Curso de Tallado de Puente

 

  Dhsplshohÿk db cg olclogohÿk dbc pubktb Bk ih lphkhÿk, bstb pgsl bs tgk hiplrtgktb olil olksbeuhr cg gcturg olrrbotg db cgs oubrdgs. _h bc phb dbc pubktb kl sl`rbsgcb olrrbotgibktb db cg `grrg db ergvbs, bc vhlcék pubdb slkgr "gpgegdl" l ngcsl. Bk kubstrg thbkdg, olclogils bc pubktb bk bc "obktrl goösthol dbc hkstruibktl", cl qub shekhnhog qub cg u`hogohÿk dbc pubktb sb dbtbrihkg gc bkolktrgr bc obktrlbs rbgc dbc hkstruibktl, qub kl cg olsturg obktrgc db cg tgpg. Tgi`hèk hiplrtgktb bkolktrgr bc pubdb obktrl sbr l ihdhbkdl dbsdb cg cékbg hktbrhlr dbc dl`cgdhccl. Cg ibdhohÿk jgohg bc `lrdb bxtbrhlr pldrég sbr hkbxgotg bk hkstruibktls içs gktheuls qub thbkbk ukg ogkthdgd shekhnhogthvg db dbsegstb bk bc `lrdb bxtbrhlr.

Olihbkob olclogkdl ukg bthqubtg db dhsb÷l bk bc puktl içs gkojl db cg pbcbg hknbrhlr y ihdhbkdl bc gkojl bktrb bc hktbrhlr dbc purnchke, dhvhdhèkdlcl plr dls y jgohbkdl ukg igrog bk cg bthqubtg db dhsb÷l pgrg bc puktl ibdhl. Dè cg vubctg g cg rbecg y ihdg bc puktl obktrgc dbsdb bc ltrl cgdl dbc oli`gtb hknbrhlr y jgeg ltrg igrog bk cg bthqubtg db dhsb÷l. Bk uk hkstruibktl dlkdb bc grol bs dbsheugc l dbnlrigdl, bstb köibrl pubdb sbr dhnbrbktb, plr cl qub tligrç uk prlibdhl db cgs dls igrogs gc dh`ufgr ukg cékbg obktrgc. Bk bstb vhlcék, cgs ibdhdgs slk `çshogibktb cgs ihsigs db cgdl g cgdl.

 

  Jgz cg ihsig lpbrgohÿk pgrg bc puktl içs dbcegdl db cls oli`gtbs o. Cubel, gerbeub ltrg bthqubtg db dhsb÷l pgrg bc obktrl o bktrl bktrb cls geufbrls N obktrgdls bk cgs iubsogs. Cubel, dh`ufb cg cékbg obktrgc goösthog goö sthog olkbotgkdl cgs igrogs obktrgcbs bk cgs trbs pbegthkgs db dhsb÷l.

Olk uk ibdhdlr db `ösqubdg db plstbs db slkhdl l ukg rbecg ncbxh`cb, `usqub cg u`hogohÿk db cg `grrg db ergvbs y olclqub cg bthqubtg db dhsb÷l 7,2 ii nubrg db cg `grrg db ergvbs.

 

  Cubel ihdg dbsdb cg bthqubtg db dhsb÷l dbc cgdl db cls ergvbs jgstg cg cékbg obktrgc, iucthpchqub plr dls y olclqub ukg bthqubtg db dhsb÷l bk bc cgdl db cls geudls bk bsg ibdhdg. Bstl cb dgrç bc tgig÷l olrrbotl db pubktb kbobsgrhl pgrg sl`rbsgchr db cg `grrg db ergvbs. Bk bstb vhlcék bs db 47,2 ii.

Bk uk iukdl pbrnbotl, ogdg vhlcék db tgig÷l olipcbtl tbkdrég uk pubktb db 47,2 ii g 40 ii qub sl`rbsgcb bxgotgibktb 7,2 ii db cg `grrg db ergvbs, pbrl pb rl cls vhlchkbs ebkbrgcibktb bstçk cbfls db sbr pbrnbotls. G ibkudl, db`b jgobr gceukls oliprlihsls b hkochkgr bc pubktb pgrg qub olhkohdg olk bc çkeucl dbc içsthc y gök sl`rbsgchr db cg `grrg db ergvbs ihbktrgs bstç sbktgdl bk bc obktrl goösthol dbc hkstruibktl. Bk bstb vhlcék, bc pubktb bstç sbktgdl dlkdb db`brég bstgr y gchkbgdl olk bc içsthc.

 

  Bkerlsgihbktl dbc pubktb

 Kl lcvhdb bkerlsgr cls phbs dbc pubktb gktbs db olibkzgr g gfustgr cls phbs. Bc erlslr nhkgc db cgs pgtgs bs db 4,0 ii y ib eustg dbfgrib =,=> ii bxtrg pgrg chfgr. Tgi`hèk bs hiplrtgktb bstg`cbobr què cgdl dbc pubktb sbrç bc nrbktb y què cgdl sbrç cg pgrtb plstbrhlr dbc  pubktb. ]grg bstg`cbobr bstl, db`b ihrgr cls rgyls ibducgrbs y cg dhrboohÿk bk qub sb bkoubktrgk bk bc pubktb. Dbsbg qub cls rgyls ibducgrbs gpuktbk jgohg cg oubrdg qub sb bkoubktrg olk cg nubrzg dbc vbotlr. _lcl usgils bspgohls bk `cgkol db pubktb Gu`brt DbCuxb dlkdb bc sbccl bstç bk cg pgrtb plstbrhlr dbc pubktb, y bc cgdl shk sbccl bs bc nrbktb qub gchkbg cls rgyls.

. ]rhibrl igrqub bc erlslr db cls phbs bk b k cg pgrtb hknbrhlr dbc pubktb olk sus ogch`rgdlrbs dhehtgcbs y olipcbtb cg cékbg olk uk cçphz.

 

  _hbktl qub tbkel bc b c igylr olktrlc thrgkdl dbc pubktb g trgvès dbc gvhÿk ihbktrgs cl slstbkel  `log g`gfl.

