Curso de Ingles 12 de 30
May 13, 2018 | Author: Dannny | Category: N/A
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UNIT
12
1 A Birthday Party
Tom
-
Margaret
-
Then I must buy the present today, because the shops are closed on Sunday.
Tom
What present must you buy?
Margaret
-
Tom
-
You’re right, dear! My memory is very bad. Well, wh y do you want to buy a present for little Alice?
Margaret
-
For her birthday.
You could send her a nice book.
Margaret
-
Tom
-
Or you could buy her a nice toy car, or a toy train, or a big ball.
Margaret
-
No, dear! Those are presents for little boys, not f or little girls.
Tom
-
Well, Wednesday is the tenth of August, and your birthday is on the eleventh of August, that’s stran ge.
Margaret
Margaret Tom
Tom Margaret Tom Margaret Tom Margaret Tom
Tom! What day is it today? It’s Saturday, I think. - Yes! Yesterday was Friday, so today is Saturday.
A present for my little niece. What little niece? Have you got a little niece? Tom! Your memory! Don’t you remember that my sister Linda has got a little daughter? Little Alice!
When is her birthday? Next Wednesday. How old is she? Four years old on Wednesday, so I want to send her a birthday present. What can I send her?
A book? But she’s only four! I mean a book with pictures, coloured pictures. No. She prefers dolls. Yes, a doll is a nice presen t. She can play with it. She can dress it and undress it.
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UNIT
12
2
(continuation)
A Birthday Party
Margaret
-
Yes, it is. When I’m in London we always give a par ty on the eleventh of August. We celebrate the two birthdays on the same day. Last year we had a wonderful party, but this year I’m not there. So, n o party for me this year.
Tom
-
Margaret
-
Tom
-
You’re wrong, dear. You can have a party. Why not? You can have a splendid party, with flowers and presents, and a big birthday cake. And you can invi te some of the people in the hotel. The manager can gi ve us a private room and we can dance, too. Oh, wonderful, Tom! And listen! Last year I had a c ake with my name on it - and my age - and the date. I would like to have the same this year, too. You want a cake with with your name name on it? Why not?
Margaret
Yes, dear. My name in sugar letters, and my age and the date. And I want twenty-three candles round the cake; little coloured candles: blue, red, green and yellow. Of course, dear!
Margaret
-
Tom
-
Cold milk? Lemonade? Orangeade? But those are drinks for children! You must offer whisky, whisky, dear beer, gin, rum, wine - good red Spanish wine -
Margaret
-
All right, dear. Whisky and beer and all the other hard drinks; but some soft drinks, too, for t he ladies.
Tom
And, we must have other refreshments too. Not only cake. I want to have many little snacks … with cheese, olives … cold meat … toast with ham … and some fruit too. For drinks we could offer iced coff ee, iced tea, lemonade, orangeade, cold milk …
=== hard drinks soft drinks
= bebidas alcohólicas (lit. bebidas duras) = bebidas analcohólicas (lit. bebidas blandas)
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UNIT to be
12
3
= ser; estar
present I
am
you he we you they
past
= yo soy; yo estoy
I
was
are is
you he
were was
are are are
we you they
were were were
= yo era, yo fui yo estaba, yo estuve
En la “ u n i t 3 ” hemos visto la forma interrogativa y negativa del “ Present ” . He aquí la forma int errogativa y negativa del “ Past ” . Forma Interrogativa
Forma Negativa
Forma Contracta
was
I?
I
was
not
I
wasn’t
were
you?
you
were
not
you
weren’t
was
he?
he
was
not
he
wasn’t
were
we?
we
were
not
we
weren’t
were
you?
you
were
not
you
weren’t
were
they?
they
were
not
they
weren’t
to have
= tener, haber
present I
have
you he
have has
past
= yo tengo; I yo he you
had
he
had had
= yo tenía, yo tuve; yo había, yo hube
. we you
have have
we you
had had
they
have
they
had
Nota
L a s f o r m a s i n t e r r o g a t i v a y n e g a t i v a d e “ had ” las veremos más adelante.
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UNIT
12
4
= verbos modales
Modal Verbs
can
could
present simple I you he
can can can
we you they
can can can
past simple
= yo puedo; yo sé (hacer algo)
I you he
could could could
we you they
could could could
= yo podía, yo sabía yo pude, yo supe
En la “ u n i t 6 ” hemos visto las formas interrogativa y negativa de “ can ” . He aquí las formas interrogat iva y negativa de “ could ” . Forma Interrogativa
Forma Negativa
Forma Contracta
could
I?
