present DAP study recommends that the responsible agencies for the

provision of utility services, will prepare their own detailed plan in respective fields. k) Culture and Heritage

CH-02-01 / CH-02-2 / CH-02-03: Two sites may be protected from demolition and disfigurement. i) The Mandir west of Sk Mujib road, ii) the petrol pump adjacent to Barik Building junction. Implementing Agency: CDA /CCC / Landowners 4-27

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l) Agriculture A-02-01: The government agricultural extension centre is very rich in agriculture

production. This should be retained and developed as Khamar Bari - a model village centre. Besides high quality seed production, other innovative uses (snake farm), may be incorporated to attract visitors. Visitor facilities may be added. Semi urban housing built to serve the centre covering a maximum 10% area. Original landowners shall be rehabilitated within the zone. The 'Khamar Bari', will make positive improvement to the environment. Implementing Agency: CCC/ CDA/ Other Government Agencies/Land owners A-02-02: An area west of the Artillery centre shall be retained as an agricultural zone

for security related reasons. Existing settlements will be retained in its semi urban state and building heights restricted to a maximum of three stories. Implementing Agency: CDA/Other Government Agencies/ Landowners A-02-03: The current use of lands west of the embankment may be continued as fish

culture ponds. This activity may be extended. However, the environmental and visual quality has to be enhanced to attract tourism. Limited facilities to attract tourism should be developed. Implementing Agency: BWDB/ CDA/Other Government Agencies 4.2.6

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT

For the future development activities of this planning zone the principal aim is to; reduce water logging, stop industrial pollution (water), creating green belts and open spaces and stop loss of water ponds/dighis. It is necessary to develop the area in an environment friendly manner. Some guiding principles are: a) Controlling Unplanned Urban Growth Trends And Encroachment: Unplanned

urbanization and encroachment of Nasir, Rampur and Gainna Chara khal, siltation of the outlets, construction of inadequate box culvert and sluice gate of the Kattali khal to the Bay, and more importantly the encroachment and siltation of the Maheshkhal are the major causes. Immediate improvement of these khals, removal of all legal/illegal obstacles, re-excavation, and fixation of the bank-lines by walkway is required. Maheshkhal is the main drainage artery in this zone, and this needs special planning attention. b) Reducing Pollution: To reduce the current trends of water pollution by industrial

effluents from the BSCIC I/A at Kattali, Industrial Waste Treatment Plant, (individually or by group of units) must be installed immediately. No industry would be allowed to discharge their effluences without treatment. c) Protecting Water Bodies: This planning zone, particularly wards 10, 11 and 12 are rich in ponds and dighis. The community is using water of many of these dighis. Such dighis, under any form of ownership, should not be allowed to be filled up. These are marked in the Figure 4.4 d) Implementing Projects: A green belt can be generated on both sides of the toll

road (CPAR), DT road, banks of major khals and Sagarika Stadium compound. Other proposals are:

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EN-02-01: To reduce flash flooding, the port land bounded by the Maheshkhal on the

east and the PC road on the west must be conserved as an open space to accommodate the overspill of floodwaters of the natural khal system. Originally this land acted as a retention area during high tides and rainfall. It is recommended that this area to be retained as a green park named, " Port Ananda". The existing school, staff quarters and grave will remain and will be aesthetically enhanced. The edges of the khal will be developed into a green pathway. All leases to shops should be cancelled and a defined plantations scheme prepared. This should include large open landscaped areas with seats, sports facilities (court games, swimming facilities, tracks and fields, football and cricket), public toilets, a kitchen market with appropriate buffer to separate play areas, a shopping mall, adequate parking for all types of vehicles, bus stoppage / bus bay and adequate provision for public transport dropping and stalling. The setting has to be of high architectural design standard. A minimum of three pedestrian crossings from the east and north. (Agrabad R/A rd 17, rd 4 and Boropool area) is recommended. The spectacular meandering views of the Maheshkhal from the proposed foot bridges could be a great attraction for visitors. Implementing Agency: CPA /CDA/ Forest Department / private sector. EN-02-02: In the North Agrabad area, a 10 acres site is recommended for creating an

urban forest called, "Chaya Bithi". Water bodies may be created in some 20-25% of the site to relieve water logging and create leisure spaces. Implementing Agency: CCC/ CDA/ Forest Department/ CBOs/ NGOs/ Private landowners EN-02-03 A number of ponds are recommended to retain in the above area. These can

be developed as public urban spaces and used as recreational facility to generate income. Implementing Agency: CCC/ CDA/ CBOs/ NGOs/ Private landowners En-02-04: To reduce the deadly effect of cyclone and storm surges and act as a shield

a seaside mangrove green belt, extending from the embankment to low tide limit is recommended. There will be gaps (100m on both sides) of the natural khals and natural creeks. Measures should be taken to facilitate visitors (elevated walkways, boat berthing decks etc) Implementing Agency: CDA/BWD / Forest Department / CBOs/ NGOs En-02-05: All along the natural khals and creeks, a 20’ width of land will be kept free

from all development and turned into a green walkway. Guidance Note 12. Implementing Agency: CDA/BWD /CCC/ Forest Department / CBOs/ NGOs EN-02-06: To reduce further vulnerability due to surges, development of a green

corridor along the landward side of the coastal embankment by non-mangrove native species is recommended. A tree plantation zone of varying width is recommended on the landward side of the coastal embankment. Implementing Agency: CDA/BWD /CCC/ Forest Department / CBOs/ NGOs

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4.3 DPZ 03: SADARGHAT - CHAWKBAZAAR 4.3.1

EXISTING SITUATION

a) Location and Administrative Boundary: This Zone is where Chittagong city

evolved. It starts from the north bank of the Karnaphuli River port and extends northward to cover the traditional city, up to Chawkbazaar. It covers areas built during the Sultanate, Mughal and British rule. It is bounded by the Nawab Sirajuddowla road and its north and southward connections to the east, Sadarghat road on the south, the Sk. Mujib and CDA Avenue on the west and OR Nizam road on the north. Double Mooring and Kotwali Thanas are situated in this Zone. The 14 wards are: 15, 16,20,21,22,23,28,29,30,31,32,33,34 and part of 35. b) Population: The population of this Zone was 440,654 in 2001 (BBS). According

to the trend projection CMMP, this is estimated to grow to 592226 in 2011 recording a rise of 151,572 persons over a 10-year period. This Plan estimates the population to rise to 720,739 in 2015. Planned redevelopment and renewal of the area in phases and efficient use of spaces can cater to this increase. The population density of the Zone is 132 persons per acre in 2001. c) Land Ownership: Major land owners in the formal sector are: PWD, Chittagong

Port, Military and Bangladesh Railway. d) Socio Economic Condition: According to the socio economic survey it is found

that 73 - 77% HH consist of 4 to 6 members. Literacy rate is the highest in the area, which is some 92.4%. Most HH depend on trade and commerce for their livelihood. Major income of HH comes from middle scale business and salary from private job. HH's spend approximately 40% of total monthly income on food and about 30% for house rent. Literacy rate of the area is 65.66 %. 4.3.2 EXISTING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS

The riverside and adjoining area is the business and trading hub of the city. Like all traditionally grown area it is mixed use in character. Streets are lined with shops, small manufacturing workshops and offices while residences are in the upper floors or at the rear plots which are often accessed by very narrow lanes and by-lanes. Most cultural and heritage sites are located here. There are a number of small hillocks for which Chittagong is so unique. The northern part is more formally developed with predominant residential use. Major community facilities developed by the government and the private sector are in this Zone. The area is currently undergoing major transformation by the replacement of existing low height buildings including vacant and open spaces into high-rise multistoried apartments, shopping malls, commercial buildings, medical clinics etc, without any consideration to the movement, drainage and open space system, and other urban facilities. a) Residential: Planned high-income areas (Panchlaish R/A, Nasirabad Housing

Society, and Hill View), are undergoing transformation. These sites have good access to individual plots but have inadequate provision of open spaces and urban facilities. None have footpaths. Overbuilding is destroying the fabric of these areas.

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The older parts of the city have grown incrementally over the years and have a mix of residential types with other uses. There are numerous slums and squatters in this Zone. Also present are government staff quarters. These areas are also under pressure for redevelopment, which is occurring piecemeal, benefiting a few. The total number of structures is around 33,530. Out of that 24,289 are used for residential purpose of which 41%, 40%, 5% and 14% are pucca, semi pucca, tin shade and katcha respectively. Table 4.3: Existing land use features of DPZ-03 Sl. No. 1

Land Use Category Agriculture

2

0.059%

2

Commercial

336.605

10.084%

3

Education & Research

46.707

1.399%

4

Manufacturing & Processing

31.243

0.936%

5

Mixed Use

251.783

7.543%

6

Office Use

13.161

0.394%

7

Open/Community Space

41.418

1.240%

8

Residential

838.244

25.076%

9

Service Facilities

50.205

1.504%

10

Transportation

356.075

10.668%

11

Vacant Land

66.849

2.003%

12

Water Body

646.37

19.365%

13

Miscellaneous

25.238

0.756%

14

Restricted area

41.851

1.254%

595.013 3342.762

17.826% 100

Hilly area 15 Total Source: Land use Survey, 2006-2007

Area (in acre)

Percentage

b) Industrial: As per the land use survey data, approximately 268 manufacturing and

processing industries are present here. A significant number is located along the Chaktai khal system. These consist of salt processing, wood and furniture making. c) Commercial: About 5027 commercial structures have been identified in different

areas of DPZ 03. The area has some specific trade in specific areas such as the largest medicine centre is in ward Anderkilla ward (Hazari goli). Bicycle and related business is in the Alkaran area, tiles shop along Jubilee road, wholesale cloth in Teri Bazaar, furniture shop along S.S. Khaled road. Besides, fabrics, jewelry and musical instruments are in the old areas of DPZ 03. The New Market is a major formal retail shopping development. Surrounding it is the Reazuddin bazaar, which is the largest concentration of retail shopping and kitchen market in the city. Agrabad C/A is a predominating commercial district. d) Topography and Drainage: Topographically this zone can be divided into at least

six morphological units. These are: i) Hills, ii) valleys iii) alluvial plains iv) tidal plains v) swampy land and vi) khals and river. Hills occupy a major part of this zone. Some important hill ranges are CRB hill, Court hill, DC hill, civil surgeon hill, Joy Pahar, Chatteswari hill and Goal Pahar. These hills are about 595 acres and the

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southernmost extents of these hills are up to the Dhaka-Chittagong rail tracks leading to the railway station. There is an extensive development of piedmont land in between these hill ranges and also bordering their edges. It is hard to isolate the valley areas because many of these areas have been leveled for human settlements. However, some valleys still remain within the hill ranges. In the south of the rail-tracts and in the eastern part of the area alluvial plain lands have been developed, with gentle slopes towards the south. A narrow stripe of tidal plain land along the riverbank is relatively low-lying area and very poorly drained. The area along the Chaktai course is the swampy depressed land, with very poor drainage condition and creates severe water logging even after a short torrential rainfall. The planning area is drained by number of khals, which are mostly originated from the hilly uplands in the north and discharge into the Karnaphuli. Some of the major khals are Chaktai, Sadarghat, Jamal khan, Badarpatti, Mirza, Hizra, and Chatteswari khal. Chaktai khal is the main drainage artery. However, many of these khals have been encroached and made narrow, which is one of the main causes of poor drainage and water logging in this planning area e) Transport: i) Road Network: There are a number of roads in this zone. Important north - south

roads are CDA Avenue, Jubilee road, Nawab Sirajuddowla road, College road, S.K Mujib road and D.T road. Others are Sadarghat road, Kabi Nazrul Islam road, Iqbal road and Ashraf Ali road. Major east west roads are Station road and Strand road. Others are S.S. Khaled road, Chatteswari road and O. R Nizam road. ii) River Network: A large number of economic activities take place along the

Karnaphuli River using the numerous ghats situated along the river. These ghats play an important role in fish supply to the local and national market, provide riverine communication through trawlers and small ships between Chittagong city and its surrounding districts as well as other parts of the country. iii) Rail Way: Chittagong railway station is located in this Zone. Due to cheaper fares

this transport mode, is widely used by the low and middle class population. Approximately 4 km. rail track lies in this Zone. f) Institutional: The Chittagong central jail is located here. Plans to relocate it to

Hathazari and free the space for urban amenity use as suggested by the past plan of 1961 were not considered feasible. The Office of the Metropolitan Police is situated here. g) Restricted Area: There are some restricted areas in the city centre are, such as,

Naval residential area and MES field station h) Community Facilities: The city like any other city in Bangladesh is poorly served

by community facilities and urban amenities. This zone has the major community facilities serving the city and its hinterland, which are as follows: i) Health: The 100 bed Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH), the General

Hospital (100 bed) and the Railway hospital is located here. Numerous private hospitals/clinics have developed in the vicinity of the CMCH (in Panchlaish, OR Nizam Road, Mehedibagh). More are under construction (with or without permits). Generally speaking these have violated legal open space requirements, causing huge disruption to the through traffic. 4-32

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Figure 4.5: Existing Land use Map of DPZ 03

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ii) Education: The land area under education in this Zone is approximately 47 acres.

Major colleges are: Chittagong College, Mohsin college, City college, Chittagong Commerce College, Enayetbazaar Women’s' college. Amongst the private universities - Premier University by CCC has its own buildings, some of which are built on road and drain reserve. Others are in rented buildings. Significant government schools are: the Collegiate School, Kastagir girls school, Muslim High school. Important private schools are: St. Scholista, St Placids and St Marys’, Aparna Charan School, BAWA school. The CCC runs some schools. There are a number of private English Medium schools. Private and CCC schools suffer from lack of open spaces and play grounds. New schools are not being able to provide open spaces due to high land prices and inability of private owners to assemble land. There is no institutional support. i) Utility Services i) Water supply: CWASA is the responsible authority to supply water. Trunk mains

and a network of smaller mains serve the study area. Supply water is not available and sometimes it comes with filthy. ii) Electricity: A network of transmission line supply electricity in the area covered by

Detailed Plan. There are various types of transmission lines in the study area. As for example, Industries and residential areas are supplied by the 11 kv and 6 kv lines. Capacities of transmission lines vary according to the demand of different parts of the Detailed Area Plan. iii) Gas: Bakhrabad Gas System Ltd. is responsible authority to supply gas in the area.

Main distribution lines and a network of smaller mains serve the study area. iv) Sewerage system: There is no sewerage system in the study area as well as other parts of Chittagong city. Sewage is disposed through septic tanks, drains, and to the ground directly. v) Telecommunication: The study finds that the telecommunication network of T&T

serves the DPZ-03. vi) Solid waste collection and disposal: The Conservancy Department of Chittagong

City Corporation (CCC) has responsibility to collect waste from dustbin and transport them to the final disposal sites. The study finds that waste management system of CCC does not attain satisfactory level. j) Leisure, Recreation, Parks and Open Spaces: Sports: Major sporting facilities

consist of the MA Aziz stadium, the outer stadium and gym. Major playgrounds are the Polo ground, parade ground, Mohsin college ground. The MA Aziz stadium is being upgraded. The outer stadium and other playgrounds are in a state of neglect and dereliction. Parks: The Laldighi Park with tank has been renovated by CCC and will be made

open to the public for angling and swimming. Amusement park: The Chittagong Shishu Park (by CCC) is an amusement park. Built

in the forecourt of the former historic circuit house, this amusement park greatly diminishes the historic appeal of the landmark building, which is also an icon of Chittagong. The park has no set back to cater to the traffic circulation and parking generated by the facility.

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Cinema: Due lack of viewer interest and poor economic return, some eight cinema

halls have closed in this zone and changed to shopping centres. The Lions cinema is a historical site, the Almas Cinema hall (operated by the Muktijoddha Kallyan Trust) once the pride of Chittagong, is poor condition. Both need major renovation. Theatre and Public Halls: The Muslim Hall (500 capacity) is the most significant

public hall. The area may be considered as the cultural precinct of the traditional city, with along the Shaheed Minar, Theatre Institute, Studio Theatre, the Public Library and the Society of Arts and Literature. The latter three are located in an open space once known as the Hands Park (developed during the British Rule). Parks have been routinely abused. Proposals to construct high-rise commercial buildings by the police and the society in this former park area will generate huge volumes of traffic in an already congested area and will greatly diminish the image of the traditional cultural area. The JM Sen Hall is an important hall and open space in need of urban upgrading. Other Significant social clubs and community facilities are: The Chittagong Club, the Waziullah Institute, the Ladies club, the Institution of Engineers Bangladesh (IEB), Chittagong Centre. The IEB is contemplating provision of underground parking facility and upgrading the open grounds into an open urban plaza. These should be implemented. Museum: The Zia Smriti museum, the naval museum, and the single storied Ethnological Museum (at Agrabad C/A), all suffer from poor facilities, and there is thus lack of visitor interest. Religious: Major religious facilities of all four faiths are located here. Most significant mosques are the Jamat-ul-Falah mosque, the Anderkilla Jamme Mashjid and Kadam Mubarak. The latter two are historically important. Amanat Shah Mazar is significant. These suffer from poor environmental conditions. k) Culture and Heritage: The zone has a number of sites, buildings and areas that need

protection for historical, cultural, and architectural interest. These are in neglect and misuse. A preliminary list of such buildings and sites are listed in Annex 4. 4.3.3

EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

The generalized Land use pattern of this zone is the low density residential uses of hilly areas; planned commercial area at Agrabad; unplanned commercial zones at Khatunganj- Reazuddin bazaar-Sadarghat area; planned residential areas at Agrabad, Panchlaish, Hill view and Katalganj; unplanned high density residential areas at Jamal khan, Chawkbazaar, Anderkilla, Enayetbazaar, Dewanbazaar and Madarbari areas; and inland port related activities and haphazardly placed warehouses along the river bank. However, some environmental issues in this planning zone are: i) Water logging: Water logging in many of areas is a severe environmental concern. The worst affected areas are Katalganj, Chawkbazaar, and Dewanbazaar. These areas are badly affected, even after a brief rainfall period. The main causes of water logging are siltation due to hill erosion, encroachment of the khals and artificial obstacles. ii) Ponds and Water bodies: Some water bodies of socio-cultural significance are Agrabad Deba, Ranir Dighi, Ashker Dighi and Laldighi. Other such dighis, - Komol daha, and Raja Pukur have been filled. Ponds and water bodies are part of urban

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micro-climate and urban hydrology. Permanent loss is a threat to the city environment. iii) Open space and Play Ground: The number of open space and playing grounds are grossly inadequate. Important open space / play grounds are Polo ground, Laldighi Maidan, City college field, Mohsin college field, Parade ground, St. Placid’s School field, and Jamiatul Falah Maidan and Stadium compound. iv) Slum Population: The traditional part of the city is characterized by sporadic

growth of slum dwellings. The physical condition and social environment of these slums is very poor. These include poor dwelling units, poor drainage, sanitation and lack of urban utilities. A highest number of about 242,000 people live in 73 slum clusters in ward No-7. Slums in CRB area do not lie in harmony with the natural beauty of this landscape. v) Karnaphuli Encroachment and pollution: The Karnaphuli River banks, between the

port and Shah Amanat bridge has been encroached by individuals and groups for residential and industrial use. Pollution is caused by dumping of solid waste by adjacent land users and also through oil spills from country boats. A large number of mechanized boats operate in the Sadarghat area. They operate and anchor on the river channel in a disorganized way. These actions reduce the river flow and lead to accelerate siltation of the riverbed. vi) Earthquake Risk: The City is highly vulnerable to earthquake, not only due to its location close to the tectonic fault line, but also due to a high number of old and dilapidated buildings in this Zone. Along the river front line there is the risk of liquefaction after an earthquake. High-rise buildings along the river should only be permitted with detailed study. vii) Urban Congestion and Microclimate: There are very little open spaces between and

around buildings, particularly in Jamal khan, Anderkilla, Enayetbazaar, Dewanbazar and Alkaran. Due to congestion, the micro-climate of the zone is badly affected, making it humid and uncomfortable, both in summer and winter seasons. viii) Fire hazard: The risk of fire hazard is extremely high due to overcrowding, poor

ventilation and lack of emergency access. The Reazuddin bazaar area is particularly vulnerable. Buildings are so closely packed leaving no space in between the buildings to conduct rescue operations during a fire. A University campus on top of a gas filling station near WASA is one of the most vulnerable buildings in terms of fire hazard. ix) Hill cutting / Landslides: Compared to other hilly areas, the hill topography of this

zone is relatively less disturbed. However, there are some incidents of hill cuttings in Chatteswari and Lalkhan bazaar area. The potential locations of landslides are: Tiger pass, Charagi Pahar. 4.3.4

HIGHER LEVEL PLANNING

a) Structure Plan – CMMP 1995: Major Structure Plan policies relate to urban

redevelopment and renewal to cater to business and shelter and socio cultural needs of the residents and enhance the city environment. These are discussed in each relevant sector. The major thrust is to increase the economic potentials and to enhance the image of Chittagong.

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b) Urban Development Plan CMMP 1995: In line with the Structure Plan policies

the major actions recommended are as follows: • Implementation of slum improvement programme. • Implementation of the first phase Drainage improvement Plan and the Transport Plan. • Identification and implementation of urban upgrading schemes. • Identification of a mechanism for redevelopment of Chaktai, Sadarghat and Agrabad Commercial area. • Identification and introduction of measures to improve major commercial streets. • Improvement of facilities for river transport. c) Storm water and Drainage Master Plan CMMP 1995: The DPZ 03 covers entire

area of Drainage Area No. 1, Drainage Area No.2, Drainage Area No. 3 and part of Drainage Area No. 5a of the Drainage Master Plan. Major proposals for the area are khal rehabilitation, new secondary khal, flood storage pond, regulator and navigation gate. d) Long Term Traffic and Transportation Master Plan CMMP 1995: Major long

term and immediate proposals are to build embankment along the Karnaphuli River. This Master plan recommends road cum embankment from Chaktai area to Strand Road. 4.3.5 DETAILED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

Major recommendations consist of area renewal, upgrading, and enhancement, by encouraging provision of community and urban amenity spaces such as open spaces, play grounds, schools, kitchen markets, in the residential and mixed use areas. The aim would also be to develop underused and poorly developed urban land. In all cases however, the policy will be to protect the interests of the existing landowners, and protecting and enhancing the urban environment while advancing the economic base of the city. Thus instead of undertaking projects through acquisition powers of the government, the approach will be to develop through government and private sector participation with representation by the landowners. a) Residential (Housing): The Authority shall prepare a phased programme for improvement and enhancement of sub areas, by declaring Neighborhood Renewal and Improvement areas. Land Management techniques will be applied as relevant. Recommendations are: RI-03-01/ RI-03-02 / RI-03-03/ RI-03-04: Low density High Income housing may be

permitted in the three hills of Sarson road, Chatteswari road, S.S. Khaled Road and ICI Hill. In this Strategic Open Space, Max plot coverage of 10% of land area will be permitted and maximum 3 storied may be permitted. Jogging tracks and pedestrian paths (3'-4') traversing the undulating edges along the main roads may be constructed. This would ensure safe pedestrian movement. Implementing Agency: CDA/Private land and housing developers / land owners

For development in the hills of the Strategic Open Spaces, a NOC from the proposed, 'Nagar Unnayan Committee Chittagong' has to be obtained.

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RI-03-05/ RI-03-06/ RI-03-07/ RI-03-08: The Authority will guide the redevelopment of

the planned residential area at Amirabagh, Hill View, Panchlaish, and Katalganj, R/A and its immediate adjoining areas. Major aim is to increase open space and green zones. NH grocery and provision stores, tailors, hairdressers, may be permitted at designated locations. Policies: H1, H1.1, H1.2, H1.3, H1.4, RO 3.1, RO 3.5, RO 3.8, CH 2.3 and Guidance Notes : sections of 05 and 06 as relevant.

Implementing Agency: CDA/ PWD / Private land and housing developers / land owners

For revitalizing of the Government Staff Quarters the following policies will apply as relevant: all sections of H 04. RI-03-09: The railway Polo ground site consisting of flats and playground shall be

improved and its visual quality enhanced by tree planting and landscaping. Buildings may be upgraded in phases. RI-03-10: Upgrading and revitalizing government quarters at Badsha Mia Road. RI-03-11: Sweepers colonies at Madarbari, and Bandel Road

Implementing Agency: CDA/Relevant Department / with or without the private sector

For Improving the existing Spontaneous Settlements and renewal of areas the following policies will apply: all sections of H1 and H3, RO 3, RO 3, RO 3.8, and Guidance Notes: all sections of 02, 05 and 06. Religious, education and heritage sites within or adjacent to these sites will be protected and sufficient buffer areas for aesthetic and visual appeal and ease of access to these sites. RI-03-12: Through guided land development techniques the areas in and around Deb

Pahar, will be upgraded and the environmental condition improved. The hill topography will be protected and enhanced. Building heights will be limited to walk up apartments. Maximum allowable site coverage will be 50%. RI-03-13: For the Joy Nagar area same conditions as above will apply except plot

coverage may be increased to 60%. RI-03-14 to RI-03-19: A number of areas at such as, Mehedibagh, Kazir Dewry,

Enayetbazaar, Jamal Khan, and Anderkilla are densely built with houses very closely packed. Many are poorly constructed. Efforts will have to be made to identify buildings in distress, with close participation of the landowners a phased programme of identifying buildings and sites for upgrading and enhancing of the environment may be initiated. Provision of green spaces and other urban amenities should be a collective responsibility. Efforts will also be made to provide a road network through these sites. For example some existing lanes from Mehedibagh road may be linked to the CDA Avenue or the MM Ali road. Even pedestrian connection will enable residents of the area to use mass public transport on the CDA Avenue and reach their destinations through the pedestrian paths. This will reduce congestion of the main Mehedibagh road. Similar networks are recommended in other areas. RI-03-20: As part of the phased programme of upgrading slums an area north of Strand road may be undertaken through land sharing techniques

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b) Industrial: No Industrial development is recommended in this zone. Small scale

processing is designated under commercial use. c) Commercial: As per the Structure Plan the whole of Sadarghat / Chaktai Special Commercial Area (SCA) and part of the Agrabad SCA falls within this zone. For the development of these H3, H3.2, H4A and H4B, H5, H6a, all sections of ECN 9, 11 and 12 and 13, all policies of CH will apply. Guidance Notes: 03, 04, 05, 10 and 11 will apply. Selected open spaces play grounds, and water bodies are earmarked for conservation and development. Others will be created during the planning and implementation process. Commercial development along specific roads will only be permitted subject to making allowance for road widening as mentioned. Subject to the level of development, wide paved areas (Guidance Note 11, Annex 2) must be reserved for pedestrian movement along the roads, which will be open for public access at all times. Adequate Dropping and parking for all types of vehicles will be ensured at the ground level at convenient locations. In principal high-rise buildings will be permitted in all commercial areas subject to traffic generation and movement study, waste generation and disposal, and environmental considerations. A maximum of 50% will be permitted at ground level. A high level of architectural design will be accepted in all buildings along all major roads in this Zone. The Authority shall prepare a phased programme for improvement and enhancement of sub areas, by declaring Neighborhood Renewal and Improvement areas. Land Management techniques will be applied as relevant. CDA, CCC and other organizations will be incorporated in the effort (refer Chapter 5). Recommendations for sub areas are: Com-03-01: Sadarghat is the principal river port. Along with the Chaktai area this has

been identified in the CMMP as a, 'Special Commercial Area' (SCA). No development should be permitted without preparation of the redevelopment plan of the Sadarghat Special Commercial Area. This includes CPA land as well as private land particularly those in the influence of the proposed New road. The procedures are noted in DP - 02 of the Outline Urban Development Plan of CMMP. The physical survey of the area has been completed. Coordination between CDA, CPA and CCC is essential while undertaking a phased programme for revitalization the following considerations have to be made in respect to the river front: • Bank line fixation, embankment and a new road considered as the outer ring road. It is understood that CPA is considering proposals. • There should be two distinct road functions. That of through traffic bypassing the city. The other will be for local traffic and will cater for bus service, private vehicles and pedestrian. • As per the environmental guideline the riverside protection should follow spring tide between port jetty one and the Kalurghat Bridge. Final alignment will be through technical study to retain the navigational channel. • The berthing facilities currently isolated and used for different purposes should be grouped together and connected to landing and loading platforms. These platforms will have adequate parking and loading unloading i.e., freight handling areas. The haphazardly located warehouses have to be removed and re-arranged in a planned manner with adequate access and pedestrian and vehicle movement areas 4-39

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Figure 4.6: Proposed Land use Plan of DPZ 03

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Other considerations for the area are: • Protecting buildings and sites of architectural, historical and cultural interests. Protecting existing open spaces, play grounds and educational institutions and reserving additional spaces for such uses. A riverside park may be reconsidered (RO-03-01). • Mixed use will be permitted. • Wide public plazas with commercial and public buildings of national significance. • To ease traffic movement, three semicircular roads are recommended. (see transportation). These should have wide footpaths (minimum 10'). The semicircular roads should be linked to each other through radiating roads. Implementing Agency: CDA/ CPA / CCC/ PWD / BIWTA /BWDB / Other government agencies / Private Developer companies/ landowners Com-03-02: The part of the Agrabad SCA west of Sk. Mujib Road is presented in Zone

2. The part in this Zone consists of the area bounded by the Sk. Mujib road to the west, the DT road on the north and west and the Sadarghat road on the south. Some recommendations are as follows: a) 'Deba Taranga' - Development of the Agrabad Deba: About 14 acres water body and surroundings should be developed into a high class commercial cum leisure and recreational centre by making the water body visible to the city dwellers, relocating the squatters, building commercial buildings and landscaping the area for promoting tourism and revitalizing the area in general. Further details in Chapter-6 (Special Project Plan) b) High Rise Apartments: A certain portion of land on south of the Agrabad Deba may be redeveloped into a high class high rise residential development Policies H 6b H3.1, H3.2, H4.4 (Chapter-2), GN 05 and 06 (Annex-2) will apply.

Implementing Agency: CDA/Private land and housing developers / land owners c) New Commercial Development: High-rise commercial office building shall be

developed in the triangular area adjoining Barik building. Sustainable building practices will be encouraged. d) Improvement to Planned C/A: The existing Agrabad C/A is ripe for transformation into high-rise development. The Authority should liaison with the PWD for preparing a redevelopment plan. Considerations may be made to consolidate 2 to 4 or more plots to obtain a larger plot for high-rise development. Unlimited FAR, with 40% plot coverage of the ground and first floor and 65% coverage in other floors may be permitted. Sustainable building practice will be encouraged. e) Mixed Use Development: Improvement and guided redevelopment of the sporadic growing areas need to be addressed by the Authority immediately. These will include residential, shops, offices, civic buildings, specialized markets, religious facilities, parking towers and off street parking sites. Residential accommodation may be in designated places and in the upper floors. Residential facilities will be for all income groups. Creation of public plazas will be encouraged. Plot coverage will be restricted to 60%. High rise buildings will be encouraged subject to creation of open spaces, road network, pedestrian and cycle paths and comprehensive development of the area. f) Parking towers: To cater the paring needs of private vehicles two plots are recommended. As incentive the plot owners will get additional benefit regarding allowable development rights to be decided by the Authority.

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college grounds and residential facilities need enhancement. Further development will be permitted. h) Museum: The Ethnological Museum with its open space should be revitalized. The open space should be protected from any non-conformity development and should be made into a tree filled landscaped public plaza to be used as outdoor exhibitions, and sit-outs. Mobile vans may be permitted to deliver snacks for public in outdoor areas. i) Green spaces/ playgrounds will be reserved. Three areas may be reserved for green and open space. This will be in addition to those created in the overall area redevelopment scheme created through land readjustment. j) Access and Road: The area may be opened up by a gridiron pattern of roads and lanes. A possible network is shown in the Figure 4.6. Efforts will also be made to incorporate a 10'-12' pathway for cycles and NMT vehicles some 100' - 200' east for the Sk. Mujib road. Reservation must be made to make 3 to 4 connections from this NM lane to the Sk. Mujib road. Com-03-03 / Com-03-04: Two sites east of the Dewanhat Bridge may be developed as a mixed commercial area. There must be a minimum offset of some 100' from the edge of the bridge. Open spaces between buildings have to be tree lined. All vacant portions should be protected from development and kept green. Com-03-05: The strip of land east of the DT road in Pathantooli may be reserved as a hawkers Market. Com-03-06: An urban renewal programme has to be initiated for the Reazuddin Market area. In phases some buildings have to be replaced while others are retained to create more openness with public plazas and adequate movement and parking system. Adequate arrangements have to be provided for service requirements such as garbage collection and disposal. Reservations have to be made for hawkers by widening walkways and providing open courts. High-rise building will be permitted. Com-03-07/Com-03-08: The Chawkbazaar and Anderkilla area should be retained as traditional commercial area. The Authority may enhance the urban setting to include traditional structure. Com-03-09: The filling stations at Jamal Khan junction and goods hill foothill should be retained and the environmental quality enhanced, these may be considered as conservation sites. Com-03-10/Com-03-11: Urban renewal programme has to be undertaken to reorganize the area such that warehousing and wholesale trade will continue in a planned manner. Access has to be improved and networked. Parking, waiting, for freight vehicles has to be reserved and loading unloading facilities incorporated. A 5% green area has to be reserved in renewal programme. g) Commerce

College: The

d) Mixed Use: Mixed use development along roads will only be permitted subject to

making allowance for road widening as mentioned and providing wide paved areas (Guidance Note 11) for pedestrian movement along the roads, which will be open for public access at all times. Adequate dropping and parking for all types of vehicles will be ensured at the ground level at convenient locations. In principal high-rise buildings will be permitted subject to traffic generation and movement study, waste generation and disposal, and environmental considerations. A maximum of 50% will be permitted at ground level for commercial buildings and 60% for residential buildings. . 4-42

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MU-03-01: Mixed uses may be permitted in all areas marked as MU-03-1. Special

attention however has to be made by the Authority to reserve the residential character in the inner areas. High-rise transformation may be permitted when reserves for play grounds, open spaces and urban amenities are provided as collective effort of the community and the city authority and the Planning Authority. Conservation and enhancement of cultural and historic sites should get special attention. Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / private sector/ private landowners MU-03-02: The area between Sirajuddowla road and the Chaktai will have mixed use

character. Water bodies and open spaces and pedestrian, cycle routes will be created. Small markets should be created as places on interest. The Chaktai should be considered as the frontline instead of the rear of developments. Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / private sector/ private landowners d) Drainage: Following Drainage Master Plan 1995, it is evident that Detailed

Planning Zone -3 (DPZ-03) covers Drainage Area No. 1 Firingee Bazaar, Drainage Area No. 2 Sadarghat and Drainage Area No. 3 Agrabad C/A. Part of Drainage Area No. 4a, Drainage Area No. 5a and Drainage Area No. 5b also fall within DPZ -03. Whole area of DPZ 03 is covered by Drainage Master Plan Proposals. DAP study has also identified some additional drainage works to be done for DPZ 3. Drainage Master Plan Proposals for the area include: 1. Rehabilitation of Sadarghat khal, Jamal khan khal, Chatteswari khal, Hizra khal, Nasir khal, Namuna Bazaar khal and Chaktai khal. 2. Two secondary new khals near Commerce College in Agrabad. 3. 7 silt traps in appropriate locations along different khals. 4. 9 regulators and 1 navigation gate on khals flowing into the Karnaphuli River. 5. 1 flood storage pond near Sadarghat khal. 6. Flood defense is proposed on the right bank of the River Karnaphuli. All the above proposals are identified in the DPZ – 03, land use plan. DAP proposals: 1. Rehabilitation of 4 small khals in Patharghata and Firingee bazaar areas with a total length of about 3 km. 2. Retaining and preservation of 18 ponds of 0.5 acres and above as well as 3 big dighis namely Deba Dighi, Ashker Dighi and Lal Dighi. The accumulated size of these existing ponds and dighis proposed to be preserved equal to approximately 39 acres. 3. Instead of regulator proposed in the Drainage Master Plan, a navigation gate is proposed on Rajakhali khal flowing into the Karnaphuli River. 4. Following drainage-guiding principles/guidelines C at page from 3-3 to 3-4 remaining drainage networks is proposed and identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.6. 5. Where not shown specifically in the land use map, Drainage Guiding Principles/Guidelines will apply.

