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Questions and short
Peopte around you
Reading: The myths that
answers
Everyday activities
make you feetguitty
YOURWORLD
Present simple and
Page 06
Present continuous
o2
Past simple and
Childhood and upbringing
Reading: The secrets of
Remembering and
forgetting
your memory Listening: Chitdhood and upbringing
Features and sights Adjectives for describing
Reading: What's the right type of hotiday for you?
Past continuous
MEMORY
used
to
and
would
Page 15
o8
Comparatives and
ACROSSTHE GLOBE
superlatives Different ways of
Page 26
comparing
o4
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Life events
Past simple
PersonaI qualities
REAL LIVES Page 36
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o5
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GO FOR IT!
when, unless, etc.
places
Reading: Pushed too far?
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Future clauses with rf,
Word families Work
Reading: Cetting ahead in the 21st century
Listening: Career
Page 46
crossroads
o6
tell
Past perfect
say and
Reported speech
Adverbs for telling stories
Reading: lt realty happened to me!
TRUE STORIES page 56
Study, Practice
& Remember page 132,Audio scripts
page 168, lrregular verb tist page 175
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MUST SEE!
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Reading: News stories
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page 66
o8
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will
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page 76
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objects
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page 86
10
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11
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RULES page 106
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page 96
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YOUR CHOICE
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page 116
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Study, Practice
Reading: Consumer crazy Listening: How gadgets
if
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Listening: The toughest decision of their lives
Reading: How to make decisions
& Remember page 132,Audio scripts page 168, lrregularverb list page 125
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*
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1 someone answering questions to complete a form 2 someone who has just arrived in a foreign country and
3
is greeting an old friend she hasn,t seen for a tong time someone getting to know a ctassmate on a new course
Work in pairs. Think of two questions that the peopte in each situation might ask. r$ i$; '1.€
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11 2_3_4_5_6_7_B_g b
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1 Where do tive your parents?
2 Where do your parents 572 + r
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ti
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1 A: Do at[ your famity tive near here? B: My parents live near here, but my sisterdoesn,t live near here. Does your father work in London? B: No, he works from nome.
2 A:
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i older sister i relative i grandchitd i grandparents i Worky'sehool i classmate i colleague i niece '''''''"i.'"' i best friend i acquaintance ''"j' i neighbour : cousin Farnily
stepmother stranger ha[f-brother
boss
employee
old schoot friend
mother-in-law flatmate ex-girlfriend
Add more words to the table.
Ex
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Listen to eight instructions.Write your answers in any of the spaces below.
l-anguage foculs 2 Fresent simple and Fresent eontinuous
3*
b
Look at the photos from Jess's birthday party tast weekend.What do you think her relationship is to each person in the photos? r4
€; 't.S Jess is showing the photos to a cotleague. Listen and check your answers to exercise 1a.
Lydia
*
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-
best friend
Listen again and find five mistakes in the sentences
below'
Jess is showing her photos
Ann
to Lyd6.
1
Lydia is working in a restaurant at the moment.
6
Jess's grandparents go out a [ot.
2 She wants to become a social worker. 3 She's apptying for lots of jobs. 4 lsabel is getting old. 5 She always pu[[s faces in photos.
7 Luxmmi is training to be a dentist. 8 joe is wearing sunglasses. 9 Joe's living in a student house at the moment.
10
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a
Look at the photos and discuss the questions.
. .
b
Which opinions (a-d) do you think are true?
a
b
c d 2a
ls there a lot of advice about lifestyle in newspapers and magazines in your country? Which photos remind you of yourself?
young people spend too much time on the internet people who get up early are more productive multitasking is an essential modern skil[ there's no such thing as too much exercise
Read the article. Choose a phrase
from exercise 1b
to complete the gaps. According to the article, is each phase a fact or a myth?
3a
Read the article again and answer the questions.
1 How does the writer feel about his own lifestyle? 2 When are night owls more productive? 3 What kind of people had damage to their heart
4 5
6
muscles? Which group spends the most time online in the USA? What are older people better at doing online than younger people? ls it impossible to multitask welt? Why /Why not?
Work in pairs. Te[[ your partner which paragraph you think is the most surprising and interesting. Give reasons for your answer.
4a What common beliefs do people
have about lifestyle
in your countrlr? Make a [ist.
People often say that you should sleep at least eight hours a day. You often hear that eating late at night makes you fat.
Work in pairs and compare your lists. Do you think each belief is a fact or a myth? Why?
Every time I open a newspapet I read a new piece of advice about what I'm doing wrong. I don't drink enough watel I sleep too much, I don't sleep enough ... it can get depressing. So I decided to do some research myself to find out if i should really feel so guilty. I've always felt bad because I find it difflcult to get up in the morning - mainly because I can never sleep before 2 a.m. So while my colleagues arrive for work looking bright and fresh at B o'cloc( I arrive at ten, feeling grumpy. And everyone knows that t_ , right? Wrong actually, according to a report from the University of Liege. Two hours after waking, researchers found that ear$ birds and night owls are equally productive. But ten hours after waking, night owls like me are less tired and better able to concentrate! So next time I'm late for work, I won't apologise; I'll just tell myboss that I'm a night owl - and that's good! Like many people, I constantly worry about the amount of exercise I take ... or rather don't take. I know i should spend hours in the gyn every day and run marathons just for fun. After all, '_, is there? Actually, according to a recent study, there is. Researchers studied top athletes who are now in their fifties and found that some of them had damage to their heart muscles. Men of the same age who didn't exercise so intensively had no damage. So perhaps I'm doing the best thing by sitting at home on the sofa? Unfortunately nol It seems the best advice is still the old saying: moderation in all things. Everyone says that 3 , and as someone who grew up with technology - a 'digital native' - I often worry that I might be an internet addict. But apparentli4 a recent study of Americans shows that it's not young people who go online the most, it's the middle-aged. The study found that 18- to 24-year-olds spend around 32 hours a week online, but for 45- to S4-year-olds it's 40 hoursl Howeve4 it's not all good news for digital natives. According to research, we are not as good as older people at actually using the internet. It seems we are too impatient and believe what we read too easily! I'm not the kind of person who can talk on the phone, shop online and cook dinner all at the same time, but I keep reading that a_ . Does this mean there is something wrong with me? I googled the subject and felt a little better It seems, after all, that the human brain can't do several things at the same time: it can only switch quickly from one task to another If you try to do several things at once, experts say that you simply do each thing less well. According to workplace psychoiogist Steven Nguyen, we should stop worrying about multitasking. 'Concentrate on what you are doing and do fewer things betteq'he says. Now that's advice that I'm happy to followl
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Writing An informal email
1
. . 2
it with
a As you know,
b Lots of [ove, c I want to hear a[[your news! d I reatty hope you're we[[. e PS You can see some photos of me now on my
Work in groups and discuss.
.
Read Katarina's message again and complete
the phrases below.
Do you use online sociaI networks a [ot? Why /Why not? Have people from your past got in touch with you through the internet? lf so, did you meet up with them? What happened?
f
profile page. So how are things
i
I
with you? g There's another reason I wanted to get in touch. h Please let me know. stil[remember
Read the online message
that Katarina sent to her old friend Grace. How do they know each other? What does Katarina want to do?
ffi
4
Match topics a-d with the paragraphs in Katarina's message.
a Questions for her old friend para. 2 b Reasons for getting in touch now
from Katarina
c Why she hasn't been in touch before d News about her own life
Hi Grace, Long time no see! lt's been a few years but I hope you
ffi
5a You are going to write
remember me! After we left university I lost your details, so I was really happy to find you again on this website. You look great in your photo.
? What are you doing now? Are you still
living in Manchester? Sorry for all the questions but ! And how is your family? ls your brother still training to be a lawyer? And what are your parents that holiday I spent at your house with
'_ doing?
your family, Happy days!
after university I moved back to Slovakia. I'm stillthere now. I live in Bratislava with my husband, Hendrik. He's a W producer. I work for a media company now Life changes so quickly! | really love my life here but I still miss our time togetherat university, It was so much fun! ,
. My company is sending me to Manchester for three days next week. Hendrik is coming with me. While we?e there we would really love to meet up with you. ls that possible? ' Take care. Katarina
a simitar message.Think
of
an old friend you haven't seen for a long time and invent a reason to contact him/her. Use the topics in exercise 4 to make notes for your message.Add any other information thatyou want to inctude.
6
Write
a first draft of your message. Fol[ow the same structure as Katarina's message and use the checklist betow to help you.
. . .
Are there clear paragraphs? (e.g. the topics in exercise 4) Are you using appropriate phrases? (see exercise 3) Are you using present tenses and questions
correetly?
;
Hayg vou cne$ed.snglting a1d plnctuation?
7a Work in pairs.
Read each other's messages and suggest improvements. Use the checktist above to help you. Read your partner's comments and ask him/her for more information if necessary.Then write the final
draft of your message.
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The $Gorels of ysur memory lMemory expert Professor Jemima Gryaznov answers your most cornmon questions about mernory.
I Why can I remember events in my childhood but not what happened last week? we remember the things t.har have srrong connections in our mind. especially emotional connections. Childhood memories are often very emotionai: we experience things for the first time so we have strong felhngs of fear or excitement. Retelling events also helps to fix them in our memories and interesting or funny stories from our childhood are often told again and againl
2 Do sorne people really have a photographic memory ? It is well knor,m that some peopie have an exlraordinary mem&y. Daniel Tammer. for example, can remember the firsr 22.500 digits
of
pi and Stephen
wiltshire can draw a detailed picture of a city from memory uit., flying over it in a lrErruuyLsr. helienntpr lFJnrrrarrat noirha. Daniel n.-i^l nor c.^^"^^ have photographic q luvvcvcr, rreither ^^- stephen a memory They are good at remembering particular things for a limited time. A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picrure. a book or an event many years later. No one has yet proved rhat they have a phorographic mpm^rrr
in e cnianri4n ta51.
3 Is computer memory better than human memory? That depends what you mean by better'l Information in a compurer is stored in separate pieces. Human memory is stored in a different way Each piece of information is connecled to many other pieces. Thar s why a panicular smell can bring back memories of a holiday or u p.rron. The problem *ith hu-un memory is that it is messy and not very accurare. The problem wilh computer memory is that iL can t make connections between pieces of inlormaLion it isn't creatlve. -
4 1'm 24.Is rny memory getting worse? Not yet. bur ir will do soon. our memory reaches
irs full power at the age
of
25.
At that polnt we can remember up to 200 pieces of information a second. After this age. however. the brain srarts to get smalJer By the age of 40 we are losing 10,000 brain cells every day By middle age our memory is significantly worse than when we were young.
5 Is it possibie to remember early childhood? Scientisfs used to believe that ir was imposs,ble to remember very early childhood, but recent research shows that babies are -u.ir .t.u.r.r i#n previously Lhoughr. Some people really can remember being a baby Others, howevel remember nothing before the age of five or even tenl
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Language focus
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1
Fast simple and Past continuouls Work in pairs.Test your memory by answering the quiz questions as quickly as you can. Give brief details for each answer.
3a
Listen to five peopte discussing the quiz. 'eG =.= Which question is each speaker discussing? Can you remember what the speakers said?
Complete the listening extracts below.
1
Last Engtish lesson I was wearing jeans and a
shirt. I was
I remember my grandfather, and he died when I was two and a half. I
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Suddenty, my favourite appeared at the door and I walked towards her. 3 At that time I was watching on TV.
*t:r *a{t{,er.
4 She had very
Howwell do you remember the past? t
,
9u:
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g
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a
b
and
dark
,
and she
the
Listen again and check.
4a
Undertine eight Past simple verbs in the sentences in exercise 3a.Which verbs are regular and which are irregular?
b
Circle seven examples of the Past continuous in exercise 3a. How do we form the Past continuous?
rast saturday
afternoon?
3 How did you meet your oldest friend,
-
dark
always wore a lot of make-up on her 5 White I was shopping in town, I saw the news on the TVs in . I went into the shop and asked what was happening. Everyone in the shop was talking about it.
you remember anything that happened to you
r flili"#i['J::HT], ,
months old and I was walking
with my parents - they were holding my hands.
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ffi
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or your
first teacher and what
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,
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you heard about
news? (e g the death il iTfi'fl..lfi"":,:ff '''
I
saw the news onTV while lwas shopping.
J3:F9Rx: -X
{' past
-
|
>tuture
saw the news on TV. I
At 3 o'clock last Saturday I was watching faotball. I was walking with my parents when my favourite aunt appeared.
1 The Pastsimple / Pastcontinuous shows complete actions, usuaily the main events in a story.
2 The Pastsimple / Pastcontinuous shows actions
3
in
progress at a point in the past. They start before and often continue after the main events. We can link Past simpte and Past continuous actions
with the words'when' and Notice that we do not usually use the Past continuous to describe states or repeated actions.
I
She had dark hair and
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Llstening and vocabula,y
4
Chitdhood and upbringing
Check the meaning of the words in bold in a dictionary.Who said these things?Write R (Rafaet) or M (Mi-Sun/Emity) next to the ideas below.
My parents were very
Read about Mi-Sun/Emity and Rafael.You wi[[ hear
1
them describe their upbringing. What topics do you think they wil[ mention?
strict. M
My parents punished us sometimes
trouble if we were rude.
-
we got into
lf we behaved badly, our parents stopped our
pocket money. lf I argued with my mum, my dad totd me off and I felt reatly ashamed. My parents got angry if we got into troubte at schoot. In our culture, you should always respect
your parents. Our parents only praised us if we did something rea[[y excettent.
7 Our parents encouraged us a [ot. 8 They didn't often criticise us. 9 They gave me a lot of confidence.
Work in pairs and discuss. Use the words in exercise 4 to explain your answers.
. .
Was your upbringing more similar to Mi-Sun/ Emity's or Rafael's? ln what ways? How wittido you bring up your children? ls this different from your upbringing?
Mv parents were strict - they punished us a lct.
Rafael Martin (27), who is half Spanish and half British, grew up and
i'ii
went to school in the same part of London as Mi-Sun (Emily) Kim (28), whose family is Korean. However, their upbringings were very different.
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i* &1a.= Listen
to Mi-Sun/Emity and Rafae[. Which things below were:
a b
c
€
things their parents permitted? things they didn't permit? things they insisted on?
Read the extracts about Mi-Sun/Emity and Rafael's after-school activities. Underline four verbs with used to and two with would ('d).
My mum decided thot my brother ond I should both Leorn the piano, so thot's whot we did. We used to proctise t'or two hours every doy ofter
RafaeI 1 going to bed on time 2 being mean to his sister 3 ptaying in the street with his friends 4 hanging out in town with his friends 5 staying out late at the weekend
schooL ond more ot the weekend. )ccosionally,
I orgued with my mum obout piano proctice ond then my dod would tell me ot'f, and I used to t'eel very ashomed.
Mi-Sun/Emily
1 ptaying at friends' houses 2 going for sleepovers 3 going out in the evenings
4 !
5
ptaying the piano gettingA's in schoolwork
Can you remember anything Rafael and Mi-Sun/ Emity said about the topics in exercise 2?
a:i
After school we used to play in the street with our friends - t'ootball or skoteboording - or we'd go inside and ploy glmes on the computer. When I wos obout 11, I used to love honging out in town with my friends. I thought I wos reolly cool!
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Wffiffik Describe a personal memory Preparation Listening and vocabutary la
to hear three peopte describe a personal memory retated to the pictures below. Find these things in the pictures. You are going
an
anchor a branch tree a sailing boat
a cherry
a budgie a
swing
Check the meaning of the verbs and phases in the box.Which things in exercise 1a do you think they
retate to?
to be tame to fall off to get [angled to perch to
rescue
to fty off to black out
to float to get choppy
2.
{l flz.a Listen to the three stories and match them with the pictures. Choose the best titte for each story.
. . . . . . . . .
A memorable celebration A story about a childhood pet Meeting someone important in my life Meeting a famous person A time I got into trouble A time I was reatly frightened
A childhood accident trip l'[[ never forget A day when everything went wrong A
Listen again and answer as many of these questions as you can for each story. 1 When/Where did the story happen? 2 What other background information do you learn? 3 What happened? 4 How did the speaker fee[?
Listen again and tick the phrases you hear in the Useful language box.
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Find out
first
View
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1a Match the photos with the events below
. . .
the Beijing Otympic Cames the Bertin Wa[[ coming down the death of Diana, Princess of
.
Wales the assassination Kennedy
.
2a You are going to watch a video about memories of important events. Before you watch, match the words and phrases in A with their meanings in B. A 1
psychologist
2 striking 3 vivid 4 amygdala 5 lay down a memory 6 idiosyncratic 7 recatI
of lohn F.
the first Derson on the moon
Can you put the events in the order
in which they happened?
B
a remember
c
b a part of the brain c unique to one person and not true of everyone d someone who studies the human mind e very attractive or memorab[e f makes strong, clear images in the mind g make a new memory
Co ontine to check your answers or ask your teacher.Which events do you think peopte remember
the most?
O
Watctl the video.Which events from exercise mentioned? Are any other events mentioned?
3a
1
Watch the video again and answer the questions.
1
What are the characteristics of a ftashbulb memory?
5
What sort of news or event is associated with a flashbutb
6
Why are deaths often the subject of ftashbutb
2 How long do ftashbutb memories [ast? 3 What is the purpose of the amygdata? 4 How many flashbulb memories do most people have? memory? memories?
b
Work in pairs and compare your answers.
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Language focus 'l #*mpmr"mtfi vms 3
mx'nd
supes"[mtives
Work in groups. Do the quiz above to test your world knowledge.
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of information about each question.
e
Underline a[[the comparatives and superlatives in the quiz.
