Daily Talk Turkish Language

Turkish Language - Some Street Turkish and Daily Expressions Invoking the Intervention of Allah.. The using of the name of Deity in daily speech is not considered strong talk as it would be to call on Jesus, Christ or God in the English language. The following examples are quite ordinary usage in daily Turkish. Some Daily Interjections.....! Meaning

Invocation

New Turkish

Before beginning something İnşallah

umarım - I hope

Just at beginning

Bısmıllah

-

Goodbye..!

Allahaısmal Hoşçakal..! - Keep well..! adık..!

When surprised/disappointed

Allah Allah..!!

Hadi ya!, Vay canına! - Well now!, What the heck?

When giving up - (see note below)

Eyvallah

-

To get to the end, finish off

Ya Allah

-

Promise, swear

Vallah Bıllah

Yemin ederim - I'm sure

Show self confidence

Evallah

-

Fully motivated

Alımallah

-

Bored

Fesuphanall Of! - (a sound) ah

More bored

Hasbınallah -

Give up

İllallah

Bıktım (verb: bıkmak) - I am fed up

Great inspiration and motivation

Allah, Allah, Allah

Succeeded

Maşallah

"Please don't mention it.." showing modesty

Estağfurull Lafi bile olmaz - It is not even ah worth mentioning

At failure

Hay Allah

Aferin! - Well done!

-

Some of the younger people do not use all these invocations, but you will hear them everywhere and read them in newspapers and novels, so to my mind they are useful to know. Thanks to Alex Taurus and Dicle Düzgün for their contributions - May 2008 Some notes on the formulas above Allahaısmaladık - Means Goodbye. - (lit: We call on Allah..) - when leaving company or after making a visit to someone's home. This formula is only spoken by the persons who are actually leaving. - Listen to Here our unknown friend is signifying "No" by raising his eyebrows with an uptilt of the head.. Quite often one will make the sound "tut" at the same time. Note that, shaking the head from side to side does not mean - "NO". It signifies - I don't understand. This is often a mistake made by Europeans when trying to say - "No" and is the cause of many misunderstandings - you must tilt your head backwards and raise the eyebrows when indicating negation and saying "No" If you shake your head to mean - No - you will be misunderstood and the Turk will probably repeat himself thinking that you have not understood their meaning... Turkish Language - Some Daily Turkish Conversational Locutions Here are a few regularly used locutions translated into Turkish. We all use these kind of sayings in our daily language to help us think and to

emphasize our meaning. Using these locutions will make your conversational language seem more fluid and normal in daily speech. You can sort alphabetically either on English or Turkish by clicking the header (but note that the Turkish letters ı, ş, ç, ö, ü do not sort in series but at the end of the turkish alphabet after the letter - z. You can learn this list one by one below: A List of Daily Conversational Locutions (192) English

Turkish

According to that

ona göre

At last

nihayet ; sonunda

After all

nede olsa

At least

en azından

A little

biraz

At most

en çok ; azami

A little bit

bir parça

At once

derhal

All day long

bütün gün

At random

rastgele

All of a sudden

birdenbire

At short notice

kısa süre içinde

All of you

hepiniz

All over the world

bütün dünyada

At the back

arkada

All right

peki

At the door

kapıda

All set?

tamam mı?

At the end

sonunda

Almost

hemen hemen

At the same time

aynı zamanda

A longtime ago

çoktan beri

As a matter of fact

nitekim

Before long

çok geçmeden yakında

As a rule

usulen

As for me

bana kalırsa

Besides

bundan başka

As if ; as though

sanki ; güya

Better

daha iyi

As usual

her zamanki gibi

Both of you

ikiniz de

As you please

nasıl isterseniz

By airmail

uçakla

At any rate

her zaman

By heart

ezberden

At first

ilkin

By means of

aracıyla

At hand

elde

By no means

asla

By the way

sırası gelmişken

By turns

sıra ile

Care of

eliyle

How is that?

nasıl olur?

Come in!

buyurun ; giriniz

How many?

kaç tane

Consequently

bundan dolayı

How much.

kaça? ; ne kadar?

Don't mention it

bir şey değil

I am sorry!

affedesiniz!; üzülüyorum

Don't worry

merak etmeyin

Enclosed

ilişik olarak

I am sure

eminim

Ever since

o zamandan beri

I beg your pardon

özür dilerim

Every day

her gün

Face to face

yüz yüze

I can't help it

elimde değil

For ever

sonsuzca

For God's sake!

Allaha aşkına!

I don't care

aldırmam!

For Instance

örneğin

If need be

gerekirse

For sale

satılık

If possible

kabilse

For the first time

ilk kez olarak

Ill-timed

zamansız

for the time being

şimdilik

In a hurry

acele ; ivedili

Frequently

sık sık

In any case ; somehow

her halde ; nasılsa

From end to end

baştan başa

In due course

zamanında

From now on

şimdiden sonra

In due time

tam zamanında

From this moment

bu andan sonra

In every respect

her bakımdan

From this time on

bundan sonra

In fact

esasen ; nitekim

Full up

dolmuştur

In front of

önünde ; karşısında

Good for nothing

işe yaramaz

In no time

bir çırpıda

Good looking

yakışıklı

In order to

amacıyla

Good luck

iyi şanslar

In spite of it

ona rağmen

Gradually

git gide

In the end

sonunda

Help yourself

buyurun

In the first place

ilk önce

How are you?

nasılsınız?

In the future

gelecekte

In the long run

sonunda

In the meantime

bu arada

In the middle

ortada

No doubt

şüphesiz

In the morning

sabahleyin

No harm done

zararı yok

In the open

açık havada

Not at all

hiç de değil

In the shade

gölgede

Now and again ; now and then

arada sırada

In the very act

Suçüstü

In this case

bu halde

In this manner

böylelikle

Of course

tabii

In time

zamanında ; vaktinde

Of late

geçenlerde

In turns

sıra ile

On and on

durmadan

Isn't it?

değil mi?

Once again

bir daha

Is that so?

sahi mi?

Once and for all

kesinlikle

I suppose so

galiba

Once a week

haftada bir

It is all the same

fark etmez

Once in a while

ara sıra

It is not worth while

değmez

Once more

tekrar ; bir daha

It is of no use

boşuna

On condition that

şartıyle

One by one

birer birer

Just a moment

bir dakika

On foot

yürüyerek

Just in case

ne olur ne olmaz

On leave

izinli

Just in time

tam vaktinde

On purpose

bile bile ; kasten

On the contrary

tersine ; aksine

Less

daha az

Let me alone

git işine

On the left

solda

Let's go

gidelim

On the right

sağda

Little by little

azar azar

On the other hand

diğer taraftan

Long ago

uzun zamandan beri

Look out!

dikkat et!