I
could not
I
couldn’t
could
you?
you
could not
you
couldn’t
could
he?
he
could not
he
couldn’t
could
we?
we
could not
we
couldn’t
could
you?
you
could not
you
couldn’t
could
they?
they
could not
they
couldn’t
must I you he
present simple = yo debo = tú debes = él debe
must must must
we you they
Forma Interrogativa
must must must
= nosotros debemos = vosotros debeís = ellos deben
Forma Negativa
Forma Contracta
must
I?
I
must
not
I
mustn’t
must
you?
you
must
not
you
mustn’t
must
he?
he
must
not
he
mustn’t
must
we?
we
must
not
we
mustn’t
must
you?
you
must
not
you
mustn’t
must
they?
they
must
not
they
mustn’t
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UNIT can 1.
12
5
could
must
can - could - must van seguidos del infinitivo sin “ t o ”
A la tercera persona del singular no se le añade “ s ” . •
Margaret c a n play the piano very well. S h e could speak French when she was only fifteen. Margaret must buy a present for her niece. >
could
“Could” puede ser usado como: Pretérito Imperfecto - Pretérito Indefinido - Presente Perfecto Compuesto - Condicional y Subjuntivo Pretérito Pretérito Im perfecto •
When Margaret was only four years old she could already play the piano . ( … sabía … ) Pretérito Indefinido
•
Presente Perfecto Compuesto
Abel couldn’t do his homework because he was too t ired.
(…no p u d o / n o ha podido … ) Condicional •
Tom says, “You could buy Alice a nice toy train.”
( … podrías … ) Subjuntivo Pretérito •
Abel says, “If I could could,, I would watch television every evening.”
Abel dic e, “Si pudiera , miraría la televisi ón cada tarde.”
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UNIT
12
6
“ Forma Interrogativa ” y “ Forma Negativa ” de los verbos.
1.
= ser; estar
to be
Forma Positiva Forma I n t e r r o g a t i v a Forma Negativa to have
= tener; haber
Forma Positiva Forma I n t e r r o g a t i v a Forma Negativa can
Jack h a s black hair. H a s Jack black hair? Jack has not ( hasn’t hasn’t)) black hair.
= puedo; sé (hacer algo) Forma Positiva Forma I n t e r r o g a t i v a Forma Negativa
must
Paco i s a good student. I s Paco a good student? Paco is not ( isn’t ) a good student.
Jane c a n speak French. C a n Jane speak French? Jane cannot ( can’t ) speak French.
= debo Forma Positiva Forma I n t e r r o g a t i v a Forma Negativa
Abel must get up early every day. Must Abel get up early every day? - H e must not ( mustn’t mustn’t)) waste time watching TV.
Nota 1. •
2. •
3.
En la forma interrogativa el v e r b o precede el sujeto . I s Luca…?
H a s Jack…?
C a n Jane…?
Must Abel…?
En la forma negativa se añade “ not ” al verbo. Luca is n o t … Jack has not … Jane cann can n o t … Abel must n o t …
w a s / were y could siguen las mismas reglas de can . Carmelo Mangano – http://www.inglesparaespanoles.com – for private or academic use only.
UNIT
12
7
“ Forma Interrogativa ” y “ Forma Negativa ” de los verbos.
2.
to do
= hacer
t o speak
Present Simple I you he
do do does
we you they
do do do
= hablar
Present Simple
= yo hago = tú haces = él hace etc.
I you he
speak speak s p e a k s
we you they
speak speak speak
= yo hablo = tú hablas = él habla etc.
En la página precedente hemos visto como se obtiene la forma i n t e r r o g a t i v a y la forma negativa d e : to be - to have - can - must y d e “ was - were - could ” . Ejemplo
I s Jack English?
Jack is not American. etc.
Con los otros verbos no se puede decir: •
Speak you French?
He speaks not French.
Se debe decir: •
= (lit. ¿Haces tú hablar francés?)
D o y o u speak French?
H e does not (doesn’t) speak French. = (lit. Él hace no hablar francés.) Forma Interrogativa
Forma Negativa
Forma Contracta
do
I
speak ?
I
do
not
speak
I
don’t
speak
do
you
speak ?
you
do
not
speak
you
don’t
speak
does he
speak ?
he
does
not
speak
he
doesn’t
speak
do
we
speak ?
we
do
not
speak
we
don’t
speak
do
you
speak ?
you
do
not
speak
you
don’t
speak
do
they
speak ?
they
do
not
speak
they
don’t
speak
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UNIT
12
8
ordinal numbers 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th
the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the
= números ordinales
21st 22nd 23rd 24th
firs fir s t seco n d thir thi r d four t h fifth sixt six t h sevent seven t h eighth ninth ten tentt h eleven t h twelfth thirteent thirteen t h fourteent fourteen t h fifteent fifteen t h sixteen t h seventeen t h eighteen t h nineteen t h twent ieth
30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th 100th 1000 t h 1.000.000 t h
the the the the
twenty-fir s t twenty-secon twenty-seco n d twenty-thir twenty-thi r d twenty-fourt twenty-four t h
the the the the the the the the the the
thirt ieth fort ieth fiftieth fift ieth sixt ieth sevent ieth eight ieth ninet ieth hundred t h thousand t h million t h
Nota 1.