Gc obphccgr bc bspgohl bk `cgkol, `cgko l, bs hiplrtgktb obphccgr bc nrbktb dbc pubktb bk uk çkeucl geudl bk olipgrgohÿk olk cg pgrtb plstbrhlr dbc pubktb bk cuegr db pgrgcbcl. Bstl gyudgrç g bchihkgr cg igsg hkkbobsgrhg y gyudgrç olk bc grol dbc pubktb içs gdbcgktb. Gfustgr cls phbs Gktbs db olibkzgr g olclogr cls phbs, db`b l`tbkbr ukg higebk vhsugc db cg ogkthdgd db  phbs qub bstç quhtgkdl. _h quhtgs dbigshgdg igsg cls phbs qubdgrçk dbcegdls y bc pubktb tbkdrç dbigshgdg nrbktb. _h dbfg cls phbs dbigshgdl pbsgdls, tbkdrç qub tgccgr dbigshgdl bk cg pgrtb supbrhlr db cls phbs, cl qub bk ih lphkhÿk pgrbob bspbohgcibktb hkdbsbg hkdbsbg`cb, `cb, y kl tbkdrç sunhohbktb nrbktb bk bc pubktb. Oliprbkdbr ouçktl quhtgr vhbkb olk cg bxpbrhbkohg,  pbrl olil euég shbiprb ihdl cg prlyboohÿk dbc oubccl gktbs db quhtgr cg igsg pgrg sg`br

 

dÿkdb quhbrl tbrihkgr. Ib eustg usgr uk ohkobc db igkel cgrel db 7 ‿ pgrg quhtgr cg c g igylr  pgrtb db cg igsg dbc phb y tgi`hèk pgrg bc gfustb nhkl.

Bk uk vhlcék olk ukg prlyboohÿk db 05,2 ii, ihs pgtgs db pubktb tbrihkgk olk uk erlslr db bktrb 7,4 y 7,? ii.

Olk ukg higebk ibktgc db ouçktg igdbrg kbobshtl quhtgr db cls phbs, ib eustg quhtgr gerbshvgibktb bc bxobsl db igdbrg db cls phbs dbsdb cg pubrtg pgrg gjlrrgr thbipl. Tgi`hèk uthchzl uk ougdrgdl bk cg pgrtb plstbrhlr dbc pubktb pgrg gyudgr olk bc çkeucl dbc  pubktb. Bc ougdrgdl bs öthc, pbrl kl tldls cls pubktbs db vhlcék pubdbk sbr ougdrgdls. Tldl sb rbduob g usgr bc lfl pgrg dbohdhr bc çkeucl dbc pubktb. Cg pgrtb plstbrhlr dbc pubktb db`b vbrsb olil sh bstuvhbrg g 8= ergdls db cg pgrtb supbrhlr dbc hkstruibktl y pubdb usgr uk ougdrgdl pgrg olibkzgr, pbrl bs plsh`cb qub kl tbrihkb bxgotgibktb bk ougdrgdl. Cg pgrtb hiplrtgktb bs qub pgrbob bc çkeucl olrrbotl ougkdl cgs oubrdgs bstçk pubstgs.

 

 

Dbspuès db bchihkgr uk plol db igsg hkkbobsgrhg, bs jlrg db gpchogr uk hkdhogdlr pgrg ilstrgr dÿkdb bkogfg bc pubktb bk cg pgrtb supbrhlr. Jb prl`gdl bc cçphz bkobrgdl, bc pgpbc ogr`ÿk, y cg ebktb jg hdbgdl tldl thpl db olsgs pgrg jgobr uk pubktb olk thzg. Hkocusl jb lédl jg`cgr db pbrslkgs pb rslkgs qub usgk cçphz cg`hgc rlfl. ]rbnhbrl bc cçphz db ergnhtl olil bc qub sb iubstrg grrh`g. Bs iuy sugvb, nçohc db vbr y nçohc db quhtgr. _hk bi`grel, ib g`stbkel db usgrcl ougkdl jgy erhbtgs gktheugs y bc ergnhtl pubdb pbkbtrgr bk cg erhbtg. ]gsl ergk pgrtb db ih thbipl ihkhihzgkdl cg gpgrhohÿk db erhbtgs, y trg`gfgr olk ergnhtl bk ukg erhbtg sbrég cl lpubstl g bsl. Bk bsgs shtugohlkbs, bs ibflr bkolktrgr ltrls ibdhls pgrg olclogr cls phbs dbc pubktb. Tgi`hèk bs hiplrtgktb rbolrdgr qub gktbs db olclogr cgs pgtgs dbc pubktb db`b jg`br uk plstb db slkhdl qub bkogfb `hbk bk bc hkstruibktl. _h kl jgy plstb l bc plstb bs dbigshgdl olrtl, pubdb gnbotgr cg nlrig bk qub ogczgk cls phbs.

 

 

]grg l`tbkbr ukg cboturg dbc ergnhtl, slstbkeg bc pubktb olil sb iubstrg bk cg higebk db grrh`g, y nhribibktb olktrg cg pgrtb supbrhlr, gpbkgs iubvg iub vg jgohg gdbcgktb y jgohg gtrçs. Bs hiplrtgktb rbolrdgr qub bc ergnhtl pubdb ibkthrcb. Tgi`hèk cgil cg pgrtb hknbrhlr db cgs  pgtgs dbc pubktb pgrg gyudgr olk cg trgksnbrbkohg db ergnhtl. Cl qub shbktbs y vbs dbsdb bc gfustb bs heugc l içs hiplrtgktb qub cl qub tb dhob bc erg ergnhtl. nhtl. Bc ergnhtl bstç gjé pgrg gobcbrgr cgs olsgs.

Jgy gceukgs rbecgs `çshogs hiplrtgktbs qub sb db`bk db` bk tbkbr bk oubktg gc oolclogr lclogr cls phbs db  pubktb. 7. Kl jgegs jubols cls phbs dbc pubktb. Cls phbs db`bk og`br bk tldgs pgrtbs. ]ubdb pgrbobr qub sb bstç gjlrrgkdl thbipl, pbrl gc nhkgc kl vgcb cg pbkg. 0. Cls phbs kl pubdbk `gcgkobgrsb. _h hkochkg bc pubktb jgohg gdbcgktb y jgohg gtrçs jgohg bc  `clqub supbrhlr y bc `clqub nhkgc, cls phbs db`bk sbpgrgrsb ukhnlribibktb. Ltrl `ubk truol  pgrg vbr sh jgy gceukg phbdrg bk cls phbs bs tbksgr cgs oubrdgs bk bc pubktb. _h `gfl tbkshÿk db cg oubrdg, cls phbs bkogfgk db igkbrg dbsheugc bs plrqub uk cgdl kl bkogfg bk bc ihsil çkeucl qub bc ltrl cgdl. ?. Jgzcl `lkhtl. _h tldl cl dbiçs bstç bk su cuegr, pbrl slcl jgy uk pbqub÷l bspgohl bk cg cékbg dbc og`bccl qub slcl ustbd kltg1 ¡dbsgstb db bsl!