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What are the comparative and superlative forms of these adjectives?
tong tatl happy poputar far
2 3 "*
z
4
l.rard-working
Write the rules for one-, two- and three-syilabte adjectives. Think of two more irregular adjectives like far.
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=r* = Match the sentences with the correct picture.
1 X is much higher than
y.
2 X is a (tittte) bir higher than X 3 X is a lot higher than y. 4 X is stightty higher than y.
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Complete the missing words in the superlative phrases.
1 lt's the tallest
city
the wortd. lt's the second/third biggest the USA. lt's the biggest countries in South America. lt's far the tongest coasttine in the worro. 5 happy peopte in the world are the citizens of Toeo.
2 3 4
one got The--
city
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:
Vocabulary
Reading
Features and sights
1a
"l
Look at the words in the box.Where do you usually find these features and sights? Put them in the correct place in the diagram below
.."n"i
;;;y ;;"".r, .u,iag" ctiff docks a factory farmland. . a festival a (rain)forest a harbour a hitt an island ;";i;";,"i"; a
cathedral
a
a a
lake
a
view a village a waterfalt 6affs)
a
palace
market a
a
shopping
monument
a
mosque
ma[[ a skyscraper
Work in pairs and discuss.Which of these things do you look for in a holiday destination? What else do you look for?
.
sunshine and beautifuI beaches
:
:::ffiJili.:Tfi,4;:,jjiLlii'J'"s,etc')
. .
a museum
a temple
Z
nighttife and shopping
ariand cutture (festivits, palaces, etc.)
the website quickly.Woutd you prefer Landon's hotiday or Valentina's hotiday? Why? Rea.d.
Work in pairs.Which pair can find the following information in the text first? 1
2 3 4 5 6 7
Landon's university course: Where in Thaitand the Crand Palace is located: When AngkorWat was rediscovered: Where Halong Bay is in Vietnam: The place where'fu[[ moon' parties happen:
Valenti na's favou rite activity: The name of a festivaI in Dubai: 8 How long it takes to fly from Santiago to Dubai:
9 The number of shops in Dubai Ma[[: 10 The name for a traditional market in Dubai:
4c
Look at the readers' comments. Are the comments
for Landon orValentina?
ls each comment
suggesting visit or avoid?
What places would you recommend or not recommend? Write your own comment for Landon orValentina to add to the website. Underline these phrases in the text.Then choose the correct meaning, a or b.
1
b 2a
Add two more features and sights to each group.
2
Work in groups. How many of these world-famous places can you match with words from exercise 'la?
3
the Amazon rainforest 1
the Cannes Fitm
h
nl
5
_
8 lguazu 9 the Suez
b
b
r.+ tisten and check.
lt's different from other places.
Dubai is right up her street. a lt's very close to her. b lt's the kind of place she'[[ like a lot.
b
Ontario
5 the Hermitage 6 the Canary 7 the Blue
There's... nowhere quite like it. a lt's similar to other places.
4 ... they're worth visiting... a lt's a good idea to visit them.
2 Buckingham 3 Sydney
4
... it's a must-see!
a You should definitety go and see it. b lt's necessary to go and see it.
6
They can be very expensive.
you can't beat these two cities. a You won't like these two cities. b They're the best. ...
Work in groups.Take turns to tatk about your ideal holiday. Other members of the group listen and recommend places to visit/avoid.Try to use the phrases from exercise 5.
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3.F Listen to pan (a9) and her daughter Jasmine as they tatk about how Shanghaihas changed. Check your answers to exercise 1. Did they ,.y th" same things as you? h
Cl
(!+l
b
Language focus Z
your answer.
Different way$ of comparing
3
took at the two photos showing the same part of Shanghai 20 years ago and now, then read ;lt,s a fact!'Work in pairs and answer the questions.
. . .
Why do you think the population of the city has changed so much in Z0 years? What are the main differences between how the city [ooked then and now?
the-streets wereverysimilarto
different from the streets now.
the sentences in exercise 2 again. Comptete the for comparing in box A with the prepositions
in box
A
B.
oifieieni iimiLir. fewer less as
2
the
sime *orse
(x2) from
not ai uusv
to
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1 There were fewer /less cars rnen. There was fewer /less traffic then.
2
In Shanghai 25 years ago:
2
Read
phases
Where is Shanghai and what do you know about it?
Try to guess the correct answers.
1
Listen again. Overall, are pan and Jasmine positive about the changes or negative? Give reasons for
/
completely
3 Put the phrases in the best ptace on the tine. iompteiely Oitfeient irom rUort in. i.r. j, exactly the same
as
a bit different
from
very similar ro
the historic buildings are the sameas / different
from how they were. 3 o,lder peopte play exactlythesame different games on the street. 4 younger peopte were notasbusyas
/
completely
/ thesameas
they are now. 5 clothes were r??ore / less cotourfut than they are now. 6 shops were better /worse than they are now. 7 there were /ewer / more cars than there are now.
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Kkffik Provide an insider's guide Listen to the second part of the conversation. Match the ptaces Tom recommends with the ideas in the box.
la
Preparation Listening Name three famous tourist attractions in London. Have you ever visited London? lf so, which places did you see?
1
is
Carta is asking advice because she wants
to know:
,
4 the
the South Bank
1:
iI i
Shertock Hotmes
Museum
1
ethnic food
the 19th century oicnics
views of famous buitdings individuatty designed clothes a lively atmosphere
4
Listen again and tick the phrases you hear in the UsefuI language box.
5
Which of the places thatTom mentions would/ woutdn't you tike to visit? lf you could visit only one, which would you choose? WhY?
I ,
t
=
theatres and concert halls free exhibitions street entertainers ceer vintage stuff ctlbs and nighttife
a the most popular tourist attractions. b the places that locals go to. c t[e cheapest ptaces to eat out and shop.
@
*.:
2 Brick Lane market 3 Richmond Park
visiting London for the first time and asks her friend Tom for advice. Listen to the first part of the conversation and choose the best summary.
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I Speaking
3
Look at the questions in exercise 2a again.
Travel problems
1 What phrases make questions 1-3 polite? 2 What phrases make questions 4-9 potite? What is different about the word order?
1a Work in sma[[ groups and look at the picture. Which travel probtems does it show? What travel problems have you experienced? What happened?
t
@Watctr and tisten to the key
OWatctr the video of three conversations. What problem is each passenger having? How does
sentence stress.
he/she resolve the problem?
Could you
phases. Repeat
the
questions and phrases. Notice how the speakers use
tell me how much it will cost?
2a Which conversation are these phrases from? WriteT (taxi), B (bus)orTr (train).Then watch again and check your answers.
1
Excuse me ... what was that announcement? Tr
2 One more question: is this ticket stitt valid? 3 Can I askyou a question? ... How do I get to the
4
5 6 7 8 9
Manhattan shopping centre? Do you know where I get off? Could you tell me how much it wi[[ cost? Do you know which platform the 4:38 goes from? Do you know how long it wi[[ take? Coutd you te[[ me where I have to change? Do you know when the next one is?
Which questions are usefu[ on more than one form of transport?
4
Rewrite the questions in a more polite form using
the prompts in brackets. ls this seat free? (a question)
Could I
1
ask
you a question? ls this seat free?
Where do I get on the bus? (know)
2 Which platform is the 6:30 to Paris? (tettme) 3 Can I use this ticket on the train? (excuse) 4 What time wi[[the train arrive? (know) 5 How do I get to the airport? (tast question) 6 Where do I have to change? (tett me) 7 Does this bus go to High Park? (a question) 5a Work in pairs. Choose a new travel problem and write a short dialogue. Try to use polite questions.
Ouestion 2 is useful on a bus or a train. Act out your conversation to the rest of class. Which conversation was the most entertaining?
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Lamguage foeuls
1
Work in groups and discuss. Have you achieved anything the other students don't know about? For exampte, have you ever won an award, been in a newspaper or played in a band? What happened? .:-.::,
How many of the famous people in the photos do you recognise? Checkyour answers on page 131. Work in pairs. Can you match the peopte with the surprising achievements in the text?
The surprising achievements of famous people has published a best-seliing book for children
wrote over 70 books and won the Nobel prize for Literature. has learnt to speak six languages and has founded many
schools for poor children has studied architecture and has designed several buildings. has rowed from England to France.
.
: Listen and check. One of the achievements was planned but didn't happen.Which one was it and why? :1'
:.:
Choose the correct verb form. Listen again and check.
1
Barack Obama published / has published several books. ln 2008, he wrote / haswritten a book for his two daughters. 2 Over the course of his tife,Winston Churchittpainted I has painted more than 500 pictures and wrote I haswritten over 70 books. In 1953, hewon / haswon the NobeI prize for Literature. 3 Since '1995, Shakira founded I hasfoundedschools for poor children a[[ over Columbia. she also raised / has alsoraised manv millions of dollars for charitv. 4 Brad Pitt was / hasbeen inierested in architecture since he was young, and he designed / hasdesigned a restaurant and an apartment buitding. 5 Before she was I hasbeen engaged to princeWittiam, Kate M iddlet on trained / has trained to row across the Engtish Channel in an a[[-woman team.
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Reading and speaking T
Work in groups and discuss.
. . A
Did your parents have any ambitions or plans for you when you were growing up? What did they do to hetp you achieve them?
Look at the photos ofAndreAgassi and read the text below.What do you learn about:
. . . . .
the reasons for his fame? his his his his
Darents and childhood? career? personal probtems?
marriage and children?
".',..."...........:
Andre Agassi is genera[[y considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time anU the greatest returner of the bal.t in the history of tennis. Agassi was introduced to tennis by his father, Mike, who had been a tennis groundsman
during his youth. Mike Agassi trained atlfour of his children intensively to become tennis professiona[s, but only Andre, the youngest, showed great tatent. Andre went on to win numerous championships and became one of the biggest stars in the history of the game. However, he also suffered from drug and other personaI problems. Andre Agassi is now married to one of the greatest women players ever, Steffi Gral whose
father also trained her hard as a child. Since he retired from tennis. Agassi has dedicated himsetf
to hetping poor and abused young peopte, giving them the chance to have a good education. Agassi and Graf have not taught their children
how to play tennis. FIND OUT MORE Co online to find out rnore about Andre Agassi and pushy parents,
Work in pairs and discuss.
. .
How old do you thinkAgassiwas when he started ptaying tennis? What kind of childhood and upbringing do you
think he had?
Read the text again and mark the statements below true (T), fatse (F) or not sure (ttlS). Underline the part of the text that gives you the answer.
1
4
answer the questions.
2 3
Andre feets that no one cares about his ooinion. He hates his father. His father wants him to be frightened of
1
4
the dragon. He feels worried because he can't do what his
5
father wants. He is more frightened of the dragon than of his father.
Read the extract fromAgassi's autobiography and
2 3 4
What
Andre doing in this extract? How does the youngAndre feel about tennis? How does he feel about his father? What is'the dragon'? is
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F* I soall IBou
Mettemns
tifetine 1990 ...
@ ISSO I started school. 1998 | started learnino @
ZO
I moved
@ zooz
to lstanbul with my family.
My dad gave me my first
2008 lfinished high schooland began
studying
at university
Vocabutary Life events 'l
a
...O-lmetSelim.rrv
Comptete the word map with the phrases in the box. change job
€Fds€+e get a promotion go to university leave school make a lot of money rent or buy a house
get divorced get a job have children lose
yourjob
Pass
your exams
start school
"....9 2012 | left university
fa[[ in love get engaged get married leave home move house retire quit your job
"
and got my first job in mY business.
-'s Language focus 2
Love and relationships
Home and family
bring up your children Career Eraduate
Present perfect simple and Present
perfect continuous
1 ffi 4.4 Read Meltem's tifetine above.Then listen and comptete the gaps. Use Meltem's lifeline and audio script 4.4 on
b
Work in pairs and discuss. . In what order do the things in each category usualty happen? (There are different possibitities.) . Which of these things have you done? . Which haven't you done yet? . Which of these things are you going/hoping to do in the future? Look at the words/phrases in exercise 1a again.
Then do the quiz on page 126to check what you remember.
page 170 to complete the sentences.
1
She lived in Ankara for
_
years.
2 She's been studying Engtish since she was _ years. 3 She's been living in lstanbul for _ 4 She studied business for vears at universitv. 5 She's been going out with Selim since 20 6 She's been working for her uncle for about .
_
years.
_
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_
_
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Vocabulary Personal qualities
1
Read the descriptions below Mark each one to show if it is a positive quatity (+), a negative quality (-) or if you are not sure (NS).
.
. . . . . . E*
i. l
l\omtnate someone for
He/She's (extremely):
an award
- charming. - courageous. - creative. - dedicated. - determined. - egotistica[. - inspiring. - obsessive. - origina[. - ruth[ess. - self-confident. - talented. He/She's got strong principles. f e/She's a strong leader. He/She cares a lot about other people. He/She doesn't care about other people. He/She [ikes publicity. He/She inspires respect.
Add names to three of the categories. 1 A famous world leader: 2 A we[t-known business leader: 3 A writer, artist or musician who is famous at the moment: 4 A successfuI sports personatity from your counrry: A successful person you know
_
persona[[y:
Choose at least three words or phrases to describe each person you have written down. Compare and explain your answers in groups.
Prepa Complete the sentences to make them true for you.
1
ration l-istening
Read about the'lnspiration Award'. What kind of person is it awarded to?
I reatty admire peop[e who ... are
".._;!-
caurageaus and have strang principles"
2 | never trust people who ... 3 | don't like people who ... 4 lwish lwas (more) ...
Look at the photos.Which peopte have you heard of? Why do you think they might be nominated for the Inspiration Award?
tJe
#
*.u-+.ts Work as a ctass. Choose three people from the photos and listen to their nominations.What reasons do the speakers give for each nomination?
Listen to the same three nominations again.Tick the phrases you hear in the Useful language box.
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Have you heard of Charles Dickens? Have you read any of his book or seen film adaptations of them? lf so,
3a You are going to watch
a video about Charles Dickens and how his childhood influenced his work. Before you watch, check you understand the meaning of the words and phrases in the glossary.
what were they about?
Glossary the disadvantaged the oppressed
Za Work in pairs.Try to answer the questions below.
1 2
When did Dickens [ive? Which of these famous novels
a
did he write?
.
Anna Karenina
. OliverTwist . Huckleberry Finn . Emma . David Copperfield 3
What other novels is he Apart from his novels, what
a
factory in the past that made
compassion
boot polish caring about other people and
to be in debt
their problems to owe money that you cannot pay back
OWat.tl the video and
read the statements below. Who do they describe: Dickens the chitd (C), Dickens the writer/man (W) or Dickens's father (F)?
famous for?
4
blacking factory
poor people who have few opportunities people who are treated unfairly and have few rights
is
Dickens known for?
1
His work has always been popular. W
2 He had a very successfuI career. 3 He grew up in a comfortable home. 4 He got into debt.
Co online to check your answers or ask your teacher.
5 He was sent to prison. 6 He had to work long hours in a factory. 7 He spent a lot of time walking the streets of London. 8 He cared passionately about the poor.
Search: Charles Dickens + biography/ facts
4
Simon Callow is a famous British actor and a biographer of Dickens.Watch the video again and tick four reasons that he gives for admiring Dickens.
. . . . . .
seems very human and reat. rea[[y wanted to make the world a better place. was an extremely poputar and successfulwriter. was very passionate about what he believed in. was funny, clever and knowledgeable. What he wrote about is sti[[ relevant todav. He He He He He
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Have you ever wondered whether you have the skill that you need to succeed in the 2lst century? We have the answers.
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Keep $earning
Ten years ago, nobody was designing apps for
mobile phones or using social media to reach new customers. Now these are popular jobs for graduates. As the world of work changes, we need to change, too. In the past, you just had to ask your uncle to get you a job in his company. These days we need to ldentify our strengths and constantly improve our skills. Business guru Heinz Landau suggests spending ten percent of your time on personal improvement; for exampie, learning a language or a new computer programme. As somebody once said, 'lf you work hard on your job, you can make a living. But if you work hard on yourseli, you can make a fortune.'
2
S*n't b* afrnid of failure
If you don't believe me, look at Thomas Edison, the inventor of the flrst light bulb, or Jimmy Wales, founder of Wikipedla. Edison tried at least
6,000 dilferent materials for his light bulb before flnding one that worked. That's 6,000 failures to flnd just one success. And before Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales had tried and failed to start several internet businesses, but none of them was prof,table. Failure, however, didn't upset Wales. It gave him useful experience and knowledge. When you work for a company, though, it's worth remembering the words of famous British businessman, Alan Sugar: 'l don't mind mistakes. I just don't like people making them twice.' FIND OUT MORE 6o online
to find out more about jirnmy
-S/ales
and Nupedia or any of the other peopte in this article.
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Language focus Future forms T
z 1
e
Are you ambitious or not? Do the quiz to find out.
b
Turn to page 127 and add up your score. Look at the quiz results to find out what it means.
Whether you're already in a career or you're just about to enter the world of work, find out if you're ambitious enough to succeed. 1 You find out that your local college is running a course next term that will be useful for your career. How do you react?
a You enrol immediately and pay for it yourself b You decide that you're going to do it and ask your company to pay. e You're doing a lot in the next few months so you decide to wait until next Year.
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Work in pairs and comPare your results. Do you think this is an accurate description of your partner?
.5* Read the quiz again and underline three future forms with going fo + verb, three future forms with w'll + verb and two with the Present continuous. Can you find any other verbs or phrases in the quiz that express the future?