La forma contracta de los números ordinales se obtiene añadiendo las últimas dos letras al número cardinal. 1st
2.
-
2nd
-
3rd
-
5th
-
20th
-
21s t
Como regla general, se añade “ - t h ” a los números cardinales. Excepto:
1st
-
2nd
-
3rd t w e l f t h sufren algunas variaciones
3.
ninth “ - t h ” . ortograficas antes de añadir “ -
4.
Las decenas se f orman cambiando la “ - y ” , en “ - i e t h” h ” .
fifth
-
twent y -
eighth
-
twent ieth
//
y - thirtieth thirt thirt ieth
etc.
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UNIT
12
9
the days of the week Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
múndi tju:sdi wenzdi †E:zdi fraidi sAtEdi súndi
the months of the year January February March April May June July August September October November December
dZAnjuEri februEri ma:tS eiprEl mei dZu:n dZulai Ø:gEst septembE EktEubE nEuvembE disembE
the seasons spring summer autumn winter Nota
= los días de la semana = = = = = = =
lunes martes miércoles jueves viernes sábado domingo
= los meses de año = = = = = = = = = = = =
enero febrero marzo abril mayo junio julio agosto septiembre octubre noviembre diciembre
= las estaciones
spriN súmE Ø:tEm wintE
= = = =
primavera verano otoño invierno
Los días de la semana y los me ses del año se escriben con mayúscula. >
birth day birthday
= nacimiento = día = día del nacimiento (cumpleaños)
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UNIT at
in
12
10
en las expresiones de tiempo
on
at
con los horarios con las fiestas con periodos de tiempo
At eight o’clock At Christmas, a t Easter At lunch time, a t dinner time
in I n the morning I n the afternoon I n the evening
con las partes del día
I n April - I n June etc. I n summer - I n winter etc.
con los meses con las estaciones
I n 1999 I n the 16 t h century
con los años
on O n Monday
- O n Sunday etc.
O n March 26 t h
con los días
con las fechas (cuando se expresa el día.) ( Abel)
Abel goes to school a t eight o’clock. A t lunch time he goes back home. I n the morning he is always at s chool except o n Sunday. I n Summer he usually goes to America to see his grandparents. O n weekends, i n August, he often goes to the seaside. O n March 26 t h he celebrates his birthday. A t Christmas he receives a lot of presents. •
•
America was discovered i n the 15 t h century, i n 1492. Carmelo Mangano – http://www.inglesparaespanoles.com – for private or academic use only.
UNIT
12
dates
11
= fechas
La forma más corriente de escri bir la fecha es la siguiente : •
2 6 t h March 2008
Pero se lee: o
March t h e twenty-sixth two thousand eight. T h e twenty-sixth o f March two thousand eight.
Las fechas se pueden escribir así: •
26/3/1998
o
26-3-1998
Warning
Los norteamericanos ponen el mes antes del día. 3/26/2008 = veintiseis de marzo 2008
En los Estados Unidos
26/3/2008 = veintiseis de marzo 2008
En Gran Bretaña
Como leer las fechas:
Usualmente el año se divide en dos partes. 1980
nineteen
eighty
” . Si el año termina en “ 0 0 ”, la segunda parte se dice “ hundred ”
1900
nineteen hundred
Si el año termina en - 0 1 - 0 2 - 0 3 1905
“ nineteen oh five ”
2008
two thousand eight
-04
o bien
-05
- 0 6 - 0 7
-08
y
-09
“ nineteen hundred and five ”
( excepción )
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UNIT
12
12
como se pregunta: la edad - How old are you?
lit. ¿Cómo viejo eres tú?
se contesta así: - I am fourteen years old. o I am fourteen. el día - What day is it today? - It is Friday. la fecha - What is the date today? - It is the seventh of July. la fecha de nacimiento - When were you born? - I was born on the fourth of July nineteen eighty- five. Nota to bear – bore - born to bear a child When were you born ? I w a s born on the...
= = = =
dar a luz dar a luz un niño ¿Cuándo fuiste dado a luz ? Y o fui dado a luz el...
la proveniencia - Where are you from?
¿De dónde eres? lit. -¿Dónde eres tú de?
- I am from Washington. la dirección - What is your address? - 23 Basil street, Bristol. Bristol. Carmelo Mangano – http://www.inglesparaespanoles.com – for private or academic use only.