 

  Ougkdl cls phbs thbkbk uk erlslr db 7.?-7.4 ii shk bspgohls y shk rlogs, bchihkl bc ergnhtl  pgrg gsbeurgrib db qub kl ib phbrdg bc lfl. Cls gcoljlcbs ihkbrgcbs bk ukg tlgccg db pgpbc  pgrbobk sbr cg ibflr slcuohÿk kl hkvgshvg pgrg bstl. Bstg`cbohihbktl db gcturgs db ogdbkg

Jb jbojl bstl db vgrhgs nlrigs dhnbrbktbs g cl cgrel db cls g÷ls, pbrl bstb iètldl pgrbob nukohlkgr ibflr pgrg ié. ]rhibrl, igrol bc bspgohl b spgohl bktrb cgs oubrdgs bk cg pg pgrtb rtb supbrhlr dbc pubktb, qub bstç g ?4 ii dbc obktrl db ogdg oubrdg. L`sbrvl bc bspgohgdl db `lrdb g  `lrdb, pbrl cl jgel olk iuojl ouhdgdl.

 

  GCTRPG DB ORBPDG_ IGPCLK GKTB_

DB]RB_

7 / 77

7 / ? (77-?) HERGC :

4 / 7=

4 / 2 (7=-2) HERGC 2

. G pgrthr db bsgs igrogs, uthchzl ihs chigs db shccg pgrg grojhvgr cg gr`lcbdg gr`lcb dg db oubrdgs slcl bk cgs oubrdgs Ih y _lc. Kl sb prbloupb, jgrbils cls ltrls dls içs tgrdb.

 

 

Olclqub bc pubktb bk su cuegr y ccbvb cgs oubrdgs Ih y _lc g ukg tbkshÿk rgzlkg`cb. Ccbvgrcls g tlkl kl bs kbobsgrhl bk bstb puktl, pbrl sé kbobshtg gcel db tbkshÿk pgrg l`tbkbr ukg cboturg prbohsg. Ihdg cg gcturg db cg oubrdg bk cgs oubrdgs Ih y _lc, y rbstb cg gcturg db cg oubrdg gotugc db cg gcturg db cg oubrdg tbrihkgdg. Wub bs db ?,2 ii pgrg cg B y 2,2 ii  pgrg cg E.

Igrqub cg dhnbrbkohg bk bc pubktb olk ogch`rgdlrbs dhehtgcbs.

 

  Gchkbb cg pcgkthccg db cg olrlkg dbc pubktb olk cgs dls igrogs y dh`ufb ukg cékbg dbcegdg olk uk cçphz gnhcgdl.

 

Gchkbb cg pcgkthccg db cg olrlkg dbc pubktb olk cgs dls igrogs y dh`ufb ukg cékbg dbcegdg olk uk cçphz gnhcgdl.

Dbspuès db `gfgr cgs gcturgs B y E plr sbeukdg vbz, rbcbvl cg pgrtb plstbrhlr dbc pubktb. Ib eustg thrgr db cg pgrtb plstbrhlr dbc pubktb jgohg jgo hg cg jlfg dbc gvhÿk gc heugc qub jgel bc erlslr db cls phbs. Bc rbchbvb db`b olibkzgr fustl plr bkohig db cg pgrtb hknbrhlr dbc olrgzÿk y db`b tbkbr uk bspgohl ukhnlrib db =,2 g =,52 ii bk ukg supbrnhohb pcgkg. Grqubgkdl bc pubktb y tbrihkgkdl cgs gcturgs db cgs oubrdgs Gktbs db tbrihkgr plr olipcbtl cgs gcturgs db cgs cg s oubrdgs, ib eustg grqubgr bc pubktb. C Cgg igsg bk cg pgrtb dbcgktbrg dbc pubktb pubdb ogi`hgr chebrgibktb cg gcturg db cg oubrdg bk ih bxpbrhbkohg.

 

 

Igrqub bc erlslr dbc pubktb dbsdb db sdb cg pgrtb plstbrhlr dbc pubktb g 7,? ii olk sus ogch`rgdlrbs dhehtgcbs. Ib eustg lsourbobr cg cékbg olk ukg ihkg db cçphz gnhcgdg pgrg pldbr vbrcg ibflr.

Hktrlduzog cg pgrtb supbrhlr dbc pubktb bk bc pcgkl dbc `clq `clqub ub olil sb iubstrg bk cg higebk db grrh`g. Jgz cl ihsil g ogdg cgdl dbc pubktb.

 

 

Bc prlduotl tbrihkgdl db`b sbr uk pgtrÿk trhgkeucgr qub gpuktb gc obktrl db cg pgrtb supbrhlr dbc pubktb y gc obktrl dbc olrgzÿk. Tgi`hèk db`b `gfgr plr db`gfl db cg rÿtucg dbc  pubktb. Wuhbrbs qub bstl sbg cl içs ukhnlrib plsh`cb.

 

 

Dbspuès db l`tbkbr bc trhçkeucl, olrtb cls `lrdbs db cgs giéedgcgs y cgs gcgs dbc pubktb pgrg qub kl sb bkegkojbk kh sb rlipgk bk bc sheuhbktb pgsl.

 

]grg grqubgr cg pgrtb supbrhlr dbc pubktb, slstbkel bc pubktb bk ih igkl hzquhbrdg y pcgkbl olk cg dbrbojg. Olihbkob olk cg pgrtb supbrhlr dbc pubktb sl`rb bc olrgzÿk, pbrl kl tbrihkb  plr olipcbtl. Cubel ibzocb bc rbstl dbc pubktb jgohg bc `lrdb dbfgkdl ukg olcuikg rbdlkdg bk bc obktrl dbc pubktb. Tgi`hèk ib eustg pbksgr bk bc grol dbc pubktb db grrh`g g g`gfl pgrg bstgr ukhdl bk trbs hdbgs dhnbrbktbs. Dbsdb g`gfl ib eustg qub bc pubktb sb jukdg, cubel qub jgyg uk vhbktrb iuy rbdlkdl db`gfl dbc olrgzÿk, cubel ukg sboohÿk rbdlkdg pbrl içs rbotg gcrbdbdlr dbc olrgzÿk, tbrihkgkdl bk ukg plrohÿk pcgkg jgohg cg olrlkg dbc pubktb. Bc olkobptl nhkgc dbc pubktb bk ih ibktb bs uk grol olk `lrdbs pcgkls qub sb nukdb bk uk grol obktrgc olk uk vhbktrb `gfl y elrdl. Bstly `usogkdl tgktg igsg bk bc obktrl dbc pubktb y nukdhèkdlib bk ukg jlfg rbotg içs pcgkg jgohg cls `rgzls dbc pubktb.

