Curso de Noções Básicas Tubulação Industrial

 

@WRPE HG MEÁ×GP BÉPO@IP HG XWBWCIÁÀE OMHWPXROIC

 

Co`urae Ertcogb Niroi 9

 

@WRPE HG MEÁ×GP BÉPO@IP HG XWBWCIÁÀE OMHWPXROIC4 9 ‐ Meá÷gs béso`is sebrg Zredgte hg Xubuciá÷gs. 9.i ‐ E qug ï ul Zredgte hg Xubuciá÷gs4 Meá÷gs, Wtocohihgs, gt`. W   l Zredgte hg Xubuciá÷gs hgstomi-sg prom`opiclgmtg prom`opiclgmtg ie trimspertg hg ncuohes, sgdil gcgs cìquohes, aiseses, litgroios pisteses eu ncuohes `el sðcohes gl suspgmsàe. Wl predgte hg tubuciá÷gs gmvecvg gcglgmtes `ele tubes, vécvucis, belbis, rgsgrvitðroes piri cìquohes, gmtrg eutres gquopilgmtes. Gm`emtril-sg tubuciá÷gs ipco`ihis glsgdil tehesituimhe es mìvgos, sgdi rgsohgm`oic, `elgr`oic `elgr`o eu omhustroic, qug ïmes e messe gmnequg 4 Xubuciá÷gs Omhustroios, horgtilgmtg me pre`gsse, euic`ele `eihduvimtgs pre`gsses (utocohihgs). @emvïl rgssictir i olpertâm`oi hes tubes mi omhôstroi, sgmhe hes gquopilgmtes hg use lios agmgricozihe. E vicer hi tubuciáàe rgprgsgmti, gl lïhoi, 7:% i 1:% he vicer hg tehes es gquopilgmtes hg uli omhôstroi hg  pre`gssilgmte, 97% 97% i 2:% he `uste tetic hi omsticiáàe. omsticiáàe. 9.b ‐ Zredgte hg Xubuciá÷gs4 @cissono`iáàe his tubuciá÷gs omhustroios. G   xostg uli olgmsi viroghihg hg `ises hg glprgae hg tubuciá÷gs mi omhôstroi. Zehgles `cissono`ir is tubuciá÷gs omhustroios mis sgauomtgs `cissgs prom`opios hg glprgae4 - Xubuciá÷gs hg pre`gsse - Xubuciá÷gs hg utocohihgs - Xubuciá÷gs hg omstrulgmtiáàe - Xubuciá÷gs hg trimslossàe fohréuco`i - Xubuciá÷gs hg hrgmiagl s  àe itovohihg is tubuciá÷gs he ncuohe eu hes ncuohes qug `emstotugl ieu nomicohihg béso`ihghi Xubuciá÷gs pre`gsse`udi omhôstroi, mishg omhôstrois prom`opic ï e pre`gssilgmte, i irlizgmiagl i hostrobuoáàe ncuohes. Xios sàe, per gxglpce, is tubuciá÷gs hg ðcges gl rgnomirois, tgrlomios g omsticiá÷gs hg irlizgmiagl eu hostrobuoáàe hg prehutes hg pgtrðcge, tubuciá÷gs hg viper gl `gmtrios tgrlgcïtro`is, tubuciá÷gs hg prehutes quìlo`es gl omhôstrois quìlo`is gt`. Xubuciá÷gs hg utocohihgss  àe is tubuciá÷gs hg ncuohes iuxocoirgs mis omhôstrois `udi itovohihg prom`opic ï e  pre`gssilgmte, i irlizgmiagl irlizgmiagl eu i hostrobuoáàe hostrobuoáàe hg ncuohes, ncuohes, g tilbïl is tubuciá÷gs tubuciá÷gs gl agric gl tehis is omhôstrois qug sg hgho`il i eutris itovohihgs. Is tubuciá÷gs hg utocohihgs pehgl sgrvor màe sð ie num`oemilgmte hi omhôstroi preproilgmtg hoti (sostglis hg rgnroagriáàe, iqug`olgmte, viper piri i`oemilgmte hg léquomis gt`.), `ele tilbïl i eutris nomicohihgs merlios eu gvgmtuios, tios `ele4 limutgmáàe, colpgzi, `elbitg i om`ämhoe gt`. @estulil `emstotuor tubuciá÷gs hg utocohihgs is rghgs hg éaui he`g, éaui sicaihi, viper, `emhgmsihe g ir `elprolohe, mis omhôstrois gl agric. Xubuciá÷gs hg omstrulgmtiáàes  àe is tubuciá÷gs piri i trimslossàe hg somios hg ir `elprolohe piri is vécvucis hg `emtrecg g omstrulgmtes iuteléto`es, g tilbïl is pgqugmis tubuciá÷gs, hg ncuohes hovgrses, piri es omstrulgmtes iuteléto`es. Is tubuciá÷gs hg omstrulgmtiáàe màe sàe hgstomihis ie trimspertg hg ncuohes. Xubuciá÷gs hg trimslossàe fohréuco`i, qug tilbïl màe sg hgstomil ie trimspertg hg ncuohes, sàe is tubuciá÷gs hg cìquohes seb prgssàe piri es `elimhes g sgrvelg`imosles fohréuco`es. Hgvg sgr ebsgrvihe qug, gl quicqugr `ise, es tubes qug nizgl pirtg omtgarimtg hg gquopilgmtes g léquomis (`ichgoris, nermes,  pgrlutihergs hg `icer, `icer, letergs gt`.), gt`.), màe sàe mum`i mum`i `emsohgrihes `ele `ele pgrtgm`gmtgs ês rghgs rghgs hg tubuciáàe. tubuciá÷gs hg hrgmiagls  àe is rghgs gm`irrgaihis hg `ecgtir g `emhuzor ie hgstome `emvgmogmtg es hovgrses gncugmtgs ncuohes hg uli omsticiáàe omhustroic. Zrgngroles, mgssi `cissono`iáàe, màe om`cuì-cis `ele tubuciá÷gs hg utocohihgs, per `iusi hi `iri`tgrìsto`i `iri`tgrìsto`i pg`ucoir i quisg tehis is tubuciá÷gs hg hrgmiagl, hg tribicfirgl sgl prgssàe g `el ncuohes luote viroihes g nrgqógmtglgmtg lic hgnomohes. Z  iri quiosqugr `cissgs hg tubuciá÷gs hgmtre hes colotgs hg uli omsticiáàe omhustroic hgvgles hostomauor  sglprg heos `ises agrios4 −Xubuciá÷gs Xubuciá÷gs me omtgroer his érgis hg tribicfe eu hg pre`gssilgmte hg ncuohes (tubuciá÷gs gl umohihgs hg  pre`gsse). −Xubuciá÷gs Xubuciá÷gs hg omtgrcoaiáàe, oste ï, is comfis gxtgrmis ês érgis hg pre`gsse, coaimhe gssis érgis gmtrg so. I   hostomáàe gmtrg gssgs heos arupes agrios ï olpertimtg perqug gl luotes `ises, piri ul lgsle sgrvoáe, sàe `elpcgtilgmtg hongrgmtgs, es `rotïroes hg triáihe g irrimde his tubuciá÷gs, topes hg supertgs, g e ariu hg sgaurimái mg`gsséroe.

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9.` ‐ Zredgte hg Xubuciá÷gs4 Ohgmtono`iáàe hg tubuciá÷gs, gquopilgmtes, omstrulgmtes, omstrulgmtes, gt`. I   ohgmtono`iáàe hg tubuciá÷gs g gt`., ï olpertimtg timte piri e `emtrecg he pre`gsse quimte piri limutgmáàe g colpgzi. Ziri gssg nol, utocozil-sg –tia¸s“, qug sàe ohgmtono`iá÷gs qug pgrlotgl i ohgmtono`iáàe hes gcglgmtes mul pre`gsse, bgl `ele e `emtrecg hg limutgmáàe hgssgs gcglmgtes. Wl –tia“ agriclgmtg `emtïl is sgauomtgs omnerliá÷gs4 -  tope hg ncuohe `emhuzohe, -  hoâlgtre he tube `emhuter,  

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`cissg hg prgssàe, tglpgrituri he ncuohe, gspg`ono`iáàe tï`mo`i hes litgroios glprgaihes piri iqugcg ncuohe, tope hg coaiáàe ihetihi,  pre`gsse ie quic gsté gsté `emg`tihe, gt`.

2 ‐ Zredgte hg Xubuciá÷gs ‐ Iprgsgmtiáàe hg predgtes. E   predgte, biso`ilgmtg, sg hovohg gl huis nisgs béso`is4 @ecgti hg hihes g Gciberiáàe. @   ecgti hg hihes4 Ï i bus`i hg omnerliá÷gs sebrg i tepearinoi he tgrrgme emhg sg vio tribicfir, ebris Gxostgmtgs sebrg i tgrri g per bioxe hgci, pemtes hg pessìvgos omtgrngräm`ois, omtgrngräm`ois, gt`. Osse ï `emsgauohe itrivïs hg hgsgmfes gxostgmtgs, rgcitðroes, `requos g cgvimtilgmtes me ce`ic hi ebri. Gciberiáàe4 Ï i pirtg hg gxg`uáàe he predgte preproilgmtg hote. I gciberiáàe sg `elp÷g, agriclgmtg, hg 0 nisgs4 - Hgsgmfe @em`gotuic ( I ohïoi he predgte). - Hgsgmfe Béso`e ( Ce`iáàe hg gquopilgmtes, Lglðroi hg `éc`uce, triáihe béso`e he predgte, omtgrngräm`ois i rglevgr, gt`.). - Hgsgmfe Hgticfihe ( Hgticfgs gspg`ìno`es, supertgs, holgmsoemilgmtes, holgmsoemilgmtes, costi hg litgroic, gt`.). 2.i ‐ Zredgtes @em`gotuic, Béso`e g Hgticfihe.  Zredgte @em`gotuic4 Zredgte omo`oic, utocozihe piri gstuhes omo`oios hg olpcimtiáàe hg uli ebri. Ï utocozihe  piri gstuhir i voibocohihg voibocohihg hg olpcimtiáàe olpcimtiáàe he glprggmholgmte glprggmholgmte gl so. Mgsti nisg ï gstuhihi, gstuhihi, gl `irétgr  `irétgr   prgcolomir, e tilimfe tilimfe he glprggmholgmte, glprggmholgmte, suis `iri`tgrìsto`is `iri`tgrìsto`is g es gquopilgmtes gmvecvohes. gmvecvohes. Agriclgmtg Agriclgmtg ï i`elpimfihe hg ul ncuxearili, tilbïl hg `irétgr prgcolomir, bgl `ele hg uli gspg`ono`iáàe `el es hihes omgrgmtgs ie predgte. Zredgte Béso`e4 Hgpeos hg iprevihe e predgte `em`gotuic, pissi-sg i nisg he predgte béso`e. Mgsti nisg, niz-sg uli imécosg lios iprenumhihi he Zredgte4 Hgs`rgvg-sg is umohihgs gmvecvohis, `el suis `iri`tgrìsto`is g gquopilgmtes omgrgmtgs; is omtgrcoaiá÷gs gmtrg is umohihgs hg pre`gsse; is ce`iá÷gs hes gquopilgmtes; gt`.  Me predgte béso`e dé sg tgl i vosàe quisg nomic he glprggmholgmte, glprggmholgmte, suis suis holgms÷gs, es gquopilgmtes gquopilgmtes gmvecvohes, sui comfi hg prehuáàe, e `uste hg olpcimtiáàe, gt`.

Zredgte Hgticfihe4 Hgpeos hg iprevihe e predgte béso`e, pissi-sg i nisg hg predgte hgticfihe. Mgsti nisg gmtri-sg mis pirto`ucirohihgs he predgte4 @ele sgré ngoti i omtgrcoaiáàe mes gquopilgmtes; `ele sgré omsticihe ul eu eutre gquopilgmte; ul hgticfg lgcfer gxpco`itove hg uli ghono`iáàe eu supertg, gt`. E predgte hgticfihe `em`cuo tehi gtipi hg predgtes hg uli ebri. 2.b ‐ Ncuxearilis. N  cuxearilis sàe rgprgsgmtiá÷gs gsqugléto`is hg ul pre`gsse. Me ncuxearili ï omho`ihe e `or`uote he  pre`gsse, suis omtgrcoaiáegs, omtgrcoaiáegs, sgu ncuxe ncuxe hg num`oemilgmte, num`oemilgmte, es gquopilgmtes gquopilgmtes omtgrcoaihes, is comfis tiaugihis (ohgmtono`iáàe), is `iri`tgrìsto`is he ncuohe (sui vizàe, tglpgrituri, prgssàe, gt`.), hes gquopilgmtes, vécvucis, gt`. E ncuxearili ï ul hes prolgores he`ulgmtihes agrihes mul predgtes hg tubuciá÷gs; ï i pirtor  hgcg qug sg hgsgmvecvgré i ohïoi he pre`gsse g is umohihgs mg`gssérois i sgu nol. 2.` ‐ Zcimtis. Z  cimtis omho`il e gspiáe nìso`e, gl huis holgms÷gs, hg uli hg uli umohihg hg pre`gsse, gquopilgmte eu ghono`iáàe. Mis pcimtis hgvgl prgngrgm`oiclgmtg prgngrgm`oiclgmtg `emstir4 --  

E mertg hg predgte, @eerhgmihis hg ce`icoziáàe,

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Goxes g comfis hg `gmtre, Holgms÷gs hes gquopilgmtes g pemtes hg omtgrcoaiáàe, @etis hg ilirriáàe his tubuciá÷gs/vécvucis, Ohgmtono`iáàe (tia‟s) his tubuciá÷gs g gquopilgmtes, Omho`iáàe hg `ertgs g vostis, Rgngräm`ois hg mìvgc g gcgviá÷gs, Gt`.

‐ @ertgs g ^ostis. @  2.h ertgs g vostis lestril sgá÷gs pgrpgmho`ucirgs ês pcimtis, `el i nomicohihg hg gs`cirg`gr hgticfgs g nermg`gr  lios omnerliá÷gs qug lgcfergl i `elprggmsàe hi pcimti. Mes `ertgs g vostis hgvgl prgngrgm`oiclgmtg `emstir4 -  Rgngräm`ois hg mìvgc g gcgviá÷gs, -  @eerhgmihis hg ce`icoziáàe (sg mg`gsséroe), -  Goxes g comfis hg `gmtre, -  Holgms÷gs hes gquopilgmtes g pemtes hg omtgrcoaiáàe, -  @etis hg ilirriáàe his tubuciá÷gs/vécvucis, -  Ohgmtono`iáàe (tia‟s) his tubuciá÷gs g gquopilgmtes, -  Gt`. 2.g ‐ Hgticfgs. H   gticfgs lestril omnerliá÷gs gl perlgmergs, `ele coaiá÷gs eu hgticfgs `emstrutoves, es quios no`iroil `emnuses sg lestrihes gl pcimti eu `ertgs. Es hgticfgs bus`il lestrir quiosqugr hihes qug gmroqugáil i `elprggmsàe he qug sg prgtgmhg lestrir. 2.n ‐ Oselïtro`es. O  selïtro`es bus`il lestrir, gl pcimes hg oselgtroi (träs holgms÷gs), i rgprgsgmtiáàe hg ul `or`uote, lestrimhe sui hospesoáàe me gspiáe. Ï luote ôtoc mi lemtiagl, nermg`gmhe ul ohïoi troholgmsoemic ie lemtiher. I pirtor hes oselïtro`es, ï luote `elul hovoho-ces piri sg prehuzorgl –speec‟s“, qug sàe pirtgs he oselïtro`e, lemtihes gl eno`omi, g hgpeos cgvihes ie `ilpe piri sui lemtiagl nomic, `el e omtuote hg i`gcgrir g Zrehuzor uli lemtiagl lios `errgti. Es oselïtro`es agriclgmt agriclgmtgg sàe hgsgmfihes neri hg gs`ici.  Mes oselïtro`es hgvgl hgvgl prgngrgm`oiclgmtg prgngrgm`oiclgmtg `emstir4 -  E mertg hg predgte, -  @eerhgmihis hg ce`icoziáàe (sg pessìvgc), -  Goxes g comfis hg `gmtre (`el e omtuote hg ilirriáàe), -  Holgms÷gs hes gquopilgmtes g pemtes hg omtgrcoaiáàe, -  @etis hg ilirriáàe his tubuciá÷gs/vécvucis, -  Ohgmtono`iáàe (tia‟s) his tubuciá÷gs g gquopilgmtes, -  Rgngräm`ois hg mìvgc g gcgviá÷gs, - 

Gt`.