UNIT
12
13
= vacación de verano
summer holiday
En inglés es muy corriente usar substantivos como adjetivos adjetivos.. = = = = = = = = = = = =
summer shoes chocolate cake lemon ice night club alarm clock tennis ball toy train toy car evening dress shoe shop book shop toy shop etc.
zapatos de verano tarta de chocolate helado de limón club nocturno (lit. club de noche) despertador pelota de tenis tren de juguete coche de juguete traje de noche ( lit. traje de tarde ) zapatería librería tienda de juguetes
Nota
El nombre usado como a d j e t i v o se pone siempre en singular. •
a shoe shop
a shoes shop
¡ Error !
>
= sobrinita (lit.. pequeña sobrina)
little niece
En inglés no existen diminutivos formados por terminaciones de palabras. Por lo tanto para dar la ídea de diminutivo, los ingleses se sirven de adjetivos. Los adjetivos usados son, “ l i t t l e ” o “ small ” . a little boy
= un muchachito (lit. un pequeño muchacho)
a little girl
= una muchachita
a small house
= una casita
a little daughter
= una hijita
a little son
= un hijito
etc.
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UNIT
12
14
= en
in
Tom and Margaret are i n the hotel lounge. The hotel is i n Barcelona. Barcelona is i n Spain. Spain is i n Europe.
•
Tom lives i n Laurel street, i n New York. Tom and Margaret are i n a shop buying souvenirs for their f riends. Tom and Margaret are i n the park looking at the stars.
= a
at
Abel is a t the bus stop. The bus stop is a t the corner of the road.
•
Si en inglés decimos: Abel is a t school a t the station...
-
a t church -
a t the cinema – a t a restaurant
-
...queremos decir que Abel está en la escuela para estudiar , en la iglesia para oír misa, misa , en el restaurante para comer comer ee t c . Si decimos: Abel is i n the school restaurant etc....
-
i n the church
-
i n the cinema - i n a
... queremos decir que se encuentra en la escuela, en la iglesia, en el cine, en el restaurante por otras razones . at
in to
•
se usan para posiciones se usa para movimiento o dirección
Margaret goes t o the post office. She buys stamps a t the post office. There are many people i n the post office. Tom and Margaret go t o the restaurant. They have lunch a t the restaurant. There are many people i n the restaurant. Carmelo Mangano – http://www.inglesparaespanoles.com – for private or academic use only.
UNIT
12
15
i n the morning
= por la mañana (lit. en la mañana)
i n the afternoon
= por la tarde (temprano)
i n the evening
= por la tarde
a t night
= por la noche
this morning
= esta mañana
this afternoon
= esta tarde (temprano)
this evening
= esta tarde
tonight
= esta noche
I n the night
T h i s night
¡Error!
¡Error!
> = próximo
next
next Monday, next Tuesday, etc. next week
= (el) próximo lunes, etc. = (la) próxima semana
next year
= (el) próximo mes = (el) próximo enero, etc. = (el) próximo año
next time
= (la) próxima vez
next month next January, next February, etc.
= pasado
last
last Monday, last Tuesday, etc.
= el lunes pasado etc.
last week last month last January, last February, etc. last year last time Nota
Delante de “ next ” y “ l “ l a s t ” , el artículo no se pone. > >>>>
niece grand-daughter
= sobrina = nieta
nephew grandson
= sobrino = nieto
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UNIT
round
1. •
16
= redondo = Un CD es redondo. = Las monedas son redondas. = La luna llena es redonda.
A CD is round round.. Coins are round round.. The full moon is round round..
round
2. •
12
= alrededor (de)
The earth moves round the sun. The moon moves round the earth. There are lots of satellites moving around the earth. Tom and Margaret are sitting in a garden. There are trees and f lowers all round t h e m . There is a wall round the garden. === earth to move wall
Nota
= tierra = mover, moverse = muro, pared
Around tiene el mismo significado de “ r o u n d ” . Around es más usado en el inglés norteamericano.
>
to know
1. •
- I know a lot of things about you. I know your name. I know where you live. I know how old you are. I know that you have a pretty fiancée. - And I know only o n e thing about y o u : You talk too much!
2. •
= saber
to know -
= conocer
Don’t you know m e ? No, I don’t. don’t. I’m sorry. I’m your your old schoolmate, Michael Michael Johnson. Oh, now I know you! Carmelo Mangano – http://www.inglesparaespanoles.com – for private or academic use only.
UNIT
12
17 Abel
Sunday is the best day of the week. In the morning, instead of my enemy, the alarm clock, my mother comes softly into my room and wakes me up with a kiss.
el mejor en lugar de suavemente
Last Sunday, the twenty-sixth of March, was a special day. It was my birthday. At breakfast time, my mother, my father and my sister
esperándome
Debra were in the kitchen waiting for me. me . They had smiles on their faces and a parcel in their
paquete
hands. My sister was the first one to give me a kiss and say, ”Happy birthday, Abel. I love you!”