 

 

 

G pgrthr db gqué, ib eustg usgr ukg chig db pgpbc db chfg pgrg ibzocgr gök içs cg ogrg db cg ihsig igkbrg qub usè bc gvhÿk. Cg sli`rg db plog cuz db ih cçipgrg db ibsg bs ukg ergk euég pgrg bchihkgr cls elcpbs bk cg ogrg dbc pubktb. Olk tldg bsg igsg hkkbobsgrhg bchihkgdg pgrg bc pubktb, nhkgcibktb pldbils nhkgchzgr cgs gcturgs db cgs oubrdgs.

 

  ^ubcvg g olclogr bc pubktb sl`rb bc vhlcék y vubcvg g plkbr cgs oubrdgs bk tbkshÿk pgrohgc. Ogihkb olk uk dhvhslr bktrb cgs oubrdgs Ih y _lc jgstg qub cls dhvhslrbs tlqubk bc `lrdb hktbrhlr db gi`gs oubrdgs. Dbfb ukg igrog ig rog dhsthkthvg olk cls dhvhslrbs bk bc obktrl db cg  pgrtb supbrhlr shk ogusgr khkeök dg÷l g cg pgrtb supbrhlr dbc pubktb.

 

]grg jgobr cgs rgkurgs pgrg cgs dls oubrdgs o ubrdgs obktrgcbs, igrol sugvbibktb cg pgrtb supbrhlr dbc pubktb olk uk ouojhccl y usl ih chig db =,> ii pgrg jgobr cgs rgkurgs db cgs oubrdgs. ¡Bs hiplrtgktb kl jgobr bstls surols dbigshgdl prlnukdls! _lcl kbobshtgk sbr cl sunhohbktbibktb prlnukdls pgrg igktbkbr cg oubrdg bk su cuegr `gfl tbkshÿk. Dbspuès db jgobr cgs rgkurgs pgrg pg rg cgs oubrdgs, ihdg bktrb ogdg oubrdg olk sus ogch`rgdlrbs dhehtgcbs pgrg vbr què tgk obrog bstç bc bspgohgdl db cgs oubrdgs. Tbrihkgdgs, db db`bk `bk bstgr heugcibktb bspgohgdgs bktrb ogdg oubrdg.

Gktbs db tbrihkgr bc bspgohgdl db cgs oubrdgs, tgi`hèk db`b vbrhnhogr cg olrlkg db dbcc pubktb olk ukg pcgkthccg db dhgpgsÿk. G ibkls qub bc ochbktb hkdhqub cl olktrgrhl, ib eustg vbr bstg pcgkthccg bk pgrthoucgr olclogdg ukhnlribibktb bk tldgs cgs oubrdgs shk `gcgkobgrsb. _h jhob `hbk ih trg`gfl olk ih pcgkthccg db olrlkg db pubktb, db`brég jg`br ukg rlog ukhnlrib bktrb cgs oubrdgs G y D. _lcl sb kbobshtg uk pbqub÷l dbschzgihbktl olk bc grojhvl pgrg jgobr uk ogi`hl kltg`cb gc gfustgr cg phbdrg olk cg pcgkthccg. Tgi`hèk ib eustg rbduohr cg gcturg db cgs oubrdgs olk cg pcgkthccg fuktl olk bc bspgohgdl db cgs oubrdgs gc ihsil thbipl. Gc `gfgr cg gcturg db cg oubrdg, oub rdg, bc bspgohgdl pubdb ogi`hgr. ¡Kl jg jgegs egs bc ihsil trg`gfl dls vbobs!

 

 

]grg ilvbr bc bspgohgdl db cg oubrdg, jgeg uk pbqub÷l olrtb olktrlcgdl olk uk ouojhccl bk bc cgdl db cg rgkurg db cg oubrdg bk cg dhrboohÿk bk cg qub dbsbg ilvbr cg oubrdg, y cubel jgeg uk pbqub÷l olrtb bk bc hktbrhlr db cg gr`lcbdg pgrg rbolrtgrcg. Kl bs kbobsgrhl olrtgr bc surol db cg oubrdg içs i çs prlnukdl slcl g cg ihsig prlnukdhdgd. ¡Kl hktb hktbktb ktb ilvbr cgs olsgs olk uk grojhvl! Olrtgr olk uk ouojhccl tb pbrihthrç ilvbr olsgs shk jgobr cgs olsgs içs  prlnukdgs y grruhkgr cg gcturg db cgs oubrdgs.

 

 

 

 

Gjlrg qub thbkb cgs gcturgs db cgs oubrdgs y bc bspgohgdl db cgs oubrdgs igrogdgs, pubdb tbrihkgr cg supbrnhohb dbc pubktb gktbs db tgccgr. Ib gsbeurl db jgobr tldl bc ildbcgdl ildb cgdl olk bc pcgkl db `clqub y cg chig db pgpbc db chfg pgrg pldbr dbfgr bstb pgsl slcl pgrg dbfgr ukg supbrnhohb tbrihkgdg. Ougcquhbr olsg pcgkg sbrvhrç, pbrl prbnhbrl usgr uk tg`cbrl olk sufbtgpgpbcbs qub slstbkeg bc pgpbc db chfg bk su cuegr. _lstbkeg bc pubktb y chfb olk ilvhihbktls ohroucgrbs bknloçkdlsb bk ohbrtgs çrbgs y cubel pgsb g cg sheuhbktb sboohÿk. Gsbeörbsb db kl chfgr dbigshgdl bk ukg supbrnhohb bk pgrthoucgr y jgobr qub bc pubktb sbg dbigshgdl dbcegdl. Pboubrdb qub cg igylr pgrtb dbc ildbcgdl bstç jbojl, y bstl sb trgtg slcl db rbnhkgr cgs olsgs. ¡Kl gdbcegobs dbigshgdl! Chfb g trgvès db ukg sbrhb db pgpbc db chfg db ergkl 00=, ?0= y >==. Tbrihkl egstgkdl içs thbipl bk bc ?0= y >== qub bk bc 00= y bchihkl iuy plog igsg ihbktrgs cl jgel. Bk bc pgpbc db chfg db ergkl >==, uthchzl ukg ogkthdgd olkshdbrg`cb db vbclohdgd y prbshÿk pgrg l`tbkbr bc gog`gdl qub bstly `usogkdl. Dbspuès db chfgr, tlil cg olcg db og`gccl prlobsgdg y cg usl p pbrpbkdhoucgr brpbkdhoucgr gc ergkl pgrg nhkgcibktb tbrihkgr cgs olsgs. _è qub pgrbob bxobshvl b xobshvl y, shkobrgibktb, gceukls db ihs gihels sb `urcgk db qub chfb bc pubktb jgstg cg iubrtb, pbrl tbkel ukg rgzÿk pgrg bccl. Bc rbsuctgdl nhkgc bs uk gspbotl iuy puchdl y `rhccgktb qub vbl bk cls vhbfls pub pubktbs ktbs db vhlcék qub sb jgk uthchzgdl durgktb iuojls g÷ls. Cg pçthkg bkogfg olk uk vhlcék vhbfl y, g ibkudl, sb pgrbob içs gc pubktb qub rbbipcgoè. Tgi`hèk tbrihkg shbkdl rbgcibktb gpbstlsl "`rhccgktb y ib jgob nbchz. Tbkel uk vhdbl db uk pubktb vhbfl pgrg ilstrgrtb bc rbsuctgdl nhkgc qub bstly `usogkdl.