On top of

tepesinde

Over again

tekrar

Made to order

ısmarlama

Over there

orada

Maybe

belki ; olabilir

Please

lütfen ; rica ederim

More or less

aşağı yukarı

Providing that

şartıyle

Ready made

hazır konfeksiyon

Till morning

sabaha kadar

Return ticket

gidiş-dönüş bileti

To be sure

tabii

To let ; to rent

kiralık

Right here

işte burada

Too many

pek çok

Right there

işte orada

Too much

pek fazla

Rough and ready

yarım yamalak

Under age

yaşça küçük

Up side down

darmadağın

Safe and sound

sağ salim

Up to date

modern

See you later

gene görüşeli

Up to now

şimdiye kadar

Side by side

yan yana

Since a long time

uzun zamandan beri

Welcome!

hoş geldiniz

Well done!

bravo!

Since then

ozamandan beri

What happened?

ne oldu?

So long

eyvallah

What's happening? ; What's up?

ne oluyor?

Sooner or later

er geç

So-so

şöyle böyle

What's wrong with you?

neniz var?

So to say

sözde ; sanki

So that

şöyle ki

What's the matter?

ne çıkar?

What next?

ya sonra?

Thanks a lot

teşekkürler

Why not?

neden olmasın?

Agreed ; OK!

anlaştık

Willy nilly

ister istemez

That right

doğru ; tamam

With a view to

amacıyle

That is to say

yani

With no exceptions

ayrıksız

That maybe

olabilir

With one accord

oy birliği ile

Then

o zaman ; öyleyse

The soonest possible

bir an önce

With your leave

izninizle

You're welcome

bir şey değil

Turkish Language - All about - buyurun - "Please be so kind..." buyurun - or the more formal - buyurunuz - is a widely used word in Turkish. There are many translations in English according to context. It is the second person Singular or Plural of the Simple Present tense of the verb - buyurmak - which basically means: Would you be so kind as to... - [Literally: Would you deign to.. to command.. to decree.. to make an order..] All or any of these meanings can be applied according to context - and in fact this word has become a sort of universal polite request, pleasant command, and is in constant daily use in all areas of Turkish life. A sort of catch-all word for most situations. - It is a very important word to learn.

Let us consider how it is used: •

When calling on someone's house and they say - buyurun it means - Please come in...

•

When they point to a chair - buyurun - Please sit down...

•

When they serve tea - buyurun - Please drink and enjoy...

•

On entering a shop the shopkeeper may say - buyurun efendim meaning - Can I help you, sir?..

•

In a restaurant or cafe when the waiter or bar man says buyurun -it means - What would you like?..

•

In many busy places markets, souvenir shops, cafes etc. there is often a professional "barker" who will be saying to all passers by - buyurun - Come and buy...

•

If in a cafe you ask to see what food is being prepared in the kitchen (normal in Turkey) then the answer would be - buyurun - meaning in this case - Of course you may...!

•

When answering the telephone you say - buyurun meaning - I'm listening to your call... - Turkish speakers also say - efendim - on answering telephone phone to say - Hello..- in a polite manner.

•

When passing people in narrow places or entering lifts etc. buyurun - means - After you..!

Turkish language - The Time, Seasons, Months, Days, Weather, Numbers A Time Vocabulary saniye - second an - moment dakika - minute saat (plural: saatler - hours) - hour gün - day hafta - week ay - month [also - moon]

yıl or sene (arab.) - year - (you will hear both of these words in general use) zaman - time vakit (vakti..) - time as a particular occasion defa - time (as an event or occasion) kere - time (as an event, occasion or point in time) kez - a point in time The word "time..." zaman - time - this word is the main one in use for - "time, occasion.." ne zaman? - what time?, when? kaç zaman - how long?, how much time? zamandan zamana [zaman-dan zaman-a] - from time to time.. her zaman - all the time, every time, always her ne zaman - whenever.. vakit (vakti)- point in time, occasion - Note: vakit - loses final vowel when suffixed with a vowel. See Nouns losing internal vowel Some examples vakit (vakti)- point in time, occasion Boş, vaktimiz var mı? - Have we got time to spare? vaktim yok, vaktim kalmadı - I haven't got time... kere - time, point in time dört kere - four times Onu, beş kere yaptım - I did it five times.. kez - time, point in time - This is a provincialism, but is also used regularly in modern daily speech. üç kez - three times her kez - always bu kez - this time Thanks to Nurcan Akaltun Çiftçi for additions to the above section - JG - June 2008. What time is it..? All about the - to the o'clock.., past the o'clock.. - and - at the o'clock.. -

usages in Turkish to tell the time. Turkish requires or demands different/alternative forms when you want to tell the time. There there are basically four different forms to tell the time. Sentence structure Clause structure Short analog form Digital Form Now let us classify the suffixes for each structure Structure: It is # min. to # o'clock.. -e var Saat iki'ye on (dakika) var - It is ten (minutes) to two Structure: It is # min. past # o'clock -i geçiyor Saat iki'yi on (dakika) geçiyor. - It is ten (minutes) past two. Structure: At the time that..At # min. to # o'clock.. -e kala Saat iki'ye on (dakika) kala. - At ten to two. Structure: At the time that..At #min. past # o'clock.. -i geçe Saat iki'yi on (dakika) geçe. - At ten past two. The Sentence Structure can only be used with the suffix - -ken - while.. - inside another sentence as the examples below show... Saat kaç acaba? - What time is it please? - Saat Yedi'yi çeyrek geçiyor. Some examples Ne zaman gelirsin? - When (at what time) will you come? Saat yedi'yi çeyrek geçiyor'da gelirim - (WRONG!) Saat yedi'yi çeyrek geçiyorken gelirim - (TRUE with -ken) Saat yedi'yi çeyrek geçe gelirim - (CLAUSE form) or Saat altı'ya beş var'da gelirim - (WRONG!) Saat altı'ya beş varken gelirim - (TRUE with -ken) Saat altı'ya beş kala gelirim - (CLAUSE form) Any of the 3 forms (except for the sentence structure) can be used within a sentence. Let us see some examples...

