Daños en Carretera Asfalto y Solución

 

?. Hoÿms f` g gorrftfr orrftfro o ose oseoctm octm y s smcugd÷ mcugd÷` ` mgosdm`fs m`fs sf prfsf`to` hoÿms f` cos gorrftfros gorrftfros hfjdhms o co gorlo hf F` `uifrmsos mgosd trïedgm quf smpmrto`. @ms f`gm`troims osé, gm` quf iugbos goczohos `m oluo`to` cms gm`td`ums fseufrzms o cms quf fstï` smiftdhos. Fstm bogf quf cos véos `m ccfluf` o ocgo`zor co vdho ûtdc quf sf cfs bojéo prfvdstm m gocgucohm f` u` prd`gdpdm.  O gm`td`uogd÷` voims o o`ocdzor cos pmsdjcfs gousos quf lf`fro` hoÿms f` cos gorrftfros; 

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D`grfif`t D`grfi f`tm m hfc trï trïedg edgm m, eu eu`h `hoi oif`t f`toc ocif if`t `tf f hfc tr trïe ïedg dgm m pf pfso sohm, hm, qu quf f puf pufhf hf ouif`tor iïs rïpdhm hf cm quf sf bojéo prfvdstm f` co eosf hf pco`dedgogd÷` hf co gorrftfro. Gm`hdgdm`fs gcdiïtdgos ohvfrsos, ohvfrsos , pmr fkfipcm, u` gocf`toidf`tm fxgfsdvm y erfguf`tf huro`tf cms ifsfs hf vfro`m. Gm` fc gocmr, fc oseoctm pdfrhf fcostdgdhoh y sf prmhugf` hfemriogdm`fs hf tdpm pfrio`f`tf. Eotdlo hf cms iotfrdocfs. Co iotfrdocfs. Co hurogd÷` hf cos gorrftfros pufhf vfrsf rfhugdho sd sf fipcfo` ifzgcos hf oseoctm d`ohfguohos m fxtf`hdhms hfefgtumsms, pmr fkfipcm, huro`tf co gmipogtogd÷`. Cms hoÿms f` cos gorrftfros sf io`dedfsto` gmim hfemriogdm`fs, edsuros y pärhdhos hf iotfrdoc. Fstms hoÿms d`ecuyf` `flotdvoif`tf f` co gm`huggd÷` y ohfiïs oefgto` o co sflurdhoh hfc trïedgm, pmr cm quf hfjf` rfpororsf o tdfipm. Wd sf rftroso co rfporogd÷` hf co gorrftfro, sf lf`frorï` hoÿms oû` ioymrfs f d`gcusm sf pufhf ccflor o hfstrudr tmhm fc edrif hf co goczoho.

cms hoÿms f` fc povdif`tm d`emrio` smjrf su gm`hdgd÷` y cos gousos pmsdjcfs hf co idsio.

 

?. Edsuros; • Cm`ldtuhd`ocfs m Gousos;  Guo`hm fstos surlf` f` fc fkf hf co goczo goczoho ho fs pmr u` ioc prmgfsm gm`strug gm`strugtdvm1 tdvm1 pmr  u`o ifzgco oseïctdgo iuy réldho, pmr u`o gm`sto`tf gorlo f` zm`os portdgucorfs, gmim fs fc gosm hf cos quf surlf` f` fc posm hf cos rufhos hf cms vfbégucms1 Xoijdä` surlf` pmr osf`toidf`tms quf cf pufhf` mgurrdr o josfs d`efrdmrfs, josf m sujroso`tf, pmr gmipogtogdm`fs ioc rfocdzohos. m @dvfc hf hftfrdmrm;  hftfrdmrm;   @dvfc jokm hf hftfrdmrm; O`gbm hf cos edsuros if`mrfs o 7 idcéiftrms y lrdftos sd` pmsdjdcdhoh hf hftfrid`or su o`gbm.  @dvfc Ifhdm hf hftfrdmrm; Fc o`gbm hf cos lrdftos vo` hfshf cms 7 idcéiftrms bosto cms :> idcéiftrms, fstos rmhfohos pmr lrdftos joko sfvfrdhoh. :4  @dvfc Octm hf hftfrd hftfrdmrm; mrm; Fc o`gbm hf cos lrdftos supfro supfro` ` cms :> idcéiftrm idcéiftrms, s, m oclu`o lrdfto hf o`gbm ifhdm if`mr o :> idcéiftrms y rmhfoho pmr lrdftos hf ifhdo m octo sfvfrdhoh.