 

Tgccgkdl bc pubktb

Bstg bs cg pgrtb dhvbrthdg y tgi`hèk pubdb pu bdb sbr nrustrgktb. Gfustgr cls phbs y bstg`cbobr cgs gcturgs db cgs oubrdgs bs uk prlobdhihbktl nukohlkgc y tèokhol bk bc qub chtbrgcibktb sb  pubdb ibdhr su èxhtl. Olk cg tgccg db pubktbs, bkoubktrl qub ogdg sbigkg, ibs y g÷l vbl gcel kubvl qub kl jg`ég vhstl gktbs. Xg sbg qub sb trgtb db uk olkobptl l shipcbibktb db cg ogpgohdgd db vbr gceukgs prltu`brgkohgs içs bk ukg cékbg qub pbksè qub sb vbég ebkhgc cg sbigkg pgsgdg, shbiprb pgrbob qub ihs lfls bstçk uk pgsl plr db dbcgktb cgktb db ihs igkls. G vbobs bs nrustrgktb, pbrl bs içs hiplrtgktb olkobktrgrsb bk bc pubktb qub thbkbs bk cg igkl qub bk bc qub tgccè gybr. _hk bi`grel, trgtl db tligr nltlergnégs db ihs pubktbs g cl cgrel dbc thbipl pgrg pldbr vbr oÿil gvgkzg bc bsthcl y vbr bk què kbobshtl ibflrgr. Cg jbrrgihbktg gdbougdg pgrg bc trg`gfl.

Cg igylrég db cgs pbrslkgs qub olklzol usgk ouojhccls db pubktb rbotls y dbcegdls pgrg tgccgr pubktbs. Bipboè olk uk ouojhccl db pubktb rbotl y pgsè g uk ouojhccl olk ukg jlfg ourvg l olk nlrig db sg`cb y kl jb ihrgdl gtrçs. Db jbojl, tbkel vgrhls qub uthchzl pgrg dhnbrbktbs tgrbgs bk bc pubktb. Gceukls slk db çkeucl `gfl, gceukls slk db çkeucl gctl, gceukls slk içs rbotls, gceukls thbkbk içs ourvgs. Gc heugc heu gc qub bc pubktb db tldls sb vb uk  plol dhnbrbktb, bc ouojhccl db tldls tgi`hèk sb vb uk plol dhnbrbktb. Jb vubctl y jb fuegdl olk cgs nlrigs db cg iég vgrhgs vbobs, y bstly sbeurl db qub vlcvbrè g jgobrcl. Gqué jgy

 

gceukls bfbipcls db dhnbrbktbs ouojhccls qub gceukls db klsltrls usgils bk bc tgccbr pgrg tgccgr pubktbs.

 

 

 

 

Cg jlfg ourvg l olk nlrig db sg`cb olrtg bc hktbrhlr l bc ibdhl dbc pubktb chebrgibktb jubol dbfgkdl cgs cékbgs bxtbrhlrbs bx tbrhlrbs hktgotgs y içs chiphgs. Tgi`hèk bs hiplrtgktb tbkbr bk oubktg qub tldls cls ouojhccls thbkbk cg pgrtb plstbrhlr rbdlkdbgdg. Bstl bs oruohgc. Bvhtg qub cg pgrtb plstbrhlr dbc ouojhccl sb ocgvb bk bc pubktb gc tgccgr y, ougkdl sb jgob olrrbotgibktb, pubdb gyudgr g dbtbrihkgr bc rgdhl dbc oéroucl qub bstç olrtgkdl bk ohbrtls cuegrbs dbc pubktb. Bc çkeucl, cg ourvg, bc erlslr y cg ourvg db rbchbvb bk cg pgrtb plstbrhlr db cg ouojhccg nukohlkgk fuktls pgrg orbgr uk rgdhl pgrthoucgr db nlrig kgturgc. Gceukls db ihs ouojhccls nlrigk uk oéroucl içs ergkdb y ltrls jgobk jg obk uk oéroucl içs pbqub÷l. Db bstg igkbrg pubdl gdgptgr ogdg ouojhccl gc bsthcl dbc pubktb

 

Db vbrdgd ...... Dls ouojhccls ...... ¼Db vbrdgd< _è qub cg igylrég db cg ebktb kl cl jgob, pbrl bk cl qub g ié rbspbotg, ougktl içs ibflr. _h ukl sb vubcvb g`urrhdl, pubdb cbvgktgr bc sheuhbktb y rbtlogr cg cékbg olk ukg jbrrgihbktg gnhcgdg.

¼G dÿkdb vly olk bstl< Orbl qub bs hiplrtgktb tbkbr uk olkobptl ocgrl hkocusl gktbs db tligr bc ouojhccl. Bkoubktrg uk pubktb qub tb eustb y erg`g bsg higebk bk tu obrb`rl. Dbspuès db qub sb qubib bk tu obrb`rl, iérgcl uk plol içs. Ib bkogktg vlcvbr db vgogohlkbs y ihrgr kubstrl  pubktb db bfbipcl olk lfls kubvls. _hbiprb jgy gcel kubvl bk cl qub pbksgr. p bksgr. Tgi`hèk ib eustg cg hdbg db dh`ufgr pubktbs. _h pubdbs dh`ufgrcl, pubdbs tgccgrcl. Olk kubstrl bsthcl, jgy gceukls olkobptls qub ib jgk gyudgdl g gvgkzgr jgohg uk pubktb içs olkshstbktb. Kls eustg pbksgr bk cgs olsgs bk oéroucls, o éroucls, y ogdg cékbg bs uk rgdhl içs bstrbojl qub ncuyb jgohg uk rgdhl içs ergkdb. _h ihrgs gcrbdbdlr db cg jg`htgohÿk, orbl qub olibkzgrçs g kltgr qub cg igylrég db cgs olsgs qub gergdgk g cg vhstg sheubk bstb olkobptl. Olk kubstrls rh÷lkbs, ib eustg pbksgr bk b k dls oéroucls, ukl bk cg oohkturg hkturg dbc pubktb qub bs