Saat 7'yi çeyrek geçe gelirim - (Clause) Saat 7 çeyrekte gelirim - (Analog) Saat 7:15 (yedi onbeş)te gelirim - (Digital) When you use the sentence structure, then it is used like this... Saat 7'yi çeyrek geçerken gelirim. - I will arrive at a quarter past seven. [Lit: I will arrive (come) as (while) a quarter is passing 7 o'clock.] Some times of day.. Turkish

English

şafak

dawn

kahvaltı

breakfast

sabah

morning

sabahleyin

at morning, in the morning

gün

day

bütün gün

all day long

her gün

every day

gündüz

daytime, daylight

öğle

noon

öğleden sonra

afternoon

öğle yemeği

lunch

akşam

evening

akşamleyin

in the evening, at eventide

akşam üstü

teatime, early evening

akşam yemeği

dinner, evening meal

dün

yesterday

dün sabah

yesterday morning

dün akşam

yesterday evening

dün gece

last night

evvelki gün

the day before yesterday

alacakaranlık [alaca-karanlık]

twilight

gece

night

geceleyin

in the night, at night

gece yarısı Lit: night its-half

midnight

geçen gün

the day past, the other day, yesterday

geçen ay

last month

geçen sene/yil

last year

geçen hafta

last week

geçenlerde

recently (in the past), lately

erken

early

geç

late

ne zaman

when (what time, the time that..)

ay

month

cumartesi gecesi

saturday night

ertesi gün

the following day

ertesi hafta

the following week

evvelki/evvelsi gün

the day before yesterday

geceleri

at nights

gelecek hafta

next week

hafta

week

öbür gün

the day after tomorrow

öbür hafta

the week after next

öğleleri

at noon times

öğleyin

at noon

pazar sabahı

sunday morning

sabahları

in the mornings

son günlerde

in the last few days

son zamanlarda

recently

yarın

tomorrow

yıl/sene

year

Saying - "How long for.. ?" Ne iş yaparsınız? - What is your job? - [In general, so uses the Simple Present Tense] Öğretmenim. - I am a teacher. Dört yıldır öğretmenim. - I have been a teacher for 4 years. - [ You explain how many years you have been a teacher.] İki bin üçten beri öğretmenim. - I have been a teacher since 2003. [You explain how long since you became a teacher.] Dünden beri hastayım. - I have been ill since yesterday. Pazar Gününden /Pazardan beri evdeyim. - I have been at home since Sunday. Saying - "since..." -meyeli/-mayalı oldu/oluyor. - It is/ It was a period time since.. Ben, sinemaya gitmeyeli 3 ay oldu/oluyor. - It was/is three months since I have been to the cinema. Birbirimizi görmeyeli beş yıl oldu/oluyor. - It is five years since we have seen/are seeing each other. Onlar evleneli sadece/yalnızca 2 ay oldu/oluyor. - It is just two

months since they were/are married. Some ways that state the time of an event çoktan, bile, zaten - already, besides Hâlâ öğle yemeğini yedin mi? - Have you eaten your lunch yet? Ooo,çoktan yedim. - Oooh,I have already eaten. Yedim bile. - I have already eaten. Sanırım bir şeyler yemek istiyor musun?. - Do you want something to eat.? Bana bir şey getirme. - Do not bring me anything. Ben yedim zaten. - Besides, I have already eaten. Yeni/şimdi/henüz - just Hasan,lütfen banyoya girme. - Hasan,please don't go into the bathroom. Yeni/şimdi/henüz temizledim. - I have just cleaned (it). Kuruması gerek/lazım. Tamam mı? - It needs to dry. OK? Bana 100 lira ödünç verir misin Ayşe? - Can you lend me 100 Tl Ayşe? Üzgünüm.. - [or Kusura bakma..] - veremem. - I am sorry.. I can't (give). Daha yeni/şimdi faturaları ödedim. - I have just paid the bills. Daha/henüz/hâlâ - yet Daha/henüz ödevini bitirmedin mi? - Haven't/have you finished your homework yet? Hayır, daha bitirmedim. Henüz değil.. - No, I haven't finished yet. Not yet.. Daha gelmediler. - They haven't come yet. şimdiye kadar /şu ana kadar - So far../up to now../until now.. Bu kış şimdiye kadar/şu ana kadar kar yağmadı. - It has not snowed so far this winter. Bugün şimdiye kadar/ şu ana kadar hiçbir şey yemedik. - We have not eaten anything so far today.

ilk - the (very) first.. Bu ilk kez araba sürüşüm/İlk kez araba sürdüm. - This is the first time I have driven a car. Bu, son iki saatte içtiğin beşinci kahve. - This is the fifth cup of coffee you have drunk in the last two hours. Son beş saatte iki fincan kahve içtin. - You have drunk two cups of coffee in the last five hours. ilk - means - the very first one.., whereas - birinci - means - the first if a series: Dünyanın ilk insan Adam adlı'dı - The world's first man was called Adam Birinci yarış başlamak üzeredir. - The first race is about to begin. hayatımda - "ever in my life" hayatında/hayatınızda - ever in your life.. (familiar = hayat-ın-da /formal = hayat-ınız-da) onun hayatında - ever.. in his life.. [hayat-ı-n-da = in his life] hayatımızda - ever.. in our life hayatlarında - ever.. in their life Bu hayatımda okuduğum en sıkıcı kitap. - This is the most boring book I have ever read. Bu hayatımda içinde bulunduğum en zor durum. - This is the most difficult situation I have ever been in. Hayatımda tanıştığım en konuşkan/geveze insan. - He is the most talkative person I have met in my life. "Have you ever been to ..?" There are two methods to translate this in Turkish - (1) The Formal Method - and - (2) The Familiar/Informal method. (1) Formal: -de / -da / -te / -ta bulunmak - to be (found) in/on at a place - Hiç Ankara' da bulundun mu? - Have you ever been to Ankara? [Literature - formal] (2) Informal: -a/ -ya, -e/-ye gitmek - to go to a place - Hiç Ankara' ya gittin mi? - Have you ever been to Ankara [Colloquial Speech - informal)

once, twice several times.. bir kez, bir defa, bir kere - once iki kez, iki defa, iki kere - twice birçok kez/defa/kere - several times hiç - ever [in positive sentences] hiç - never [in negative sentences] Neredeydin? - [or colloquial - Nerdeydin?] - Where have you been? / Where were you? Have you ever been to Antalya? - Hiç Antalya'da bulundun mu? Have you ever been to Antalya? - Hiç Antalya'ya gittin mi? Yes,I have been there once/twice. - Evet, bir defa/iki defa/ orada bulundum. Yes,I have been there many times. - Evet, bir çok kere (bir çok kez/ bir çok defa) oraya gittim. No, I have not been/never been there. - Yo, Antalya'ya hiç gitmedim. No, I have not been/never been there. - Yo, Antalya'da hiç bulunmadım. Yo.. - is a gentle conversational way of saying - "No..". It is not so strong as using Hayır - No... It nay be a contraction of - "yok" - "there is not.." Thanks to Nurcan Akaltun Çiftçi for contributing the sections above.. JG - June 2008. Seasons and the Weather Names of the Months January - ocak