2.a ‐ Costi hg litgroic. C   osti hg litgroic pre`uri lestrir e quimtotitove g e tope hg litgroios glprgaihes me `or`uote gl qugstàe,  piri ni`ocotir sgu sgu eráilgmte g pestgroer pestgroer `elpri. Mi costi hg litgroic litgroic hgvg `emstir, `emstir, prgngrgm`oiclgmtg, prgngrgm`oiclgmtg, e tope hg  pgái, sgu litgroic, litgroic, suis `emgx÷gs, sui `cissg hg prgssàe, prgssàe, gt`. E   s hgsgmfes hg tubuciá÷gs hgvgràe sgauor sglprg is sgauomtgs merlis agrios4 - Mis pcimtis gl gs`ici luote pgqugmi, tehis is tubuciá÷gs sgràe hgsgmfihis gl triáe umonocir. - Mis pcimtis gl gs`icis lioergs, is tubuciá÷gs itï 92“ pehgràe sgr hgsgmfihis gl triáe umonocir, g is lioergs hg 92“ pehgràe sgr hgsgmfihis gl triáe hupce eu màe. - Gl tehis is tubuciá÷gs hgvgràe sgr `ece`ihis sgtis omho`itovis he ncuxe, e hoâlgtre g quimhe feuvgr, e `iolgmte. - Es supertgs hg tubuciáàe sgràe omho`ihes me prðproe hgsgmfe hi pcimti, gx`gte sg feuvgr nicti hg gspiáe, quimhe gmtàe nirgles ul hgsgmfe gspg`oic piri es lgsles. Hgvgràe sgrhg ngotis timtis quimtis  -prge`upiáàe sg vgrono`ir vgro no`irvostis sg e sostgli sost gli ïnergl IPI mg`gssérois eu HOM. piri i bei `elprggmsàe he predgte, sgl i

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- Gl tehe hgsgmfe hgvgràe sgr nermg`ohis omnerliá÷gs g `etis quimtis nergl mg`gssérois piri i ce`icoziáàe g gxg`uáàe he predgte mi ebri. - Xehi pcimti hgvgré vor i`elpimfihi hg uli sgti omho`itovi he mertg liamïto`e.

0 ‐ Zredgte hg Xubuciá÷gs ‐ Gcglgmtes hg tubuciáàe. 0.i ‐ Xubes. X   ubes sàe `emhutes ng`fihes, hgstomihes prom`opiclgmt prom`opiclgmtgg ie trimspertg hg ncuohes. @fili-sg tubuciáàe i ul `emdumte tubes g sgus i`gssðroes. Xubes sàe utocozihes trimspertg hg tehes esWsil-sg sgdil gcgshgcìquohes, aiseses, litgroios pisteses eu ncuohespiri `elesðcohes gl suspgmsàe. Wncuohes sil-sg`emfg`ohes, tubes piri e trimspertg hgssgs gcglgmtes gl tehi nioxi hg viroiáàe hg tglpgrituris g prgss÷gs usuios mi omhôstroi4 hgshg e vé`ue ibsecute itï `gr`i hg 8.::: ka/`l2, g hgshg prðxole he zgre ibsecute itï is tglpgrituris hes lgtios gl nusàe. E   s tubes hg fedg sàe nibro`ihes per `om`e arupes pre`gssuios4 - Xubes sgl `esturi4 Numhoáàe, Nerdiagl g Gxtrusàe. - Xubes `el `esturi4 Pechi g Cilomiáàe. E   s pre`gsses hg cilomiáàe g sechi sàe es hg lioer olpertâm`oi olpertâm`oi,, g per gcgs sàe ngotes lios hg 2/0 hes tubes uotcozihes gl omsticiá÷gs omhustroios. Y   uimte ies litgroios, es tubes pehgl sgr `cissono`ihes gl lgtéco`es g màe lgtéco`es4 X   ubes lgtéco`es4 Lgtéco`es ngrreses4 Iáes-`irbeme, iáes-coai, iáes-omexohévgos, ngrre numhohe g ngrre nerdihe. Lgtéco`es màe ngrreses4 @ebrg, cit÷gs, bremzgs, lgtic-lemgc, `upre-mìqugc, mìqugc, `fulbe, iculìmoe, gt`. X   ubes màe lgtéco`es4 Z^@ (`cergte hg pecovomoc), i`gtite hg `gcucesg, tgncem, pecogstorgme, pecogtocgme, vohre, `grâlo`i, birre vohrihe, per`gcimi, `em`rgte irlihe, berri`fis, `olgmte-iloimte, gt`. E   s tubes sàe nermg`ohes `el4 pemtis cosis, piri sechi (agriclgmtg hg gm`ioxg); Zemtis `filnrihis, piri sechi hg `ilpe; pemtis res`ihis, piri `emgx÷gs res`ihis. Gl numáàe hi prgssàe i qug sgré sublgtohi gstg tube, i gspgssuri hg pirghg pehgré viroir. Imtoailgmtg, imtgs hi merli IPI-B.0>, qug merlicozi is holgms÷gs hes tubes, es tubes gril `cissono`ihes gl träs gspgssuris hg pirghgs, `filihis hg –P`fghucg mulbgr“ m ulbgr“ eu s`f4 Ptimhirh (P), Gxtris-Ptrema (VP), g Heubcg GxtriPtrema (VVP). Gssis hgsoamiá÷gs, ipgsir hg ebsecgtis, iomhi gstàe gl use `errgmtg. I merli IPI-B.0> ibrimag tubes hgshg 9/6“ itï 0>“ hg hoâlgtre melomic. Gsti sïrog `elpcgti om`cuo ul tetic hg 0:: gspgssuris hongrgmtgs, his quios, `gr`i hg 9:: ipgmis sàe usuios mi préto`i. 0.b ‐ Lgoes hg coaiá÷gs hg tubes (@emgx÷gs). Es hovgrses lgoes usihes piri `emg`tir tubes, sgrvgl màe sð piri coair is viris hg tubes gmtrg so, `ele tilbïl piri coair es tubes ês vécvucis, ies hovgrses i`gssðroes g ies gquopilgmtes (timqugs, belbis, vises, tre`ihergs hg `icer, gt`.). Es prom`opios lgoes hg coaiáàe hg tubes sàe es sgauomtgs4  ‘ Coaiá÷gs resqugihis (s`rgwgh deomts).  ‘ Coaiá÷gs sechihis (wgchgh (wgchgh deomts).  ‘ Coaiá÷gs ncimagihis (ncimagh (ncimagh deomts).  ‘ Coaiá÷gs hg pemti g becsi (bgcc imh spoaet spoaet deomts).  ‘ Coaiá÷gs per `emgx÷gs `emgx÷gs aelihis. Eutres sostglis hg coaiáàe4 coaiá÷gs hg `elprgssàe, coaiá÷gs pitgmtgihis, coaiá÷gs simotérois, gmaitgs, hgroviá÷gs sechihis tope –be`i hg cebe“, hgroviá÷gs `el lgoi cuvi, hgroviá÷gs `el `ecirgs g sgcis, Bo`e gs`icemihe eu gspoaàe, tgrlomios piri limaugoris, `emgx÷gs `el imgc hg `riviáàe gt`. ^   éroes eutres topes gxostgl hg coaiá÷gs hg tubes. I gs`ecfi he lgoe hg coaiáàe i usir hgpgmhg hg luotes nitergs gmtrg es quios4 litgroic g hoâlgtre he tube, nomicohihg g ce`icoziáàe hi coaiáàe, `uste, ariu hg sgaurimái gxoaohe, prgssàe g tglpgrituri hg tribicfe, ncuohe `emtohe, mg`gssohihg eu màe hg hgslemtiagl gt`. Ï olpertimtg ebsgrvir qug mi lioeroi his vgzgs usil-sg, mi lgsli tubuciáàe, heos sostglis hg coaiáàe hongrgmtgs4 ul piri is coaiá÷gs `errgmtgs ie cemae hi tubuciáàe, emhg i lioer prge`upiáàe ï e bioxe `uste g i sgaurimái `emtri vizilgmtes, g eutre piri coair is gxtrglohihgs hi tubuciáàe mis vécvucis, timqugs, belbis, vises g eutres gquopilgmtes, emhg sg hgsgdi prom`opiclgmtg i ni`ocohihg hg hgslemtiagl. Ï `elul tilbïl

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e glprgae, piri e lgsle sgrvoáe g lgsle litgroic, hg sostglis hg coaiáàe hongrgmtgs4 ul piri es tubes hg  pgqugme hoâlgtre g eutre piri es tubes tubes hg arimhg hoâlgtre. hoâlgtre. Es topes lios lios `elums hg `emgx÷gs `emgx÷gs piri tubuciá÷gs sàe es sgauomtgs4 Z  grlotor luhimáis hg horgáàe4 @urvis hg rioe cemae g `urte (87´, ?:´, 96:´), `urvis hg rghuáàe, degcfes,  degcfes hg rghuáàe. N  izgr hgroviá÷gs `el tubes4 Xäs merlios ?:´, täs i 87´, täs hg rghuáàe, pgái gl _, `ruzgtis, `ruzgtis hg rghuáàe, sgcis, imïos hg rgneráe. Z  grlotor luhimái hg hoâlgtre4 Rghuá÷gs `em`ämtro`is, rghuá÷gs gx`ämtro`is, bu`fis hg rghuáàe, cuvis hg rghuáàe. C   oaiá÷gs hg tubes gmtrg so4 Cuvis, umo÷gs, ncimags, mopcgs, vorecis. N  g`filgmte hg gxtrglohihg4 Xilp÷gs, bud÷gs, ncimags `gaes. 0-b-i ‐ Coaiá÷gs resqugihis. I   s coaiá÷gs resqugihis sàe ul hes lios imtoaes lgoes hg coaiáàe usihes piri tubes. Gl tubes hg pgqugme hoâlgtre gssis coaiá÷gs sàe hg bioxe `uste g hg né`oc gxg`uáàe; e hoâlgtre melomic léxole hg use `errgmtg ï hg 2", glberi fidi nibro`iáàe hg tubes `el gxtrglohihgs resqugihis g hg pgáis hg coaiáàe itï 8", eu lioergs iomhi. Ziri i coaiáàe his viris hg tube gmtrg so glprgail-sg heos topes hg pgáis, is cuvis g is umo÷gs, tehis `el res`i omtgrmi piri i`epcir `el i res`i gxtgrmi hi gxtrglohihg hes tubes. Es topes lios `elums hg res`i sàe i res`i BPZ (MBR >898 eu HOM 2??? eu OPE 1/9), g i res`i MZX (MBR 92?92 eu IPLG/IMPO I PLG/IMPO B9.2:.9) E resqugilgmte gmnriqug`g sglprg i pirghg hes tubes; per gssi rizàe quimhe fé coaiá÷gs resqugihis usilsg sglprg tubes hg pirghgs aressis (sïrog 6:, me lìmole). Is coaiá÷gs resqugihis sàe is ômo`is usihis piri tubes aicvimozihes, timte hg iáe `ele hg ngrre nerdihe. Glprgail-sg tilbïl coaiá÷gs resqugihis, glberi màe gx`cusovilgmtg, gl tubes hg iáe-`irbeme, iáes-coai, ngrre numhohe, g litgroios pcésto`es pcésto`es,, sglprg colotihis itï e hoâlgtre melomic hg 8". Ziri tubes hg iáes omexohévgos g hg lgtios màe-ngrreses, e resqugilgmte ï luote rire, hgvohe ês pirghgs nomis qug agriclgmtg täl es tubes hgssgs litgroios. 0-b-b ‐ Coaiá÷gs sechihis. G   l tubuciá÷gs omhustroios, i lioer pirtg his coaiá÷gs sàe sechihis, `el sechi per nusàe (wgchoma), `el ihoáàe hg gcgtrehe, sgmhe is prom`opios4  ‘ Pechi hg tepe (butt-wgchoma)4  IPLG/IMPO B9>.27. Ï e tope hg coaiáàe `elulgmtg glprgaihe piri tubuciáàe hg tehes es hoâlgtres, perïl lios glprgaihe glprgaihe piri HM 7: (2“). Ziri sechi hg tepe gl tubes `el `el holgms÷gs `emnerlg IPLG/IMPO B0>.9: g IPLG/IMPO B0>.9? is pemtis hes tubes hgvgl sgr `fimnrihis `emnerlg i merli IPLG/IMPO B9>.27 g es tubes `el holgms÷gs `emnerlg is merlis HOM hgvgl sgr  `fimnrihis `emnerlg i merli HOM 277?,  ‘ Pechi hg gm`ioxg (se`kgt-wgchoma)4 (se`kgt-wgchoma)4 Luote Luote usihi gl omsticiá÷gs omhustroios omhustroios hg tehis is nioxis hg prgssàe g tglpgrituri. Gstg tope hg coaiáàe gsté hgnomohe hgnomohe mi merli IPLG/IMPO IPLG/IMPO B9>.99 piri HM 9:: (8“) lis merliclgmtg utocozihe utocozihe piri HM 7: (2“) piri piri tubes hg iáe `irbeme, `irbeme, iáe coaihe coaihe g iáe omex piri sgrvoáes sgrvoáes hg tehes es tope lis ï rg`elgmhévgc qug sg gvotg e use hgstg tope hg coaiáàe `el ncuohes hg icti `erresàe,  ‘ Brisiagl (brizoma)4 (brizoma)4 Wsihi prom`opiclgmtg piri tubuciá÷gs lgtéco`is màe ngrresis, tubes hg `ebrg g `emgx÷gs hg citàe eu bremzg. Pàe sechis gxg`utihis `el litgroic hongrgmtg he litgroic he tube eu hi `emgxàe `el bioxe pemte hg nusàe (agriclgmtg e gstimfe). Gssis coaiá÷gs täl is sgauomtgs vimtiagms4R   gsostäm`oi lg`âmo`i bei (quisg sglprg gquovicgmtg ê he tube omtgore), Gstimqugohihg pgrngoti g pgrlimgmtg, Bei ipiräm`oi, Ni`ocohihgs mi ipco`iáàe hg osecilgmte tïrlo`e g hg pomturi, Mgmfuli mg`gssohihg hg limutgmáàe. Is prom`opios hgsvimtiagms, peu`e olpertimtgs mi lioeroi hes `ises, sàe i hono`uchihg hg hgslemtiagl his tubuciá÷gs, g i mg`gssohihg hg làe-hg-ebri gspg`oicozihi. 0.b.` ‐ Coaiá÷gs ncimagihis. N  cimags sàe pgáis gspg`oios qug sg hgstomil i nizgr i coaiáàe gmtrg tubes, `emgx÷gs, vécvucis, i`gssðroes g gquopilgmtes g gmtrg tubes, emhg sg hgsgdi uli lemtiagl/hgslemtiagl répohi eu nrgqógmtg. @ihi coaiáàe ncimagihi mg`gssoti hg ul deae hg pirinuses g uli dumti hg vghiáàe. Pàe coaiá÷gs glprgaihis gl tehes es hoâlgtres piri tubes hg ngrre numhohe, iáe `irbeme, iáe coai, iáe omex, pcésto`es g tilbïl gl vécvucis g i`gssðroes hg litgroios màe ngrreses. I merli HOM g i merli IPLG / IMPO pihremozil hovgrses topes hg ncimags, piri iáe `irbeme, piri iáe omex, ngrre numhohe g litgroios lgtéco`es màe ngrreses. Zehg-sg `cissono`ir  gl träs topes prom`opios hg nibro`iáàe hg ncimags4 Es nerdihes, es usomihes g es numhohes. Ncimags nerdihes4 I merli IPLG/IMPO B9>.7 gstibgcg`g is holgms÷gs hes ncimags nerdihes hg iáe `irbeme, iáe coaihe g hg iáe omexohévgc g is merlis hi IPXL gstibgcg`gl i `elpesoáàe quìlo`i quìlo`i g is preproghihgs nìso`is iáes glprgaihes nerdi. Ncimagshes usomihes4 Pàe ncimagsmiqug màe pehgl sgr usihes gl `emhoá÷gs sgvgris, tgmhe sgu use colotihe ês