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• Xro`svfrsocfs   Cos cfgbohos oseïctdgos sm` u` sdstfio hf rfvfstdidf`tm hf povdi pov dif`t f`tms ms hf op opcd cdgo gogd gd÷` ÷` f` er erém ém gm gmip ipufs ufstm tm pm pmrr u`o if ifzg zgco co hf fi fiuc ucsd sd÷` ÷` (`mrioc (`m riocif`t if`tf f hf qudf qudfjrf jrf cf` cf`tm) tm),, olrf olrflohm lohms s sfc sfcfgg fggdm` dm`ohms ohms,, olu oluo o y rfc rfccf` cf`ms ms id`f id `froc rocfs fs/e /edc dccf cfrs rs td tdpm pm gf gfif if`t `tm m m go goc, c, hd hdst strdj rdjud udhos hos u` u`de demr mrif ifif if`t `tf f sm smjr jrf f co supfredgdf hf u` povdif`tm Gousos;  Ifzgcos oseïctdgos iuy réldhos, ku`tos ioc rfocdzohos.  @dvfc hf hftfrdmrm;  hftfrdmrm;    @dvfc jokm hf hftfrdmrm; Edsuros `m sfccohos hf o`gbm d`efrdmrfs o 7 idcéiftrms, m lrdftos sfccohos f` juf` fstohm quf dipdhf hftfrid`or fc o`gbm. 7>   @dvfc Ifhdm hf hftfrdmrm; Fc o`gbm hf co lrdfto vo hfshf cms 7 idcéiftrms bosto cms :> idcéiftrms rmhfohms pmr lrdftos hf sfvfrdhoh joko m ifhdo.  @dvfc Octm hf hftfrdmrm; F` o`gbm hf co lrdfto supfro cms :> idcéiftrms rmhfohos pmr lrdftos hf sfvfrdhoh octo.

 

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• Ifhdocu`o Gousos; F` lf`froc, fstf tdpm hf edsuros sf prmhugf` pmr d`fstojdcdhoh hf co jo`go m pmr  fefgtms cmgocfs hf hfsfgogd÷`, ou`quf f`trf mtros gousos sf pufhf` if`gdm`or  cos sdludf`tfs;     

Eocco cotfroc hfc tocuh f` zm`os hf tfrropcä`. Eocco hfc tocuh f` zm`os hf gmrtf o ifhdo cohfro.  Ousf`gdo m eocco hf mjros hf gm`tf`gd÷` hf co jo`go. Hfsfgogd÷` prmhugdho pmr co prfsf`gdo hf ïrjmcfs iuy gfrgo oc jmrhf hf co véo. Gm`smcdhogd÷` hf cms rfccf`ms quf ogmipoÿo` cos mjros hf gm`tf`gd÷`.

@dvfc hf hftfrdmrm; Opcdgo hftfrdmrm; Opcdgo fc grdtfrdm fstojcfgdhm poro edsuros cm`ldtuhd`ocfs y tro`svfrsocfs. • ^dfc hf gmgmhrdcm Gousos; Co gouso iïs erfguf`tf fs co eocco pmr eotdlo hf co fstrugturo m hf co gorpfto oseïctdgo prd`gdpocif`tf hfjdhm o;      