-- That w a s really
la primera eso fue
beautiful! Then, my father and mother gave me a kiss and their
me dieron
presents. My father’s parcel was very large, I could easily understand what was inside it - a pair of roller-blades ! I
patines de ruedas en linea
was so happy! The kitchen table was full of delicious things to e at and drink: toast, biscuits, ham, fried eggs , jam, oranges, apples, orange juice, milk, coffee, tea… and
in the
middle of the table there was a beautiful vase with flowers,
and
a
large
card
saying,
"Happy
huevos en medio de había / jarrón
Birthday
Abelard! Your grandfather a n d grandmother love you
abuelo / abuela
very much!” My dear grandparents really love me. They live in America, but they never forget my birthday. And, they telephone me almost every week. Of course I don’t see them often often,, only when we go to America on vacation, or
abuelos se olvidan de casi a menudo
when they come to Italy to see us.
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UNIT
12
18
Abel
(continuation)
I think that I must explain to you why I live in Italy and
explicarte
they live in America. My father is Italian, but my mother is American. Sh e was born in Annapolis, Maryland. My father works for an American firm , and they send
empresa, firma
him to different countries to work. Before coming to Italy we lived in Spain. In fact, my
vivíamos
sister and I were born in Seville, a beautiful city in the south of Spain.
s u r
I like to live in Italy, because my father has lots of relatives here, and many friends, too. But one day I would
like to live in America for a few years, years, to be near
m y grandpa a n d grandma , m y uncles a n d aunts , and all my
parientes cerca de * vease abajo
American cousins.
But the main reason why I would like to live in America
razón principal
is to be near my favourite uncle - my uncle David. He is fantastic! He is the best uncle in the world!
* grandpa grandma uncle aunt
= = = =
abuelo abuela tío tía
Nota
Después de las preposiciones, en l ugar del infinitivo, se pone el gerundio . Ejemplo:
b e f o r e c o m i n g = antes de venir
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UNIT
12
19
Abel When people ask me silly questions I don’t like t o answer . But my mother is always telling me that it is rude not to answer. Last week, a young man working for a teenagers’ magazine, came to my school and asked us lots of silly questions.
preguntas contestar que trabaja vino / preguntó
Here are some of them: Mister X Abel Mister X Abel Mister X Abel Mister X Abel Mister X Abel Mister X Abel Mister X Abel Mister X Abel
Mister X
-
What’s your first name? My first name is Abelard. What’s your surname? My surname is Paganini. Is the famous violinist Paganini a relative of your family?
No lo sé.
I don’t know . Do you like classical music? No, I don’t. I like modern music. When were you born? I was born on the twenty-sixth of March. Where were you born? I was born in Seville, Spain. Then you can speak Spanish.
naturalmente
Of course, course , I can. Where are your parents from? My mother is from Annapolis, Maryland. And my father is from Florence Florence..
Florencia
So, which are you: Spanish, Italian or American?
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UNIT
12
(continuation)
-
Abel
20 Abel
I have an American passport passport,, and I am an American citizen because my mother is American. But, I am Italian too, because my father is Italian. I think that I have dual citizenship .
Mister X
-
So, you can speak English, Spanish and Italian.
Abel
-
Yes, I can. But I especially in Spanish.
Mister X
-
Do you like to watch TV?
Abel
-
Yes, of course . In my house we have a satellite dish , so we can watch programmes from many different
must
read
more,, more
pasaporte ciudadano
doble nacionalidad
más especialmente
naturalmente parabólica
countries: America, Great Britain, France, Spain… But when I finish my homework I’m too tired to watch TV. I can watch it only on Saturday evening and on Sunday. But only those programmes that my parents like. They say that there is too much violence on television. Mister X
-
Do you think that they are right or wrong?
Abel
-
I think that they are right, but I don’t tell them.
Mister X
-
Do you like this school?
Abel
-
Yes, I do. I like it very much because in this school there are boys and girls from
violencia
different countries. They teach us in English, but when we are alone we speak Spanish, Italian, French, German… Of
solos
course I don’t know much German or French, but every day I learn something.
no conozco cada (continúa)
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UNIT
12
21
Abel
(continuation) Mister X
-
Thank you, Abelard. Your answers are very interesting.
Abel
-
You must thank my mother.
Mister X
-
Why?
Abel
-
Because I generally don’t like to answer silly questions. But my mother says that it is rude not to answer when people ask y o u something .
Mister X
-
Do you think that my questions are silly?
Abel
-
No comment.
algo
sin comentarios
Nota
En español decimos::
¿Puedo hacerle una pregunta?