July - temmuz

February - şubat

August - ağustos

March - mart

September - eylül

April - nisan

October - ekim

May - mayıs

November - kasım

June - haziran

December - aralık

Names of the Months (and Days of the Week) are usually written without a capital letter in Turkish - Thanks to Emiel V. - 17 Nov. 2009 The Weekday Names Sunday - pazar - (Lit: market) Monday - pazartesi - (Lit: after Sunday) Tuesday - salı - (undefined) Wednesday - çarşamba - (Lit: 4 days after Sabbath - from Persian) Thursday - perşembe - (Lit: 5 days after Sabbath - from Persian) Friday - cuma - (Lit: reunion - related to Persian/Arabic) Saturday - cumartesi - (Lit: after Friday) A Turkish Idiom Bu iş, çarşamba pazar gibi - This job is a complete mess up.. - [lit: This job is like a Wednesday Market.] The Seasons of the Year

Yıl Mevsimi

ilkbahar - [also bahar is sometimes used] spring yaz

summer

sonbahar - (also - güz)

autumn or fall (American usage)

kış

winter

When saying "in the summer" Turkish says yazin or "in the winter" then the word kışın is used. This ending -in is an old Instrumental Case which is no longer used much in day to day speaking other than these examples. For "in the spring" and "in the autumn", the Static Condition (Locative) Suffix is used - sonbaharda and ilkbaharda. Very often the simple word bahar can supplant either ilkbahar or sonbahar - it depends on the choice of the speaker.. The Cardinal Points

Dört Yön

Kuzey

North

Güney

South

Doğu

East

Bati

West

About the Weather - A Weather Vocabulary berbat - awful

fırtına - storm

soğuk - cold

güneş - sun (n.)

sıcak - hot

güneşli - sunny (adj.)

güzel - good, nice

hava sıcaklığı - temperature

harika - marvellous

sıcaklık - heat

yağmur - rain (noun.)

derece - degree(s)

yağmur yağmak - rain (verb.)

şemsiye - umbrella

yağmurlu, yağışlı - rainy (adj.)

ılık - warm

kar - snow (n.)

hava - weather

kar yağmak - snow (v.)

hava tahmini - weather forecast

kar yağışlı, karlı - snowy (adj.)

hava durumu - weather condition

dolu - hail

rüzgar - wind (n.)

hafif - light

yel - wind

sert - heavy

poyraz - breeze

durmak - stop (v.)

rüzgar esmek - to blow wind (v.)

yıldırım - lightning (n.)

rüzgarlı - windy (adj.)

Some daily expressions about the weather Ne güzel bir gün! - What a lovely day! Hava yarın nasıl olacak? - What will the weather be like tomorrow? Yine güneşli, fakat biraz rüzgarlı. - It's sunny again, but a little windy. Kaç derece? - What is the temperature? Hava çok sıcak. . - The weather is very hot. Neredeyse 31 derece. - Nearly 31°C (degree Celsius). Erzurumda kar yağacağını düşünüyor musun? - Do you think it will snow in Erzurum? Sanmıyorum. Kar için erken. - I don't think so. It is early to snow. Fırtına olacağını düşünüyor musun? - Do you think there will be a storm? Sanmıyorum. - I don't think so. Ama Ağrı'da kar yağıyor. - But it is snowing in Ağrı. Orada kar yağışı ne zaman durur? - When will it stop snowing up there? Yakında durur. - It will stop soon. Yağmur mu başlayacak? - Will it start to rain? Evet, birazdan yağmur başlayacak gibi. - Yes, looks like rain soon. Şemsiyeye ihtiyacım olur mu? - Do I need an umbrella? Sana şemsiyeni yanına almanı öneririm. - I suggest you to get your umbrella with you. Ne berbat hava! Saat başı değişiyor. - What an awful weather! It changes hourly. Yağmur mu yağıyor? - Is it raining? Evet, yağıyor. - Yes, it is (raining). Cardinal Numbers - one,two Cardina l Number s 0 - 49 sıfır 0

on 10

yirmi 20

otuz 30

kırk 40

bir 1

on bir 11

yirmi bir 21

otuz bir 31

kırk bir 41

iki 2

on iki 12

yirmi iki 22

otuz iki 32

kırk iki 42

üç 3

on uç 13

yirmi uç 23

otuz uç 33

kırk uç 43

dört 4

on dört 14

yirmi dört 24

otuz dört 34

kırk dört 44

beş 5

on beş 15

yirmi beş 25

otuz beş 35

kırk beş 45

altı 6

on altı 16

yirmi altı 26

otuz altı 36

kırk altı 46

yedi 7

on yedi 17

yirmi yedi 27

otuz yedi 37

kırk yedi 47

yirmi sekiz 28

otuz sekiz 38

kırk sekiz 48

otuz dokuz 39

kırk dokuz 49

sekiz 8 on sekiz 18

dokuz 9 on dokuz 19 yirmi dokuz 29

FPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=speaker icon" to 10 - (Listen to mp3)

Cardinal Numbers 1

Cardinal Numbers 50 - 99 elli 50

altmış 60

yetmiş 70

seksen 80

elli bir 51

altmış bir 61

yetmiş bir 71 seksen bir 81 doksan bir 91

elli iki 52

altmış iki 62

yetmiş iki 72

seksen iki 82

doksan iki 92

elli uç 53

altmış uç 63

yetmiş uç 73

seksen uç 83

doksan uç 93

elli dört 54 altmış dört 64 yetmiş dört 74 seksen dört 84

doksan 90

doksan dört 94

elli beş 55

altmış beş 65 yetmiş beş 75 seksen beş 85 doksan beş 95

elli altı 56

altmış altı 66 yetmiş altı 76 seksen altı 86 doksan altı 96

elli yedi 57 altmış yedi 67 yetmiş yedi 77 seksen yedi 87 doksan yedi 97 elli sekiz 58 altmış sekiz 68

yetmiş sekiz 78

seksen sekiz 88

doksan sekiz 98

elli dokuz 59 altmış dokuz yetmiş dokuz seksen dokuz doksan dokuz

69

79

89

99

Cardinal Numbers 100 - 1,000,000 yüz 100

iki bin 2000

oniki bin 12000

yirmi iki bin 22000

iki yüz 200

uç bin 3000

onuç bin 13000

yirmi uç bin 23000

uç yüz 300

dört bin 4000

ondört bin 14000

yirmi dört bin 24000

dört yüz 400 beş bin 5000

onbeş bin 15000

yirm beş bin 25000

beş yüz 500

altı bin 6000

onaltı bin 16000

yirmi altı bin 26000

altı yüz 600

yedi bin 7000

onyedi bin 17000

yirmi yedi bin 27000

yedi yüz 700 sekiz bin 8000 onsekiz bin 18000

yirmi sekiz bin 28000

sekiz yüz 800 dokuz bin 9000 ondokuz bin 19000 otuz bin 30000 dokuz yüz 900

on bın 10000

bin 1000

onbir bin 11000 yirmi bir bin 21000 bir milyon 1000000

yirmi bim 20000

elli bin 50000

Some Notes on Numbers * yüz (yüz also means - face or reason) * Cardinal numbers are followed by singular nouns. iki ev - two houses, beş yüz araba - five-hundred cars, kırk ağaç - forty trees * beş yüz yirmi üç bin yedi yüz elli sekiz - 523,758 - Which may also be written in official papers and banks without any spaces - as: beşyüzyirmiüçbinyediyüzellisekiz - 523,758 * When we in English stste a small general numerical amount we will say (for instance) - "Two or three eggs". However Turkish will say - üç bes yurmurta - three or five eggs