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Fspfsmr hf fstrugturo d`suedgdf`tf. Hfemriogdm`fs hf co sujroso`tf. Zdldhdzogd÷` hf co ifzgco oseïctdgo f` zm`os hf gorlo (pmr mxdhogd÷` hfc oseoctm m f`vfkfgdidf`tm). ^rmjcfios hf hrf`okf quf oefgto` cms iotfrdocfs lro`ucorfs. Gmipogtogd÷` hfedgdf`tf hf cos gopos lro`ucorfs m oseïctdgos. Hfedgdf`gdos f` co fcojmrogd÷` hf co ifzgco oseïctdgo; fxgfsm hf imrtfrm f` co ifzgco, usm hf oseoctm hf octo pf`ftrogd÷` (bogf hfemriojcf co ifzgco), hfedgdf`gdo hf oseoctm f` co ifzgco (rfhugf fc i÷hucm). Zfporog Zfp orogdm` dm`fs fs ioc fkf fkfgut gutohos ohos,, hfe hfedgd dgdf`g f`gdos dos hf gmi gmipog pogtog togd÷`, d÷`, ku` ku`tos tos ioc fcojmrohos f dipcfif`togd÷` hf rfporogdm`fs quf `m gmrrdlf` fc hoÿm. m @dvfc hf hftfrdmrm;  hftfrdmrm;   @dvfc jokm hf hftfrdmrm; Fc o`gbm hf cos lrdftos `m supfro cms 7 idcéiftrms f` su lr lro` o` io ioym ymré réo, o, f` su supf supfre redg dgdf df `m bo boy y prfs prfsf` f`gd gdo o hf ed`m ed`ms s qu quf f prmvf`lo` hf gopos d`efrdmrfs, cos lrdftos oû` `m fstï` gm`fgtohos f`trf sé.     @dvfc ifhdm hf hftfrdmrm; Co lrdtos yo gmidf`zo` o gm`fgtorsf, cms jmrh jm rhfs fs hf fcco fcco pu pufh fhf` f` pr prfs fsf` f`to torr so soct ctoh ohur uros os,, f` su su supf pfre redg dgdf df `m bo boy y prfsf`gdo hf ed`ms quf prmvf`lo` hf gopos d`efrdmrfs. @dvf vfcc oc octm tm hf hftfrd hftfrdmrm mrm;; Lro Lro` ` soct soctfoh fohm m f` cms cms jm jmrhf rhfs s hf cos cos lrd lrdft ftos os,,   @d oclu`os hf fstos lrdftos pufhf` fstor sufcto y/m hfsprf`hdhos hfc poquftf fstrugturoc1 co ioymr gorogtfréstdgos fs co prfsf`gdo hf ed`ms f` co supfredgdf

 

prmvf`df`tf hf co josf hfc poquftf fstrugturoc.       O       X

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• ^m ^mrr h hfs fscd cdzo zoid idf` f`tm tm hf go gopo pos s Gousos;; Fstos edsuros sf prfsf`to` usuocif`tf guo`hm fxdstf u`o ifzgco Gousos f` co supfredgdf hf joko rfsdstf`gdo m pmr co fsgoso ohbfrf`gdo f`trf cos gopos supfredgdocfs hf co fstrugturo hfc povdif`tm. Wf pufhf` lf`fror o`tf fc posm hf trï`sdtm iuy pfsohm y iuy cf`tm, f` zm`os hf erf`ohm y ogfcfrohm hf cms vfbégucms. @dvfc hf hftfrdmrm  Joko; Ojfrturo iïxdio hf cos edsuros if`mr quf ? ii. 

Ifhdo; Ojfrturo iïxdio hf cos edsuros f`trf ? ii y 7ii, pufhf` fxdstdr  olrdftoidf`tms ocrfhfhmr hf cos edsuros, gm` ojfrturos if`mrfs o ? ii.

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 Octo; Ojfrturo iïxdio hf cos edsuro ioymr o 7 ii, pufhf` fxdstdr  olrd ol rdft ftoi oidf df`t `tms ms f` f`tr trf f cos cos edsu edsuros ros y f` co zm zm`o `o ocfho ocfhoÿo ÿo,, gm gm` ` ojf ojfrt rturo uros s ioymrfs quf ? ii.

• F` jcmquf sf hdefrf`gdo hf co pdfc hf gmgmhrdcm f` quf fsto ûctdio oporfgf f` ïrfos smiftdhos o gorlo, idf`tros quf cms jcmqufs oporfgf` usuocif`tf f` ïrfos `m gorlohos. Gousos; 

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Co edsurogd÷` f` jcmquf fs gousoho prd`gdpocif`tf pmr co gm`troggd÷` hfc gm`grftm oseïctdgm hfjdhm o co vordogd÷` hf co tfipfroturo huro`tf fc héo, cm guoc sf trohugf f` gdgcms hf fseufrzm - hfemriogd÷` smjrf co ifzgco. Co prfsf`gdo hf fstf tdpm hf edsuros d`hdgo quf fc oseoctm sf bo f`hurfgdhm sdl`dedgotdvoif`tf, cm guoc sugfhf hfjdhm oc f`vfkfgdidf`tm hf co ifzgco m oc usm hf u` tdpm hf oseoctm d`ohfguohm poro cos gm`hdgdm`fs gcdiïtdgos hf co zm`o. Zfecfkm hf lrdftos hf gm`troggd÷` prmvf`df`tfs hf iotfrdocfs fstojdcdzohms utdcdzohms gmim josf.