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e) Transportation 1.0 Embankment-cum-Road along Karnaphuli River: In order to provide protection to

the riverbank and to enhance traffic circulation in the southern part of this zone, a 200 ft wide embankment (of which 120ft would be a road) is proposed between Strand Road and intersection of the Karnaphuli Approach Road at Shah Amanat Bridge. 2.0 Major Road Widening Proposals: To improve traffic circulation and to allow

faster/smooth movement along the major network both in east-west and north-south directions, many of the roads in this zone would need widening to 60 ft and 40 ft ROW. Taking into account the existing development type, high-rise building as well as some religious establishments located along the roadsides, K.B. Abdur Sattar Road needs to be widened minimum 40 ft. from near to Anderkilla Junction to Goni Bakery Moore and also Mehedibagh Moore as well 40 ft. For details of the various roads, please see Figure 4.6 3.0 Construction of a fly-over covering both GEC Moore and Gate No.2: Based on a

traffic congestion case study, it was recommended that CDA could consider building a fly-over across GEC Moore and gate No. 2, to facilitate smooth movement. To this end, it is necessary to undertake a detailed feasibility study, before final decision is taken. CDA should take necessary steps in this regard. 4.0 Improvement of Road Intersection: In this zone, there are number of road intersections, where traffic congestion has become a regular feature. These intersections are GEC Moore, Gate No.2, and Dewanhat. Although building a fly-over is proposed, to cover the first two intersections, but the flyover will take quite sometime to be actually built. Meanwhile it is proposed that all these abovementioned intersections be properly designed to improve traffic flow across these points. 5.0 Traffic Management and Enforcement: In the absence of effective traffic management in this zone, which is the core area of Chittagong City, the limited road spaces available are being misused. Effective traffic management could maximize the use of existing road spaces, through strict enforcement of traffic operations. This could result in smooth and efficient movement of traffic. It is, therefore, proposed that traffic management in the city be strengthened, for which priority consideration could be given to revive the ‘Traffic Control Committee” which was established in August 2004, to address traffic congestion in the city. 6.0 Improvement of River Ghats and IWT Container Terminal: Considering that inland

water transport along Karnaphuli River will continue to play an important role in the future, it is proposed that all the river ghats and areas surrounding these should be improved and modernized to better serve the traffic which use them. In addition, there is a need to develop IWT container terminal in the port area to facilitate container movement between Chittagong and Dhaka where an IWT container terminal is being built. 7.0 City Bus Terminal: A city bus terminal could be developed in the southern portion

of Chittagong Railway Station. It will contain facilities for taxi services and other modes of transport, shops, restaurants, toilets, and offices of car rentals, tourist companies and other facilities

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f) Community Facilities: Adequate facilities will be provided with the SCA

development and the redevelopment and renewal of areas. Some required actions are: Comm-03-01: The Collegiate school main building and the water body will be

conserved. The school grounds will be covered with tree plantation. Measures will be taken to designate dropping area for vehicles and wide footpaths for at least 10' on both sides of the entry gate up o 150 ' Footpaths will be provided on all roads. The gate entrance will be indented for student safety and convenience. These measures will also be taken in respect to the Municipal Model School, Muslim Model School. St. Placid's School, St. Scholistica, Kazem Ali School, Chittagong College, Government Arts College. Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC Comm-03-02: The environmental and visual aspect of the graveyard (Baish Mohallah) needs to be improved. A tree plantation programme should be initiated. The structures must conform to high aesthetic quality. Comm-03-03: Two major health facilities are the Chittagong Medical College Hospital

(CMCH) and General Hospital at Anderkilla. The CMCH has ample opportunities to expand and enhance its environment. Formal play grounds and other public amenities may be incorporated. Making a connection for the KB Fazlul Quader Road to Chatteswari particularly for NMY and small vehicles will greatly reduce traffic congestion at the Chawkbazaar junction. g) Leisure, Recreation, Parks and Open Spaces

All sections of Policy RO and CH will apply. All existing parks and open spaces will be retained. RO-03-01: Station Square - The wooded site on the east of the Railway terminal

building may be turned into a public square. A single tall commercial cum hotel building covering a maximum of 10% of the site may be permitted as a City Landmark. The square will be landscaped with hard and soft surfaces and water elements. There will be provision for public toilets in appropriate locations within the building. Implementing Agency: CDA/Railway/ with or without the private sector. RO-03-02 / RO-03-03/ RO-03-04 / RO-03-05 / RO-03-06: Other parks / Open spaces are

recommended at the hilly sites at Hill View R/A, south of railway track east of Dewanhat Bridge, Riverside Park at Sadarghat, and Riverside Park at Boxirhat at the mouth of the Chaktai khal, and both sides of Chaittanaya goli, next of Chaktai khal at Bou bazaar. Implementing Agency: CCC / CDA / BR / with or without the private sector. RO-03-07: The polo ground should be conserved as an open space and playground.

Visual connection of the ground from surrounding roads should be established. Portions of the school building boundary walls may be made porous for visual connectivity. No commercial or shopping development should be permitted. Implementing Agency: BR RO-03-8: An area north of the SS Khaled road may be turned into a playground. This

area on the foothill of Sarson road on the south had a large pond that has been filled. For environmental protection the area needs to be retained as open area. The Authority will liaison with the CCC for making such provision. Implementing Agency: CCC/CDA

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RO-03-09: An area west of the Sirajuddowla road should be reserved as a park and

aqua culture centre. It may be operated on a commercial venture also a place for leisure and tourism. Implementing Agency: CCC/ CDA/with private landowners. RO-03-10: The Almas Cinema hall has to be retained and upgraded. The surrounding

housing site may be used for this category of facility with limited residential apartments in 25% space. h) Utility Services Ut-03-01: The present DAP study recommends that the responsible agencies for the

provision of utility services, will prepare their own detailed plan in respective fields. i) Culture and Heritage: Policies CH 01,CH 1.3, CH 2.1, CH 2.3 and CH 2.4, RO 1, RO3.1, RO 3.2, ECN 9.3, ECN 13 (Chapter 2) and guidance note 6a, 6b and 11 (Annex-2) will apply.

All the hills within the city will fall under a Special Control Zone and will remain as Strategic Open Space ' and will be subject to control of the Structure and Urban Development Plan 1995. This will be cultural and environmental conservation area. Any land lease / land use / should be subject to special NOC from a proposed 'Nagorik Committee". CH-03-01: Chittagong Civic Square: The area bounded by the CDA avenue and the

CRB road on the west, the Bagmonirum road on the north, the Nur Ahmed road on the east and the naval avenue and CRB on the south is a unique urban area of the city. This consists of the historic and the new circuit house, the MA Aziz Stadium, Gymnasium and outer stadium, the Zamatul Falah Mosque etc. The following recommendations are made to develop this as a prestige civic area of the city: a) Locating the 'Nagar Bhaban', of Chittagong in the northeast. A tall building marking the skyline would be appropriate. It would house public and local government functions. The design of building and site would be of high aesthetic standards with a parking tower (which should also serve the needs of the stadium), open courts, plazas and landscaped areas. Present functions have to be relocated to other restricted areas. b) The Chittagong Shishu Park should be relocated and the grounds turned into a public plaza for state functions, fairs, and leisure. c) The edges of the outer stadium should be lined with seats, tress, and lights. d) The platform may be used as a base for open snack stalls. No permanent structure will be permitted. e) No further horizontal extension of the Jamat ul Falah mosque complex should be permitted and no residential facilities should be permitted. Vertical extension of the existing structure only may be permitted. f) The open grounds on the east, south and north of the mosque should be developed as a formal (Mughal style) landscaped garden, which would cater to the garden being used for Eid congregations twice a year. No commercial or residential use or development shall be permitted.

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g) The historic circuit house (Zia Museum) is listed for conservation. The landscape features should be enhanced. h) The university above the CNG station is an incompatible Land use. Either one of the two use has to be discontinued. Implementing Agency: CCC/ CDA /other relevant organizations CH-03-02: The old terminal building of the Chittagong Railway Station has been

renovated. The following further actions may be taken. • Making some provision in the building for tourist / visitor interest (such as display/sales/visual presentations of photographs, publications, souvenirs of the Assam Bengal Railway, and small snack shop/book store. • Designated bus parking lots for tour operators. • Plantation of tress and plants in the barren plaza. • Open space / hotel / planned warehousing north west of station building. Implementing Agency: BR / CDA/CCC/ /with or without the private sector CH-03-03: The Shaheed Minar, the theatre institute and the triangular area consisting

of the Society of Arts and Literature (SAL), the Bose Brothers, the vacant space with the octagonal gazebo (built to commemorate the police officer during the trial of Surja Sen), the Muslim hall and the public library should be conserved as a cultural precinct of the traditional city. The triangular area was formerly a park known as the Hands Park. No commercial development should be permitted. The existing theatre and library facilities may be upgraded. The domed structure of the SAL, the Bose Brothers should be listed for conservation and the whole site should be appropriately landscaped and wide footpaths and pedestrian comfort ensured. . Implementing Agency: CCC / CDA /with relevant Authority CH-03-04: The site has a number of mosques, mazars, mandirs, churches, garudas,

(Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Christian, Sikh, other). These should be considered as conservation sites. The Authority should liaison with the CCC to assist in providing guidance and protection to retain them as quality urban spaces. Burning should be stopped at Gol Pahar Mandir. Implementing Agency: CCC /CDA/with relevant Authority CH-03-05: Parir Pahar Conservation and Enhancement: The Parir Pahar is identified as one of the group of three hillocks in the traditional city centre. The Court Building is perched on the highest peak on the south. Further northeast is the hillock, which has the civil surgeon’s residence (now in ruins). The third has a water tank operated by WASA but in a state of dereliction. The area comprising of the three hillocks and its surroundings should be given heritage status and considered as a cultural precinct and developed with tourist interest. The forecourts and public plazas and gardens should be landscaped to a high standard of design. • A cycle and pedestrian route may be incorporated. • All informal restaurants, typing and printing services shall be removed from its present haphazard locations and these facilities provided within the planned formal buildings. No such informal activities should be permitted. • The hawkers market will be reorganized and redeveloped to a high standard of design incorporating public plazas, public toilet and parking facilities. • A viewing tower should be built in the WASA hillock. • All the three hillocks should be interconnected by means of pedestrian walkways/ bridge-ways from existing building such as the New Market etc.

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CH-03-06: Conservation and Enhancement of the DC Hill / Forest Hill / T& T: The public

plaza will be retained and enhanced with appropriate planting, landscaped features and other public facilities such as public toilets in appropriate locations. • A walkway, trees, fencing and streetlights will define the eastern limit. • a) The vacant foothill of DC Park may be reserved for a primary and preschool / day care for local school district. No vehicular traffic will be permitted. There will be indoor swimming and sports facilities for girls. • Low-density low-rise forest accommodation will be retained. • Surroundings of CDA, other government buildings, and new market will be enhanced and integrated with the overall scheme. Implementing Agency: PWD / CCC /CDA / Other Government agencies. CH-03-07: Conservation and Enhancement of General Hospital site as Anderkilla

• • • • • •

The building in the front should be listed for conservation. The outer limit of the hill has to be defined with trees and walkway/ lighting The haphazard hill top structures should be removed. The main building renovated/replaced. Limited low-rise residential facilities may be added for hospital use. A parking site needs to be provided. The roof of the Jame Mashjid shopping arcade (across the road) may be greened with adequate measures for planting.

Implementing Agency: CCC /CDA/ Relevant Government agencies CH-03- 08: Conservation and Enhancement of Batali – CRB: The CRB building and

surrounding site should be listed for conservation. • The building and site should cater to tourism and some sections of the building should open to public with the imposition of an entry fee. • The site may be developed with trails and walkways for tourism. • All assorted structures on the outer boundary, which destroys the settings of the building creating visual obstruction from the road, should be removed. • All surrounding open spaces should be protected and conserved and at places landscaped. • The hospital area may be developed with sensitivity to replace existing dilapidated houses with more intensive development. • No commercial use or apartment building should be permitted. • All slums and squatters within its area should be removed. They may be relocated in two designated sites in a planned manner. • Civic building/institute/tourism related building might be permitted. Some bungalows / grounds may be made open for public recreational use promoting tourism. Implementing Agency: BR/CDA / Other Relevant Government Agencies CH-03-09: The open space with water body and low structure (Pashu Shala) will be

listed as a conservation site. Innovative ways for generating income will be devised and tourism potential explored. No high-rise commercial, residential or health facility building will be permitted. Implementing Agency: CDA/Landowner / with assistance from Government Agencies

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CH-03-10: The Barik Buildings (two buildings) with particular emphasis to the

architectural details of the balconies should be conserved. The single storied building of the Padma Oil company site with its water body should be conserved. The mazar, mosque and pond at Pathantooli need conservation. Implementing Agency: Private landowner / with assistance from Government Agencies. 4.3.6

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT

Massive water logging, industrial pollution (water), lack of green belt, loss of water bodies, and open spaces are the major considerations in redevelopment of this Zone. It is necessary to redevelop the area with greater consideration and sensitivity to environmental concerns. Some guiding principles are as follows: En-03-01: The Special hill landscape should be preserved as per the guideline of Structure Plan. No hill cutting or tree removing should be allowed. Part of the CRB forest area can be declared as controlled park for public uses. En-03-02/En-03-03: The Rani Dighi and Ashker Dighi are historic pond. This should be developed into a leisure centre. An appropriate access to the Ranir Dighi of at least 20' from the Enayet bazaar road should be provided. The Authority will take required action in this regard. The Ashker Dighi should be turned as a place for leisure. A swimming training school for students of both sexes may be operated in the Ashker Dighi. In a city of about 3.5 million, there is no such training facility of this lifesaving skill. En-03-04: All major khal should be rehabilitated, and bank lines marked and fixed. Along the bank line there should be a buffer zone of green belt as per Guidance Note 12 in Annex 2. However, for Chaktai khal the bank lines for entire course should be fixed, but the green belt can be limited to the length from Chaktai mouth up to the confluence with Jamal khan khal. En-03-05: To enhance the environment and make it livable, it is necessary to build some new Urban Green Areas in this Zone. Some recommendations are: a) area around the Ranir Dighi, b) central railway station area. It is recommended to relocate the Shishu Park from its present position and turn this area into green belt with public plaza, keeping it in harmony with the Circuit house as a backdrop. This green park cum plaza should be kept open for public visit and leisure. En-03-06: It is the prime needs to protect the riverbank line from port Jetty No-1 to

Shah Amanat Bridge. However, the area between the protected bank line and proposed access road has to be developed in an environment friendly way, with some area reserved as Green Park with public access. Some small patches of mangrove belt can be generated along the riverfront – up to the bank protection line and also at the mouth of the creeks, and khals. It will provide a green welcome to the city. En-03-07: In CRB areas slums are located in the valleys and adjacent to many of the

staff quarters, either planned or unplanned. These slums are not in harmony with the beauty of the landscape at CRB area. It is recommended to remove slums from the Tiger Pass area. In other areas these have to be removed and some may be relocated and upgraded in a planned way. En-03-08: To ensure discipline and systematic anchoring of country boats in the

Karnaphuli rive, it is recommended to build an anchoring ground, preferably on the left bank of the river, opposite of Sadarghat area. To ensure ease river flow and avoid collision between boats, no boats should be allowed to anchor on the river area.

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4.4 DPZ 04: BAKALIA-CHANDGAON 4.4.1

EXISTING SITUATION

a) Location and Administrative Boundary: The Zone is situated to the east of the

city. It is bound by the Karnaphuli River on the east and south, the Halda River on the upper eastern portion, and the Nawab Sirajuddowla road, Kapashgola Road, Kothiber Hat and Chan Mia road in the west. The Patharghata and Boxirhat wards are in the west. The area covered by zone consists of Chandgaon and Bakalia Thana and seven wards which are 4, 5, 6 17, 18, 19 and 35. b) Population: In accordance with the Population Census, the population has

increased from 238,524 in 1991 to 382,248 in 2001 and is projected to be 702,650 in 2015. The highest population density is in South Bakalia. c) Land Ownership: Most of the land within the area is under private ownership. A

significant size of land is under public control as for examples educational institutions and land of the Port Authority such as at Nazir Char. The port controls the riverside lands. d) Socio Economic Condition: According to the socio economic survey it is

observed that the HH size ranges from 1 to 12 members. Most of the families consist of 4-6 members in DPZ 04. 51.50% of the total population is male and 48.50% is female. Approximately 23.18%, 21.71%, 20.21%, 12.50%, 17.28%, 13.36 and 16.17% have completed secondary education in Ward 04, Ward 05, Ward 06, Ward 17, Ward 18, ward 19 and Ward 35 respectively. Most people are engaged in small and middle scale business. Livelihood on furniture industry and agriculture such as fish cultivation, livestock and poultry is high. 4.4.2

EXISTING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS

a) Residential: There are 43,086 structures in this area of which 30% pucca, 37%

semi pucca, 24% tin sheds and 9% katcha. Of the total structures some 35,509 are used for residential purpose. Residential growth has largely taken place at Baubazaar, Chawkbazaar and Bahadderhat, in an unplanned manner along narrow roads and lanes. High-density residential development is also present along both sides of Mia Khan road, K.B. Aman Ali Road, Khawja Road, Balir Hat and Kalurghat/Kaptai road. It also extends in a scattered manner in different parts of the area. The planned Chandgaon R/A has been developed by CDA. Phase 1 of Kalpalok housing has recently been handed over. The Nur Nagar housing has been developed by the private sector with approval from CDA. A number of ponds have been filled to create residential sites. Due to rapid urbanization, the remaining vacant lands are being put to urban use through individual scattered efforts without proper access, drainage provision and urban amenities.

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Table-4.4: Existing Land Use Features of DPZ-04 Sl. No. 1

Land Use Category Agriculture

Area (in acre) 925

Percentage 11.45%

2

Commercial

282

3.49%

3

Education & Research

46

0.57%

4 5

Manufacturing & Processing Mixed Use

540 676

6.69% 8.37%

6

Office Use

44

0.54%

7

Open/Community Space

149

1.84%

8

Residential

1015

12.56%

9

Service Facilities

29

0.36%

10

Transportation

479

5.93%

11

Vacant Land

1982

23.53%

12

Water Body

1628

20.15%

13

Miscellaneous

399

4.93%

8092

100%

Total

Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007 & BBS population census-2001

b) Industrial: There are around 306 manufacturing and processing industries in this

zone. The Chaktai Area in Bakalia is a leading industrial and commercial activity centre. A large number of industries depend on water (river and canal) transportation. Industries consist of, rice, flour and oil and saw mills, ice and soap manufacturing, boat building and repair docks. A few soap industries are seen along the Mia Kha road. The Balir Hat has a concentration of furniture making and display shops. Furniture produced in this area serve the city. There are planned industrial estates at Mohra and Kalurghat, developed by CDA. However, many plots remain underused and vacant. Large industries exist in different parts of Bakalia and Chandgaon area such as the Osmani Glass factory, private textile, and paper and garments industries. c) Commercial: Approximately 4,152 commercial structures have been recorded of

which most are small retail shops. Wholesale business in tin, steel, groceries, plastic goods, fishing, clothes, bamboo is common. Economic activities of this area are of regional interest. A large number of bank branches operate to facilitate business. Kalurghat growth centre mentioned in the Structure Plan 1995, is situated in the northeastern side and near to Kalurghat Bridge of the DPZ-04. d) Topography and Drainage: Topographically this zone is almost flat and gently

sloping towards the east. However, the vast plain area can be divided into at least three morphological units, which are alluvial plain, marshy land and mud flats. A wide part in the west and north is the alluvial plains, which is fringed by relatively low-lying marshy lands. The drainage condition of this marshy land is very poor. The area along the Karnaphuli course is the mud flat, which is criss-crossed by tidalcreeks. Some important khals passing through this area are Chaktai khal and Chaktai diversion khal, Rajakhali khal, Tulatuli khal, Dhomkhali khal, Noa khal and Krisnakhali khal. These khals are primarily tidal in nature and play a vital role in discharging storm water into the Karnaphuli. 4-51

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Figure 4.7: Existing Land use Map of DPZ-04

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e) Transport Road Network: This is a relatively less developed zone of Chittagong. Road network

in this area is in a poor state and does not follow any regular pattern. The Karnaphuli Bridge Approach Road is one of the most important primary roads in this area. This road can be part of a future primary network in the north-south direction. Another major road is Kaptai Road from Bahadderhat Moore to Kalurghat Bridge, which is an east-west connection. There are some minor roads in this area namely Mia Khan road, K.B. Aman Ali road and Khawja road but alignments and inter-connections of these roads are poor. Western part of the area has been developed in very tight form particularly at Baubazaar, Chawkbazaar, Dewanganj, Kurbaniganj, Bahadderhat and their adjoining areas. Access roads are very narrow and congested in East Sholashahar and West Bakalia. The link roads between the industrial and commercial areas at Chaktai and Karnaphuli Bridge Approach Road are narrow, congested and have poor surfacing. Water Transportation: Water transport along Chaktai Khal, Rajakhali Khal, Tulatuli khal and their branches within the study area are used as cheapest mean of transportation from and to Chittagong. Chaktai area situated on the bank of these khals at the southern end of the study area is an important commercial centre. f) Community Facilities i) Health Services: There is no large hospital. Approximately 25 small hospital, clinic

and diagnostic centres are situated at Bakalia and Chandgaon area. ii) Education: Around 276 educational institutes are present consisting of primary and secondary schools, college and training centres. g) Utility Services i) Water Supply: Water supply line exists along the roads of Bakalia from which

individual connections are provided to those who can afford it. Supply is irregular and has poor quality. Therefore, use of shallow tube wells is common. As the ground water table is going down, shallow tube wells are becoming inoperative. Deep tube wells are being sunk and are preferred as water supply from WASA is irregular. NGOs have assisted in providing deep tube wells to the urban poor. General residents of East Bakalia install deep tube well for drinking water supply use pond for other domestic purposes. ii) Gas and Electricity: Gas and electricity supplies are available in the built areas to those who can afford to pay for connections. Mud ovens are still used by the poor. iii) Drain and Sewerage: Roadside drains are of insufficient dimensions; vary in width and in poor conditions. Some dwellings have septic tank but in many cases sewage is discharged directly into khals or deposited in open latrines. With the help of NGOs some households have established sanitary ring latrines. iv) Solid waste: There is no proper solid waste management system in this area. People dump waste indiscriminately along the roadside, drain, pond and canal, polluting the surroundings. h) Leisure, Recreation, Parks and Open Spaces: The Biplop Uddayan (1.7 acres) is a small landscape park in Sholashahar Junction. There is no other defined park i) Culture and Heritage: Fishermen Village has been developed over the past years in the mid-eastern side of this zone along the Karnaphuli River. Their livelihood depends on Karnaphuli River and other water bodies by catching fish and sells it to the local market. There is also Borua Para (Buddhist Area) located in the east-south side of the Arakan Road in this DPZ. 4-53

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j) Agriculture: A large amount of land is used for agricultural purpose. Irrigation

water is used for cultivation. Approximately 300 poultry farms and a large number of fish farms contribute to the local economy of Bakalia. The generalized Land use pattern of this area is the unplanned commercial zone in the south, planned residential area at Chandgaon, sporadic unplanned housing in between Chaktai and Shah Amanat Bridge approach road, planned industrial zone in the north and huge vacant area along the river side. However, some environmental issues in this planning zone are: 4.4.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES i) Water logging: An environmental concern in this zone is severe water logging. The

worst affected are the lowlands of Bakalia and Chaktai. The main causes are siltation due to hill cutting and hill erosion in the uplands, encroachment of khal banks, depressed marshy lands in the south and east, and artificial obstacles across the drainage system. ii) Halda River front: Halda river is the only natural breeding ground of the local carps

(such as Ruhi, Katol, Mrigal and Kali Baous). The River offers a typical environment for such carps to breed during first onset of the monsoon. However, in recent times, due to alteration of the Halda bank-line geometry, particularly modification of shoreline bends, this natural unique ecosystem is under threat. iii) Halda River Ecology: Near Kalurghat, the Halda River meets with the Karnaphuli

as its tributary. Halda River is tidal in nature, but is very low in salinity. However, the extraction of surface water at Madunaghat site might increase the salinity limit of the river water. From the Kalurghat bridge point towards north, the Halda river reach is a special ecological zone. iv) Ponds and Water bodies: A large number of water bodies of different sizes are

present, mostly near human settlements. The entire communities use some large ponds. Such ponds play an important role in environmental enhancement. v) Industrial Pollution: Some industries in the Kalurghat I/A, and outside, produce

toxic wastes and effluents. Untreated effluents are discharged into the Karnaphuli River. The alarming pollution level is a threat to aquatic life. vi) Sand Mining from Karnaphuli: Karnaphuli riverbed is a source of sand quarrying. In

between the Kalurghat and Shah Amanat Bridge tons of sands are mined in a traditional and unscientific way. This might have effect of river morphology and hydro-dynamics. 4.4.4

HIGHER LEVEL PLANNING

a) Structure plan 1995: Structure plan has identified Bakalia as one of three

expansion areas of the city. Close proximity to the existing city areas and quick and easy connection, which will be achieved with the construction of the proposed road along the Karnaphuli, makes it a viable option as an immediate expansion area. b) Urban Development Plan 1995: The following issues, problems, opportunities

and required actions have been recognized in the Bakalia area in the Urban Development Plan. These are: 4-54

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Major issues and problems i) Susceptibility to limited impact from cyclonic surges ii) Susceptibility to seasonal flooding from the Karnaphuli: During monsoon and high

tides a significant portion of land in this area is inundated. Flood level of this area can be categorized into three sub zones such as: Sub Zone 1 North east of the Karnaphuli River Bridge Approach Road, is inundated to a depth of 5 feet. Water remains in this zone for a few weeks due to unplanned construction of roads without required provision of culverts for drainage. Sub Zone 2 The north of the junction of Chaktai and Rajakhali Khals. This zone is flooded in the monsoon to a depth of 4 to 5 '.Flood water remains for a few hours. Sub Zone 3 The area between Karnaphuli River and Rajakhali khal is inundated during the monsoon to a depth of 6 to 8 feet. This area is also affected by regular tidal flooding. iii) Haphazard development of urban fringe areas: Areas along the Chaktai khal have

developed in an unplanned way with narrow and irregular road network. Adequate space for road and drainage network is mentioned in the CMMP as a prerequisite for urban development. Forward planning practice must be established to change this situation. iv) Presence of slum and squatter areas: A large number of slums exist in the area. v) Lack of direct access into the city: The Karnaphuli Bridge Approach Road is the

only major north south access to the city. There is no major access in the east west direction. vi) Congested Chaktai Commercial Centre: Access to the Chaktai commercial area is

poor. Roads are narrow and congested due to loading and unloading of goods in the streets. There are only two bridges crossing the Chaktai Khal namely Chamrar Gudam Bridge (approx. 20 ' wide) and Khatunganj Bridge (approx. 10 '). This causes severe congestion. Opportunities i) Proximity to the existing urban area: The Bakalia area is within half to one kilometer of important commercial centres at Anderkilla and Chawkbazaar area and within 2 km of Kotwali junction. It has thus been identified as a peripheral expansion area. ii) Road leading to new crossing of the Karnaphuli River: Karnaphuli Bridge and

Karnaphuli Bridge Approach Road are important parts of the strategic road network of Chittagong. This Approach Road passes through the heart of Bakalia which has significantly improved accessibility into the area, thereby encouraging development. iii) Chaktai Commercial Area: Chaktai is an important commercial centre. Its renewal

can greatly increase business prospects. iv) Proposed east-west link road in the Structure Plan: In the Long Term Development

Strategy for Traffic and Transportation, a major east west link road is proposed between Strand Road and the junction of Karnaphuli Bridge Road and its Approach Road. To complete the City’s primary road network, this link is highly recommended in the Structure Plan. When this road is constructed it will provide a major access between Bakalia and the City centre. This opening will lead further development in Bakalia area. 4-55

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c) Storm water and Drainage Master Plan CMMP 1995: The DPZ 04 covers the entire

area of Drainage Area No. 5a, Drainage Area No.5b, Drainage Area No. 7 and Drainage Area No. 9 of the Storm water and Drainage Master Plan of the CMMP. The prime proposals given for the area are khal rehabilitation, new primary khal, new secondary khal, flood storage pond, regulator. d) Long Term Strategy for Traffic and Transportation Master Plan CMMP 1995: Major

long-term proposals are to construct road cum embankment along the Karnaphuli River. This Master plan proposes a number of east-west and north south connection roads. 4.4.5 DETAILED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

The following development proposals have been shown in Figure no 4.8. a) Residential (Housing) R-04-01/R-04-02: The Chandgaon R/A and the Kalpalok R/A have been developed by

CDA. Standards for provision of urban facilities and urban amenities have not been determined and needs to be ascertained. To ensure sustainability of planned areas CDA has to ensure adherence to building setback, provision of footpaths, mandatory open spaces at individual and collective levels and provision of adequate urban facilities to support the residential population. Ancillary uses such as small private offices employing less then 10 persons, hairdressers, tailors, retail shops etc. serving the community may be permitted at designated location as per an approved design agreed by the community. Occupation of the new residential site has to be hastened. R-04-03: The new residential areas may be extended to accommodate all income

groups (HI/MI/LI) in proportions stated in the guidance notes (Annex-2). Small-scale urban facilities (ancillary use) to support the local communities have to be incorporated. Employment opportunities of LI communities have to be considered and designed. The areas somewhat in the centre (both sides of K.B. Aman Ali Road and Khawja road) of the zone may be developed for all income groups (HI/MI/LI). Comprehensive development can only be achieved with large-scale development by a single authority through land readjustment techniques where it is required (Plan Implementation, Chapter-5). A major hospital and other urban facilities (ancillary use) and amenities will be incorporated. Guidelines and standards are provided in guidance notes (Annex-2). R-04-04: To the north of the rail track is a spontaneously growing semi urban area.

The Authority may guide the planned growth of the area into a MI and LI residential community through land management techniques. Opportunities for small commerce and urban facilities have to be incorporated. R-04-05: Borua Para located on the south of Arakan Road is a Buddhist predominant area. This study recommends to upgrade this area by providing required neighborhood services and facilities in consultation and co-operation with the local people. In this case, land readjustment technique may be introduced here. R-04-06: The DAP study proposes the area on the east of Kalurghat Industrial Area as

predominant residential use. Industrial workers will get highest priority to live in this place but middle-income group may also have access to this area. Besides, a certain portion may be used for other purpose through proper consideration of the concerned authority.

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R-04-07: This area covers existing unplanned residential areas, industrial areas and

commercial areas. These areas can be redeveloped with different planning techniques like Land Readjustment, and Site and Services Scheme. The commercial area near to Laldighi may be redeveloped by these techniques. Similarly other residential areas can be redeveloped in future for healthy neighborhood environment (Is not shown in the Figure 4.8). R-04-08: There are few slums developed scattered way into different parts of the DPZ

04. These slum areas can be upgraded in the existing places or relocated as low income housing (High Density) into the suitable locations. In this case, existing landowners will be compensated and provided required aid within the development process (Is not shown in the Figure 4.8). Implementing Agencies: CDA/NHA/CCC/Land owners/ Private land and housing Developers Policies: Relevant policies for residential (housing), Chapter-2 and Guidance Notes: Relevant Sections and Sub-sections for residential (housing), Annex-2. b) Industrial In-04-01: The Kalurghat Planned Industrial area is grossly underused. The Authority

must liaison with the relevant Authority to ensure full utilization. The environmental conditions of these estates must be significantly improved. No further land should be designated for industries unless these serviced plots are fully utilized under a legal mechanism. A tentative buffer zone must remains with plantation and green surrounding the industrial areas that may vary from 50ft to 150ft on the basis of prevailing physical situation of particular places. The industrial estates will be responsible to provide the required land for this buffer zone. In-04-02: The Bakalia area is prominent for furniture making. An area located Bolirhat

and its environs, near to Karnaphuli River bank, may be further developed in a planned manner for expanding this activity and other small-scale industries. Facilities may be incorporated to facilitate tourism visitor facilities. Reserves may be made for large formal display and exhibition areas, warehousing and parking areas. In most cases, furniture is made in and around homes. Considering this practical situation, to support furniture industry, residential and some commercial uses can be provided in this strip of land. Implementing Agencies: CDA/BCIC/BSCIC Policies: Relevant policies on industrial and commercial use, Chapter-2 and Guidance Notes: Relevant sections and sub-sections of Guidance Notes 7 and 8, Annex-2. c) Commercial: Com-04-01: Current haphazardly commercial development in and around the

Bahadderhat junction may be developed in a high class commercial centre, with sufficient offsets from the roads, wide public plazas, adequate parking facilities and bus bays. Buildings may be of unlimited FAR with maximum plot coverage of 40%. Buildings will have to be of high architectural standard. These conditions will be same for the area Com-04-02 located to the south east of Arakan road and near bus terminal. Com-04-03: A planned commercial and mixed use, may be developed in the central

area next to the furniture centre. Com-04-04: A planned commercial and mixed area can be developed to the north side

of Mia khan road 4-57

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Figure 4.8: Proposed Land use Plan of DPZ-04

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Com-04-05: An area between the Chaktai and Chaktai diversion khal will be improved

for development into a major planned warehousing and commercial centre. The Authority will ensure adequate access provision, off street parking and loading and unloading areas, adequate footpaths, and public open spaces. In addition, some other required uses can be encouraged here, for example residential and ancillary use considering existing situation. Com-04-06: This area located adjacent to the north east side of Shah Amanat Bridge Approach road can be used for commercial dominating and other uses. Com-04-07: The area situated to the south of the Anannya R/A may be used as

predominant commercial use. Additionally other required uses may also be allowed here proportionately. Com-04-08: Along the both sides of Arakan road that is located from Kaptai road till

Kalurghat Bridge, can be considered to use as commercial dominating area. Besides in a certain scale other uses may also be permitted. Implementing Agencies: CDA/CCC/PWD/other relevant Government Agencies/Private developer companies/Land owners. Policies: Relevant policies on industrial and commercial use, Chapter-2 and Guidance Note 9, Annex- 2. d) Mixed Use MU-04-01: Areas between the Chaktai Khal and Shah Amanat Bridge Approach Road

may be guided to grow as planned mixed-use areas. The Authority will ensure upgrading of the area and protect it from localized flooding, improve access provisions and open spaces. Implementing Agencies: CDA/NHA/CCC/PWD/Land owners/ Private land and housing Developers Policies: Relevant policies, Chapter-2 and Guidance Notes: Relevant notes, Annex-2. e) Drainage: The Proposals in the CMMP is noted in the earlier section. Under the

DAP some additional drainage works are recommended. These are detailed below: Drainage Master Plan Proposals: 1. Rehabilitation of Chaktai khal, Noa khal and Uttara khal. 2. Eleven secondary new khals in different parts of DPZ- 4. 3. Two Primary khals of which one is 65 feet wide recommended within Bakalia Area and its tentative alignment lies in between K. B. Aman Ali Road and Khawja road from Chaktai khal at Bahadderhat to the Karnaphuli River and the other along the northern side of railway track parallel to Arakan Road and opposite side of Osmania Glass Factory. 4. Four regulators on khals flowing into the Karnaphuli River. 5. Two flood storage ponds, one is 9 hectare in Bakalia area and the other one is 10 ha in Chandgaon area. 6. Flood defense is proposed on the right bank of the River Karnaphuli up to Kalurghat Bridge DAP proposal: 1. To protect the existing khals from encroachment, a green corridor reserve is proposed on both sides. 4-59

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2.

Rehabilitation of Tulatuli khal and other khals not covered in the Drainage Master Plan. 3. Retaining and preservation of 214 ponds of 0.5 acre and above. The accumulated size of these existing ponds and dighis proposed for preservation is approximately 162 acres. These ponds are identified in figure 4.8. 4. The study recommends three additional regulators on the khals flowing into the Karnaphuli River. 5. Following drainage-guiding principles/guidelines C at page from 3-3 to 3-4 remaining drainage network is proposed and identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.8. 6. Where not shown specifically in the land use map, drainage guiding Principles/guidelines will apply. f) Transportation: In order to promote development in this DPZ in an organized

manner, a number of primary and secondary roads are being proposed for development. The details are as follows: 1.0 Embankment-cum-Road: In order to promote future development in this zone of

Chittagong city, it is important to protect the bank of the river by constructing an embankment-cum-road along the Karnaphuli River from Shah Amanat Bridge to Kalurghat Bridge, which will be the eastern boundary of Bakalia and Chandgaon Area. This embankment-cum-road will extend from Karnaphuli Bridge Approach Road to the south-west up to Strand Road, but from Kalurghat Bridge to Madunaghat it will extend as embankment only. ROW of the embankment-cum-road would be 200 ft from Strand Road to Shah Amanat Bridge and 300 ft from that point to Kalurghat Bridge 2.0 East-West Connecting Road: In order to develop a grid-iron pattern of road

network, a number of important east-west links have been proposed for both Bakalia and Chandgaon areas. Most of these links will have a ROW of 60 ft. and the rest will have ROW of 40 ft, expect 2-more major east-west links, along the outer bypass, road. For details, Please See: Figure 4.8 3.0 North-South Connecting Road: The Detailed Area Plan also proposed some

important north-south roads in Bakalia and Chandgaon Area. One of these is an extension of Karnaphuli. Approach Road to the north, which will be partly of 120 ft ROW and partly of 100 ft ROW. The remaining north-south links are mostly of 60 ft. ROW. For details, please see Figure 4.8 4.0 Road Widening: The other existing roads in this zone are not wide enough to

provide smooth circulation. It is, therefore, proposed to widen these roads as much as possible, say up to 30 ft. For details, please see Figure 4.8. g) Community Facilities: Comm-04-01: An area near the centre can be reserved for education and research

purposes. A university, colleges, library, arts centre etc. may be established here in an urban setting befitting the elated use. Student residential facilities may be incorporated. Implementing Agencies: CDA/CCC/other relevant Government Agencies/Private developer companies. Policies: Relevant sections of the policies on community facilities, Chapter- 2.