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 bioxis prgss÷gs g tglpgrituris tglpgrituris ilbogmtgs. ilbogmtgs. Ziri sgu use gl `emhoá÷gs lios lios sgvgris hgvgré sgr ebdgte hg `éc`uce hg sui rgsostäm`oi lg`âmo`i. Ncimags numhohes4I merli IPLG/IMPO B9>.9 gstibgcg`g is holgms÷gs hes ncimags hg ngrre numhohe g i merliIPLG/IMPO B9>.28 gstibgcg`g is holgms÷gs hes ncimags hg bremzg g hg citàe numhohe g hovgrsis merlis hi IPXL gstibgcg`gl i `elpesoáàe quìlo`i g is preproghihgs nìso`is hes litgroios numhohes. Es ncimags lios `elums sàe es sgauomtgs4  ‘ Ncimag sebrgpeste (PE ‐ Pcop-em)4 Ï e tope lios `elul `elul g e hg omsticiáàe omsticiáàe lios né`oc, né`oc, peos màe mg`gssoti mg`gssoti hg gxitohàe me `ertg g i coaiáàe ï ngoti `el huis sechis, uli omtgrmi g i eutri gxtgrmi. Pgu use hgvg sgr colotihe b ir (~2:,:kan/`l2). bir  i‘8::º@ Ncimagg ihg2:pgs`eáe (QM ‐ Qgchoma-mg`k)4Zehg Qgchoma-mg`k)4Zehg sgr usihe piri quicqugr `elbomiáàe hg prgssàe g tglpgrituri. Coaihe ie tube per uli ômo`i sechi, hg tepe, hé eroagl i lgmergs tgms÷gs rgsohuios qug e tope sebrgpeste. Pui lemtiagl gxoag qug e tube sgdi `ertihe mi lghohi gxiti g bosgcihe piri sechi hg tepe.  ‘ Ncimag res`ihe (P@R ‐ P`rgwgh)4 P`rgwgh)4 Gspg`oiclgmtg Gspg`oiclgmtg omho`ihe piri tubes màe sechévgos tios `ele ngrre ngrre numhohe, iáe aicvimozihe g litgroios pcésto`es.  ‘ Ncimag hg gm`ioxg (PQ (PQ ‐ Pe`kgt-wgch)4 Luote pirg`ohe `el e tope sebrgpeste sebrgpeste perïl lios rgsostgmtg rgsostgmtg peos tgl ul gm`ioxg `elpcgte piri i pemti he tube g mg`gssoti ipgmishg uli sehi gxtgrmi g per osse hgsgmvecvg lgmer tgmsàe rgsohuic qug e sebrgpeste.Màe ï rg`elgmhihe piri sgrvoáes hg icti `erresàe.  ‘ Ncimag secte (CD ‐ Cip-deomt)4 Gstg tope hg ncimag màe ï noxe ê tubuciáàe, tubuciáàe, pehgmhe hgscozir hgscozir covrglgmtg me me tube, sð sg hgtgmhe mi gxtrglohihg he tube emhg ï sechihe uli pgái hgmelomihi hg pgstimi (stub-gmh). Pàe utocozihes gl tubuciá÷gs hg litgroios mebrgs, hg `uste gcgvihe, peos es ncimags sectes màe gmtril gl `emtite `el e ncuohe g pertimte pehg sgr hg litgroic lgmes mebrg.  ‘ Ncimag `gae (Bcomh)4 Pàe utocozihes gl nomios hg comfis g ng`filgmte hg be`ios be`ios preper`oemimhe ul tilpemilgmte hg né`oc rgleáàe.  ‘Ncimag hg rghuáàe4 Pàe Pàe omho`ihes emhg sg hgsgdi uli rghuáàe horgtilgmtg me ncimag, sgl use hg `emgx÷gs hg rghuáàe mi tubuciáàe. Ï ul tope hg ncimag peu`e usuic. I   s `cissgs hg prgssàe usuios piri ncimags sàe is sgauomtgs4 M   erli4 IPLG/IMPO B9>.9, litgroic4 Ngrre Numhohe, `cissg hg prgssàe4 927# ‐ 27:#. M   erli4 IPLG/IMPO B9>.7, litgroic4 Iáe, `cissg hg prgssàe4 97:# ‐ 0::# ‐ 8::# 8 ::# ‐ >::# ‐ ?::# ‐ 97::# ‐  27::# M   erli4 IPLG/IMPO B9>.28, litgroic4 Bremzg g Citàe, `cissg hg prgssàe4 97:# ‐ 0::#. M   erli4 HOM (HO^GRPIP), litgroic4 Hovgrses, `cissg hg prgssàe4 ZM 2,7 ‐ ZM > ‐ ZM 9: ‐ ZM 9> ‐ ZM 27 ‐  ZM 8: ‐ ZM >8 ZM 9:: ‐ ZM 9>: ‐ ZM 27: ‐ ZM02:. 0.b.h ‐ Coaiá÷gs hg pemti g becsi. P  àe coaiá÷gs usihis prom`opiclgmtg gl tubes hg ngrre numhohe g hg pcésto`es, lis tilbïl gxostgmtg gl iáe `irbeme perïl hg use lgmes nrgqógmtg. Wli his prom`opios `iri`tgrìsto`is hgssg tope hg coaiáàe ï i rgcitovi ni`ocohihg g i ripohgz hi lemtiagl gl `elpiriáàe `el lgsli coaiáàe gxg`utihi per sechi hg tepe. Es topes hg coaiá÷gs hg pemti g becsi sàe es sgauomtgs4 Z  emti g becsi `el dumti gcésto`i4 Gstg tope hg dumti ï utocozihe timte piri tubes g `emgx÷gs hg ngrre numhohe g hg pcésto`es `ele e pv`, pecoprepocgme eu pv` rgneráihe `el nobri hg vohre. @emstotuo hg uli dumti hg  berri`fi, hg lemtiagl lemtiagl hgscozimtg, `emstotuìhi pgce `emdumte `emdumte nerlihe pgci pemti he tube, becsi `emtìaui hg eutre tube eu `emgxàe g pgce imgc hg berri`fi. Z  emti g becsi `el dumti lg`âmo`i4 Ituiclgmtg ipgmis utocozihe gl cuvis, piri ni`ocohihg hg limutgmáàe eu quimhe sg gxg`util rgpires gl tubuciá÷gs gxostgmtgs. Z  emti g becsi `el dumti trivihi (Xrivihi omtgrmi g Xrivihi gxtgrmi)4 Gstg tope hg dumti ï utocozihe piri tubes g `emgx÷gs hg ngrre numhohe emhg màe sgràe gxg`utihes es bce`es hg im`eriagl piri ibseráàe he glpuxe hgvohe ê prgssàe omtgrmi piri airimtor e gquocìbroe hg tehi i tubuciáàe. Me lgr`ihe, pehg-sg gm`emtrir heos topes hg dumti trivihi, i omtgrmi g i gxtgrmi. 0.b.g ‐ Coaiá÷gs per `emgx÷gs aelihis. P  àe `emgx÷gs ebtohis pgce `ertg g sechi hg sgalgmtes hg tubes hg iáe `irbeme. @el gssg pre`gsse pehgl-sg ebtgr es lios viroihes topes hg `emgx÷gs `ele `urvis hg rioe `urte, hg rioe cemae, tgs, hhgroviá÷gs, groviá÷gs, `ruzgtis, gt`. Gssis `emgx÷gs sàe pihremozihis pgci merli IQQI @2:6 g prito`ilgmtg  pehgl sgr `emsohgrihis `emsohgrihis `ele pgáis irt irtgsimios gsimios peos pehgl sgr nibro`ihis `emnerlg `emnerlg hgsgmfe he predgtosti, is `filihis –pgáis gspg`oios“     Gl Gl agric sàe ipco`ihis gl ihuteris hg éaui bruti, éaui tritihi, gstiá÷gs gcgvitðrois hg éaui g gsaete gl omsticiá÷gs omhustroios hg éaui hg rgsnroilgmte g gl usomis fohrgcïtro`is. Gxglpce4 Ihuteris, éaui hg rgsnroilgmte g hrgmiagms.

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0.` ‐ Dumtis hg gxpimsàe. D  umtis hg gxpimsàe sàe pgáis màe rìaohis qug sg omtgr`icil mis tubuciá÷gs `el i nomicohihg hg ibservgr tetic eu pir`oiclgmtg is hocitiá÷gs prevgmogmtgs his viroiá÷gs hg tglpgrituris, g tilbïl olpghor i prepiaiáàe hg vobriá÷gs. @emtuhe, iprgsgmtil e om`evgmogmtg hg sgr sglprg e pemte lios nréaoc hi tubuciáàe, mg`gssotimhe sglprg hg uli limutgmáàe g omspgáàe hgvohe ie hgsaistg. Gxostgl heos topes agrios hg dumtis hg gxpimsàe4 Is dumtis hg tgcgs`ðpoe g is dumtis hg necg eu hg simnemi. I utocoziáàe hg dumtis hg gxpimsàe sg dustono`imes sgauomtgs `ises4 - Yuimhe e gspiáe hospemìvgc ï omsuno`ogmtg piri qug sg pessi tgr ul tridgte hg tubuciáàe `el ncgxobocohihg `ipiz hg ibservgrhgisarimhgs hocitiá÷gs, - Gl tubuciá÷gs hoâlgtres, sebrgtuhe i`oli hg 2:“, eu hg litgroic luote `ire, fé e omtgrgssg g`emølo`e gl nizgr-sg e tridgte e lios `urte pessìvgc, - Gl tubuciá÷gs qug per gxoaäm`oi hg sgrvoáe hgvgl sgr tridgtes horgtes rgtocìmges, `el `iolgmte `emstimtg, `el ul lìmole hg pgrhis hg `irai eu turbocfemilgmtes, turbocfemilgmtes, - Gl tubuciá÷gs sudgotis i vobriá÷gs hg arimhg ilpcotuhg, - Gl `grtis tubuciá÷gs coaihis i gquopilgmtes hgco`ihes eu luote sgmsìvgos. I dumti sgrvoré, mgssg `ise, piri gvotir i pessobocohihg hg trimslossàe hg gsneráes hi tubuciáàe piri e gquopilgmte. 0.h ‐ Noctres. I   `gssðroe hgstomihe i airimtor i quicohihg he ncuohe quimte ê quimtohihg g hoâlgtre léxole hes sðcohes gl suspgmsàe g pehgl sgr `cissono`ihes gl noctres pgrlimgmtgs g tglperéroes. Biso`ilgmtg Biso`ilgmtg gxostgl heos topes hg noctres pgrlimgmtgs4 e tope –_“ g es hg `gste. E noctre –_“ Hgvg sgr omsticihe gl comfis ferozemtios `el e noctre vectihe piri bioxe eu om`comihes, me léxole, i 87º. Xilbïl pehgl sgr omsticihes gl comfis vgrto`ios `el e ncuxe hgs`gmhgmtg. E noctre tope `gste Hgvgl sgr omsticihes gl comfis fferozemtios erozemtios `el e noctre vectihe  piri bioxe. Es noctre noctre tope `gste hgvg substotuor e noctre he tope –_“ sglprg qug sg nozgr mg`gsséroe uli colpgzi nrgqógmtg he gcglgmte noctrimtg; g tlibïl tgles heos topes hg noctres tglperéroes4Es `ømo`es g es pcimes. Pàe omsticihes piri pretgagr gquopilgmtes g pestgroerlgmtg sgrgl rglevohes, agriclgmtg ipðs i prï-pirtohi eu ipðs limutgmá÷gs. Pàe nibro`ihes gl `fipi hg iáe `irbeme eu omex g omsticihes gmtrg ncimags, tope wingr. 0.g ‐ ^gmtesis. H   gvgl sgr omsticihes mes pemtes ictes his comfis `el i nomicohihg hg gxpgcor e ir hgsce`ihe pgce cìquohe hurimtg e gm`folgmte hi tubuciáàe, gxpgcor iutelito`ilgmtg e ir i`ulucihe hurimtg i epgriáàe g ihlotor ir  hurimtg e pre`gsse hg gsvizoilgmte hi tubuciáàe, bgl `ele limtgr i prgssàe hg gsvizoilgmte hgmtre hes colotgs prgvostes gl predgte, gvotimhe e `ecipse g pretgagmhe i tubuciáàe. Gxostgl heos lehgces hg vgmtesi, e prolgore hgmelomihe hg –vgmtesi solpcgs“, qug tgl `ele numáàe gxpgcor `emtomuilgmtg e ir i`ulucihe hurimtg i epgriáàe hi comfi. E sgaumhe hgmelomihe hg –vgmtesi hg trìpco`g numáàe“ qug tgl `ele numá÷gs4 gxpgcor `emtomuilgmtg e ir i`ulucihe hurimtg i epgriáàe, gxpgcor e ir hgsce`ihe hurimtg e gm`folgmte hi comfi g ihlotor ir hurimtg e gsvizoilgmte hi comfi. Mi omsticiáàe sg rgqugr uli vécvuci hg bcequgoe gmtrg i vgmtesi g i comfi, piri limutgmáàe. 0.n ‐ ^osergs hg ncuxe. Z  ehgl sgr omsticihes gl comfis ferozemtios eu vgrto`ios g täl per nomicohihg i `emnorliáàe vosuic hi prgsgmái hg ncuxe gl uli hgtgrlomihi comfi. Gxostgl lehgces piri cìquohes g piri aisgs `el picfgti eu rehi icgtihi, tope vgmteomfi, piri omho`ir i prgsgmái hg h g ncuxe. 0.a ‐ Pgpirihergs hg ulohihg. H   gvgl sgr omsticihes mis comfis ferozemtios `emtgmhe aizgs emhg sg hgsgdi rglevgr i ulohihg `emtohi gl nerli hg aetì`ucis gl suspgmsàe. I `emstruáàe he sgpiriher sg bisgoi mi pissiagl he ncuohe aisese per uli `fo`imi emhg is aetì`ucis hg coquohe, per sui omïr`oi, hgvgràe no`ir rgtohis g nerlimhe aetis lioergs qug sgràe gm`ilomfihis piri ul pemte hg hrgmiagl eu purai. 0.f ‐ Zuraihergs. Pàe i`gssðroes hgstomihes i gcolomir iutelito`ilgmtg e ncuohe `emhgmsihe gl comfis hg aisgs g vipergs. Ziri sg tgr ohïoi hi quimtohihg hg `emhgmsihe, per gxglpce, ul `elprgsser hg 0,: Ml0/lom mis `emhoá÷gs ilbogmtios hg 27 º@ g 17% hg ulohihg rgcitovi i 1,: kan/`l2, prehuzoré >: cotres hg `emhgmsihe per hoi. Me lgr`ihe véroes topes hg puraihergs lis es lios `elums sàe e puraiher hg bðoi, e hg bichg omvgrtohe,gm`emtriles es tgrlehomâlo`es g es gcgtrømo`es.Gl epesoáàe ês vgmtesis hgvgl sgr omsticihes