* In Turkish the number kırk - forty is used to signify an uncountable amount.- kırk yılda bir - once in forty years - is equivalent to - "Once in a blue moon" in English. Ordinal Numbers - "first" Ordinal Numbers birinci - also - ilk - first ; 1st

yirmi üçüncü twenty-third ; 23rd

ikinci second ; 2nd

otuz dördüncü thirty-fourth ; 34th

üçüncü third ; 3rd

elli beşinci fifty-fifth ; 55th

dördüncü fourth ; 4th

kırk altıncı forty-sixth ; 46th

beşinci fifth ; 5th

altmış yedinci sixty-seventh ; 67th

altıncı sixth ; 6th

on sekizinci eighteenth ; 18th

yedinci seventh ; 7th

doksan dokuzuncu ninety-ninth ; 99th

sekizinci eighth ; 8th

yüzüncü hundredth ; 100th

dokuzuncu ninth ; 9th

bininci thousandth ; 1000th

onuncu tenth ; 10th

sıfır zero ; 0

Fractions and percentage yarım (noun) - half yarım elma - a half an apple yarı (adj.) - half yarı elma - a half apple elmanın yarısı - the apple half buçuk - half - [an hour, a kilo, a serving] çeyrek - quarter of - [an hour, a kilo, a serving] bir - one, #1 - [And is also the indefinite article - a or an] üçte iki [üç-te iki] - two-thirds - [lit:two in-three] yüzde yirmibeş - twenty-five percent - [Lit: 25 in a hundred] Distributive Numbers - "One each, two each, three each.." Distributive Numbers

yarımşar

half each

birer

one each

ikişer

two each

üçer

three each

dörder

four each

beşer

five each

altışar

six each

yedişer

seven each

sekizer

eight each

dokuzar

nine each

onar

ten each

on birer

eleven each

yirmişer

twenty each

yirmi beşer

twenty-five each

otuzar

thirty each

kırkar

forty each

ellişer

fifty each

yüzer

a hundred each

ikişer yüz - (NOT iki yüzer)

two hundred each

biner

a thousand each

ikişer bin - (NOT iki biner)

two thousand each

birer milyon- (NOT milyonar NOR bir milyonar)

a million each

Kızlara ikişer elma verin

Give the girls two apple each.

Türk Renkleri - Turkish Colours The Farsi Word - siyah - black - is mainly used for siyah zeytin - black olives, otherwise the word - kara - black - is used for the colour "black". The word - kara - also has another meaning - land, shore, as in: karayolları - land roads (network), main roads, karakuvetleri - land forces, kara suları - territorial waters The Old Turkish Words for - Red - Al and - White - Ak are mostly used in place names and family names. Alsancak - Red Banner (an area of İzmir) - Akhisar - Whitefort, Bay Alkan - Mr. Redblood. Otherwise the words - beyaz, kirmizi - are used Words in italics are the intensified form of the colour. Siyah (Farsi.) Simsiyah Black - Pitch Black Kara - Kapkara Black - Pitch Black Beyaz - Bembeyaz White - Snow White Kırmızı - Kıpkırmızı Red Bright Red Mavi - Masmavi Blue - Bright Blue Turuncu Orange Yeşil - Yemyeşil Green - Bright Green Mor - Mosmor Purple - Deep Purple Pembe - Pespembe Pink - Shocking Pink Kahverengi Brown (Lit: coffee coloured) Sarı - Sapsarı Yellow - Bright Yellow Gri Grey Renk/Rengi Color Açık Renkli Light Coloured Açık yeşil Light green Koyu Renkli Dark Coloured Koyu gri Dark grey Turkuaz Turquiose Lacivert Navy Blue Gümüş Renkli Silver Coloured Eflatun Lilac Macenta Magenta Bej Beige Bordo Claret Altın Renkli Gold Coloured Ak (Old Turkish.) White Al (Old Turkish.) Red

Turkish Language - How to say - "Thanks.." Here we point out the difference in usage of - teşekkür ederim - thank you.. - and the more sincere - sağ olun - stay healthy.. What are the services being rendered to us..? (1) sağ olun - be healthy, be strong - is used as - thank you.. - for a service which:

(A) Was not necessarily needed to be performed.. (B) for someone who has gone out of his way to help you... (2) While - teşekkür ederim - thank you.. - [Lit: a thanking perform I from Arabic] - is used: In normal circumstances and receiving presents. Scenario (1) The waiter puts a nice meal in front of you. Your - thank you - is teşekkür ederim - it is his job... The waiter puts a bottle of wine in front of you. Your - thank you - is teşekkür ederim - it is his job... Then the waiter uncorks the bottle of wine and pours it in your glass. Your - thank you - is - sağ olun - he need not have performed this service. The recipient of your gratitude will often answer your - sağ olun - with the rejoinder - siz de sağ olun - health to you (too).. - [the Polite Version said to to stranger]. Other forms are - sen de sağ ol - or quite short - siz de - or - sen de you too.. Scenario (2) You ask someone the time. He looks at his watch and says - Half past three. Your answer is - sağ olun - [You have caused him to perform a service to you] Scenario (3) You drop your handkerchief - a stranger picks it up and hand it to you. Your answer is - sağ olun - [He need not have done it..] Scenario (4) Here is a comment one of our readers has made about Manisa Turkish. He has used sağ olun correctly. Thanking us for providing something unasked... •

Very nice website... ...Very descriptive and helpful .. Manisa Turkish has helped me in communicating with my Turkish friends. I just wanted to give

you a very big sağ olun for producing such a useful website...! Dan R. - March 2008 See all accolades for the Manisa Turkish website Our accolades Many tourists use - sağ olun - wrongly instead of using teşekkür ederim - as they copy the boy waiter's way of thanking - as the waiters often use - sağ olun - for misguided effect. The rule is, if in doubt then use - teşekkür ederim... How to answer a "thank you.." The answer to teşekkür ederim... is - bir şey değil - It is not a thing or - rica ederim - I request..! - [same as "bitte schön" in German] Also used is - ne demek? - what does it mean?. This expression - ne demek? - sounds quite comical in English. But it actually means something like: - It doesn't matter at all.. The answer - Rica ederim - is the politest one. The recipient of your gratitude will often answer your - sağ olun - with the rejoinder - sana sağ olun - health to you (too).. Other Versions are: sağ ol - familiar sağ olunuz - public and plural A simple - teşekkürler.. also means a very informal - thanks.. and is used in shops and for small duties performed. A little "caveat" - or - "take care.." Many people when first learning Turkish are tempted to use the Present Continuous Tense form - teşekkür ediyorum... - we would advise you that this form sounds quite comical to the Turkish ear and can also be construed as being sarcastic, so one should always use the Present Simple form - teşekkür ederim... - and you will not go wrong or be misunderstood.