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h) Leisure, Recreation, Parks and Open Spaces:

There is no sufficient facility for recreation activities in this area. For better mental and health improvement of the local people it is mandatory to provide land for different types of recreation activities like parks, play ground, green and sports complex. Taking into consider this demand for recreational purpose the present study of DAP recommends a certain amount land in the study area. RO-04-01: An area eastern side of CDA Kalpalok R/A up to Karnaphuli River bank,

may be developed as a river side amusement such as sport, leisure centre etc. RO-04-02: The triangular area south of the I/A and near to Karnaphuli River may be reserved as an urban park. A butterfly park may be incorporated which may operate as a commercial venture. RO-04-03: The junction of the existing bridge approach road and the proposed new major road should be developed as a junction square park adorned with landscaped garden and sculptures. This will also apply for RO-04-04 and RO-04-05. RO-04-06: This area located west of Kalpalok R/A can be developed as park, civic centre and lake etc. RO-04-07: There is no stuffiest facility for recreational activities in this area. For better mental and health improvement of the local people, it is mandatory to provide land for different types of recreational activities as for example, parks, playground, plantation and sports complex. Taking into consider this demand for recreation purpose the present study of DAP recommends for a certain amount of lands where it will be suitable in this DPZ (is not shown in the Figure 4.8). Implementing Agencies: CDA/CCC/Parjatan Agencies/Private developer companies.

corporation/other

relevant

Government

Policies: Relevant policies on leisure, recreation and open space, Chapter- 2 and Guidance note: 10. i) Utility Services: Ut-04-01: A Sewerage Treatment Plant is proposed to the East side of Kalurghat

Industrial Area. Ut-04-02: The present DAP study recommends that the responsible agencies for the provision of utility services, will prepare their own detailed plan in respective fields. j) Culture and Heritage: CH-04-01: The ‘Borua Para’ located south of Arakan Road, is a settlement of an ethnic

group that also includes its Mandir. The area is recommended for cultural conservation. The physical condition of this neighborhood is poor. The Authority will ensure its enhancement and improvement, through provision of drainage, access roads and playgrounds. Implementing Agencies: CDA/NHA/CCC/other relevant Government Agencies/Private developer companies. Policies: Relevant policies on culture and heritage, Chapter- 2. k) Agriculture: A-04-01: There are lots of agricultural activities in this DPZ like fairies, paddy land

and poultry firm. Considering the economic importance of agricultural activities in local peoples’ life the study recommends retention of a large amount of land for agriculture use. Besides, existing homestead can be retained as well as allowed further development in future. 4-61

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4.4.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT En-04-01: Considering the spectacular riverside view of the Karnaphuli, three riverside

forests have been proposed so as to enhance the physical environment of the City. Mangrove forests under a natural environmental setting are recommended on the west bank of Karnaphuli. Artificial blockage should not be allowed to obstruct the natural tidal inundation of these two forests either due to the proposed highway along river or by any other means. These two forests will be rich in bio-diversity and may also be a wildlife sanctuary. Another natural forest needs to be generated at the northern most trip of the zone and this should be open for public access, but in a sustainable way. En-04-02: To enhance the city environment and make it habitable, it is necessary to build some parks and new Urban Green blocks in this zone. Some such locations are at Chandgaon crossing, near Kalpalok RA, and south of Noa khal mouth. This green park should be kept open for public visit and leisure. En-04-03: Industries are the major source of water and soil pollution in this area. The

Authority will liaison with the DoE to stop all forms of pollution. Setting up of Industrial Waste Treatment Plant, either by individual industrial unit or group of units of similar operation must be ensured. En-04-04: All major khals should be rehabilitated; backlines should be marked and

fixed. Along the backline there should be a buffer zone of green belt, ranging from 20 ft. to 50 ft. wide on both sides. However, for Chaktai diversion khal the bank lines for entire course should be fixed and the green belt can be extended from khal mouth up to the confluence with Chaktai khal. En-04-05: On both side of the Halda riverbank, a narrow 100m wide belt has to be

identified as Special Ecological Zone. No development activities, particularly physical change of shoreline would be allowed and must strictly control. All existing activities, particularly brickfields and sand mining activities, which are harmful to Halda ecology and carp breeding process, need to be stopped and removed. 4.4.7 PHASING PRINCIPLES AND IMPLEMENTATION GUIDELINES

a) Phasing Principle

The study area Bakalia is flat land and threatened by flood and cyclonic surge from the Karnaphuli River. All the development works recommended before in the Detailed Area Plan of this area is subject to the construction of new Road Cum Embankment along the Karnaphuli River. Before that any massive development is prohibited along the eastern side of Bakalia. Due to the high liquefaction zone in eastern side of Bakalia generally more than two storied building will be safe within around 1 .5 kilometers from the bank of the river. But more than two storied building can be constructed with proper Structural and Architectural Design. b) Implementation Guidelines

Generally Chittagong Development Authority (CDA) is responsible to perform development activities in Chittagong city. Now a day’s Private sector and NGOs are keeping important role into different fields of development activities of the society. CDA can implement its development works in cooperation with NGOs and Private Sector. 4-62

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4.5 DPZ 05: LALKHAN BAZAAR - PAHARTALI 4.5.1

EXISTING SITUATION

a) Location and Administrative Boundary: This Zone is on the north of the city and

is largely hilly in character. The Foy’s Lake, one of the most important landmarks of Chittagong is located here. There are large railway holdings within picturesque rolling landscape. Unfortunately there has been massive destruction to the hills for creation of housing sites by private housing societies and individuals. The Zone has an area of 5908.943acres (Land use survey, 2006-07). Planned intervention in a comprehensive manner can turn this area into a unique development and conservation site. The Zone consists of the following six wards: part of ward 2, ward 7, 8, 9, 13 and 14. b) Population: The population of the Area was 468625 in 2001 (BBS). Through

planned intervention the population may grow to 8, 08,340 in 2015 and the population density may be 112 per acre in 2015. c) Land Ownership: Government is a major landowner. This may be classified into

four groups such as i) Bangladesh Railway - the major landowner, Forest Department, NHA, PWD, ii) Government developed industrial estates, iii) Government land leased to the private sector for real estate. iv) Government Khash land. Non-operational railway land has been leased to educational, community organizations (USTC, Imperial Hospital), and socio economic societies (Diabetic society, Kidney Foundation etc), and for tourism and commerce (Foy’s Lake). d) Socio Economic Condition: From socio economic survey, it is found that HH

size varies from 1 to 12. Common size is 4-6 persons per HH. The average literacy rate is 89%. In order to have better job or business, around 92% of the migrated people have moved from their native place to this zone (survey report-II, 2007). Piped water supply exists in 20% HH, (tube wells 77%) electricity connection in 91% and sanitary toilet facilities in 86% HH (BBS, 2001). An average 45% of the households depend on trade and commerce for their livelihood 4.5.2 EXISTING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS

a) Residential: Residential areas consist of the railway estates, government

developments, formal and informal private housing estates and scattered private development. i) Railway Housing: Large railway estate under housing and associated use consists of

hill top bungalows, single storied detached and semi detached houses and three to four storied flats. The first two categories have been built more than half a century ago and except those of the top management, are in a state of neglect and disrepair. Housing areas are well served by schools, play grounds and community halls. Mosques, youth and labor clubs have been constructed haphazardly. A number of housing sites and areas along roads and rail tracks have been illegally encroached with shops, bazaars and houses. Large areas of undulating picturesque land offers ample scope for urban development to cater to the wider needs of the city. ii) Government Development: The Sugandha R/A is a HI and MI area. It has now

become a concrete slum, with no community open space and buildings touching each other, ignoring legal set back regulations. Two low income projects have been developed by NHA. These are: the Sher Shah Colony, which is in a poor environmental state. The second is the Kaiballaydham Low income housing project

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popularly known as the 'Bishya Bank colony', 41.30 acres has been developed. This includes urban facilities and places for employment. Designated open spaces have been allocated to plots. Some 38% housing plots are currently occupied. There is a large demand for industrial workers housing, which has been inadequately addressed. iii) Private Societies/ Private: Important established HI cooperative societies are the

Nasirabad Housing Society (HS) and Khulshi HS. Both sites are on land leased by the government. Major transformation to high-rise high-density development without any addition to open space or urban amenities is occurring in both sites, with buildings occupying more than 70% site area. The single small open space is grossly inadequate to serve the community and retains environmental sustainability. Important private developments are the South Khulshi Housing and the Nasirabad Properties. Multi storied apartments have largely been constructed in the former. There is inadequate access, drainage and open spaces provision. The Authority must ensure reservations of open space, play ground, as per this plan and the Government rules 2004.and pedestrian access provisions. Concentration of scattered schemes, by real estate developers is in three major locations. These are: i) between Foy’s lake and the Baizid Bostami road ii) between Baizid Bostami road and Hathazari road and south of Zakir Hossain road. All three areas are hilly in character and efforts to develop them have resulted in large scale deterioration of the environment but very little housing units have been constructed due to lack of roads, utilities and amenities. The area i) is largely vacant, though these have been sold as medium and small sized plots. Area (ii) is in a more advanced state of development with some access roads and houses. Two major housing sites are the Cosmopolitan and the Hill View Housing Society. (Draft Detailed Plan CMMP: Foy's Lake to Hathazari Road)

Table 4.5: Existing Land Use Features of DPZ 05 Sl No. Land Use Category 1 Agriculture

Area (in acre) 11

Percentage 0.18%

2 Commercial

141

2.39%

3 Education & Research

58

0.99%

4 Manufacturing & Processing 5 Mixed Use

344 80

5.83% 1.35%

6 Office Use

17

0.29%

7 Open/Community Space

48

0.82%

1635

25.51%

62

1.05%

10 Transportation

435

7.35%

11 Vacant Land

464

7.85%

12 Water Body

255

4.32%

13 Miscellaneous

49

0.82%

14 Restricted area

142

2.39%

15 Hill

2296

38.85%

6037

100.00%

8 Residential 9 Service Facilities

Total Source: Land use Survey, 2006-2007

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Figure 09: Existing Land use Map of DPZ 05

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b) Industrial: Some 460 industries are located in the Nasirabad- Sholashahar Light

Industrial Estate and its surroundings. The formal I/A has been developed by PWD (approx 100 ha/240 acres). CDA and BSCIC added further plots. Significant industries are the steel re-rolling mills; paint, jute products, garments and accessories, edible oil, foam, food products, chemical, textiles etc. There are also a number of vehicle repair workshops, offices and shops. Within the industrial area, a number of plots are either vacant or underutilized. Some industries are in an abandoned state. At least one has been changed to educational use (school). There is no treatment facility in this industrial area. Pollution of the surrounding areas is a health and environmental hazard. Flash flooding and water logging is a major problem. Water surging from the hills routinely inundates the Baizid road. The Amin Jute mills hold properties, which have been encroached or used in a haphazard and inefficient manner. The mill itself is in a state of dereliction. The Ispahani Marshal is in this zone. Also present are a number of garments and other factories in the Hathazari road and the CDA Avenue. c) Commercial: A formal commercial area (Office) is on the CDA Avenue at

Sholashahar. Concentrations on shop houses are along all major roads. Concentration of shopping malls, hotels and restaurants are in the GEC junction. Many are in an advanced state of construction. These buildings have not maintained adequate offsets at the ground level for the volume of pedestrian and motorized traffic which is being ( or will be) generated by the buildings. Legal site offset and adequate parking provision has not been maintained. Cars are parked at the road edge of this single most important spinal city road and junction. This is a major source of traffic congestion and this situation will deteriorate immensely. Shopping development directly from Zakir Hossain (which is a major intercity connection) is also a threat to the urban environment and for the operations of public bus services. d) Topography and Drainage: The topography of this planning zone is unique in

character. Except a few portion to the east of the Hathazari road, the entire area has the hilly undulating landscape. Based on topography the area can be divided into at least four morphological units, which are hills, valleys, piedmont and low lying plain lands. Hills occupy the major part of this area. The Dhaka-Chittagong rail tracts in the south and west; Tiger Pass-CDA Avenue in the south; OR Nizam road in the south and Hathazari road in the east bound the hill area. Hills of this area are about 100 ft height, which gradually increases up to 200 ft in the north. Some well-known hills are Batali hill, Prabartak hill, FRI hill, and Ispahani hill. There are valley areas within these hills, some of which are wide, extended and nearly plain. Bordering the hill areas, both on the west and eastern edges, a narrow strip of piedmont land areas has been developed. A small portion in the south-east part is the low-lying land. The hill topography plays a vital role in the radial dispersal of gullies and streams from hill slopes to the plains. Some major streams originating from the hill ranges and flow outward are Shital Jharna khal, Baman Shahi khal, Khandakia khal, Akuti Jharna canal, Ruby gate khal, Gainachara khal and Kattoli khal.

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e) Transport: Major roads are the Tiger Pass, CDA Avenue, OR Nizam road, DT

road, Ambagan road and Baizid Bostami road. A new road is under construction (by CDA) near the northern boundary, which cuts through virgin hills and undisturbed valleys. There is a network of internal access roads within the railway estate, government and formal private housing and industrial estates. f) Restricted Area: The large grounds and facilities of the Metropolitan police and a part of the Chittagong Cantonment are in this zone. Some of the structures of the Police are of historical significance. g) Community Facilities: A number of educational and health facilities have

emerged and are ongoing along the Zakir Hossain road on land leased from the railway and on private land. Significant ones are listed below. i) Health: Significant facilities are: the Holy Crescent Hospital, Bangabandhu Medical

College and Hospital, and Eye Infirmary. Limited services by voluntary societies such as; the Lions eye hospital, Diabetic, Kidney and Deaf & Dumb Clinic exist. Lack of operational funds limit their services and physical development program. ii) Education: Significant government facilities are the Veterinary University,

Technical Training Institute, Women’s technical college, Nasirabad Govt. women’s' college, Nasirabad Govt. girls school, and Nasirabad boys high school. Important private facilities are the University of Science and Technology Chittagong, MES College, Ispahani Public School and college. Buildings for a private university (southern university) have been constructed. Very recently (2006) government has given 104 acres of land immediate north of Foy's Lake) to the Asian University for Women for setting up an international university. h) Utility Services: i) Water supply: Chittagong WASA is responsible authority to supply pipeline water in

DPZ 05. Trunk mains remain along the major roads such as CDA Avenue (36”), Zakir Hossain road (24”), Baizid Bostami road (12”), Hathazari (12”) and some other parts of the area. Besides, a network of smaller mains also lies in different parts of this zone. ii) Electricity: Electricity supply authority provides electricity through a network of

transmission line in this zone. Generally 11 kv and 6 kv lines are used to supply electricity in industrial and residential areas respectively. In accordance with the demand, capacity of transmission lines varies in different parts of DPZ-05. iii) Gas: Bakhrabad Gas System Ltd. is responsible authority for supplying gas in this

zone. Main distribution lines lie along CDA Avenue, Baizid Bostami road and Hathazari road. Besides, a network of smaller mains also serves the study area. iv) Sewerage system: Like other parts of Chittagong city no sewerage system exists in

this zone. Sewage is discharged by septic tanks, drains, and directly to the ground. v) Telecommunication: T&T is responsible authority to provide telecommunication

line in Detailed Planning Zone 05. vi) Solid waste collection and disposal: The Conservancy Department of Chittagong

City Corporation (CCC) is responsible to collect waste from dustbin and transport them to the final disposal sites. Under this study it is found that waste management system of CCC does not achieve acceptable level.

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i) Leisure, Recreation, Parks and Open Spaces: The Foy’s lake and its

surrounding hilly area is of outstanding natural beauty. The lake had been recognized as a part of Regional Park in the 1961 Master Plan and a botanical and zoological Garden. Only a small zoological garden has been established. Others remain unfulfilled. A total of 469 acres of Railway land consisting of the Foy’s Lake and adjacent areas has been leased to the private company - Concord International for development into a tourist attraction. It has been commissioned in 2004. Phase 1 development work is complete (amusements park south of the dam). Phase 2 (Water Park, motel and Resort) is in progress and is partly complete. These two phases comprise of 120 acres. Phase 3 proposals are for a cable car and a five star hotel. (Refer section on environment) j) Culture and Heritage: Important heritage site is the Baizid Bostami Mosque site

with tank filled with over 100 year old turtles. Others are the Nandir Hat temple and residence, Kaiballaydham Temple and Prabartak Sangha. k) Agriculture: Some 10.731 acres land is under agricultural use. These consist of

paddy fields, poultry and fish and diary farm 4.5.3

EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

The generalized land use pattern of the area is the narrow industrial belt along both sides of Baizid Bostami road; planned residential area at Khulshi, Kaiballaydham, Nasirabad and west of FRI; unplanned residential areas at Lalkhan bazaar, Kusumbagh, Alfalah Gali and Muradpur, forest coverage in the hills; brick fields in the east of Foy’s lake hill ranges and the Foy’s lake area. Environmental issues in this planning zone are: i) Hill cutting: The extent of hill cutting is so destructive that is a major environmental

concern for the City. Evidence of merciless and uncontrolled hill cutting for brickfields and for housing plots is widespread. Depletion of the forest ecology is the result of hill cutting. Hill cutting within the Foy's Lake area in the name of tourism development is alarming. Based on the scale of hill cutting, the hills in this Zone has been classified as type; H0, H1 and H2 sites. Type - H0 site is the environmentally sensitive Foy’s lake area. The Lake is not only a

unique landscape of natural attraction, but is a cultural and historical heritage of the City. The Lake and hills need full protection. Type - H1 sites are those hills, which have not been noticeably altered, and needs to be

conserved as hill vegetation areas. Type -H2 sites are hills that have been significantly altered. Controlled low-density

housing and institutional development may be permitted. Development rights will vary according to site and type of use. ii) Hill Erosion and Landslide: Massive hillside erosion after a torrential rainfall has

even lead to loss of live and property. Land slides at Kusumbagh and Mati Jharna area on 6 June 2007 and the death tolls reflect the fragile hill environment of the area. Some vulnerable sites for future landslides are Mati Jharna area, Musa colony, Sholashahar rail station, and narrow valleys of Foy’s lake area.

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iii) Brickfield and Air Pollution: Brick making operations is a major cause of

environmental degradation. Brickfields are owned by private groups (Abul Khaiyer, TK and Yeakub). The area was originally hilly in character, but has now been totally altered into ditches, rugged plains and eroding slopes. Brick making operations pollute the atmosphere. iv) Water logging: Water logging is a serious environmental problem here. The worst

affected areas are Gate No. 2, CDA Avenue opposite Chittagong shopping centre, GEC junction, Prabartak, Muradpur and Mirzar pool. The main causes are siltation due to massive hill cutting and hill erosion in the uplands, encroachment of khals, depressed marshy lands in the east and artificial obstacles in the drainage system. v) Ponds and Water bodies: Except the flood plains in the south-east, there is limited number of water bodies and ponds. The only remarkable water body is the Foy’s lake, which is the only source of potable water for some 50,000 families of the BR. The 'closed eco system' of this confined lake water is now under pollution threat due to massive development and human interference, in the name of amusement tourism. vi) Industrial Pollution: A narrow strip of industrial belt along both sides of the Baizid

Bostami road and also partly along west side of Hathazari road includes medium to large-scale industrial unit. The effluents from some industries find their ways into the khals and finally into the Karnaphuli river. 4.5.4 HIGHER LEVEL PLANNING a) Structure Plan – CMMP 1995: Three important strategic proposals have been

made for this zone: • Large part of the Zone has been considered as one of the three peripheral expansion areas and phased programme for development between Hathazari roads to west of Foy's lake had been proposed following certain procedures and standards. • The Foy’s Lake and the hilly area to its north has been recommended as strategic open spaces under the Special Control Zone, demanding special protection. The former is under S01 and the latter S02 of the Special Control Zone. • Parts of the Battali Hills and the Adjacent Hills marked as S 03 as Strategic open space also falls under this zone. b) Urban Development Plan CMMP 1995: In line with the Structure Plan policies

the major actions recommended are as follows: • Establishment of a mechanism to enable for timely development of the Area. • Implementation of the transportation and drainage proposals of the Plan. • Encouraging the full development of the Nasirabad /Sholashahar industrial area. Making better use of underutilized areas within government industrial enterprises. • Emission control of pollutants and provision of effective solid and liquid effluent disposal for industries in the Nasirabad Industrial Area. Actions already taken by CDA: • Construction of the East west road through the hills north of the Foy's Lake (ongoing). The manner in which the alignment has been determined and the engineering work implemented is unsustainable and has damaged the environment and effected the overall drainage 4-69

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c) Storm Water and Drainage Master Plan CMMP 1995: The DPZ 05 covers part of

Drainage Area No. 4a, Drainage Area No. 4b, Drainage Area No. 5b and Drainage Area No. 7 of the Drainage Master Plan. Major proposals given for this zone are khal rehabilitation, new primary khal, and new secondary khal and silt trap. d) Long Term Strategy for Traffic and Transportation Master Plan CMMP 1995:

Major proposal of this Master plan is one east west and one north-south connection roads. 4.5.5 DETAILED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

The following development proposals have been shown in Figure no 4.10 This Zone comprises of the last stretch of hills entering the city from the north, Foy's lake and the surrounding hill, residential, service, and urban amenities, and tourism potential exists which could be citywide and regional significance. Environmental conservation will be a major determinant. Major development proposals will be: • Conservation and of the hilly areas and its environmental protection and enhancement. • Regeneration of the industrial estate and its environmental improvement. • Regeneration and improvement of haphazardly growing and environmentally degraded residential areas through formation of organizations and application of land management techniques • Meeting housing and community needs the population. • Promotion of recreational, leisure and open space facilities Sector wise proposals are as follows: a) Residential (Housing) Implementing agency will be CDA/ CCC/ PWD / other government / housing societies/ subsidiary development companies (proposed) / private sector / private landowners. / NGO's/ CBO's, as the case may be.

Policies in chapter 2 and Guidance Notes in Annex 2 will be applicable as is relevant. R-05-01: The large area east of Foy’s Lake abused by brick making operations and

indiscriminate hill cutting should be turned into a low-density township. The following proposals are made: i)

Housing all income groups with LI development restricted to the edge of the industrial area.

ii)

In areas largely flattened, the layout will include lakes and urban open spaces, leisure centres, limited shopping centres and office buildings, educational facilities, Eidgah, and wooded and landscaped areas.

iii)

The existing hills will be conserved and protected.

A mechanism must be established such that the Authority can work in association with private companies to ensure planned development of the area in phases. No individual action will be entertained. However, rights of existing landowners will be considered. Instead of plot allocation only, the aim should be to deliver complete buildings and plots. The whole development process must accountable and transparent and subject to professional and public opinion and debate. Approval from the proposed Nagorik Committee will be mandatory. (Refer chap 5) Implementing Agency: BR / CDA / CCC/ with private sector / private landowners.

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R 05 - 2/ RI 05-3: A number of squatters on the foothills are at risk from hill erosion. A

phased programme for identifying and upgrading these sites should be a routine function. A start may be made with slums at Moti Jharna, Sholashahar railway station. Implementing Agency: BR / CDA / CCC/ CBOs / NGOs are with the private sector/private landowners. RI-05-04/ RI-05-05: The planned areas of Nasirabad and Khulshi Housing Society are

undergoing changes from low rise low density to high rise high density. In consultation with the relevant societies the Authority must ensure that open spaces (parks and play grounds), urban amenities (education and primary health facilities, grocery and kitchen markets) are provided in designated locations. The community has to make reservations for such purposes as per minimum standard set by the government. Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC/ Housing societies /Private sector R-05-06: Guidance should be provided to the three sites - Cosmopolitan and Hill view

and others located between Baizid and Hathazari road. Planned Low-density low-rise housing for HI and MI group with maximum height of 6 storied and individual Plot should be permitted. NH open space, playground and urban amenities should be ensured as per government rules 2004, through motivation and readjustment. R-05-07: The area between the Baizid and the Amin jute mills should be encouraged to

develop for all income groups but reserving the lower plains for LI industrial workers housing. R-05–08: A large site has been leveled and is currently vacant with poor access and

environmental condition. Mixed Low-density housing for all income groups (south of industrial area at Baizid Bostami road) will be permitted. - Maximum 5 storied, max plot coverage 60%. R-05-09: Improvement to the sites (south of industrial plots)- Ensure Low rise and

Low density housing for HI and MI - Maximum 4 storied, max plot coverage 60%. For the area on the western portion of zone: R-05-10: The Authority will ensure environmental protection and planned expansion

and provision of urban amenities of the South Khulshi residential site. Recommended building height is 6 storied and plots coverage 60%. R-05-11: The Authority will ensure environmental protection and planned expansion

and provision of urban amenities at Shardarnagar and surroundings. Recommended building ht is 4 storied and plots coverage 65%. R-05-12: A number of hilly sites have residential development. The environmental conditions are fragile and the edges are being continually cut. The Authority should impose strict control on hill cutting and high-rise high-density development. Single and dual family residences may be permitted. Maximum individual plot coverage should be within the range of 10 to 25% depending on the nature of the hill and the need for retention. Adequate plantation coverage and provision of site drainage should be ensured. The surroundings should be protected from high-rise development. R-05-13: The Authority will ensure protection and stabilization of the remaining hills on both sides of the Foy’s lake approach road. Housing for all income groups may be permitted to a maximum of 4 stories and 50% of plot coverage. Institutions and urban facilities may be permitted along the road with adequate local vehicular and pedestrian access after making reservations for expansion of the existing road. No shopping mall development will be permitted on the road front 4-71

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Figure 4.10: Proposed Land use Land use Plan of DPZ 05

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R-05-14: The Authority will liaison with NHA and other relevant authorities to improve the low income housing sites at Kaiballaydham and ensure its full utilization for the target group. Environmental improvements and adequate access and urban facilities will be ensured to this area and an area to the north. Parking provision may be relaxed as per decision of the Authority for single and double storied residential buildings for the LI group. Other provision will be as per Building rules 2007. R-05-15: The hilly area in between should be retained for higher income housing but

ensuring that no hill cutting takes place. Single and dual family dwellings will be permitted up to a maximum of 6 storied and maximum plot coverage of 25%. R-05-16/ R-05-17 / R-05-18: The Authority will start a phased programme of improving the existing residential areas within the urban areas. These suffer from poor access; poor environmental condition, and served by inadequate urban amenities. Land readjustment and guided land development techniques shall be used to improve conditions. A start may be made with three areas. These are a) the Lalkhan bazaar area (west of Ispahani junction) b) an area south of the CDA avenue at Sholashahar and c) the area east of the Nasirabad women’s college at Nasirabad. Efforts must be made to secure open spaces, footpath and road reserves. The encroached drainage channels must be restored and protected. RI 05 -18 is transforming to commercial use. This will be permitted with protecting privacy of residential development and ensuring adequate access and parking and movement functions. R-05-19 / R-05-20: The Authority will start a phased programme of improving the

existing semi urban areas in the more peripheral areas. Problems and development techniques suggested above may be applied. Two such areas are a) between the CDA Avenue and the Dohazari railway track b) south of the CDA Avenue. The areas have a large number of ponds. The Authority should ensure that individual and other land subdivision and development projects occur under an overall drainage and road (vehicular, including cycle and pedestrian) network plan with adequate reserves for the same. Adequate reserves for public open spaces and urban facilities must be ensured. Roadside commercial development may be permitted with adequate offset for local traffic and footpaths. Until planned expansion is taken up the lands should be held as urban reserves. A Number of sites within the hills are in different stages of development of residential areas. Some have been leveled and awaiting large-scale construction. The Authority will ensure that each site stabilizes the hill edges such that eroding edges are not exposed to the weather. Most importantly it must ensure that the water discharged from its site is managed in a sustainable manner and does not cause flash flooding on its foothill. These sites are: R-05-21: The Nasirabad Properties: The site should be classified as a low-density site

with single and dual family residential buildings. Maximum individual plot coverage should be limited to 30%. Maximum Building height should be restricted to 3 floors. R-05-22: Considering that the lake city project by the CCC is already underway a HI

low-density development may be permitted with maximum individual plot coverage 30% and maximum floor height 3 floors. Full environmental protection must be guaranteed. R-05-23: A special hill top site at the junction of Zakir Hossain road and Goribullah shah road may be permitted as a single family HI residence. The hills and slopes will be protected. The foothills will be conserved as an urban open space with 10%

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coverage of the flat foothill area for a small posh restaurant or a youth centre. Maximum height of this building is 3 stories. The Authority will secure public foot walks of at least 10' all along the outer boundary and a space for public transport stoppage at a suitable location. The boundary wall may be such as to create visual connectivity. The hill slopes will be protected and water management ensured. R-05-24: The government quarters presently in dilapidated conditions should be revitalization. In this zone a start may be made with the site west of CDA Avenue.

Policies H4, H4.1, H4.2, H4.3, H4.4 (Chapter-4) and Guidance Notes 04 (all section) (Annex-2) will apply. Implementing Agency: CDA/PWD / with or without the private sector R-05-25: There are large land holdings of the Railway in this Zone. It is understood

that a major planning project for the use of all Railway land is underway. However, this Plan would like to state that the rolling topography of the railway lands in Zone 3, and the large triangular area in this Zone is a rare and unique feature of Chittagong and therefore holds vast potentials to uphold the image of the City. The hilly and undulating character must be retained and enhanced. The low-density hill top bungalows may be converted to uses of public interests. One has been converted to a railway museum. The area should be upgraded and additional facilities developed to create visitor interest. The housing areas must be revitalized with actions to limit the growth of slums and squatters. Instead of piecemeal lease of land the area could be redeveloped into a township with residential facilities for a range of income groups, institutions, commercial development, parks and open spaces, transport facilities and places for leisure and recreation. The railway and planning authority may coordinate with each other for a comprehensive development of the area. The development plans must be subject to professional and public opinion and debate and approval from the proposed Nagorik Committee. R-05-26 / R-05-27: The Authority will liaison with CCC / NHA / government /

Community / NGOs to improve and extend the spontaneous traditional rural and semi-rural settlements, through land readjustment and Guided Land Development Techniques. Water retention areas will be established. Existing landowners will have option to join the development effort and /or be rehabilitated within the area. R 05-26 will be for the HI and R-05-27 for the MI and LI group. b) Industrial: In-05-01: The Authority will pursue the relevant government organization to see that

the underutilized plots within the Industrial area are fully and efficiently utilized for non-hazardous light industrial uses. It will ensure that its own plots are fully used. No further industrial expansion should be made in either east or west of the Baizid road. The Authority will demarcate the western edge of the industrial area by a tree buffer. In-05-02: The DT road is lined with industries. The western limit should be strictly

controlled to stop any incursion of industries into the hills. A 100 m tree buffer must be ensured. Access to the individual factories should be by means of local roads the frequency of which is specified in the section on roads. c) Commercial: The following recommendations are made for commercial uses.

Relevant policies in Chapter 2 and Guidance in Annex 2 will apply.

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Com-05-01/ Com-05-02: The aesthetic quality of the existing planned commercial area

may be enhanced. Immediate attention must be given to resolve the flash flooding problems at the shopping arcade. The residential area south of the shopping complex is transforming into commercial and shopping use. This should be permitted after ensuring privacy and convenience of residential users and ensuring adequate parking and circulation of vehicular and pedestrian movement. Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / Private sector Com-05-03: Narrow strips of land along the CDA Avenue have commercial and

shopping use. The Authority should ensure that a minimum of 12' wide footpath is provided on both sides of the road from WASA junction to Sholashahar Gate No 2. All developments must have the requisite parking space and dropping and pick up space within its own plot area. Where it does not exist, the Authority should find innovative ways for its provision. d) Mixed Use MU-05-01: Roadside commercial and industrial development has occurred north of the

CDA Avenue. The Authority should ensure sufficient offset from the road. All proposals south of the BFRI hills must have a minimum gap of 20' between two buildings for visual connection of the hills. The Authority must ensure footpath, access and parking reservations. MU-05-02: The area between the Hathazari road and the Hathazari rail track and the area west of the Baizid road is designated for mixed use. Sufficient off street parking, public transport stoppages, and footpaths has to be ensured by the Authority. A major drain is planned along the CDA Avenue, the sides of which should be protected with vegetation, pavements and landscape features. Public plazas and such public open spaces must be ensured to encourage limited provisions for hawkers. The ward Office will be upgraded to its status as a public office serving the community. (COM 01, Chapter-2 and Guidance Note, Annex-2) e) Drainage: Following Drainage Master Plan 1995, it is evident that Detailed

Planning Zone -05 (DPZ-05) covers part of Drainage Area No. 4a, Drainage Area No. 4b, Drainage Area No. 5b and Drainage Area No. 7. Whole area of DPZ 05 is covered by Drainage Master Plan Proposals. DAP study has also identified some additional drainage works to be done for DPZ 05. Drainage Master Plan Proposals for the area include: 1. Rehabilitation of Tripura Chara khal, Kalir Chara khal, Kattali khal, Gaina Chara khal and Rampur khal. 2. One new primary khal joining with Bahadderhat junction. 3. Two new secondary khals joining with Tripura Chara khal and one new secondary khal near to Sulak Bahar road and another one is along the railway line. 4. 9 silt traps in appropriate locations along different khals. All the above proposals are identified in the land use plan, Figure 4.10.

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DAP Proposals: 1. Rehabilitation of Mirza khal and its surrounding khals with a total length of about 9 km. 2. Retaining and preservation of 38 ponds of 0.5 acres and above. The accumulated size of these existing ponds proposed to be preserved equal to approximately 36 acres. These ponds are identified in figure 4.10. 3. A total of 4 flood storage ponds with an accumulated size of 45 acres and are identified in figure 4.10. 4. One silt trap along the upstream end of Mirza khal is proposed. The location is identified in figure 4.10. 5. Following drainage-guiding principles/guidelines C at page from 3-3 to 3-4 remaining drainage network is proposed and identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.10. 6. Where not shown specifically in the Land use plan of Figure 4.10 Drainage Guiding Principles / Guidelines will apply. f) Transportation Road Network: There are some planned and unplanned residential areas in this zone.

In addition, a significant number of institutions have developed in this area. All these have made the area as a busy part of the city where large volumes of traffic are generated everyday. Existing roads are not wide enough for efficient traffic movement. Consequently, traffic jam is common phenomena in most of the intersections. This DAP had, therefore, proposed widening of some existing roads in order to make a road network for efficient vehicular traffic movement. The road from tiger pass moor to Muktijoddha Shafiuddin road and railway school road is proposed to be widened to 100 ft ROW. Another road named ‘Ambagan Flora Pass road’ has to be widened 40 feet from Ambagan to Zakir Hossain road. Under DAP; it is proposed to build another road of 60 ft ROW from the road in Ambagan to DT road. A 120 ft ROW road is proposed from road in Ambagan to Baizid and Fouzderhat connection road (under construction) which is also the Outer By-pass road. Some east west link roads between Baizid and Hathazari road have been suggested to open up the surrounding areas. This study also recommends to wide the two major roads named Baizid Bostami road to 100 ft ROW and Hathazari road to 120 ft ROW. For further details, please see Figure 4.10 g) Community Facilities

Relevant policies in Chapter 2 and Guidance Note in Annex 2 will apply. Comm-05-01: The Veterinary University, Agricultural Centre, various buildings of the

USTC is on the edge of a major road (Zakir Hossain). The Authority should liaison with the relevant institutions to ensure wide footpaths along the entire road and to make sufficient offsets from the road at entrance locations. Boundary protection should retain visual connectivity. The proposed north south road may be permitted through this area with adequate protection and safety considerations. Comm-05-02: A number of large education sites are located along CDA avenue, Zakir Hossain Road. The Authority must liaison with the relevant organization to secure wide footpaths. Spaces should be created for dropping and pick up areas of each institution.

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Comm-05-03: The Technical Institute (TI) and other educational institutes occupy

large areas west of the industrial estate. The overall environment is poor, the buildings of the TI are extremely poor and they are in under utilized. The Authority may liaison with the relevant government department to upgrade and revitalize the area. Comm-05-04: The proposed international residential campus of the Asian University

for Women (AUW) has been permitted on the north and east of the Foy's Lake. (Refer RO-05-01 and EN-05). This will be allowed to grow expand on conditions of ensuring a sustainable building practice and environment. (Refer RO-05-01 and EN-05) Comm-05-05: The National Housing Authority has a large site, which can be used for

more effectively. The existing pond will be retained. The Authority will liaison with the government to secure land for widening the footpaths all along the southern boundary and in the junction. Comm-05-06: The Two, hill top community centers are widely used. Adequate open

space and parking facilities must be retained. No hill cutting should be permitted. Landscaping and trees cover should be increased. Comm-05-07: The shopping areas in and around the Sholashahar junction may be

further developed with adequate drop off zone and parking. A wide pedestrian path of at least 10' must be secured in front of the buildings in access of the dropping and parking zones. Comm-05-08: Three significant religious facilities exist. These are discussed under

culture and heritage conservation. h) Leisure, Recreation, Parks and Open Spaces:

Relevant policies in Chapter 2 and Guidance in Annex 2 will apply. RO-05-01: The southern part of the proposed Regional Park falls in this special Hill Zone. The hills, natural depressions and water bodies need protection. The Authority must pursue the development of a regional park as a top priority. All residential area or individual residential permits must be stopped. They may be compensated or relocated in the large developable area on the east (RI-05-01). The AUW campus will be permitted on consideration of sustainable environmental planning. (Comm-05-04) Vegetation and tree cover will be made mandatory (See environmental section)

Implementing Agency: CDA / other government agencies RO-05-02: The Foy's Lake will be declared as a Special Ecological Zone". The forests

and lake zone must be protected. Amusement park shall be permitted south of the dam. Considering the noise generation of the park, the adjacent zoological park may be relocated in Zone 7. (See environmental section) Parts of the Batali Hills and the Adjacent Hills marked as S-03 as Strategic open space (Figure 9.1, Urban Development Plan) also falls under this zone. Implementing Agency: BR / CDA / other government agencies i) Utility Services Ut-05-01: The present DAP study recommends that the responsible agencies for the

provision of utility services, will prepare their own detailed plan in respective fields.