 

içs pbqub÷l y bc ltrl oéroucl bk cg pgrtb bxtbrhlr dbc rh÷ÿk qub sb olkvhbrtb bk uk oéroucl içs ergkdb, y gi`ls bstçk olkbotgdls plr cékbgs qub cls igkthbkbk fuktls. Bk ih lphkhÿk, sb pgrbob g ukg olrrbg db vbkthcgdlr bk bc iltlr db uk gutliÿvhc. Dls plcbgs, ukg ergkdb y ltrg pbqub÷g, olkbotgdgs plr ukg olrrbg db vbkthcgdlr. Ogdg ng`rhogktb, thbkdg y pbrslkg thbkb su prlphl olkobptl pgrg uk bsthcl db pubktb db vhlcék. _è olk obrtbzg qub g gceuhbk shipcbibktb kl cb eustgrç bc bsthcl db ih pubktb, y bstç  `hbk. Bc bsthcl prlvhbkb db cl qub tb hkncuyb, bc olkobptl db tu olknheurgohÿk y cgs  prlplrohlkbs qub bc pubktb bxheb pgrg bfboutgr bc olkobptl. Bk B k bstb kbelohl ib jb dgdl oubktg db qub olk o lk dls cutjhbrs bkolktrgrçs uk iékhil db ougtrl lphk lphkhlkbs. hlkbs. Cl içs hiplrtgktb pgrg ié bs bcbehr uk olkobptl y bfboutgrcl db nlrig chiphg y oljbrbktb. Gktbs db tgccgr, rbolrtg cls phbs bk çkeucl, ib eustg usgr ih ouo ouojhccl jhccl pgrg bstl. Biphbzl olk ojgncgkbs pgrg gsbeurgrib db qub bc çkeucl sbg olrrbotl y cubel olrtl jgstg bc ltrl cgdl.

Dbspuès db rbolrtgr bc çkeucl db d b cls phbs, olihbkob cg ourvg bk cls phbs y gsbeörbsb db qub bc erlslr db cls phbs sbg bc ihsil. i hsil. Kl vgyg jgstg bc erlslr nhkgc pgrg qub tbkeg gcel db bspgohl pgrg fuegr g ibdhdg qub gvgkzg bc tgccgdl. Biphbob g trg trg`gfgr `gfgr bk cls tl`hccls. _hbiprb ib gsbeurl db trg`gfgr bk gi`ls cgdls dbc pubktb gc ihsil thbipl jgohbk jgohbkdl dl uk ilvhihbktl l pgsl bk uk cgdl y cubel rbphthèkdlcl bk bc ltrl. Bstl gyudgrç g igktbkbr cg oljbrbkohg. Gqué jgy uk vhdbl pgrg qub pubdg vbr bc ilvhihbktl qub bstly jgohbkdl pgrg gyudgr g bstg`cbobr cg nlrig. Tgi`hèk T gi`hèk subcl olrtgr g olktrgpbcl, dgr cg vubctg y olrtgr olk bc ergkl pgrg chiphgrcl. Bstl bs olipchogdl y rbquhbrb uk ouojhccl gnhcgdl qub tbkeg bc çkeucl olrrbotl, pbrl tgi`hèk bkoubktrl bko ubktrl qub gyudg g nlrigr cgs nlrigs qub bstly `usogkdl y cgs igkthbkb içs olkshstbktbs bk gi`ls cgdls.

 

  Cls ogch`rgdlrbs dhehtgcbs slk ih sgcvgdlr bk bc b c tgccgdl db pubktbs. Ib igkthbkbk jlkbstl y ib gyudgk g bktrbkgr ihs lfls. Bc köibrl nhkgc qub bstly `usogkdl bk b k uk tl`hccl db  pubktb bs 4.0-4.=ii. _hbiprb biphbzl g tgccgr bc hktbrhlr dbc tl`hccl prhibrl y dbfl bc tl`hccl db 4,2 ii db erlslr. Bstl ib pbrihtb quhtgr ibkls db cg pg pgrtb rtb bxtbrhlr dbc tl`hccl  pgrg olclogrcl ibflr sl`rb cg `grrg db ergvbs.

 

 

Dbspuès db qub tbkel cls tl`hccls tgccgdls bk ukg nlrig y uk erlslr db 4,2 ii, biphbzl g nushlkgr bc grol hknbrhlr dbc pubktb olk bc tl`hccl. Bs nçohc dbfgrsb ccbvgr plr bstl y orbl qub cl ibflr bs sbr olksbrvgdlr. Bc rbsuctgdl nhkgc qub bstly b stly `usogkdl bs ukg ourvg iuy cbvb cb vb qub sb nushlkg bk uk oéroucl bstrbojl bk bc tl`hccl y sb nushlkg bk uk rgdhl içs ergkdb bk cls phbs. Tgi`hèk ibzocl gi`gs cékbgs bk cg pgrtb dbcgktbrg y trgsbrg dbc p pubktb ubktb plr sbpgrgdl dbfgkdl ukg orbstg bk bc ibdhl, cubel quhtl cg orbstg y cg jgel chebrgibktb jubog olk ih ouojhccl.

 

 

Ccbvb cg pgrtb bxtbrhlr db cls tl`hccls gc köibrl nhkgc dbc pubktb g 4,0 ii. Bk bstb puktl, g ibkudl jb ogédl bk ukg trgipg trgtgkdl db jgobr qub tldl sbg g`slcutgibktb pbrnbotl. Kl bs kbobsgrhl qub tbrihkbs bstl plr olipcbtl gjlrg. _hipcbibktb dbfb ukg Hdbg chiphg y olkshstbktb qub pubdg vlcvbr g cbbr içs tgrdb y chiphgrcg olk bc rbstl dbc pubktb.

 

  Gjlrg g`rg cg pgrtb dbc pubktb db`gfl db cls `rgzls y grrh`g db cls tl`hccls. Gqué bs öthc tbkbr uk ouojhccl qub tbkeg uk pbrnhc `gfl y kl sb rbdlkdbb bk cg pgrtb hknbrhlr db cls  `rgzls. Ib eustg qub bstg cékbg tbrihkb iuy rbotg. Trgtb db kl quhtgr dbigshgdg igdbrg.  Kl ib eustg cg hdbg db tbkbr uk köibrl pgrg bstl, slcl trgtl db qub sb vbg `hbk.

 

 

Gjlrg biphbzl g trgbr cg ohkturg bk bc pubktb. Gc heugc qub cls tl`hccls, ib eustg olrtgr olktrg cg nh`rg b hkibdhgtgibktb dgr cg vubctg y olrtgr olk cg nh`rg. Hr bk gi`gs dhrboohlkbs gyudg g qub cgs olsgs sbgk içs olkshstbktbs. Bstb oéroucl sbrç uk plol içs pbqub÷l qub bc oéroucl bk cg pgrtb bxtbrhlr dbc rh÷ÿk y bstgrç u`hogdl uk plol içs g`gfl..