En inglés dicen:
Can I a s k y o u a question ? ?
lit. ¿Puedo preguntarle una pregunta?
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UNIT
12
22 George and Lydia
My name is George Gray. I am thirty-five years old. I work at a big department store in the centre of London.
grandes almacenes
I live in Glumville, a small town f i f t y miles away from London.
pueblecito / millas lejos de
I have no car. So, every day I must go to work by train. But I am not not the only person person in Glumville that goes to London by train. I get up very early, and I t r y not to make any noise , because I don’t want to wake my wife up. I shave, shave , I have a shower, and I have breakfast in a hurry, then I go to the train station. I always go to the station on foot, because it is o nly one mile away from my house. At the train station there are always many people waiting. Some of them work at the same place where I do, so, during the train journey we talk about football or about politics.
intento / ruido me afeito
de
viaje
The journey to London is usually very boring, especially in winter. But what can I do? That is li fe! Today I have a serious problem: it is my wife’s birthday. Why is my wife’s birthday a problem? Beca use she has very expensive tastes. I really don’t know what to buy her. I know that she would like some real pearls, but I haven’t got enough money to buy pearls. I work for many hours, every day. O f t e n, n , I work on Sunday, too. But we never have enough money. money. Why? Because my wife loves shopping. Shopping is her passion. She goes shopping almost every day. What does she buy? Everything Everything,, except some good food for my dinner.
que verdaderas a menudo
casi todo /excepto
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UNIT
12
23
George and Lydia Lydia, my wife, loves to buy new hats, new shoes, a nd new dresses. She also likes to go to the theatre, t o the cinema, to elegant cafés, and to good restaurants, o f
naturalmente
course.. course She also likes to take taxis. And as you know , taxis
como tú sabes
are not cheap. She never takes buses. According to her, buses are always crowded. Now she says that we must save money to buy a car.
ahorrar
Save money!? How can we save money if she never stops spending it? Well, it is half-past seven, and at eight o’clock t he shops close close,, and I must buy that present!
cierran
Oh, what can I buy? A birthday cake? A big box of chocolates? An interesting book? Some flowers? - They are all very nice things, but… Lydia wants pearls. I am an unhappy man.
infelíz
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UNIT
12
24
Margaret I have a sweet little niece whose name is Alice. She is
cuyo
four years old. Her birthday is on the tenth of Aug ust, and my birthday is on the eleventh of August. When I am in London, we always celebrate the two birthdays on the same day. Last year in August, Tom had to study for an exam, so we couldn’t go on vacation together . And so, I was in
juntos
London with my family. One day before the party, my sister Linda and I went shopping to buy lots of things for the party: meat,
antes de fuimos
fish, pasta, vegetables, bread, fruit, cakes and ma ny
tipos
kinds of drinks. We had a really nice party. M y whole family was together: my parents, my brother
entera
William, my sister Linda, her husband and, of cours e, little Alice. M y grandparents , my uncles, my aunts and all my
abuelos
cousins were there, too. The house was full of flowers and presents for Alice
llena
and for me. My brother William played the guitar, and I played the
todos
piano. Everybody was smiling, everybody was happy. After dinner, we had lots of cakes, fruit, coffee a nd tea… The children had orangeade, lemonade, Coca-Col a and chocolate milk.
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UNIT
12
25
Margaret
(continuation)
On
the
kitchen
table
there
were
two
beautiful
birthday cakes with coloured candles round them: on e for little Alice and one for me. At midnight we all went to the kitchen. Poor little Alice was very tired and sleepy sleepy,, but she was smiling
fuimos soñolienta
and happy. T h e lights were turned off and the candles were lit. (Las luces fueron apagadas y las velas fueron encen didas.) Then everybody began to sing:
empezaron
HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO YOU, HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO YOU, HAPPY BIRTHDAY ALICE AND MARGARET, HAPPY BIRTHDAY TO YOO UUUU! === to turn on to turn off to light to put out
= = = =
encender (la luz, la TV, la radio e tc.) apagar (la luz, la TV etc.) encender (el fuego, una vela etc.) apagar (el fuego, una vela etc.).
Carmelo Mangano – http://www.inglesparaespanoles.com – for private or academic use only.
UNIT
12
26 Translation
T r a d u c e o r a l m e n t e . e . En la página siguiente está la clave de esta
1 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
traducción. C o p i a toda la pagina.
-
How old are you?
-
That toyshop is open.
10. 11. 12. 13.
Then I must buy you a birthday present. That’s impossible. It’s already eight o’clock. All the shops are closed. Yes, but I’m not a child. Well, we can go to a café, and I can offer you a ch ocolate ice cream. The days of the week are Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday.
8. 9.
I’m twenty-four years old, and today is my birthday.