Expressing need The usual verbs used to say - Do you like something..? I like something.. I don't like something.. are as follows:

Positive sevmek

Negative to love, to like

sevmemek

not to love, not to like

beğenmek to like

beğenmemek not to like

rica etmek to request

rica etmemek to not request

The word - rica - is of Arabic Origin and the pronunciation of the last letter -A is very open - pronounced ricAAA ederim - being Arabic, this word does not follow Turkish Pronunciation Rules. Listen to the long "aaa.." in FPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=Speaker Icon"

Rica ederim

When a Turkish person asks if you like something, they normally ask in the Past Tense - Did you like the apple? - These type of questions are also answered in the Past Tense - Yes I liked the apple? We can see from the examples below that Turkish usually uses the Past Tense in its questions and answers of Preferences. It is different in English as we use both Present and Past Tenses in these situations. Asking Formally - with the -iniz form for the polite - you Yemeğinizi sevdiniz mi? - Did/Do you like your meal? Yemeğinizi beğendiniz mi? - Did/Do you like your meal? Yemeği sevdim. - I like/liked the meal. Yemeği beğendim - I like/liked the meal. Or the familiar form using the -in less formal form for - you Türkiye'yi sevdin mi? or Türkiye'yi beğendin mi? - Did you like Turkey? Yolculuğu sevdin mi? - Did you enjoy the journey? Or you may not have liked it! Türkiye'yi sevdiniz mi? - Do/Did you like Turkey? Türkiye'yi beğendiniz mi? - Do/Did you like Turkey? Şunu sevmedim. - I don't like/ didn't like that. Şunu beğemedim - I don't like/ didn't like that. This shows the use of şunu - that one - in its disparaging meaning.

A little "Formula Speak" - one might say... seni seviyorum! [Lit: I am loving you!] - I love you..! Turkish uses the Continuous Tense to say - I love you.. as it is more vivid than the Simple Tense which we use in English. How to say that you do not like something.. We have learned how to say that - we like something .. using the verbs sevmek - and - beğenmek.. To say that - we do not like something.. we must use the negative verbs - sevmemek - and beğenmemek. Some Examples of the Negative Yolculuğunuzu sevdiniz mi? - Did you like your journey? Hayır, yolculuğumu sevmedim - No, I didn't like my journey. Hayır, onu beğenmedim - No, I didn't like it. Bamyayı sevmiyor musunuz? - Don't you like okra? Yoo, bamyayı sevmem - No, I don't like okra (at all). Ankara,yı beğendiniz mi? - Did you like Ankara? Ankara'yı beğenmedim. - No, I didn't like Ankara. Using the Present Continuous Tense in Turkish in this situation conveys vividness. Evet, onu çok seviyorum.. - Yes, I like it a lot.. Yoo, onu sevmiyorum. - No, I am not liking it (at the moment). - Note the use - of - Yoo.. for No... This is a polite conversational way of saying No... It actually comes from - yok - There isn't.. - but it is gentler than - hayır - the real No! which conveys a real negative feeling - and is used a lot in conversation. Some other ways of Expressing Need istemek - to want - Note: This word is a verb. Need can be expressed with various verbs - the main one being istemek - to want.. This can be answered with the verb rica etmek - to (would) like ... to request .. - very much like the - "bitte schön" - of German. İstediğiniz bir şey var mı? - Is there anything that you want? Bir havlu rica ederim - I would like (I request) a towel

ihtiyaç - necessity/need/requirement - Note: this word is a noun. Another word which is used quite often is - ihtiyaç necessity/need/requirement Bir ihtiyaçınız var mı? - Is there anything that you require? - [lit: Have you a requirement?] Evet, bir bardak su, rica ederim. - Yes, I would like (I request) a glass of water arzu - wish, desire - Note: this word is also a noun. Also there is the use of the noun - arzu - wish, desire Başka arzunuz var mı? - Is there any thing else (that you desire)? This word is often used by shop keepers - grocers and the like Anything else madam...? - when daily purchases are being made. A note about the very important word - "Hoş - agreeable, joyful" This word is used in many idioms and daily speech, and has many related meanings. Hoş - joy - is used with the auxiliary verb - gitmek to go: Hoşuma gitti - [Hoş-um-a] - I enjoyed it - [lit: It went to my joy..] - this formula is used a lot in daily Turkish conversation. Some of the many meanin gs of hoş hoş

agreeable

hoş

amiable

hoş

amusing

hoş

bonny

hoş

charming

hoş

congenial

hoş

cosy

hoş

cozy

hoş

cuddly

hoş

darling

hoş

debonair

hoş

delicious

hoş

enchanting

hoş

engaging

hoş

entertaining

hoş

fine

hoş

genial

hoş

good

hoş

graceful

hoş

grateful

hoş

tolerant

hoş

pleasant

hoş

nice

hoş

quaint

hoş used with bir - strange, odd, peculiar O şarkıyı duyunca Durmuş'un yüzü bir hoş oldu. - When he heard that song Durmuş got an odd look on his face. Midem bir hoş. - My stomach feels funny. Sami'nin söylediklerine hiç aldırma, kafası bir hoştur. - Don't pay any attention to what Sami says, his head has gone. even if.. - Hoş, param da olsa almazdım. - Even if I had the money I wouldn´t buy it. anyway, anyhow.. - Hoş, bunu biliyordum. - I knew this anyway. Hoş bulduk! [lit: we found goodness] - Thank you! (said in reply to a welcoming greeting). Hoş geçinmek /la/ - to get on well (with). Mehmet'le hoş geçiniyoruz. - We are getting on on well with Mehmet. Hoş geldiniz! - Welcome! (said to an arriving guest). Hoşa gitmek - to be pleasing Hoşuma gitti - I enjoyed it. [Hoş-um-a] John'un hoşuna gitmiş [hoş-u-n-a ] - It seems that John enjoyed it. Hoşuna gitmek /ın/ - to please Mehmet'in hoşuna gitti. [hoş-u-n-a ] - Mehmet enjoyed it. John'un hoşuna gitmiş [hoş-u-n-a ] - It seem that John enjoyed it. Hoş görmek /ı/ - to be tolerant of, overlook, condone Polis, onu hoş gördü. - The policeman tolerated it. Bu çıkan problemi hoş gördük. - We tolerated the problem that happened. Hoş karşılamak /ı/ - to assent to, give one's assent to Belediye, yeni ev planlarımı hoş karşılayacak. - The Town Corporation will give assent to my new house plans. Hoş tutmak /ı/ - to be nice to, make (someone) feel welcome Lütfen yeni gelen turistleri hoş tutunuz. - Please be nice to the newly