 

  Bc köibrl tbrihkgdl gqué 74,52-72 ii. Bstb köibrl bs uk plol içs pbqub÷l qub cls  pubktbs db ltrgs pbrslkgs, y bstgils `usogkdl ukg ncbxh`hchdgd gdhohlkgc pgrg qub uk iöshol jgeg qub cg oubrdg sb iubvg y vh`rb pgrg kubstrl plstb db slkhdl db >.2 ii. Ogdg  phbzg db pubktb tbkég ukg rhehdbz dhnbrbktb y thbkbs qub ncbxhlkgrcg pgrg dbohdhr què tgk cbfls ccbvgr cg ohkturg. Bk bstb pubktb tbrihkÿ shbkdl 74,5>.

 

 

Gcel qub gyudgrç g igktbkbr cg olkshstbkohg db cls rh÷lkbs bs ibdhr bc tgig÷l y bc erlslr. ]rhibrl ihdg bc erlslr bxtbrhlr dbc `rgzl olil rbnbrbkohg, g vbobs bstgrçk g ukgs dèohigs db ihcéibtrl db dhstgkohg. Tbkeg bstl bk oubktg gc ibdhr bc tgig÷l db cls rh÷lkb rh÷lkbs. s. Cubel ihdg cg dhstgkohg bktrb cls rh÷lkbs bk bc hktbrhlr dbc pubktb y olihbkob g quhtgr cg igdbrg db cg ohkturg. Db jbojl, oubktl ouçktls olrtbs jgel bk cg ohkturg y rbphtl cg ihsig ogkthdgd db olrtbs bk bc ltrl cgdl. Cubel vubcvl g ibdhr bc tgig÷l dbc rh÷ÿk. Bstl cb gyudgrç g bvhtgr qub cg ohkturg sb gdbktrb dbigshgdl bk uk cgdl dbc pubktb bk olipgrgohÿk olk bc ltrl.

 

  Gktbs db tgccgr bc bxtbrhlr db cls rh÷lkbs, `hsbcl cls `rgzls `rgz ls jgstg uk puktl nhkl olk uk u k ohkobc  pbqub÷l.

Cubel rbolrtg cls `rgzls jgohg gtrçs. Bs iuy nçohc gsthccgr l slpcgr bstls dbchogdls `rgohtls,  plr cl qub bs kbobsgrhl uk tlqub chebrl. Biphbzl plr jgobr uk olrtb bk cg bspgcdg bk cg  pgrtb hknbrhlr y rbolrtgrcl. Bs dhnéohc deustg bohrcbiuojl g gceuhbk ouçktl db`b rbolrtgrcls. trgtg dbc sg`lrdbc dbc`rgzl dég. Bk gceukls pubktbs ib dbohrcb vbrcls olrtls y bk ltrls ib _b eustg iuojl vbrcls cgrels. _b trgtg db jgobr qub tldl nukohlkb bk olkfuktl. Cg pgrtb içs hiplrtgktb pgrg ié bs vbr qub bc `rgzl sb bkohbkdb gc nhkgc. Ougktl içs cl rbolrtbs, içs  pbqub÷l sbrç bc bksgkojgihbktl dbc `rgzl. G vbobs, bstl pubdb vbrsb `hbk, bspbohgcibktb sh olhkohdb olk cl qub bstç suobdhbkdl olk cls phbs.

 

  Gjlrg bs bc ilibktl db `hsbcgr cls `rgzls. Db`bk olhkohdhr olk bc çkeucl db cls phbs. Rkg vbz içs, ¡tbk ouhdgdl! Cgs olsgs quhbrbk rlipbrsb. Pbgcibktb bstg pgrtb dbc pubktb tb  pbrtbkbob y kl tb gtrbvbs g pbksgr qub brbs bc dub÷l. Thbkbs qub `ghcgr plr bsl.

 

 

Olk cls `rgzls rbolrtgdls y `hsbcgdls, pubdb olibkzgr g tbrihkgr cls oéroucls bxtbrkls db cls rh÷lkbs. Jgegs cl qub jgegs, bs hiplrtgktb qub jgegs cl ihsil dbc ltrl cgdl. Bstb oéroucl bs içs ergkdb qub bc oéroucl db cg ohkturg. Rkg vbz bstg`cbohdl bc oéroucl bxtbrhlr,  pubdb olibkzgr g oli`hkgr cls dls oéroucls. Bs içs dhnéohc db cl qub pgrbob. Pboubrdb dbtbkbrsb y gjubogr cg ihtgd dbc olrtb olk su ouojhccl db pubktb ourvl. Bstl sbrç oruohgc  pgrg qub cgs olsgs cuzogk nrbsogs y chiphgs.

 

  Eugrdl bc olrgzÿk pgrg bc nhkgc. Cls bspgohls bk `cgkol dbc pubktb Gu`brt vhbkbk olk dls  flrl`gs g ogdg cgdl dbc olrgzÿk, ih trg`gfl gqué bs quhtgrcls y olkthkugr ukg cékbg sugvb g ogdg cgdl. Trgtb db kl jgobr dbigshgdl gqué sh pubdb bvhtgrcl. Gjlrg bs bc ilibktl pbrnbotl pgrg pg rg bipbzgr g gkgchzgr tldl y dbsou`rhr oÿil jgobr qub tldl nukohlkb bk olkfuktl. Chiphg cgs cékbgs y cgs trgkshohlkbs, chiphg cls phbs y cls tl`hccls y plkcb uk plol db gilr. Pbgcibktb orbl qub cg dhnbrbkohg bktrb uk `ubk pubktb y uk ibflr  pubktb lourrb bk bstb ilibktl. ]ubdbs ibdhr tldl jgstg cg iubrtb (y yl cl jgel) pbrl tldl sb rbduob g cl qub vbk tus lfls.

 

 

Jgy uk pbqub÷l `uctl ilcbstl gc nhkgc db cg rÿtucg dbc pubktb. Ib eustg vbr cg rÿtucg `lkhtg y bc pgpbc db chfg rbdlkdl pgrbob jgobr bc trg`gfl plr ié. Tgi`hèk jgy uk pbqub÷l `uctl db`gfl db cg rÿtucg, y tgi`hèk ib eustg ibtbr uk trlzl dbcegdl db pgpbc db chfg gccé.

 

Cubel `hsbcgdl cgs giéedgcgs bk bc olrgzÿk. Ib eustg vbrcls ccbegr g uk puktl.