3 You are about to leave work and go away for the weekend with your fanrily. At the last minute, something irnportant comes up that needs dealing with over the weekend. What do you do? a You call your family and say that you're not going b You call your colleagues and try to find someone else to dealwith the Problem. c You leave a message for your boss and explain that your family will be upset if you don't spend the weekend witn them
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5 What's your attitude towards hard work? a lt's the onlv wav l'll achieve what I want b l'm only going to work hard if l'm paid well. e Hard work interferes with my social life stat€Et:*s:t **s€ slctEr*arEs** 7*tsr attit*4* y*ur fa*ture car**r? interd ro be successful whatever it takes. aI b l'm going to do my best and see what happens. c One day I hope l'll frnd alob that really suits me.
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Read about Sofia and the life choices she faces.
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to more than one choice.
1
4
l'm going to see a bit of the wortd before I settte down and start a famity. l'tt be quatified next year, untess I fait my exams of course. lf I stittfeelconfused in a month's time,l'[ljust pack my bags and go. I probabty won't see David until I get back from
5
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2 3
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6
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When we have children and theY go to schoo[, l'tt have the same holidavs as them'
These conjunctions
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;;il;;iilt"i.!r'.1.ii,'t1i;n;' 1
Look at the conjunctions in bold in exercise 2. Underline the verb that follows the conjunction'
2
The sentences in exercise 2 are about the future, but what tense is used after the conjunctions? What verb forms are used in the other ctause?
3
ls there a big difference in meaning between the pairs of sentences? lf so, what is it? I teave my job, my father wilt be angry. When | leave my job, my father wi[[ be angry' lf he doesn't come with me, I won't go.
1 lf
2
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SIR DARREN SWEET is the multi-millionaire owner of several international companies. However, he left school when he was 15 and has no qualifications..He started work on his uncle's market stall and from there he built up his first comPany.
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3 Freddie Osborne-Davis Age:24 Career. investment banker
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I I
i thrnk of myself as charming but ruthless. I am absolutely determined to succeed. lf Str Darren doesn't give me a top job, someane else wtll. Background:
' . .
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. '
.
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3
Melody Pelosi Pn0nU Age:27 Career. runs her own sandwrch company
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'
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.
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.
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Writing ACV 1
Work in pairs and read the job adverts.Which jobs would/wouldn't you like to do? Why?
Flat23, Portman House Belfast Road
Manchester
M36 9tZ Y: O'l6l 599 376 M: 0788 548 3829
[email protected]
TRAINEE MARKETING ASSISTANT: Botswana Adventures
ry&*s6!"c
Wild African Adventures is a travel company that specialises in orce- n al letime holidays to Botsnana rn Africa. We are looktng for a trainee marketing assistant to join our team and help find new customers. Some travel to Africa may be required. A love of foreign
Final year student in Information Technology at Leeds l'\,4etro
one-to-one lrarnrng. Strong interpersonal skills and the ability to work in
adventure, an enthusiastic attitude and an ability to work in a team are essential.
a team.
Send younCV to Karen Bexley
[email protected] v.
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High school graduate, Thomas Manly Secondary School, Leeds
pffiffis&p*&*- ffiffiT,&81$ Full clean drvrng licence. Non-smoker. Languages English and Hrndi (mother tongue), Urdu (fluent), Spanish (conversat onal). lnterests include sport, reading and pnorograpny.
to Marion Nelson
[email protected]
SECRETARY Cotd StarApptiances se[[s top-quatity domestic app[iances We are looking for a friendly, professional secretary with an excellent telephone manner. Must be abte to type. No previous experience required, but enthusiasm is essential. Send your CV to
[email protected] WendyYang on 0283 383 128
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it simitar or different to CVs that people usually write in your country? Read Sean's CV. How is
5a Sean adapts his CV for each job he applies for. Which of the four jobs in exercise 1 do you think he is apptying for?
Look at the words and phrases in bold in Sean's CV.
Underline the phrases in his CV which show he is right for the job.Which phrases come directty from the advert?
Match them with the definitions below.
1 can get on we[[with people 2 working without being paid in order to get exDerience
3
someone who has comDleted their course at school or university
in Information Technology, Leeds Metropolitan
Ur ve's ty (ode to g'adrare ,r Jrly)
New Skills Training is a charity that helps the elderly and disadvantaged to get online. We are looking for an enthusiastic and outgoing person with excellent computer and interpersonal skills to join our team and help get people online. Previous experience not essential. Send your CV
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Two month work placement with an lT training company: - learning how good lT trainers work; helping to train nennle in h.s r rnmnr.ter skills. Volunteer for a local charity: - working with disadvantaged teenagers and he ping them r6 lo2.p lp\^/ .n-n, r-er SLi lS.
Sitver Fit Gym is a friendly, modern gym. We have a team of fitness instructors who hetp our customers to achieve their goats. We are currentty looking for new trainee fitness instructors to join our team. No previous experience is required but a love of sport and fitness, a positive attitude and an abitity to inspire peopLe are essentia[. Send your CV to
po itan U n rversity. computer si i ls combined with experience of
Excel ent
4
Read the note below and
find more examples in
Sean's CV.
4 first language
Note: ln a CV we often miss out words which
5 can work with other peopte 6 someone who doesn't smoke 7 and
fas-e final-year studenf in lnfarmatian Technology
are
unnecessary or obvious.
at the Leeds Metropalitan Universrty.
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When Tamara Rabi met Adriana Scott at a local McDonald's @ restaurant, their lives changed forever 'l didn't know what to say except "hi". I was just so shocked - it was like seeing myselfl' says Adriana. They were both students at neighbouring universities in Long Island, New York, and'_ . They shared a birthday, they were exactly the same height and both loved hlp hop. But the most important thing they shared was the same I\lexican mother Both girls grew up knowing thal. '_ . but they had no idea that they had an identical tu'rn. Then, Justin Lattore, a friend of Adriana's, went to Tamara's twentieth birthday parqr When he walked in and saw Tamara, he couldn't believe his eyes. 'l was just shocked - she looked so much like Adriana,' says Justin. Then it got clearer - they had to be sisters. In fact, '_ , clearly mistaktng her for someone else. Following the birthday, Justin put the two girls in touch and they arranged the McDonald's meeting by email. As she came towards me, she was walking like me, talkrng like me,'says Tamara. 'We have the same mannerisms, the same interests and got the same grades at school,' adds Adriana. The girls even discovered that as children o_: of a really loud noise followed by a very quiet one. They had another sad lactor in common. '_ a few years before they met. Now the twins are flnishing their studies, and they meet often. 'l feel she's my sisteq but our relationship right now is more like friends,' says Tamara. She's optimistic and excited that their futures wiil be together: 'We will always have each other We don't have any other brothers and sisters - we'll grow oJd togetherl
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'i.,- Work in groups. Think of examptes of the types of story below from books, fitms or real [ife. crime stories /
mysteries
science fiction
/
fantasy
'humaninterest'stories
romantic ghost
stories
stories
anecdotes
adventure stories
biographies
Which types of story are usually fictional? Write F if they are usually fictional, T if they are true and B if they can be both. Compare your answers with other students. Which types of story in exercise 1a doldon't you usuatly [ike? Cive examples. I rlan't usually like fantasy stcries like Alice in Wonderland.
l-;= :::
Look at the article above. What kind of story is it? Read the article and answer the questions.
1 2 3
4 5
Where did Tamara and Adriana first meet? Why was their first meeting shocking? Who first realised that they were sisters and when? Say three things that the girls had in common when they met. What kind of relationship do they have now?
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Language focus 2 Reported speech EA
Tcnses in repcrted speech
1
Undertine the verbs in the direct speech sentences in exercise 2a. Then underline the verbs in the reported speech sentences that you wrote. How do the tenses change in reported speech?
2
Complete the tabte with examples from exercise 2 and
Work in pairs. Read the beginnings to the coincidence stories above. How do you think each story ends? Compare your ideas. 5$
tsrS"3
a tense,
Listen and check. Did you guess correctly?
i Reported speech
Work in pairs and discuss. . Which coincidence do you find strangest? . Which one is least strange?
i
i She said (that) she didn't
i wantto
&a Which of the people in the text do you think said the sentences below? Write their names.
i Present continuous:
1 We'llget married one day. Jung Xiu 2 I don't want to see you anymore. 3 I came in with the comet and I expect to go out with it. 4 I'm hiring another worker to help you. 5 l've just had a dream about you.
i Present perfect:
Remember the difference between say and tell. say somethin g: He said he loved her. te[[ someone something: He told me he loved her.
Look at audio script 6.3 on page 171 and find the corresponding sentences in reported speech. Write them next to the quotes above. I''le always said that we would
get married one day.
see rne anymare.
. .
R*p*rted q**sticns
3 Find three reported questions in audio script 6.3 on page 171. Which verb introduces them? Write the actuaI question for each reported question.
4
What
is
the difference in the word order of reported
and direct questions?
5
f
n what types
of questions do we use if and whether?
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a shipwreck and a shark attack.Which experience
do you think the phrases in the box betow relate to? Write SW (shipwreck) or SA (shark attack). the crew of a boat a rubber dinghy a ftare numb to hold on to let go a life bett to paddle a searchlight a surfboard
to
bite
to feel
Work in pairs. StudentA:Turn to Page 129 to read 'shipwrecked'. Then answer the questions about it. Student B:Turn to Page 131 to read Attacked by a shark'. Then answer the questions about it.
Reatling and speaking Look at the poster above. Can you think of any other disaster movies based on real events?
{*
Work in pairs.You are going to read about Josh Peltz's real-life experience of a plane crash. Before you read the text, look at the photo and answer the questions.
1
What do you think Josh thought about as the
2
What do you think he did when he was safe?
plane was going down?
Read the
text and compare it with your ideas
from exercise 2a. Read the
text again and put the events in the
correct order,
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f
An explosion happened not [ong after they had taken off. 1 g The olane crashed into the water. h A feny arrived to rescue the passengers. i Some of the passengers screamed. j The passengers went out onto the wing of
the otane. Work in pairs and discuss.
. . .
What technique did Josh use to survive the crash? What would do in a situation tike this? Read 'lt's a fact!'Are you surprised by the fact about ptane safety?
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Tlr 9:r:r Windpw hy Saki Preparation Listening and vocabulary
FLH. Munroe (Saki) 1870-1916: British writer who is considered a master of the short storv. His stories about Edwardian society were
You are going to listen to a'classic ghost story'. Look at the picture and information and answer
witty, mischievous and sometimes macabre.
the questions.
1
2 3
What kind of writing was Saki famous for? ln what century is the story set? Find the three main characters in the oicture: . Frampton Nuttel, a young man who is suffering from a nervous ittness. . Mrs Sappleton, a distant acquaintance of
.
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1
Frampton's sister. Vera, her 'l 5-year-old niece.
2 3
Why was Frampton staying in the countryside? Why was he visiting Mrs Sappleton? Who entertained him while he was waiting for
4
What terrib[e tragedy did Vera tett him about?
5 6
What did Mrs Sappleton be[ieve about the tragedy? What did she sav when she came into the room?
Mrs Sappleton?
Who can you see in the garden?
How did she describe it? Check the meaning of the key phrases below.
to find a body
a letter of introduction
a great tragedy
French windows
to go shooting to sink in a bog to chase someone
to go insane with grief a cure for bad nerves
snarling dogs
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b
Listen again and check.You can atso read the audio
script on page 172 as you [isten.
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View Read the newspaper extract below. Do you remember this story? Can you guess/remember what happened? Use the
What do you know about Chite? Try to complete the fact file by choosing the correct answers.
FACT FILE
numbers in the box to help you. 700,000-tonne block of rock below ground
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Population:
Around 17 / 27 million
Neighbours:
Aroentin: ' ''b*"'" and Peru
Capital:
/37
Rnlirri:
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Paraguay LaPaz / Santiago
/
Tierra del Fuego Life expectancy:
33 69
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700 metres 17 days
Miners trapped below ground In October 2010, one of the biggest giobal news stories of the year began in the San Jos6 Mine in Copiapo, Chile. The world looked on anxiously as rescue teams worked day and night to free the miners. ...
58 / 68 / 78 years
Biggest export:
lruit /copper / oil
Extraordinary fact:
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is the driest / windiest / hottest
b
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Work in pairs and discuss.
. .
Go online to check your answers or ask your teacher. Search: Chile fact fi[e expectancy
/
How do you think the miners survived for the first 17 days? What effect do you think the experience had on
the miners?
c
Chite tife
4
Watch the second part of the video and check your answers.
Watch the video again and tick the two correct sentences. Correct the other four sentences.
1 San Jos6 was a copper mine. 2 Angelique was feeding her daughter
at home when she
3 4
5
heard the news. The news made her fee[ physicatty itt. The first proof that the miners were safe was a note. Edison stopped communicating with the other miners.
6
Angelique wants Edison to show her more [ove.
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Work in groups and discuss.Which things do/don't you do?
. .
watch sateltite/cable TV listen to the radio
. .
listen to podcasts watch TV online
What are your favourite TV and radio programmes? Which types of show are they? Find them in the box betow. cookery programmes documentaries sports programmes travel news
reality
shows
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There are too many programmes [ike this. phone-ins There aren't enough programmes [ike this. We don't have programmes like this.
Work in groups and discuss. How would you like to change TV and/or radio in your country?
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.
What's the most amazing fi[m you've seen
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What's the most disappointing fi[m you've
.
recent[y?
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1
seen recentty?
What
is
your'fi[m of the decade'?
How much do you know about films? Do the film quiz above to find out.
:
Listen and check your answers. How many of the quiz questions did you answer correctly? What else did you learn?
Danie[was chosen to play Harry Potter when he was
2 3
4 5
6
7
8 9
1 1.
The author, JK Rowting, chose Daniel herself. This famous actor changed his name to Fong Si-Lung in the late nineties. However, he is better known as Jackie Chan' Jackie Chan has appeared in more than 100 films. More than 400 fiLms of Shakespeare's plays have
been made. Avatarwas directed by James Cameron. A sequel is being fitmed at the moment. A third fitm witt be made next vear.
Look at the first two sentences in exercise 1a again. In sentence 1, do we know who chose Daniet? And in sentence 2? aa,,,
.
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arl0#m0,,*,, A Beiiine woman is so furious with a local cinema that she ii suing them for wasting her time. Chen Xiaomei is suing the cinema's owners because she was not *urn.i about the 20 minutes of adverts and trailers s before the main feature. She is demanding a full refund (35 yuan), compensation for emotional damage and a written apology. ln addition, Xiaomei now says that length of advertisements should be published on its website. In total, they should be less than five to minutes, she believes.
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What types of entertainment can you see in the photos? Choose from the words in the box.
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What are the three most important things for each form of entertainment in exercise 1a? Choose from the box below then discuss your answers in groups.
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1
What was the show, fi[m, etc.?
2 Where and when did you see it? 3 Did you [ike or dislike it? 4 Which aspects of it did you [ike/distike? Listen again and tick the phases you hear in the Useful language box.
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1 ls the musicat successful? How do you know? 2 Woutd you [ike to see it? Why /Why not?
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The nightlife rn Be jing ts unbellevable. I usually meet up with my friends around mrdnight That's quite early in BPT (Beging Party Trme) First we hit the bars ln t1e Chaoyd ng)arr dist" cL. There's a club there called Bling where the DJ sits in a Bentley car in the middle of the dance floor. lt's outrageous! Around four rn the 1O morning we often head over to Ghost Street, where the restaurants are open all night. By the time I get home the sun ls coming up ln the past we rarely went clubbing. We would usually have a long dinner in a restaurant and then go to an all-night karaoke bar. But nowadays there's so much choice and the clubs are always full. In BPT' every night l5 is party nightl
Kemd&mg emd wscebu&mry Look at the activities in the box. Tick the things that you sometimes do on a night out with your friends. Cross out the things that you never do.
cinema party watch live music go clubbing stay out late
go to the go to a private
go out for a coffee have dinner in a restaurant go to a bar go driving around town
go dancing go to a karaoke bar go for a walk grab a snack
go home eartY
Work in groups and compare your answers. Discuss the questions using phrases from exercise 1a.
. . . .
What do you do on a typical Friday/Saturday night out? What would you do on your ideal night out? Which activities are most popu[ar with young people in your country? Which activities do older people prefer?
Look at the photos and read the photo captions and quotes, but dc not read the futt article. Answer the questions.
1
2
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1
Polite requests
1
'! ffi e.f Look at the pictures. Listen and find the person in the pictures who is making each request.
2u ffi
8.8 Listen to the six conversations. Does the other person sayyes orno to the request in each case? What reason does he/she give when he/she refuses?
b
lU
f|6.3 Listen to the first five requests again. Notice the polite intonation pattern. 1 Can
I have
the bitt, please?
2
Excuse me, can I get past, please?
3
Coutd you pass me the water, please?
4 5
ls
it alright if I sit here?
Do you mind
if | leave a bit early today?
2 Practise saying the requests.
Listen again and complete the questions and answers.
PRACTICE
1A: B:
have the bitt,
_
?
Certainly, sir.
2A:
,
Work in pairs. Rewrite the conversations to make them sound more polite.Then act them out.
can I get past, please?
B:
3A: B:
pass me the water, please?
Here you are.
4A: 5A:
_
sit here?
ahead.
a bit early today? B: l'm afraid I need you here at the moment. 6A: my bag while I go
to the toilet? nol
1
p/ease
to Nadia^?
A: I want to use your pen, B: Yes.
teave
B:
I
fr#a+lt_t€ speak
alright
B: Sure,
Can
.
A:
Pass me my coat. B: Here you are. A: Lend me €10 ti[[tomorrow. B: I haven't got any money. A: Bring me another coffee.
B: Yes.
A: Lend me your phone. B: The battery is f[at. A: lf you're going into town, give me a [ift. Look at the sentences in exercise 2b. Make a list of the phrases used to:
1
2
ask if you can do something. Can I ."" ask someone else to do something. Would you ntind "..
3 sayyes.
4
sav no.