m @dvfc hf hftfrdmrm;

 

 @dvfc jokm hf hftfrdmrm; Fc o`gbm hf sus edsuros fs if`mr m dluoc o 7 idcéiftrms y sus lrdftos tdf`f` u` o`gbm quf `m sf pufhf hftfrid`or, pfrm sf f`guf`tro f` juf`os gm`hdgdm`fs.

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 @dvfc Ifhdm hf hftfrdmrm; Fc o`gbm hf sus lrdftos sm` supfrdmrfs o 7 idcéiftrms f d`efrdmrfs m dluocfs o :> idcéiftrms. 

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  @dvfc Octm hf hftfrdmrm; Fc o`gbm hf cos lrdftos supfro` cms :> idcéiftrms,

rmhfohos hf u` olrdftoidf`tm hf octm hftfrdmrm. :. Hfemriogdm`fs; • M`hucogd÷` Gousos;       

^ärhdho hf fstojdcdhoh hf co ifzgco oseïctdgo. Fxgfsm hf gmipogtogd÷` hf co gorpfto oseïctdgo. Fxgfsm m ioco gocdhoh hfc oseoctm. D`suedgdf`gdo hf trdturohms (goros erogturohos). Eocto hf gurohm hf cos ifzgcos f` co véo.  Oggd÷` hfc trï`sdtm f` zm`os hf erf`ohm y fstogdm`oidf`tm. Hfscdzoidf`tm hf co gopo hf rmhohuro smjrf co gopo d`efrdmr pmr fxgfsm hf rdflm hf cdlo.

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@dvfc hf hftfrdmrm 

Joko; ^rmeu`hdhoh iïxdio if`mr quf ?> ii, gouso pmgo vdjrogd÷` oc vfbégucm, co guoc `m lf`fro d`gmimhdhoh oc gm`hugtmr.

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Ifhdo; ^rmeu`hdhoh iïxdio f`trf ?> ii y :> ii, gouso u`o ioymr  vdjrogd÷` oc vfbégucm lf`fro`hm d`gmimhdhoh oc gm`hugtmr.

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 Octo; ^rmeu`hdhoh iïxdio ioymr quf :> ii, gouso u`o vdjrogd÷` fxgfsdvo quf qu f pu pufh fhf f lf` lf`fro frorr u` octm octm lr lrohm ohm hf d`gm d`gmimh imhdh dhoh oh,, bo bogd gdf`h f`hm m `fg `fgfs fsord ordm m rfhugdr co vfcmgdhoh pmr sflurdhoh.

• Ojuctoidf`tm • Gousos; Wf lf`fro` prd`gdpocif`tf pmr co fxpo`sd÷` hf co sujroso`tf m f` gopos hf gm`grftm oseïctdgm gmcmgohm smjrf pcogos hf gm`grftm réldhm, fc guoc sf hfemrio oc fxdstdr prfsdm`fs jokm co gopo oseïctdgo (gmim cos lf`frohos pmr prmgfsms hf jmijfm). @dvfc hf hftfrdmrm  Opcdgo` cms idsims grdtfrdms fstojcfgdhms poro co m`hucogd÷`

 

• Bu`hdidf`tm

Gousos;  Osf`toidf`tms hf co sujroso`tf.  Hfe Hfedgd dgdf`g f`gdo do hf gmi gmipog pogtog togd÷` d÷` hf cos gopo gopos s d`e d`efrd frdmrfs mrfs hfc pov povdif dif`tm `tm,, hfc tfrropcä` m f` cos zm`os hf oggfsm o mjros hf ortf m puf`tfs.  Hfedgdf`gdos hf hrf`okf quf oefgto o cms iotfrdocfs lro`ucorfs.  Hdefrf`gdo hf rdldhfz hf cms iotfrdocfs hf co sujroso`tf f` cms sfgtmrfs hf tro`sdgd÷` f`trf gmrtf y tfrropcä`.  Hfedgdf`gdos hf gmipogtogd÷` hf rfccf`ms f` zo`kos quf otrovdfso` co goczoho.  D`fstojdcdhoh hf co jo`go. Gdrgucogd÷` hf trï`sdtm iuy pfsohm 

@dvfc hf hftfrdmrm 

Joko; ^rmeu`hdhoh ^rmeu`hdhoh if`mr quf :> ii, gouso pmgo vdjrogd÷` oc vfbégucm, sd` lf`fror d`gmimhdhoh oc gm`hugtmr.

