American Architectural Manufacturers Association
FENESTRATION FIELD TESTING: WHEN, WHY, and HOW R
Prepared by Dean Lewis Manager, Product Certification
[email protected] 1
AAMA…who are we? ¾ Founded in 1936; first standard in 1947 ¾ First window & door Certification in 1962 ¾ Publish over 60 Standards and Specifications ¾ Publish over 118 technical documents ¾ Product Certification program ANSI Accredited since 1972 ¾ 334 Manufacturing Locations ¾ 58 Extrusion Facilities ¾ 32 Accredited Laboratories ¾ 82 manufacturers of verified components ¾ 43.9 Million AAMA certification labels purchased in 2002 ¾ 60% of windows sold carry the AAMA label 2
AAMA Specifications... Windows and Components ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S.2-97 and ANSI/AAMA/WDMA 101/I.S.2/NAFS-02 Air-Water-Structural 300 series – Vinyl & other plastic profiles 701/702 - Weatherstrip and Weatherseals 613/614/615 - Organic Coatings on Plastic Profiles 2603/2604/2605 – Organic Coatings on Aluminum 901-908 – Hinges, Balances, Operators, Rollers 1503/NFRC 100 – Thermal 3
AAMA’s Third Party Certification Manufacturer Licensed with AAMA Tests at an AAMA-Accredited Lab Uniform Load Deflection Uniform Load Structural Air Leakage Water Penetration Forced Entry Life Cycle Provides Drawings, Bill of Material 4
AAMA’s Third Party Certification Validator Reviews Test Reports, Drawings, Components Recommends Product for Certification Inspects Labs for Accreditation Inspects Plants Production Quality Control Selects Components & Profiles for Testing Issues Product Certification Labels 5
AAMA’s Third Party Certification AAMA Contracts Validator Licenses Certifying Manufacturers Accredits Labs – Full Service & Field Testing Authorizes Product Certification Publishes Certified Products Directory Verified Components List Certified Profiles List 6
AAMA Certification Checks & Balances... Validator Inspects Accredited Labs, Component Labs Inspects Manufacturing Plants Inspects Profile Producers AAMA
Audits Validator Plant Inspection Lab Inspection Administration
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Accredits/Audits AAMA Certification Program Audits AAMA Publications Audits Validator 7
AAMA Certified Products Directory and Permanent Label...
AAMA Certified Products Directory
• 6,000 Product listings • 334 plants • 32 Laboratories • Windows • Sliding Glass Doors • Storm products
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The AAMA Gold Label
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ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S. 2 -97 is... ¾ Performance Based ¾ Material Neutral ¾ Required by IBC and IRC ¾ National in Scope
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101/I.S. 2/NAFS-02
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Performance Rating Window and Door products included in this standard are designated by a four-part code which includes product type, performance class, performance grade and maximum size tested. The format for product designation is:
Product Designation System HS - LC 25 48x76
Product Type Horizontal Slider
Performance Class Light Commercial
Performance Grade Design Pressure=25 psf
Maximum Size Tested Width x Height
Note: an asterisk (*) added to the performance grade indicates that the size tested for the optional performance grade was smaller than the minimum test size for the original product type and class. 12
ANSI/AAMA/NWWDA 101/I.S. 2 -97 Provisions... ¾ Mandatory Testing Air Infiltration Water Penetration Structural - Windload Forced Entry Resistance ¾ Optional Performance U Factor Condensation Resistance Acoustical
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Product Type Window and Door products covered in this standard are as follows: AP = Awning, Hopper, Projected Window BW = Basement Window C = Casement Windows DA = Dual Action Windows DA-HGD = Dual Action Hinged Glass Doors F = Fixed Windows GH = Greenhouse Windows H = Hung Windows (Single, Double, Triple) HE = Hinged Egress Windows