B: Yes.
A: Te[[ me the way to the bus station. B: I don't know this area. A: Pick up my suit from the dry cleaner's. B: I won't be able to. l'[ have too much to carry.
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e
I
Work in pairs. Look at the pictures and talk about what'good manners'and'bad manners' mean for you. Add three ideas to each column of the table.
fl
)
it
i
Good manners say thank you when someone
helps you
Bad manners
talk on your mobi[e phone in the cinema
I I
rl l
Work as a ctass and compare your opinions' ls there any behaviour that you disagree about?
da Match the verbs in A with the expressions in to make phrases retated to social behaviour. A
B
1
a on both cheeks
to offer *--, z to share 3 to shake 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11
l-^ d^ nrrf vrl LV 5V VUL nh
b each other
=:- c
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B
to
Pay
paying e a date
d
f
the bitt
g home h an invitation i
to your house
j
someone uP
k hands
Find the phrases from exercise 2a in the quiz and
underline them.Were your answers correct?
MODERN Wkiie y*u ;t{"* &ilr, }r** ,?"!e*t afri*m* ln tk* str*et. L&hat ei*
c Work in pairs. Do the quiz, then explain your answers to each other. Compare your answers with the class. E {{gt 4*E
*.2 Listen to five excerpts from a conversation about the issues in the quiz. Answer the questions.
1 2
How old do you think Florence and Ruth are? What is their relationshio? Which questions from the quiz are they discussing in each excerpt?
ABC
y*t: &*7
a Shake hands. b Say hello.
d
other on one or both cheeks. Hugeach other. Kiss each
Ys:* ar* ?:as!v:g a r:l*e! wit*T
lr!*s:*r in a e"*sta*;"*-r-::
b#|rxl a-i* yr** e** rr':it?'i y*::r ffi**ii* g:****? a Put it on the table and answer any calls or text messages that you rece,ve. Switch it to vibrate, then check discreetly if you hav= any important messages which you need to answe.. Switch it off until you leave the restaurant. & fri*nei is:vites 1t*{., t*r hsr he:*s* fs:r t9't* ew**i;:g, tsg*th*r wlth six *tirer 6xests" i,tlh**t *h*eltrci y*l:
arri:r*? -aa
Listen again.Which answers does each speaker choose? lf they give more than one answer, in which situation is each answer true?
Work in pairs and discuss.
. . .
Which of Ftorence and Ruth's answers do you particu [a rty agree/d isagree with ? Are there differences in manners between generations in your country? lf so, give examples. Has the way that men and women treat each other in social situations changed in the last 30 years?
a At exactly the time you were invited, orlust before b Ten or I5 minutes after the time you were invited.
c No more than an hour after you were invlted. d At least an hour after you were invited. & sl"rr*k*r :* rri*i?!*g fri**#s';';h* *q:s-'l'i;r:r:k*"
}{i:ae sh**iei h* ei*?
a Ask politely for an ashtray. b
c
Ask if it's OK to smoke in the house. Ask if it's OK to smoke in the garden or on the Darcony.
d Wait until
ffiffiff
he leaves before he has a cigarette.
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Preparation =
l-istenfing
h ci8.6 Listen to seven peopte giving advice and information about sociaI behaviour.Which topic (B) is each person discussing? There may be more than one possible answer.
A 1
Aleksander, 39, from Potand
2 MeL24, from China 3 Lee Kuan,20, from Singapore 4 Simone,28, from the USA 5 Rosa,33, from Peru
5 Ramon,29, from Spain 7 Khatid, 24, from Bahrain B
a Tips for foreigners about customs and behaviour
in your country
I
b Advice about going out in your city/country c How to behave when you first start dating d How young people behave in your country e Etiquette for various types of communication (texting, sociaI networking, etc.)
n tr
e
Work in pairs. Can you remember what each person said about the topics? Listen again and check. Listen again and tick the phrases you hear in the Useful language box.
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Find out
first
View
€
1a
What do you know about video
2a Work in pairs and discuss.
games and gaming? Try to guess the missing information in the fact
.
file below
.
Do you play video games? lf so, which games and how often? Do you know anyone who is addicted to gaming?
OWatch the video about gaming addiction. Choose the The industry TotaI revenue:
best way to complete each sentence.
1
S
The gamer Average
aqe:
Femate gamers:
vears old
_o/o
Average number of hours Most poputar game ever:
playing:
per week
The games Current most poputar game: Most popular game ever:
2
3
4 Co online to check your answers or ask your teacher
Chris reacted violently when ...
a his mother tried to stop him using the internet. b his mother tried to make him go to schoot. c his mother took his copy of World ofWarcraft. In South Korea,... of boys are seriously addicted. b a sma[[ minority of boys are seriously addicted. c serious addiction to games is not a probtem. The Dresenter betieves that... a parents should stop their children ptaying games. b parents should encourage their children to play games.
a a majority
c
Search: video games statistics / average gamer / best-selling vider: garnes
The presenter is interested in ... a how to stop children ptaying video games. b why games are so popular. c the dangers of video games.
parents shouldn't ignore their children when they are ptaying games.
3a What do the numbers in the box refer to? Watch the video again and check your answers. five
ten
years hours
three billion two percent
20 hours a day 85 percent
Work in pairs and discuss.
.
What are the main problems experienced by Chris's
.
What would do in their situation?
parents and SangWook's parents?
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clothes shoes handbags and jewettery CDs DVDs books electronic gadgets food furniture and things for the house presents 1 I reatly hate shopping for ... 2 | [ove shopping for... 3 I never go shopping for ...
Work in pairs and discuss. lf you could go out and buy anything today, what would it be? Do you ever buy things you don't need? Read the introduction to the article and look at the photos and headings.What do you think the article is about?
3a Work in pairs. StudentA:
Read
text
1.
Student
B: Read
text
Z.
Make notes about these questions.
1
What do you learn about Louise/Andrew as peop[e? (e.g. age, job, income, where they [ive, personaI tife, etc.) 2 Do they have a lot of possessions? Explain what and why. 3 What reasons do Louise/Andrew give for their tifestyte choices? 4 Are there other people [ike Louise/Andrew, according to the article? What does it say about them? What reasons are given in the article for these trends?
b
4
Tetl your partner about what you read. Read the other text, then discuss the meaning of the words and
phrases below with your partner. 1 a reward (tine 09) 2 a purchase (tine 14) 3 to deserve (tine 20) 4 time-poor (tine 27)
5 a quick-fix solution (tine 29) 6 hometess (tine 36) 7 to seek (tine 46) 8 lack of choice (tine 47)
Work in groups. Choose at teast one question each to ask the group.
1
2 3
4 5 6
Woutd you like to have Louise orAndrew's lifestyle? Why /Why not? Who, if either, are you natura[[y more similar to? In what way? What do you think it woutd be [ike tiving with or being married to one of these people? Do you think Louise has a problem, or is her shopping just harmtess fun? Exptain your opinion. Do you think Andrew and Chris witt be ab[e to live the way they do permanentty? Why /Why not? Which physicat possessions do you think witt be reptaced with digital goods in the future? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this?
FIND OUT MORE 60 ontrine to find out more about shameless shopahotics and extreme minimatists like
Andrew Hyde and Chris Yurista"
09
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Language foeus
PRACTICE
X
Deflning relative clauses 3a
t
Work in pairs. Ctose your books and think of five things that are common today but which didn't exist, or were uncommon, 20 years ago.
a
boiler cooker
a
stationer's
a
Compare your ideas with the words in the box.Then match the words with the correct definitions. There are four
drink
internet addict password YouTube clip blogger home recycling bin app store Facebook wall wi{i hotspot
photocopier
a vacuum
cleaner
is a machine coDies of documents. A is a
person
_
personaltrainer
decorator bodyguard
a cleaner a plumber a freezer a dry cleaner's
1A
extra words.
energy
a
a a launderette a
touch screen phones, iPads...
X
Comptete the definitions belowwith a word from the box and the correct relative pronoun.
MAKCS
protects
important people from being attacked.
A
podcast
tattoo
A
sat-nav guyliner
is a olace
with washinp machines
vou can wash vour clothes. is a oerson iob is to mend
centraI heating, taps, etc. A is a clean ftoors and caroets.
_
machine
you use to
Match the other words in the box with the prompts below.Then write definitions for them usingwhich, that, who, whose or
TWENTYYEARS AGO THEYWEREN'T PART OF OUR LIVES! It's a virtual shop which sells applications for phones, etc.
where.
an app store
machlne / keep / food very co[d A freezer is a rnachine which keens faod
It's a machine that gives you directions when you are driving, It's a secret word which you use to access computers, bank
very cold"
accounts, etc.
It's make-up men put on their eyes.
1
machine
3
or office shop / they ctean your clothes for you
5 6
person / job is to paint houses shop / you buy office suppties machine / heat water for baths, etc.
/ cook / food
2 person / you pay / clean your house
It's a person who writes a kind of online diary for others to read. It's a public area where people can connect their phones and computers to the internet.
4
It's a professronal you hire to help you to improve your fitness. It's a person whose life is dominated by the internet. It's a section of your social networking profile where people can leave messages for you.
Look back at the definitions in exercises 1a and 1b.In which definition can you leave out the relative pronoun?
It's a drink which is designed to give you more energy.
Z Underline the relative pronouns in the definitions in exercise 2, Two don't have relative pronouns. t t
12
It's a drink which is designed ta Eive yau mare energy.
Comptete the rules.
1
... and
3
... is used ... is used
that are used to refer to peopte. 2 ... and that are used to refer to things.
4
to refer to locations and to reptace possessives.
Work in pairs. Student A: Close your book. Student B: Read five definitions from exercise 1. Can Student A remember the correct words? Swap roles and repeat.
What do you call a machine which keeps food very cold?
places.
to complete the rules. 1 The retative pronoun in definitions 4 andT can be left out because it's the subT'ect / object of the relative ctause. 2 In definition 10, the relative pronoun and the verb be can be left out because the sentence is active / passive. Choose the correct answers
Which other definition in exercise 2 can you write without the retative pronoun?
Work in groups. Make a vocabulary revision quiz for other students. Croup A: Look at the instructions on page 129. Group B: Look at the instructions on page 130.
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*
&
Listen again and complete the sentences with the quantifiers in the box. Some quantifiers can be used more than once. too
Work in groups. Read about Fadil, Abigail and Joe[. Then discuss the questions.
.
Have you ever been on a trip into the desert, trip or to a music festival? When and where? Think of four usefu[ things to take on each trip. Explain why.
Fadit 1 We tetl people to
a climbing
.
I
t
,0
bring
some a couple of
packs of
warm clothes.
insect repellent sleeping bag map and compass wet wipes torch with spare batteries swrmmrng gear warm clothes i
a
freezing cold at night, so you need to bring
useful for?
. . . . . . . . . .
of few
plenty
water with us. 2 We brins plastic bags. 3 lt's good to bring people forget that the desert is 4_
Can you guess which trip(s) the objects below are
Ntil
a lot of a bit of
wet wioes.
il N
many too much
enough several
Abigait
oacked
5
Thev haven't
6
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7
warm clothes insect
food.
repeltent and
these days rety on a handhetd CPS navigator. ... but they can break.
we[[ies sunscreen
-
-
Joel-people spare batteries. 8 You need a torch with food with them 9 Often oeoole brins and they atways regret it, because they spend
high-energy food (e.g. raisins, peanuts)
time carrying it around and, actually,
there
10
1
are
So reatly ...
ptaces
allyou need is
to buy food.
Which words are countable? Which are uncountabte?
water peopte food bag money
P* i* gl*.3 Listen to Fadil,Abigail
2
and Joe[.Write down you six things they say should take on each trip. ln the
b
Were your guesses in exercise 1b correct?
battery
Put the quantifiers from exercise 3 in the correct grouP.
1 Quantifiers used with countable nouns: a caupleaf used with uncountabte nouns'.toa rnuch used with both: a lat of
2 Quantifiers 3 Quantifiers
desert: wet wipes
Ctimbing: At a music festiva[:
money!
3
Are these pairs of sentences the same or different?
1 | took a [ot of food with me. I took too much food with me. 2 We had enough money with us. We had plenty of money with us.
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Wffiffik Talk about things you couldn't live without Preparation Reading 3
A newspaper recently asked some successful people
what things they couldn't [ive without. Read the texts and answer the questions.
1
What reason does each speaker give for his/her
2
Which choice do you find the strangest / the most
choice? sensibte?
da
Read the texts again and underline
the phrases that
express how strongly the writer feets. 6
Look at the Useful language box.Tick the phrases
you have underlined in the text.
Task Speaking 1a
Make a tist of five things that yqu couldn't live without. They can be objects, ideas, activities, foods or pets, but not peoPle. Broadcaster ond nov elist
b
You are going to tetl other students about the things on your tist. Decide what to say about each item. Think about the points betow and ask your teacher for any words/phrases you need.
. . . . . .
why it's so important in Your life which people or activities you associate it with the shape, what it's made of, etc.
what it feets/sounds/tastes what you use it for
[ike
any stories or memories connected to it
> Useful language a, b and c
e
Work in groups and take turns to talk about the things on your lists. Answer any questions that the other students have about them.
3a Which were the most common things chosen in your group? Compare your answers with the ctass. Which was the most unusuat thing chosen in your group? Te[t the ctass about it.
They say it can helP with colds and flu, but I think it can help with all sorts of problems. I use it for dealing with everything from insomnia to writer's block The poet Andrew Motion drinks it too - so I'm in good company.
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3a Match the sentences in A with the responses in
B.
A 1 Can I helo at a[[? 2 Do you have these in a size 10? 3 How did you get on with those? Did they
q,
fit? 4 Can I bring them back if they aren't right? 5 How would you like to pay? 6 l'm trying to place an order on your website, but l'm having some problems. 7 Have you got a product code? 8 Do I have to pay for delivery? 9 Could you confirm the first [ine of your
I
address? B
a By debit card, please.
b l'[[ have a look for you. c Yes. lt's 76b Alton Road. d Yes, that's fine. Just keep your receipt. e That's fine. I can take your order over the ohone.
t
No, l'm just looking, thanks. g Yes, it's'l L five nine three nine'. h No, you don't. Orders over f 25 are delivered free. Yes, they were OK.
@Watch and listen to the key phases to check. Practise saying the questions and answers in pairs.
4a Work in pairs.
Prepare a conversation about buying one of the things in the box. Use the phrases in exercise 3.
Speaking Buying things
phone machine a puppy
a mobile a
1a Work in pairs. Make a list of typical questions that sales assistants ask in shops. conversations.Were any of your questions from exercisel used?
b
O Watch the video of two
2
Watch again and complete the tabte.
i Conversationl ! Conversation2 t"""i";
Cost Delivery cost
i Other useful information
i
:
coffee
a pair of shoes a bottle of perfume a gold necklace
Act out your conversation for the class.
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# ffi We will be able to live to 1,000 years old Doctor Aubrey de Grey is a gerontologist at the SENS Foundation in California. He belier. that people will soon be able to live to 1,000. In fact, he thjnks that most people who are a today, and that includes you, will be able to reach that age. 'The human body is a machine that can be flxed. As medicine becomes better and bet-we will almost certainly be abie to beat ageing, just as we can beat many diseases today I think we are al'eady close to that poirt. As we ge' oldet. our cells oecome damaged th: natural processes. Along with scientists around the world, 1 am worktng on a detailed p1a' repair all types of damage to human cells. The project might be ready for humans in jusi 20 years. And then we will no longer die of old age. We will probably live to be 1,000 or:: in excellent health. In fact, I think the first person to live to 1,000 might be 60 already. Ar: think we're unlikely to get bored rf we live that long. People with a good education and t;: to use it never get bored.'
Readirng Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Think about films and TV programmes you have seen and books and artictes you have read.
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1
Making predictions
When you make predictions there are different ways of showing how sure you are.
1
of Ray Kurzweil's predictions for things that wi[1 happen by 2029.Which do you think witt happen? Read five more
Adverbs with
p uters defi nitety won' t. becorne sm arte than humans. Moda[s Machines rnay welt Laak Like humans soan. Change might nat came as fast as we think.
comDuter assistance. Tiny cameras implanted in our eyes wi[[ record everything we see. Most communication witt be between humans and machines, not between humans. d Poverty and disease wi[[ be atmost non-existent. e Robots wi[[ say they are alive and demand the same rights
b
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probabty
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Listen to five people giving their reaction to the =*.F predictions. Complete the table below.
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in
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r
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What would you do if you were Xrxwfrs$hte fmn ffi #my? According to news this week, scientists have made an important breakthrough in inventing a materialthat would make us invisible, An invisibility cloak like Harry Potter's won't be ready any time soon, but we asked people on the street ...
Language focus 2 Hypothetical possibilities with rf
PRACTICF ,E
t
work in pairs and discuss.What would you do if you were invisibte for a day?
c
Comptete the conversations with the correct form the verb in brackets.
1
(have) the opPortunitY,
A: lf you
Read
what six peopte said they would do if they
were invisible.Which answer is most simitar to yours? Which do you think is the most interesting?
-
2
=
Read the comrnents again.Are the speakers
describing reaI or imaginary situations?
1a
| one 3 -(you someone - you,
-
Which sentence below describes:
. .
someone l-
a reaI situation?
an imaginary situation? '1 l'd get a first class ticket to Cuba. 2 l'lt definitety go to Cuba one day.
4
b Which verb forms are used in each? Underline other examples of would + verb in the quotes in exercise 2. We often talk about hypothetical situations using f. Find two examples in the quotes.Which tense is used after if? Does this describe things that happened in the past? Cross out the sentence that is incorrect. 1 lf I were invisible, I would rob a bank. 2 I might rob a bank if I were invisible. 3 lf I would be invisible, I would rob a bank.