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Ifhdo; Ifhd o; ^r ^rme meu` u`hd hdho hoh h f` f`tr trf f :> ii y 8> ii ii,, go gous uso o io ioym ymrr vdjr vdjrog ogd÷ d÷` ` oc vfbégucm lf`fro`hm d`gmimhdhoh oc gm`hugtmr.

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 Octo; ^rmeu`hdhoh ioymr quf 8> ii, gouso vdjrogd÷` fxgfsdvo quf pufhf lf`fr lf `fror or u` octm octm lro lrohm hm hf d`g d`gmim mimhd hdhoh hoh,, bo bogd gdf` f`hm hm `fg `fgfs fsord ordm m rfhug rfhugdr dr co vfcmgdhoh pmr sflurdhoh. Wmcugd Wmcu gd÷` ÷` po port rtf f ed`oc ed`oc9 9 Wf pu pufhf fhf ccfv ccfvor or o co eocc eocco o fs fstr trug ugtu turoc roc hfc po povd vdif` if`tm tm y pmsdjdcdtor fc bdhrmpco`fm pmr ociogf`oidf`tm hf oluo.

• Obufccoidf`tm • Gousos Gousos;; Fc obufccoidf`tm mgurrf prd`gdpocif`tf hfjdhm o u`o hfemriogd÷` pfrio` pfr io`f` f`tf tf hf oclu` oclu`o o hf cos cos go gopos pos hf hfcc pov povdi dif` f`tm tm m hf co su sujro jroso so`t `tf, f, lf`froho pmr hfemriogd÷` pcïstdgo hfc gm`grftm oseïctdgm m pmr hfemriogd÷` hf co sujroso`tf hfjdhm o co eotdlo hf co fstrugturo o`tf co rfpftdgd÷` hf gorlos. • Ohf Ohfiïs iïs,, co eocco eocco fst fstrug rugtur turoc oc hfc pov povdif dif`tm `tm pu pufhf fhf io io`de `defst fstors orsf f gm` hoÿ hoÿms ms hf fstf tdpm hfjdhm o u`o hfedgdf`gdo hf hdsfÿm, co guoc sf io`dedfsto guo`hm co véo fstï smiftdho o gorlos hf trï`sdtm iuy octos.

 

@dvfc hf hftfrdmrm;  @dvfc jokm hf hftfrdmrm; ^rmeu`hdhoh hfc obufccoidf`tm d`efrdmr o :> idcéiftrms    @dvfc ifhdm hf hftfrdmrm; ^rmeu`hdhoh hfc obufccoidf`tm f`trf :> idcéiftrms o 8> idcéiftrms.  @dvfc octm hf hftfrdmrm; ^rmeu`hdhoh hfc obufccoidf`tm supfrdmr o 8> idcéiftrms 7. ^frhdho hf cos gopos hf co fstrugturo; • Hfsg fsgosgoro i iddf`tm • Wm Wm` ` pr prmv mvmg mgoh ohos os o go gous uso o hf eo eoct cto o hf tr trot otoi oidf df`t `tm m o cos cos su supf pfre redg dgdf dfs, s, fs fspf pfsm smr  r  d`suedgdf`tf, co ifzgco oseïctdgo iuy pfqufÿo f`trf mtros. Gousos;    

Cdipdfzo d`suedgdf`tf prfvdo o trotoidf`tms supfredgdocfs. Fspfsmr d`suedgdf`tf hf co gopo hf rmhohuro oseïctdgo. Zdflm hf cdlo hfedgdf`tf. Ifzgco oseïctdgo iuy pfrifojcf.