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j) Culture and Heritage

The Authority shall assist in identifying heritage sites. The following have been identified for conservation, enhancement and protection to enable these to be attractive and sites of interest for visitors. Relevant policies in Chapter 2 and Guidance in Annex 2 will apply. The Planning Authority will liaison with other relevant organizations both public and private to implement these recommendations. CH-05-01: The Jalalabad Pahar relating to the Chittagong Uprising (1931 -34) should

be given the status of a heritage site. The Authority will identify the area and liaison with the government, for its listing, development and use as a place of visitor interest. (This will also fall in Zone 6). CH-05-02: The Authority will ensure conservation of the Baizid Bostami Shrine site and make the area aesthetically appealing to visitors. Low-rise shops of appropriate design to match the surroundings should replace the roadside shacks. Other urban design features and visitor facilities will be incorporated. The Authority in liaison with the mosque committee may initiate an urban design scheme. CH-05-03: The hilly property of the Prabartak Sangha has a cultural past. Government will ensure protection of the hill from encroachments and illegal occupation. The Authority will assist to protect, conserve and enhance the hills along with the temple, educational campus and open space and its natural setting. The workshops will be relocated in other appropriate locations. Efforts will be made to secure footpath reserves, which should follow the contour. No shopping or commercial development use should be permitted. To transform it into a place of visitor and tourist interest, appropriate development may be permitted in harmony with the site. The Shanga shall be permitted to add supporting facilities to the existing orphanage and school, subject to environmental and conservation considerations. CH-05-04: The hill top temple at Kaibayyadham should be protected from visual obstruction and encroachment. The surrounding environment should be enhanced. The Authority may liaison with the CCC and the community to enhance the site as a place of visitor interest. CH-05-05 / CH-05-06: The Armory at Police lines and the European Club. (Quit India Movement) should be listed as heritage structures and appropriate renovation and enhancement undertaken to create places of visitor interest. CH-05-06: The Authority will ensure the creation of large fields for kite flying and other such festivals in suitable locations in the new township area (R-05-01 and in the railway redevelopment area. 4.5.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT

Massive hill cutting, land slides, brick field operation, industrial pollution, water logging, lake water pollution, scarcity of ponds/water bodies and preservation of Foy’s lake and forest coverage area are the major considerations in the future development activities of this planning zone. Any project in the hilly topography particularly major road projects must be subject to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and reviewed by the proposed Nagorik Committee prior to project approval and implementation. Alignments can only be confirmed after such evaluation. Thus all major road projects in particularly in this Zone will be indicative of a need for connection. The current projects should be reviewed to take environmental considerations in mind and to control damage and to ensure water management. 4-78

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Implementing Agency: The Planning Authority/ CDA will coordinate with other relevant public and private organizations and individuals to achieve environmental protection and enhancement and some of the guiding principles for this planning zone are as follows: En-05-01: The Authority will guide the environmental areas of privately developed

housing areas in undulating land and those affected by sporadic hill cutting. Efforts will be made to repair the eroding hills and stabilize the edges, so as to stop all further damage. Through dialogue with housing societies, developers and land owners, the Authority will ensure minimum provision of open spaces, play grounds, and other community facilities by the as per Govt. rules 2004. The Authority may impose further conditions as is relevant. En-05-02: No hill cutting and forest clearing should be allowed in the existing hilly

areas. All brickfields should be removed form this area and relocated outside the city (see zone 6). The Foy’s Lake area has been identified as Type - H0, which needs to be full conservation. Construction and development activities related to entertainment tourism cannot be allowed in this area. The present agreement with Concords needs to be revised and all current development activities sctrunised, controlled and unsustainable development cancelled. Development may be retained only in the lower part of the cross-dam. All H1 type hilly lands have to be retained and further hill cutting strictly controlled. Such hills are mostly located north of the Foy’s lake area, railway land at Pahartali, Battali hill, Prabartak hill, FRI hill, and Ispahani hill. However, amongst permitted projects, (such as AUW) building coverage should be limited to 10% of site area, subject to environmental protection and sustainable hill slope development. Low density (up to 3 stories) residential and institutional and community use may be permitted occupying 10% ground area and taking full account of water management and slope protection. EIA and presentation to the proposed Nagorik Committee is mandatory. Type-H2 hill areas have significantly been altered and flattened. Comprehensive area development and restoration of forest cover in such areas is recommended. Considering the economic cost of the area only low rise, low density institutional and residential with ancillary facilities may be permitted depending on location and use ground coverage will vary from 50 - 30% and five storied walk up buildings. En-05-03: All major khals, such as Shital Jharna khal, Robi gate, Chashma hill khal

should be rehabilitated, backlines marked and fixed by vegetation coverage. Along the backline there should be a buffer zone of green belt, up to 50 ft wide on both sides. The existing slum along the Tulatuli bustee along khal should be relocated and the area developed as a green reserve for reducing the effects of flash flooding in the overall area. En-05-04: To delineate the boundary between the hills and dissected plains (H2) and

also between dissected plains (H2) and Nasirabad industrial zone, two 100m wide forest buffer zones is recommended. Such zone will limit the expansion and encroachment of each Land use type and enhance the physical environmental quality of the area. En-05-05: The flood plains of the Halda in the east about 90 ponds of various sizes,

many of which are large. Ponds of 0.5 acre and above must be preserved under the guidelines of water body preservation. The environments of some of the water bodies are fragile and need to be improved. When comprehensive area plans are made the 4-79

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water surface areas may be adjusted to layouts. Special attention must be taken to protect the water quality of the Foy’s lake. Currently due to accelerated human movement and boat plying in the lake the quality of the lake water is under threat. Dumping of solid waste, such as drinks can, polythene wrappers etc. are directly thrown into the lake water by visitors. To protect the water quality it is recommended to limit the use of the water covered area. En-05-06: The area development plan on the east side of the Foy’s lake area, will take

environmental considerations in mind. A crescent shaped lake is proposed to be readjusted on final layout. Another lake has also been proposed on the northern end of Panchlaish ward. This lake would be expansion and widening of the Uttara khal. Both the proposed lakes would be developed as sites of attraction for leisure and tourism. En-05-07: All brickfields operating on the eastern dissected part of the Foy’s lake area needs to be relocated. Considering the needs for brick supply in the city, these may be relocated in suitable sites outside the city area. However, all these relocated brickfields must be built following the existing brickfield and environmental rules and should be at least 500m far from the foothill. En-05-08: Current scale of industrial pollution at this planning zone is not very

alarming. But the physical environmental setting within each industrial unit needs to be made sustainable and eco-friendly. It is recommended to enhance more green coverage throughout the entire industrial belt. Moreover, measure should be taken by each industrial unit to reduce their pollution level and discharge effluences only after proper treatment. En-05-09: The aesthetic environment of Moti Jharna hill should be enhanced with tress

plants and vegetation cover. En-05-10: The government and private landowners own five hilly sites of various sizes

under various uses. The existing hilly character should be protected and very low density residential and urban amenity development will be permitted. Expansion of industries will not be permitted. The Authority should ensure enhancement of the natural hilly environment. En-05-11: The Jilapi Pahar is an ecological and environmental resource of the city and

a place of visitor interest. Visitor facilities should be enhanced and enlarged. The Authority may liaison with the relevant department for effecting adequate landscape and urban design of the site and surroundings. The open area at the foothills of the site with PWD quarters should be formerly developed as a play ground for all. Other public facilities such as public toilets may be incorporated at appropriate suitable location. The CNG stations at the foothills should be relocated to other suitable sites. The historic structure of the mazar shall be conserved and the surrounding structures will be formally approved to meet a high degree of aesthetic standard. The unauthorized structures will be removed. The existing sand trade in the lane should be controlled and relocated to suitable site away from the city centre.

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4.6 DPZ - 06: PANCHLAISH – BAIZID 4.6.1

EXISTING SITUATION

a) Location and Administrative Boundary: The Zone consists of the hills and

foothills of the northern hill range on the west and the flood plains of the Halda on the east. The northern edge is the northern city limit. The zone is largely unoccupied due to its hilly terrain. In the plains agricultural use is predominant. The foothills have a concentration of brick manufacturing operations. The Chittagong Cantonment falls largely here. The zone consists of two full and one partial ward. These are: ward 1, 3 and part of 2. The total area is about 9,564 acres. b) Population: As per the BBS census 2001 the population of the Area was 168,051. It is estimated to be 281,402 in 2015. Density of the area will rise from 18 / acre in 2001 to 29 in 2015. c) Land Ownership: Major land owners in this Area are the Military (approximately 15% of the area), and the government assuming that the hilly areas on the west are primarily owned by the government (Forest department and Government Khash). d) Socio Economic Condition: According to the socio economic survey HH size

varies from 1 to 12 members with 4-6 member families more common. Approximately 70% HH have 4 to 6 members. Again 51.50% of the population is male and 48.50% is female. About 12.09% of the population is of 10 – 14 age group. Literacy rate varies from 26% to 20%. Secondary education has been completed by 20-25% of the population. Small and middle scale business and agricultural work is the main occupation. Agricultural use consists of crop farming, fish cultivation, livestock and poultry rearing. 4.6.2 EXISTING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS

In the flood plains of the Halda River, areas are predominantly under agricultural use, with rural homesteads being the predominant feature. Brick making sites is significant. Large-scale hill cutting has taken place in the foothills. Sector wise uses are as follows: Table 4.6: Existing land use features of DPZ-06 Sl. No. Land Use Category 1 Agriculture

Area (in acre) 2026

Percentage 21.07%

2 Commercial

72

0.731%

3 Education & Research

18

0.185%

4 Manufacturing & Processing

157

1.608%

5 Mixed Use

19

0.192%

6 Open/Community Space

15

0.157%

7 Residential

1287

13.142%

8 Transportation

358

3.653%

9 Vacant Land

792

8.236%

10 Water Body

727

7.423%

11 Miscellaneous

68

0.696%

12 Restricted area

1426

14.836%

13 Hill

2581

26.870%

9564

100

Total Source: Land use Survey, 2006-2007

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Figure 4.11: Existing Land use Map of DPZ 06

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a) Residential: According to the physical feature survey, a total number of structure

is 18,345 of which some 19% are pucca, 37% semi pucca and 44 % Katcha, of which 13% are residential buildings. Of the residential structures 17%, are pucca and 47% katcha. There are squatters in the folds of the hills. Real estate developers are in a process of subdividing and selling plots in scattered locations, in the Halda plains and the west of the Hathazari road where minimal access can be provided. Development Control is weak, and most action on land takes place arbitrarily - without any overall plan. b) Industrial: A small northern portion of the Nasirabad I/A falls in this zone. Some

plots are underused while others have encroached on the mandatory set back space. Thus they minimal offset from road reserves. A number of industries are operating in the non-industrial sites or within paddy fields and polluting the surrounding environment. Discharge from the tannery site is severely polluting surrounding agricultural land and the drainage channels. c) Commercial: Around 1,225 commercial structures are present which mostly retail

shops. These are mostly in the form of ribbon development along the existing Hathazari and other roads. Some agro based commercial activities have also developed in ward 01. d) Topography and Drainage: Topographically the area can be divided in to at least

five morphological units. Hills occupy the major part of this area, and are located in the west of Hathazari road and north of CDA east-west connecting road. Such hills are dissected; mostly north south aligned and is up to 250 ft in height. There is an extensive development of valley in between these hill ranges and the Chittagong Cantonment occupies the major part of this valley, particularly in the south. Along the eastern fringe of this hill ranges, a narrow stripe of piedmont land has been developed, with an average elevation of 50 ft. However, due to massive human interferences, it is very difficult to isolate the limits of valleys and piedmont areas. An extensive alluvial plain land has been developed in between the Hathazari road and piedmont range, which gradually widens in the north. This plain land has a general eastward slope. The topography of the south-east part of this planning area is mostly plain, marshy and swampy land. Due to east and south-east ward general slope of the area, all gullies and streams originating from the hills finally discharge into the Karnaphuli and Halda river system. Some major streams originating from the hill ranges and flowing east are Shital Jharna khal, Baman Shahi khal, Khandakia khal and Akuti Jharna khal. e) Transport: i) Road Network: Road network is not sufficient for vehicular traffic movement. Most

of the roads are narrow in Ward no. 3. This network does not follow regular shape. Hathazari road lies in the eastern periphery of DPZ 06, which has important role on this area’s transportation network. Oxygen Quaish road is an important link with Ward 3. Another important road named Baizid Bostami Road in Ward no 2 has opened up the area. Access roads are narrow and congested in Ward no. 3. Some important access roads connected with Hathazari road lie in Ward no. 3 namely Vatiary road, Shajalal road, Sayed Kasem road and Mahmudabad road.. ii) Rail Way: A total of 5 km rail track remain from south to north in this zone that is

parallel to Hathazari Road. Student of Chittagong University goes to their university from main city by Shuttle train running on this track.

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f) Institutional: The Bangladesh Scientific Research Council is located on the west

side along the Hathazari road of this DPZ. It has large underused facilities such as office building and research fields. g) Restricted Area: The Chittagong Cantonment is situated within the hilly areas. h) Community Facilities: i) Health Services: Local Health centres are situated are concentrated along roads.

These consist of small clinics and diagnostic centre. ii) Education: A number of educational institutes exist which are recorded in the data

base. i) Utility Services: i) Water Supply: CWASA is responsible to supply piped water in Ward no. 3. Water

supply line exists along the roads. Individual supply is taken from the main line along the roads. Water is dirty and supply is irregular. Shallow tube well is dug supply of drinking water. A huge amount of water is used for industrial activities in southern part of his zone. ii) Gas and Electricity: Gas supply authority has provided their services in developed

parts of study area. Few poor families can not bring gas line because of financial inability. They cook food in traditional mud made oven. Electricity supply authority has given their supply in the whole area of DPZ 06. iii) Drain and Sewerage: Drainage system particularly around the industries is not well.

During heavy rain fall wastewater of drains occurs flooding to the surrounding areas. Drainage system of the Detailed Area Plan is very poor condition as well as creates unhygienic conditions. Drains are not enough wide everywhere and it does not follow continuity as well. Most of the drains are broken. There is no sewerage system in Chittagong city. Few households have septic tank but almost of wastewater are discharged directly into canals. NGOs are helping some poor households to establish sanitary ring. iv) Solid waste: Solid waste management system is not well in this area. Households

dump waste indiscriminately along the roadside, drain, pond and canal that pollutes water body. This unsanitary situation may lead pollution that occurs health hazard. j) Culture and Heritage: There is an old temple on the hill at the end of Shajalal road in Ward no. 1.Some historic ponds exist in the area. The Jalalabad Pahar is located here. These need protection and development as places of interest and attraction. k) Agriculture: Agriculture use is extensive in this area. Water from pond and marshy land are used for cultivation. A considerable number of poultry farms as well as a large number of fisheries are observed in DPZ 06. Fish farming exists on the flood plains. The Halda estuary is the only natural breeding ground for fishes. 4.6.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

The generalized Land use pattern of this area is the narrow industrial belt along the Baizid Bostami and Hathazari road; Military Cantonments in the hill valley areas; unplanned residential growth between Hathazari road and Hathazari rail line; agricultural uses in the plain lands; brick fields in the north and sporadic houses with rural characteristics in the south-east. The environmental profile of this Zone reflects its topographic settings, existing land use characteristics and human intervention on the natural system. Some environmental issues are:

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i) Hill cutting: Hill cutting is a serious environmental concern in this planning zone.

There are a series of records of indiscriminate unplanned hill cuttings, mostly for brickfields and housing plots. The extent of hill cutting for brickfield in the northern part of the zone and also into the heart of the hill land mass is so destructive that it has lead to a major environmental concern for the city. It has reached alarming proportions. Based on the extent of hill cutting, the hills of the zone have been classified as type- H1, H2 and H3. Type- H1 hills are those, which have not been noticeably altered and need to be conserved as hill and forested area. Type- H2 hills are those, which have been altered and may be allowed for controlled low-density development. Type - H3 hills are those where massive destruction of virgin hill topography has been made into the interior of hill areas particularly for brick manufacturing. This has become a threat to the forest ecology of the area.. ii) Hill Erosion and Landslide: Hill cutting and alteration of slopes, has lead to massive

erosion after a torrential rainfall, which have resulted in massive land slides and loss of live and properties. (The land slides at Lebubagan and Kaichaghuna and Sekandarpara near the cantonment area on 6 June 2007 and the death trolls reflect the fragile hill environment of the area.) iii) Brickfield and Air Pollution: Brick making operations in the interior as well as the northeastern fringe of the hills is a serious environmental issue. These operations alter hill topography, and pollute the atmosphere. It is a threat to forest ecology and hill environment. iv) Flash Flooding and Water Logging: These phenomena are major environmental

concern. The worst affected area is the southeastern flat plain. The main causes are siltation due to hill erosion in the uplands, depressed marshy lands in the east and artificial obstacles. v) Ponds and Water Bodies: A large number of different sized water bodies mostly

adjacent to settled areas in the plain, exist. These are used for water supply and are part of the rural cultural setting. Some ponds are large and used by entire communities. Banks of these ponds are lined with trees and the whole setting enhances the environment. vi) Industrial Pollution: A small industrial area developed by CDA exists. Some

industries are located in narrow strips in the Oxygen junction and along the Hathazari road. Dyeing and tannery industries in these locations and the numerous poultry farms are a source of pollution. The effluences and solid waste from such establishments find their way into the Karnaphuli, the pollution level of which is now at an alarming level. Moreover, the effluences from the tanneries spill over adjacent agricultural fields and are a threat to agricultural output, fisheries and human health. 4.6.4 HIGHER LEVEL PLANNING a) Urban Development Plan 1995: The following issues, problems, opportunities and

required actions have been recognized in DPZ-06 in the Urban Development Plan, which is clarified through observation. Major Issues and Problems •

Many formal developments have been commenced but have not been completed-mainly through lack of a mechanism for forward planning and planned development.

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•

Environmental problems caused by hill cutting for creation of development sites, for mining of sand for building purposes and for extraction of clay for brick making. • Pollution caused by industries. • Ribbon development and market centres along the Hathazari road causing traffic congestion and hazard. Opportunities • Proximity to the existing urban area • Part of the area has been identified in the Structure Plan as one of three preferred locations for peripheral expansion • New east-west road link proposed in the Structure Plan to ‘open up’ the area for development Actions Required • Identify and establish a mechanism to enable the area to be developed in a timely and coordinated manner prior to haphazard intervention. • Redefine the eastern boundary of the proposed regional park and maintain it as the western boundary of development. • Implement the transport proposals of the Long Term Development Strategy • Encourage the full development of the Industrial Area • Control emission of pollutants and provide effective solid waste and liquid effluent disposal. The above actions should be considered as a priority. Relocation of polluting industries should be considered if effluent treatment and water management can not be ensured. b) Storm Water and Drainage Master Plan CMMP 1995: The DPZ 06 covers part of

Drainage Area No. 7 and Drainage Area No. 9 of the Drainage Master Plan. The prime proposals given for the areas are khal rehabilitation, new secondary and silt trap. c) Long Term Strategy for Traffic and Transportation Master Plan CMMP 1995:

Major long-term proposal is to construct east–west-connecting road from Oxygen to Quaish. 4.6.5 DETAILED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

The following development proposals have been shown in Figure no 4.12. Improving drainage, protecting, improving and enhancing the hilly environment, protecting the Halda River, and protecting the haphazardly developing fringe areas will be a major challenge for the Zone. The aim would be to introduce a forward planning practice. Plot boundary readjustment, guided land development techniques should be used widely to promote development. Original landowners will be a partner to development or will be rehabilitated within the areas in most cases. Land acquisition led development will be resorted to only where absolutely necessary (Refer to Chapter 5) Existing agricultural use will be retained and protected until planned growth can be ensured. Haphazard and sporadic subdivision of agricultural and vacant land for development purposes and ribbon development along existing and new roads will be strictly controlled. No new road should be considered without protecting controls and identifying planned uses and access on both sides of the road.

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a) Residential (Housing)

In planning and developing these areas, the Authority will provide guidance and assistance for guided planned development of the sporadically developed rural and semi urban settlements primarily for residential purposes with all supporting urban amenities and public open spaces, play grounds and parks. Limited commercial use for offices and shopping will be permitted in 4-5 % areas. No industrial use will be permitted. Off and on site planned employment areas will be permitted in low and middle-income areas. Sub areas may be classified for the various income groups such as: i) HI, ii) HI and MI iii) MI and LI iv) LI and v) all three groups R-06-01: Three areas may be reserved for new residential area development with for all three groups with emphasis to the LI and MI group. Authority will decide the number of units. The distribution will be LI 50%, MI 40% and 10% HI. Minimum and row housing will be permitted. A combination of land acquisition and land readjustment technique may be used to create flood storage ponds, parks and open spaces (7-10% area) and limited commercial sites (max. 10%) to recoup costs. Planned provisions will be made for the existing settlements on the northern edge. Both have khals going through the area, which will be extended as lakes, and leisure areas. Policies H3, H3.1, H3.2, H4.2, H4, 4, H6a (Chapter-2) and Guidance Notes -10, 11, 12 (Annex-2) will apply.

Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / NHA / Private sector companies / NGO's/ Local residents / local representatives R-06-02: Three sites may be designated for low-income housing and ancillary uses.

Need for employment facilities and protection of the environment has to be considered. . Policies H 3, ECN 11, ECN 11.1 (Chapter-2) and other relevant and Guidance Notes 01, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 (Annex-2) will apply. R-06-03: Six sites may be designated for MI and LI housing and ancillary uses. Need

for employment facilities and protection of the environment has to be considered. R-06-04: Three sites may be designated for HI 40% and MI 60% planned housing.

Authority will decide the number of units on assessment of future requirement. There will be a range of unit sizes. Large cluster of water bodies will be retained (with or without modification to create larger connected bodies). These are mandatory requirement for environmental protection, economy and leisure. A defined lake will be created. The actual position and volume of the lake will be determined on detailed survey of and water management requirements. The development aim should be to create self-sustained communities with adequate urban amenities and facilities H3, H3.1, H4.2, H4.3, H4.4, H6a, RO 1, RO 2, RO 3.1, RO 3.4, RO 3.5, RO 3.8, CH 2.3 (Chapter-2) Guidance Notes 01, 05, 06, ( as relevant), 10, 11, 12 (Annex-2) will apply

Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / NHA / Private sector companies / NGO's/ Local residents / local representatives R-06-05: Three sites may be designated for the high-income group. High standard of

aesthetics, play grounds and open space provision and urban amenities will be ensured. Policies H3, H3.1, H3.2, RO 1, RO 3.1, RO 3.2, RO 3.4, RO 3.5, CH 2.3 (Chapter-2) and Guidance Notes 05, 06, 10,1,12 (Annex-2) will apply.

Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / NHA / Private sector / land owners

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Figure 4.12: Proposed Land use Plan of DPZ 06

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R-06-06: An area may be reserved for promoting tourism within the rural and semi

urban settings. The Authority will guide existing traditional settlements with adequate access and greenery, fruit orchards, vegetable fields to a high degree of aesthetic standard. Village craft centre, snake farms, fields for local seasonal fairs, kite flying etc will be incorporated. Selected water bodies will be retained and enhanced. No vertical extension or industrial use will be permitted. Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / BPC / Private sector / Local landowners R-06-07: A linear area immediate east of the Northern Hills consisting of the lower

hilly slopes, hillocks and plains may be developed in phases in a comprehensive manner starting from the south. The hill will be retained as ecological areas with trails and wooded as recreational open space areas. The area can be developed as a very low-density township for all income groups. The high-income group could occupy the upper hilly area, with single and dual family houses of up to three stories and only 10% ground coverage. The lower areas could be allocated for MI (70%) and low income (30%) and maximum height is 4 stories and maximum coverage is 30%. Generous reservations will be made for community and urban facilities and leisure and recreation areas. Industrial: In undertaking any industrial development environmental considerations must be considered and easy transportation and housing for workers.

b)

In-06-01: An area opposite the Amin jute mill area has some industries. These may be

further developed as a mixed industrial area including warehousing and transport related use. Adequate proper access and environmental protection should be ensured. Existing settlements may be guided to achieve adequate access and provide urban amenities and open spaces Policies ECN 11.5, ECN 4.4, ECN 11 (all sections) (Chapter 2), Guidance Notes all sections of 7 and 8 (Annex-2) will apply.

Implementing Agency: CDA /CCC / BSCIC/ Private sector companies / landowners / local representatives In-06-02: Environmental conditions of the existing industries, (tannery) have to be

improved. It should be mandatory to stop the establishments from polluting nearby water channels and fields and relocate them to a suitable location where environmental protection is ensured. The surrounding vacant plots need full utilization. Small-scale manufacturing and processing industries may be permitted. The northern part of the Nasirabad I/A is inefficiently developed as in the other section. Sufficient setback, entry setback, trees and environmental protection has to be ensured by the respective Authorities. Policies ECN 04, ECN 4.2, ECN 4.3, ECN 4.4 (Chapter 2), and Guidance Notes 7 (Annex-2) sections as relevant

Implementing Agency: CDA /CCC / BSCIC/ other govt./Private sector companies/ landowners/ In-06-03: Taking into account the demand of employment and industry, a Garments

Village. The rail service may provide cheap transportation. Implementing Agency: Relevant Govt/ BCSIS /private sector / landowners In-06-04: Small and Cottage industry development may be permitted in an area on the east. The existing landowners will be guided towards planned growth in designated areas. Adequate access, open space and environmental protection will be ensured.

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In-06-05: An area on the foothills on the north may be retained as brick manufacturing

area. Substantial brick making operations currently exists. To protect and reduce surrounding areas from air borne pollution a tree plantation buffer (minimum 50') has to be developed all along the larger site and between the fields and the existing settlements. This has to be done by a consortium of brick manufacturers, as a condition to continue this process. Hill cutting for brick making will not be permitted in this zone. Implementing Agency: CDA /CCC / government /Private Brick manufacturers / landowners c) Commercial: Com-06-01: The Authority will provide guidance to develop the triangular site at the

cross roads into a planned commercial area. The two water bodies have to be retained and developed as an urban open space (with seats. landscaping). Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / Other Relevant Govt. / Private sector companies / private land owner/s Com-06-02: An area east of the Hathazari road and north of the khal can be developed

as a planned mixed use area. Some 10 acres may be reserved for a community focal tower with other administrative and community facilities surrounded by a large green area. Implementing Agency: Govt/ CDA/ CCC / private sector companies / private land owners d) Mixed Use MU-06-01/ MU-06-02: The Authority will provide guidance to upgrade two areas

between the railway and Hathazari road into a mixed use area incorporating housing for all classes. Environmental and access conditions will be improved and open spaces created. Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / Private sector/ land owners e) Drainage: Following Drainage Master Plan 1995, it is evident that Detailed

Planning Zone -6 (DPZ-06) covers part of Drainage Area No. 7 and Drainage Area No. 9. Whole area of DPZ 06 is covered by Drainage Master Plan Proposals. DAP study has also identified some additional drainage works to be done for DPZ 6. Drainage Master Plan Proposals for the area include: 1. Rehabilitation of Shital Jharna Khal. 2. One secondary new khal near to Rupnagar Residential area and opposite of rail line in Panchlaish Ward. 3. 1 silt trap in appropriate location along Shital Jharna Khal near to Oxygen round about. All the above proposals are identified in the DPZ – 06, land use plan (Figure no 4.12). DAP proposals: 1. Rehabilitation of 4 khals with a total length of about 11 km in Ward 01 namely Balukhali khal, khal along Mahmudabad road, Akuti Jharna khal and Khandakia khal (part). 2. Retaining and preservation of 180 ponds of 0.5 acres and above. The accumulated size of these existing ponds to be preserved equal to approximately 191 acres. These ponds are identified in figure 4.12.

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3. A total of 13 flood storage ponds with an accumulated size of 130 acres. Their locations are shown in figure 4.12. 4. Three interceptor khals, as shown in figure 4.12, with an accumulated size of 55 acres are proposed. 5. Following drainage-guiding principles/guidelines C at page 3-3 remaining drainage networks is proposed and identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.12. 6. Where not shown specifically in the land use map, Drainage Guiding Principles/Guidelines will apply. f) Transportation: In order to develop a proper road network to serve this zone, it is

important to provide a major primary north-south road west of Hathazari Road. In addition, all the major access roads need to be widened to play the role of secondary roads. The details are indicated below: f1. Proposed New Roads: A new primary road of ROW 100 ft. is proposed in north-

south direction on the western part of this zone, parallel to Hathazari Road, from Vatiary Road to Chittagong University. A number of new secondary road links of 40, 60ft ROW from Hathazari road to the west up the hill are also proposed. f2. Proposed Widening of Roads: To improve traffic circulation within this zone, it is

important to develop some sort of network. To this end, a number of roads are proposed for widening, so that they could play the role of secondary roads. Please see the Figure 4.12 for details. g) Community Facilities Comm-06-01: An area between the rail track and the road may accommodate large health

care facility, shopping facility (grocery and provisions, construction items etc) in a planned setting with large-scale parking and open spaces. A large gap (min. 100’) has to be retained between structures to retain visual link with hills in the backdrop. Implementing Agency: companies

CDA/Government Health Department / CCC / private sector

Comm-06-02: Two sites one each on the two sides of the Hathazari may be considered

as an educational site. Residential high schools, university, and other such training facility may be established. Implementing Agency: CDA/ CCC / Private sector Comm-06-03/ RO-06-02: An area along the proposed road may be reserved for a park

and museum site. A science museum, natural history museum, exhibition area may be developed. 3- 5% area may be designated to hawkers within the park in a planned manner. Implementing Agency: CCC / CDA/ private sector companies Comm-06-04: Reservations may be made for a sport facility development. Existing

landowners will be planned and some land released through compulsory acquisition and land sharing techniques. Comm-06-05: The science research centre should be fully utilized. Limited visitor

facility may be introduced. Implementing Agency: CDA/Relevant Government department

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h) Leisure, Recreation, Parks and Open Spaces: RO-06-01: The northern part of the proposed Regional Park falls in this zone. This is

marked on the plan and is to be separated from the adjacent area on the east by a 100m vegetation strip. No construction other than those associated with a regional park such as trails, lakes and water bodies, camping grounds, nature walks, viewing towers, botanical gardens will be permitted in this special park area. An abandoned brick field within this area marked in plan may be converted into a landscaped garden with lake and other visitor facilities and leisure activities. Implementing Agency: CCC / CDA/ Forest Department / private sector R-06-02: An area along the proposed road may be reserved for a park and museum on 3 -5 % of site area. Designated spaces for hawkers within the park in a planned manner may be created. R-06-03: An area near natural khal and proposed road may be retained as water based

recreational facility. Adequate parking, dropping, ticketing areas have to be ensured. Public toilets have to be provided at appropriate locations. Implementing Agency: CCC / CDA/ private sector companies /private landowners R-06-04/RO-06-05: Two linear area along the khal on the northern limit will be

reserved as forested land defining the edge of the city and the edge of this Zone. Other permitted use will be agriculture. Existing settlements will be retained. New residential development will be discouraged. Road front mixed use will be allowed with adequate control of the regional highway. Direct access to individual sites will not be permitted. i) Utility Services Ut-06-01: The present DAP study recommends that the responsible agencies for the

provision of utility services, will prepare their own detailed plan in respective fields. j) Culture and Heritage i) Conservation of Historic and cultural sites: The following building and sites may be

protected from demolition and disfigurement, or identified and listed and enhanced as conservation sites. The government should develop access to these sites and efforts should be taken to undertake appropriate development to promote them as tourist sites. • Nandir hat Mandir and Zamindar Bari. The Authority will initiate a process for the conservation and enhancement of the historic Mandir and residence of SK Shaha and facilitate it as a place of visitor interest. • Jalalabad Hills (site of battle in Quit India Movement 1931-34) • Historic Tanks and Water bodies. • Shahdur Pahar north of the Cantonment Implementing Agency: CDA /CCC / Landowner k) Agriculture A-06-01: All existing agricultural use will be retained and protected until planned

growth can be ensured in sub areas of the Zone. Implementing Agency: CDA / CCC / Landowners

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3.6.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT

Massive hill cutting, land slides, brick making operation, industrial pollution (water), flash flooding and water logging and retention of ponds and water bodies are the major considerations in the future development activities of this planning Zone. As major parts of the area is rural in character and not yet urbanized, and other hilly areas have been degraded, it is necessary to develop the area with greater consideration to environment friendly development planning. Some guiding principles are as follows: En-06-01: The Authority will ensure protection and enhancement of Hilly ecology. No

hill cutting and forest clearing shall be allowed in the existing hilly areas. The Authority should ensure removal and relocation of all brickfields from the hills and hill fringe areas. These should be relocated at least 500m far away from the foot of hills. The hills shall be classified as: H0: Special Park Zone No development unless those specified for park use. H1: No hill cutting and limited single use development occupying 10% of land area. Tree and plantation cover in remaining area. H2: Restoration of green ecology and limited development in a planned and environmentally sustainable manner is recommended. En-06-02: The Authority will ensure rehabilitation and bank line demarcation of all major khals. Along the bank line there should be a buffer zone of green belt, up to 100 ft wide on both sides. However, for Shital Jharna and Khandakia khals, the green belt can be much wider, and where possible small patches of forested areas along the backline should be generated. En-06-03: To avoid conflicts to delineate the boundary between the Regional Park and adjoining lands, a 100m-forest buffer zone along the eastern edge of the hills is recommended. From Oxygen junction to BCSIR the green belt can be extended up to the rail track. Similarly green buffer zones of varying width are recommended along all major roads and railways. Generating a special forest buffer zone of up to 200 m width can also delineate the western boundary of the cantonment area. En-06-04: All the water bodies and ponds of 0.5 acres and above must be preserved under the guidelines of water body preservation (Refer drainage section) Special projects may be undertaken to improve the quality of some of the big historical ponds. Measures should be taken to establish one or more swimming training school for school and college going students (girls and boys) in some ponds. En-06-05: The Authority will ensure environmental enhancement of the growth areas, in the plains on the east of the hill ranges. A lake of about 1.5 km long and 100m widths is proposed in this area. This lake would also be an attraction for leisure and tourism. En-06-06: Considering the needs for brick supply in the city, these may function in an area on the north of the Zone. However, the Authority will ensure that all brickfields operate following the brickfield and environmental Rules. A green buffer of minimum of 100' must be planted surrounding the brickfields. The Authority must ensure such provisions. This must be a condition of lease. The Authority for brick making operations must prepare a manual. En-06-07: The tanneries are a major source of water and soil pollution. Considering the environmental impact, it in unsuitable to locate these industries in and around residential areas. It is thus proposed to relocate all such industries (tannery and dying) to the industrial belt.

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4.7 DPZ-07: SILIMPUR-KUMIRA 4.7.1 EXISTING SITUATION

a) Location and Administrative Boundary: DPZ-07 is on the northwestern edge of

the planning area. DPZ-07 consists of flat plains meeting the Bay of Bengal on the west and the hilly region on the east. It covers an area of 25,437 acres. To the west side, its boundary is the Bay of Bengal and to the east side, its boundary is the Hathazari hilly region and Bayzid Bostami area and to the south side, its boundary is the Pahartali Thana. The whole of the area covered by this DPZ lies within Sitakunda and Hathazari Thana and comprises 6 Unions and Kumira growth centre. b) Population: As per the BBS census 2001, the population of this zone was 156920

According to the trend of the population projection the total population is estimated to be 206752 in 2015. Density of the DPZ-07 will rise from 8 persons/acre in 2001 to 11 person/acre in 2015. c) Land ownership: Most of the land within the area is under private ownership. A

significant size of land is under public control as for examples educational institutions. Most of the dwellers have their own private land and they live in their private houses. d) Socio-Economic Condition: The DPZ-07 comprises outside of the Chittagong

City Corporation Area and its environs, which is vastly rural in character. The DPZ 07 area comprises one growth centres (Kumira) and a number of Unions. It is found that approximately 28.34% of the residents have completed the primary education level and 25.50% have completed the secondary level education. (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March 2007) There are five types of structures in the DPZ-07 area such as pucca, semi-pucca, Katcha, Tinshed and Jhupri. Most part of DPZ-07 is rural in character where Katcha, and Tinshed structures are dominating feature. (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March 2007) In order to understand the pattern of household employment and investment activities as well as sectoral contribution to the economy of DPZ 07, it needs to present an overall profile of economic activities mainly in the industrial sector and agricultural sector. Agriculture as a whole including crops, livestock and poultry and fish cultivation, accounts for around 12.44%; there are about 12.67% day labour and around 8.69% are employed in informal activities (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March, 2007) According to the Socio-economic survey report of the DAP project 2007, business, trade and agricultural goods are the dominant sources of household monthly income accounting for around 46.91% of the total household monthly income. Income from wages and salaried job accounts for around 27.32%, cottage industry and professional services accounts for around 0.65%, agriculture as a whole, including crops, livestock and poultry and fish cultivation, accounts for around only 12.45%. 4.7.2 EXISTING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS:

In accordance with field survey 2005-2006, the study area seems an admixture of a variety of land uses of rural character. Broadly, the areas, served by good road facilities have experienced spatial growth of rural character comprising housing, commerce, industries, institutions, and services. The inaccessible remote areas away

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from major roads have remained with their original rural character comprising homestead, farmland, fellow land and areas of water bodies. The existing land use features of the DPZ-07 are shown in the following table. Table 4.7: Existing Land Use Features of the DPZ-07 Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Types of use Agriculture and Fisheries Commercial Activity Education and Research Hilly land Manufacturing & Processing Miscellaneous Mixed Use Office Use Open/Community Space Residential Restricted Service Facilities Transport & Community Vacant Land Sea Beach Water Body TOTAL

Area (acre) 856 52 7 8996 516 31 5 1 88 416 843 4 345 3951 4358 2176 25,546

% 3.76% 0.23% 0.03% 39.53% 2.27% 0.14% 0.02% 0.01% 0.38% 1.83% 3.71% 0.02% 1.51% 17.37% 19.63% 9.56% 100%

Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007 From the land use survey it is observed that the present dominant land uses of the study area are hilly area, vacant land and sea beach. Other dominant lands are water body, agriculture and fisheries and industrial. The total area of the land uses is 25,546.02 acres. Hilly land covers 39.53% while 17.37% land is vacant and 17.37% land is sea beach area and 9.56% water bodies (Rivers, Khals and Ponds). Figure 4.13 shows the existing land use of DPZ-07. a) Residential: Residential land covers an area of 416.26 acres or 1.83% of the DPZ

07 area. The survey results indicate that residential category is not the major dominated land use in the DPZ-07 area. There are 25854 dwellings in this area, of which 11.00% pucca, 19.94% semi pucca, 65.65% tinshed and 17.39% katcha. b) Industrial: The area covered by the DPZ-07, a significant number of industries have been developed between the rail line and Dhaka Trunk Road, as for example General Manufacturing Plant, metal industry, textile and garments, different types of factory, food silos, jute mill, and soap industries. There are also 137 poultry farm found in the DPZ-07. A large amount of land 516.29 acres or 2.27% of the total DPZ 07 area is covered by this category. c) Commercial: There are a large number of retail shops, bazaars and wholesale shops as well as ribbon commercial developments along the major road in this area. This zone is famous for ship breaking material shops. Some portion of land 52.31 acres or 0.23% of the total DPZ 07 area is covered by this category d) Mixed use: Mixed land use area may consist of residential with commercial or commercial with residential use. However, other admixture of diverse land uses is also found. Around 4.58 acres or 0.02% of the total DPZ-07 area is covered by this category.