HGD = Hinged Glass Doors HP = Horizontally Pivoted Windows HS = Horizontal Sliding Windows J = Jalousie Windows JA = Jal-Awning Windows SHW =Side Hinged Inswinging Windows SGD = Sliding Glass Doors TA = Tropical Awning Windows TH = Top Hinged Windows VP = Vertically Pivoted Windows VS = Vertical Sliding Windows
Each product type and class requires minimum test sizes for entry into the product class. 14
Performance Class Window and Door products covered by this standard are divided into five performance classes as follows:
RR = = Residential Residential LC LC = = Light Light Commercial Commercial CC = = Commercial Commercial HC HC = = Heavy Heavy Commercial Commercial AW AW = = Architectural Architectural 15
Performance Grade Products are designated by the design pressure for which they have been tested in pounds per square foot. The structural test pressure is 1.5 times the design pressure. Each product performance class shall have a minimum performance grade as follows:
R LC C HC AW
= 15 psf (720 Pa) = 25 psf (1200 Pa) = 30 psf (1440 Pa) = 40 psf (1920 Pa) = 40 psf (1920 Pa)
In addition, products may be tested to optional performance grades higher than the minimum grade in increments of 5 psf (240 Pa). 16
Minimum Test Sizes Test Sample Requirements (Casement Windows) Window Designation
Minimum Frame Size
C – R15
1’5” (430 mm) x 4’0” (1220 mm)
C – LC25
2’0” (610 mm) x 4’0” (1220 mm)
C – C30
2’0” (610 mm) x 4’0” (1220 mm)
C – HC40
2’0” (610 mm) x 4’0” (1220 mm)
C – AW40
3’0” (910 mm) x 5’0” (1520 mm)
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Minimum Performance Requirements Listed by Class Window/Door Classes
Design Pressure (psf)
Structural Test Pressure (psf)
Water Resistance Test Pressure (psf)
Required Percentage for Water Testing
Residential
15
22.5
2.86
15%
Light Commercial
25
37.5
3.75
15%
Commercial
30
45.0
4.50
15%
Heavy Commercial
40
60.0
6.00
15%
Architectural
40
60.0
8.00
20% 18
Comparison Between the AW and HC Class Requirements CRITERIA
HC PRODUCTS
AW PRODUCTS
1.57 psf (75 Pa)
6.24 psf (300 Pa)
Air Infiltration Pressure Sliding Seal Products Air Infiltration Pressure Compression Seal Products Air Infiltration Allowance Sliding Seal Products
6.24 psf (300 Pa)
6.24 psf (300 Pa)
0.3 cfm/ft2 (5 m3/hr/m2)
0.3 cfm/ft2 (5 m3/hr/m2)
Air Infiltration Allowance Compression Seal Products
0.3 cfm/ft2 (5 m3/hr/m2)
0.1 cfm/ft2 (2 m3/hr/m2)
Water Test Pressure as a Percent of Design Pressure
15%
20%
E 547 & E331 None except Hung Products at L/175
E331 L/175 for all AW Products
0.4% 0f Span
0.2% of Span
Optional
Required
ASTM Test Method for Water Penetration Required Deflection Limit At Design Pressure Permanent Set Limit at Structural Test Pressure Life Cycle Testing per AAMA 910
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Primary (Gateway) Performance Requirements Window/Door Design Designation Pressure (Minimum Test Size) psf Pa GROUP I Single/Double/Triple Hung Windows H-R15 H-LC25 H-C30 H-HC40 H-AW40
(3'8" (3'8" (4'6" (5'0" (5'0"
x x x x x
5'0") 6'5") 7'6") 8'0") 8'0")
15 25 30 40 40
720 1200 1440 1920 1920
GROUP II Casement Windows C-R15 C-LC25 C-C30 C-HC40 C-AW40
(1'5" (2'0" (2'0" (2'0" (3'0"
x x x x x
4'0") 4'0") 4'0") 4'0") 5'0")
Structural Water Air Infiltration Test Resistance Test Maximum Rate ft 3/min m3/hr Pressure Test Pressure Pressure /m2 psf Pa psf Pa psf Pa /ft 2 Sliding Seal Window Products 22.5 37.5 45.0 60.0 60.0
1080 1800 2160 2880 2880
2.86 3.75 4.50 6.00 8.00
140 180 220 290 390
1.57 1.57 1.57 1.57 6.24
75 75 75 75 300
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
5 5 5 5 5
75 75 75 300 300
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.1
5 5 5 5 2
Compression Seal Window Products 15 25 30 40 40
720 1200 1440 1920 1920
22.5 37.5 45.0 60.0 60.0
1080 1800 2160 2880 2880
2.86 3.75 4.50 6.00 8.00
140 180 220 290 390
1.57 1.57 1.57 6.24 6.24
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Section 4.0 Optional Performance Grades
Under “Optional Performance Grades”, manufacturers can test their products to exceed the minimum performance requirements outlined in sections 1.0 and 2.0, for both design load and water test pressure.