/
tisten) to what other PeoPle said about you behind your back? (be) too worried B: I don't think so. I about what I might hear, A: / ever steal) money, if no (can) find out? one (never / steal) money. Even if B: No, (feet) guitqu (know), I (do) something really A: lf (you / take) revenge? unkind to (try) to forget B: I don't think so. | it and focus on other things. (be) reatty A: Mmm. lf (do) someth to one of my family, horrible back to them. (be) suspicious of your A: lf you (you / ever / fottow) him? (be) a reatty stupic B: No, I think (you
that
thing to do. lf | - wrong, something about it.
5
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A:
/
(think) he was doing (ask) him
|
ever
/ travel) first
without a ticket? B: l'm a rea[ coward, so no, someone -(feet) so embarrassed. lf
l& €i
class
(not
|
(catch) me, |
-
-
1*.F Listen and check.Which sentences do you agree with? Which sentences don't you agree wi What would you do instead in those situations?
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Vocabulary Society and social issues
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Work in groups and discuss.
. . E*
Woutd you like to be the president or prime minister of your country.Why /Why not? Think of one thing that you would change if you were prime minister.
Write the words in the box in the correct category below. the wealthy corruption health care racism
unemptoyment homelessness defence
rax payers the opposition
1
Croups in
parties
crime education the poor the government ordinary people polIution transport poverty balancing the budget
society: the wealthy
2 SociatDroblems: crime 3 Covernmentresponsibilities:
b
3*
Balance the budget
Can you add more words
educatian
to each category?
Check the meaning of the words and phrases
in bold.Then complete the sentences for your country. Use words from the box in exercise 2a.
1
The government should increase taxes for
2
The government should reduce taxes for
3
The government's
4
The government shouldn't waste money on
5
The government should increase spending
6
The government should reduce spending
on
priority shoutd
be
_.
on
*
Preparation Lisrening
Work in pairs and compare your answers. Read about the Republic of Peakoilia and answer the questions.
Which of the things in exercise 2a do you
1 What are its six main oroblems? 2 Which problems do you think are the most
think are a problem in your country at the moment?Why? Ea
1*
serious?
Listen to four people from peakoilia and answer the questions about each person.
1
2
€:
=#.3
What do they think are the country's biggest problems? What solutions do they suggest? Why?
Listen again and tick the phrases you hear in the UsefuI language box.
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first
View O
What do you know about satellites? Try to complete the text below by choosing the correct answers.
1 What is Maggie Aderin-Pocock's job? 2 What food and drink is mentioned in the video?
3
Satellites The first man-made satellite to orbit Earth, Sputnik l, was launched in1957
3a
Earth
Match the verb(s) in A with the phrases in things that satellites do or help to do. 1
I 1977 bythe Soviet Union. There are now around 35 I 350i 3,500 working satellites orbiting the Earth. Those in'low Earth orbit'can be as close as}{0' I 2** I 1967
in'high orbit' are more than 400 / 4"*S0 /
How many satettites has Maggie used before 9 a.m.? B
to create
A
I
2,S&0 kilometres away, while those
W.t.tr the video and answer the questions.
keep
2 send and receive 3 orbit 4 deliver 5 take 6 harvest 7 Deam forecast
fr
I
from Earth. Nearer satellites travel much faster than further ones. For example, the Space Shuttle, when it was in orbit, travelled at around 3,G*S i 3S,0$S / 3S0,00S kilometres per hour. 40,0$CI kilometres
B
a a signaI
to the television
b the weather c an eye on us from space d data e the Earth
t
mitk g the wheat h photographs for military use
Go online to check your answers or ask your teacher
Search: how many functioning satellites in orbit I low Farth orbit I high Earth orbit / space shuttle speed
Watch the video again.Which phrases from exercise 3a does the presenter mention?
4
Which facts from the video do you find most interesting or surprising? Why?
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Work in groups. Think of at least one rule that you woutd find in these places.
motorways classrooms
airports websites
libraries
swimming pools
nightclubs
parks and open spaces
7 i2' "i";.i Listen to five peopte complaining about a rule they f ind annoying. Answer the questions.
1
2
Which place in exercise '1 is each person tatking about? Find the photos that the rules refer to.
Listen again.Why exactly do they find these rules annoying? Which rules (if any) do they agree with?
Work in groups and discuss.
. . .
Which speakers do you agree with? Which other rules and laws do you find annoying? Do you ever break rules? lf so, which rules and in which circumstances?
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Reading Work in groups and discuss.
. .
Are you a member of any ctubs or societies? Think of three different ctubs and societies. What rules do they have? Do you know of any exctusive clubs? Who do/ don't they accept as a member?
. 2
You are going Read the
Exclusive clubs
to read about three unusuaI societies'
first few lines of each text and then answer
the questions.
1 2 3
What kind of peopte are members? What is the main activity of each society?
Which society do you think these words and phrases relate to?
case to cause damage to vandalise to solve a crime an aristocrat a battle a murder
4
These are some of the world's most exclusive clubs. But even if you could join them, You might not want to!
to surrender a new recruit to smash
Work in pairs and have a reading race.As quickty as you can, find out from the text which club has the rules below. They have to be speciatty quatified professionals.
the Vidacq 5ociety
1 They have to have a lot of moneY. 2 They aren't allowed to leave before their
contract
has finished.
3 They have to change their names. 4 They have to pay for everything they break. 5 They can't contact friends or family for several 6 7
8 9
5a
months. They have to have a strong stomach. They have to wear an expensive uniform. They aren't allowed to give uP. They are allowed to change their nationatity.
at least two unusual things about each society. Compare your answers with the class. Read the article again and underline
Work as a ctass and discuss.
. . .
Which, if any, of these societies woutd you [ike to join? Why? Are afly of them controversial? WhY? Do you know of any societies with strange rules? What are they?
The Vidocq Society The Vidocq Society was set up in 1990 and its mottc is 'Cuisine and crime-solving'. To become a member of the society you have to be a crime specialist. Members meet every month ln a restaurant 1n Philadelphia to discuss a'co1d case': a murder that has never been solved. But flrst they have a large lunch. While they are eating, they hear details of the case and use their sh11s to try and solve it. The photographs that they see and the stories that they hear during the presentation of the murder case would stop most people from eating. However, the members of the society don't mind. They are professionals.
The sociefy is named after Eugdne Frangols Vidocq, the 18th-century criminal who became the world s first private detective. Only 82 people are allowed to be members of the club (Vidocq was 82 when he died) and new members have to be inviteC by a committee. Two new cases come in every wee. and members use their experience to think of new ways to solve each case. Their fitst success was tn 1991. A man cailed Huey Cox had been murdered Cox s family believed that the wrong person had been arrested and when the society looked at the case, they agreed. They helped the family and as a result the suspect was quickly set free. The societl' estimates that so far it has helped to solve around 300 murders.
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Cnminal justice in the lBth century was a harsh business was no community service and few criminals were even sent to prison! If you committed a crime and were arrested, for many crimes you could expect
- there
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these mugging. stealing
l
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il;
tn.y
iiit.v
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Jack Sheppard was born into a very poor family in 1.702. When he was six he started to work and at the age of l5 he became an apprentice carpenter Tn lhe spring : he stole two silver his first _ ol 1723, he '_ spoons from a shop. He v\asn t caught ard he soon burglary: he usually stole from the moved from '-to houses where he was workinq as a carpenter in February l724,buthe Sheppard'- first escaped within three hours and continued uuL each Lsurr ur 1724, I r 4T! but three Lr[sE more rrrurc times LrrrrsD in l rtr -_ .l.ruuJs). He' time he escaped. Tnen on 3lst October. Sheppard ua shop and stole a black srlk suir . He was arrested th.e next day for the final time. Two weel Useful language a
Es
b
Choose two suggested laws that you would tike to discuss, either from the website or from the list your class made.
Make notes for each [aw. Use the headings betow and ask your teacher for any words/phrases you need.
. . .
Your opinion (for or against): Reason(s):
Examptes or cases that support your opinion:
> l,Jseful language b
3
Work in groups.Tett the other students which laws you would like to discuss and give your opinion and reasons. Find out what they think.
A: I would make a law saying people who beat or hurt animals should receive the same treatment themselves. T;ffin, 4 hours ago
A: The long-term unemployed should have to do voluntary work to get unemployment benefit from the government. [/arrin, 5 hours ago
A: I think speed limits on motorways should be abolished.
2cool4school, 5 hours ago
A: lwould make itthe lawthat if you go and live ir a foreign country it should be compulsory to learn the language of that country. Beverley, 6 hours ago
A: I think adverts should only be allowed to give information which is true. 1 0den, B hours ago
A: Drivers should have a trial driving licence for a couple of years before they are allowed to have a full licence. They should only get a full licence if tf^.ro have shown that they are safe on the road. Hyi: l0 h?yl'"g-9 A: People who do dangerous sports shouldn't har: the right to free medical care if they hurt themseli:,i Raymond, 1 day ago
A: I think that hunting and harming animals for sp::
4
Work as a class.Te[[ the class which laws your group discussed and what your opinions were. Find out what the rest of the class think.
> Useful language c
should be banned. Hui, 2 days ago
A: I would change the law so that young people the right to vote at 16. birdsong, 3 days ago
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Write the phrases from exercise 2b in the correct category below.
Exprgssing and responding to opinions
1
Read
the newspaper article.What do you think
is an
appropriate punishment for the boy?
' :i
Mark Forest from West Kirby has been sentenced to 25 hours' eommunity service for robbing a local newsagent. Mark, who is '16, walked into the shop on Broad Street and stole t75 from the till. He also threatened the shop owner, Mr Keith Perry.
2a
ii Expressinganopinion ::ll-'::::q:: :1"::::": i: Respondingtoanopinion T::f-"-::::g :: -1:l-"-l::::-:l: i That may be so, but ... i Terrible, isn't it?
i
and listen to the key phases. Notice how the speaker uses intonation to remain polite, even when disagreeing.
4a
W"t.h the video of two conversations about the crime.What's the relationship between the peopte in each conversation? What does each person think about the crime?
4
Mititary service should be compulsory. The main aim of orison should be to re-educate criminals, not punish them.
That may be so, but..,
c
I
e
What do you mean? Reatty? Why do you say that? I don't know about that.
b In my opinion ... don't know about you, but I don't think
Conversation 2
a b
5
1
a
f
Work in pairs. StudentA: Use a phrase from the table in exercise 3 to express an opinion about the statements below. Student B: Respond to Student As opinion with a phrase from the tabte.Try to give a reason for the opinion you express.
1 lt's acceptabte to send chi[dren to prison. 2 Avoiding tax is not a crime. 3 Att forms of hunting should be banned.
Read the extracts below.Then watch again and number the phrases in the order you hear them.
d
to be honest, I don't really agree.
@W"t.tt
O
Conversation
But
You have to remember that ... Terrible, isn't it? c But to be honest, I don't realty agree. d I take your point.
don't knr:w about you, but I think that it's OK to send children to prison sometimes.
I ...
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Discuss dilemmas Preparation
Reading
What did they la Read the introduction to the probtem page. Do you ever read problem pages? How is this one different?
msxt?
Every month we feature readers' letters on our problem page and try to give out good advicel But what do readers actually do? This month, we have tracked down three readers whose problems were featured two years ago. Read their original prololems, then read
Work in pairs. Read the titte of each problem and guess what each problem is about. Read
dCI
the problems and check your answers. Do not
look at page 131 yet.
what they decided to do on page
"13'1 ,
2a Work in groups of three. Each student reads one of the problems again to find the answers to the!uestions. 1 Which people are mentioned in each case? 2 What exactly has each person done? 3 What exactly was the situation at the time that the letter was written and whv was the writer worried?
f-l'n23
I
and recently lcelebrated three
years together with my girlfriend Vaness:
(she's 22). I asked her parents if I coulc 0r000se to her
Close your books and summarise the probtem to the
-
I'm a bit old-fashionec
I guess. Her parents
other students.
were really pleasec
and suppofted me. But when I asked he"
t0 marry me, sne was angry necause
Task Speaking
at the moment', This really upset me.
3
. . . . . . . .
b
immediately. When I told Vanessa and asked her to move to the new town
v/r:
What did they do right/wrong? What other options did they have? What would you have done in their position?
wants t0 stay together, but she doesn:
Larry
want to move and she still says that s-= doesn't want to get married yet. She s
Vanessa
the love of my life, but l'm really confusm
me, she was really angry. She said tha-
should have asked her first She says sfir
about what to do. Some of my friends
Vanessa's Darents Oscar His oarents
say I should split up with her and take the job, but what if I never meet anotr." person like her? Larry
Astrid Astrid's husband The mother-in-law
> Useful language a, b and c
2a
L-l
we didn't talk about it any more. A month ago I was offered a great n?llr job in a town 300 miles away. I said ye:
Make notes about the people listed below thinking about questions 1-3. Ask your teacher for any words/phrases you need.
1 2
I
had talked to her parents and said'not
Work in groups and compare your answers to the questions in exercise 1.Try to reach an agreement as a group about what you woutd have done. Present your ideas to the class. Do other groups agree with you?
3
Read what each person actuatly did on page 131 and answer the questions.
1
What did they decide? Was it what you expected?
5
Which was the most difficult problem?
2 How do they feel about the situation now? 3 Do you think they made the right decision? 4 What do you think they should do now?
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first
Find out
View
Look at the photos of London and New Zealand and answer the questions.
1
What do you think are the
2
advantages/disadvantages of Iivi ng in each olace? In what ways do you think life is
similar/different?
2a
knowledge?
>lKi
i :.
i
: Scenery/ i landscape
! i
:
:
;
b Go online to complete the table or ask your teacher. Search: New Zealand facts
a big
puII
to emigrate
colloquiaI phrase used by British people to refer to Australia and New Zealand things you do outside (e.g. watking, ctimbing, camping) very attractive to move permanent[y to another country
about these things? Make notes. 1 lmogen and Charlie's life in the UK 2 the lifestyle in New Zealand 3 their family situations 4 job prospects in New Zealand
Watch again and complete your notes.Which things attract lmogen and Charlie to New Zealand? Which things do not attract them?
i
i Climate
Glossary down under
OWatctr the first part of the video.What do you find out
uK
'- 'o--o- \-, :: ranguage(sJ
You are going to watch a video about lmogen and Charlie, a British couple who are thinking of moving to New Zeatand. Before you watch, check you understand the meaning of the words and phrases in the gtossary.
outdoor pursuits
Discuss in pairs.What do you know about New Zealand? How much of the information in the table can you complete from your general
i:':Offciat
3a
/
UK geographical
4a At the end of the video, the couple vote where they want to [ive. How do you think they witt each vote? Watch the second part of the video and check you answer.
Work in groups and discuss.
. . .
Were you surprised at the decision each of them made? Why do you think they made that decision? What wou[d vou have decided in their situation?
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2 Which word isn't preceded ch ldren divo.ced engaged
3
by get? (2 poinrs)
Match the verbs with the noun/adyective they were used with on page 40. (7 points)
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c
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f
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g
house
4 Complete
I
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ii
_
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_
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SH
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4H
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the instructions on the cards below and invent a telephone or face-to-face conversation for the Read
situations. Act out your conversations.
Student A You are going to invite Student B to see a show with you. Decide the detaits before you start. Choose the type of show: a rock concert / a film / a ballet i a ptay / a musical. Decide how to invite him/her: by phone / in person. Choose three or four dates when you are available.
there pen
r::: Wlrat is the population of
th:
i
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: :
i Paris Chartes i de Cau[[e i Airport:
l"{ow busy is the rnain
airpont?
Dubtin
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Airport: 1B mi[lion
Heathrow Airport:
: b I mrtuon
bv mrt[on
4, pmge f,#
NB You are very persistent and make a lot of alternative suggestions if B says that he/she can't come.
Student
B
Student A is going to invite you to see a show. Decide the detaits before you speak.
1
Circte the shows you want to see and cross out the ones you don't:a rock concert / a film / a ballet /
2
Think of some excuses in case you don't want to go (you are revising for an exam / your cousin needs you to babysit, etc.).
Uralt 10:Voeabulary ffimmrmcse 4m,
pmg* #f,
aptay/amusical.
Student A
don't really have the same taste in shows aren't too keen on going, but you don't want to offend A. NB You
as A and
bittion
l:p:1'I:Average nurnber
5..7
mittion
Swap roles and repeat the activity. Act out your conversations for the class.
of vlsitors {per
v:::l -25.C / 33.C
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Kilormetres of
Unit 5: Lamguage [ive, Speakimg
road
i
pmg*
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Student A
other
3,860,800 km
Ayr::t:
You are catling Travel Direct to find out about some airline tickets you ordered.You want to speak to
Sandi E[[iott.
i Kilometresof i i csasttine i
14,500km
(Student
1
B answers the phone.) Ask to soeak to Sandi E[[iott. Cive your name. Exolain what the ca[[ is about. Ask if she can ca[[ you back.
2 3 4 5 Cive your phone number: 07881 6 Say goodbye.
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Student
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Student
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You work at Travel Direct answering the telephones. Sandi E[[iott, your boss, is in a meeting at the moment.
United Arab Emirates
(Student A catts you.) Answer the ohone.
'l
2 3
Ask who is ca[[ing. Ask what the ca[[ is about. 4 Explain that Sandi is in a meeting.Ask if you can take a message. 5 Ask for the ca[[er's number. 6 Say you witt tell Sandi. End the conversation potitety.
Poputation
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42% Arab 8% other
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How do you respond when things go wrong? Mostly a: you are CONFIDENT rra rnnfidani,. -, rnrl- n -prmrsrc. vvnen rnrngs go wrong, you try to resolve the problem. You look to the future, not the past, but you sometimes find it difficult Vnr r
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at all emotional. Sometimes Vou want to feel more oassionate.