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Figure 4.13: Existing Land use Map of DPZ-07

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e) Topography and Drainage: In DPZ-07, some areas are geologically flat and a

large portion is hilly area. West side of the area covers flood plain land along the Bay of Bengal. Consequently, this portion of the study area is flood prone and water remains for a few weeks during the rainy season. East side of the area covers the hilly region and the area has a risk of landslides. Some khals and branches, which cross the area, are important natural drainage courses. Finally all the khals fall into the Bay of Bengal. In addition to the khal a significant number of ponds work as storm water reservoir during the monsoon period. The western area is susceptible to cyclonic surges therefore largely unsuitable for general urban use. f) Transport: There are various types of roads with different widths in this area. The present study finds a total of 345 acres (1.5% of total area) for road use. An analysis of the circulation pattern shows that there is only one primary road named Dhaka Trunk Road in this planning zone. No prominent secondary or tertiary roads are available here. There are some access roads, which are connected to Dhaka Trunk Road only. The existing roads do not form any network for efficient circulation within the zone. g) Restricted Area: This category consists of different restricted areas under the defense service installations such as Bangladesh Military Academy including their residential area, Naval Base and headquarters including their residential areas and BDR camp as well as Fauzdarhat Cadet College. It also includes the Chittagong Port Installations. A total of about 843.126 acres of land are in restricted area. Out of that, 390.076 acres land are restricted by Bangladesh Military Academy, 165.282 acres by Naval Base and 287.768 acres by Fauzdarhat Cadet College. h) Community facilities: Most of community facilities are concentrated where many people live and gather. This land use includes educational institutions, hospital/ clinic/dispensary, park & playground, post office, police station, fire station, town hall, all kinds of assembly hall, prayer halls including mosque, temple, church, pagoda, community centre, mazar, graveyards, cemetery, religious sites etc. It accounts for approximately 87.58 acres or 0.38% within the DPZ-07. Table 4.8: Existing community facilities of the DPZ-07 Community Facilities Police Box Post office Hospital Clinic Market Bank Community Centre/Club house Graveyard Mosque Temple Mazar/Dargah Primary school Secondary school College NGO school Madrasa Park Playground

Existing Features (Unit/No) 1 1 2 15 22 7 12 107 174 56 12 74 22 3 8 19 --6

Area in acre 0.051 0.035 0.525 1.255 4.235 0.525 0.725 16.525 19.252 4.625 0.525 9.1828 5.254 1.262 0.0262 1.169 --4.231

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Community Facilities Corner shop Water pump house/Water reservoir Signal house/Cyclone centre Petrol pump Total

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Existing Features (Unit/No) 826 13 2 3 1387

Area in acre 14.319 0.241 0.322 0.52 87.579

Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007 i) Utility services: The supply network in the served area is not comprehensive. There are various sources of water supply in DPZ-07. And household owned tube well is predominant. A considerable number of households depend on community tube well for safe drinking water. Slum areas generally have little or no piped water supply. The major sources of water supply come from shallow tube wells or open ponds. These supplies are often polluted and unclean. There is no piped sewerage system in Chittagong. Some buildings have septic tanks but the majority of sewage is flushed directly to khals or deposited in open latrines. There is no proper solid waste management system in this area. People dump waste indiscriminately along the roadside; drain, pond and canal that pollute water body. Such unsanitary condition may lead widespread pollution, which causes health hazard. Supplies of gas and electricity are available to all developed parts of the area, particularly in the industrial areas. Some poor households cannot bring gas line due to financial inability rather they cook food in traditional mud made oven. j) Agriculture: This category includes all types of agricultural uses like paddy field, cropland, grazing land, orchard, horticulture, fisheries, nursery, farm land, poultry, cattle farm etc. It comprises about 856.13 acres or 3.76% land of the total DPZ 07. Irrigation water is comprehensively utilized for cultivation. Approximately 137 poultry farms and a certain number of fisheries play a pivotal role in local economy of the DPZ-07. k) Vacant land & Char land: Unused or vacant land is an important feature of the planning area. This category includes land with no apparent use or unused land, lowlying areas, char land including the sea beach land etc. This area has a land (vacant/char) of about 8418 acres (37% of the DPZ-07); of which a little portion agricultural land has transformed into non-agricultural land through selling from farmers to non-farmers.

4.7.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: Water body is the major environmental issues in the DPZ-07 area. The water bodies are spread all over the DPZ-07. Water bodies like pond, khal, ditch etc. encompass almost 2176.45 acres or 9.56% of the DPZ-07 area as shown in the Table 4.7. A lot of small hilly regions are present in the DPZ-07 area and covers 8996.09 acres or 39.53% of the total DPZ-07’s land 4.7.4 HIGHER LEVEL PLANNING:

a) Structure plan 1995: Structure plan has identified Sitakunda Thana as one of the

future industrial expansion areas taking into account various policies on population, economy, spatial development opportunity, community facilities, transportation, infrastructure services, flood and drainage, urban land development, environment and prestige projects

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b) Urban Development Plan 1995: The following issues, problems, opportunities

and required actions have been recognized at zone 07 areas, which are clarified through observation. Major issues and problems ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

Susceptibility to cyclonic surges near the coast. Susceptibility to seasonal flooding from the Bay of Bengal. Haphazard development of urban fringe areas. Presence of slum and squatter areas. Presence of vacant or underutilized industrial sites. Ribbon development along the Dhaka Trunk Road.

Opportunities ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

Availability of gently sloping, easily serviced land adjacent to the coast. Accessibility to good highway communications with the rest of the country. Protection from cyclonic surges to be provided by construction of new coastal. embankment in part of area to replace that damaged in the 1991 cyclone. Lightly developed or underdeveloped hills in the area.

Actions Required ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

ƒ

Reduce the number of accesses onto Dhaka Trunk Road. Stop new urban development west of Dhaka Trunk Road in the area not protected by the new coastal embankment. Provide service roads to serve areas of development to the east of the Dhaka Trunk Road. Encourage the full development of the Fouzderhat Industrial Area. Limit new development west of railway line but protected by the new coastal embankment to non-urban uses. Identify and address environmental problems caused by ship-breaking operations. Redefine the western boundary of the proposed regional park and maintain this as the eastern boundary of development in the area. Encourage the organized development of the areas protected by the embankment which lie to the east of railway, by meeting their priority needs in association with the local community. Implement coastal afforestation schemes in association with the new coastal embankment.

Priority Actions Required by Area ƒ

ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

Stop unplanned ribbon development along the Dhaka Trunk Road particularly in the areas subject to cyclonic surges (i.e. west of the Dhaka Trunk Road and the coastal railway line). Identify alignments of service roads to serve areas of development to the east of the Dhaka Trunk Road and make provision for their implementation. Identify an alignment for the proposed east-west line and adopt a reservation for it Encourage the full development of the Fouzderhat Industrial Area. Implement coastal afforestation schemes in association with the new coastal embankment.

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c) Storm Water and Drainage Master Plan CMMP, 1995

The DPZ-07 encompasses part of drainage area no. 4b as well as drainage no. 10 of the drainage master plan 1995. Major proposals of drainage master plan for this zone are khal rehabilitation, tidal regulator and flood defense d) Long Tern Strategy for Traffic and Transportation Master Plan, 1995

The prime proposal of this Master Pan for DPZ-07 is north-south connection road. 4.7.5 DETAILED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS:

The following development proposals have been shown in Figure no 4.14. As a large-scale peripheral expansion of the area, we recommend that the area covered by the Detailed Plan should contain a wide use of industrial and agriculture and fisheries related use. Taking into consider all the demand for different activity, the present study of DAP recommends some proposals on around 25437, acres land in the DAP-07. These are shown at Table 4.09 and discussed in turn below: Table 4.09: Proposed land use features of the DAP-07 Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 3.

Types of use Industry related use cum residential Reserved hill Development after make the embankment No development zone Afforestation TOTAL Source: Prepared by the Consultants, 2006-2007

Area (acre) 2488 12552 4317 5347 732 25437

% 10.51% 45.29% 18.24% 22.59% 3.09% 100%

a) Residential (Housing) & Ancillary: Due to the land scarcity, Chittagong city is now

extending to its urban fringe areas and Sitakunda Thana is the urban fringe area. Day by day industries are being developed here and because of people are coming to live in this area. Consequently, haphazard growths of residential areas have been developed here. Under the present study of Detailed Area Plan for zone 07, an attempt is taken to identify the proper location of future housing development for the workers with some guidelines. Here it is mentionable that almost land of these areas are flat, so before taking any housing project land development is necessary as it demands in different parts of the study area. The private sectors are welcome to make the low-cost housing schemes for the industrial worker. The government has initiated housing schemes around the hilly area for the poor and sufferer people but it is not close to the hill. No development will be allowed within 100 yards from the foothills. b) Industrial: In the study it is observed that many industrial activities are already exists to the west side of the hilly area and this area is suitable for industrial development and finally, this area is recommended as industrial or industry related use but it will not be close to the hill. No such activities will be approved within the 100 yards from the foothills. c) Commercial: As future industrialization will take place in zone 07 areas, lots of

commercial activities will be needed to support this area. Considering this demand some right places have been recognized for commercial and mixed uses in various parts of DPZ-07

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d) Drainage: In accordance with the ‘Storm Water Drainage and Flood Control Master

Plan – 1995’, DPZ-07 falls partly in the Drainage Area No. 4b (Western coastal plain) and the Area No. 10 (Along the Dhaka Trunk Road & the rail line) of the Drainage Master Plan. About 1/3rd area of DPZ-07 is covered by Drainage Master Plan proposals. For the rest of the area, DAP study has identified the drainage works to be done. Drainage Master Plan Proposals for the area include: 1. Rehabilitation of Kalichara Khal is proposed. The location is identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure-4.14. 2. 4 regulators on khals flowing into the Bay of Bengal are proposed and the locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure-4.14. 3. Flood defense is proposed along the Bay of Bengal Coast. DAP proposals: 1. Rehabilitation of Akuti Jharna, Balu Chhara, Kumari Khal, Chiringa Khal, Kalirsora Khal, Lasni Khal, Kajari Choura Khal and Mitha Khal, having a total length of about 48.1 km. are proposed. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure-4.14. 2. Retaining and preservation of 286 ponds of 0.5 acres and above are proposed. The accumulated size of these existing ponds proposed to be preserved equal approximately 302 acres. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure-4.14. 3. 5 new regulators are proposed on khals flowing into the Bay of Bengal. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure-4.14. 4. 28 new flood storage ponds measuring about 417 acres are proposed. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure-4.14. 5. Following drainage-guiding principles/guidelines C at page 3-3 remaining drainage networks is proposed and identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.14. 6. Where not shown specifically in the land use map, drainage guiding principles/ guidelines will apply. e) Transportation: The long-term development strategy for traffic and transportation

contains one major road proposal, which will improve the accessibility and encourage the development of the zone. In addition, a number of major road links are proposed to open up the area for development. Figure 4.14 illustrates the proposed road network for the zone-07. The details are indicated below: Primary Roads (District Distributor Roads): A major north-south primary road is

proposed alongside the embankment on the coast of Bay of Bengal in line with JBIC recommendation. This would be a road having 120 ft ROW on an embankment ramp ROW of 200 ft. The alignment of this road will follow the track immediately behind the flood defenses and control of the storm water drainage indicated in the Flood Control Master Plan. A service lane has also been proposed along side this primary road, on the eastern side. Secondary Roads (Other Distributor Roads): Most of the access roads in this zone are in

poor shape. In order to provide accessibility, a number of roads have been proposed between Dhaka-Chittagong Trunk Road and the service lane alongside the new primary road-cum-embankment mentioned above. These link roads will have 40 ft ROW and will serve as secondary roads. On the south side of Sitakunda Thana, a local distributor road is proposed to be widened.

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Figure 4.14: Proposed Land use Map of DPZ-07

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f) Leisure, Recreational, Parks and Open Spaces: About 40% of the areas are hilly

and there are many khals around the hilly area but there is no sufficient facility for recreation activities in this area. For better mental and health improvement of the local people it is mandatory to provide land for different types of recreation activities like parks, boating, fishing etc. g) Utility Services Ut-07-01: The present DAP study recommends that the responsible agencies for the provision of utility services, will prepare their own detailed plan in respective fields.

h) Development of existing unplanned area: This area covers existing unplanned

residential areas, industrial areas and commercial areas. These areas can be redeveloped with different planning techniques like Land Readjustment, and Site and Services Scheme. All the unplanned commercial and residential areas can be redeveloped in future for healthy neighborhood environment i) Afforestation: A linear coastal afforestation programme has been proposed. This

afforestation programme may also incorporate other trees and bamboo for systemic felling for building purposes 4.7.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT:

Massive water logging, industrial pollution (water), lack of green belt, loss of water bodies such as ponds, khals and open spaces are the major considerations in the future development activities of this zone. Some of the guiding principles are as follows: 1. Protection of existing hilly areas: No hill cutting and forest clearing would be

allowed in the existing hilly areas. Such hill landscape should be preserved under the guideline of strategic open space area. 2. Green belt along khals: All major khals should be rehabilitated, and bank lines

marked and fixed. Along the bank line there should be a buffer zone of green belt as per guideline in Chapter-03. 3. Protection of water bodies: All the water bodies and pond must be preserved under the guidelines of water body preservation (Chapter-03). 4. Coastal Mangrove Forests: To reduce the deadly effect of cyclone and storm surges

and act as a shield a seaside mangrove green belt, extending from the embankment to low tide limit is recommended. There will be gaps (100m on both sides) of the natural khals and natural creeks. Implementing Agency: CDA/BWD / Forest Dept / CBOs/ NGOs 5. Green pathways: All along the natural khals and creeks a width of 100 ft. land will

be kept free from all development and turned into a green walkway. Implementing Agency: CDA/BWD /CCC/ Forest Dept / CBOs/ NGOs 6. Green Coastal Zones: To reduce further vulnerability due to surges, development of

a green corridor along the landward side of the coastal embankment by non-mangrove native species is recommended. A tree plantation zone of varying width is recommended on the landward side of the coastal embankment. Implementing Agency: CDA/BWD /CCC/ Forest Dept / CBOs/ NGOs

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4.8: DPZ-08: HATHAZARI-RAOZAN 4.8.1 EXISTING SITUATION

a) Location and Administrative Boundary: The Hathazari hilly region is on the

northern edge of the Chittagong District. DPZ-08 consists of the hilly region on the west and flat plains on the east. It covers an area of about 26,290 acres and lies immediately to the northern side of the Chittagong City Corporation area. To the west side, its boundary is the Sitakunda Thana and to the southwest side, its boundary is the Pahartali area and to the south side, its boundary is the Chandgaon Thana and to the east side, its boundary is the Rauzan Thana. The whole of the area covered by the Detailed Area Plan lies within Hathazari and Raozan Thana and comprises 13 Unions. The total area under this zone is 26,290 acres. b) Population: As per the BBS census 2001 the population of this zone was 215715

According to the population projection the total population is estimated to be 335295 in 2015. Density of this zone will rise from 11/acre in 2001 to 17/acre in 2015. c) Land ownership: General people of the area own most lands of this planning

zone. A certain amount of land is under public control as for example educational institutions. Most of the residents have their own private land and they live in their houses. d) Socio-Economic Condition: The DPZ-08 comprises outside of the Chittagong

City and its environs, which is vastly rural in character. The DPZ-08 area comprises two Upazilla Headquarters Hathazari & Rauzan and a number of unions including three growth centres or extended bazaars of Hathazari growth centre, Gahira Growth Centre and Rauzan growth centre. Educational status of the DPZ-08 area, it is found that about 29.34% have attained the primary level and 27.50% have completed the secondary level education. Secondary level education has defined as the interim period between after primary to before SSC. (Source: Socio-economic survey report of DAP project in March, 2007) Structures in the DPZ-08 area fall into five main categories like pucca, semi-pucca, Katcha, Tinshed and Jhupri. In the DPZ-08, Katcha and Tinshed structure are dominating feature and this is because of the DPZ-08 are located in the mostly rural area. (Source: Socio-economic survey report of DAP project in March, 2007) In order to understand the pattern of household employment and investment activities as well as sectoral contribution to the economy of DPZ-08, it is necessary to present an overall profile of economic activities mainly in the industrial sector and agricultural sector. Agriculture as a whole including crops, livestock and poultry and fish cultivation, accounts for around 23.54%; there are about 15.67% day labour and around 4.69% are employed in informal activities (Source: Socio-economic survey report of DAP project in March, 2007) According to the Socio-economic survey report of the DAP project 2007, business, trade and agricultural goods are the dominant sources of household monthly income accounting for around 42.91% of the total household monthly income. Income from wages and salaried job accounts for around 27.32%, cottage industry and professional services accounts for around 0.85%, agriculture as a whole, including crops, livestock and poultry and fish cultivation, accounts for around only 17.45%.

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4.8.2 EXISTING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS:

According to the field survey 2005-2006, the study area exhibits an admixture of a variety of land uses of rural character. This area has been developed as spatial growth of rural character comprising housing, commerce, industries, institutions, and services. The remote areas not having good accessibility, far away from the major roads have remained with their original rural character comprising homestead, farmland, fellow land and areas of water bodies. The following table shows the existing land use features of the DPZ-08. Table 4.10: Existing land use features of DPZ-08 Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Types of use Agriculture and Fisheries Commercial Activity Education and Research Hilly land Manufacturing & Processing Miscellaneous Mixed Use Office Use Open/Community Space Residential Restricted Service Facilities Transport & Community Vacant Land Water Body TOTAL Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007

Area (acre) 15072 53 32 2656 162 75 12 8 82 1778 ---9 377 3680 2080 26290

% 57.25% 0.20% 0.12% 11.21% 0.62% 0.29% 0.05% 0.03% 0.48% 6.75% ---0.03% 1.43% 13.98% 7.90% 100%

In accordance with the land use survey it is seen that the present predominant land uses of the study area are agriculture, fisheries, hilly area and vacant land. Other important land uses are water body & residential use. Figure 4.15 shows the existing land use of the study area. a) Residential: Residential use comprises an area of 1777 acres or 6.75% of the total

area of DPZ-08. The survey result shows that residential use is the major portion amongst the different land uses of DPZ-08. A total of 48088 dwellings are in this area of which 18.77% pucca, 22.27% semi pucca, 4.39% tinshed and 54.57% katcha. b) Industrial: In this DPZ, many scale industries have been developed around the

hilly area as well as along the Hathazari Road that includes general manufacturing plant, garments, different types of factory and food silos etc. A land of 162 acres or 0.62% of the total DPZ-08 area is covered by industrial use. c) Commercial: There are some commercial activities seen in this DPZ such as retail shops, wholesale shops and other categories, which have been developed in ribbon shape along the major road. This category covers some 53 acres or 0.20% of the total DPZ-08’s area. d) Mixed use: Mixed land use area primly covers residential with commercial or

commercial with residential with office or admixture of all the three. In addition, other admixture of diverse land uses is also observed. Approximately 12 acres or 0.05% of the total DPZ-08 area is covered by this category.

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Figure 4.15: Existing Land use Map of DPZ-08

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e) Topography and Drainage: Some area is geologically flat as well as encompasses

a large number of Ponds, khals and agricultural land and some areas are geologically high with a large number of hills in the area. East side of the area covers flat area and consequently, this portion of the study area is flood prone and water remains for few weeks during the rainy season because of the hill storm water. West side of the area covers the hilly region. This part of the area is vulnerable to landslides. Some khals and branches, which cross the area, are important natural drainage courses. In addition to the khals a significant number of ponds work as storm water reservoir during the monsoon period. f) Transport: An analysis on the circulation pattern shows, there is no major arterial road network in this planning zone. Due to the less proportion of residential, industrial and mixed uses, a proper transport network has not yet been developed in DPZ-08. Tertiary and access roads available in the zone are also inadequate and very narrow. Again the existing roads do not make any circulation network system. This category covers an area of about 376.56 acres or 1.43% land of the total DPZ-08 land. g) Community Facilities: Community facilities cover all land uses where public

gathering mostly. This category of uses includes educational institutions, hospital/clinic/dispensary, park & playground, post office, police station, fire station, town hall, all kinds of assembly hall, prayer halls including mosque, temple, church, pagoda, community centre, mazaar, graveyards, cemetery, religious sites etc. It constitutes about 81.51 acres or 0.48% of the DPZ-08. Table 4.11: Existing community facilities of the DPZ 08 Community Facilities Police Box Post office Hospital Clinic Market Bank Cinema hall Community Centre/Club house Graveyard Mosque Temple Crematorium Mazar/Dargah Primary school Secondary school College NGO school Madrasa Park Playground Corner shop Water pump house/Water reservoir Signal house/Cyclone centre Petrol pump Total Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007

Existing Features (Unit/No) 1 1 2 15 22 7 1 12 107 174 56 1 12 74 22 3 8 19 --6 526 13 2 3 1087

Area in acre 0.05 0.04 0.53 1.26 4.24 0.53 2.52 0.73 16.53 19.25 4.63 0.25 0.53 9.18 5.25 1.26 0.026 1.17 --4.23 8.25 0.24 0.32 0.52 81.51

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h. Utility services: The water supply network is not sufficient in this planning area.

There are various sources of water supply found in the DPZ-08 area. Tube well is predominant source for drinking water supply. A certain number of households depend on community tube well for safe drinking water. Shallow tube wells or open ponds, are prime water source in the slum areas and these supply sources are often polluted and unclean. No piped sewerage system is seen in Chittagong. Some buildings have septic tanks but the majority of sewage is discharged directly to khals or deposited in open latrines. There is no proper solid waste management system in DPZ-08. Households dump waste indiscriminately along the roadside; drain, pond and khal that pollute water body. This unsanitary situation leads widespread pollution that causes tremendous health hazard. Cylinder Gas and electricity supply are available to all developed parts of the area. But a large number of poor households cannot have this opportunity because of less financial affordability rather than they cook food in traditional mud made oven. i) Agriculture: It comprises different types of agricultural uses such as paddy field,

cropland, grazing land, orchard, horticulture, fisheries, nursery, farmland, poultry, cattle farm etc., which combined accounts for around 15072.33 acres or 57.25% land of the total DPZ-08. About 137 poultry farms and a considerable number of fisheries play a great role in local economy of the DPZ 08 area. j) Vacant land & Char land: Vacant and unused lands are important characteristics of

this planning area. it comprises land with no apparent use or unused land, low-lying areas, char land etc. The vacant land constitutes about 3680.33 acres or 13.98% within the DPZ 08 area. A little portion of agricultural land is converted into non-agricultural use because of land selling from farmers to non-farmers. 4.8.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:

The major environmental concern in this DPZ area is water body. The water bodies like river, pond, khal, ditch spread all over the area that encompasses approximately 2080.43 acres or 7.90% of the DPZ-08 as shown Table 4.10. A lot of small hilly regions are remained in this area and it covers 2950.79 acres or 11.21% of the total DPZ. 4.8.4 HIGHER LEVEL PLANNING:

a) Structure Plan 1995: Structure plan has identified Hathazari Thana as one of the

future agricultural expansion areas of the DAP Area taking into consideration various policies on population, economy, spatial development opportunity, community facilities, transportation, infrastructure services, flood and drainage, urban land development, environment and prestige projects. According to the Structure Plan, 3growth centre were proposed in this zone namely Hathazari growth centre, Gahira growth centre and Raozan growth centre. b) Urban Development Plan 1995: The following issues, problems, opportunities

and required actions have been recognized at DPZ-08, which are clarified through observation.

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Major issues and problems ƒ

ƒ ƒ

ƒ ƒ

Many formal developments have been commenced in the area but have not been completed-mainly through lack of a mechanism for the planned development of the areas as a whole. Presence of slum and squatter areas. Environmental problems caused by hill cutting for creation of developable sites, for mining of sand for building purposes and for extraction of clay for brick making. Pollution caused by industries in the industrial area. Pollution caused by brick kilns.

Opportunities ƒ ƒ ƒ

Proximity to the existing urban area. Identified in the Structure Plan as one of three preferred locations for peripheral expansions. New east west and north-south road links proposed in the Structure Plan to “open up” the area for development.

Actions Required ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

Identify and establish a mechanism to enable the whole area to be developed in a timely and coordinated manner. Redefine the eastern boundary of the proposed regional park and maintain it as the western boundary of development in this area. Identify alignments for the proposed east-west and north-south links and adopt reservations for them. Implement the transport proposals of the Immediate Action Plan and the Long Term Development Strategy. Implement afforestation schemes in association with the hilly area.

Priority Actions Required by Area ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

Prepare a Detailed Plan for the whole area. This should concentrate on the mechanism required for its timely and coordinated development. Identify alignments for the proposed east-west and north-south lines and adopt reservations for them. Implement the transport proposals of the Immediate Action Plan and the Long Term Development Strategy. Implement afforestation Schemes in Association with the Hilly Area.

4.8.5 DETAILED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL:

As a large-scale peripheral expansion of the area, we recommend that the area covered by the Detailed Plan should contain a wide use of agriculture and fisheries related use and residential use. Taking into consider all the demand for different activity, the present study of DAP recommends around 26585 acres land in the DPZ08 area. The following table shows proposed land use of the DPZ-08:

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Table 4.12: Proposed land use features of the study area Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 4.

Types of use

Residential & Ancillary use Afforestation Reserved Hill Flood Storage pond & Reserved pond Agricultural use TOTAL Source: Prepared by the Consultants, 2007

Area (acre)

%

9787.00 532.52 2950.79 1241.00 12073.7 26585.00

36.81% 2.00% 11.10% 4.67% 45.42% 100%

a) Residential (Housing) & Ancillary: Due to the land scarcity, Chittagong city is now

extending to its urban fringe areas and Hathazari & Rauzan Thana are the urban fringe area. As a result, haphazard growths of residential areas are developed here. In the present study of DPZ 08, an initiative is taken to determine the proper location of future housing development and ancillary use for the people with some guidelines. It is indispensable to mention that almost land of these areas is flat. This is why, so before taking any housing project land development is necessary, as it requires demand in different parts of the study area. About 9787 acres lands are proposed for residential and ancillary use. The existing Chittagong University (CU) will remain here as educational institution, which is considered under the ancillary use. Hathazari union and Rauzan union are proposed for 1st category growth centre and Gahira are proposed for 3rd order growth centre. b) Drainage: Drainage Master Plan 1995 did not propose any specific measures to be

implemented to alleviate the drainage problem in the DPZ 08 area. The DAP study has identified the drainage works to be done for DPZ-08. DAP proposals: 1. Rehabilitation of Fotika Khal, Boalia Khal, Sarta Khal, Kochakali Khal, Dabua Khal, Belua Khal, Madari Khal, Dumgara Khal, Bazury Khal, Korkali Khal, Gour Ali Khal, Meghal Khal, Burali Khal, Mithachara Khal, Changkhali Khal, Gour Duara Khal, Pur Awlia Khal, Kerontali Khal, Buri Satta Khal and Titanaris Khal having a total length of about 171.54 km. are proposed. Their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan Figure 4.16 of DPZ 08. 2. Retaining and preservation of 461 ponds of 0.5 acres and above are proposed. The accumulated size of these existing ponds proposed to be preserved equal to approximately 364 acres. Their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan Figure 4.16 of DPZ 08. 3. 9 new flood storage ponds / flood plains measuring about 877 acres are proposed. Their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan Figure 4.16 of DPZ 08. 4. Following drainage guiding principles/guidelines C at page 3-3 remaining drainage network is proposed and identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.16 5. Where not shown specifically in the proposed land use plan map, drainage guiding principles/ guidelines will apply.

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Figure 4.16: Proposed Land use Plan of DPZ-08

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c) Transportation:

The long-term development strategy for traffic and transportation contains two major proposals, which will contribute in improving accessibility and encourage the development of DPZ-08. Figure 4.16 illustrates the proposed road network for the DPZ-08. The details are indicated below: Primary Roads (District Distributor Roads: It is proposed to widen the east-west Hathazari-Rangamati Road to have a ROW of 160 ft which will be the major primary road. In addition, the north-south Hathazari-Khagrachari Road is proposed to be widening having a ROW of 120 ft. Another new primary road having a ROW of 100 ft is proposed parallel to Chittagong –Hathazari Road, on the east side, at a distance of around 2 km. Secondary Roads (Other Distributor Roads): In order to improve the circulation within this DPZ, a number of secondary roads (other distributors) have been proposed. Three such secondary roads having ROW of 60 ft are proposed between Hathazari-Chittagong Road and the new proposed parallel north-south road. A few more secondary roads having ROW of 60 ft are proposed in north-south direction across the Hathazari-Rangamati Road. d) Agricultural land: Because of the fertile land, east side of the Hathazari growth

centre and Gahira growth centre are proposed for the agricultural land and for this, about 12074 acres of lands are reserved for agriculture use. e) Afforestation: A linear 200ft afforestation programme has been proposed along

the Halda River. This afforestation programme may also incorporate other trees and bamboo for systemic felling for building purposes. f) Reserved Hill: The hills within the DPZ-08 area have been designated as a part of the Strategic open space area and for this, almost 2951 acres hilly land of this zone are reserved for open space. 4.8.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT:

Massive water logging, industrial pollution (water), lack of green belt, loss of water bodies such as ponds, khals and open spaces are the major considerations in the future development activities of this zone. Some of the guiding principles are as follows: Protection of existing hill areas: No hill cutting and forest clearing would be allowed

in the existing hilly areas. Such hill landscape should be preserved under the guideline of strategic open space area. Green belt along khals: All major khals should be rehabilitated, and bank lines marked

and fixed. Along the bank line there should be a buffer zone of green belt as per drainage guiding principles in Chapter 3. Protection of water bodies: All the water bodies and pond must be preserved under the

guidelines of water body preservation (Chapter 3). Green pathways: All along the natural khals and creeks a width of 100 ft. land will be

kept free from all development and turned into a green walkway Implementing Agency: CDA/BWD /CCC/ Forest Dept / CBOs/ NGOs

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4.9: DPZ-09: KULGAON-HALDA 4.9.1 EXISTING SITUATION

a) Location and Administrative Boundary: This zone of about 7570 acres,

consisting of the Halda flood plains, is on the immediate north of the existing city and east of Hathazari road. The area holds potentials for planned future expansion of the city. The Halda forms part of the eastern boundary. The zone lies within Hathazari Thana and comprises of four unions. This area is one of the urban fringe areas, which is immediate close to the Chittagong City Corporation area. b) Population: As per the BBS census 2001 the population of the zone was 40,852.

According to the trend of the population projection the total population is estimated to be 78,276 in 2015. Density of the DPZ-09 will rise from 9/acre in 2001 to 11/acre in 2015. c) Land ownership: Most land in this zone is under private ownership. There are

some government educational facilities. d) Socio-Economic Condition: The zone is semi-urban in character. According to

socio economic survey, it is found that about 28.52% have attained the primary level and 26.53% have completed the secondary level education. (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March 2007) Structure in the DPZ-09 area fall into five main categories like pucca, semi-pucca, Katcha, Tinshed and Jhupri. Katcha and Tinshed structure dominate this zone. (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March 2007) Agriculture as a whole including crops, livestock, poultry and fish cultivation, accounts for around 28.54%; there are about 12.53% day labour and around 8.52% are employed in informal activities (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March, 2007). According to the socio-economic survey report of the DAP project 2007, business, trade and agricultural goods are the prime sources of household monthly income accounting for around 52.32% of the total household monthly income. Income from wages and salaried job accounts for around 23.52%, cottage industry and professional services accounts for around 0.65%, agriculture as a whole, including crops, livestock and poultry and fish cultivation, accounts for around only 13.45%. 4.9.2

EXISTING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS:

As ascertained through field survey 2005-2006, the study area exhibits an admixture of a variety of land uses of rural character. Some development has occurred along the main roads, while inaccessible remote areas have remained in their original rural character comprising homestead, farmland, fallow land and ponds. The Table below shows the existing land use features of the zone. It is evident from the table that agriculture and fisheries is the dominant use.

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Table 4.13: Existing land use features of DPZ-09 Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 .11. 12. 13. 14. 15. TOTAL

Types of use Agriculture and Fisheries Commercial Activity Education and Research Hilly land Manufacturing & Processing Miscellaneous Mixed Use Office Use Open/Community Space Residential Restricted Service Facilities Transport & Community Vacant Land Water Body

Area (acre) 3637 75 100 --35 31 25 4 34 2161 --4 190 174 1137 7570

% 42.87% 1.06% 1.40% --0.49% 0.43% 0.35% 0.06% 0.48% 26.27% --0.05% 2.67% 2.45% 15.98% 100%

Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007 a) Residential: Residential use occupies an area of 2161 acres or 26.37%. There are

(12796) dwellings in which 15.61% pucca, 9.56% semi pucca and 74.83% katcha. b) Industrial: Within the zone is some fishing industries developed along the Halda

River. These consist of salt crushing mills; saw mills, and rice mills. There are also 85 poultry farms in this zone. 34.87 acres or 0.49% of the total area is covered by this category. c) Commercial: Major land uses under this category are retail and wholesale

vegetable markets in a ribbon like development along the Hathazari road. Land occupied by bazaars and such shops comprise of 75.43 acres or 1.06% of the total DPZ 09 area. d) Mixed Use: Mixed land use area consists of some 24.91 acres or 0.35% of the total

DPZ 09 area. e) Topography and Drainage: The topography of this planning zone is almost flat

and has a very gentle slope towards the east and southeast. However, based on land form characteristics the area can be divided into at least two morphological units, which are alluvial plain in the east of Hathazari road and plain marshy land in the south east. The area is criss-crossed by a number of khals, of which some major khals are Akuti Jharna khal, Ghosal shah khal and Khandakia khal. These khals are the major way of storm water discharge, which finally meet into the Halda River f) Transport: An analysis of circulation pattern shows that there is no prominent

arterial road network in this planning zone. As the proportion of industrial and mixed uses is low and residential land uses are of rural character, transport network has not developed properly. Tertiary and access roads are also inadequate and very narrow. Again all of the existing roads do not form establish any circulation system. This category covers an area of about 189.99 acres or 2.67% land of the total DPZ 09 land.

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Figure 4.17: Existing Land use Map of DPZ-09

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g) Community facilities: Community facilities constitute about 34.26 acres or 0.48%

of the total DPZ-09. Table 4.14: Existing community facilities of the DPZ 09 Community Facilities Police Box Post office Hospital Clinic Market Bank Community Centre/Club house Graveyard Mosque Temple Mazar/Dargah Primary school Secondary school College NGO school Madrasa Playground Corner shop Water pump house/Water reservoir Signal house/Cyclone centre Petrol pump Total

Existing Features (Unit/No) 1 1 1 8 10 4 6 55 65 12 8 35 8 2 12 8 4 452 8 1 3 704

Area (in acre) 0.025 0.025 0.325 0.85 2.236 0.256 0.253 5.235 7.693 2.254 0.253 4.568 2.236 0.456 0.0262 0.856 2.236 3.389 0.242 0.322 0.52 34.26

Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007 h) Utility services: There is no piped water supply network. HH tube wells are the predominant source. The significant number HH depend on community tube well for safe drinking water. Ponds are also a source. Supply of gas and electricity are available in limited parts of the area. i) Agriculture: All agricultural fields, crop and grazing land including livestock

farms are included in this category. It constitutes about 3637 acres or 42.87% land of zone. Irrigation is extensively used for cultivation. Approximately 85 poultry farms and a certain number of fisheries play a great role in the local economy. Water bodies are widely spread in the zone and encompass almost 1137.22 acres or 15.98% of the area as shown in the Table 4.13. 4.9.4 HIGHER LEVEL PLANNING:

a) Structure Plan 1995: The Structure Plan has sector wise policies. Though this area

is not designated as an area for immediate development, considering the existence of the Hathazari road and the northward expansion potentials control on indiscriminate development of industries and land subdivisions of agricultural land must be secured. b) Urban Development Plan 1995: The Urban Development Plan has identified Kulgaon as one of the urban fringe areas that may be suitable location for future urban expansion.

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Major Problem:

•

Loss of agricultural land

Opportunities ƒ ƒ

Proximity to the existing urban area Easily developable land with minimum environmental consequences.

c) Storm Water and Drainage and Flood Control Master Plan 1995: The area has

not been covered by the Drainage Master Plan 1995. 4.9. 3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

The generalized land use pattern of this area is mostly rural in character, includes rural households and agricultural land. However, some environmental issues in this planning zone are: i) Ponds and Water bodies: The planning area is characterized by large number of

ponds and water bodies in the rural settlements, Two major segregation of ponds are; one along the eastern part of Hathazari road having about 950 ponds and other along the western side of Halda river bank having about 600 ponds. A buffer zone of vacant agricultural field remains in between. Some of the ponds, particularly along the roadside are very large and also historically important. ii) Water logging: Water logging is a serious environmental problem in this planning

area. Unlike the developed part of the city, this planning area is vulnerable to flooding due to heavy torrential rainfall. The major supply of such run-off is from the hilly areas in the west. The waterlogging problem becomes serious in the southeastern depressed part, due to its poor drainage quality. iii) Halda River front: Halda river is the only natural breeding ground of the local

carps (such as Ruhi, Katol, Mrigal and Kali Baous). Halda River offers a typical environment for such carps to breed during fist onset of monsoon. However, during the recent times, due to alteration of Halda bank-line geometry, particularly modification of shoreline bends; it has lead to a threat to this natural unique ecosystem. 4.9.5 DETAILED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS

The following development proposals have been shown in Figure no 4.18 The proposals are based on the fact that this zone has potentials for future planned growth of the city. Cyclone surges or massive flooding from the river does not affect it. However run off from the hills cause temporary flooding, which can be addressed. The Authority wills liaison with the relevant government department to ensure that indiscriminate subdivision of the agricultural land stopped. It will ensure that when the city needs to accommodate additional population, the area is available for development in a planned manner. Some areas may have to be acquired for major roads and lakes. Other areas will be developed with participation by original landowners. a) Residential (Housing): RI-09-01: A rectangular area bordering a proposed road may be developed as a HI and

MI residential area. A high school with or without residential facilities and other facilities such as a hospital may be incorporated within the development zone.