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Glass and Glazing Materials Glazing specifications are included in the standard. Annealed glass installed in windows shall meet ASTM C 1036. Safety glazing materials where used, shall conform to ANSI Z97.1 or CPSC 16 CFR 1201. Tempered glass, where used, shall conform to ASTM C 1048 (Kind FT). Safety glazing shall be furnished on glass doors. Sealed insulating glass, where used, shall conform to ASTM E 774 level C or higher (Level A for AW products). Glass furnished by the manufacturer shall meet or exceed the values given in ASTM E 1300 for the design pressure rating of the product. Allowable pressures from the graphs are allowed to be increased as noted for the use of heat strengthened, fully tempered or sealed insulating glass and are required to be decreased as noted for the use of laminated glass. 22
Conformance Tests Unless otherwise stipulated in this specification, windows and doors submitted for tests under sections 2 and 4 shall contain glazing intended for use in the product. For products with glass infill, the glass type shall be the minimum strength required for a given load and size based on ASTM E 1300, with the exception that frame or sash deflections, where not specified in the document, are not limited to the glass edge dimension divided by 175. Products tested with a specific glass type shall qualify products of a smaller size manufactured with a different glass type provided the glass conforms to ASTM E 1300, as referenced above. Products tested with plastic materials shall not qualify glass glazing materials, nor products tested with glass qualify plastic glazing materials. Products tested with sealed insulating glass shall not qualify single glazed products. 23
Field Testing
Quality Assurance Photos courtesy Architectural Testing, Inc. 24
Project Specifications Not all projects have a field quality control section listed in the specifications. In these cases the laboratory performance requirements are usually referenced and used to develop an on-site test program. If the quantity, size and other details of the field test specimens are not listed in the project specification, standards/specifications such as AAMA are normally utilized. Typically the field quality control section of the project specification will either reference an AAMA field test standard or list specific performance requirements in addition to the ASTM test methods that are required. 25
Field Test Methods: ASTM ASTM E 783, Field Measurement of Air Leakage
Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors
ASTM E 1105, Field Determination of Water
Penetration of Installed Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls and Doors by Uniform or Cyclic Static Air Pressure Difference
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Standards/Specifications: AAMA AAMA 502-02, Voluntary Specification for Field
Testing of Windows and Sliding Glass Doors
AAMA 503-03, Voluntary Specification for Field
Testing of Storefronts, Curtain Walls, and Sloped Glazing Systems
AAMA 501.2-03, Quality Assurance and Diagnostic
Water Leakage Field check of Installed Storefronts, Curtain Walls, and Sloped Glazing Systems
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Standards/Specifications: AAMA Short Form Field Testing Specifications are provided for both 502 and 503 AAMA Field Testing Specifications are intended for testing of installed new fenestration Test chambers may be installed on the outside (positive pressure) or inside (negative pressure) of the building Field Testing to be conducted by an AAMAaccredited lab; AAMA 204-98, Guidelines for
AAMA Accreditation of Independent Laboratories Performing On-Site Testing of Fenestration Products 28
AAMA 502-02 Test Methods A and B differ in the location of the chamber perimeter lines and therefore, whether or not the perimeter seals, subframe/receptor system, and frame corners are tested under pressure. Test Method A is the default. Non-structural interior trim may have to be removed to check for leaks Optional Sill Dam Test checks for corner leaks 29
AAMA 502-02 Method A Test Setup
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AAMA 502-02 Sill Dam Test
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AAMA 502-02 Method B Test Method B tests the product and its installation in the rough opening. Chamber is applied to the wall construction. If interior wall materials have been installed, they must be removed at the test area to provide visual access to check for leaks
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AAMA 502-02 Method B Test Setup
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AAMA 502-02 Performance Criteria Allows 1.5 times the 101/I.S.2 specified maximum air leakage rate. A ‘blank’ may be used to identify and subtract extraneous air; e.g., through sides of the frame Water penetration resistance is tested at 2/3 of the 101/I.S.2 specified pressure. Cyclic pressure is used for R, LC, & C products; Uniform pressure for AW; both for HC. Alternate air leakage & water penetration resistance requirements may be specified 34
Interior Test Chamber AAMA 502-02 Method A 35
Interior Test Chamber AAMA 502-02 Method B 36
AAMA 503-03 Contract should specify testing area, and whether perimeter seals are to be included. Otherwise, the specimen should include perimeter seals, typical splices, frame intersections, and, if applicable, at least two entire vision lites and two entire spandrel lites containing an intermediate vertical and an intermediate horizontal. Field air leakage tests are only recommended for discrete “punched opening” curtain walls, storefronts, and sloped glazing elevations. Not recommended for a portion of a continuous system due to problems with compartmentalization and identification of extraneous air leakage. 37
AAMA 503-03 Windows and sliding glass doors included within the specimen are tested per AAMA 502 Water penetration is tested per E 1105, applying uniform (not cyclic) pressure Timing is critical; sheetrock, trim, insulation, etc. that would affect chamber attachment or visual inspection must be removed if installed If air leakage is to be tested, it must be performed before water penetration testing 38
AAMA 503-03 Test Setup
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AAMA 503-03 Performance Criteria Air leakage test performed at a minimum of 1.57 psf and not to exceed 6.24 psf. Allows 1.5 times the project specification rate or 0.09 cfm/ft2 whichever is greater Water penetration test shall be conducted at twothirds of the specified project water test pressure, but not less than 6.24 psf Alternate air leakage & water penetration resistance requirements may be specified
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Exterior Test Chamber AAMA 503-03 41
Interior Test Chamber AAMA 503-03 42
AAMA 501.2-03 Handheld spray nozzle (specified) No air pressure differential Field check; NOT a performance test Does not evaluate the system in a ‘real world’ fashion Used for QA during construction, or as a follow-up to 503 testing to identify specific location of leakage 43
AAMA 501.2-03 Test Setup
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