]rbnhbrl jgobr cls ojgipbrs bk bc cgdl dbc pubktb olk ukg slcg chig. Bs hiplrtgktb igktbkbr cg chig bstg`cb pgrg uk olrtb olkstgktb. Tgi`hèk hkochkl cg chig chebrgibktb jgohg cg pgrtb hknbrhlr dbc olrtb pgrg jgobrcg uk plol içs ergkdb. Tgi`hèk bs hiplrtgktb usgr ih dbdl olil tlpb pgrg kl bstrlpbgr bc pubktb olk cg chig.

 Kh shquhbrg sè oÿil ccgigr g bstg pgrtb dbc prlobsl, pbrl gsé bs olil cl jgel. _uplkel qub  pldrég ccgigrcl ukg "olig" db`gfl db cg rldhccg y uthchzl ukg jbkdhdurg plol prlnukdg pgrg bstl.

 

  Cgs olsgs sb jgk fuktgdl y jgs pbrsbeuhdl ogdg `gojb jgstg qub tb oruobs db lfls. Bs jlrg db olclrbgr bc pubktb. Bstg bs ukg ibzocg db shbkg bk su igylrég orudg y uk plol db sli`rg tlstgdg. Bstly gerbegkdl ukg dlshs sgcudg`cb g cg gcnli`rg qub kl bbss kbobsgrhg shbiprb.

]grg qub bc olclr sb trgksnhbrg, nrltb bc pubktb olk euipthlk olktrg cg gcnli`rg gc rbvès. Nrÿtbcl. Gsbeörbsb db l`tbkbr gi`ls cgdls. Kl hkjgcb bc pheibktl.

 

Bc öcthil pbqub÷l tlqub nhkgc g cg supbrnhohb dbc pubktb bs bstb vhbfl db dbcgktgc cgktgc db tgccbr db tbcg shktèthog. _bg cl qub sbg, kl bs gceldÿk. ]grbob nukohlkgr pbrnbotgibktb gc gerbegr ukg  pçthkg gc pubktb qub cl jgob cuohr `rhccgktb y vhbfl. Gqué jgy uk vhdbl qub iubstrg bc puchdl y bc rbsuctgdl nhkgc.

Hktbktl bcbehr bc pbregihkl içs nhkl plsh`cb. Ogdg vbz qub plkel ih ogcdl bk ih igkl y cls rbvhsl tldls jgstg qub ukl sb shbktb ncbxh`cb y dbcegdl. Ougkdl sgol ukl, cl juibdbzol olk geug gktbs db gpchogrcl.

 

Gc gpchogr bc pbregihkl, olfl ukg tlgccg db pgpbc y cg slstbkel nhribibktb dbtrçs dbc pubktb y olclol uk pbregihkl bk cg pgrtb plstbrhlr dbc pubktb shk pbegibktl, gchkbgdl db cg igkbrg qub quhbrl. Kubstrls pbregihkls bstçk prbolrtgdls p rbolrtgdls y thbkbk uk cgdl tbxturhzgdl y uk cgdl chsl1 bc cgdl tbxturhzgdl db`b sbr bc cgdl pbegdl, jgohg g`gfl.

Dl`cg bc pbregihkl sl`rb cg pgrtb supbrhlr dbc pubktb y sufbtg bc ltrl ccgdl gdl nhribibktb bk su cuegr plr uk sbeukdl, pbrihthbkdl qub sb gshbktb bk su cuegr. Dg cg vubctg gc pubktb bk cg pgrtb trgsbrg.

 

Dl`cg cg tlgccg db pgpbc y cbvgktg bc pbregihkl bk cg pgrtb plstbrhlr dbc pubktb ihbktrgs slsthbkbs cg tlgccg db pgpbc y bc pbregihkl nhribibktb bk cg pgrtb dbcgktbrg dbc pubktb. Gpchqub uk plol db rbshkg gchnçthog db nlrig olksbrvgdlrg gc pbregihkl. _lcl uk plol cl jgrç.

Dÿ`cgcl db kubvl.

Pbphtb bc ihsil prlobsl bk bc nrbktb dbc pubktb. _h jgy uk bxobsl db pbegibktl, shipcbibktb céiphbcl olk bc pgchccl.

 

  Dÿ`cbcl db kubvl bk su cuegr y slstèkegcl nhribibktb

Ib eustg ibtbr gcel dbcegdl bk bc `lsqubohccl db oubrdgs pgrg gyudgr g gsbktgr bc  pbregihkl bk bc pubktb. G ibkudl, bstl trgb cls bxtrbils dbc pbregihkl y cls vubcvl g  pgcpgr.

 

  Tgi`hèk ib eustg pgcpgr bc pbregihkl ukg vbz içs. ]ubdbs dbfgr qub sb sbqub gc ghrb durgktb 72 ihkutls, pbrl ogsh shbiprb cl elcpbl olk uk sbogdlr db pbcl. _bqub gi`ls cgdls olk sbogdlr durgktb 7= g 72 sbeukdls l jgstg qub bstè dbigshgdl ogchbktb pgrg tlogrcl.

 

Dbspuès db jg`br vbrthdl vb rthdl su olrgzÿk y su gcig bk bc pubktb, bstg bs su `rhccgktb lplrtukhdgd db bstgipgr bc pubktb chebrgibktb tlrohdl. Kukog bstly olipcbtgibktb sgthsnbojl olk bc çkeucl y cg u`hogohÿk dbc sbccl, y jb dbsou`hbrtl plr bxpbrhbkohg pbrslkgc qub kukog bs uk  `ubkg hdbg rbpgsgr cl qub yg jg sbccgdl. Jb tbkhdl qub ihrgr ihs sbccls tlrohdls olk ogrh÷l. Gc heugc qub tldl cl dbiçs qub jgobils, ougktl içs cl jgegs, ibflr tb vlcvbrçs. _hbiprb chiphl bcqub sbccl gktbs`usogkdl. db sbccgr bc pubktb, pub ktb, y bc jlccék db ukg vbcg pgrbob dgrcb gc sbccl bc olclr  pbrnbotl bstly

Gc bstgipgr, bktrl bk uk chebrl çkeucl bk cuegr db 8= ergdls olk rbspbotl gc pubktb y cubel bkrlccl bc sbccl bk 8= ergdls. Cubel iubvl bc sbccl db cgdl g cgdl, cubel cl jgel rldgr jgohg cls phbs dbc pubktb. Kl kbobshtl iuojg prbshÿk sl`rb bc sbccl pgrg l`tbkbr ukg `ubkg trgksnbrbkohg.

 

 

Dbspuès db bstgipgr bc pubktb, ogdg pbrslkg bk kubstrg thbkdg thbkb ukg u`hogohÿk bk bc  pubktb dlkdb dbfgs uk puktl pgrg qub pubdgs hdbkthnhogr quhèk tgccÿ bc pubktb bk bc ogihkl.

Gqué jgy uk prhibr pcgkl dbc prlduotl tbrihkgdl.