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Figure 4.18: Proposed Land use Map of DPZ-09

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RI-09-02: An area in close proximity to two proposed roads may be developed as MI

and LI planned residential area. RI-09-03: An area near the existing and proposed extension of industrial areas may be

used for LI and industrial workers housing. Other related uses will be incorporated as per needs. b) Industrial: In-09-01: An area near the existing industrial estate at Mohra and adjacent to the

Kaptai road, may be developed as a small-scale industrial area including warehousing facilities. In-09-02: An area east of the Kaptai Road may be developed as a new industrial area.

The specifics of the project will be decided on actual development. c) Commercial: Com-09-01: An area on the east of the Hathazari road on the immediate edge of the

city may be developed in a planned manner as a mixed use commercial area. The authority must ensure that adequate road reserves for local vehicular and pedestrian the uninterrupted movement of through traffic. Com-09-02: An area may be considered as a special commercial and business area.

This will be along a newly created lake. Com-09-03: South of the Special Commercial area an area may be developed as a

special shopping zone along with the Community Focal point and a transport interchange point. Com-09-04: An area in this central area may be developed as a hawkers market. This will consist of low-rise development within affordable level of investment. Com-09-05: An area on the Hathazari Road on the northern edge may be designated as

a wholesale vegetable market. Adequate measures have to be taken to provide parking and stalling spaces for trucks and other freight vehicles. Highway traffic must not be affected. A nearby transport parking facility is recommended. Com-09-06: An area east of the Hathazari road may be developed as a special zone for

establishing various governmental facilities and accommodation. d) Mixed Use MU-09-01: An area east of the Hathazari road and west of the new proposed NS road

may be used as a mixed-use area. Planned use of commercial and residential use with other community facilities may be incorporated as per needs of the time. e) Drainage: Major proposals are as follows:

i) A section of a new primary khal is proposed to link Khandakia Khal with Krishna Kumari Khal. The location of this new khal is shown in the proposed land use plan of Figure-4.18 ii) Rehabilitation of Bazury Khal, Water Board Khal, Kamaria Khal, Boalia Khal, Isamoti Khal, Hacheer Khal, Banya Khal, Khandakia Khal, Krishna Khali Khal, Ghoshal Sha Khal, Chikon Khal, Aluar Khal and Katakhali Khal having a total length of about 47.93 km. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.18. Khandakia khal has lost its track after Khandakia Hat. This khal is to be re excavated following R.S. record.

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iii) Retaining and preservation of 146 ponds of 0.5 acres and above are proposed. The accumulated size of these existing ponds proposed to be preserved equal approximately 124 acres. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.18 iv) Following drainage guiding principles/guidelines C at page 3-3 remaining drainage network is proposed and identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.18 v)Where not shown specifically in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.18, drainage guiding principles/guidelines will apply. f) Transportation: The long-term development strategy for traffic and transportation

contains some major proposals, which would contribute in enhancing accessibility as well as encourage development of DPZ-09. Figure 4.18 illustrates the proposed roads and those to be widened to form a road network in DPZ-09. The details are indicated below: Primary Roads (District Distributor Roads): It is proposed that the existing northsouth Chittagong-Hathazari Road to be widened to have a ROW of 120 ft. This is also a part of the major primary road network proposed under DAP. Another new 100 ft ROW road is proposed parallel to Hathazari Road approximately 2 km away on the east side towards the Anannya Residential Area. Secondary Roads (Other Distributor Roads : A good number of secondary roads (distributor road) proposed to be built new or widened to improve circulation within this zone as well as to promote future development. These roads will mostly have 60 ft ROW with a few of them having a ROW of 40 ft. These will provide both east-west and north-south links. Embankment-cum-Road: In order to promote future development of DPZ-09, an embankment is proposed to be built along the bank of Halda River. The ROW of the embankment would be 200 ft. g) Community Facilities: Comm-09-01: An area in the vicinity of the community focal point may be developed

as a community centre and high schools. Comm-09-02: A leisure recreation and cultural area may be developed surrounding a

lake and other community areas. Comm-09-03: An area on the north adjacent to the proposed major road may be

developed as an education and research zone with opportunities to establish an IT village in the adjacent area. Comm-09-04: An area may be developed as a graveyard with mosques and other

religious facilities. h) Leisure, Recreation, Parks and Open Spaces RO-09-01: An area along the Halda River may be developed as an aqua village to

promote tourism. The traditional fishing villages may be improved and facilities to enjoy the river may be developed. RO-09-02: A city park may be developed in this zone occupying some 100 acres

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i) Utility Services Ut-09-01: The present DAP study recommends that the responsible agencies for the

provision of utility services, will prepare their own detailed plan in respective fields. j) Agriculture A-09-01: Large areas near the Halda River and the natural Khal on the north may be

retained as agriculture areas. Traditional and innovative agricultural produce may be developed coupled with facilities to promote village-based tourism 4.9. 6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT

In this zone, the area is proposed to be developed as a new township. Water logging, Halda water pollution, preservation of ponds/water bodies and conservation of Halda carp breeding ground are the major considerations. Some guiding principles are: En-09-01: All major khals, such as Akuti Jharna khal, Ghosal shah khal and

Khandakia khal should be rehabilitated; backlines should be marked and fixed at least by vegetation coverage. Along the backline there should be a buffer zone of green belt, up to100 ft wide on both sides. To delineate the outer limit of the city a 500 m forest belt has been proposed along the northern limit of the planning zone. Moreover green belt has been proposed on either side of the proposed graveyard. Halda riverbanks have to be fixed and along the west side of the Halda bank, a 100m wide forest buffer zone needs to be generated, with the provision of cycle or walkway.

En-09-02:

En-09-03: Conservation of ponds and water bodies and developing a few as cultural

centres. Same as in DPZ-06. En-09-04: To enhance the natural environmental setting a meandering lake of about

2km long and 100 to 300m wide has been proposed The proposed lakes would also developed as a place of attraction for leisure and tourism. It will also act as a water retention area. En-09-05: Measures should be taken to conserve the nature breeding ground of the Halda River. On both sides of the Halda riverbank, a narrow 100 m wide belt has to be identified as Special Ecological Zone. No development activities, particularly physical change of shoreline would be allowed. All existing activities, which are damaging to the Halda ecology and carp breeding process, must be removed. The Halda river based carp egg supplies would supplement the proposed aqua village. The proposed village thus should be ecological friendly.

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4.10: DPZ-10: MADUNAGHAT TO CUET 4.10.1 EXISTING SITUATION

a) Location and Administrative Boundary: DPZ-10 is on the northeastern edge of the planning area. It consists of flat plains of the Halda River and Karnaphuli River. It covers about 10,964 acres. To the west side, its boundary is the Halda River and to the east side, its boundary is the Rangunia Thana, and to the north side, its boundary is the Rauzan Thana and to the south side, its boundary is the Karnaphuli River.

The whole of the area covered by the Detailed Area Plan lies within Rangunia Thana and comprises 7 Unions. The total areas under this zone are 10,964 acres. b) Population: As per the BBS census 2001, the population of the Area was 85536

According to the trend of the population projection the total population is estimated to be 115236 in 2015. Density of the DPZ-10 will rise from 8/acre in 2001 to 10/acre in 2015. c) Land ownership: Most of the land within the area is under private ownership. A

significant size of land is under public control as for examples educational institutions. Most of the dwellers have their own private land and they live in their private houses and major portion of the land are being used to agriculture d) Socio-Economic Condition: The DPZ 10 comprises outside of the Chittagong

City and its environs, which is vastly rural in character. The DPZ 10 area comprises two growth centres like Nowapara & Pahartali (CUET) and a number of union including two growth centres or extended bazaars of Nowapara growth centre and Pahartali growth centre. Educational status of the DPZ 10 area, it is found that about 25.34% have attained or completed the primary level and 28.50% have completed the secondary level education. Secondary level education has defined as the interim period between after primary to before SSC. (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March 2007) Structure in the DPZ 10 area fall into five main categories like pucca, semi-pucca, Katcha, Tinshed and Jhupri. Regarding the structural quality of housing in the DPZ 10 area Katcha and Tinshed structure are dominated and this is because of the DPZ 10 are is located in the mostly rural area. (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March 2007) In order to understand the pattern of household employment and investment activities as well as sectoral contribution to the economy of DPZ 10, it is needed to present an overall profile of economic activities mainly in the industrial sector and agricultural sector. Agriculture as a whole including crops, livestock and poultry and fish cultivation, accounts for around 13.54%; there are about 10.67% day labour and around 4.69% are employed in informal activities (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March, 2007). According to the socio-economic survey report of the DAP project 2007, business, trade and agricultural goods are the dominant sources of household monthly income accounting for around 47.91% of the total household monthly income. Income from wages and salaried job accounts for around 17.32%, cottage industry and professional services accounts for around 0.65%, agriculture as a whole, including crops, livestock, poultry and fish cultivation, accounts for around only 12.45%.

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4.10.2 EXISTING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS:

As ascertained through field survey 2005-2006, the study area exhibits an admixture of a variety of land uses of rural character. Broadly, the areas, served by good road facilities have experienced spatial growth of rural character comprising housing, commerce, industries, institutions, and services. The inaccessible remote areas away from major roads have remained with their original rural character comprising homestead, farmland, fellow land and areas of water bodies. The table below shows the existing land use features of the study area. Table 4.15: Existing land use features of DPZ-10 Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 .11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Types of use Agriculture and Fisheries Commercial Activity Education and Research Hilly land Manufacturing & Processing Miscellaneous Mixed Use Office Use Open/Community Space Residential Restricted Service Facilities Transport & Community Vacant Land Water Body TOTAL

Area (acre) 4684 116 153 593 53 47 38 6 82 2840 --6 291 267 1723 10964

% 42.87% 1.06% 1.40% 5.43% 0.49% 0.43% 0.35% 0.06% 0.48% 26.27% --0.05% 2.67% 2.45% 15.98% 100%

Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007 The findings of the land use survey are illustrated in Table 4.15. From the land use survey it is observed that the present dominant land uses of the study area are agriculture and fisheries, residential and water body. Other dominant lands are hilly land, transport land and vacant land. Figure 4.19 shows the existing land use of the study area. a) Residential: Residential land occupied an area of 2880 acres or 26.37% of the DPZ 10 area. The survey results indicated that residential category was the major dominated land use in the DPZ 10 area. There are 14107 dwellings in this area of which 15.61% pucca, 9.56% semi pucca and 74.83% katcha. b) Industrial: Within the area covered by the Detailed Area Plan, many fishing industries are developed along the Halda River and around the Betagi and Pomra union hilly area. These consist of the General Manufacturing Plant, salt crushing mill; saw mill, rice mill and other factory. There are also 117 poultry farm are found in the DPZ-10. A large amount of land 53.34 acres or 0.49% of the total DPZ 10 area is covered by this category. c) Commercial: Major land uses under this category were retail and wholesale

shopping areas and all categories of ribbon commercial developments along the major road. In the DPZ 10 area, there are a large number of retail shops, bazaars and wholesale markets. Some portion of land 115.63 acres or 1.06% of the total DPZ 10 area is covered by this category.

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Figure 4.19: Existing Land use Map of DPZ-10

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d) Mixed use: Mixed land use area may be mixed up with residential with

commercial or commercial with residential with office or admixture of all the three. The small processing plants are also found to co-exist with any one or all the above land uses. However, other admixture of diverse land uses is also found. Around 38.27 acres or 0.35% of the total DPZ 10 area is covered by this category. e) Topography and Drainage: Some area is geologically flat as well as encompasses a large number of Ponds and khals. West side of the area covers flood plain land along the Halda River. Consequently, this portion of the DPZ-10 is flood prone and water remains for few weeks during the rainy season. South side of the area covers flood plain land along the Karnaphuli River. This part of the area is vulnerable to landslides. It is flood prone during the rainy season. Some khals and branches, which cross the area, are important natural drainage courses. Finally all the khals fall into the Halda River and Karnaphuli River. In addition to the khals a significant number of ponds work as storm water reservoir during the monsoon period. f) Transport: An analysis of circulation pattern shows that there is no prominent arterial road network in this planning zone. As the proportion of industrial and mixed uses is low and residential land uses are of rural character, transport network has not developed properly. Tertiary and access roads are also inadequate and very narrow. The existing roads do not form any circulation system. This category covers an area of about 291.06 acres or 2.67% land of the total DPZ-10 land. g) Community Facilities: Community facilities cover all land uses where public

gathering mostly. This category of uses includes educational institutions, hospital/clinic/dispensary, park & playground, post office, police station, fire station, town hall, all kinds of assembly hall, prayer halls including mosque, temple, church, pagoda, community centre, mazaar, graveyards, cemetery, religious sites etc. It constitutes about 81.51 acres or 0.48% within the DPZ 10 area. Table 4.16: Existing community facilities of the DPZ 10 Community Facilities Police Box Post office Hospital Clinic Market Bank Cinema hall Community Centre/Club house Graveyard Mosque Temple Primary school Secondary school NGO school Madrasa Playground Corner shop Water pump house/Water reservoir Petrol pump Total Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007

Existing Features (Unit/No) 1 1 2 15 22 7 1 12 107 174 56 74 22 8 19 6 526 13 3 1087

Area in acre 0.05 0.04 0.53 1.26 4.24 0.53 2.52 0.73 16.53 19.25 4.63 9.18 5.25 0.026 1.17 4.23 8.25 0.24 0.52 81.51

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h) Utility Services: The supply network in the served area is not comprehensive.

There are various sources of water supply in the DPZ 10 area. Household owned tube well is predominant. The significant number of household depends on community tube well for safe drinking water. Slum areas generally have little or no piped supply with water sources being shallow tube wells or open ponds. These supplies are often polluted and unclean. There is no piped sewerage system in Chittagong. Some buildings have septic tanks but the majority of sewage is flushed directly to khals or deposited in open latrines. There is no proper solid waste management system in this area. People dump waste indiscriminately along the roadside; drain, pond and canal that pollute water body. Such unsanitary condition may lead widespread pollution, which causes health hazard. i) Agriculture: This category includes all types of agricultural uses e.g. paddy field, cropland, grazing land, orchard, horticulture, fisheries, nursery, farm land, poultry, cattle farm etc. It involves about 4683.56 acres or 42.87% land of the total DPZ-10. Irrigation water is comprehensively utilized for cultivation. Approximately 117 poultry farms and a certain number of fisheries keep great role in local economy of the DPZ-10 area. j) Vacant land & Char land: Unused or vacant land is an important characteristics

feature of the planning area. This category includes land with no apparent use or unused land, low-lying areas, char land etc. The vacant land constitutes about 267.18 acres or 2.45% within the DPZ 10 area or a little portion of agricultural land is converted of agricultural land by selling it from farmers to non-farmers 4.10.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:

Water body is the major environmental issues in the DPZ-10. Water bodies are spreads all over the DPZ-10. Water bodies like river, pond, khal, ditch etc. encompass almost 1744.97 acres or 15.98% of the DPZ-10 as shown in the Table 4.15. A lot of small hilly regions are present in the DPZ-10 area and covers 593.03 acres or 5.43% of the total DPZ-10. 4.10.4 HIGHER LEVEL PLANNING:

a) Structure plan 1995: Structure plan has identified Rangunia and Raozan area as one of the future expansion areas of Chittagong city taking into consideration various policies on population, economy, spatial development opportunity, community facilities, transportation, infrastructure services, flood and drainage, urban land development, environment and prestige projects. b) Major issues, problems, opportunities and required actions: The following

issues, problems, opportunities and required actions have been recognized at DPZ-10 areas, which are clarified through observation. Major issues and problems ƒ ƒ ƒ

Susceptibility to cyclonic surges and seasonal flooding near the Karnaphuli River and Halda River. Haphazard development of urban fringe areas. Presence of slum and squatter housing areas.

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Opportunities ƒ ƒ ƒ

Proximity to the existing urban area. Identified in the Structure Plan as one of the preferred locations for peripheral expansion. Widening of Kaptai Road link proposed in the DAP Plan to “open up” land for development.

Actions Required ƒ ƒ ƒ

Implement a slum improvement programme. Implement riverside afforestation schemes in association with the new embankment of Karnaphuli River. Set of new industrial areas and ensure their full utilization.

Priority Actions Required by Area ƒ ƒ ƒ

Implement riverside afforestation schemes in association with the new embankment of Karnaphuli River. Implement a slum improvement programme. Implement the widening of Kaptai Road.

4.10.5 DETAILED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS:

The following development proposals have been shown in Figure no 4.12. As a large-scale peripheral expansion of the area, we recommend that the area covered by the Detailed Plan recommended a wide use of industrial and agriculture and fisheries related use. Taking into consideration all the demand for different activities, the present study of DAP recommends around 8914.28 acres land in the DAP-10. The following table shows proposed land use of the DPZ-10. Table 4.17: Proposed land use features of the study area Sl. No Types of use Area (acre) 1. Residential & Ancillary 2301.523 2. Fish Related Industry 631.485 3. Afforestation 532.520 4. Agricultural Land 5448.752 TOTAL 8914.28 Source: Prepared by the Consultants, 2006-2007

% 21.07% 5.78% 4.88% 49.89% 81.62%

a) Residential (Housing) & Ancillary: Due to the land scarcity, Chittagong city is

now extending to its urban fringe areas and Rauzan Thana are the urban fringe area. Day by day fisheries related industries are developed along the Halda River and for this people are coming to live in these areas. As a result, haphazard growths of residential area are developed here. Under the present study of DPZ 10, an attempt is taken to identify the proper location of future housing development for the workers people with some guidelines. Here it is mentionable that almost land of these areas are flat, so before taking any housing project land development is necessary as it demands in different parts of the study area. About 2301.523 acres lands are proposed for residential and ancillary use. The existing Chittagong University of Engineering Technology (CUET) will remain here as educational institution that is considered under the ancillary use. Nowapara union and Pahartali union are proposed for 3rd category growth centre

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Figure 4.20: Proposed Land use Plan of DPZ-10

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b) Industrial: In the study, it is observed that many fish related industry are already

exists along the Halda River and this zone is suitable for fisheries related industrial development. Therefore, this study proposes fisheries or related industrial use along the Halda River considering a certain distance from the bank line of the river. A total of 631.485 acres of land have been suggested for fish related industries in DPZ-10. c) Drainage: Drainage Master Plan 1995 did not propose any specific measures to be

implemented to alleviate the drainage problem in the DPZ-10 area. The DAP team has identified the drainage works to be done for DPZ-10. DAP proposals: 1. Rehabilitation of Urkir Char Khal, Razzagati Khal, Uvalong Khal, Noa khal Khal, Tulatuli Khal, Minadihora Khal, Samadoar Khal and Halda River having a total length of about 19.43 km. are proposed. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.20. 2. Retaining and preservation of 89 ponds of 0.5 acre and above are proposed. The accumulated size of these existing ponds proposed to be preserved equal approximately 115 acres. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.20. 3. 5 new flood storage ponds / flood plains measuring about 243 acres are proposed. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.20. 4. Following drainage-guiding principles/guidelines C at page 3-3 remaining drainage networks is proposed and identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.20. 5. Where not shown specifically in the land use map, drainage guiding principles/ guidelines will apply. d) Transportation: The long-term development strategy for traffic and transportation

proposes improvement of the only major road, which passes through the center of this DPZ-10. Figure 4.20 illustrates the proposed primary and secondary roads of DPZ-10. The details are indicated below: Primary Roads (District Distributor Roads) It is proposed that the east-west Kaptai Road which is the only major road of this zone be widened to 120 ft ROW Secondary Roads (Other Distributor Roads): In order to improve traffic circulation in this zone from Pahartali Growth Centre, a link road, to the north and another to the south up to Karnaphuli River are proposed for widening have a ROW of 60 ft. Two more roads, one from Nowapara Growth Centre to Karnaphuli River in the south and another to the north; and one more road a bit on the west side going to the Karnaphuli River in the south are proposed for widening to 60 ft ROW. In addition, a number of east-west links both around Pahartali and Nowapara are proposed of 40 ft ROW to improve circulation. e) Utility Services Ut-06-01: The present DAP study recommends that the responsible agencies for the provision of utility services, will prepare their own detailed plan in respective fields.

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f) Agriculture: Because of the fertile land, east side of the Nowapara growth centre and

west side of the Pahartali growth centre is proposed for the agricultural land and for this, about 5448.752 acres of land are reserved for agriculture use. g) Afforestation: A linear 200ft afforestation programme has been proposed along

the Halda & Karnaphuli River. This afforestation programme may also incorporate other trees and bamboo for systemic felling for building purposes. 4.10.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT:

Some of the guiding principles are as follows: i) Halda Special Ecological Zone: Along the Halda riverbank, a narrow 100 m wide

belt has to be identified as Special Ecological Zone. No development activities, particularly physical change of shoreline would be allowed and must be strictly controlled. ii) Riverside forest: Considering the spectacular river side view of the Karnaphuli and

to enhance physical environmental quality of the city, a river side forest area have been proposed at the confluences with the Halda river. No artificial blockage would be allowed to obstruct the natural inundation of this forest. This forest would be rich in bio-diversity and used as wildlife reserve and sanctuaries. Moreover, a 100m wide green belt is proposed along the Karnaphuli riverfront. iii) Protection of Water bodies: All the water bodies and ponds of 0.5 acre and above

must be preserved under the guidelines of water body preservation (Chapter-3). The environments of some of the water bodies need to be improved by plantation on bank sides. Such pond can be used for community used. iv) Protection of existing Hill Areas: There are hill landmasses at the eastern part of the zone. Hill cutting and forest clearing would not be allowed in these existing hilly areas. The remaining hill area must be preserved and kept under green forest coverage. v) Eco- Park: This zone has some outstanding natural beauties such as hilly areas and

part of Halda and Karnaphuli River. To promote economic activities as well as recreational facilities, an Eco-park may be developed in this Detailed Planning Zone by enhancing combined hilly areas and part of Karnaphuli River front. This proposed Eco-park will be a attractive place for local people as well as tourist that will play key role in the local economy.

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4.11: DPZ-11: PATIYA-BOALKHALI 4.11.1 EXISTING SITUATION

a) Location and Administrative Boundary: The Boalkhali and Patiya Thana are on

the eastern edge of the planning area. It consists of flat plains of the Karnaphuli River on the west. It covers about 15,957 acres. To the west side, its boundary is the Karnaphuli River and to the south side, its boundary is the Anwara Thana. The whole of the area covered by the Detailed Area Plan lies within Boalkhali and Patiya Thana and comprises 11 Unions. The total area under this zone is 15,957 acres. b) Population: As per the BBS census 2001 the population of the Area was 158759

According to the trend of the population projection the total population is estimated to be 211907 in 2015. Density of the DPZ-11 will rise from 10/acre in 2001 to 13/acre in 2015. c) Land ownership: Most of the land belongs to local people of this DPZ.

A significant size of land is under public control as for examples educational institutions. Most of the residents have their own private land and they live in their private houses and major portion of the land are being used for agricultural purpose. d) Socio-Economic Condition: The DPZ-11 comprises outside of the Chittagong

City and its environs, which is vastly rural in character. The DPZ-11 area comprises two Upazilla Headquarters like Boalkhali & Patiya and a number of unions including two growth centres or extended bazaars of Boalkhali growth centre and Patiya growth centre. Educational status of the DPZ-11 area, it is found that about 35.54% have attained or completed the primary level and 23.50% have completed the secondary level education. (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March 2007) Structure in the DPZ-11 area fall into five main categories like pucca, semi-pucca, Katcha, Tinshed and Jhupri. Regarding the structural quality of housing in the DPZ11 area Katcha and Tinshed structure are dominated and this is because of the DPZ-11 is located in the mostly rural area. (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March 2007) In order to understand the pattern of household employment and investment activities as well as sectoral contribution to the economy of DPZ-11, it has to be presented an overall profile of economic activities mainly in the industrial sector and agricultural sector. Agriculture as a whole including crops, livestock and poultry and fish cultivation, accounts for around 10.54%; there are about 12.97% day labour and around 3.69% are employed in informal activities (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March, 2007) According to the Socio-economic Survey Report of the DAP project 2007, business, trade and agricultural goods are the dominant sources of household monthly income accounting for around 56.91% of the total household monthly income. Income from wages and salaried job accounts for around 18.32%, cottage industry and professional services accounts for around 0.95%, agriculture as a whole, including crops, livestock and poultry and fish cultivation, accounts for around only 10.45%.

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4.11.2 EXISTING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS:

As ascertained through field survey 2005-2006, the DPZ-11 area exhibits an admixture of a variety of land uses of rural character. Broadly, the areas, served by good road facilities have experienced spatial growth of rural character comprising housing, commerce, industries, institutions, and services. The inaccessible remote areas away from major roads have remained with their original rural character comprising homestead, farmland, fellow land and areas of water bodies. The table below shows the existing land use features of the study area. Table 4.18: Existing land use features of the DPZ-11 Sl. No Types of use 1. Agriculture and Fisheries 2. Commercial Activity 3. Education and Research 4. Hilly land 5. Manufacturing & Processing 6. Miscellaneous 7. Mixed Use 8. Office Use 9. Open/Community Space 10. Residential 11. Restricted 12. Service Facilities 13. Transport & Community 14. Vacant Land 15. Water Body TOTAL Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007

Area (acre) 7108 361 15 ---66 50 3 1 120 2540 ---33 677 757 4529 15964

% 43.30% 2.29% 0.10% ---0.42% 0.32% 0.02% 0.01% 0.12% 16.72% ---0.21% 4.29% 4.80% 27.42% 100%

From the land use survey it is observed that the present dominant land uses of the study area are agriculture and fisheries, water body and residential use. Other dominant lands are commercial activity, vacant land and transport & economy. Figure 4.21 shows the existing land use of the DPZ-11. a) Residential: Residential land includes an area of 2540 acres or 16.72% of the

DPZ-11 area. The survey results indicate that residential category is the major dominated land use in the DPZ-11 area. There are 14107 dwellings in this area of which 15.61% pucca, 9.56% semi pucca, 18.62% tinshed, 54.83% katcha and 1.48% under construction. b) Industrial: Within the area covered by the DPZ-11, many fishing industries are

developed along the Karnaphuli River. Manufacturing and processing industries include food and manufacturing industries, salt crushing mill; saw mill, sugar mill, rice mill, chemical industry, paper industry, ice factory, cottage industry and other factories. There are also 117 poultry farm found in the DPZ-11 area. A large amount of land 65.93 acres or 0.42% of the total DPZ-11 area is covered by this category. c) Commercial: Major land uses under this category were retail and wholesale shopping areas and all categories of ribbon commercial developments along the major road. In the DPZ-11 area, there are a large number of retail shops, bazaars and wholesale markets. Some portion of land 360.80 acres or 2.29% of the total DPZ-11 area is covered by this category

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Figure 4.21: Existing Landuse Map of DPZ 11

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d) Mixed use: Mixed land use area may be mixed up with residential with

commercial or commercial with residential with office or admixture of all the three. The small processing plants are also found to co-exist with any one or all the above land uses. However, other admixture of diverse land uses is also found. Around 2.74 acres or 0.02% of the total DPZ-11 area is covered by this category. e) Topography and Drainage: Some area is geologically flat as well as encompasses

a large number of Ponds and khals. West side of the area covers flood plain land along the Karnaphuli River. Consequently, this portion of the DPZ-11 area is flood prone and water remains for few weeks during the rainy season. Some khals and branches, which cross the area, are important natural drainage courses. In addition to the canals a significant number of ponds work as storm water reservoir during the monsoon period. The western area is susceptible to cyclonic surges therefore largely unsuitable for general use without an embankment along the river Karnaphuli. f) Transport: An analysis of circulation pattern shows that there is no prominent

arterial road network in this planning zone. As the proportion of industrial and mixed uses is low and residential land uses are of rural character, transport network has not developed properly. Tertiary and access roads are also inadequate and very narrow. Again all of the existing roads do not form any circulation system. There are a bus and truck terminal, ferry ghat and all types of roads like pucca, semi-pucca and katcha etc. This category covers an area of about 676.54 acres or 4.29% land of the total DPZ-11 land. Karnaphuli River at the southern end of the DPZ-11 is extensively used for transporting cargo to and from Chittagong, which is a busy trading and industrial centre. There is a declining trend in the handling of cargo by boats. This remains the cheapest mode of transport. g) Community Facilities: Community facilities cover all land uses where public

gathering mostly. It constitutes about 119.58 acres or 0.12% within the DPZ-11 area. Table 4.19: Existing community facilities of the DPZ-11 Community Facilities Police Box Post office Hospital Clinic Market Bank Cinema hall Community Centre/Club house Graveyard Mosque Temple Primary school Secondary school College NGO school Madrasa Playground Corner shop Water pump house/Water reservoir Total

Existing Features (Unit/No) 1 2 3 20 28 9 1 15 119 216 69 88 26 4 12 25 5 726 15 1404

Area in acre 0.06 0.06 0.33 1.73 4.24 0.68 3.53 0.85 25.26 27.67 5.46 13.53 8.53 1.56 0.27 3.17 7.98 12.62 0.24 119.58

Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007

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h) Utility Services:

The supply network in the served area is not sufficient. This zone has various sources of water supply. Most of the households use tube-wells for safe drinking water. There is little or no pied water supply in the existing slum areas rather than they use shallow tube-well or ponds to collect water for their daily needs. There is no piped sewerage system in Chittagong. Some buildings have septic tanks but the majority of sewage is flushed directly to khals or deposited in open latrines. There is no proper solid waste management system in this area. People dump waste indiscriminately along the roadside; drain, pond and canal that pollute water body. Such unsanitary condition may lead widespread pollution, which causes health hazard. i) Agriculture: This category includes all types of agricultural uses like paddy field,

cropland, grazing land, orchard, horticulture, fisheries, nursery, farm land, poultry, cattle farm etc. It constitutes about 6836.14 acres or 43.30% land of the total DPZ-11 land. Irrigation water is comprehensively utilized for cultivation. j) Vacant land & Char land: Unused or vacant land is an important characteristics

feature of the planning area. This category includes land with no apparent use or unused land, low-lying areas, char land etc. The vacant land constitutes about 757.27 acres or 4.80% within the DPZ-11 area or a little portion agricultural land is transformed into non-agricultural use. 4.11.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES: Water body is the major environmental issues in the DPZ-11. Water bodies are widely spreads all over the DPZ-11. Water bodies like river, pond, khal, ditch etc. encompass almost 4329.51 acres or 27.42% of the DPZ-11 area as shown in the Table 4.18. 4.11.4 HIGHER LEVEL PLANNING:

a) Structure plan 1995: Structure plan has identified Patiya and Boalkhali Thana as

one of the future expansion areas of Chittagong city taking into account various policies on population, economy, spatial development opportunity, community facilities, transportation, infrastructure services, flood and drainage, urban land development, environment and prestige projects. b) Major issues, problems, opportunities and required actions: The following

issues, problems, opportunities and required actions have been recognized at zone 11 areas, which are clarified through observation. Major issues and problems ƒ Susceptibility to cyclonic surges and seasonal flooding near the Karnaphuli River. ƒ Haphazard development of urban fringe areas. ƒ Presence of slum and squatter housing areas. Opportunities ƒ Proximity to the existing urban area. ƒ Identified in the Structure Plan as one of three preferred locations for peripheral

expansion. Actions Required ƒ Implement riverside ƒ

afforestation schemes in association with the new embankment of Karnaphuli River. Improve the conditions of existing industrial areas and ensure their full utilization.

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Priority Actions Required by Area ƒ ƒ

Implement riverside afforestation schemes in association with the new embankment of Karnaphuli River. Implement a slum improvement programme.

4.11.5 DETAILED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS:

The following development proposals have been shown in Figure no 4.22 As a large-scale peripheral expansion of the area, we recommend that the area covered by the Detailed Plan should contain a wide use of industrial and agriculture and fisheries related use. Considering all the demands for different activities, the present study of DAP recommends the required proposal for around 15,485 acres land of the DPZ-11. This are shown at Figure 4.22 and discussed in turn below: Table 4.20: Proposed land use features of the study area Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Types of use Residential & Ancillary Industrial Zone Afforestation Agricultural Land Urban Deferred Area TOTAL Source: Prepared by the Consultants-2007

Area (acre) 5054.78 1126.48 518.49 7852.01 933.25 15485.01

% 32.64% 7.27% 3.35% 50.71% 6.03% 97.04%

a) Residential (Housing) & Ancillary: Day by day industry is developing along the

Karnaphuli River and due to that reason people are coming to live in these area. Resulting, spontaneous growths of residential areas are developed here. Under the present study of DPZ-11, a step is taken to identify the proper locations of future housing development for the workers people with some guidelines. Here it is unavoidable to mention that almost land of these areas are flat, so before starting any housing project land development is required as it make any demand in different parts of the study area. About 5055 acres lands are proposed for residential and ancillary use. Boalkhali Upazilla Headquarter and Patiya Paurashava are proposed for 1st category growth centre. b) Drainage: Drainage Master Plan 1995 did not propose any specific measures to be

implemented to alleviate the drainage problem in the DPZ-11 area. The DAP study has identified the drainage works to be done for DPZ-11. DAP proposals: 1. Rehabilitation of Boalkhali Khal, Katakhali Khal, Chanddandi Khal, Chowdhury Khal, Rakhali Khal, Kannater Khal, Buchalkhali Khal and NazirKhali Khal having a total length of about 48.84 km. are proposed. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.22. 2. Retaining and preservation of 174 ponds of 0.5 acre and above are proposed. The accumulated size of these existing ponds proposed to be preserved equal approximately 208 acres. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.22. 3. 6 new flood storage ponds / flood plains measuring about 182 acres are proposed. The locations are identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.22

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Figure 4.22: Proposed Landuse Plan of DPZ 11

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4. Following drainage-guiding principles/guidelines C at page from 3-3 to 3-4 remaining drainage networks is proposed and identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.22. 5. Where not shown specifically in the land use map, drainage guiding principles/ guidelines will apply. c) Transportation: The long-term development strategy for traffic and transportation

proposed widening of one major road to improve traffic movement in DPZ-11. Figure 4.22 illustrates the proposed road networks for the DPZ-11 Primary Roads (Primary Distributor Roads): The most important road in the zone is the north-south-east Patiya Road, which is proposed to be widening to160 ft ROW. This is the only primary road of this DPZ. Secondary Road (Other Distributor Roads): In order to improve traffic circulation and encourage industrial development and settlement improvement, a good number of north-south and east-west links have been proposed under DAP. Some of these will be widening and other will be a new road to be built on an incremental basis. These roads will have ROW, which will vary between 60 ft to 40 ft. For Details, Please see Figure 4.22 d) Industrial: In this study it is observed that many industrial activities are already

remained along the Karnaphuli River and this zone is suitable for industrial development. Finally, the DAP study proposes a total of 1126 acres of land along the Karnaphuli River as industrial use. e) Utility Services: The present DAP study recommends that the responsible agencies for the provision of utility services, will prepare their own detailed plan in respective fields. f) Agriculture: Because of the fertile land, south side of the Boalkhali Thana and west side of the Patiya Thana are proposed for the agricultural land and this is why, about 7852 acres of lands are suggested to reserve for agriculture use. g) Afforestation: A linear 200ft afforestation programme has been proposed along

the Karnaphuli River. This afforestation programme may also incorporate other trees and bamboo for systemic felling for building purposes. 4.11.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT:

Some of the guiding principles are as follows: i) Protection of Water bodies: All the water bodies and ponds of 0.5 acre and above

must be preserved under the guidelines of water body preservation (Chapter-3). The environments of some of the water bodies need to be improved by plantation on bank sides. Such pond can be used for community used. ii) Green belt along River and Khal sides: The east bank of the Karnaphuli River needs

to be protected by embankment from saline water intrusion. A green belt is recommendation along the embankment. All major khals should be rehabilitated; back lines should be marked and fixed. Along the back line there should be a buffer zone of green belt, up to 100 ft wide on both sides. iii) Treatment Plants: Major part adjacent to the left bank of Karnaphuli River down

Kalurghat Bridge has been proposed to develop for industries uses. There is always a risk of pollution of the Karnaphuli from this industrial area. All polluting industries must have treatment plant, and must not discharge into the river with out treatment.