Mostly c: you are FEARFUL You are a bir of a worrier You think about the future a lot and you worry about what might go wrong. You rend to panic when things go wrong. You so'nelirles wish that you were more adventurous.
Mostly d: you are EMOTIONAL When things go wrong, you sometimes blow your ton Vnr . dnn'f helipvp lhar rrnr t arF F\lpr \^/rarno rtr make mistakes. You tend to blame other people for rs have with oroblems. You son ettmc_ ..*. _ _biso arsumenrs _. oyour fr,ends.
lt 1
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3
SHORT QUE5TIONS AND QUESTION TAGS
A: My
Questions and short answers
brether's gone
fo
live in Austratia.
S: fCas&el Yau wer* ai home last night,
were*'t yau?
1 Auxiliary verbs We use be, have and do to form tenses, questions and negative forms, and we use them in short answers, question tags, etc.
tr?*ffiqrl
In a[[ these cases they are called auxiliary verbs.
. . .
1 Choose the correct auxiliary verb.
We use be (+ verb + -ing) to form continuous tenses. Present continuous: l4e'sstudylngto become a doctar. Past continuous: I was fa{fci*g ta tharles tlte *ther day" We use have (+ past participle) to form perfect tenses. Present perfect: Vle've bee* here for three montlts. Past perfect: The film had started wltefi we gotthere.
1 Where are / do your parents come from? 2 Johnny is / has got'16 cousins!
3 | reatty enjoyed the concert, but the others we ren't I didn't. 4 A: Have you got any money with you? B:
5
We use do in simple tenses (in the question and negative forms). Present simp[e: Do aLl yaur family {ive raund hereT Past simple:
i didtt't getyour
.
In conthuous and perfect tenses, questions are formed by
.
inverting the subject and auxitiary verb. ts he studying to became a d*ctor7 i-iav's long kave yawr brather and sister llved hereT In simple tenses, we adddo/does ordid(see above).
Wfuere...?
.
Whit?2...V
why "..?
l#h*se.""i Vli:et s*rt *{.."?
Haw...? ttlhattint* "".?
How*fter.."?
How aid ...?
Where exact!" . .?
Why exactly .."7
iRuxiliary i i"oi".i
t*-., i *::11 i ::'b_ i What i i time ..
"" -.':"
What kind of music
i
i
i
il*J, ! "t.: :
i your friends i arriving?
are
i where i ao
!
3
were your parents born, in China or in America?
your new car going? do vou have lunch normallv? you studying at university? do you want: red or blue?
_
books do you like?
bag is this?
_
do you go to the gym?
Put the words in the correct order
to make questions.
1 the rest of your famity / speak / do / Engtish ? 2 your aunt and uncle / children I have / many / how / do ? 3 your brother / which / go I gym I to / does ?
4 go / what / out / you and your friends / do / time ? 5 born / were I where / your brothers and sisters? 6 apptying / you / which / Lo / are / university ?
Notice the word order after most Wh- ouestions.
:
:
7_ 8_
What ca!*ur ...?
!-iowmush...? What exactly .."?
How is /does your course going?
4 What _ 5_ _ 6_ _
Vllzat kind af ...V
How many ...?
7
3
What...? Wito...?
W:ish baak/ seha*tfw* man, etc. ...7
6
1_ 2 _'s
We form many questions with wh- words and phrases. V'lhert ...V
don't / haven't.
2 Complete the questions with suitable words.
3 Mr- questions
.
I
isn't / doesn't.
email.
2 Auxiliary verbs in questions
No,
Where were I did you born? My boyfriend tikes my new hairstyle, but my mother
:
i :
Present simple and Present continuous
.!.....i
"'
other i tive? students in i your class i .'..',.'''''.-'..'.'.'''''. "..'.''..''...'.i your boyfriend i listen to? the
does
1 Present simple i :
:i- "1"
i
i*
::
l/You/We/They work. He/She/lt
work.
i
:
l{I_::1*-:1't"v
don't (= do not) work.
4 Auxiliaries used on their own
He/She/lt doesn't (= does not) work.
SHORTANSWERS
Do l/you/we/they work?
.
.
These can make the speaker sound more polite/interested.
&:
#av* yo:.t b**t: lsere
8:
Y*s, iFeave,
**f*re7
We also use auxiliaries to avoid repeating long sentences.
A: **es y*::r family
*:
liu'*
i*
Farls?
l4y f*ther 6aes, isut mv ;x*tit*r doe:n't.
;;;;;./ilil;;
We use the Present simple for: . repeated actions or habits. We ga aut *ver-v Saturday night. . something we see as permanent. t41,: sister warks in a bas:k. . describing a state that doesn't change. ! l**kiike my m*tn*r
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2 Complete the PEOPI-E AROUhID YOU -- oLvud,',rd, ^--,,^i^+---^ ,LE o'
grandParents
a best friend
a half-brother
a boss
a mother-in-[aw
a ctassmate
a neighbour
a co[[eague
a niece
a coustn
an old school friend
an emPloyee
an older sister
an ex-girlfriend
a relative
'
a
sentences
with
a suitable verb in
the correct
form.
flatmate
1 2 3 4 5
_
6 7
a stepmother
a grandchild
out with your friends? Where do you _ to the gym? You look fit. Have you been _ | spend two hours a day _ to and from work. paperwork. | spent last night _ on her make-up and How long does it take her to
a stranger
B 9 10 11
EVERYDAY ACTIVITIFS
chatting to friends and colleagues commuting doing nothing
going to the gym
doing paperwork
ptaying video games
doing the ironing
putting on make-up
hanging out with friends looking after chitdren
doing your hair
relaxing
going on social networking sites
texting tidying up
going shopping
her hair?
after your children - when you go out? nothing at Sometimes I tike to stay at home and the weekend. Coutd you please up your room? - lt's a real mess. the ironing. Come round, l'm really bored * l'm video games. My children spend- too much time this l've had such a busy week, ljust want - to
Who
_
-
weekend.
12
Our boss has told us to stop networking sites at work.
_
-
on social
OTFIER
to appty for a course to be home for the holidays a digital native to exercise intensively
to multitask
grumPy
to spend time + -rng to train to be a doctor to waste time + -ing
productive
to put[ a face
1 Which statement best describes you? (Be honest!)
a social worker
I'm really into ... an internet addict
I qcAenei
a b c
a
Ask your teacher questions in Engtish rather than
b
Try
in your own language.
10 '1
to understand the teacher's explanations in
Engtish rather than asking for transtations.
She's my girlfriend from the past.We're not together now.
c
She's my father's new wife.
d
that I know.
e f
She's my sister's daughter. He's my husband's father.
Speak as much as you can during pair and group work. Answer as many questions as you can, even if you are not sure of the answer. Use a monolingual dictionary. Explain things to your partner or group in Engtish.
She's my manager.
He's
mylrcnd Llherc dlalrryilh.
He's someone who works in the company
I own.
She's my aunt's daughter. He's someone who lives in the house next
3 Why are the tips in exercise 2 useful? Choose two which you don't normatly do. Copy them onto a piece of paPer and stick it on the cover of your book so that you read it every lesson!
to mine.
1 She's someone in my Engtish class.
12
He's someone in my family.
4
n
remember. tr tatkingl n
a word or phrase
She's my big sister.
He's not someone
me.
2 Which of these things do/don't you normalty do?
1 Replace the underlined phrases with that has the same meaning.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
I try to use English in class alt the time, even when it's very difficutt for I try to use English in class when I l'm a bit tazy and let other peopte do the
On page 7,you learnt eight useful classroom questions. How many can you remember? Test yourself, then check your answers in audio script 1.3 on page 168.
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4
Match the sentence halves.Then write out the sentences, putting the verb in brackets in the correct past form.
ffi_rynnencq"*
A
1 Cross out the forms that are not possible or not correct.
1 My sister (break) her teg white ... 2 I (meet) my best friend when ... 3 The sun (shine) when ... 4 lt (rain) this morning so ... 5 The police (stop) him because...
1
I
2
3
B
a b
my husband (give) me a lift to work. he (drive) too fast. | (wake up) this morning. we (both work) in a sandwich bar.
c
d e
believed / used to believe / would believe in ghosts when was young. Did you would / Did you use to I Did you get into trouble a tot when you were a chitd? |
4
Our parents usetoencourage / encouraged I would encourage us to try new sports and activities.
difficutt chitd. She didn'twoulddo I didn'tuseto
She was a
do I didn'tdo what she was told.
5
Wouldyou / Didyou / Didyou useto like eating sweets when you were a chitd?
she (ski).
2
Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
any more stitt use Contrasting past and present
_
We
to have such
used a
lot of fun when we went out
together.
1 usedto andwould
::"""' : i tlyou/Ue/She/ltlWe/They used to work. i i l/You/He/She/ltlWe/They would work.
_
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I
_
3
i
any_.
:
There are
:l
_
some beautiful otd buitdings in the
town centre.
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wouldn't
work.
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I
Put the words in the correct order
1 time/spend / l/
to make sentences.
used / playingvideogames/a lotof
2
anyexercise/to/never I asal do /Ati/used/chitd
3
to / use
4
any
5
didn't
6
on
7
used
8
l/frightenedofspiders
/to
We use usedfo and would for habits in the past.
w*utd g* t* ths ayrfi e';*ry day" sister essed ta lzave r*aliy !t:*g hair. There is no equivalent form of used to or would in the present. i
I
did
/
in art
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Phil
/ be?
lviy
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I it / to I quiet here / but I
itl
be/ isn't/ longer/
used
f
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NOT J r.,:ovld ilv* in fiubai.
We can always use the Past simple instead of used to or would. i wer?t rc the gym everv dav s's:e' ftad
rea
j4' jo rg trarr.
2 not ... any longer I not ... anymore These phrases mean that an action or state was true in the past,
but is not true now.
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i
use 4
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use
/
use
/ to /
enough time
/
|
/where / you I to / go / holiday I didT
any
/tola beard/he/but/he/have/doesn't/more
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4 Big and small differences lf there is a large difference between two objects, we can use much and a lot.
Comparative and superlative adjectives 1 One-syllable adjectives and two-syllable adjectives enorng In -y
i
Russia is
much For sma[[ differences, we can use a
little (bit) or slightly.
5 Common phrases with superlatives
.
2 Other two-syllable adjectives and tonger adjectives
, . .
byfarthemost Brazil is
| -est in South Amerka.
oneof the most ... | -est Eaghdad is ane af the aldest cities in the warld. the secondlthird most ...
/
-est
Birmingham is the secand biggest rity in Englanri.
the least The caach is
the leasf expensive way ta get ta the airport.
REMEMBER!
3 lrregular forms
These superlative phrases are often followed by in
i worse
i the worst
:
gooa i far
i b"tt", i further
i the best
i
I
the
furthest
+ place.
Buenas Aires is the bigEest eity in Argentina.
i bad !
...
byfarthe larg*stcauntry
i
l"tg.4gncf { 1 Rewrite the sentences so that they have the opposite meaning. Use the adjectives in brackets.
REMEMBER! . With short vowels we double the final consonant. thin + thinner + the thinnest
. .
It's the most potluted place I know. (clean) It's the cleanest place ! knaw.
1 The bus stop is nearer than the station. (far) 2 lt's the cleanest part of the city.'(dirty) 3 The traffic's better than I expected. (bad) 4 lt's the most interesting museum I know (boring) 5 Trains are more expensive than buses here. (cheap) 6 He parked in the nearest car park from here. (far) 7 lt's the most enormous beach l've ever seen. (tiny) 8 lt's the best restaurant I know. (bad) 9 lt's colder in the south of the country. (hot)
lf the adjective ends in -e, we only add -r or -st. fine + finer --> the finest -y changes to -ier and -rest. busier the busiest
busy
-
+
'10
2
The north of the island is prettier than the south. (ugty)
Rewrite the incorrect sentences to make them correct. China is stightty bigger than the UK. China is a lat bigger than the tLK.
1 New Zealand is stightty sma[[er than Austra[ia. 2 London is much further north than Paris. 3 Cairo is stightty hotter than Moscow 4 France is a bit larger than Spain. 5 Hong Kong is stightty more populated than Canada. 6 Chile is much narrower than Argentina. 7 Brazil is stightty [arger than the USA.
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3 FEATURESAND SIGHTS
Match the sentence hatves. A
ancient ruins
an istand
a bay
a taKe
a (sandy) beach
a marKel
a bridge
a (historic) monumenl
a canal
a mosque
a cathedrat
a museum
a ctiff
a palace
docks
a shopping mall
B
a sKyscraper
a
crowded at weekends.
L u
-^^-+^-,,1-)PgLLOLULOI.
a
factory
farmland
a temple
a festivaI
a view
a (rain)forest
a viltage
a harbour
a
1 2 3 4 5 6
waterfall
ADJECTTVES FOR. DESCRIBING PLACES
tively
co[ourfuI
mocern
cosmopotitan
o[d-fashioned
crowded
peacefuI
dangerous
polluted
dirty
Poor
expensive
romantic
friend[y
smart
historic
-^^-+^-,.1--
Some of the views are The city has a very The market gets The locat people are There are some very modern
c skyscrapers in the centre. d area just outside the citY. e livety atmosphere. f usuatty friendty.
a hitt
arry
There's an industriaI
4
Cover the word list and choose the correct answers'
1 2
The otd town is worth see I seeing I The ruins arein I on
to
see.
/atthe north ofthe country.
3 Paris is in I on / af the River Seine. 4 Dubai is famous about / of lfor its shops'
industrial
:ou'l"t OTHER
it's famous for (its beaches/shops, etc.) it's in the north / it's on the coast
The tasks in Cutting Edge are designed
speaking, but it is imPortant to work actively in these lessons. Tick the tips that you already foltow.
I PRACTICE 1 Choose the odd one out in each group.
1 bridge 2 cathedral 3 bay 4 apartment
lake canal mosque Palace beach ctiff
waterfall temPle docks
block ancient ruins shopping mal[
skyscraper Cover the word
list.Write the adjective form of these
nouns to describe a place, romance
1 colour 2 peace 3 tourist 4aft 5 history 6 crowd 7 pollution B industry
to improve your
it's worth (seeing/ visiting, etc.)
Before doing the task, spend a few minutes thinking about what you are going to say and how you're going to say it. You can make some short notes to hetp you, but don't write out every word! lf you can, use language you already know, but if you really need any new words, ask your teacher' Look at the Useful language box and see if there are
any phrases that you coutd use. (You do not need to use all or most of these phrases, though - they are just there to use if you need them.) Before you start, Practise'saying
t f
f
it in your head'
or whispering it to yourself so that you feel more confident. Concentrate on expressing what you want to say and don't worry about making mistakes! Everyone makes mistakes when they are learning a language
-
n
it's how you learn.
to and be supportive of other students. Remember, they may feel nervous about speaking Listen
in English, too!
Hightight the tips that you think witt most help to improve your speaking. Compare your answers with other students.
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3 Complete the texts with the correct present perfect or Past simple form of the verb in brackets.
1
REMEMBER!
.
McCartney
In 1965, Pau[ (write) the most popular song of all time,'Yesterday'. Since then, there (be) over 2,500 cover versions.
_
2 3
_
(die) in 1977, Elvis prestey (have) 31 hit singtes. During his lifetime, he Since he
_
(produce) over 60 hits, including l8 number ones. (have) one of the longest careers in Jack Nichotson Hotlywood - he (work) in the fitm industry for more than 50 years. Over his career, he (receive) more award nominations than any other actor, and he (win) three Oscars. He (win) Best Actor Award in 1975 and 1997 and he (receive) the Best Supporting ActorAward in 1983.
--
_ _
_
_
_ _
4
.
Which movie
lt
is
_
difficult to
since it
_
(be) the most successfut of att time? say.Avatar the most money
_(make)
(appear) in 2009, but it onty
three Oscars. Titanic,
which
(win) 11 Oscars, and it
_
(win)
(come) out in 1997, (make) nearty
_
S2 bittfon since its release.
lf we say how often the action happened, we always use the Present perfect simpte, because the focus is on the resutt.
l'vewritten ten / lats af emails taday. NOT /'ye been writing ten emails. Like other continuous forms, we do not use the present oerfect continuous with'state' verbs. l've known Anne frsr years.
NOT /'ve been k nawing Anne
2
. . .
for years.
and how long?
for,since
We use /or with periods of time. I've been learning to drive for three manths" We use since with points in time. I've lived in this hause since 2AAT I I was born. Sentences with
How lang
have
for and since answer the question How long? yau been learning ta drive?
t"qnlsiici"e 1 Write the phrases in the correct column, five
Present perfect continuous
last
* j
He/She/lt's been (= has been) working.
i,,i'ii;i;;;ili1i"i{
minutes
2009
I
was
ages 6 o'clock months 30 years ten seconds three weeks ages and
born
summer
for
ti=*.,
five minutes
l/You/We/They haven't been (= have not been) working.
2 Choose the best answers. Can you explain your decisions? l'vefinished / beenfinishing myessay and l'veemailed emailing it to my teacher.
/
been
2 My cousin has stayed
?i
Has he/she/it been
working?
i
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l
4
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Uses of the Present perfect continuous The Present perfect continuous is [ike the present perfect simpte in a[[ the ways mentioned in section 1 on page '141. However, we use the Present perfect continuous if:
.
.
we want to emphasise that the action is [ong or repeated. She's been trying to pass her driving test for years. (Notice that we often use /or a nd since with the present perfect continuous.) the action is in progress / not comptete. l've been doing my homework. (= perhaps
.
it
is not finished)
l'vedone ny hamework. (= it is finished) we are more interested in the activity than the result. l'm really hot * I've been running. (the activity that made me hot) I've just run ten kilometres. (that's what I have achieved)
5
I been staying with us for a few weeks. l'm exhausted. I'veworked / beenworking realty hard since 6 o'clock this morning. l'm really pleased with myself - I've written I been writing ten
pages of that report today. Why don't we stop and have a coffee? you've driven driving for ages.