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 prgngrgm`oiclgmtg rgngrgm`oiclgmtg mes pemtes bioxes his his comfis, me nomic nomic hes trg`fes ferozemtios ferozemtios emhg sg tgl tgl uli gcgviáàe hi tubuciáàe, me nomic his comfis g mes cemaes trg`fes ferozemtios. Hg ul lehe agric, gl comfis hg ir  `elprolohe, hgvg-sg omsticir ul puraiher i `ihi 8:,:l hg tubuciáàe. 0.o ‐ Limølgtres. P  àe i`gssðroes hgstomihes i lghor i prgssàe gl tubuciá÷gs g gquopilgmtes g e sostgli sgmser pehg sgr he tope beurhem piri sgrvoáes agrios eu he tope necg piri sgrvoáes hg bioxis prgss÷gs gl ipco`iá÷gs hg icti  prg`osàe. Zehgl sgr sgr hg lemtiagl ce`ic eu gl piomïos piomïos g gxostgl vérois vérois gs`icis pihremozihis. pihremozihis. Es limølgtres limølgtres  pehgl iprgsgmtir hovgrses hovgrses hoâlgtres hoâlgtres hg lestrihergs. 0  .d ‐ Xgrlølgtres. P  àe i`gssðroes hgstomihes i lghor i tglpgrituri gl tubuciá÷gs g gquopilgmtes g e sostgli sgmser pehg sgr  he tope –pir bo-lgtéco`e“, es lios usuios, eu ituihe i aés. Zehgl sgr hg lemtiagl ce`ic eu gl piomïos g gxostgl vérois gs`icis pihremozihis. Es tgrlølgtres pehgl iprgsgmtir hovgrses hoâlgtres hg lestrihergs. 0.c ‐ Xre`ihergs hg `icer. X   re`iher hg `icer ï e hospesotove usihe piri rgicozir e pre`gsse hi tre`i tïrlo`i gmtrg heos ncuohes gl hongrgmtgs tglpgrituris. Gstg pre`gsse ï `elul gl luotis ipco`iá÷gs hi Gmagmfiroi. Zehgles utocozé-ces me iqug`olgmte g rgsnroilgmte hg ilbogmtgs, me `emho`oemilgmte hg ir, mi prehuáàe hg gmgraoi, mi rg`upgriáàe hg `icer g me pre`gsse quìlo`e. Gl vortuhg his luotis ipco`iá÷gs olpertimtgs, i pgsquosi g e hgsgmvecvolgmte hes tre`ihergs hg `icer täl uli cemai fostðroi, lis iomhi fedg bus`i-sg ipgrngoáeir e  predgte g e hgsglpgmfe hgsglpgmfe hg tre`ihergs, bisgihi mi `rgs`gmt `rgs`gmtgg prge`upiáàe pgci `emsgrviáàe `emsgrviáàe hg gmgraoi. gmgraoi. 0.l ‐ ^écvucis. ^   écvucis sàe hospesotoves ipco`ihes i nol hg gstibgcg`gr, omtgrrelpgr g `emtrecir e ncuxe gl uli tubuciáàe. Ï e i`gssðroe lios olpertimtg utocozihe gl tubuciá÷gs. Hgvgl lgrg`gr e lioer `rotïroe gl sui gspg`ono`iáàe, gs`ecfi g ce`icoziáàe. Pàe pgáis `iris, emhg fé sglprg i pessobocohihg hg vizilgmtes g qug prehuzgl pgrhi hg `irai `emsohgrévgos. Is vécvucis `emstotugl, gl lïhoi, `gr`i hg 6% he `uste tetic hg uli omsticiáàe hg  pre`gssilgmte. Is vécvucis pehgl sgr hg epgriáàe limuic (icivim`i, veci vecimtg, mtg, gmargmiagms, gt`.), gt`.), epgriáàe leterozihi (fohréuco`i, pmguléto`i, pmguléto`i, gcïtro`i), g epgriáàe iuteléto`i (pgce prðproe ncuo ncuohe he (hongrgmái hg  prgss÷gs agrihis pgce pgce gs`eilgmte), per lgoe hg lecis lecis g `emtri-pgses).Is `emtri-pgses).Is vécvucis pehgl sgr `cissono`ihis4 ^   écvucis hg bcequgoe eu hg ng`filgmte4 ^écvucis hg aivgti, vécvucis hg gsngri,.vécvucis hg li`fe, vécvucis hg auocfetomi. ^   écvucis hg rgauciagl4 ^écvucis acebe, vécvucis hg iaucfi, vécvucis hg berbecgti, vécvucis hg hoinriali, vécvuci limaetg, vécvucis hg `emtrecg. ^   écvucis qug pgrlotgl e ncuxe gl ipgmis uli horgáàe4 ^écvucis hg rgtgmáàe, vécvucis hg rgtgmáàe g ng`filgmte, vécvucis hg pï. ^   écvucis qug `emtrecil i prgssàe hg dusimtg4 vécvucis rghuteris hg prgssàe, vécvucis rgauciheris hg prgssàe. ^   écvucis qug `emtrecil i prgssàe hg lemtimtg4 ^écvucis hg sgaurimái g icìvoe, vécvucis hg `emtri-prgssàe. 0.l.i ‐ ^écvuci hg aivgti. Ï i vécvuci hg bcequgoe qug itï peu`e tglpe rgprgsgmtivi i lioeroi his vécvucis omsticihis lis qug i pirtor  he nomic hi hï`ihi hg 6: pisseu i pgrhgr gspiáe piri eutris vécvucis lios lehgrmis, lio lioss gno`ogmtgs g hg lgmer `uste. Pui prom`opic `iri`tgrìsto`i ï i bioxi pgrhi hg `irai hgvohe ê pgqugmi ebstruáàe he ncuxe quimhe teticlgmtg ibgrtis. Pàe glprgaihis `ele vécvucis hg bcequgoe (em/enn) gl sgrvoáes hg éaui, ðcge eu aés (QEA) piri ncuohes sgl sðcohes gl suspgmsàe eu `el peu`es sðcohes. Xilbïl màe hgvgl sgr  glprgaihis emhg es ncuohes trimspertihes vgmfil i sg secohono`ir me omtgroer his vécvucis qug ï e `ise hg rgsomis, tomtis g vgrmozgs. ^imtiagms g hgsvimtiagms4 Gmtrg is prom`opios vimtiagms me glprgae his vécvucis hg aivgti, pehg-sg gmulgrir i pissiagl covrg quimhe teticlgmtg ibgrtis, i ðtoli gstimqugohihg, i arimhg hovgrsohihg hg hoâlgtres, i viroghihg hes lgoes hg coaiáàe, ipco`iáàe glcirai aili hg prgssàe g tglpgrituri, icïl hg pgrlotor e ncuxe mes heos sgmtohes g tgr  uli né`oc limutgmáàe. Gmtrg is prom`opios hgsvimtiagms me glprgae his vécvucis hg aivgti, pehgles gmulgrir qug màe sàe omho`ihis gl epgriá÷gs nrgqógmtgs, màe hgvgl sgr usihis piri rgauciagl hg ncuxe, is arimhgs holgms÷gs gxtgrmis g e `ustehggcgvihe 0.l.b ‐ ^écvuci gsngri. hg icaums lehgces.

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Ï   i vécvuci hg bcequgoe qug itï peu`e tglpe rgprgsgmtivi i lomeroi his vécvucis omsticihis omsticihis lis qug ê pirtor  he nomic hi hï`ihi hg 6: pisseu i aimfir e gspiáe pgrhohe pgcis vécvucis hg aivgti, per sgrgl lios gno`ogmtgs g hg lgmer `uste. Pui prom`opic `iri`tgrìsto`i ï i lìmoli pgrhi hg `irai piri es lehgces hg pissiagl pcgmi g i bioxi pgrhi hg `irai piri es eutres lehgces hgvohe ê pgqugmi ebstruáàe he ncuxe quimhe teticlgmtg ibgrtis.Zehgles hozgr qug i vécvuci hg gsngri rgprgsgmti uli gvecuáàe hi vécvuci hg li`fe. Pàe P àe glprgaihis `ele vécvucis hg bcequgoe (em/enn) gl sgrvoáes hg éaui, ðcge eu aés (QEA) piri ncuohes sgl sðcohes gl suspgmsàe. Pàe usihis prom`opiclgmtg gl comfis hg ir `elprolohe, é`ohes g éc`icos. ^imtiagms g hgsvimtiagms4 Gmtrg is prom`opios me glprgae hisuli vécvucis hg gsngri, pehgles gmulgrir i pissiagl quimhe teticlgmtg ibgrtis, vimtiagms i gstimqugohihg pgrngoti, rizeévgc hovgrsohihg hg hoâlgtres, viroghihg covrg hes lgoes hg coaiáàe, e nite he ncuohe màe gmtrir gl `emtite `el es omtgrmes, omho`ihis piri epgriá÷gs nrgqógmtgs, ibgrturi g ng`filgmte répohe, ilpci aili hg prgss÷gs, e bioxe `uste piri es lehgces `el gsngris lo`re-numhohis icïl hg pgrlotor e ncuxe mes heos sgmtohes. Gmtrg is prom`opios hgsvimtiagms me glprgae his vécvucis hg gsngri, pehgles gmulgrir qug màe hgvgl sgr  usihis piri rgauciagl hg ncuxe, per usir litgroic rgsocogmtg mi vghiáàe hi sghg coloti i aili hg tglpgrituri g e `uste gcgvihe hg icaums lehgces `el gsngris nerdihis. 0.l.` ‐ ^écvucis hg li`fe. Ï   e tope hg vécvuci `ude ebturiher ï ul li`fe piricgce eu `ømo`e qug aori gl terme hi sui fistg hg lehe i icomfir i sui ibgrturi `el is ibgrturis he `erpe. @el ipgmis ul quirte hg vecti sg niz i ibgrturi eu e ng`filgmte hi vécvuci g e ncuxe ï sglprg suivg g omomtgrrupte. I pissiagl pehg sgr omtgaric eu rghuzohi g es li`fes pehgl sgr cubrono`ihes eu màe g quimhe màe cubrono`ihes es li`fes pehgl om`erperir hospesotoves hgstomihes i rghuzor e itrote gmtrg is pirtgs lðvgos, `el e li`fe rgvgstohe `el tgncem g pehg iomhi sgr he tope norg-sing. Mis vécvucis `el li`fes cubrono`ihes e cubrono`imtg hgvg sgr màe secôvgc me ncuohe `or`ucimtg g gstg tope hg vécvuci, `el li`fe cubrono`ihe, tgl sgu glprgae hgstomihe ie limusgoe hg ðcges, prehutes arixes luote hgmses, rgnome hg pgtrðcge seb ictìssolis prgss÷gs, itï >::: pso g tglpgrituris hg -0: g 0:: º@. Gxostgl vécvucis hg li`fe `el huis, träs eu itï quitre vois. Pàe glprgaihis `ele vécvucis hg bcequgoe (em/enn) gl sgrvoáes hg éaui, ðcge eu aés (QEA) piri ncuohes `el eu sgl sðcohes gl suspgmsàe. Pàe usihis  prom`opiclgmtg gl comfis hg é`ohes, éc`icos g prehutes prehutes pgtrecìngres mis omsticiá÷gs omhustroios. omhustroios. ^imtiagms g hgsvimtiagms4 Gmtrg is prom`opios vimtiagms pehgles `otir i bioxi pgrhi hg `irai, ncuxe omomtgrrupte mes heos sgmtohes, `emstruáàe solpcgs g rebusti, ng`filgmte répohe g, gl icaums topes hg `emstruáàe, pretgáàe hi supgrnì`og hg vghiáàe. Gmtrg is prom`opios hgsvimtiagms pehgles `otir e pgse gcgvihe hgvohe ê rebustgz g i nicti hg gstimqugohihg hg icaums lehgces. 0  .l.h ‐ ^écvucis hg Auocfetomi. Ï   e tope hg vécvuci merliclgmtg glprgaihi piri tribicfes `el cìquohes eu aisgs `emtgmhe icti per`gmtiagl hg sðcohes, pecpis, pistis g ncuohes luote hgmses. I vécvuci auocfetomi màe ï omho`ihi gl sgrvoáes emhg sg mg`gssoti i gstimqugohihg tetic. Pui nerli `emstrutovi ï sglgcfimtg ês vécvucis hg aivgti, hongromhe  biso`ilgmtg me ebturiher ebturiher qug sg `iri`tgrozi `iri`tgrozi per sgr uli uli câlomi qug hgscozi hgscozi gmtrg sghgs piricgcis piricgcis prelevgmhe prelevgmhe i ibgrturi g e ng`filgmte. Is vécvucis auocfetomi tilbïl sàe `emfg`ohis `ele vécvuci ni`i. Pàe glprgaihis `ele vécvucis hg bcequgoe (em/enn) gl sgrvoáes hg éaui, ðcge eu aés (QEA) piri ncuohes `el arihg quimtohihg hg sðcohes gl suspgmsàe. Pàe usihis prom`opiclgmtg gl comfis hg pecpis his omhôstrois hg pipgc g `gcucesg g gl comfis hg prehutes luote hgmses mis omsticiá÷gs omhustroios. ^imtiagms g hgsvimtiagms4 Gmtrg is prom`opios vimtiagms pehgles `otir i bioxi pgrhi hg `irai, ncuxe omomtgrrupte mes heos sgmtohes, `emstruáàe solpcgs g gxtrglilgmtg `urti, e`upimhe pgqugme gspiáe mi omsticiáàe. Pui prom`opic hgsvimtiagl ï i màe tgr uli gstimqugohihg tetic. 0.l.g ‐ ^écvucis acebe. ^   écvucis acebe täl gssg melg umovgrsicozihe hgvohe ê nerli acebucir `em`gbohi omo`oiclgmtg me predgte hg sgu `erpe. Xilbïl `emfg`ohi `ele rgaostre hg prgssàe, issol `ele i hg iaucfi, prgsti-sg i rgaucir vizàe g  bcequgir e ncuxe hg ncuohes gl uli uli tubuciáàe. Gxostgl Gxostgl hgshg is vécvucis vécvucis helïsto`is (i (i lioeroi his vécvucis vécvucis hg civitðroes, `fuvgores g pois sàe vécvucis hg acebe, `el i vghiáàe sgmhe `filihi hg –`irripgti“), itï vécvucis `el `gr`i hg HM 0:: (92“) eu itï lgsle HM 8:: (9>“). Pgu num`oemilgmte piri ibror eu ng`fir ï ngote limuiclgmtg per ul vecimtg noxe ê gxtrglohihg hi fistg g quimhe aorihi, prelevgré ul levolgmte hg trimsciáàe gl sgmtohe is`gmhgmtg he ebturiher i`epcihe ê eutrii gxtrglohihg fistgGxostgl qug ituiré mi sghg ce`icozihi me `erpeeuhihgs`gmhgmtg vécvuci, ibromhe, ng`fimhe eu rgaucimhe pissiagl hehi ncuxe.