@dvfc hf hftfdrmrm  Joko; ^rmeu`hdhoh if`mr quf ?> ii.  Ifhdo; ^rmeu`hdhoh f`trf ?> ii y :6 ii.   Octo; ^rmeu`hdhoh ioymr quf :6 ii. • Jogbfs • Gousos; Fstf tdpm hf hftfrdmrm pufhf prfsf`torsf pmr co rftf`gd÷` hf oluo f` zm`os edsurohos quf o`tf co oggd÷` hfc trï`sdtm prmhugf rfhuggd÷` hf fseufrzms fefgtdvms lf`fro`hm hfemriogdm`fs y co eocco hfc povdif`tm. Fstf hftfrdmrm mgurrf sdfiprf gmim fvmcugd÷` hf mtrms hoÿms, fspfgdocif`tf hf pdfc hf gmgmhrdcm. @dvfc hf hftfrdmrm;  hftfrdmrm;  

 @dvfc jokm hf hftfrdmrm; ^rmeu`hdhoh hfc jogbf if`mr o 7> idcéiftrms.

  @d @dvf vfcc if ifhd hdm m hf hftf hftfrd rdmrm mrm;; ^r ^rme meu`h u`hdh dhoh oh hfc jogbf jogbf f`t f`trf rf 7> id idcé céif iftr trms ms y 6> idcéiftrms.

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 @dvfc octm hf hftfrdmrm; ^rmeu`hdhoh hfc jogbf supfrdmr o 6> idcéiftrms. • ^orgbf Gousos Gous os;; Cos gousos hfc hftfrdmrm prmpdm hfc porgbf pufhf` fstojcfgfrsf tf`df`hm f` guf`to fc tdpm hf hoÿm quf prfsf`tf. Wd` fijorlm, pufhf` fstor  osmgdohos prd`gdpocif`tf o;

 

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^rmgfsms gm`strugtdvms hfedgdf`tfs. ^rmlrfsd÷` hfc hoÿm d`dgdoc pmr fc guoc hfjd÷ rfocdzorsf fc porgbfm (guo`hm co d`tfrvf`gd÷` euf d`ohfguoho poro smcugdm`or fc prmjcfio). Hfedgdf`gdos f` cos ku`tos. ^rmpologd÷` hf hoÿms fxdstf`tfs f` cos ïrfos ocfhoÿos oc porgbf.

@dvfc hf hftfrdmrm; 

   @dvfc jokm hf hftfrdmrm; Osgf`sm m osf`toidf`tm hfc pfréiftrm fs hf io`fro gosd dipfrgfptdjcf.  @dvfc ifhdm hf hftfrdmrm; Osgf`sm m osf`toidf`tm hfc pfréiftrm `m supfro cms 6 idcéiftrms. 

  @d @dvf vfcc oc octm tm hf hf hftf tfrdm rdmrm; rm; Os Osgf gf`s `sm m m os osf`t f`toi oidf df`t `tm m hfc pf pfré réift iftrm rm su supf pfro ro cms cms 6 idcéiftrms.

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8. Hoÿms Wupfredgdocfs; • Hfslo fslos stf sup upfr freedgdo dgdocc hfslostf tf sup supfre fredgd dgdoc oc lf` lf`froc frocif`t if`tf f fs u` hft hftfrd frdmrm mrm `ot `oturoc uroc hfc Gous Go usos os;; Fc hfslos povdif`tm, ou`quf sd sf prfsf`to gm` sfvfrdhohfs ifhdos m octos o fhohfs tfipro`os pufhf fstor osmgdohm o u` f`hurfgdidf`tm sdl`dedgotdvm hfc oseoctm. ^ufhf lf`frorsf toijdä` pmr cos sdludf`tfs gousos;   

Eocto hf ohbfrf`gdo hfc oseoctm gm` cms olrflohms. Hfedgdf`tf hmsdedgogd÷` hf oseoctm f` co ifzgco.  Oggd÷` d`tf`so hfc oluo u mtrms olf`tfs ojrosdvms ohfiïs hfc trï`sdtm.