arrived tourists Very often you are adding suffixes to the important noun - hoş goodness, joy (basically) hoş = goodness hoş-um = my goodness hoş-um-a = to my goodness hoş-um-a gitti = I enjoyed it [It went to my goodness] - This is a Turkish idiom and much used in daily conversation. Turkish Language -Turkish Modes of Address "Who are you...?" The usual method of address when you do not know the person's name or title is as follows: - For males: Beyefendi - Sir - Daily pronunciation is truncated to: Beyfendi - For females: Hanımefendi - Miss or Madam - Daily pronunciation is truncated to: - Hanfendi - These are used in formal situations and to strangers. Personal Addressing - Formal and Informal As stated, the above are used in formal situations. Once names are known then bey and hanım are used after the first name, this usage is still formal and semi-formal. These titles follow the given-name (Christian name) and are written without a Capital Letter: Mustafa bey - Mr. Mustafa Ayşe hanım - Miss or Mrs. Ayşe These are used in formal situations when you know the person's first name but also in informal situations to acquaintances, friends and even to you own family members. Surnames are not usually used in Conversational Turkish, so the Mustafa bey can mean - Mr. Mustafa and Ayşe hanım can mean Mrs. OR Miss Ayşe (in a formal situation) or it can mean just a friendly Mustafa or Ayşe (without the title) between acquaintances.

All About Names Turkish has two words for the first name of a person - isim or ad - and they can both be used at any time as they are interchangeable. The Turkish word for surname is soyadı - there is no corresponding word for surname based in the word isim İsminiz ne? - What is your first name? İsmim Ayşe. - My name is Ayşe. isim - name - becomes - ism-iniz - your name and ism-im - my name. This is one of the nouns that "apocopate" (ie: loses an internal vowel) isim - name - is one of the nouns in Turkish which lose an internal vowel when adding a suffix which begins with a vowel itself. Click Me - to toggle the list of nouns which lose a vowel Basic Noun

Direct Object Form

Basic Meaning

Aciz

Aczi - (NOT - acizi)

Impotence

Ağız

Ağzı

Mouth

Ahit

Ahdi

Injunction

Akıl

Aklı

Intelligence

Akıt

Aktı

Treaty

Akis

Aksi

Reflection

Alın

Alnı

Forehead

Asıl

Aslı

Origin

Asır

Asrı

Century

Azim

Azmi

Determination

Bağır

Bağrı

Bosom

Beyin

Beyni

Brain

Boyun

Boynu

Neck

Burun

Burnu

Nose

Cisim

Cismi

Substance, matter, object

Cürüm

Cürmü

Crime

Defin

Defni

Burial

Devir

Devri

Period

Ecir

Ecri

Reward/Wage

Emir

Emri

Order ; Command

Fasil

Fasli

Part, chapter

Fetih

Fethi

Conquest

Fikir

Fikri

Idea

Filim

Filmi

Film(Cinema)

Geniz

Genzi

Nostril

Göğüs

Göğsü

Breast

Gönül

Gönlü

Heart/Desire

Hacım

Hacmı

Volume

Haciz

Haczi

Distraint, confiscation,

- Haciz

- Haczi

- seizure

Hapis

Hapsi

Prison

Hasim

Hasmi

Enemy, foe, rival

Hazım

Hazmı

Digestion

Hışım

Hışmı

Rage/Anger

Hilkât Hilkti Hilkât garibesi Idiomatic use

(a) creation monstrosity, freak

Hüzün

Grief

Hüznü

İlim

İlmi

Science

İsim

İsmi

Name

İzin

İzni

Leave/Time off

Kadir

Kadri

Worth/Value

Kahır

Kahrı

Anxiety

Karın

Karnı

Stomach

Kasıt

Kastı

Intention, purpose,

- Kasıt

- Kastı

- deliberateness

Kayın

Kaynı

Brother-in-law

Kayıp

Kaybı

Loss

Kesir

Kesri

Fraction (in maths)

Keşif

Keşfi

Discovery

Keyif

Keyfi

Pleasure

Kısım

Kısmı

Part (of)

Metin

Metni

Text

Nabız

Nabzı

Pulse

Nakil

Nakli

Transport

Nakit

Nakdi

Cash

Nazım

Nazmı

Verse, poetry

Nefis

Nefsi

Self, personality

Nesir

Nesri

Prose

Neşir

Neşri

Publication, edition

- Neşir

- Neşri

- broadcasting

Nutuk

Nutku

Speech, oration

Oğul

Oğlu

Son

Resim

Resmi

Picture

Sabır

Sabrı

Patience

Satıh

Sathı

Superficie, plane

Seyir

Seyri

Motion

Sıkıt

Sıktı

Miscarriage

Şekil

Şekli

Form/Shape

Şükür

Şükrü

Gratitude

Tavır

Tavrı

Mode/Manner

Ufuk

Ufku

Horizon

Usul

Uslü

Mode/Manner

Vakit

Vakti

Time, occasion

Vasıf

Vasfı

Characteristic, qualification

- Vasıf

- Vasfı

- quality

Zehir

Zehri

Poison

Zihin

Zihni

Intellect

Zulüm

Zulmü

Tyranny, cruelty

Adınız ne? - What is your first name? Adım Ali - My name is Ali. Soyadınız ne? - What is your surname? Soyadım Karaca - My surname is Karaca. Finding out about a Third Person The third person suffix is -i or -ı meaning - his, her, its Onun ismi ne? - What is his name?