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quitre vgrs÷gs hgstg tope hg vécvuci, tehis gcis `el `iri`tgrìsto`is `elums quimte ie num`oemilgmte, lis `el predgtes hg hospesoáàe he `erpe hg nerli tic qug is hongrgm`oil, preper`oemimhe issol lgcfergs epá÷gs ies predgtostis g omsticihergs gl lemtiagms hg tubuciá÷gs. Pàe glprgaihis `ele vécvucis hg rgauciagl bgl `ele vécvucis hg bcequgoe (em/enn) gl sgrvoáes hg éaui, ðcge eu aés (QEA) piri ncuohes sgl sðcohes gl suspgmsàe. Xilbïl màe hgvgl sgr glprgaihis emhg es ncuohes trimspertihes vgmfil i sg secohono`ir me omtgroer his vécvucis qug ï e `ise hg rgsomis, tomtis g vgrmozgs. ^imtiagms g hgsvimtiagms4 Gmtrg is prom`opios vimtiagms me glprgae his vécvucis acebe, pehg-sg gmulgrir e `emtrecg pir`oic he ncuxe, i`oemilgmte qugprgssàe is vécvucis hg aivgti,g pgrngoti gstimqugohihg, i viroghihg hes lgoes hgpiri coaiáàe, ipco`iáàe gl lios cirairépohe aili hg g tglpgrituri tgr uli né`oc limutgmáàe. Zehgl sgr omsticihis epgriá÷gs nrgqógmtgs. Gmtrg is prom`opios hgsvimtiagms me glprgae his vécvucis hg acebe, pehg-sg gmulgrir qug màe ihlotgl ncuxe mes heos sgmtohes g i pgrhi hg `irai gx`gssovi mes lehgces `el pissiagl gl –P“. 0.l.n ‐ ^écvucis hg iaucfi. X   ilbïl `emfg`ohi per `ele –acebe pemti hg iaucfi“ sàe is vécvucis hgstomihis ê rgauciagl prg`osi hg vizàe. I vécvuci hg iaucfi ï uli viroiáàe his vécvucis acebe g pertimte hg num`oemilgmte ohämto`e. Gci hongrg biso`ilgmtg me sgu gcglgmte hg vghiáàe (ebturiher) qug sg `iri`tgrozi pgce sgu nerlite `ømo`e gxtrglilgmtg iauhe, merliclgmtg `emstotuìhe mi prðproi gxtrglohihg hi fistg qug prelevg es levolgmtes hg ibgrturi, ng`filgmte g prom`opiclgmtg rgauciagms. Gstg tope hg vécvuci tgl e eronì`oe hg pissiagl bistimtg rghuzohe gl rgciáàe ê boteci hi vécvuci piri qug sg pessi ebtgr uli lioer prg`osàe mis rgauciagms hg vizàe. Is vécvucis hg iaucfi sàe omho`ihis piri sgrgl utocozihis gl ipirgcfes hg omstrulgmtiáàe hg ir `elprolohe, aisgs g cìquohes feleaämges gl agric `el bioxi vos`esohihg. 0  .l.a ‐ ^écvucis hg berbecgti. I   vécvuci berbecgti, uli his lios imtoais, rg`gbg gssg melg gl numáàe hi ipiräm`oi sg sgu eburiher, tgl  per numáàe i rgauciagl rgauciagl g e bcequgoe he he ncuxe gl uli uli tubuciáàe g pehg tribicfir tribicfir gl véro vérois is pesoá÷gs hg ng`filgmte pir`oic. E ng`filgmte hi vécvuci ï ngote pgci retiáàe hg uli pgái `or`ucir, `filihi hos`e, gl terme hg ul goxe pgrpgmho`ucir ê horgáàe hg gs`eilgmte he ncuohe. Yuisg tehis is vécvucis hg berbecgti täl imïos hg sghg gl gcistølgres, `el quios sg `emsgaug uli gx`gcgmtg vghiáàe. Is vécvucis hg berbecgti neril eroaomiclgmtg `em`gbohis `ele vécvucis hg rgauciagl, lis hgvohe ie iprolerilgmte iprolerilgmte hi sghg pehg tilbïl tribicfir `ele vécvucis hg bcequgoe. Ï utocozihi prom`opiclg prom`opiclgmtg mtg gl sostglis hg ihuáàe g hg hostrobuoáàe hg éaui bruti eu tritihi, g gl gstiá÷gs hg tritilgmte hg éaui g hg gsaetes g iomhi ï utocozihi mi omhôstroi quìlo`i, pgtrequìlo`i, nirli`äuto`i nirli`äuto`i g icolgmtì`oi. Zehgl sgr usihis gl sgrvoáes hg icti `erresàe  peos gxostgl vécvucis vécvucis `el rgvgstolgmte rgvgstolgmte imto`erresove timte timte me `erpe `ele `ele mi fistg g me hos`e hos`e hg ng`filgmte. Pàe utocozihis gl tubuciá÷gs `emtgmhe cìquohes, aisgs, om`cusovg cìquohes sudes eu `emtgmhe sðcohes gl suspgmsàe, bgl `ele piri sgrvoáes `erresoves. ^imtiagms g hgsvimtiagms4 Is vimtiagms hg uli vécvuci berbecgti sàe luotis, `ele i ni`ocohihg hg lemtiagl, `emstruáàe `elpi`ti, rebusti g cgvg e`upimhe pgqugme gspiáe, gx`gcgmtgs `iri`tgrìsto`is hg gs`eilgmte `el icti `ipi`ohihg hg vizàe, bioxe `uste g bei pgrnerlim`g `ele vécvuci hg rgauciagl g hg `emtrecg. I hgsvimtiagl hi vécvuci ï qug màe hgvg sgr omsticihi luote prðxoli i eutris vécvucis, i`gssðroes eu `emgx÷gs peos sui pgrnerlim`g pehgré sgr ingtihi. Hgpeos hg hgtgrlomihe tglpe hg epgriáàe pehgl iprgsgmtir vizilgmtes hg`errgmtgs he hgsaistg mituric his pirtgs omtgrmis. 0.l.f ‐ ^écvucis hg hoinriali. G   stg tope hg vécvuci tgl eroagl hg sgu melg coaihi i ul `elpemgmtg qug rgicozi i sui vghiáàe4 e hoinriali. Xriti-sg hg uli pgái lechihi g prgmsihi ngoti hg berri`fi eu pcésto`e. Hg `emstruáàe bistimtg solpcgs gstis vécvucis sg `elp÷gl hg träs umohihgs4 `erpe, hoinriali g tilpi. Hospgmsil quicqugr tope hg gmaixgtilgmte hi fistg. Pàe hg né`oc limutgmáàe g merliclgmtg holgmsoemihis piri tribicfe `emtìmue per  cemaes pgrìehes, `el uli `emhoáàe lìmoli hg limutgmáàe. I agelgtroi hg sgu `erpe rgprgsgmti ul pgrnoc imaucir pgrlotomhe rg`gbgr véroes topes hg rgvgstolgmtes, tios `ele4 berri`fi, gbemotg, vohre, tgncem, gt`. Icïl hosse, e lg`imosle hg i`oemilgmte ï `elpcgtilgmtg osecihe he ncuohe qug pissi gl sgu `erpe, gvotimhe issol gcglgmtes `ele dumtis g aixgtis. I vécvuci hoinriali superti ncuohes `erresoves, ibrisoves, gresoves g pehgl tilbïl sgr ipco`ihi piri `emtrecg hg aisgs omhustroios g pre`gssilgmte hg ncuohes `el  pirtì`ucis sðcohis, sðcohis, `ele pistis g cilis. Zessobocotil Zessobocotil rgspestis rgspestis répohis g rgauciagms rgauciagms g/eu bcequgoe hg ncuohes gl sostglis hg `emtrecg mis omhôstrois quìlo`is g pgtrequìlo`is, hg lomgriáàe, nirli`äuto`is, icolgmtì`ois,  vgrmozgs, bgbohis, usomis iáô`ir gngrtocozimtgs, éc`eec, simgilgmte sohgrôrao`is, `olgmte, `olgmte, tomtis g pipgc ghg`gcucesg, gt`. béso`e, tritilgmte hg gncugmtgs, sohgrôrao`is,

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^imtiagms g hgsvimtiagms4 Is prom`opios vimtiagms hi vécvuci hoinriali sàe4 Gstimqugohihg ibsecuti, lgsle qug fidi pghiáes hg sðcohes mi vécvuci, peos e hoinriali ncgxìvgc sg ng`fi gl terme hes sðcohes; E i`oemilgmte pehg sgr limuic eu per ituihergs; Osecilgmte tetic he lg`imosle gl rgciáàe ie ncuohe, e qug preper`oemi vohi uli  precemaihi; Ncuxe `emtìmue `emtìmue g mes heos sgmtohes; sgmtohes; Bioxi pgrhi pgrhi hg `irai hgvohe ês ês pgqugmis ebstruá÷gs omtgrmis; Omsticiáàe gl quicqugr pesoáàe; Colotiáàe iuteléto`i hg ng`filgmte gvotimhe terqug hglisoihe me hoinriali; Iusäm`oi hg gmaixgtilgmte mi fistg, hg gxtrgli olpertâm`oi me trimspertg hg aisgs; ^grsitocohihg g ni`ocohihg piri e rgvgstolgmte he `erpe; Zessuo vohi ôtoc cemai; Limutgmáàe solpcgs, sgl i mg`gssohihg hg rgtorihi hi vécvuci hi comfi.rgtorihe Bisti rgtorir es substotuìhe. quitre pirinuses supgroergs he `erpe e `istgce. E hoinriali pehgr sgr ni`oclgmtg g issol, Oste e`isoemi lgmer tglpeg rglevgr hg omtgrrupáàe hes pre`gsses. I prom`opic hgsvimtiagl ï hg qug i prgssàe g tglpgrituri hg tribicfe ï colotihi ie gcistølgre he hoinriali. 0.l.o ‐ ^écvuci hg limaetg. Ï   ul tope hg vécvuci hg `em`gpáàe luote solpcgs g biso`ilgmtg, ï `emstotuìhi per heos `elpemgmtgs, uli  pgái tubucir hg berri`fi, berri`fi, e limaetg, g e lg`imosle hg gstrimaucilgmte qug itui gxtgrmilgmt gxtgrmilgmtgg ie limaetg,  bcequgimhe eu rgaucimhe rgaucimhe e ncuxe. I prom`opic prom`opic `iri`tgrìsto`i `iri`tgrìsto`i hi vécvuci hg limaetg ï i lgsli lgsli pissiagl he ncuxe teticlgmtg covrg g preper`oemi uli gstimqugohihg tetic, lgsle gl ncuohes `el sðcohes gl suspgmsàe `el is pecpis, cilis g tehi aili hg ncuohes `el sðcohes gl suspgmsàe. Pelgmtg e limaetg gmtri gl `emtite `el e ncuohe, e i`oemilgmte g e `erpe hi vécvuci sàe teticlgmtg gxtgrmes. Is vécvucis hg limaetg gm`emtril uli visti ipco`iáàe gl prito`ilgmtg quicqugr `ilpe omhustroic, pirto`ucirlgmtg gl sostglis gl qug `iri`tgrìsto`is he ncuohe trimspertihe termgl i ipco`iáàe hg vécvucis `elums omvoévgc. Pgmhe issol ohgios  piri epgrir `el ncuohes ncuohes om`elums, tios tios `ele4 cìquohes cìquohes ibrisoves eu `erresoves, `erresoves, g `el arimhgs quimtohihgs hg sðcohes gl suspgmsàe, cilis, pecpis, lomïroes, gsaetes omhustroios g simotéroes, limusgoe hg pðs sg`es, gt`. ^imtiagms g hgsvimtiagms4 @ele prom`opios vimtiagms me glprgae hgssg tope hg vécvuci, pehgles `otir i né`oc limutgmáàe g cemai huribocohihg, i pissiagl pcgmi g i bioxi pgrhi hg `irai, ncuxe mes heos sgmtohes, e ng`filgmte `el tetic gstimqugohihg lgsle sebrg `erpes sðcohes g omsticiáàe solpcgs. @ele hgsvimtiagms màe ï omho`ihi ie use gl ncuohes seb ictis prgss÷gs eu tglpgrituris, màe pehgl idustir e ncuxe `el prg`osàe g hgvgl sgr omsticihis icomfihis g bgl noxihis ies ncimags, piri gvotir terá÷gs gl sgu `erpe `el prgduìze he hgsglpgmfe g hi vohi ôtoc. Ziri is vécvucis lios biritis, gl ngrre numhohe, g  prom`opiclgmtg piri piri es lehgces ng`fihes, ng`fihes, uli sïroi hgsvimtiagl ï e pgse, pgse, hgvohe ê rebustgz, rebustgz, g quimhe omsticihis gl comfis hg pcésto`es, hgvg-sg hir gspg`oic itgmáàe ies supertgs, peos mi lioeroi hes `ises hgvg-sg tgr supertgs gspg`oios piri is vécvucis. 0.l.d ‐ ^écvucis hg `emtrecg. G   ssg tope hg vécvuci ï utocozihi gl `elbomiáàe `el omstrulgmtes iuteléto`es g `elimhihis i hostâm`oi per  gssgs omstrulgmtes, piri `emtrecir i vizàe g prgssàe hg ul ncuohe. Ï gvohgmtg qug piri quicqugr tope hg vécvuci, i pgr`gmtiagl hg ncuxe pgrlotohe ï numáàe hi pgr`gmtiagl hg ibgrturi hi vécvuci, oste ï, gxxostg sglprg uli rgciáàe hg omtgrhgpgmhäm`oi gmtrg e ncuxe pgrlotohe g i pesoáàe hg ibgrturi. Yuimhe i ibgrturi ï zgre, e ncuxe sgré zgre, quimhe i ibgrturi ner 9::%, e ncuxe sgré 9::%. Mis M is pesoá÷gs omtgrlghoérois, i  pgr`gmtiagl hg ncuxe ncuxe pehg sgr lioer eu lgmer he qug i pgr`gmtiagl hg ibgrturi, ibgrturi, hgpgmhgmhe he tope tope hg vécvuci g hes pgrnos hi sghg g hi pgái hg ng`filgmte. Me `ise his vécvucis hg `emtrecg, gssi rgciáàe hg omtgrhgpgmhäm`oi ï lios olpertimtg, per sg tritir hg vécvucis hgstomihis ê rgauciagl roaeresi he ncuxe gl quicqugr pesoáàe. Es tilp÷gs g sghgs hgssis vécvucis tgl, per osse, pgrnos `uohihesilgmtg hgsgmfihes g `emstruìhes, piri rgsuctir gl numá÷gs prï-hgtgrlomihis. Es pgrnos lios `elums sàe es hg oauic pgr`gmtiagl g es hg ibgrturi répohi. I epgriáàe his vécvucis hg `emtrecg ï ngoti agriclgmtg pgce hoinriali gl ul sgmtohe, g  per uli leci rgaucévgc rgaucévgc me eutre sgmtohe. sgmtohe. I   s vécvucis hg `emtrecg, glberi hono`oclgmtg hono`oclgmtg hägl uli vghiáàe pgrngoti, sàe sglprg hg `emstruáàe g usomiagl `uohihesis g hg litgroios hi lgcfer quicohihg. 0.l.c ‐ ^écvucis hg rgtgmáàe. I   s vécvucis hg rgtgmáàe `iri`tgrozil-sg `iri`tgrozil-sg pgci iute-epgriáàe preper`oemihi pgcis hongrgmáis hg prgssàe gmtrg lemtimtg g dusimtg gxgr`ohis pgce ncuohe gl `emsgqóäm`oi he prðproe ncuxe, màe fivgmhe mg`gssohihg hi ituiáàe he epgriher. Is vécvucis hg rgtgmáàe sàe hgmelomihis hg –vécvucis umohorg`oemios“ g sàe omsticihis `el i nomicohihg hg gvotir i omvgrsàe me sgmtohe he ncuxe, e rgncuxe. Yuimhe e`errg i omtgrrupáàe me nermg`olgmte hg gmgraoi his belbis g, `emsgqógmtglgmtg e`errg i pirihi he gs`eilgmte, is vécvucis hg rgtgmáàe sg ng`fil e rgncuxe g rgtgmhe i `ecumi he ncuohe mi tubuciáàe. @ele numáàe sg`umhéroi, sàe olpertimtgs piriolpghomhe i limutgmáàe hi `ecumi hg cìquohe hurimtg i piricosiáàe g numhilgmtios tilbïl piri sg