6 A:
I
been
I tike your dress! B: Oh, thanks, l've had I been having it for ages. 7 \Ne've gone I been going to the same hotet for the tast five years - we love it! 8 The children have made / been making loads of biscuits. Woutd you [ike to take some home with you?
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'lleq oql leaq / aseq) I e^elqte tr,usoop oq tnq ralleqtool 1euo1ssa1o.rd e s,aH :g no{ op {q41 :y y 2{ze1 s,eq 1u1q1
preile
Ueq
.sra/V\sue
llq ol
L
lsaq aql asooq) €
i
0"1'"I]
t^..^-... :
;
luaP$uo)-rles
PaurullelaP
luaPuuor-,las ssalqlnl
lerltsrloBe
Palualet
PatelrPaP
:
Pate]|PoP
snoaBe;nor
eArssesqo
rlear)
leurBr.ro
an
3u tuureq:
Suurdsur
Paulu.rol0P
slH.nvno-lvNosurd
snoa8e;nor
Surureq: [.,n6N
otr
arler
o1
looqts a^eel/uels
rronno ri nr ,(1rs:arrrun o1 oB o1
asnoq e ,{nq ro Luer ol qof .rnor( 1nb o1
"*:::fot
:
suexa;no{
l)ecsol
paq,tretu 1aF o1
peBeBua 1aB o1
ol
qof e 1aE o1
ol
e^ol ur llej
qof a8ueq: o1
auioq a^eal 01 uerPlrq) e^eq o1
unsN
;
ol ol
palonrp la8 uorloruord e la8
1rel7ssed o1
asnoq a^oLu
{auour 1o 1ol p aleLu o} qo[ rno,{ asol o1
enllrafpy
ua.rplrq: rno,( dn Suuq o1
EJ€N
llll
stNrn3
'selqet aql elelduror o1 ,(reuorlrrp e asn z
REMEMBER! We can use shal/ with / and we.We normal[y use this in the question
Future forms for plans and intentions 1 going
form to make offers or suggeStions.
to
Compare the fo[owing pairs of sentences.
Wi{l I meetyau atthe statianT (= asking about a future fact) Shall I meet yau at the stationl (= an offer)
i * , t'.lyou're/He's/She's/lt's/We're/They're
help. i _ i not/You aren't/He isn't/She isn't/lt isn't/We aren't/ ''- aren't going to hetp. i - i fney i , j Ar l/Are you/ls he/ls she/ls itlAre we/Are they going going to
Wiltrwe have dinner atthe hatel? (= 6t1;nt about a future fact) i
i
4 Other ways to talk about the future :
:
We use goingtoto talk about present intentions about the future. This can be the near future or the more distant future. l'm gai*g to have a bath in a few minutes" (= the near future) Luey says she's gaing t* be a ba{let dancer one day. (= the distant future) e
.
VERBS
. hope: We're haping ta buy a f lat Iater this year. . plan: t'm planning ta seil my scocter. . think:We'rethinking af having a party soan. PHRASES
.
.
2 Present continuous
.
Shallwe have dinner atthe hatell (= a suggest'on)
i
We use the Present continuous to talk about things we have already arranged for the future. l'm meeting Tany this weekend" (= l've arranged this) What are you daing tanight? (= asking about your plans) In some cases, it doesn't matter whether we use the Present continuous or going to.
due fo: We use due to for something The
l'm gaing (te ga)" shapping this afternoan. In other cases, there is a clear difference in meaning. We're going ta get married ane day. (= an intention)
g*tting rnarried soan. (= the wedding
is formally arranged. mi*utes.
(be) about to: when something wi[[ happen very soon or immediately.
Gemma'saboutta have
a babv.
l r$sfiq"q":r 1
l'm going to think about it. a a Dresent intention about the future b a future prediction c a future definite arrangement
2
She'tt be 25 next month.
l'n going shapping this afterno*n"
We're
that
2A
1 Choose the correct meaning a-c.
l'm playing football rhis evening. I'm going ta ptay faatbatl this evening.
.
plane'sduetatakeoff in about
a a future prediction b a future fact c a present intention about the future
is arranged)
3 will
3
4
We use w// for tatking about things that we think wilt happen any special plan or arrangement. We predict they witl happen or see them as a future fact.
without
give it to her * f 'll see her at wark. (= | don't need to arrange this) I know l'ttforget;f ldan'twrite it down. (= this is a future fact / I predict this witt happen) t can
* Some people think it is bad Engtish to repeat go tike this.
We're taking the train to Vancouver. a a present intention about the future
b a future definite arrangement c a future prediction l'tt probabty work for my father. a a Dresent intention about the future b a future fact c a future prediction
l'm seeing my doctor on Thursday. a a future definite arrangement b a future fact c a Dresent intention about the future We're going to try and find a new flat. a a future orediction b a present intention about the future c a future definite arrangement Your books
will be delivered on Thursday.
a a present intention about the future b a future definite arrangement c a future fact
(eq)
nor( uaqan errre3 (t1sln
/ no{)
'os adoq | :8 euoPuol ul
:y y
'no,( p1o1 I 3u1q1tana (requueuer) 1snI no{ 1r (ssed)
-
'1se1 Sur,rup
Z(enpre)
no{ arns u,;
'{.r.ro,rn
t,uo6
:€
{u lnoqe snonrau ,t11ea.r u,; :y E 'olns
:8
rxel oql uaqm eur 11er no{ ue) :V
lreq (ra8) aqseuoosseno,{11ero1rurq(1se) 1'aue['rg '8elg ot leeds
o1 peau | 'aur1.r eN rolleH
Z
:g
:V I
'slalf,eJq ul qJaA
eql u.uo, lroJJo) oql qllM suollesJa^uo) eql elelduro) 'euo raqloue
leuoteqtouepuilnlnI / /
asnoq e^ow
I 'et'eal
pull uet
1
euoleq7ouepu(11rgot fiw e^eal ll,l 9 'asnoq a^out ol ateq y,f,aql
t
'uler nyvtl! sselun uler Lusaop tUfl anbeqleq p a^eq ll,a A 1 \rop,og arojoq eul ilel nort uef
S
n,faqt I asnoq atou /(e./t 'uroq s,{qeq aqr uaq/v\
suler U ssailun
/
nof I erce1711nnof
'a.uoq
F
E
a^!l o7 elqe eq Luo^trl
or o3 I Jl z / auoq w e\n l,uoP I I e,ao.l F a^n l,uorra; awoq ta6 pn 1 1 awoq n6 Ise uoos "(lrsranrun sp pr^ec euoqd 11,1 L
'ue t /
'o)uolues eql eleldr.uor louue) teql Sulpue eq1 1no sio.r1
'('r1a 'o; 6u1o6'ryn) pesn
st
uroj qla^ etnlnj e'e)ualuas aql jo ueo laqlo or.ll ur leql erlloN :tauutp tot punat no{ alaut y,an'6ut1eto>ap aql qslu$ an atu6 'a^!! at a.taqltawas pu$ 11gun anq {els o16uto6 w,1 'Jaulaqs e ateq ol6uto6 w,t 'awoq p6 att se uoossV nof a.rolaq s1q611 aqlua u.snl otr taqwautay 'no[ to! tt 6upq y1 '71 pult 1 uaqyl 'aaea1
'auoqd nof,ssa1un iutq\fue ap 4uaw l 'psdn fyeat aq y,aqs 'urc6e wexa nq syet aqs t1
't\a'awnlxau
'auo'lllun 'se uoos se 'n4!e 'atolaq 'uaqn'ssalun'!t nlp wo1 qlen lueseld e asn oA 'alnln1 aql lnoqe Eur11e1 e.re eA uotll uanl
'fla'ssatun 'uaqtt'l!
rl+l
sasnelf,
ernlnl
esPua uossel
aqt ssalun
1 11
1n4le op o1 Suruueld no,( ere req/v\
OL
')ae^ uau e.ro;eq no{ aes / lou 7,lqeqord 7 I 2 'a.rrlai / lnoqe / ssoq {4 9 'qof eqr 1eE 1ou lltM / I /v\oul I I 7 {trslenrun o1 {1dde lou eq s{es xelv t
'qreeq aql o1 oE plnoqs
e^ )ulql l,uop I Mororuol sr,reu
{ue
Jeeq I se
surer
I
ssetlun /
uoosse | ilwn /
11ran
t / uaqil
6
'ePull lnoqe ye1
11,1 g
sse1/4n no,(
7 SuroE
/
I 1
/ tnun
uo lq8re:1s
o9
9
nlte reneq lae] ll,no
lou
E
1
'ree{ rel Mou {nq ar,a srql e Surdoq s A 'suexo st el^llo raq #€+s lnoqP t '.rea,{ slql o31o er,e s{ep11oq rno roj araarD o1 3u11u1qf AE ery 7
E
no1
2uoos s,(eplloq rno{ e1e1 o1 ueld no{ 'raquelda5 ut SqUe+s onP s! asrno)
L
lseq eql esoorl) z
suossel Sulnup Eurneq
7
'saf,uelues arnlnl a)eul.ol sldruo.rd oql osn 7
s
euo) t
I
terye.
Z
laal no,( eleu {aq1 ssalun
7/J {le1erpau.ru.rl s}alqel aqr Eu11e1 dols plnoqs
stuexa {r-u
eql ultl llol ll,l 'oulor.l
7
)eem ueu lsat Eu!^Up {uu e1e1 / enp | | '{ure eql uiotT lurqr 7 re1srs,{6 'Suuaaut8ue{pnp7ue1d71
'palouuord sla8
aqywn /
ssel/4n / ueqrL,teles ra88rq e uree 1Fr u|[ 2 'ga1 .rno{ uo )ueq eql ees 11,nor( uaql
rrgerl eql ol le8 no{ ssa;un
's1q8r1
'1sor e e^pq no[,1pun 1 arcleq idn &rnq no[. ueqn I
ssailun I a1e1' oq ll,el iuo 'surexo raq syels eqs a;opg
/ se uoos se I raXfe lear* e ro1 ,{ep11oq uo Suro8 sr qeres 2ll qslul; no[,1gun 1 uaqn 1 l14ooq rno,{ anor.roq I ue)
)lls I uaqil
'sJo/r^sus 'r.lsrurJ
ru,l
Suro8 ar,a16
suge.r 11
iasino) Jo 's,r,rau pooS
S
y g
s1e3 eq
'1no oB I 1.ro,rneu.roq {lu qsrury ol luem I Z -'3u1p{r 'qot eql slaB aqs pelq8rlep eq 1,aqs lllun J! arolsq se uoos se
qrnu.r 1oB l,ueleq e A ^auoLu'4 6utry at,nof y a>1p
L
t
1
ynof ans
uJ,l
ssalun
etalduo3
eqf
'PJOM eJlxo Ue PPe Ol peeU ,(eur no^'sa)uelues osaql u! lno pessoJ) uooq seq leql pJo/r^ eql peJJo) €
'tfup euo payteu 6up1a6 et,/b4t | euo '{ep papeu 7a6 y,,Gqr 1u;qr I 'eldnor lealS e ere urol pue LleuueH s 'ree{ srql ,(eprloq e ateq o7 6u1ob lou al,a^ / e^eq Luoa ea pepoap ol,o^ os'luouroru oql tre
L
-
'xoq oql u! spJo/v\ eql qllm sef,ueluas eqt
-
lueJnelsar uerlell ,r,rau leql fu1 plnoqs no1 'rqBluor
lq8;u ,(pee ue a^e.l M / a^eq
o7 6u1o6
u1
'pe.rr1 {11ear uu,;
'ssoq rvrau {uu
1
l
q"li,$sY$i
dupaaw u,1 taeu l M - uoouroue s1q1 {snq u.r,1 1nq &ro5 1 'lxaluo) aql u! r!Jo] qJo^ lsoq oql asoorl) z
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.
WORD FAMILIES a distraction
knowtedge
an exPerience
productive
a faiture
profitable
imagination
a success
l'm sure she'lt be '. ...:..:::.:.-::::
She's very hard-working, so (success).
1
|
2
This technology means we can
don't go on social networking sites at work. I find it (distraction)
improvement
-
(production)
more cars more quickly.
WOR.K
3
uatifications
badty paid
q
chatlenging
responsibility
competitive
secure
(stress).
creative
speciaI training
good communication skills
stressfuI
good with money/numbers
wetl-organised
opportunities (to trave[)
wett-paid
physically
fit
4 5
assertive
to nave exPeflence to have potential
business sense
to make decisions
a candidate clear thinking
maternity [eave to run a course
to deal with a problem
a strength
determined
to enrol for a course
to take responsibility tatent to voIunteer
an executive
a weaKness
focused
to work for a charity to work wetl in a team
to get promotion
3 4
^ d
^^:l -Poru
2
worK
b
to travel
3
opportunities c
4 5
6 7 B
2
5 6 7 B 9
B
well
money
d training communication e long hours
physicatly f skitts g fit good with h organised special
it and
make the necessary changes to make it into an adjective.
1 2 3 4
::=
success / inteltigent ambitious / creative / talent / stressful disciptined / chattenging / focus / secure confident / determination / experienced / productive
fit / assertive /
-
His business lost a lot of money
_
(fait).
-
it was a comptete
(knowtedge) about
My grandfather is very locaI historv.
I write it down in a special notebook that I keep just for vocabulary. I write it down on any piece of paPer I have with me. I write it down with a translation. | write it down with a translation and an
n n n
exampte sentence.
tr
| don't write
it down. lf it's important, I remember it.
| mark the stressed sytlabte. | note the pronunciation in phonemic script. I note
the'part of speech'(noun, verb, adjective, etc.). to make
n n n n
| use hightighting and different colours
the notes more attractive.
badty
In each list, one word is not an adjective. Underline
(imagination) pictures.
The book is futt of
1 What do you do when you meet a new English word or phrase that you want to remember?
to make Phrases connected
1
(responsible) for
your decisions. (ambition) are you? How -
Keep good vocabulary notes
with work. Can you remember any other Phrases connected with work? A
-
-
t"rEoF"Trq"i 1
-
(determination) to get to the toP
be
-
10
hardworking
Match the words in A and B
to
In business, you have to take
7 8 9
hours
OTHER
discipIined
You need
6
lon8
(experience).
The doctor is very in this job.
to work
ambitious
-
He teft his last job because he found it too
2
Discuss with other students which ideas in exercise 1 work best for you. Highlight any new ideas that you would tike to try.
3
Look back through Unit 5. Choose five new words and make notes about them using the ideas in exercise 1'
n
(re&o1)
| 'urer aLll ur
euoq
'ellelquln Atrl (11e^n)
I
:g
auau oP no,{ prp teq/v\ :v 'lll sem I esne)oq ur (ar.uor rou) |
tnq fep
1s.rr1
,{tu (eq)
-
{epre1sa1.ue
l,se1
:g
2A AU nOA OJV :V
-
'rer.11eEo1 1no
Aaqt Meu) | tnq'teql (r,rou1
-
Suro8
11
7 ,(q
(yer)
rou)
Zpoureur EurDeB ete r{eq1
|
,oN
:g
moul no,( p1q :y y
'e1e1
ll ')rol),o
tnq'arojaq
euoq (ot)
elnb
-
(pear)
-
|
'oN
:g
fiSppp
pue
peyed
1spd
senn-
ereld aq},)toll,o L
oql u!loltoq s! leql qle^ eqt
'pa^yJe ala uaqr^
'au!l
aules eql ssal Jo
aql \llw uaqltesn a^ Jl a]lsal pue talwaqs e psll I
trsed
'paq
eql uaq^ peyad
1se6
)Pall s! ped eql ur sluo^o eqt asn {11ensn 1ou op a16
.peuaddeq
leql
1
'payed
7
sqtuou
1o
ontn!