-
What is the date today? It is the fourth of July. And what day is it? It is Sunday. The weather is wonderful. The sun is shining. Where can we go? We can go to the park.
16.
-
17.
-
I know your name.
14. 15.
What can we do there? We can sit under the trees.
18.
I know your age.
19.
Your birthday is on the third of June.
20.
I know that you have three little nieces.
21. 22.
-
I know that you like orangeade. You know many things about wonderful
23.
-
No, it isn’t. You mustn’t exaggerate.
me,
and
your
memory
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is
UNIT
12
27 Translation
1.
Traduce al inglés por escrito y oralmente.
1.
-
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
-
10. 11. 12. 13.
Tengo veinticuatro años, y hoy es mi cumpleaños. Entonces debo comprarte un regalo de cumpleaños. Eso es imposible. Son ya las ocho. Todas las tienda s están cerradas. Aquella tienda de juguetes está abierta. Sí, pero yo no soy un niño. Bien, podemos ir a una cafetería, y puedo ofrecerte un helado de chocolate. Los días de la semana son: lunes, martes, miércoles , jueves, viernes, sabado y domingo.
8. 9.
¿Cúantos años tienes?
-
¿A cúanto estamos? Es el cuatro de julio. ¿Qué día es hoy? Es domingo. El tiempo es maravilloso. El sol está brillando. ¿A dónde podemos ir? Podemos ir al parque.
16.
-
17.
-
Conozco tu nombre.
14. 15.
¿Qué podemos hacer allí? Podemos sentarnos debajo de los árboles.
18.
Conozco tu edad.
19.
Tu cumpleaños es el tres de junio.
20.
Sé que tienes tres sobrinitas.
21.
Sé que te gusta la naranjada.
22. 23.
-
Tú sabes muchas cosas de mi, y tu memoria es maravillosa. No, no lo es. Tú no debes exagerar.
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UNIT
12
28 Exercises
2.
Contesta a las siguientes preguntas con una frase completa.
1.
What are the days of the week?
2.
What are the months of the year?
3.
What are the four seasons.
4.
What day is it today?
5.
What is the date today?
6.
In what month are we now?
7.
How old are you?
8.
When were you born?
9.
Where were you born?
10.
Where are you from?
11.
What is your address?
12.
What is your telephone number?
13.
What time do you usually get up?
14.
What time do you have breakfast?
15.
What do you usually have for breakfast?
16.
What time do you have lunch?
17.
What do you usually have for lunch?
18.
What time do you have dinner?
19.
What do you like to have for dinner?
20.
When do people send many cards?
21.
What do Christians celebrate at Easter?
22.
Where do many people go on weekends?
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UNIT
12
29 Exercises
3.
Completa las siguientes frases con : in
from
to
on
by
about about
for
of of
at
George works … . . a big department store … . . the centre … . . London. He lives … . . a little town 50 miles away … . . London. … . . the morning he gets up very early. He has breakfast … . . a hurry, then he goes … . . the train station … . . foot. He goes … . . London … . . train. During the journey he and his friends like to talk … . . football. The journey … . . London is very boring, especially … . . winter. George works … . . many hours every day. He often works … . . Sunday, too. George is married … . . Lydia. She is a very pretty woman, but she is very extravagant. She loves shopping. She likes to go … . . t h e theatre, … . . the cinema, and … . . elegant restaurants. Lydia doesn’t like to go … . . bus, because she says that they are always crowded, she prefers to go everywhere … . . taxi. === extravagant everywhere
= derrochador –ora = en todas partes – por todas partes
1.
Abel was born … . . Seville.
2.
Margaret and Alice celebrate their birthdays … . . the same day.
3.
Tom is … . . New York. Margaret is … . . London.
4.
… . . Christmas, people send lots of Christmas cards.
5.
… . . Easter, Christians celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
6.
… . . night, most people are in bed sleeping. === m o s t = la mayoría de
Carmelo Mangano – http://www.inglesparaespanoles.com – for private or academic use only.
UNIT
12
30 Exercises
4.
Completa las siguientes frases con “do” o “does”.
1.
W h y … . . Margaret want to buy a present for Alice?
2.
What present … . . Tom want to buy?
3.
… . . Margaret celebrate her birthday on the 10 t h or on the 11 t h ?
4.
… . . you celebrate your birthday?
5.
What … . . Margaret want to put on her birthday cake?
6.
… . . Tom and Margaret want to invite many people to the party?
7.
What kind of drinks … . . Margaret want to offer?
8.
… . . you like hard or soft drinks? drinks?
9.
… . . you think that these exercises are difficult?
5.
Cambia las siguientes frases en interrogativas.
Ejemplo:
Margaret lives in London / Does Margaret live in London?
1.
Margaret plays the piano.
2.
Tom likes to swim.
3.