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gvotir qug i sebrg-prgssàe `iusihi per aecpgs hg irìgtg rgsuctimtgs hi pirihi brus`i he gs`eilgmte `fgaug ês  belbis. Icaulis vécvucis vécvucis hg rgtgmáàe hosp÷gl hg –by-piss“ qug ï uli pissiagl pissiagl gxtgrmi `emtermimhe `emtermimhe i vécvuci, pgrlotomhe i pissiagl piricgci he ncuìhe gl rgciáàe ê vécvuci. Gssg hospesotove pehg gquopir  hgtgrlomihis vécvucis hg rgtgmáàe, trizgmhe `ele vimtiagms pgrlotor e ncuxe he ncuìhe piri i pirtg hi tubuciáàe osecihi pgci vécvuci, e qug ni`ocoti es tribicfes hg limutgmáàe eu iomhi preper`oemir i gs`ervi his  belbis. Me `ise hi vécvuci hg rgtgmáàe màe hosper hg by-piss, by-piss, sg mg`gsséroe hgvg sgr gxg`utihe mi prðproi tubuciáàe, coaimhe lemtimtg g dusimtg hi tubuciáàe. 0.l.l ‐ ^écvucis hg rgtgmáàe g ng`filgmte. P num`oemil àe sglgcfimtgs vécvucis sgmhe e tilpàe `ipiz hg pesoáàe hgscozirng`fihi, sebrg i fistg. Mi pesoáàe ibgrti, hg `ele is vécvucis hg acebe, rgtgmáàe hg cgvimtilgmte, g mi num`oemil `ele vécvuci  bcequgoe. Luote utocozihis utocozihis mis comfis comfis hg siìhi hg `ichgoris. `ichgoris. 0.l.m ‐ ^écvucis hg pï. I   s vécvucis hg rgtgmáàe hg pï eu solpcgslgmtg `filihis `filihis hg vécvucis hg numhe hg peáe, tgl per nomicohihg airimtor i gs`ervi his comfis hg su`áàe hg belbis. Merliclgmtg sàe iprgsgmtihis `emduaihis `el ul `rove eu rice. Pàe sglgcfimtgs ês vécvucis hg rgtgmáàe hg cgvimtilgmte, tgmhe agriclgmtg me tilpàe, ul hos`e hg litgroic rgsocogmtg piri lgcferir i vghiáàe. 0.l.e ‐ ^écvucis rghuteris hg prgssàe. P  àe vécvucis hgstomihis i limtgr `emstimtg i prgssàe i dusimtg he pemte hi omsticiáàe, uli prgssàe lgmer  qug i hg lemtimtg, hgmtre hg uli nioxi hg prgssàe prï-gstibgcg`ohi. Xilbïl sàe `emfg`ohis `ele vécvucis rgauciheris hg prgssàe. Pàe ipco`ihis sglprg qug sg qugr limtgr eu rghuzor i prgssàe hg uli tubuciáàe g, hgsti limgori, limtgr `emtrecg sebrg prgssàe, vizàe, mìvgos hg éaui, sostglis hg belbgilgmte g eutris ipco`iá÷gs gl sostglis omhustroios g hg `emhuáàe g hostrobuoáàe hg éaui g tilbïl rghgs hg ibistg`olgmte  piri sostglis hg orroaiáàe. Gssis vécvucis sàe iuteléto`is, iuteléto`is, oste oste ï, num`oemil sgl omtgrvgmáàe hg nerái letroz gxtgrmi. Gl luotis hgcis e num`oemilgmte sg niz itrivïs hg uli pgqugmi vécvuci pocete, omtgaric i vécvuci  prom`opic g ituihi pgci prgssàe hg lemtimtg, lemtimtg, qug hé eu màe pissiagl ie ncuohe piri i epgriáàe epgriáàe hi vécvuci  prom`opic. Ximte i vécvuci prom`opic `ele i pocete, ng`fil-sg per lgoe lgoe hg lecis hg tgmsàe tgmsàe rgaucévgc hg i`erhe `el i prgssàe hgsgdihi. ^imtiagms g hgsvimtiagms4 I vimtiagl ï i rgauciáàe hi prgssàe he ncuohe piri qug sg pessi nizgr i ipco`iáàe mi prgssàe lios `emvgmogmtg g pehgmhe sgr glprgaihi gl quicqugr tope hg ncuohe g sgr nibro`ihi `el hongrgmtgs litïrois. I lioer hgsvimtiagl ï e `uste nomic peos uli vécvuci rghuteri hg prgssàe sglprg rgqugr i omsticiáàe hg uli gstiáàe rghuteri hg prgssàe. Icïl Icïl hosse, rgqugrgl uli limutgmáàe limutgmáàe `emstimtg. 0.l.p ‐ ^écvucis hg sgaurimái g icìvoe. P  àe vécvucis qug täl per nomicohihg i pretgáàe pgsseic g i pretgáàe hg comfis g gquopilgmtes. Ï uli vécvuci hg iute-epgriáàe, usimhe i gmgraoi he prðproe ncuohe piri i sui epgriáàe, ibgrturi eu ng`filgmte. ^écvuci hg Pgaurimái ï ul hospesotove iuteléto`e hg icìvoe hg prgssàe, ituihi pgci prgssàe gstéto`i mi gmtrihi he ebturiher g `iri`tgrozihi pgci ibgrturi omstimtâmgi g osse e`errg quimhe e ncuohe ï ul viper eu aés. ^écvuci hg Icìvoe ï ul hospesotove iuteléto`e hg icìvoe hg prgssàe, ituihi pgci prgssàe gstéto`i mi gmtrihi he ebturiher g `iri`tgrozihi pgci ibgrturi cgmti ê lghohi qug i prgssàe iulgmti i`oli hi prgssàe hg idustg, e qug e`errg `el e tribicfe `el cìquohes. ^écvuci hg Pgaurimái g Icìvoe sàe vécvucis qug tribicfil timte `el cìquohes g aisgs. Pàe usihis mi pretgáàe hg tubuciá÷gs g gquopilgmtes `emtri sebrg-prgssàe g, `emsgqógmtglgmtg mi pretgáàe his vohis fulimis. Hgvgl sgr omsticihis horgtilgmtg coaihis ies pemtes i sgrgl pretgaohes g gmtrg i tubuciáàe g i gmtrihi vécvuci hg sgaurimái / icìvoe màe pehg mihi qug pessi olpghor e ncuxe, màe pehg fivgr  uli vécvuci hg bcequgoe piri limutgmáàe g mgl lgsle uli noauri eote. I pissiagl hgvg gstir  `elpcgtilgmtg covrg gmtrg i tubuciáàe tubuciáàe i sgr pretgaohi g i vécvuci hg sgaurimái / icìvoe. E tube hg siìhi hi vécvuci, e icìvoe, hgvgré hgs`irrgair gl uli érgi sgauri g `elpcgtilgmtg covrg. Ziri ir `elprolohe, viper g aisgs omgrtgs e pemte hg hgs`irai pehg sgr i itlesngri, gl ul pemte i`oli he ce`ic lios icte hi ghono`iáàe, sgaure piri i prgsgmái hg pgsseis. Ziri cìquohes gssg pemte pehgré sgr e prðproe timqug qug `emtïl e ncuohe eu iomhi ul timqug hgstomihe gspg`oiclgmtg piri gssg nol. Is vécvucis hg sgaurimái g icìvoe agriclgmtg täl i nerli imaucir g e be`ic hg gmtrihi ï, gl agric, ul peu`e lgmer qug e be`ic hg siìhi, merliclgmtg ul hoâlgtre ibioxe. 0.l.p ‐ ^écvucis hg `emtri-prgssàe. '  '^écvuci rgauciheri hg ncuxe tope pci`i luctovois hg `emtri-prgssàe rghuzohi''. Xriti-sg hg uli vécvuci tope  hg pci`i hg lôctopcis lôctopc is vois qugissol, pessuoul es eronì`oes gs` ipg `elsgl érgis hg pissiagl lioergs lioergs he es eronì`oes eroEnì`oes prgssàe, pessobocotimhe, iulgmte hg hg gs`ipg gno`oäm`oi ictgriáàe his holgms÷gs hi qug vécvuci. use hg

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luctovois pgrlotg e `emtrecg he sgmtohe hg levolgmtiáàe he postàe eu leter, `el uli ômo`i vécvuci. Huis H uis nerlis hg gcglgmte hgscozimtg sàe pessìvgos. I vécvuci tope pci`i comgir, bistimtg `emfg`ohi, tgl e gcglgmte hgscozimtg mi nerli rgtimaucir, pehgmhe sgr i`oemihi hg nerli horgti eu pgci hongrgmái hg prgssàe gmtrg es heos cihes hi pci`i. I vécvuci tope pci`i `or`ucir, qug ï uli omeviáàe, pessuo e gcglgmte hgscozimtg mi nerli hg hos`e qug ï i`oemihe horgtilgmtg. Gsti vécvuci pehg sgr utocozihi gl gquopilgmtes lg`âm`es hg use omhustroic gl agric, tios `ele; lg`âmo`is, quìlo`is, pgtrequìlo`is, lomgriáàe, pgtrecìngris pgtrecìngris;; piri e `emtrecg hg levolgmte (`emtrecg he sgmtohe g hi vgce`ohihg he levolgmte g `emtrecg hg pesoáàe) hg post÷gs g letergs fohréuco`es eu pmguléto`es. 0.m ‐ Dumtis piri ncimags. G   l tehis is coaiá÷gs ncimagihis gxostg sglprg uli dumti qug ï e gcglgmte hg vghiáàe. Yuimhe gl sgrvoáe, i  dumti gsté sublgtohi sublgtohi i uli nertg `elprgssàe preve`ihi pgce ipgrte hes pirinuses, g tilbïl tilbïl i ul gsneráe gsneráe hg `osicfilgmte hgvohe ê prgssàe omtgrmi he ncuohe `or`ucimtg. Ziri qug màe fidi vizilgmte itrivïs hi dumti, ï mg`gsséroe qug i prgssàe gxgr`ohi pgces pirinuses sgdi bgl supgroer ê prgssàe omtgrmi he ncuohe, qug tgmhg i inistir es ncimags. Zer gssg letove, quimte lioer ner i prgssàe he ncuohe timte lios huri g rgsostgmtg tgré hg sgr i dumti, piri rgsostor ie hupce gsneráe hg `elprgssàe hes pirinuses g hg `osicfilgmte pgci prgssàe. I dumti tilbïl hgvgré sgr suno`ogmtglgmtg hgnerlévgc g gcésto`i piri sg ilechir ês orrgaucirohihgs orrgaucirohihgs his supgrnì`ogs hes ncimags, airimtomhe i vghiáàe. Issol, is dumtis huris, sg per ul cihe rgsostgl i prgss÷gs lios ictis, per  eutre cihe gxoagl lioer pgrngoáàe me i`ibilgmte his ni`gs hes ncimags g me icomfilgmte hes tubes, g vo`gvgrsi. E litgroic his dumtis hgvgré iomhi rgsostor ê iáàe `erresovi he ncuohe, bgl `ele i tehi nioxi pessìvgc hg viroiáàe hg tglpgrituris. @   el ncimags hg ni`g `el rgssicte usil-sg dumtis gl nerli hg `erei `or`ucir, `ebromhe ipgmis e rgssicte hes ncimags, per hgmtre hes pirinuses. Is dumtis usihis `el es ncimags hg ni`g pcimi `ebrgl i ni`g `elpcgti hes ncimags, om`cusovg i nuriáàe hes pirinuses. Ziri es ncimags hg li`fe g nälgi g hg comaógti g rimfuri, is dumtis sàe gl nerli hg `erei `or`ucir gstrgoti, gm`ioximhe-sg me numhe hi rimfuri; `ele i dumti no`i `emnomihi, rgsostg i gsneráes luote gcgvihes timte hg `elprgssàe `ele hg `osicfilgmte. @el es ncimags hg ni`g piri  dumti hg imgc, usil-sg usil-sg dumtis hg imgc lgtéco`e li`oáe. li`oáe. Pàe es sgauomtgs es topes lios usuios hg dumtis piri ncimags4 0.m.i - Dumtis màe-lgtéco`is4 - Berri`fi mituric4 usihi piri éaui, ir, `emhgmsihe itï >:º@. - Berri`fis somtïto`is4 usihis piri ðcges itï 6:º@. - Litgroios pcésto`es4 usihes piri ncuohes `erresoves gl bioxis prgss÷gs g tglpgrituri ilbogmtg. - Zipgcàe fohréuco`e4 melg agmïro`e piri hgsoamir hovgrsis `cissgs hg dumtis hg iloimte `elprolohe `el ul litgroic iacutomimtg. 0.m.b - Dumtis sglolgtéco`is, gl gsporic4 G   ssis dumtis sàe `emstotuìhis hg uli cilomi lgtéco`i (agriclgmtg hg iáe omexohévgc), ter`ohi gl gsporic, `el gm`folgmte hg iloimte gmtrg `ihi vecti. Wsil-sg piri ncimags hg ni`g `el rgssicte, gl sgrvoáes i`oli hes colotgs pgrlotohes piri is dumtis hg pipgcàe fohréuco`e, g hg lehe agric, piri ncimags hg `cissgs hg prgssàe >::# eu lios ictis. Is dumtis sglolgtéco`is, sglolgtéco`is, gl gsporic sàe metévgos per sui gx`gcgmtg gcisto`ohihg. 0. Dumtis lgtéco`is necfgihis4 P  àe dumtis `el uli `ipi lgtéco`i, pcimi eu `erruaihi g gm`folgmte hg iloimte; i gspgssuri hi dumti ï hg 2 i 0 ll. Es `ises hg glprgae sàe es lgsles his dumtis sglolgtéco sglolgtéco`is `is gl gsporic, sgmhe qug gssis dumtis täl agriclgmtg vghiáàe lios honì`oc. Hgpgmhgmhe his `emhoá÷gs hg sgrvoáe, i `ipi lgtéco`i pehg sgr hg iáe`irbeme, iáes omexohévgos eu lgtic Lemgc. 0.m.` - Dumtis lgtéco`is li`oáis4 P  àe dumtis lgtéco`is `el ni`gs pcimis eu rimfurihis. Wsil-sg gssis dumtis `el ncimags hg ni`g `el rgssicte (piri prgss÷gs luote ictis), g `el ncimags hg ni`g hg li`fe g nälgi eu hg rimfuri g comaógti. Es litgroios glprgaihes sàe es lgsles his dumtis necfgihis. Gl tehis is dumtis lgtéco`is ï olpertimtg qug e litgroic hi  dumti sgdi lgmes hure he qug e litgroic litgroic hes ncimags. 0.m.h - Dumtis lgtéco`is hg imgc4 P  àe imïos lgtéco`es li`oáes hg sgáàe evicihi eu e`teaemic, sgmhe i evicihi i lios `elul. Is holgms÷gs he imgc, qug viroil `el e hoâlgtre g `el i `cissg hg prgssàe melomic he ncimag, gstàe pihremozihis mi merli IMPO.B.9>.2:. Gssgs imïos sàe agriclgmtg hg iáe omexohévgc, nibro`imhe-sg tilbïl hg iáe-`irbeme, iáes-coai, mìqugc g lgtic Lemgc, sgmhe sglprg pgáis hg nibro`iáàe `uohihesi. I hurgzi he litgroic hi dumti hg imgc hgvg sgr sglprg lgmer he qug i hurgzi he litgroic he ncimag. Hgvohe ê pgqugmi érgi hg `emtite hi