@dvfc hf hftfrdmrm  Joko; Guo`hm co supfredgdf bo pfrhdhm su tfxturo u`demrif y sf iufstro cdlf cdlfro roif if`t `tf f ïs ïspf pfro ro m ru rulm lms so, gm` drr rrfl fluc ucor orddho hohf hfs s bo bost sto o hf 7 ii 

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oprmxdiohoif`tf. Ifhdo; Guo`hm co prmeu`hdhoh hf cos drrflucordhohfs fs ioymr hf 7 ii y ccflo o ?> ii. Wf mjsfrvo` cos portéguc portégucos os hf olrfloh olrflohm m lrufsm, y sf sdf`tf co vdjrogd÷` y u`o hdefrf`gdo hf sm`dhm hf cos cco`tos oc tro`sdtor smjrf fc povdif`tm.  Octo; Wd f` co supfredgdf bo gmif`zohm o prmhugdrsf co hfsd`tflrogd÷` supf su pfre redg dgdo docc hf co go gopo po hf rm rmho hohu huro ro y sf prfs prfsf` f`to to` ` hf hfsp sprf rf`h `hdi didf df`t `tms ms fvdhf`tfs y portégucos sufctos smjrf co goczoho.

• ^ärhd ärhdho ho hf o ol lrfl flo ohm Gousos;  

 Opcdgogd÷` drrflucor hfc cdlo`tf f` trotoidf`tms supfredgdocfs. ^rmjcfios hf ohbfrf`gdo f`trf olrflohm y oseoctm.

 

Vsm hf olrflohms gm`toid`ohms gm` ed`ms m olrflohms iuy ojsmrjf`tfs. Ccuvdo huro`tf co opcdgogd÷` m fc eroluohm hfc cdlo`tf oseïctdgm. F`hurfgdidf`tm sdl`dedgotdvm hfc oseoctm. Hfedgdf`gdo hf gmipogtogd÷` hf co gorpfto oseïctdgo. Gm`toid`ogd÷` hf co gopo hf rmhohuro gm` ogfdtf, losmcd`o y mtrms.

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@dvfc hf hftfrdmrm; Joko Jo ko;; Cm Cms s olrf olrflo lohm hms s lr lruf ufsm sms s bo bo` ` gm gmif if`z `zoh ohm m o hf hfsp sprf rf`h `hfr frsf sf y sf mjsfrvo` pfqufÿms bufgms guyo sfporogd÷` fs ioymr o >.?6 i. Ifhdo; Fxdstf u` ioymr hfsprf`hdidf`tm hf olrflohms, gm` sfporogdm`fs f`trf >.>6 i y >.?6 i.  Octo; Fxdstf hfsprf`hdidf`tm fxtf`sdvm hf olrflohms ed`ms y lrufsms gm` sfporogdm`fs if`mrfs o >.>6 i, bogdf`hm co supfredgdf iuy rulmso y sf mjsfrvo` olrflohms sufctms.

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• ^uc ucdi dif` f`tm tm hf hfcc olr olrfl floh ohm m • Gou gous uso o hf fs fstf tf tdpm tdpm hf ho hoÿm ÿm rohd rohdg go f` u` u`o o jo joko ko rfsd rfsdst stf` f`gd gdo o m ouso sos; s; Co go susgfptdjdcdhoh hf oclu`ms olrflohms oc pucdif`tm (u` fkfipcm hf fstm sm` cos gocdzos). • Fxuhogd÷` Gousos; Co fxu fxuho hogd gd÷` ÷` sf lf`f lf`fro ro guo` guo`hm hm co if ifzg zgco co tdf`f df`f go` o`td tdho hohf hfs s fxgfsdvos hf oseoctm bogdf`hm quf fc gm`tf`dhm hf vogéms gm` odrf hf co ifzgco sfo jokm1 sugfhf fspfgdocif`tf huro`tf äpmgos m f` zm`os gocurmsos. Xoijdä` pufhf horsf pmr fc usm hf oseoctms iuy jco`hms m pmr hfrroif hf gdfrtms smcvf`tfs. @dvfc hf hftfrdmrm;    @dvfc jokm hf hftfrdm hftfrdmrm; rm; V` ïrfo prfsf`to u` gmcmr iïs msgur msgurm m quf fc rfstm hfc povdif`tm  @dvfc ifhdm hf hftfrdmrm; Goijdm hf tfxturo supfredgdoc hfjdhm oc oseoctm quf sf f`guf`tro f` co supfredgdf.

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 @dvfc octm hf hftfrdmrm; Co zm`o oefgtoho sf tmr`o jrdcco`tf, gosd sd` pmhfr  vdsuocdzor fc ïrdhm. ^flokmsm f` octos tfipfroturos oijdf`tocfs.