1se4
3urmo11o1 eq1
atle3 u! uaaq peq a/\\
'lrayed lueserd eql ql!/v\ asn e^ {ueru asn ean,lreyad 1sed eql qtyv\
pa#ed lsed eql ql!,v\
S
1UASoJ0
sPJoin
pefad
lSVd
|
€
eull
z
lsed
t
>
----_-__,-t 'atolaq antny aftqy uaaq p,! :enejtsnv ,.1sed aq1 1o
L
^g olllf
q
I
paue$ awe1 aq1
erotu le peueddeq suolllp oml oql'sqtan aldurs lsed oml qlt1 'pa^ytre a^^ uaq$ peqslu$ peq awe6 *q1 'peueddeq uotpe puofas eql uaqm por.lsruU sem uolpe
lsrJ aql leql sueoul 1r'lraped
1o eruanbes
'$al pptl ssan5rno s€./oosss dn,5utqseu pp atlA aqt '*Ja1 fpeatle peq traqp aLlJ,dn pb luetpr4 uorpe lsltJ aql loJ l)olled lsed eLll esn a^ ,sploM eseql qlyv\ se uoos se / anlaq 1 n{e I uaqM "paqyug! peq w1g aql' panlt:e an awg aqq fg (eulr slqt aroJaq Uel ,(eqr =) '1Ja1 peq auafsada gg:g fg fiq -
autpaqyfiq
eql qll/v\ Pesn ueuo osle ole sase.rqd pue splo^
'rar.{ p,l pr!,0 pua'€s aur!} aqj selv\ U }aLu tsr[ / / '6a16umup fut passed fl7uatat 1sn! fpeal1e p,1 S 7
'7sn6ny atup
leql spJol^ aurll eures eql
P!P
ol paUETES]tlI eH
t*:tJil# t arnln;<
I
| ll
paror
q
ltst^1sul
ped eql,
sr
fw 4"usetu4
pa;red 1sed aql
Z
lueserd
3
eq
{11ear (roE)
@
pefad
ern1nl< |
tsed
ISVd
t
>
't------'-'
{ul
uaq^ snorueu (eq) {eq1
'uoruor eqt otu! (re8 lou) ean
ste)lrl
leuo;1do sr pe;rad 1sed sql elaq/v\ sose3 €
(eq)
euo,tan3 :g
2pue ,Qred eqt plp autt leq^ :V € 'pue aqtr (la8rot) 1r1un t 1 ,(11enpy'1; pe^ol | :g Z)ooq aql ,(o[ue no{ Plc :v z
'artu ,{.|aa
aH'aroJeq u;q (reeru)
(eq)
Aurlq leur no{ eurl tsru aql 1! se A :v I 'esuol aures
-
ol,ll u! srs sqJe^ qloq seutloruos'slo))etq u! qre^ aql ,o utJo] peyed lsed ro e1du1s 1se6 eql ql!/v\ sre/v\sue eq1 e1elduo1 g
'slea{ enrl lo} eloqt p-Ju|O] Sm uefi'{uedu.ror aqf ; uaq/y\ g 'pa-nef- ulllJ oql'pe^uje- o^^ aulll eql / ^g 9 aueld eq1 uo 5.r6M oq,rn eldoad eql lo tsol
'elolaq
'r! ,{11enpe aq ero1aq seu.r11 ,{ueu.r qof srq aneel
sror raarls eqr u! ,rrq mes ; ft.red eql re )reh
'uorsr^oJ Jo rol e PIP esneroq urexe eql ul lreu anol {u.r rlllivr paluloddesrp sem'auror.l r.uol, {ervre tr{Eru eq} luE-G la^a outl }slry eql seMI
Z
'aLUor.l IuaM-
auo,tena -,{1dtue {1a1eldruor '1!
.1ean
'slee{ 9y loJ esnoq eules eql ur (enrl) 'alqel e (erueset) elrun
'arclaq at1n7 araq uaaq s,aqs :eilp$snv aj J1s1r, trsL1t s,aue{ 7,ustr e7 ',1ueserd eql 1o lsed eqt, s! paJlad lueserd aqf
a
.1e1.reuledns eql ol oE o1 (1a8ro1) t p Ir
.urq (euoqd 1ou)
'eue1d aqtr uo 1o3,{eril
peiled lueseJd aql qlliv\ sallFeltuIS
(11as
7,(pee4e)
e
{aqt
g
e6
{ur auoq (re8) ueq6
{ul
I
(areel)
L
q
I Z
luernetsol aql ur enenb (o1 eneq 1ou) aql 1e
{.r8ue sean.reqlel
1
o.lnlnJ
1u0s0r0 |
<
l_svd
\< a;eq1 1oB
\<
a,rn
rye1
>
euo&ane
'$a7 peq 'anqs auoftata at* uaql4 w6 .lseo oql u!
9
elolaq ({1 T raneu) slue.redpue.r8 {61 5 asnoq aql ut pooJ ou (aq) areql y eloru ot (ruem tou) alrun {6 E euror.l tre pllarqurn
requn1 eurll ror{}oue o1 lsed eq1 ur
aull
euo slun }repad 1sed aLll
zl! euop
^eql/am/l/orls
7
ii
1aq1no[,11pen
i
ilor nau+r1{,1eads)-€qffi V
'pltq) e se sued ut pa^'t peq aqs asnnaq lpm qtuatl a4o& aqg 'slo))erq ut qlo^ er{l Jo ruJo, paJJo) oql q1!/v1 sa)uoluos eql ollr A'esne)oq Jo ostursn se^leq af,uelues eql qlle4 !
paJred lsed
t 3]ttSvud r
n questions, ask and want to know are common reporting verbs. In YeslNo questions, the verb is joined to the reported words f
Reported speech and reported questions
with r/or whether.
1 Change of tenses
She asked
When we report someone's words afterwards, the verb forms often move into the past. This is because what they said is now in the past.
to
/ wanted
know
i il . i whether
i ;
it was true (or not).
ln Wh- questions, we do not need if or whether. 'What do you think?' He asked me whet !
thousht"
3 Word order in reported questions The word order in reported questions is the same as in normal
statements. Past
simple
'l'vefaand
i
pre,rious
yeat,
i" ; ;
a new job
i i Direct speech i Reported speech i Sheaskediffcor{dcomeearly. LAnyru : ii'Canyoucameearty?'
; - ;,
......-.....'............'!|'!..^^'^',.*^^aaitD'!ehalco/
: :
Canada. i ininCanada. i PaSIPerreG
inCanada.e in Canada.e : PresentPertect
i'l'mleavingtamarraw.' i hewasleavingthenextday' i ii n^-+ ^^-r:-..^..^ -^-+;^,,^,,Pastcontinuous i Presentcontinuous : 1
i'l'mgaingtostarta
new
!ife.'
i
hewasgaingtastart,
a new
urc"
i
'Eidyausee anything i Thepoticeofficerwantedtoknowif The potice officer wanted to know if ii'U;dyouseeanything i weraos€enanylnln8susPlclous. : susPlclousf
r Hetotdthathewascomingtotheparty. 2 He said he was coming to the party'
i 'Yau cax ccme andsee me"' i lcaatd come and see him. i couldlcouldn't i canlcan't
4 5
i
Othermodal verbs
.
i
i
He said me he was coming to the party. He said
to me that he.was coming to the party.
6 He totd to me he was coming to the Party. 7 He totd that he was coming to the Party. 8 He said that he was coming to the Party' 2
Put the words in the correct order
to make reported questions.
1
late / asked
the /was / me
/teacher/whv/
/
|
(would,could,should,ought,might)donot 2 us/home/he/were /if lwelasked/going
change in reported speech.
Alsonoticethechangesinpronounsusedinreportedspeech' I
+
3
her/was/asked lgoingl where/they/she
4
brother/where / my / know/was/wanted /
helshe
2 Verbs and conjunctions used for reporting
. In statements, say and fel/ are the most common rePorting verbs. Look at how they are used. He said
NOT
itwas true.
iie tl{d itwastrue.
He totd me it was true. NOT #e said
me
it was true.
rre safd ro me f t was true.
NOT He told ta me itwas true. These verbs can be followedby that, but
it is not
necessary.
:
a-----------$-:---:---
i'fltwrketeyauwhen ihey.Tuldwritetomewhenhe ! i gotthere. i lgetthere.' i wouldlwouldn't i willlwon't i
REMEMBER! . Notice the changes in place and time references in the reported statements. here+there last year - the year before .
i:
5 him/how/didn't /was/l /he/ask
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-edl-ing adjectives
The passive
1 -ed adjectives
1 Simpte tenses
Adjectives ending in -eddescribe our feelings about something or someone. if*Jl S*r*d at f ht part,S. (= I found the party boring)
:-tot-
:
i
Adjectives ending in -rng describe the thing or Person that has an effect on us. I*f*y s J*ssr:r.r w;s vs,"y r'n*eresrfng" (= the lesson interested me)
confused/confusi ng depressed/depressing
pleased/pleasing
disappointed/disappointing
su
embarrassed/embarrassins rustrated/f rustrati ng
terrified/terrifying worried/worrying
participte
i
+ past
i
past participte
i
ls
?"*i'iPl'
!--j
i Present : tt's 1=
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151
;g
it made?
not) made.
made.
wasn't i Was it made? *"s not) mad", It's (= 6s51 i lt hasn't i Has it been been made. ! (= has not) i made?
It was
Past
nterested/interesti ng inspired/inspiring i rritated/i rritati ng moved/moving
past
i
3 Other -edl-ing adjectives
f
; i ',i;..i * ".'u i verb to be + ';;j;;, verb to be + i to be + not : subject +
j
i
2 -ing adjectives
amazed/amazing annoyed/annoying bored/boring
i
made. i ,
lt
(=
:
i
i
Present
perfect
i been made. : :::---i Future ft'tt (= wilt) be lt won't :
i i made.
i
i i
rprised/su rprisi ng
;
i i (= will not) i bemade.
i
be made?
Wilt it
,
:
I
|
i
2 Continuous tenses ffi
ffiffi--%#T€trffi 3
1 Choose the correct adjectives.
1 2 3
4 5
6 7
8
Form
That's a very irteresfed I interesting suggestion. The news isn't really surprised I surprising. There's no need to feel embarrassed I embarrassing. Why are you always late? Have you any idea how annoyed
/
annoying itisl l'm afraid it was rather a bored / boring evening. l'm reatty pleased I pleasing to see how we[[ she's doing. The news report was extremely worrying I worried. | don't understand. l'm really confused I confusing.
subject + verb to be + being + past
subject + to be +
verb
Pl1i'itl"
It's (= is)
It isn't (= is not) being
being made.
Past
It was being made.
i verb fo be +
not i subject + being + past i being + past
P11l'jPl" Prssent
i
made.
It wasn't (= was not) being made.
i ?"li'lPl: I ts it being i made? i
Was it being made?
Complete the sentences with an -edl-ing adjective.
1 2 3 4
5 6
very dwhen I failed my driving test again. . I don't The instructions for this phone are reatly cunderstand them at att. After his divorce, Frank became more and more d-, | was awhen I won the competition - | didn't exPect it | was
at att! My brother taps his hands on the table a[[ the time - it's really habit. r Why doesn't this printer work? Oh, it's so
a_
f-
3 The difference between the active and the passive In active sentences, the subject is
(subject)
(verb)
In passive sentences, a
the'doer'of the verb
(the person who makes the action happen). 7he fi:'ef ighter re:ca*# l*E r'.ijjd.
the'doer'of the verb is not the subject.
If* r*iid
(subject)
(verb)
REMEMBER! lf we mention the'doer'of the verb, we use by + the Person.
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3
Match the sentence halves.
ENTERTAINMENT AND TELEVISION
A
an advert
a quiz show
a chat show
a reality show
a cookery Programme a documentary
a sitcom
a (drama) series
a sPorts Programme
1 Jason was furious 2 lt's cold out here. I'm 3 The film was superb and the acting 4 Take a coat and hat.The weather 5 We're absolutety 6 Hotty used to be terrified 7 The show was hilarious 8 lt's ridiculous that 9 Do you mind if I take off my jacket? lt's
a soap oPera
a game snow
a
a murder mystery
travel news
a nature Programme
the weather forecast
tatent show
a Phone-ln
'10
EXTREME ADJECTIVES
astonished
freezing
boiling
furious
detighted
hilarious
excettent
ridiculous
exhausted
terribte
fantastic
terrified
B
[ooks terrible. and he couldn't stop laughing. absoIutely freezing! u of spiders. e boiling in here. f after the tong ftight from Sydney. D
OTHER
the acting
a musical
a batlet
an oPera
the camera work
an orchestra
the cast a classica[/rock concert
the photography to ptay a rote the plot
a comedy show
a pop video
a character
a costume
g
was fantastic!
h i
when someone damaged his car. detighted by the news.
J
the bank isn't open on Saturdays.
=1=j.fi
a gig
the set
the lighting the lyrics
the speciaI effects
3:
Using English outside the classroom 1 Here are some things you can do to improve your Engtish outside the classroom. Tick any of these things you've done. Did you find them useful?
lmsiisE 1 Underline the odd one out in each group of words.
1
Find an English song that you [ike and write down phrases that you understand. Find the words online and check how we[ you understood it.
2
n
Watch an Engtish-language TV channel for a few minutes every day.
3
n
Listen
4
that interest you. Find an article that interests you on an English
n
Can you explain your answers?
1 2 3
a murder mystery
a
/ a sitcom /
a soap opera
/ travel
news
ballet/a character/ a classicaI concert/ a musical / a realityshow/ a drama series / a talent
a phone-in
Snow
4 5 6 2
the cast / the costumes / the tighting / the special effects an advert a musical
/ a documentary / sports coverage / travel / a comedy show / a pop video / an opera
news
Cover the word list. Write extreme adjectives which are similar in meaning to the definitions. Can you remember any others to add to the [ist?
1 very good 2 very bad 3 very happy 4 very angry 5 very silty 6 very funny 7 very cold B
very hot
They were exhausted
to English-language radio programmes
newspaper website.
5
tr
Choose a graded reader (e.g. the Penguin Reader series) and start reading for pleasure in Engtish.
6
n
Watch a subtitted version of an Engtish tanguage fitm. Try to listen rather than read the subtittes.
n
2 Hightight two activities you would like to try - but remember to choose things that would interest you in
your own language!
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3
will andslrall (for instant responses)
Read the situations below and cross out the phrase which is not correct in that situation.
1
a Here, l'tt hetp you with those. b Shatt I help you with those? c Witt I hetp you with those?
lf we make a decision at the moment of speaking, we use wil/. suddenly !*e:[ a hit ti:*ti ".. ! rhink !'€{. stay ist ttinight.. This use of will is often contrasted with going to (used if you've !
2
already decided). Compare the foltowing pairs of sentences. A: il* y::u war:t t* p!a.1t srit.t+sft !*{r}affaw s*t"*e tim*? B: S;:rr-V, i €ari't * w*"{* g*irzg t* pxint the !i';i*g r+s*m (= they've already decided do this) tt i}* end i:av* * quisk ccfft*l B: 5*i:d i.Js* .". i'tt fi*is* tii: J,lfsr. (= speaker decides at that moment)
For instant decisions and responses, we atways use the contracted
form 'il and not the futl form
.
lf ii's st*ry,
-
.
ffi 1
I
c
l'[[ catl you tomorrow.
4
You are talking
to your best friend on the phone. She's ftying home to London tomorrow. a Sha[[ | meet you at the airport?
b l'm meetingyou at the airport. c l'[ meet you at the airport.
wr71.
y*i:
!'lE 1iv*
a
4
lift.
it*ii
-y*;sr !:arsd. You can also use Shall I ...? for offers. l'68
Ettat{ I help v*;-: with
.
Shatt we
c
Very oftenthese decisions are offers or promises. i,3r.:n't ;,s*rr.y
.
b
3
D+ 3r*t; wa{:t
REMEMBER!
lt's your dream to visit Hawaii.You've just received a letter te[[ing you that you've won several thousand do[[ars. a l'm going to visit Hawaii.
visit Hawaii? think l'[[ visit Hawaii. You are just leaving your friend's house. He's feeting itt. a Am I going to ca[[ you tomorrow? b Shatt I ca[[ you tomorrow?
{his .;s*tk*:'t:i.
A;
You see an old woman carrying heavy bags.
Sfeal| I
*i!.y**
t?:at7 *t, ?iienks.
leie;'?
N::,
d*r;'i w*rry. I'il be fir;*.
Shallwe? is used to make suggestions. Efza€l-we i;av* x
'l A: lt's absolutely freezing in herel B: I'llclose I I'mgoingtoclosethe
window.
2 A: When is the next ftight? B: Just a minute, I'mgoingtocheck / I'llcheck on the website.
vai*7
These are the most common uses of shal/ in modern Engtish
pffi.&#Y'$trffi tr
3 A: Have you got any plans for tonight? B: Yes, I'll have I I'm going to haye dinner with a f riend. 4 A: I don't want to leave my laptop here. B: lt's OK. I'lllookafter / I'mgoingtolookafterit. 5 A: I can't understand these instructions. Bi l'mgoingtohelp /l'llhelp if you tike
6 A: Are you looking forward to your hotidays? B: I can't wait! /'Ilslf I I'mgoingtoslf on the beach
Match the sentence halves. A
do nothing. 7 A: lt's raining really hard. B: I'll lend you / I'm going to lend you an umbrella. 8 A: What is your NewYear's resolution? B: I'll lose / I'm going to lose weight.
1 l'[[ carry your books 2 l'tt try again later 3 l'm going to get fit this summer 4 l'tt do the washing-up 5 l'tt take the red oair of shoes 6 l'm going to cook this evening B
a l've signed up for a course at the gym. b I don't like the black ones so much. c they lookvery heavy. d I bought a[[ the ingredients this morning. e his phone's off at the moment. f you cooked so it's only fair. 2 Write the sentences from exercise
Choose the best answers.
1 in
the correct
group below.
'1
Decisions made at the moment of speaking
2
Decisions made before the moment of speaking
and
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Defining relative clauses
1
Defining relative clauses give us information about things, people, possessions, ptaces and times using a relative pronoun.
1 Things (that,which or
-l
PRAETIfiH
T
Choose the correct answers.
1
A necklace is a piece of jewettery who / which / where you wear around your neck.
2 3
A cyclist is someone who
/ which / whose rides a bicycle. A hetmet is a hard hatwho / whose I that orotects your head.
lt's a *iarh!n* 'xlti** c*nverts in.f*rrn*ti*r. * cejei;ialor,: * iittie nzachitr* t*a* d*es arir.hynetir.
4
A dry cleaner's is a shop that / where / when you can take clothes to be dry-cteaned.
5
An air traffic controller is someone whose / who / that job is to control the movement of planes in and out of
6
REMEMBER!
an airDort.
What is not possible here.
2 People (who,thator-)
A manager is someone whose / which /who is in charge of a business or part of a business. A festival is a time which / that / when there are performances of many films, plays and pieces of music.
A te:h*t:ph*be:s * S*rsr:* wll* d*sm'i use t-eihfi*logg. A :tcy,/-cr*;d*rJs r *ra-s*i? t-kaf reeds i*e n*'"vs.
An Oscar is a prize who / that / whose is given each year in the USA for the best film, best actor, etc.
The pronoun that is [ess common than who here.
A court is a place where
itr
rei:ulatar
ls
* nar:hin* tlectlwfui