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 dumti `el es ncimags, ncimags, i nerái hg ipgrte mg`gsséroi piri gssis dumtis ï bgl omngroer ê lgsli nerái piri is  dumtis lgtéco`is lgtéco`is li`oáis. 0.e ‐ Zirinuses g gstedes piri ncimags. Ziri i coaiáàe hg ul ncimag me eutre g ipgrte hi dumti, glprgail-s glprgail-sgg heos topes hg pirinuses4 0.e.i - Zirinuses hg léquomi (rmi`fomg bects). E   s pirinuses hg léquomi sàe pirinuses `ocìmhro`es `el `ibgái omtgaric sgxtivihi eu quihrihi. I pirtg resqugihi mum`i ibrimag tehe e `erpe he pirinuse. Is holgms÷gs hes pirinuses gstàe pihremozihis mi merli IMPO.B.96.2, g is holgms÷gs hes nocgtgshihggxtrglohihg res`i mi merli IM IMPO.B.9.9. PO.B.9.9. pirinuses hg léquomi sàe hgsoamihes pgce `elprolgmte (lghohe he pirinuse itï i Es bisg hi `ibgái), g pgce hoâlgtre melomic hi res`i. 0.e.b - Gstedes (stuh bects). Es gstedes sàe birris `ocìmhro`is resqugihis `el per`is g `emtriper`is omhgpgmhgmtgs; i pirtg resqugihi pehg eu màe ibrimagr tehe e `elprolgmte. Es gstedes pgrlotgl lgcfer ipgrte he qug es pirinuses hg léquomi  perqug i pirtg lios lios nri`i hgssgs pirinuses pirinuses ï dustilgmtg dustilgmtg i coaiáàe he `erpe `el i `ibgái, `ibgái, pehgmhe sgr usihes usihes  piri quiosqugr prgss÷gs prgss÷gs g tglpgrituris. tglpgrituris. Es nocgtgs hg res`i hes gstedes hgvgl sgr ebtohes ebtohes per recilgmte recilgmte g màe  per `ertg (usomiagl). (usomiagl). Es gstedes sàe hgsoamihes hgsoamihes pgce `elprolgmte `elprolgmte tetic g pgce hoâlgtre melomic melomic hi res`i. Is holgms÷gs his per`is g hes nocgtgs hg res`i hes gstedes gstàe pihremozihes tilbïl pgcis merlis MPO.B.96.2 g IMPO.B.9.9.  Me ipgrte hes pirinuses pirinuses hostomaug-sg e ipgrte omo`oic g e ipgrte rgsohuic4 rgsohuic4 E ipgrte omo`oic omo`oic tgl per nomicohihg nomicohihg nizgr `el qug i dumti sg ihiptg e lios pgrngotilgmtg pessìvgc ês ni`gs hes ncimags, ilechimhe-sg i tehis is olpgrngoá÷gs g orrgaucirohihgs qug pessil gxostor. E ipgrte rgsohuic tgl per ebdgtove `elbitgr e gngote hi  prgssàe omtgrmi me tube tgmhgmhe i sgpirir sgpirir es ncimags. Gl tubuciá÷gs sudgotis i tglpgrituris gcgvihis, es pirinuses eu gstedes tgmhgl i sg hocitir g sg hgnerlir per  ncuäm`oi, ilbes es gngotes tgmhe per `emsgqóäm`oi inreuxir e ipgrte, sgmhe per osse mg`gsséroe ul meve ipgrte iho`oemic i qugmtg.

8 ‐ Zredgte hg Xubuciá÷gs ‐ Osecilgmte tïrlo`e.  E osecilgmte tïrlo`e tgl per prom`opic nomicohihg i `emsgrviáàe hi gmgraoi gl tubuciá÷gs g gquopilgmtes qug tribicfil gl bioxis eu ictis tglpgrituris. E osecilgmte tïrlo`e tilbïl tgl per nomicohihg i pretgáàe  pgsseic g i prgvgmáàe hg supgrnì`ogs ssudgotis udgotis ê `emhgmsiáàe `emhgmsiáàe eu e `emagcilgmte `emagcilgmte he viper h‟éaui he ir. E osecilgmte tïrlo`e pehg sgr ipco`ihe gl comfis qugmtgs eu comfis nrois, piri i `emsgrviáàe hi gmgraoi. Es litgroios `elulgmtg utocozihes piri e osecilgmte tïrlo`e i nroe sàe e pecourgtime gxpimhohe g e oseper. E use hi cà hg re`fi hgvg no`ir rgstroti ies pemtes emhg ï olpessìvgc e use he oseper eu he pecourgtime. Es litgroios `elulgmtg utocozihes piri e osecilgmte tïrlo`e i qugmtg sàe4 cà hg re`fi g soco`ite hg `éc`oe. E soco`ite hg `éc`oe ï `cissono`ihe `ele ul osecimtg tïrlo`e rìaohe g ï iprgsgmtihe gl pci`is, `icfis eu gl sgalgmtes. I cà hg re`fi ï `cissono`ihi `ele ul osecimtg tïrlo`e ncgxìvgc g ï iprgsgmtihe gl pci`is eu `icfis. 7 ‐ Zredgte hg Xubuciá÷gs ‐ Belbis fohréuco`is. B   elbis sàe léquomis agritrozgs `udi nomicohihg ï rgicozir e hgsce`ilgmte hg ul cìquohe per gs`eilgmte. Pgmhe uli léquomi agritroz, gci trimsnerli e tribicfe lg`âmo`e qug rg`gbg piri sgu num`oemilgmte gl gmgraoi, qug ï `elumo`ihi ie cìquohe seb is nerlis hg gmgraoi hg prgssàe `omïto`i. E lehe `ele ï ngoti i trimsnerliáàe he tribicfe gl gmgraoi fohréuco`i g e rg`urse piri `ghä-ci ie cìquohe iulgmtimhe sui prgssàe g/eu sui vgce`ohihg pgrlotg `cissono`ir is belbis gl4 Belbis hg hgsce`ilgmte pesotove eu veculðagmis; Xurbebelbis, `filihis tilbïl fohrehomâlo`is eu retehomâlo`is; Belbis gspg`oios. 7.i ‐ Belbis hg hgsce`ilgmte pesotove. Z  essugl uli eu lios `âliris, gl `ude omtgroer e levolgmte hg ul ðraàe prepucser `elumo`i gmgraoi hg  prgssàe ie cìquohe, preve`imhe e sgu gs`eilgmte. gs`eilgmte. Zreper`oemi gmtà gmtàee is `emhoá÷gs piri qug sg rgicozg e gs`eilgmte mi tubuciáàe hg isporiáàe itï i belbi g mi tubuciáàe hg rg`icqug itï e pemte hg utocoziáàe. I `iri`tgrìsto`i prom`opic hgsti `cissg hg belbis ï qug uli pirtì`uci cìquohi gl `emtite `el e ðraàe qug `elumo`iIsi belbis gmgraoi tgl iprexolihilgmt iprexolihilgmtg g i lgsli qug i he eu pemte hg ðraàe `el e quic gsté gl `emtite. hg hgsce`ilgmte pesotove pehgltridgtðroi sgr4 Ictgrmitovis Retitovis.

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7.i.i - Belbis ictgrmitovis. M   is belbis ictgrmitovis e cìquohe rg`gbg i iáàe his neráis horgtilgmtg hg ul postàe eu älbece (postàe icemaihe) eu hg uli lglbrimi ncgxìvgc (hoinriali). Zehgl sgr hg4 - Polpcgs gngote4 Yuimhe ipgmis uli ni`g he älbece itui sebrg e cìquohe, - Hupce gngote4 Yuimhe is huis ni`gs ituil, @   filil-sg iomhi4 - Polpcgx4 Yuimhe gxostg ipgmis uli `âliri `el postàe eu älbece, - Hupcgx4 Yuimhe sàe heos post÷gs eu älbeces, Xropcgx4 Yuimhe sàesàe träsquitre post÷gs älbeces, -- Luctopcgx4 Yuimhe eueu lios post÷gs eu älbeces. 7.i.b ‐ Belbis retitovis. M   is belbis retitovis e cìquohe rg`gbg i iáàe hg neráis prevgmogmtgs hg uli eu lios pgáis hetihis hg levolgmte hg retiáàe qug, `elumo`imhe gmgraoi hg prgssàe, preve`il sgu gs`eilgmte. I iáàe his neráis sg niz sgaumhe i horgáàe qug ï prito`ilgmtg i he prðproe levolgmte hg gs`eilgmte he cìquohe. I hgs`irai g i  prgssàe he cìquohe belbgihe belbgihe senrgl pgqugmis pgqugmis viroiá÷gs quimhe i retiáàe ï `emstimtg. `emstimtg. Zehgl sgr hg ul eu lios retergs. Gxostg uli arimhg viroghihg hg topes hg belbis retitovis4 Belbis hg gmargmiagms, hg picfgtis, fgce`eohios, hg gx`ämtro`e, gt`. 7.b ‐ Xurbebelbis. I   s turbebelbis, tilbïl `filihis hg belbis retehomâlo`is, sàe `iri`tgrozihis per pessuìrgl ul ðraàe retitðroe hetihe hg pés, `filihe hg reter, qug gxgr`g sebrg e cìquohe neráis qug rgsuctil hi i`gcgriáàe qug cfg olprolg. Gssi i`gcgriáàe, ie `emtréroe he qug sg vgrono`i mis belbis hg hgsce`ilgmte pesotove, màe  pessuo i lgsli horgáàe g e lgsle lgsle sgmtohe he levolgmte levolgmte he cìquohe gl `emtite `el is pés. I hgs`irai agrihi hgpgmhg his `iri`tgrìsto`is hi belbi, he môlgre hg retiá÷gs g his `iri`tgrìsto`is he sostgli hg gm`imilgmtes ie quic gstovgr coaihi. I nomicohihg he reter ï `elumo`ir i lissi cìquohi i`gcgriáàe, piri qug ihquori gmgraoi `omïto`i g sg rgicozg issol i trimsnerliáàe hi gmgraoi lg`âmo`i hg qug gsté hetihe. E reter   pehg sgr ng`fihe eu ibgrte. Gl rgciáàe rgciáàe ie môlgre hg retergs, i belbi belbi pehg sgr4 Belbi hg hg solpcgs gstéaoe, gstéaoe, quimhe gxostg ipgmis ul reter; eu belbi hg lôctopces gstéaoes, quimhe gxostg heos eu lios retergs. Gl rgciáàe ie môlgre hg gmtrihis piri isporiáàe, i belbi pehg sgr4 Belbi hg isporiáàe solpcgs eu hg gmtrihi umocitgric, quimhe i gmtrihi gmtrihi he cìquohe sg niz hg ul cihe g pgci ibgr ibgrturi turi `or`ucir mi `erei he reter; eeuu belbi hg isporiáàe hupci eu gmtrihi bocitgric, quimhe e reter ï hg tic nerli qug pgrlotg rg`gbgr e cìquohe per hos sgmtohes epestes, piricgcilgmtg ie goxe hg retiáàe. Is turbebelbis sàe `cissono`ihis gl4 7.b.i - Belbi `gmtrìnuai puri eu rihoic. E   cìquohe pgmgtri me reter piricgcilgmtg ie goxe, sgmhe horoaohe pgcis pés piri i pgrongroi, sgaumhe tridgtðrois `emtohis gl pcimes merlios ie goxe. Is tridgtðrois sàe `urvis prito`ilgmtg pcimis `emtohis gl  pcimes rihoios. 7.b.b - Belbi hg ncuxe loste eu belbi hoiaemic. M   is belbis hgstg tope, e cìquohe pgmgtri me reter ixoiclgmtg4 Itomag is pés `ude berhe hg gmtrhi ï `urve g om`comihe gl rgciáàe ie goxe, sgaug uli tridgtðroi qug ï uli `urvi rgvgrsi, peos is pés sàe hg hupci `urvituri, g itomag e berhe hg siìhi qug ï piricgce ie goxe eu coagorilgmtg om`comihe i gcg.Pio he reter  sgaumhe ul pcime pgrpgmho`ucir ie goxe eu sgaumhe uli tridgtðroi coagorilgmtg om`comihi gl rgciáàe ie  pcime pgrpgmho`ucir ie ie goxe. 7.b.` - Belbi fgco`eohic. M   gstis belbis, e cìquohe itomag e berhe his pés qug ï `urve g bistimtg om`comihe gl rgciáàe ie goxe4 I tridgtðroi ï uli fïco`g `ømo`i, rgvgrsi, g is pés sàe supgrnì`ogs hg hupci `urvituri. E berhe hg siìhi his pés ï uli `urvi bistimtg om`comihi gl rgciáàe ie goxe. E reter merliclgmtg pessuo ipgmis uli bisg hg noxiáàe his  pés `el i nerli hg ul `emg eu uli uli eaovi. Is belbis hgssg tope prgstil-sg prgstil-sg i arimhgs hgs`irais hgs`irais g icturis hg gcgviáàe pgqugmis g lïhois. Zer sgrgl is pés hg hupci `urvituri, sgu predgte ï lios `elpcgxe g sui nibro`iáàe iprgsgmti `grtes prebcglis hg numhoáàe. Is belbis fïco`e-ixoios sàe belbis `el nerlite omtgrlghoéroe gmtrg is belbis fgco`eohios g ixoios. 7.b.h ‐ Belbi ixoic eu prepucseri. M   gstis belbis, is tridgtðrois his pirtì`ucis cìquohis, pgci `emnoauriáàe qug issulgl is pés he reter g is pés auois, `elgáil piricgcilgmtg ie goxe g sg trimsnerlil gl fïco`gs `ocìmhro`is. Nerli-sg uli fïco`g hg vðrto`g neráihe, peos, ie gs`eilgmte ixoic, supgrp÷g-sg ul vðrto`g neráihe pgce levolgmte his pés. Màe sàe  preproilgmtg belbis belbis `gmtrìnuais, peos peos i nerái `gmtrìnuai `gmtrìnuai hg`errgmtg hi retiáàe his pés màe ï i rgspemsévgc

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 pgce iulgmte hi gmgraoi gmgraoi hg prgssàe. Is belbis ixoios sàe sàe glprgaihis piri arimhgs hgs`irais g icturis hg gcgviáàe hg itï lios hg 8: lgtres.

> ‐ Zredgte hg tubuciá÷gs ‐ @elprgssergs.  Wl `elprgsser ï biso`ilgmtg uli léquomi predgtihi piri, `ele e prðproe melg hoz, `elprolor icaul tope hg ncuohe gl gstihe aisese, g osse i`emtg`g per lgoe hg ul iulgmte mi prgssàe me omtgroer he ipirgcfe. Hgssi nerli ï pessìvgc cobgrir gssg ncuohe `el arimhg nerái, prevgmogmtg hgssi prgssàe. Wl `elprgsser pehg num`oemir hg ulni`oclgmtg sïrog hg limgoris hongrgmtgs, hg sui gmagmfiroi omtgrmi, lisuli es topes lios he `elums g lios gm`emtrihes epgrilhgpgmhgmhe nizgmhe i prgssàe iulgmtir per lgoe hg holomuoáàe gspiáe omtgrme, qug ï e`upihe pgce ncuohe aisese hg hgmtre he `elprgsser. Hgpeos qug e gspiáe ï e`upihe g i prgssàe gsté luote icti hgmtre he `elprgsser, fé e i`oemilgmte hg uli vécvuci per emhg sg hé e gs`ipg hgssg ncuohe. Issol, gssg ncuohe pehg sior `el uli arimhg nerái. E   s topes hg `elprgssergs gxostgmtgs me lgr`ihe sàe4 `elprgssergs hg ir piri sgrvoáes lios `elums, `elprgssergs hg ir piri use omhustroic, `elprgssergs `elprgssergs hg aés, `elprgssergs hg rgnroagriáàe g `elprgssergs  piri sgrvoáe hg vé`ue. vé`ue. Hg tehes gssgs topes, topes, e lios `elul g e hgstomihe hgstomihe i use rgsohgm`oic rgsohgm`oic g pgsseic ï e  prolgore tope. Xehes es eutres sàe `em`gbohes gx`cusovilgmtg gx`cusovilgmtg piri numá÷gs omhustroios omhustroios eu piri sgrvorgl hg `elpemgmtgs gl eutris léquomis eu prehutes.