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4.12: DPZ-12: ANWARA-KARNAPHULI 4.12.1 EXISTING SITUATION

a) Location and administrative Boundary: The Karnaphuli, Patiya, Anwara and

Boalkhali Thana are on the southeastern edge of the planning area and on the right bank of the Karnaphuli River. It consists of flat plains of the Karnaphuli River on the north and west side and flat plains of the Bay of Bengal on the southwestern side. To the north and west side, its boundary is the Karnaphuli River and to the east side, its boundary is the Patiya Paurashava. The whole of the area covered by the Detailed Area Plan lies within Karnaphuli Thana, Patiya Thana and Anwara Thana and comprises 16 Unions. The total areas under this zone are 34,769 acres. b) Population: As per the BBS census 2001 the population of the DPZ-12 was

239756 According to the trend of the population projection the total population is estimated to be 291907 in 2015. Density of the Area will rise from 9 / acre in 2001 to 11/ acre in 2015. c) Land ownership: Most of the land within the area is under private ownership. A significant size of land is under public control as for examples educational institutions and marine academy. Most of the dwellers have own private land and major portion of land are occupied by the KEPZ and KAFCO industry of the Rangadia growth centre and a number of industries of S. Alam of the Shannaretak moor in Karnaphuli Thana d) Socio-Economic Condition: The DPZ 12 comprises outside of the Chittagong

City and its environs, which is vastly rural in character. The DPZ 12 area comprises three Upazilla Headquarters like Karnaphuli, Patiya and Anwara and a number of unions including three growth centres or extended bazaars of Rangadia growth centre Sikalbaha growth centre and Anwara growth centre. Educational status of the DPZ 12 area, it is found that about 33.54% have attained or completed the primary level and 21.10% have completed the secondary level education. (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March 2007) Status of land ownership is also a socio-economic indicator and most of the dwellers have own private land and major portion of land are occupied by the KEPZ and KAFCO industry of the Rangadia growth centre and a number of industries of S. Alam of the Shannaretak moor in Karnaphuli Thana. (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March 2007) Structures in the DPZ 12 area fall into five main categories like pucca, semi-pucca, Katcha, Tinshed and Jhupri. Regarding the structural quality of housing in the DPZ 12 area Katcha and Tinshed structure are dominated and this is because of this zone is located in the mostly rural area. (Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March 2007) In order to understand the pattern of household employment and investment activities as well as sectoral contribution to the economy of DPZ 12, it is necessary to present an overall profile of economic activities mainly in the industrial sector and agricultural sector. Agriculture as a whole including crops, livestock and poultry and fish cultivation, accounts for around 9.24%; there are about 10.97% day labour and around 2.69% are employed in informal activities ((Source: Socio-economic Survey Report of DAP project in March, 2007)

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According to the socio-economic survey report of the DAP project 2007, business, trade and agricultural goods are the dominant sources of household monthly income accounting for around 46.91% of the total household monthly income. Income from wages and salaried job accounts for around 28.32%, cottage industry and professional services accounts for around 0.98%, agriculture as a whole, including crops, livestock and poultry and fish cultivation, accounts for around only 8.45%. 4.12.2 EXISTING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STATUS:

As ascertained through the physical feature survey 2005-2006 this zone exhibits an admixture of a variety of land uses of rural character. The areas served by good road facilities have experienced spatial growth of rural character comprising housing, commerce, industries, institutions, and services. The inaccessible remote areas away from major roads have remained with their original rural character comprising homestead, farmland, fellow land and areas of water bodies. The table below shows the existing land use features of the DPZ-12. Table 4.21: Existing land use features of the DPZ-12 area Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 .11. 12. 13. 14. 15. TOTAL

Types of use Agriculture and Fisheries Commercial Activity Education and Research Hilly land Manufacturing & Processing Miscellaneous Mixed Use Open/Community Space Residential Restricted Service Facilities Transport & Community Vacant Land Water Body Coastal Char

Area (acre) 16722 167 36 1582 801 84 8 33 2887 835 14 960 1758 7341 1413 34769

% 48.90% 0.48% 0.07% 4.54% 2.28% 0.24% 0.02% 0.10% 8.23% 2.38% 0.04% 2.74% 5.01% 20.93% 4.03% 100%

Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007 According to the land use survey it is observed that the present dominant land uses of the study area are agriculture, fisheries, water body and residential use. Other dominant lands are hilly land, vacant land and coastal char land. Figure 4.23 shows the existing land use of the study area. a) Residential: Residential land consists of an area of 2887.22 acres or 8.23% of the

DPZ-12 area. The survey results indicate that residential category is the major dominated land use in the DPZ-12 area. There are 43423 dwellings in this area of which 9.42% pucca, 11.66% semi pucca, 48.47% Tinshed, 28.97% katcha and 1.48% under construction. b) Industrial: Within the area covered by the DPZ 12, many fishing industries are developed along the Karnaphuli River and around the Parkir Char and Dakshin Paruapara area. Manufacturing and processing industries include food and manufacturing industries, salt crushing mill; saw mill, rice mill, match factory, cement factory, ice factory, cottage industry and other factory. A large amount of land 801.45 acres or 2.28% of the total DPZ-12 area is covered by this category.

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Figure 4.23: Existing Landuse Map of DPZ 12

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c) Commercial: Major land uses under this category are retail and wholesale

shopping areas and all categories of ribbon commercial developments along the major road. In the DPZ-12 area, there are a large number of retail shops, bazaars and wholesale markets. Some portion of land 167.47 acres or 0.48% of the total DPZ 12 area is covered by this category. d) Mixed use: Mixed land use area may be mixed up with residential with commercial or commercial with residential with office or admixture of all the three. The small processing plants are also found to co-exist with any one or all the above land uses. However, other admixture of diverse land uses is also found. Around 8.29 acres or 0.02% of the total DPZ-12 area is covered by this category. e) Topography and Drainage: Some area is geologically flat as well as encompasses a large number of Ponds and khals. West and north side of the area covers flood plain land along the Karnaphuli River. Consequently, this portion of the study area is flood prone and water remains for a few weeks during the rainy season and also this part is vulnerable to landslides. Some khals and branches, which cross the area, are important natural drainage courses. In addition to the khals a significant number of ponds work as storm water reservoir during the monsoon period. The northern and western areas are susceptible to cyclonic surges therefore largely unsuitable for general rural use without an embankment along the river Karnaphuli. f) Transport: An analysis of the circulation system shows that there is no prominent

arterial road network in this planning zone. As the proportions of industrial and mixed uses are low and residential land uses are rural in character, transport network has not developed properly. Tertiary and access roads are also inadequate and very narrow. Again all of the existing roads do not form a proper circulation system. The land dedicated for road network is 960.45 acres (2.74% land of the total DPZ-12 land). Karnaphuli River at the southern end of the DPZ-12 area is extensively used for transporting cargo to and from Chittagong, which is a busy trading and industrial centre. There is a declining trend in the handling of cargo by boats. This remains the cheapest mode of transport. g) Restricted: There is only one restricted zone located within the DPZ-12 area. This

zone is the jurisdiction of Government authorities like Marine Academy and its headquarters where public access is controlled by the concerned authority. There is an area of 835.46 acres or 2.38% of the total DPZ-12 area covering the restricted zone. h) Community facilities: Community facilities cover all land uses where public

gathering mostly. This category of uses includes educational institutions, hospital/clinic/dispensary, park & playground, post office, police station, fire station, town hall, all kinds of assembly hall, prayer halls including mosque, temple, church, pagoda, community centre, graveyards, cemetery, religious sites etc. It constitutes about 142.82 acres or 0.41% within the DPZ-12 area. Table 4.22: Existing community facilities of the DPZ-12 Community Facilities Police Box Post office Hospital Clinic Market Bank

Existing Features (Unit/No) 1 2 2 26 39 7

Area in acre 0.071 0.043 0.333 1.733 6.562 0.483

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Community Facilities Community Centre/Club house Graveyard Mosque Temple Primary school Secondary school College NGO school Madrasa Playground Corner shop Water pump house/Water reservoir Signal house/Cyclone centre Petrol pump Total Source: Land use survey, 2006-2007

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Existing Features (Unit/No) 17 143 332 108 97 34 6 10 38 4 942 17 2 1 1851

Area in acre 0.856 33.164 27.667 5.462 18.256 11.333 3.092 0.267 3.173 8.67 14.296 0.244 0.333 0.52 137.504

i) Utility services: The supply network in the served area is not enough. There is no

piped line water network in Boalkhali, Patiya and Anwara Thana. There are various sources of water supply in the DPZ 12. Most of the households use their owned tube well for safe drinking water. A large number of households depend on community tube-well in their daily uses. There is no piped sewerage system in Chittagong. Some buildings have septic tanks but the majority of sewage is flushed directly to khals or deposited in open latrines. There is no proper solid waste management system in this area. People dump waste indiscriminately along the roadside; drain, pond and canal that pollute water body. Such unsanitary condition may lead widespread pollution, which causes health hazard. Supplies of gas and electricity are available to the industrial parts of this zone. Some poor households cannot bring gas line due to financial inability rather they cook food in traditional mud made oven. j) Agriculture: This category includes all types of agricultural uses like paddy field,

cropland, grazing land, orchard, horticulture, fisheries, nursery, farm land, poultry, cattle farm etc. It constitutes about 16722 acres or 48.90% land of the total DPZ 12 land. Approximately 205 poultry farms and a certain number of fisheries play an important role in local economy of the DPZ 12. k) Vacant land & Char land: Unused or vacant land is an outstanding characteristic of this planning area. This category includes land with no apparent use or unused land, low-lying areas, char land etc. The vacant land constitutes about 1757.61 acres or 5.01% within the DPZ 12 area or a little portion agricultural land is converted to other uses through selling from farmers to non-farmers 4.12.3 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:

Water body and hilly land are the major environmental issues in the DPZ 12 area. The water body land use spreads all over the DPZ 12 area. Water bodies like river, pond, khal, ditch etc. encompass almost 7341.27 acres or 20.93% of the DPZ 12 area as shown in the Table-4.21. A lot of small hilly regions are present in the DPZ 12 area and covers 1582.47 acres or 4.54% of the total DPZ 12 land.

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4.12.4 HIGHER LEVEL PLANNING:

a) Structure plan 1995: Structure plan has identified Karnaphuli Thana as the port

related industrial zone along the Karnaphuli River. The existing industrial incentives scheme encourages industrial location outside the developed areas and which are the future expansion areas of Chittagong city taking into consideration various policies on population, economy, spatial development opportunity, community facilities, transportation, infrastructure services, flood and drainage, urban land development, environment and prestige projects. Two fertilizer plants have been established on the south bank of the Karnaphuli in recent years to take advantage of direct access to the sheltered berths available within the Karnaphuli River. The berths available within the Karnaphuli are a scarce national resource. It is therefore the policy of the Authority, in conjunction with the other relevant authorities, to examine the potential for additional locations for berths. If such locations are found, land can be reserved adjacent to them for future port and port related industrial activities. b) Major issues, problems, opportunities and required actions

The following issues, problems, opportunities and required actions have been recognized at DPZ-12 areas, which are clarified through observation. Major issues and problems ƒ Susceptibility to cyclonic surges and seasonal flooding near the Karnaphuli River. ƒ Haphazard development of urban fringe areas. ƒ Presence of slum and squatter housing areas. ƒ Lack of direct access into the city centre. Opportunities ƒ ƒ

Proximity to the existing urban area. Identified in the Structure Plan as one of three preferred locations for peripheral expansion.

Actions Required ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

Implement a slum improvement programme. Ensure the potential for port related industrial activities on the south bank of the Karnaphuli River. Implement coastal afforestation schemes in association with the new embankment of the Bay of Bengal. Improve the conditions of existing industrial areas and ensure their full utilization.

Priority Actions Required by Area ƒ ƒ

Implement coastal afforestation schemes in association with the new embankment of the Bay of Bengal. Ensure the potential for port related industrial activities on the south bank of the Karnaphuli River.

4.12.5 DETAILED AREA DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS:

The following development proposals have been shown in Figure no 4.24. As a large-scale peripheral expansion of the area, this study recommends that the area covered by the Detailed Area Plan should contain a wide use of industrial and agriculture and fisheries related use. Taking into consider all the demand for different activities, the present study of DAP recommends around 35,198 acres land in the DPZ-12 area The following table shows proposed land use of DPZ-12:

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Table 4.23: Proposed land use features of DPZ-12 Sl. No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 6. 7. TOTAL

Types of use Planned Residential Area Growth Centre Industrial Zone Mixed Residential Area Recreation Coastal Afforestation Agricultural Land Urban Deferred Area

Area (acre) 335.39 2699.41 10195.4 3221.03 3841.01 2392.71 7081.72 5431.16 35198.01

% 0.95% 7.67% 28.97% 9.15% 10.91 6.80% 20.12% 15.43% 100%

Source: Prepared by the consultants-2007 a) Residential (Housing): Day by day industry is developing along the Karnaphuli

River and for this people are coming to live in these areas. Consequently, unplanned growths of residential areas are developed here. Under the present study of DPZ 12, an attempt is taken to identify the proper location of future housing development for the workers people with some guidelines. Here it is mentionable that almost land of these areas are flat, so before taking any housing project land development is necessary as it demands in different parts of the study area. The Chittagong development Authority has make a initiative for making a planned housing scheme named Karnaphuli Planned Residential area at the Shannaretak moor. About 3556 acres land are proposed for residential area in the Shannaretak moor, Sikalbaha crossing, and some parts of the Char Lakha area and the south side of the KAFCO road named Mohammadpur area. b) Commercial: As future industrialization will take place in zone 10 area, lots of

commercial activities will be needed to support this area and considering this demand some right places have been recognized for commercial are proposed at the Chaturi Chowmohoni junction and the Sikalbaha Crossing. Anwara Upazilla Headquarter, Rangadia Industrial zone and Sikalbaha Industrial Zone are proposed for 1st category growth centre. c) Drainage: In accordance with the ‘Storm Water Drainage and Flood Control Master Plan – 1995’, DPZ-12 falls party in the Drainage Area No. 8 of the Drainage Master Plan. About 1/10th area of DPZ-12 is covered by Drainage Master Plan proposals. For the rest of the area, DAP study has identified the drainage works to be done.

Drainage Master Plan Proposals for the area include: 1. 3 regulators on khals flowing into the Karnaphuli River are proposed and their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan Figure 4.24 of DPZ-12. 2. Flood defense proposed on the left bank of the Karnaphuli River. DAP proposals: 1. Rehabilitation of Shikalbaha Khal, Boalkhali Khal, Lakra Khal, Sannartak Khal, Kheya Nagar Khal, Chaturi Keyagar Khal, Char Purar Khal, Parki Khal, Boaliar Khal and Shapmara Khal having a total length of about 60.42 km. Their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan Figure 4.24 of DPZ 12. 2. Retaining and preservation of 225 ponds of 0.5 acre and above are proposed. The accumulated size of these existing ponds proposed to be preserved equal to approximately 208 acres. Their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan Figure 4.24 of DPZ-12.

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Figure 4.24: Proposed Landuse Plan of DPZ 12

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3. 7 new flood storage ponds/flood plains measuring about 723 acres are proposed. Their locations are identified in the proposed land use plan Figure 4.24 of DPZ 12. 4. Following drainage-guiding principles/guidelines C at page from 3-3 to 3-4 remaining drainage network is proposed and identified in the proposed land use plan of Figure 4.24. 5. Where not shown specifically in the proposed land use plan map, drainage guiding principles/guidelines will apply. d) Transportation: The Long Term Development Strategy for Traffic and

Transportation proposed widening of two major roads to improve traffic movement in the DPZ-12 area. One is north-south Anwara Road and the other is east-west Patiya Road, going to Cox’s Bazaar. Figure 4.24 illustrates the entire proposed road network for the DPZ 12. Primary Roads (District Distributor Roads): Both the north-south road and the eastwest links of Anwara Road are proposed to be widened to160 ft ROW. To promote industrial development in the north side of this DPZ, another existing road from Bridgeghat Moore to Shannaretak Moore to Anwara Road proposed to be widened to 120 ft ROW, to serve as a primary road. It is also proposed to extend this road to Patiya Road. Secondary Roads (Other Distributor Roads): In the middle part of this zone, the road between the Chowmohoni Bazaar Moore to KAFCO Moore should also be widened to 120 ft ROW to encourage future industrial development. In order to encourage industrial and residential development in the northern and southern part of this development-planning zone, a large number of north-south and east-west links have been proposed to develop on an incremental basis. Most of these links will have a ROW of 60 ft, except some to have a ROW of 40 ft to serve very local needs. A big part in the middle of the zone has been left instructed, because it has been purchased by a Korean investor, to be developed according to his or her own plan. Embankment-cum-Road: In order to protect the riverbank and to encourage future development on the riverside area of the DPZ-12, an embankment-cum-road is required to be built along the Karnaphuli River Bank on the Rangadia Growth Centre side from the Dakshin Purba Para to Shahdatnagar. The width of the embankmentcum-road would be 30 ft. e) Industrial: In the study it is observed that many industrial activity are already

exists along the Karnaphuli River and this zone are suitable for industrial development. The Korean Export Processing Zone and KAFCO Fertilizer Industries already capture a major portion of land and finally DAP study proposes about 10195 acres of land along the Karnaphuli River for industrial use. f) Leisure, Recreation, Parks and Open Spaces: About 3841 acres of the land of

the Parkir Char area are proposed for the Beach related recreational activity. Along the Bay of Bengal, all the areas of the coastal char are proposed for this activity. g) Utility Services: The present DAP study recommends that the responsible

agencies for the provision of utility services, will prepare their own detailed plan in respective fields

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h) Agricultural land: Due to the fertile land, south side of the Patiya road and east side

of the Anwara road are proposed for the agricultural land and for this, about 7081 acres of land are reserved for agriculture use. i) Coastal Afforestation: A linear 200ft afforestation programme has been proposed

along the Karnaphuli River. This afforestation programme may also incorporate other trees and bamboo for systemic felling for building purposes. Along the Bay of Bengal, all the areas of the coastal char are proposed for the afforestation programme and beside the east side of the proposed coastal embankment, 100ft coastal afforestation is proposed. 4.12.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENHANCEMENT:

Some of the guiding principles are as follows: i) Protection of Water bodies: All the water bodies and ponds of 0.5 acre and above

must be preserved under the guidelines of water body preservation (Chapter-3). The environments of some of the water bodies need to be improved by plantation on bank sides. Such pond can be used for community used. ii) Marine side forest: Considering the spectacular marine side view and to enhance

physical environmental quality, a 500m wide belt of marine side forest is proposed along the shoreline. In the intertidal zone, mangrove forest can be generated, but in the sandy beach area only evergreen species (Jhao) forest is recommended. This forest belt will act as a protection against cyclone and storm surges. iii) Green belt along River and Khal sides: The south bank of the Karnaphuli River needs to be protected from saline water intrusion and storm surges by polders. A green belt is recommendation along the embankment. All major khals, such as Shikolbaha khal should be rehabilitated; backlines should be marked and fixed. Along the backline there should be a buffer zone of green belt, up to 100 ft wide on both sides. iv) Treatment Plants: Major part of the area, particularly adjacent to the Karnaphuli

River, has been proposed to develop for industrial use. There is always a risk of pollution of the Karnaphuli from the industrial units. All polluting industries must have treatment plant, and must not discharge into the river without treatment. v) Protection of existing Hilly Areas: There are hill landmasses at the southern part of the zone and also on the south bank of Karnaphuli near KAFCO area. No further hill cutting and forest clearing would be allowed in these existing hilly areas. The remaining hill area must be preserved and kept under green forest coverage.

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05 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7

Implementation of the Plan.................................................................................. 5-1 The Role of CDA as a Local Planning Authority ................................................ 5-1 The Role of the Chittagong City Corporation (CCC).......................................... 5-2 The Planning Authority in partnership with other Agencies ............................... 5-2 Public Private Partnership – Subsidiary Development Companies ..................... 5-2 Legislative Provision on Land development Techniques .................................... 5-3 Further Legal Supporting Documents and Legislative Provisions ...................... 5-5

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CHAPTER-5 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION 5.1

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN

The Detail Area Plan is intended to provide a framework for the process of development in Chittagong over the next ten years upto 2015. Some of this change will be taken up by CDA, however, much of it will not be initiated by CDA but the Plan will provide the mechanism through which CDA will manage the process of change through the development control system. The Plan provides a framework of actions to be taken by various relevant agencies. However, by far the greatest share of resources will come from the private sector. The Plan wishes to encourage these investment decisions. However, currently no organization has a local planning role. Besides, CDA and CCC, other agencies will have to play equally important roles if the objectives of the Plan are to be achieved. The National Housing Authority will complement the actions of CDA to meet essential housing needs. Decisions of the education and health departments will have to be coordinated with the Planning authority. Currently no single authority has a local planning role. The city authorities (CDA and CCC) have little control on the pace of uncontrollable growth. Strengthening these organizations to undertake local planning functions, making legislative provisions for land development and area redevelopment and renewal, and establishing the role of development coordination is essential for implementing the Plan. 5.2

THE ROLE OF CDA AS A LOCAL PLANNING AUTHORITY

The current role of CDA is limited to undertaking a few road and site development (particularly residential areas) projects, and administrating the building control applications under the Building Rules framed under the East Bengal Building Construction Act 1953. It has no local planning role and has no interaction with the Local government body – the City Corporation. Legislative Changes: The CMMP 1995, in the report, “Recommended Institutional and

Legislative Changes” made recommendations for changes to the CDA Ordinance such as to undertake both land and building control functions. Institutional Changes: As reported, the institutional system has to be strengthened to

undertake a) strategic planning, b) local planning, c) development control and e) investment planning. To undertake Strategic and Local Planning and Development Control functions, the planning department of CDA has to be appropriately staffed to perform urban planning, development control and investment planning functions. Some 15 professional staff supported by technical staff has been recommended in the CMMP and this Plan supports 5-1

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this estimate. A Planning and Transportation Committee has been recommended to provide guidance to the development control department to deal with planning applications. A Multi Sectoral Investment Programme (MSIP) needs to be introduced to undertake investment-planning programme. The two major functions of this programme is to prepare, monitor and review all investment proposals by all organizations (public and large private) and prioritize projects at the local level, through a technical secretariat. In doing so, it will aid the Planning Commission to makes investment decisions at the national level. Development Coordination: The CMMP had proposed setting up of an independent

coordination council to ensure coordination of project and development activities, with its secretariat with CDA. One major aspect should be to establish technical co ordination with the CCC regarding local area development, development promotion and control. 5.3

THE ROLE OF THE CHITTAGONG CITY CORPORATION (CCC)

Currently the CCC has no planning role. In the near future urban local government has to be empowered and strengthened to undertake local planning role while CDA prepares the strategic functions and acts as a referral body for major decisions on development control. 5.4

THE PLANNING AUTHORITY IN PARTNERSHIP WITH OTHER AGENCIES

Legislative provisions have to be in place for CDA and CCC to undertake area development projects with active assistance form other agencies and the private sector. 5.5

PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP - SUBSIDIARY DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES

To achieve orderly and efficient growth particularly in the fringe areas, at a faster pace, private companies may work along with the government agencies such as the CDA, CCC or NHA. Subsidiary development companies may be formed for the purpose. The provision to form one or more Subsidiary Development Companies have been recommended in the CMMP report on Legislative changes in the CDA Ordinance (CMMP 1995) which is as follows: 1. In the current CDA Ordinance section 3 the following new subsections has to be added, namely: “a. The Authority may if it considers it expedient so to do for the better performance of its duties under this Ordinance establish one or more subsidiary development companies for the purpose of undertaking any of its functions in connection with the preparation and implementation of specific schemes of development and improvement and may delegate to any such company any of its powers and functions in this respect under section 29 and subsequent sections of Chapter IV. b. In the performance of any of the functions delegated to it by the Authority any such subsidiary development company shall be governed in all respects by the relevant provisions of this ordinance as if the functions were that of the Authority itself.

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c. A subsidiary development company established under the foregoing subsection (3) may 1) be wholly owned by the Authority 2) be partly owned by the Authority and partly by the public through the issue of shares for sale; or 3) be formed as a joint venture with one or more private persons or privately incorporated bodies, or with another public authority; Provided always that except with the approval of the Minister the ownership of the Authority in any such subsidiary company shall be not less than fifty-one percent.” 5.6

LEGISLATIVE PROVISION ON LAND DEVELOPMENT TECHNIQUES:

A major urban problem is fragmentation of land into different shapes and sizes and building construction without adequate access or drainage facilities. The only alternative to achieve orderly development retaining the interests of the existing landowners is a system known as ‘Land Readjustment’ (LR). Other similar techniques consist have, ‘Guided Land Development ‘where minimal change is anticipated or ‘Land Sharing’ which accommodates improvement to slums and squatters. In the inner city areas such as (Sadarghat, Reazuddin Bazaar, etc) urban redevelopment and renewal efforts have to be undertaken. A series of sites have been identified in the Plan for which a phased program should be carried out by CDA and CCC. Through land readjustment process, in exchange of larger parcel of raw land, owners get back a smaller serviced plot of higher value. A portion of the land designated for commercial use is sold in the market to recoup costs of roads, urban amenities (parks and play grounds) and costs of overheads. Through land readjustment the following types of urban development projects may be initiated. Sprawl prevention, b) Newtown development, c) Urban rehabilitation, d) urban reconstruction and e) urban center development. a) Statutory Provision: Participation of landowners is pivotal to the success of any such

participatory schemes. Though voluntary participation has been successful; to use it as an effective tool legal enforcement is required. Therefore a provision may be made where consent of a certain percentage of landowners gives the local government or the planning authority to undertake land readjustment or other forms of urban redevelopment projects. b) LR Bureau: Depending on how it is legally administered, there may be a need to create

an LR bureau at the national level to oversee LR activities, details of which has to be worked out by legal experts. The CDA/CCC will have to form a committee to ensure transparency. This will consist of government representatives, elected representatives, professionals, financial analysists and eminent citizens. Land owners representatives (may or may not) be included in the LR bureau but they will be the development committee for each project. c) Process: The basic steps are note below: ƒ

Willingness of a large number of landowners is often set as criteria for project selection but as LR process has not been demonstrated in the city development process, the city authority may select a project site. Once value addition is demonstrated to land owners, voluntary selection will become the criteria. Thus a 5-3

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preliminary site has to be identified. Number of landowners may vary from 20 to 200 or more. Identification of a parcel of land should be based on certain parameters such as easy access to the existing urban road network, scope of infill development, potential of land to increase in value to a lager extent. Land owners meeting and subsequent redefinition of project boundary Project planning Setting up of consultant committee consisting of landowner representatives, planners, representatives from other government utility organizations, Local government representatives including ward commissioners. Plotting and re-plotting and setting number of land parcels (this process will be repetitive subject to acceptance by majority of land owners whose opinion will be sought) Lease / disposal of financial / commercial plot/s Project construction Registration and title deed through the estate and legal department of CDA or CCC which ever initiates the project.

Initial financial support may be provided by the national or local government. LR fund may be created by the government CDA/ CCC. Land Sharing: Land sharing technique may be applied for granting land tenure or to

improve the housing conditions in slums. The principle of land sharing requires that part of the land area is cleared for commercial properties and the slum dwellers are re-housed on the remaining land. Infilling may be required where feasible. Existing structures have to be rebuilt to increase density. Active community participation is required to negotiate, allocate, demolish or rebuild structures. The marketing of commercial properties should generate sufficient funds for cost recovery. The share of commercial property to rehabilitated slum area will in principal be 50% but other variations are possible depending on resettlement demands and value of commercial property. The steps taken for community participation are as follows: a) identification of benefice community members b) selection of community leaders and allocation of responsibilities c) negotiation with actual land owners d) agreement on layout and house design e) allocation of plots among households, f) agreement on contracts for loans, land tenure g) organization of construction work h) clearing of site and erection of temporary shelters i) house building through own initiative j) settlement of disputes (if any) k) initiation of community development activities. For cost recovery six conditions must be met: a) a good price must be negotiated for land b) The peoples willingness to pay must be maximized c) cost of construction must be controlled d) commercial properties must be effectively marketed e) subsidies must be minimized and cross subsidies must be maximized. The National Housing Authority and the CDA and CCC should support slum reconstruction. Large development companies may be motivated to actively take part in slum renewal projects on a non profit basis as part of corporate social responsibility (CSR). In awarding large public sector projects, favorable consideration may be given on the basis of undertaking certain amount of renewal work in slums and squatters. 5-4

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Land Banking: The simplest and direct measure of financial feasibility is to buy lands in

advance of development particularly by CDA /CCC / NHA. It would purchase, hold manage, trade and sell land for the purpose of providing low cost housing in Chittagong and other essential urban projects. Joint ventures with the private sector may be undertaken to encourage private sector low income housing development. Land held in the bank should be put to productive use in the interim period. Unique revenue sources may be created to reduce dependence on government funds. Legal experts have framed the requisite legal provisions. 5.7

FURTHER LEGAL SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS AND LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS

The following sections provide some legislative provisions that have to be made to affect planned growth and implement plans at the local level. Control on Land Development and Land Subdivision: Currently there is no control on

actions on land particularly urban area. Urban or urbanizing land can be subdivided into plots and roads laid out at will. This practice compromises the ability for planned growth through provision of adequate infrastructure and urban amenities. Any operations on, under and over land, including subdivision of land should be construed as ‘development’ and as such appropriate control process has to be established. A planning or development control mechanism will be established which is separate from the current building construction control. The proposed changes to the CDA ordinance and the Urban Development Plan refer to these issues. Coordination on lease of land: The District Commissioners Office gives Lease of Government Khas land. This is done without any reference to the Master Plan or development control guidance or coordination with the planning authority (currently CDA). Housing companies have been given lease of land in the hills in contravention to the Use control. Brickfields are given site with little or no consideration or environmental protective guidance. This has lead to massive abuse of the hilly ecosystem. Coordination with the planning authority has to be made prior to lese of land for any particular use to ensure compatibility. Building Rules: The current Building Rules are inadequate to protect the urban environment. Mandatory provision of open space, permissible floor area as defined by FAR (floor area ratio) conservation of heritage buildings are some of the important aspects that need to be incorporated. Culture and Heritage: Statutory provision of conserving and preserving cultural and heritage building and sites has to be made and rules have to be formulated for cultural and heritage conservation. In the interim period a heritage committee may be formed consisting distinguished personalities from society with interest in arts, crafts and culture, imminent historians, urban planners and designers and architects, academicians with interest in city development along with elected representatives and the government. The Authority will assign an architect and urban planner with this responsibility. Leisure Recreation and Open Space: Further to the policies, individual and local area

provision this sector listed is measures to generate funds for implementing this category of use at a wider scale.

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06 SPECIAL PROJECT PLAN

6.1 Debarpar Lake Front Development ..................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Karnaphuli River Front Development Project ..................................................... 6-5

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CHAPTER-6 SPECIAL PROJECT PLAN 6.1

DEBARPAR LAKE FRONT DEVELOPMENT

6.1.1

Location of the Project

The project site is located at the East of Sheikh Mujib Road and at the south of Agrabad Commercial Area and west of Chittagong Commerce College.

Proposed Layout Plan of Debarpar Lake

6.1.2

Project Area

The proposed project has an area of 59.62 acres and the water body within it has an area of 13.91 acres. 6.1.3

Project Goals

The basic objective of the project is to develop a comprehensive recreational master plan at the south of Agrabad Commercial Area and on the eastern side of the Sheikh Mujib Road. This may be achieved by undertaking the followings: 6-1

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a) Develop recreation resources along the lake front to provide opportunities to experience and enjoy the lake front in many different ways. b) Provide a set of amenities and commercial system for the sustainability of the project and its different recreational activities. The greater the amenities provided by the project and the heavier the potential use, the greater the potential economic benefits are likely to be derived. c) The development will contain something for everyone- the young and the old, the health-conscious and the food connoisseur, the nature lover and the culture star. d) Preserve and strengthen the sustainability of this kind of sites through proper planning and beautification. 6.1.4

Environmental Quality Impact

Besides providing numerous ecological functions for the area it incorporates diverse plant and animal habitats and also acts as a natural filter, trapping sediment and cleansing surface water and provides an opportunity for recharge of groundwater systems. Protection of these natural functions, particularly in an urban area like Agrabad Commercial Area, has become a critical environmental quality issue of increased importance. 6.1.5

Social impact

It has a potential to possibly tend towards reducing crime rates in the juvenile groups and increase social interaction amongst people. 6.1.6

Target Beneficiaries

It is anticipated that the Recreation Centre will attract the following categories: a. b. c. d. 6.1.7

Children and the youths Men and Women Families Tourists

Concept

The proposed project includes provision for: i) ii) iii)

New architectural structures Preservation and relocation of certain existing structures Detailed landscape around the water body

6.1.8

New Architectural Structures

A.

Commercial Complex at the West

This consists of a twenty-storied monumental tower block located on the northwest corner of the site and adjacent to the Sheikh Mujib Road. This monumental tower building will create a grand entrance to the site as well as providing commercial activity. The ground floors of the four blocks will remain open and thus provide an uninterrupted view of the lakeside development for all the passers by from the Sheikh Mujib Road. There would be provision for underground parking facilities for users as well as visitors.

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These edifices will include elements as: ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ B.

Small/ Large shops Super marts Show rooms Cineplex Auditorium/ Seminar rooms Restaurants/ Coffee shops Children’s in-door games facilities etc.

Grand Plaza

The open ground floors of the commercial blocks meet an open plaza grand enough in scale and environment to act as a buffer space between the busy city life and the calmness of the lakefront. This can also hold the bulk of people in rush hours without creating chaos. C.

Railway Museum

A Railway Museum is proposed near the entrance of the site. Besides these complete structures the entire site has been defined with many recreational activities. It will contain following amenities: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i)

Coffee shops Sitting Arrangements for river viewers. Garden Toilet facilities Shrub Garden Group of sample gardens Paved walking path Children Sports Facilities Sliders or any other preferred sporting community/authority

equipment

selected

by

the

Some elements are described below D.

Amphitheatre Shaped structures

An open-air theatre has been proposed along the southern side of the lake for providing shaded sitting spaces for visitors and onlookers. This will facilitate the different smallscale cultural activities of the society. It has been proposed in a unique and beautiful setting to create magical theatrical experiences. Designed as an open air events space, the theatre consists of a simple circular shape made of simple materials. The edge of embankment will provide the sitting arrangements of the spectators. E.

Ghats (Lake View Gallery)

These are modules proposed at some intervals, which consist of raised seats, planter boxes, shades and series of steps for the lake onlookers to enjoy the lake view in natural environment. F.

Coffee shops

This would have coffee and snacks facilities for the visitors as well as some sitting arrangements for them. It would have toilet facilities for them too.

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Boat Houses

Two Boat Houses are provided at two opposite ends which would provide facilities for lake cruising with means of pedal operated pleasure boats. Component for the Water Recreational Facilities a. b. c. d. e.

H.

Booking Facilities office. Landing for Pedal Boats and other types of instruments. Dressing / Toilet facilities Sitting Arrangements Facilities for Sailing, Paddle Sports, Wind surfing, power boating etc.

Observatory

This is a monumental structure that would include the following functions besides working as an observatory: ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ

Office facilities Show rooms Small Auditorium/ Seminar Room Small Restaurants etc.

A long patch of rehabilitation area is also provided at the east of the site. 6.1.9

Preservation and Relocation of Certain Existing Structures

The existing two mosques will remain in their own places but the existing school is proposed to be relocated to provide space for creating a grand entrance to the site. Possibilities of Private Entrepreneurship It is considered desirable to allow the technical and maintenance requirements for the recreational area and services to be developed and managed by the private organizations. It would be necessary to select a suitable entrepreneur to run the lake front including the selection, purchasing and maintaining the different items of it. Same or different party may be awarded to construct and maintenance of individual zone. 6.1.10 Detailed Landscape

An extensive landscape is proposed with considering the visitors convenience. It is given due aesthetic considerations too. Different scales of trees and plants as well as materials are considered for creating a nice boulevard. 6-4

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The different elements of the site will be made of the proposed materials Proposed Materials Elements Walkways Raised seats Umbrella shaped roofs Embankments or Ghats Raised Planter Boxes Illumination

Materials Concord pavers or any other item equivalent Combination of concrete, granite and tiles Combination of concrete, Mirpur clay roof tiles or equivalent Concord pavers or any other item equivalent Combination of concrete, granite and tiles and stainless steel pipes Swash garden lighting fixture or equivalent

Internal trails A 3.0m wide trail has been proposed along the bank of the lake. The trail is designed at a certain distance to prevent any kind of accidents caused from being near the lake water. This trail will increase the mobility of the visitors within the park and also work as a continuous loop for the walkers. This would be linked with nearer roads at a few points. Landscaped Garden A module of a landscaped garden has been proposed at particular intervals. This is an area with raised seats with granite top as well as designed wrought iron concrete seats. The idea is to provide the visitors places for having the lake view in the midst of designed garden areas.

Sample of Concrete sitting tool Illumination The whole project areas have been proposed to be tastefully and creatively illuminated so that after sun set the spot will become another dreamland. 6.2

KARNAPHULI RIVER FRONT DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

6.2.1

Project Background

Preparation of Detailed Area Plan for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan is a planning project aimed with major objectives for improving and guiding the future development of Chittagong Metropolitan City with functional, flexible and aesthetic quality approaches. Detailed Area Plan is the third level (after Structure Plan and Master Plan) and the last stage of the composite planning process, which is an area specific micro-level development plan meant for execution in the form of project. Duration of a Detailed Area Plan will be from 3 to 5 years, that is, the plans will be executed during this period.

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Karnaphuli River Front Development Project and Detailed Area Plan

The River Karnaphuli is the pride of Chittagong. Virtually the whole Chittagong is laced and criss-crossed by the river Karnaphuli. Communities large and small along the Karnaphuli River have started discovering their river heritage, turning back to their riverfront and recognizing them as tremendous community and economic assets. People with more close to their home recreation facilities, including riverfront trails, boating and nature viewing are included here. In view of mass demand Chittagong Development Authority (CDA) has decided to develop a project on uplifting of the bank of the Karnaphuli by involving the communities and all other stakeholders involved in the process. As a result this proposal bas been prepared to develop the whole stretch of the bank of the Karnaphuli River that run along heart of the Chittagong Metropolitan City into a place which should become a place for recreation, relaxation and economic activities. The Karnaphuli River Front Development project has been prepared under the Detailed Area Plan as part of the DPZ-4 indicating the proposed area as Recreational Zones in Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan according to the need and resource availability. 6.2.3 ¾

Scope of the Project Introduction

The river Karnaphuli is no of the important Trans boundary river systems in the South Asia. Originating from the Lushai hill in Mizoram, India, it flows through Chittagong Hill Tracts and Chittagong into the Bay of Bengal. The mouth of the river hosts Chittagong seaport, the main port of Bangladesh. The Chittagong city has been developed on the west bank of the Karnaphuli River that still exists as the older part of the city and acting as an economical and commercial centre. ¾

Project Area

The project area is the western bank of the Karnaphuli River stretching from Kalurghat Bridge to Shah Amanat Bridge. 6.2.4

Project Goal

The prime goal of the project is to develop a comprehensive master plan on the western bank of the Karnaphuli River. The project objectives are as follows: a) Project, enhance and bring attention to the prime natural resource- The Karnaphuli River and its ecological system. b) To stop illegal encroachments, unplanned construction of different installations, random disposal of harmful wastes and garbage to the both sides of the River Karnaphuli. c) Develop recreation, economic, industrial, academic resources along the bank of the river to provide opportunities to experience and enjoy the riverbank in many different ways. d) To develop an environmentally sustainable network of recreational trial and riverside drive system with opportunities for loop routes of varying lengths connecting to different recreational activities. e) The development will contain something for everyone- the young and the old, the health-conscious and the food connoisseur, the nature lover and the culture star. 6-6

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f) To develop recreational resources along the riverbank in many different ways. g) The Karnaphuli River Front will be developing with sense belongingness amongst the 3 masses of Chittagong as well as bring in force legal safeguards to save the vital river and it’s banks. 6.2.5

Project Justification

1) Limited road network within Chittagong Metropolitan City. 2) Limited natural recreational facilities in Chittagong. 3) Existing Karnaphuli River bank is providing inadequate facilities & is badly maintained. 4) Existing Karnaphuli River has lost its fascination & charm due to poor planning & maintenance and illegal encroachment. 5) A proper planned river side drive / trail and recreational facilities along the Karnaphuli River will create a recreational resources unmatched in the region by preserving region’s major natural resources. 6.2.6

Expected End of Project Situation

A.