Onun ismi Mehmet - His name is Mehmet. Onun adı ne? - What is her name? Onun adı Deren - Her name is Deren. Onun soyadı ne? - What is his surname? Onun soyadı Gürses - His surname is Gürses. If we are talking about a third person remote from us we may ask the question: What is that man's name?. In this case we must translate the words "man's name" correctly by using the Possessive Relationship to show that the two words belong to each other. adamın ismi - the man's name - [Lit: the name of the man..] adamın adı - the man's name adamın soyadı - the man's surname O Beyefendinin soyadı ne? - What is that gentleman's surname? [Lit: the surname of the man..] O Beyefendinin ismi ne? - What is that gentleman's name? If we want to make the sentence more conversational we would normally say : I wonder what that lady's name is?. I wonder.... is simply translated by adding the word - acaba - at the beginning or end of the Turkish question. O Hanımefendinin adı ne, acaba? - I wonder what that lady's name is? Acaba, Mehmed'in soyadı ne? - I wonder what Mehmet's surname is? Kız kardeşinizin ismi ne, acaba? - What is your sister's name, I wonder? Addressing Letters and Envelopes There is an increasing use of addressing people by their surname especially used on television in interviews etc. This method uses the word - Sayın - esteemed - before the surname directly. If the interviewee's name is Musafa Kurt, then he may be addressed as Mustafa bey - (formal and informal) or directly by his surname as Sayın Kurt - Esteemed Kurt - (formal and public) or Bay Kurt - Mr. Kurt - (polite and official). Bay - Mr. - and - Sayın Esteemed - are usually spelt with capital letters, but they can be found without capital letters.

Addressing Envelopes Letter Addressed in Turkish Sayın Mustafa Kurt Çekmece Mah. Uzunyol Sok. Nolu:24 D:6 Bağarası Köyü 02332 İZMİR - TÜRKİYE

Analysis of this Address Esteemed Mustafa Kurt Çekmece District Uzunyol Street No.24 Apt No. 6 Bağarası Village Post Code. Postal County. Country

Some Abbreviations used in addresses Sok. (Sokak) - Street Cad. (Cadde or Caddesi) - Road Bul. (Bulvar or Bulvarı) - Avenue Yol. (Yol) - Way, Route Mah. (Mahalle or Mahallesi) - Local District

D. (Daire) - Apartment, Suite Apt. (Apartman) - Apartment K. (Kat) - Floor No. (Numara) - Number Nolu. (Numarala) - Numbered

Greetings In semi formal situations there is a four stage greeting procedure: The Welcome: - hoş geldiniz or less formal hoş geldin - Welcome!. - This is answered by hoş bulduk - We found it well! The Greeting: - This is an exchange of merhaba - Hello The Asking after Health Stage: - nasılsınız? (formal) or nasılsın? (informal) - How are you? The Response: - This is is answered by ıyiyim, teşekkür ederim I am well, thank you. This then followed by a question about the other's health: siz nasılsınız? - You, how are you? günaydın - good morning, good day, good afternoon iyi günler - good day iyi akşamlar - good evening - (said in arrival..) iyi geceler - good night - (said on leaving company..)

görüşmek üzere - see you soon hoşça kal - so long - [Lit: stay joyful] Note that the plural is used in - "Good day, Good evening, Good night" - similar to the Spanish - "Buenos Días" Listen to: FPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=Speaker Icon" kal.. - Saying - "Cheerio.. Goodbye.."

Hosça

Some Daily Informal Greetings For an informal greeting like - Hi! - in English Turkish uses - Selam..! - to which the answer is the same - selam..! Also one can use - What's up..? - Na'ber..? Na'ber..? - is commonly used in everyday language. It is actually - Ne haber..? - What news..? [Lit: - It's good. ..and from you.?]. The answer is generally - iyidir, senden..? Another informal greeting is - ne var? ne yok..? - What is happening..? [Lit: What is there..(going on..?) What isn't there.. (going on..?)] - The answer to this one is - iyilik..! - Goodness..! Wellness..! A Long Goodbye.. There is a "Formula Speak" that is used quite lot and is very common for saying your "Goodbyes". This is often used when leaving company or on going away to somewhere. The person(s) who are leaving will say - Allaha ısmalardık..! - goodbye..! - [a quasi religious-type formula]. The answer said by those staying behind is - güle güle..! - Cheerio..! [Lit: Go with a smile!]. If you use this formula after visiting your Turkish friends they will be suitably impressed.. The Muslim Peace Greeting selâmünaleyküm, (a Muslim peace greeting), answered by aleykümselâm This greeting is mainly used between passing strangers - normally both male - during travel or on entry to a crowded room, such as a tea house, when one cannot address everybody personally.

Turkish Language - How to say - Too much.. Too many.. The translation of - too.., too much.. is a common difficulty for the student of Turkish. The dictionary equivalent is - fazla - in excess or lüzumdan fazla - in excess of its necessity. (1) Too .. meaning - "very..." However in daily conversational Turkish - çok - very - is used to convey the meaning too much.., too many... - In such a sentence as - I didn't buy it, it was too expensive. - the "too" - should simply be translated by çok - very. - Onu almadım, çok pahalıydı - I didn't buy it, it was too expensive. (2) Too .. meaning - "overly.., excessively.." fazla - in excess - should be used where the context does not make sense by using çok - very - Baban, seninle fazla sabırlıdır - Your father is too patient with you. (3) Too.. as "ability to.." or "inability to.." For the type of sentence - He was too tired to undress (himself) - where neither çok - very or fazla - in excess - is not suitable - Turkish uses a special comparative type construction. - Soyunamıyacak kadar yorgundu - [Lit: He was tired the amount pertaining-to-his-future inability-to-undress.] - He was too tired to get undressed. This third form is explained in detail below.. Verb Forms - Basic Infinitive - -mek/-mak soymak - to undress somebody else Reflexive Infinitive soyunmak - to undress oneself Negative Reflexive Infinitive soyunmamak - not to undress oneself Negative Potential Reflexive Infinitive soyunamamak - not to be able to undress oneself Future Relative Reflexive Participle - -ecek/-acak soyunacak - a future undressing of oneself

Negative Future Relative Reflexive Participle soyunmayacak - a future not undressing oneself Negative Future Potential Relative Reflexive Participle soyunamayacak - a future not being able to undress oneself A further example of this type The verb is basically gitmek - to go - which in this sentence takes the form of the Negative Potential - gidememek - not to be able to go Sinemaya gidemeyecek kadar meşgulum - I am too busy to go to the cinema The construction for - too.. - therefore is - Future Potential Relative Participle + kadar + comparison verb + person Ayşe, bu yıl tatil yapamayacak o kadar hastaydı Ayşe, this year her-future-inability-to-make-a- holiday that-amount ill she was - Ayşe was too ill to go on holiday this year. Araba güzel zaman içinde duramayacak kadar çabuk sürüyordu The car in-good-time its-future-inability-to-stop that-amount quickly was-going - The car was going too fast to be able to stop in time.