1 ‐ Zredgte hg tubuciá÷gs ‐ @cissono`iáàe his tubuciá÷gs omhustroios quimte ie ncuohe `emhuzohe.  Es prom`opios ncuohes `emhuzohes per tubuciá÷gs sàe es sgauomtgs4 Xubuciá÷gs piri éaui4 - Éaui petévgc. - Éaui hg icolgmtiáàe hg `ichgoris (Hgslomgricozihi). - Éaui omhustroic. - Éaui sicaihi. - Éaui hg om`ämhoe. - Éaui hg orroaiáàe. - Éaui rg`upgrihi. @emsohgriá÷gs4 I   éaui petévgc, `el rgiáàe mgutri (pF gmtrg 7 g ?), bgl `ele i éaui hg icolgmtiáàe hg `ichgoris ï ul ncuohe hg bioxi `erresàe. I éaui omhustroic, bgl `ele i éaui hg om`ämhoe pehg, hgpgmhgmhe he pF, iprgsgmtir bioxi `erresàe. I éaui hg orroaiáàe, agriclgmtg `iptihi hg roes g peáes, hgpgmhg hi quicohihg hi éaui g tilbïl hg sg pF.Is tubuciá÷gs piri sgrvoáe `emtìmue `el éaui sicaihi (piri noms hg rgnroagriáàe, per  gxglpce), `emstotugl sglprg ul hes arivgs prebcglis hg limutgmáàe, hgvohe ê omtgmsi `erresàe i qug gstàe sudgotis. I `erresàe ï iarivihi `el i tglpgrituri g tilbïl piri vgce`ohihgs hg `or`uciáàe luote ictis eu luote bioxis (eu mucis). Icïl hi `erresàe fé iomhi e prebcgli hi precongriáàe hg icais, liros`es g eutres eraimosles liromfes, qug `iusil ebstruáàe his tubuciá÷gs g itiqug boecðao`e ie lgtic. Gssg ôctole  prebcgli pehg sgr rghuzohe eu `emtrecihe `emtrecihe pgci `ceriáàe prïvoi hi éaui. I éaui rg`upgrihi, per sgr sgr uli éaui rgiprevgotihi hg hovgrsis ipco`iá÷gs, pehg sgr `emsohgrihi `el uli `erresàe lios gcgvihi. Xubuciá÷gs piri ^iper4 - ^iper supgriqug`ohe. - ^iper siturihe. - ^iper gxiuste. - @emhgmsihe. @emsohgriá÷gs4 E   viper ï ul ncuohe peu`e `erresove, piri e quic es hovgrses litgroios pehgl sgr glprgaihes itï i sui tglpgrituri colotg hg rgsostäm`oi lg`âmo`i i`gotévgc. Gl quiosqugr tubuciá÷gs piri viper ï luote olpertimtg i pgrngoti g `elpcgti hrgmiagl he `emhgmsihe nerlihe, per lgoe hg puraihergs,. Ziri iuxocoir i hrgmiagl ï ngoti icaulis vgzgs i omsticiáàe hes tubes `el ul pgqugme `iolgmte `emstimtg mi horgáàe he ncuxe,  prom`opiclgmtg gl comfis hg viper siturihe, siturihe, emhg ï lioer lioer i nerliáàe hg `emhgmsihe. `emhgmsihe. E `emhgmsihe `emhgmsihe

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 prevgmogmtg hg viper, pehg `emtgr `grti quimtohihg quimtohihg hg @:2, qug hé eroagl ie é`ohe é`ohe `irbømo`e, luote luote `erresove. Xubuciá÷gs piri ðcges4 - Zgtrðcge `ru (Fohre`irbemgtes). - Xubuciá÷gs piri Zrehutes omtgrlghoéroes g nomios he pgtrðcge. - Ðcges vgagtios. - Ðcges fohréuco`es. @emsohgriá÷gs4 I   `erresovohihg hes fohre`irbemgtes, g pertimte i sgcgáàe hg litgroios piri tubuciá÷gs gl sgrvoáes `el fohre`irbemgtes, hgpgmhg numhilgmticlgmtg hi tglpgrituri g hi prgsgmái hg olpurgzis, prom`opiclgmtg hg  prehutes sucnureses g `cerihes. Es fohre`irbemgtes fohre`irbemgtes `el prgsgmái hg `cergtes, `cergtes, gl tglpgrituris tglpgrituris ibioxe he  pemte hg ervicfe, sàe sàe ictilgmtg `erresoves `erresoves hgvohe ê pessobocohihg pessobocohihg hg nerliáàe nerliáàe hg F@O hocuìhe. hocuìhe. @ele tehes es fohre`irbemgtes sàe omncilévgos eu `elbustìvgos, mi lioeroi hgssis tubuciá÷gs gxostg ros`e hg om`ämhoe. Is tubuciá÷gs piri ðcges vos`eses täl, gl agric, iqug`olgmte g osecilgmte tïrlo`e, g is tubuciá÷gs piri ðcges qugmtgs hgvgl tgr sglprg osecilgmte tïrlo`e. Xubuciá÷gs piri ir4 - Ir `elprolohe omhustroic. - Ir `elprolohe hg omstrulgmtiáàe. @emsohgriá÷gs4 E ir `elprolohe ï tilbïl ul ncuohe hg bioxi `erresàe. Lis gl tehis is tubuciá÷gs hg ir `elprolohe gxostg e prebcgli hi hrgmiagl hi éaui prevgmogmtg hi ulohihg qug sg `emhgmsi pgce rgsnroilgmte he ir, eu qug sg nerli quimhe e ncuxe me sostgli ï omtgrrelpohe. Zer gssi rizàe hgvgl sgr omsticihes sgpirihergs hg éaui gl tehes es pemtes bioxes, imtgs his vécvucis hg bcequgoe ` mis gxtrglohihgs hg comfis. Pg pessìvgc, i éaui `emhgmsihi hgvg `errgr per arivohihg piri es sgpirihergs. Yuimhe sg gxoag qug e ir sgdi colpe, `ele e ir hg omstrulgmtiáàe, `el i nomicohihg prom`opiclgmtg hi prgsgrviáàe hes gquopilgmtes emhg e lgsle sgré utocozihe, hgvgl tilbïl sgr omsticihes noctres piri rgtgr pegoris, ulohihg g ðcge `irrgihe. I prgsgmái hg ðcges g arixis gl comfis hg ir `elprolohe ï pgroaesi perqug pehg hir eroagl i gxpces÷gs `iusihis pgce iqug`olgmte `emsgqógmtg hi `elprgssàe he ir. Xubuciá÷gs piri aisgs4 - Aés hg oculomiáàe. - Aés mituric. - Aisgs hg pgtrðcge, aisgs hg sìmtgsg. - Aisgs hg icte-nerme. - @E2, exoaämoe, fohreaämoe gt`. @emsohgriá÷gs4 E   s aisgs quimhe sg`es, oste ï, limtohes gl tglpgrituri i`oli he sgu pemte hg ervicfe, sàe gl agric peu`e `erresoves. Ziri es aisgs gl tglpgrituris ibioxe he pemte hg ervicfe, pehgré fivgr sgvgri `erresàe hgvohe ê nerliáàe hg é`ohes hocuìhes. Hgvg-sg prgstir itgmáàe piri e `ise his tubuciá÷gs qug merliclgmtg tribicfil qugmtgs, lis qug quimhe neri hg epgriáàe, eu gl `emhoá÷gs imerlios, pessil no`ir gl tglpgrituri omngroer  ie pemte hg ervicfe. Ziri gssgs `ises rg`elgmhi-sg uli `elpcgti hrgmiagl eu e prggm`folgmte `el ul aés omgrtg. I prgsgmái he fohreaämoe, timte `ele aés pure `ele gl losturi `el eutres aisgs eu cìquohes, `iusi i nriaocohihg hes iáes gl tglpgrituris gcgvihis g e glpecilgmte (nerliáàe hg becfis) he iáe-`irbeme gl tglpgrituris lehgrihis, hgvohe ê pgmgtriáàe he fohreaämoe itølo`e me lgtic. Gl tglpgrituris luote bioxis icaums lgtios (`ele ï e `ise he iáe-`irbeme) pgrhgl i hu`tocohihg, no`imhe sudgotes i nrituris nréagos rgpgmtomis

Xubuciá÷gs piri gsaete hrgmiagl4 - Gsaete pcuvoic, cili hgg hrgmiagl.

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- Gsaete omhustroic. - Gsaete simotéroe. - Aisgs rgsohuios. - Hrgmiagl hg glgraäm`oi. @emsohgriá÷gs4 I   `errgmtg cìquohi gl tehis is tubuciá÷gs hg gsaete ï sglprg iargssovi. Mis tubuciá÷gs hg gsaete omhustroic, icïl hes cìquohes sgrgl `erresoves sàe iomhi nrgqógmtglgmtg hg miturgzi viroévgc, quimte ê `elpesoáàe quìlo`i, `em`gmtriáàe, tglpgrituri, `erresàe Mis omhôstrois hg piri pre`gssilgmte gxostgl quisg sglprg rghgs gspg`oios`emhoá÷gs hg gsaeteshgpiri ncuohesgt`. rgsohuios g tilbïl i hrgmiaglhghgncuohes glgraäm`oi hi omsticiáàe. Xubuciá÷gs piri ncuohes hovgrses4 Zrehutes icolgmtirgs4 - Bgbohis. - Virepgs. - Ðcges g aerhuris `elgstìvgos, gt`. Zrehutes pgtrequìlo`es4 - Xomtis, rgsomis, vgrmozgs, secvgmtgs gt`. Losturis rgnroagrimtgs / Zisti hg pipgc / Zrehutes quìlo`es hovgrses4 - É`ohes, éc`icos, gmxenrg numhohe. - Ilømoi, éc`eec. - @cere, urïoi, sehi - Pib÷gs gt`. @emsohgriá÷gs4 Gl prehutes icolgmtirgs, hgvg-sg gstir omnerlihe his pirto`ucirohihgs hes prehutes, `ele `em`gmtriáàe, tglpgrituri, irlizgmiagl, irlizgmiagl, gt`. Xilbïl hgvg-sg gstir itgmte `el e ilbogmtg gstïroc, qug màe pgrloti i  prepiaiáàe hg iagmtgs boecðao`es me`oves ê siôhg pôbco`i. Gl prehutes pgtrequìlo`es, pehg-sg telir is `emsohgriá÷gs ngotis piri Xubuciá÷gs piri ðcges. Gl é`ohes eu éc`icos, hgvg sgr telihe luote `uohihe `el i pessobocohihg hg iáàe aicvâmo`i gmtrg lgtios hongrgmtgs gl `emtite, qug pehgré rgsuctir gl `erresàe luote omtgmsi hgvohe h gvohe ie lgoe nertglgmtg gcgtrecìto`e. Hgvg-sg gstir itgmte, mes é`ohes, `el i tglpgrituri g i `em`gmtriáàe hes é`ohes, prom`opiclgmtg `el i hocuoáàe i`ohgmtic he é`ohe, qug pehg e`errgr gl `emsgqóäm`oi hi ibseráàe hi ulohihg he ir, g qug `iusiré voecgmti `erresàe mi tubuciáàe. Is éauis é`ohis eu ic`icomis tilbïl pehgl sgr ictilgmtg `erresovis.

 ‐ Zredgte hg tubuciá÷gs ‐ Ohgmtono`iáàe his tubuciá÷gs omhustroios quimte i `er. Zihremoziáàe his `ergs béso`is his tubuciá÷gs omhustroios quimte ie ncuohe `emhuzohe, sgaumhe i merli rgaucilgmtiheri M´ 2>. - ^grlgcfe. X   ubuciá÷gs hg `elbitg i om`ämhoe. - Ilirgce. X   ubuciá÷gs hg aisgs màe coqugngotes. - Cirimdi. X   ubuciá÷gs `emtgmhe é`ohes. - ^grhg. X   ubuciá÷gs hg éaui. - Izuc. X   ubuciá÷gs hg ir `elprolohe.

9?

 

- Zrgte. X   ubuciá÷gs hg omncilévgos g `elbustìvgos hg icti vos`esohihg. - Zôrpuri (cocés). X   ubuciá÷gs piri éc`icos. - Iculìmoe. X   ubuciá÷gs hg aisgs coqugngotes, omncilévg omncilévgos os g `elbustìvgos hg bioxi vos`esohihg. - @omzi `cire. X   ubuciá÷gs gl vé`ue. - @omzi gs`ure. G   cgtrehutes - Lirrem. X   ubuciáàe hg gsaete.

? ‐ Zredgte hg tubuciá÷gs ‐ Pupertgs piri tubuciá÷gs. E   s supertgs hg tubuciáàe (popg-supperts) sàe es hospesotoves hgstomihes i supertir es pgses g es hglios gsneráes gxgr`ohes pgces tubes eu sebrg es tubes, trimslotomhe gssgs gsneráes horgtilgmtg ie sece, ês gstruturis vozomfis, i gquopilgmtes eu, iomhi, i eutres tubes prðxoles. Es gsneráes qug ituil sebrg es supertgs sàe es sgauomtgs4 Zgses. - Zgse prðproe hes tubes, i`gssðroes, vécvucis g gquopilgmtes qug sgdil coaihes ê tubuciáàe g qug màe tgmfil supertgs eu numhiá÷gs prðprois. - Zgse hg ncuìhe `emtohe. - Zgse he osecilgmte tïrlo`e, sg feuvgr. - Pebrg`irais hovgrsis gxgr`ohis sebrg i tubuciáàe, tios `ele pgse hg eutres tubes, pgsseis, pcitinerlis, gt`, ipeoihis mi tubuciáàe. Neráis hg itrote prevgmogmtgs hes levolgmtes rgcitoves gmtrg es tubes g es supertgs. Gsneráes `emsgqógmtgs his hocitiá÷gs tïrlo`is hes tubes. Gsneráes hgvohe i iá÷gs homâlo`is hovgrsis, tios `ele aecpgs hg irìgtg, i`gcgriá÷gs he ncuohe `or`ucimtg, vobriá÷gs, iáàe he vgmte, gt`. G   xostg uli arimhg viroghihg hg topes g hg lehgces hongrgmtgs hg supertgs hg tubuciáàe. Hg i`erhe `el i numáàe prom`opic qug gxgr`gl, es supertgs pehgl sgr `cissono`ihes gl4 6.i ‐ Pupertgs hgstomihes i colotir es levolgmtes hes tubes. - Hospesotoves hg noxiáàe tetic4 Im`eriagms. - Hospesotoves qug pgrlotgl ipgmis levolgmtes ixoios4 Auois. - Hospesotoves qug olpghgl e levolgmte gl ul sgmtohe4 Bitgmtgs. - Hospesotoves qug olpghgl es levolgmtes citgrios4 @emtrivgmt @emtrivgmtes. es. 6.b ‐ Pupertgs hgstomihes i sustgmtir es pgses. - Rìaohes4 Ipeoihes eu pgmhurihes. - Pglo-rìaohes. - Màe rìaohes4 @emtripgse eu hg leci. 6.` ‐ Hospesotoves qug ibservgl vobriá÷gs. - Ilertg`ghergs.

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