Economic Benefit

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. B.

Improved Link within City Creation of jobs Increase the quality of life styles Enhance property values Expand local business Increase local tax revenues Attract or relocating businesses Promote local community

Environmental Quality Impact

Ecological functions of the Karnaphuli River will be maintained / improved. C.

Social Impact

1. The Development will increase social interaction amongst people. 2. It will encourage people to visit the riverbank. 3. Participatory planning process will encourage community ownership of the project. D.

Target Beneficiaries

1. People of Chittagong; and 2. Tourists 6.2.7

Preliminary Planning Concept

1. The bank will be developed with a sense of belonging of Chittagong people; 2. River-side drive will be a pleasant experience to all visitors which will be connected to City Road Network as well as trails and different activities; 3. Basic concept of beautification is to bring the river back to the front of the city’s landscape; 4. Cyclone/ Tidal flow will be considered in the planning process; 5. Beautification will be with manicured gardens and tasteful illuminations; 6. There will be something for each age group and community; 7. Ample car parking facilities; 6-7

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8. The entire stretch will be dotted with several floating restaurants; 9. Open-air theatre will be developed in natural environment; 10. Water based recreational facilities will be developed in the project; 6.2.8

Design Concept Zoning

The project area along the Karnaphuli Riverbank will be divided into five zones along the proposed 300 ft wide Embankment cum Road. Zone 1: Linear Park/Green Network Zone 2: Reserve Land Park /Water Sports Facilities Boating – Boat Club, Landing Facilities, Toilet, dressing & Sitting Arrangements etc. Recreational facilities – Booking office, landing for Pedal boats, power boating, Wind surfing, Dressing, Sitting Zone 3: Residential/ Linear Park/ Green Network Zone 4: Extension of CDA Residential Area and Recreation Theme Park A Theme Park has been proposed in the bank of the Karnaphuli River. The history of and glory of Chittagong will be focused in this park with natural environment. The CDA / CCC or Government may choose any other theme for this Zone. Zone 5: Commercial cum Mixed Used 6.2.9

Natural Garden

1. Some natural gardens will be proposed along the Karnaphuli River. These will be comparatively in plain areas. It is hoped that Lots of visitors will choose these areas as resting places in evening. These will be developed to a natural park with sitting arrangement. 2. In some portions of the Karnaphuli river are offering some wonderful places to enjoy the beauty of the Karnaphuli River. Some areas will be developed with sitting arrangement to relax with the river in natural environment 6.2.10 Karnaphuli River Cruise service

A Cruise Service may be proposed to provide a romantic escape to enjoy the beauty of the Karnaphuli. 6.2.11 Karnaphuli Floating Restaurants

Some Floating restaurants may be proposed at different places of the river. 6.2.12 Karnaphuli Char Exploration Cable Car

A Cable car Service has been proposed to explore the beauty of Karnaphuli River and Char Area around north of Bakulia.

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07 PRIORITIES AND PHASING

7.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Fixation of Priorities ............................................................................................ 7-1 7.3 Phasing................................................................................................................. 7-2 7.4 Public Sector Action Program ............................................................................. 7-2

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CHAPTER-7 PRIORITIES AND PHASING 7.1

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter of the Draft Final Report, the consultant works out the approach to fix up the priorities and phasing of DAP projects. A two term phasing has been worked out considering the time period left out for execution of the Detailed Area Plan proposals. 7.2

FIXATION OF PRIORITIES

The Structure Plan made a phasing sequence based on a five-year plan period commensurate with the national five-year plan starting from 1995. It grouped projects to be implemented in three terms as follows: Structure Plan DAP Implementation Phase

Period

i. ii. iii.

: 1995-2000 : 2000-2005 : 2005-2015.

Short Term Medium Term Long Term

No attempt was made for preparation of Detailed Area Plan right after completion of the CMMP in 1995. The project started in the middle of 2005 a stipulated timeframe of 2 years. The project was supposed to be over by June 2007 that is within Structure Plan determined short and medium term period. But detailed area plan preparation is yet to be completed. No new five-year plan has been formulated after the fifth fiveyear plan. Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan (PRSP) has replaced the five-year plan. Considering the time period left for expiry of the Structure Plan and the level of preparation of the detailed area plan the consultant revise the phasing of DAP as follows: DAP Implementation Phase

Period

i Short Term ii. Medium Term

: 2007-2010 : 2011-2015.

All projects under the DAP will be executed during these two time frames. The projects will be sequenced as short term and medium term based on priority of execution. Determinants of prioritization of projects are: potentially of urban development in the area concerned urgency of problems the projects that can serve existing as well as new areas. The projects that will not be possible to be executed during the above two phases will be carried over to next phases to be worked out later in the next report.

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PHASING

The purpose of phasing is to establish development priorities. To achieve targets of Structure Plan objectives, both, sequencing and phasing of projects are important. Sequencing allows flexibilities in response to changes or fluctuations and phasing fits the projects at the right time period. Detailed phasing of all the DAP projects will be worked out in the Final Plan and Report. 7.4

PUBLIC SECTOR ACTION PROGRAM

Coordinated public sector action program is required as a part of Multi-Sectoral Investment Programme (MSIP). MSIP is an extremely difficult task and can not be accomplished by any single organization (like CDA) in isolation. To work out any such program will require top-level government decisions as it involves many ministries and departments. To make the decisions of MSIP binding on every ministry and its affiliated agencies it may even require legal provisions, which is beyond the capability of the consultant. Consultant does not hold any executive authority to make any official discussion with any government agency suggesting changes in their development project prioritization or budget. This responsibility lies with the client. Consultant can best set phased out sector wise projects against thumb rule budgets. But such projects it would have very little significance to ministries other than the Ministry of Housing and Public Works. The Structure Plan proposed many such policies and development proposals involving many ministries, but none of them receive any response other ministries/ departments. At this level of the project, where only the areas of development and only major projects have been identified in the Draft Final Report, it is not possible to earmark all details of micro-level sectoral projects for public sector action program. This task will be accomplished in the Final Report, but before that CDA will have to move the issue of MSIP and convince other relevant ministries to undertake coordinated development projects for CMMP area including coordination of development budget allocations. If this is not done the whole exercise will be a futile one.

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CHAPTER-8 CONCLUSION 8.1

Conclusion The Draft Final Plan Report speaks about the draft arrangements of the detailed development proposals and land use proposals of the Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP). This report proceeds with laying down the policy framework for preparation of the integrated plan and proposals for the most critical issues of the DAP area. Policy and proposals are mainly based on Structure Plan (1995-2015) policies and recommendations integrated with public and private sector commitments and opinions of the stakeholders. In some cases where the recommendations came in conflict with the changed situation or have been found unsuitable necessary modifications were carried out. The proposals have been prepared in detailed form at local level showing them in specific way through land use plans and development proposals. The road proposals show the primary, secondary and local distributor roads that are arterial and collector roads. Lowest level roads that are access roads have not been included in the Draft plan. These have been left with the Final Planning Map. Existing and new urban area DPZs boundaries have been pointed out in this report. Some readjustments have been made during re-defining the Urban Development Plan (19952005) delineated Zone for Detailed Planning Zones (DPZs). Modifications have been made in consideration of the actual development taken place in the DAP area. For participatory housing area development possible areas have been identified in the Draft Final Plan including the procedures and steps to develop participatory housing areas. Effective implementation of the DAP is the most important part of the total planning process. The process of execution needs to be carried out with care and efficiency in order to produce the best results. As the plans encompass almost all aspects of Urban development, physical aspects to social aspects, it is necessary that all the stakeholders should be involved in carrying out the implementation of the plan proposal. Implementation of large number of development projects under the DAP would require strong and capable management body. CDA is the custodian of the DAP for CMMP package. Therefore, execution of substantial part of the DAP proposals will depend on CDA and it will also be in overall charge of controlling and monitoring the execution progress. So, the planning department of CDA has to be appropriately staffed. Some 15 professional staff supported by technical staff has been recommended in the CMMP and this Report supports the estimate. For effective implementation of the DAP proposal, Planning Commission at national level must ensure that within the DAP area no project contrary to the provisions of the approved DAP is approved or fund allocated without clearance of CDA.

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ANNEX

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Annex -1 STRUCTURE PLAN POLICIES A.

Population

1. Pop.-01 of the expected growth of population as well as changes in its socioeconomic Characteristics. 2. Pop.-02 Provide for the rational distribution of population within the Metropolitan Area. 3. Pop.-03 Ensure that land is made available and services and facilities provided in accordance with the needs of the population. B.

Economy

4. Ecn.01 Encourage International businesses to locate in Chittagong 5. Ecn.02 Encourage central government to decentralize facilities from Dhaka 6. Ecn.03 Review with central government the impact of the existing industrial incentives scheme on Chittagong 7. Ecn.04 Improve conditions in existing industrial areas and ensure their full utilization 8. Ecn.05 Identify Locations for new Industrial areas 9. Ecn.06 Encourage central government to relax policies and regulations restricting the land area served by the port 10. Ecn.07 Ensure that reserves of land are available for the future expansion of the port and the airport 11. Ecn.08 Examine the potential for port related industrial activities on the south bank of the Karnaphuli 12. Ecn.09 Where established Agricultural, industrial and commercial operations are compatible with the objectives of the structure plan, the authority will work with these operations to overcome the constraints to their expansion 13. Ecn.10 Encourage the Development of prestigious office space in specific locations within the city 14. Ecn.11 Provide Assistance to small scale industrial and commercial operations 15. Ecn.12 Encourage the Development of tourism in Chittagong and in adjacent areas which would use the city as a base. C.

Spatial Development Strategy

16. Sds.01 Encourage the concentration of Development within the exiting urban area and its immediate surroundings 17. Sds.02 Discourage the Dispersal of urban development to the study area outside the city 18. Sds.03 Encourage the concentration of growth expected in the study area outside the city into a limited number of growth centres. 19. Sds.04 Make better use of vacant and underutilized lani within the existing urban area 20. Sds.05 Encourage peripheral expansion of the urban area in a single or a limited number of locations

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21. Sds.06 Encourage peripheral expansion of the urban area in three locations 22. Sds.07 Discourage urban development immediately adjacent to the coast 23. Sds.08 Discourage urban development immediately south of the Karnaphuli 24. Sds.09 Encourage port related industrial development on the south bank of Karnaphuli. D.

Housing

25. Hou.01 Assist with the identification and development of sites for government housing schemes 26. Hou.02 Assist with the identification and development of sites for private sector housing schemes 27. Hou.03 Promote the provision of sites and services schemes for the low and lowest income groups 28. Hou.04 Promote the upgrading of slum and squatter settlements 29. Hou.05 Monitor the principal aspects of the housing market in Chittagong. E.

Community Facilities

30. Com.01 Monitor the principal aspects of community facility provision in Chittagong. 31. Com.02 Assist with the identification and development of sites for government community facilities 32. Com.03 Assist with the identification and development of sites for private sector community facilities. F.

Transport

33. Stn.01 Encourage implementation of the immediate action plan 34. Stn.02 Encourage implementation of the early phases of the long term development strategy 35. Stn.03 Encourage the provision of improved access arrangements in certain parts of the urban area 36. Stn.04 Encourage the maintenance and further upgrading of regional and national road links 37. Stn.05 Consider the need for a new road southwards from Anowara to a crossing of the Shangu River 38. Stn.06 Encourage the development of feeder roads to serve the growth centres outside the city 39. Stn.07 Work with Bangladesh railways to secure the optimum use of land no longer required for operational purposes 40. Stn.08 Support existing Initiatives to improve the airport and ensure that reserves of land use are available for future expansion 41. Stn.09 Ensure that the needs of coastal and inland waterway transport are understood and that, either by its own efforts or the efforts of others, these needs are catered for 42. Stn.10 Ensure that the road transport needs of the pori are catered for 43. Stn.11 Ensure that reserves of land are available for future expansion of the port.

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Infrastructure Services

44. Inf.01 Explore with the concerned agencies, low cost methods of supplying individual services 45. Inf.02 Support central government initiatives to introduce methods of provision which make less of a Demand on the resources of government 46. Inf.03 Explore with the concerned agencies the scope for related funding or individual services more closely to need 47. Inf.04 Develop Multi-sectoral investment programming as a method of allocating resources 48. Inf.05 Use the trend projection of population and economic activity to guide the location of infrastructure services in the medium term 49. Inf.06 Direct infrastructure provision to areas where it wishes to encourage new urban development 50. Inf.07 Emphasize the need for adequate budget and institutional arrangements to be made for the maintenance of existing infrastructure services 51. Inf.08 Work with the supplying agencies in identifying sites for their operational land. H.

Flood Control and Drainage 52. Fcd.01 Take action related to the ancillary issues covered by the storm water drainage and flood control master plan 53. Fcd.02 Encourage implementation of the first phase works of the storm water drainage and flood control master plan.

I.

Urban Land Development 54. Uld.01 Explore and implement means of increasing the number and page of government land development projects 55. Uld.02 Explore and implement, with the private sector, means of increasing the number and pace of private sector land development projects 56. Uld.03 Promote upgrading of the existing urban area 57. Uld.04 Assist the transition of areas on the fringes of the existing urban area from non-urban to urban use 58. Uld.05 Ensure that land is made available for all income groups 59. Uld.06 Reconsider the role that development control plays in the planning and management or urban development 60. Uld.07 Identify Alternative mechanisms to steer development towards areas which are regarded as suitable for development and away from those which are regarded as unsuitable 61. Uld.08 Encourage the development of unused or underutilized land within the existing urban area 62. Uld.09 Ensure that in the areas where peripheral expansion of the urban area is to be encouraged, the physical constraints to the development of land are overcome.

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Rural Land Development 63. Rld.01 Review the selection of growth centres and prepare guidelines for their development 64. Rld.02 Ensure that development is compatible with the broad land use zoning shown in the structure plan map 65. Rld.03 Limit industrial development outside the existing urban area and the proposed extensions to the urban area 66. Rld.04 Ensure that decisions to establish new extractive industries take account of the environmental and socio-economic consequences of the activity 67. Rld.05 Encourage the development of non-urban uses such as agriculture and forestry on land on the

K.

Environmental Quality 68. Env.01 Take environmental issues into account in all decisions related to the future development of Chittagong 69. Env.01 Impose restrictions on the location of new polluting manufacturing processes and identify suitable locations for their establishment 70. Env.03 Monitor the adverse environmental impacts of existing manufacturing processes and take measures to reduce such impacts to acceptable levels 71. Env.04 Ensure that hill cutting is carried out with a view to creating developable sites needed within the next five to ten years and that it is carried out in a way that minimizes the adverse environmental impacts. 72. Env.05 Reduce noise levels from the worst noise nuisance 73. Env.06 Identify and protect areas of ecological significance.

L.

Prestige Projects 74. Prs.01 Pursue a limited number of high profile projects 75. Prs.02 Conserve buildings and monuments of cultured, architectural and historic interest 76. Prs.03 Protect and enhance significant areas of open space within the city.

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Annex -2 GUIDANCE NOTES ON STANDARDS A) HOUSING/RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS/HOUSING DEVELOPMENT 1.

LOW INCOME AND WORKERS HOUSING

1.1

Row housing sites This category may be site and services or built units within small or large schemes: a) Min site area to permit row housing b) Minimum plot size: c) Min. width of plot b) Maximum no. of plots in a row: c) Maximum plot coverage: d) Maximum ht. of building e) Min. front setback f) Corner plots will be splayed. g) Means of access

Guidance Note 01

1000 Sq. m. 65 Sq. m. 8.5 .m 10 units 80% 9.5 m. 1.5 m. Min. 1.5 m. 3.6 m. to 6 m.

1.2 Row House for Economically Weaker section a) Minimum Plot size: b) Min width of plot c) Max. no. of plots in a row: d) Max. ht. of building: 1.3

30 Sq. m. /.75 katha 5 m. to 8m. 8 nos. ground plus one

Row housing room units a) Minimum room size per person: b) Maximum no. of rooms in a row: c) Min frontage d) Open space cum road if front: e) Min. distance between blocks: g) Max. length of pedestrian paths

6- 8 Sq. m. 10 units 5 m. Min. 10’ pedestrian only 2.5 m. 40 m.

1.4 Mass scale Minimum Housing (option -particularly for flood prone areas) These may be built on stilts of at least 8’ clear ht. with the ground floor (25%) for shops and work related uses such as tailoring, laundry, rickshaw garage. The maximum floor area will be 55 to 60 Sq. m. 1.5 Low income workers flats a) b) c) d) e)

Allowable ground coverage: 80% coverage Maximum no of floors: Walk up – Six floors Recommended Five floors Mandatory provision for common facilities including kitchen markets in the ground floor. Floor area/family unit 350 - 400 Sq. ft.

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IMPROVEMENT OF TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENTS THROUGH LAND MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES Guidance Notes 02 Spontaneously developed areas suffer from fragmented ownership, dereliction, water logging, encroachments of natural khals and waterways, poor access and poor environmental conditions. The scale of complexity in upgrading these sites will require concerted efforts by government, NGO’s, private and public sector cooperation. Through Land Readjustment or guided land development or land pooling areas need to be upgraded. LR Techniques are discussed Chapter 4 on Implementation. Recommendations are being made to achieve the following standards particularly for middle-income communities. 2.1.

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

An access road network with slow traffic local roads of min. 20’ with a 12’ carriageway, 1 ft for utility corridors on either side and 3’ of walkways on either sides and drainage reserves of 3’ on either side either as additional space or below the walkway as is recommended for each particular site. Depending on area to be developed site topography, retention of 5 % to 10% area for retention of floodwaters in the flat plains. This may be in the form of linear waterways or large/small water bodies to be used as urban amenity areas. Ensuring establishment of a primary school in every NH of within maximum of 15 minutes walking distance and a secondary school encompassing four to five neighborhoods or within a maximum of 30 minutes walking distance Ensuring that each primary school has a min. play lot. Given the existing situation in urban areas, this is difficult to quantify. Efforts should be made to at least secure 200 Sq. m. All secondary schools will have a playground of min. 500 sq m. This open space can also be used for the community. Recommended standards in the Baysharkari……… 2004 may be followed for other amenities. Particular reference has to be made for the provision of kitchen markets, local shopping and social facilities such as community halls.

Guided Land Development: Under this technique low income area may create lands for ROW’s for roads and footpaths, reserves for community and social services such as schools, shops, play grounds etc. A crude assessment of land use may be as follows: 2.6 Allocation of land Plots Roads/footpaths Community Facilities

Min % 60% 15% 10%

Max % 75% 20% 15%

These standards are not designed for high car ownership and have to be restricted for low income NH without major public sector investment.

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RENEWAL PARTICULARLY OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS

Guidance note 03

The following considerations will be made: 3.1 The Authority will not allow development which will have an unacceptable impact on residential areas. The Authority will take decisions on the impact of noise, traffic generation, air pollution, road safety and urban amenities. 3.2 The Authority will consult with the local people/ landowners to allocate land for productive uses, expansion of greenbelts, other open spaces, walkways, and play areas. The following standards are recommended: HI areas: MI LI

min 15% of area 10 % of area 5–7% of area

The minimum size of such open space will be 450 Sq.m. A low barrier of max. 2’ high will be created to protect the open space from any other development. 3.3 The renewal and redevelopment schemes will cater to the employment needs of the local people. 3.4 In undergoing renewal care should be made to preserve important architectural and cultural heritage and other such elements including major tress and landscape elements. 3.5 Renewal should make a positive contribution towards the city environment. Attention will be paid to flood retention and it’s multiple uses as open space and the general provision of open space. 4.

REVITALISE GOVERNMENT HOUSING SCHEMES H 04

Guidance Note 04

In revitalizing government schemes the following considerations are proposed: 4.1 Consider walk up and high rise development for government (75%) and the rental market (25%) to recoup capital, maintenance, and administrative costs. 4.2 Consider 50% for low income, 40% as middle income and 10% for high income employees/population. 4.3 Consider ground floor as parking and provision of urban amenities supporting the residential area such as kitchen market, laundry, hairdresser. 4.4 Consider say 10% of total floor space as such urban amenity space to be rented to the market to generate income for the government and community maintenance. Other development standards 4.5 FAR value unlimited. (subject to road width and traffic generation of surrounding area) 4.6 Open to sky land 35% . Consider 15% tree plantation and landscaped area within this limit. A part of this space may be shared with wider community. 4.7 Consider rain water recharge and retention. 4.8 Consider education and health facilities ( to serve the greater community). 4.9 Consider 5% of flats in the ground floor for universal access.

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SELECTED STANDARDS FOR HOUSING AND LAND DEVELOPMENT 5.

RECOMMENDED OPEN SPACE ALLOCATION FOR DIFFERENT INCOME GROUP HOUSING DEVELOPMENT Guidance Note 05 5.1 Government funded projects should make provision for all income groups. The use of spaces LIG MIG HIG a) Public use 18 - 20% 25% 25% b) Semi Public use 5 – 7 % 10 – 12% 20% c) Private use 75% 60% 50% d) Unusable 1–2% 3-5% 5% Private useable areas may be increased to 80% of total project area for economically weaker section of the population as declared by the government. 5.2a For any layout subdivision for Residential / Commercial layout subdivision exceeding 20 acres in addition to the open space reservation (4.2) provisions will be made for community amenities: 5.2b For layouts less than 20 acres and upto 10 acres half of this reservation has to be provided. Areas will be reserved proportionately as per the decision of the Authority.

5.3 Residential densities As prescribed in the Baysharkari Bhumi Unnayan Nithi (Non government land development policy) 2004, a residential density of 350 persons may be applied, but within this range there may be variations to create a mix of HH types. Much higher densities may be allowed in the city centres provided significant urban open spaces are created. Standards alone cannot create residential communities; creative design talent has to be incorporated. 5.4 Other Provisions i) Shopping centre 500 sq m and larger depending on project area ii) Utility Electric Sub-station 12m x 12m min. or as per project requirement to be determined by the Authority iii) Garbage collection 12m x 12m min. or as per project requirement to be determined by the Authority 5.5 Additional Requirements For developments above 100 acres additional the authority for transport/amenities/socio cultural will impose facilities needs such as: • • • • •

Parking stands for taxi, CNG, rickshaw Bus stop / bay Post office Kitchen market etc Public promenades for cultural gatherings

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5.6 Open Space For any layout subdivision, Residential/Industrial/Commercial, 10% of the layout area to be reserved as park, play area, and recreational space. No open pace to be less than 450 sq m. The space will have an independent means of access. It will be developed with greenery, landscaped and protected by low wall of max, 2’ height. 5.7 Schools For any layout subdivision for Residential/Commercial layout subdivision exceeding 20 acres in addition to the open space reservation provisions will be made for community amenities: 43200 Sq m./1 acre. For layouts less than 20 acres and upto 10 acres half of this reservation has to be provided. Areas will be reserved proportionately as per the decision of the Authority. 6.

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Guidance Note 06

The following recommendations have been made for multi family apartments: 6.1 Multi Family Apartments a) b) c) d1) d2) e)

Max. floor area based on FAR recommendations Max covered (plinth) area 40 to 60% of plot depending on size and road width. Min. Plot area: 460 Sq.m. Play space for children : 5% of plot area for plots upto 2000 sq m. “ 10% above 2000 Sq. m./1.5 bighas Promotion of development of roof garden on all multistoried buildings to reduce radiant heat, and provide additional green space.

6.2 Rain Water Conservation In Multi Family Schemes/Other institutional and Commercial Schemes: a) Percolation Pits: Paved surface within plots to have percolation pits of 3’x 3’ filled with small pebbles or river sand and covered with perforated concrete slabs for 30% of paved surface around buildings. b) Roof water collection (optional requirement): The terrace shall be connected to a sump or the well through a filtering tank by PVC pipe. A valve system shall be incorporated to enable the first part of the rainwater collected to be discharged out to the soil. A filtering tank measuring 3 to 4 feet square can be constructed near the sump. A tank can be divided by a perforated slab and one part should be filled by small pebbles and permeable brick chips. The bottom portion of the tank should have a slope to avoid stagnation of water. c) Open Grounds (optional): A portion of open ground to act as percolation surface by removing top soil and replacing with river sand. Area will vary according to site. d) Roof Garden: Promotion of development of roof garden on multistoried buildings is recommended to reduce radiant heat, and provide additional green space.

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Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

6a. BOUNDARY WALLS Boundary walls of all government facilities, institutional buildings, industrial estates will be made see through as far as is applicable. At least 50% of area should be made see through for visual connection of urban spaces. 6a.1 In government sites (other than high security buildings) efforts should be made to transformed the open site areas as urban open spaces. 7.

DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS–INDUSTRIAL AREA

Guidance Notes 07

7.1 Development standards for land located with the General Industrial and Light Industrial areas provided within the Planning Area. a) b) c1)

c3) d)

e)

f1)

f2)

g)

h) 7.2

Setbacks: Front: Side and Rear: Car Parking:

6 metres. In accordance with the Building Rules A minimum of one bay per 50mof Gross Floor Area in the Light Industrial Area c2) 2 bay per 100mof Gross Floor Area in the General Industrial Area. Car parking bays must be a minimum dimension of 5.5 metres deep by 2.5 metres wide. Landscaping: A minimum of 10% site of the site area is required to be set aside for landscaping. The landscaping areas are usually provided along the front of the property. Access ways: The minimum width of internal access ways and driveways is to be 4.5 metres, however, if the size of the lot makes the provision of an access way of that width impracticable then the Authority may permit an access way of a narrower width but in no case less than 3 metres in width. Drainage: All storm water runoff from hard stand and roof areas are to be collected and disposed of onsite into drainage soak wells. In the Light Industrial Areas, the lots must be provided with a connection point to an internal drainage system. Liaison with the relevant drainage engineering section of the city corporation/planning authority has to be made for final design confirmation. Effluent Disposal Systems: All industrial lots within the planning area where unsewered and must be provided with an onsite effluent disposal system. Please liaise with relevant City corporation/Authority's relevant department. Efforts will be made to conserve rainwater.

All facades of any building as seen from an adjoining road shall be constructed of sufficiently high standard to complement the locality.

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Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

7.3 Additional Facilities in Major sites: In all industrial development in excess of 10 ha in addition to the Open space requirement of 10% of site the following provisions shall be made for the following amenities:

8.

a)

The net area for plots or building sites shall include all saleable areas including the above amenity sites. Industrial plots along with the amenity sites shall not exceed 60% of the total site area.

b)

Tree plantation: 15% of site area will have tree cover for all manufacturing industries. Tress will be selected as per direction of Authority. A manual will be prepared for the purpose.

c)

Site Buffer: A buffer with trees of at least 5m should be created when a road or other use abuts a manufacturing industry.

d)

Gate Setback: The main security control at entry will be offset from the road such that a waiting vehicle can stall clear of the ROW of road and footpath.

WORKSHOPS AND SMALL MANUFACTURING UNITS

Guidance Note 8

Recommendations are made to promote the development of large sheds, which can be divided into small sections for small-scale operations. Each such workshop shall have waiting space for a number of carts, or small vans. Design standards to be determined at individual sites. As spaces are made available through the private sector or a combination of public and private sector, the present tradition of lining all roads with workshops shall be discouraged through fiscal measures and gradually stopped particularly along all major roads. 9.

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS ON MAJOR ROADS

Guidance Note 09

Recommendations for road front plot width: • 9a.

Min 60 ' width on road width 60' and corresponding width of roads upto 120'.

Shopping and Kitchen Markets

It should be the policy for local shopping to expand in a few locations with defined and adequate setbacks for pedestrian and vehicle movement, entry and dropping and parking including rickshaws and three wheelers. Rows of shops along roads must have a minimum setback of 3 m. from the property line after making adequate provision for pedestrian movement as prescribed in roads and footpaths standards. Provision shall be incorporated with Land Readjustment schemes. 10. PARKS/PLAY GROUNDS a) b) c) d)

NH Community City Regional

Guidance Note 10

1 acre / 5000 pop. 1 to 3 arce 10 – 15 acres 5 acres / 10,000 population 5 acres / 20,000 population

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Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

11. FOOTPATHS

Guidance Note 11

Most roads in the city have no footpaths or where there is one it is inadequate for the purpose. Mass bus transport cannot be introduced without incorporating footpaths in the city road network. There is no ROW for utility infrastructure such as light posts, telephone poles. It will be the policy of the Authority / local government to introduce footpaths and make these reservations. Recommended standards are given below. Road type a) b) c) d)

Primary roads Secondary /district distributor Local Distributor Local Access

Utility and pedestrian passage zone 8’ 6’ 5’ to 6’ 3’

In existing areas these standards may be relaxed by a maximum of one foot in c and d and will be at the decision of the Authority. In existing areas where footpaths do not exist or is inadequate in width a statutory provision shall such that all road front development voluntary makes this contribution to the CCC for public access. The provision will be mandatory for all new applications. For all existing structures The Authority / CCC will negotiate and take decisions. Some incentive such as tax reduction or other may be introduced. 12. NATURAL CREEKS AND KHALS

Guidance Notes 12

The aim of this note is to protect all natural creeks in the city and surroundings from environmental pollution and to use them as parkways (pedestrian and cycle ways) for leisure and communication. Green belt reservations have to be provided on both sides on the entire stretch. Flowering and other trees to be selected on consultation with landscape architect. The width of this green strip will depend on the existing conditions. The following conditions will apply: o A minimum reservation of 12ft on each side. o The reservations will consist of green vegetative strip and a cycle way within or adjacent to park and residential zones and other NMT in business zones. o Benches where appropriate o Small provision shops where appropriate. o Public toilets where appropriate o Security lights o Telephone booths where appropriate

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Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

Annex -3 CMMP RECOMMENDED ROAD HIERARCHY The road hierarchy proposed within the urban area of Chittagong consists of four levels, namely: Road Hierarchy

1. Primary distributors - 22m to 48m (Including Collector Road) 2. District distributors - 22m to 48m (Including Collector Road) 3. Local distributors - 10m to18m 4. Access roads - 6m to 10m The cross-sections of above road hierarchy are shown below PRIMARY DISTRIBUTORS At minimum, Primary Distributors should have reserves of 22 and cross-sections as follows: 22m

2.5

3.5

3.5

3

3.5

3.5

2.5

HSB C C D C C HSB In areas where the Primary Distributors also provide access to roadside development, it will be necessary to provide collector roads. Stopping on or frequent entrances/exists from roadside development are incompatible with the function of Primary Distributors. Depending on the circumstances, collector roads may be required on either or both side of the Primary Distributor. These may need to be one-way (usually in the direction of the carriageway with which they are associated) or two-way. A typical cross-section of a two-way collector is: 13m 2

3

3

3

D C C A typical cross-section of a one–way collector is : 10m 2

HSP

F

3 3

D

3

C

2 HSP

F

At maximum the reserve required for a Primary Distributor is therefore 48m. (22 + 13 + 13). Variations, between the maximum and minimum, will be appropriate, depending on circumstances. Junctions on Primary Distributors should not closer than 1 km. apart.

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Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

DISTRICT DISTRIBUTORS Reserves and cross-sections for District Distributors should be as for Primary Distributors. Junctions on District Distributors should not however be closer than 500m. apart. LOCAL DISTRIBUTORS Local Distributors should have reserves of 18m. and cross-sections as follows: 18m 3

2.5

3.5

3.5

F

HSP

C

C

2.5

3 HSP

F

Local Distributors will be single carriageway roads. Stopping on Local Distributors and frequent entrances/exists from roadside development are compatible with their function. Junctions on Local Distributors should not be closer than 250m. apart. ACCESS ROADS Access Roads generally have reserves of 10m. and cross-sections as follows: 10m 2

2 3

F

C

3 C

F

Access Roads will again be single carriageway roads. Stopping on them and frequent entrances/exists from roadside development are compatible with their function. Junctions on Access Roads should not be closer than 100m apart. Smaller reserves and cross-sections will be appropriate for Access Roads serving limited development (residential cul-de-sacs for example). In such instances the minimum reserves should be 6m and the cross section as follows: 06m 1 F

4 C

1 F

Abbreviations used area as follows: C D HSB HSP F

Carriageway Riased Divider between Carriageways Hard shoulder for breakdowns Hard shoulder for parking Footpath

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Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

Annex- 4 AREAS AND BUILDINGS REQUIRING PRESERVATION AND CONSERVATION FOR HISTORICAL, ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENTAL OR ECOLOGICAL POINT OF VIEW PRELIMINARY LIST 1. SULTANI : MONUMENTS Sl. No 1.1 1.2

Name Badr Auliya Tomb: known as Bara Auliyar Desh Shah Qatal Tomb: A square tomb

Ward/Location Boxirhat Katalganj, Sulokbahar

2. MUGHAL: MONUMENTS Sl. No 2.1 2.2 2.3

Anderkilla Shahi Jame Mosque Hamza Khan Mosque and Tomb Hazi Mosque now in ruins

2.4

Mullah Miskin Mosque and Tomb

2.5

Wali Khan’s Mosque: Built by Mughal Fauzdar Wali Beg Khan Kadam Mubarak Mosque

2.6

Name

Ward/Location Anderkilla Panchlaish Pahartali Mauza (beside the railway track west of Dewanhat Over Bridge) Ward-2 on the eastern slope of a hill known as Madrasa Pahar Chandanpura mahallah Chawkbazaar Jamal khan Ward

3. COLONIAL TIMES: INSTITUTIONAL/GOVERNMENT USE Sl. No 3.1

3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7

Name Darul Adalat: now in ruins

Court Building (1892-3) and site General Hospital: (1840) including the hill site Nachghar 2 Storied Red Building (Fire Brigade Station Chandanpura) Central Railway Building: (1872) Wooden Bungalow No L/1: (1887) Wooden Bungalow No T/1: (1887) Dc's Bungalow DC Hill

Ward/Location Madrasa Pahar (Mohsin College Campus) Court Hill Anderkilla Anderkilla Enayetbazaar opp. Chandanpura mosque Enayetbazaar Segun Bagan, Pahartali Enayetbazaar Buddhist Temple Road

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Preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for Chittagong Metropolitan Master Plan (CMMP)

3.8 Mirzar Pool: Bridge on the Hathazari Road 3.9 Battali Railway Station: (1896) 3.10 Karnaphuli Railway Bridge (known as Kalurghat Bridge) (1931) 3.11 Old Circuit House (Zia Sriti Jadughar): 1913 3.12 Pahartali Railway Workshop 3.13 Chittagong Police Hospital 3.14 Police Armory 3.15 The European Club 3.16 Main building Chittagong Club 3.17 J.M. Sen Hall (Town Hall) 3.18 Water Works

Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

Muradpur, Sulokbahar

Bagmonirum Pahartali Lalkhan bazaar Bagmonirum Pahartali Dewan bazaar Bagmonirum

OTHER MISC. STRUCTURES (PRIVATE) 3.18 Kamalakanta Theater Hall: First public hall

Sadarghat Road (Converted to Lion Cinema the first Cinema house in Chittagong)

3.19 Chinese Restaurant, Station Road

Alkaran

3.20 GEC first neon sign posting in Chittagong

GEC Crossing

3.21 Petrol station (Opp. Barik Building) Sk. Mujib Road 3.22 Grindlays Bank Building

Sadarghat Road

3.23 Shaw Wallace Building

Sadarghat Road

3.24 Private residence

Sadarghat Road

4.0 RESIDENTIAL HOUSES (PRIVATE) Sl. No 4.1 4.2 4.3

Name Malum Bari Wooden Bungalow

Shaha’s House, Nandir Hat (Outside City) K. Sen’s House seven storied masonry structure 4.4 J.M. Sen’s House 4.5 N.N. Paul building with banyan tree (Opposite DC Hill) 4.6 Residence of Hati Company 4.7 Ruins of Sir William Jone’s House 4.8 Dubash House 4.9 Mia Khan Residence 4.10 Residence of Hamidullah Khan 4.11 Ispahani Manzil

Ward/Location Maddahya Halishahar Ward-38 Sadarghat Ward Rahmatganj

Sarson Road

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Report-IV (Draft Final Plan Report)

5. RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS Sl. No 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7

Name Chandanpura Mosque K.S.Abdul Hakim Mosque St. Mary’s Church Patharghata Church Love Lane Church Second World War Graveyard Shadur Pahar

Ward/Location

Mansurabad Jamal Khan Ward-21 Patharghata Ward Jamal Khan Ward-21 North of Ctg. cantonment ward-01

6. PAKISTAN PERIOD Sl. No 6.1

Name Jamuna Bhaban

Ward/Location Sk. Mujib Road, Agrabad

………………………………..

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