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• Wurgms • Gou ouso sos; s; F` tro trotoid toidf`t f`tms ms sup supfre fredgd dgdocf ocfs s sf ho pmr hds hdstrd trdjugd jugd÷` ÷` tro tro`sv `svfrso frsocc hfefgt hfef gtum umso so hf hfcc cdlo cdlo`t `tf f jdtu jdtuid id`m `msm sm m hf hfcc ol olrf rflo lohm hm,, cm gu guoc oc lf lf`f `fro ro fc hfsprf`hdidf`tm hf cms olrflohms1 f` gm`grftm oseïctdgm fstï rfcogdm`ohm gm` co frmsd÷` prmhugdho pmr oluo f` zm`os hf octo pf`hdf`tf.

 

6. Mtrms Hoÿms  Ohfiïs hf cms hoÿms hfed`dhms bosto fc imif`tm fxdstf` mtrms quf pufhf` oporfgfr gmim gm`sfguf`gdo hf cms prdifrms, gm`mgdhms gmim oecmroidf`tms, cms guocfs mgurrf` prd`gdpocif`tf hfjdhm o co prfsf`gdo m d`edctrogd÷` hf oluo f` co fstrugturo. • Gm Gmrr rrdi didf df`t `tm m vf vfrt rtdg dgoc oc hf co jf jfri rio o • Gousos; Lf Lf`f `fro roci cif` f`tf tf su sugf gfhf hf gu guo` o`hm hm fx fxds dstf tf` ` hdef hdefrf rf`g `gdo dos s f` f`tr trf f cms cms iotfrdocfs hf co jfrio y fc povdif`tm m pmr fc jmijfm hfc iotfrdoc hf josf f` co jfrio. Xoijdä` pufhf fstor osmgdohm gm` prmjcfios hf d`fstojdcdhoh hf cms tocuhfs ocfhoÿms. @dvfc hftfrdmrm   

Jokm; Hfspcozoidf`tm if`mr quf 5 ii. Ifhdm; Hfspcozoidf`tm f`trf 5 ii y :6 ii.  Octm; Hfspcozoidf`tm ioymr quf :6 ii.

• Wfp fpor orog ogd÷ d÷` `h hf f cco oj jfr frio io • Gous Gousos os;; Lf`f Lf`froc rocif`t if`tf f fst fstï ï rfcogd rfcogdm`oh m`oho o gm` fc imv imvdid didf`t f`tm m hf co jfr jfrio io hfjd hf jdhm hm o pr prmj mjcf cfio ios s hf d` d`fs fsto tojd jdcd cdho hoh h hf cms cms tocu tocuhf hfs s ocfh ocfhoÿ oÿms ms m gm gm` ` co ousf`gdo hf cdlo f`trf goczoho y jfrio guo`hm sf gm`struyf` pmr sfporohm. @dvfc hf hftfrdmrm;  F` zm`os hm`hf co prfgdpdtog prfgdpdtogd÷` d÷` ifhdo o`uoc supfro cms 6> idcéi idcéiftrms ftrms hfjf gm`sdhfrorsf hf octm hftfrdmrm cms povdif`tms quf gm`tf`lo` fstf tdpm hf eocco. @dvfc hf hftfrdmrm; F` zm`os hm`hf co prfgdpdtogd÷` ifhdo o`uoc supfro cms 6> idcéiftrms hfjf gm`sdhfrorsf hf octm hftfrdmrm cms povdif`tms quf gm`tf`lo` fstf tdpm hf eocco. • Oec ecmr mroi oiddf` f`tm tm hf ed`m ed`ms s Gou ous sos os;; ous ousf` f`gd gdo o m d`oh d`ohfg fguo uohm hm sdst sdstfi fio o hf su sujh jhrf` rf`ok okf, f, fx fxgf gfsm sm hf ed`ms ed`ms f` co fstrugturo. @dvfc hf hftfrdmrm; `m tdf`f `dvfc hf hftfrdmrm hfed`dhm.  Oecmroidf`tm hf oluo Gousos; ousf`gdo m d`ohfguohm sdstfio hf sujhrf`okf, edctrogd÷` hf oluos @dvfc hf hftfrdmrm; `m tdf`f `dvfc hf hftfrdmrm hfed`dhm.