They go to the beach every day.
4.
Margaret and Alice celebrate their birthday on t he same day.
5.
Alice receives many birthday presents.
6.
George works in a big department store in London.
7.
He goes to work by train.
8.
George and his friends like to talk about politics.
9.
George works for many hours.
10. 6.
Lydia wants real pearls for her birthday.
Cambia las frases del ejercicio 5 en forma negativa.
Ejemplo:
1.
Margaret plays the piano.
1.
Margaret doesn’t play the piano.
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UNIT
12
31 Exercises
7.
Escribe las siguientes fechas así como se leen.
Ejemplo:
2 2 n d April 1992 April the twenty second, nineteen ninety-two.
1.
1 1 t h January 1980
2.
1 s t June 1940
3.
3 r d August 1750
4.
2 5 t h December 1613
5.
2 n d September 1449
6.
4 t h July 1900
7.
8 t h October 1400
8.
9 t h February 1902
9.
1 0 t h November 1906
10.
1 s t January 2000
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UNIT
12
32 Vocabulary
age alcohol t o allow almost answer t o answer antenna dish April around to ask August autumn away from t o bear born t o begin I began birth birthday cake candle t o celebrate centre cheese Christ Christmas citizen citizenship t o close closed I came
eidZ AlkEhØl tu Elau Ø:lmoust a:nsE tu a:nsE AntenE diS eiprEl Eraund tu a:sk Ø:gEst Ø:tEm Ewei frEm tu beE bØ:n tu bigin ai bigAn bE:† bE:†dei keik kAndl tu selibreit sentE tSi:z kraist kristmEs sitizEn sitizEnSip tu klouz klouzd ai keim
edad alcohol permitir casi respuesta, contestación contestar antena parabólica abril alrededor (de) preguntar agosto otoño lejos de dar a luz dado a luz, nacido empezar empezé nacimiento cumpleaños pastel, tarta vela festejar centro queso Cristo Navidad ciudadano nacionalidad cerrar cerrado yo vine, yo venía
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UNIT
12
33 Vocabulary
to cry date daughter December department store dual Easter earth especially everything exam except t o explain February Florence Friday full I gave granddaughter grandchild grandson grandparents ham ice iced instead of t o invite January journey July
tu krai deit dØ:tE disembE dipa:tmEnt stØ: djuEl i:stE E:† ispeSEli ervri†iN igzAm iksept tu iksplein februEri flØrens fraidi ful ai geiv grAndØ:tE grAntSaild grAnsún grAnpeErEnts hAm ais aist insted Øv tu invait dZanuEri dZE:ni dZulai
llorar fecha hija diciembre grandes almacenes doble Pascua tierra especialmente cada cosa, todo examen excepto explicar febrero Florencia viernes lleno yo di, yo daba nieta ni nieto -a abuelos jamón hielo helado (adjetivo) en lugar de, en vez de invitar enero viaje, trayecto julio
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UNIT
12
33 Vocabulary
June kind t o know last lemonade I lived light t o light lit main manager March May t o mean memory Monday month t o move I must nephew next niece November October t o offer often olive open t o open orangeade other
dZu:n kaind tu nou la:st lemEneid ai livd lait tu lait lit mein mAnidZE ma:tS mei tu mi:n memEri múndi mún† tu mu:v ai múst nevju / nefju nekst ni:s nEvembE EktoubE tu ØfE Øfn Øliv oupEn tu oupEn ØrindZeid úTE
junio amable; tipo saber; conocer pasado limonada yo vivía / yo viví luz encender encendido principal director, gerente marzo mayo significar memoria lunes mes mover, moverse yo d ebo sobrino próximo sobrina noviembre octubre ofrecer a menudo oliva abierto abrir naranjada otro
Carmelo Mangano – http://www.inglesparaespanoles.com – for private or academic use only.
UNIT
12
34 Vocabulary
parcel party passport present private question reason t o receive real refreshment t o remember roller-blades room rum same Saturday t o save season sentence t o shave September t o sleep snack soft softly soft drink son south splendid spring
pa:sl pa:ti pa:spØ:t presEnt praivit kwestSEn ri:zn tu risi:v riEl rifreSmEnt tu rimembE roulE-bleids ru:m rúm seim sAtEdi tu seiv si:zn sentEns tu Seiv septembE tu sli:p snAk sØft sØftli sØft driNk sún sau† splendid spriN
paquete fiesta pasaporte regalo privado pregunta razón recibir verdadero refresco acordarse de, recordar patines habitación ron mismo sabado ahorrar estación oración afeitar, afeitarse septiembre dormir refresco suave suavemente bebida analcohólica hijo s u r esplendido primavera
Carmelo Mangano – http://www.inglesparaespanoles.com – for private or academic use only.
UNIT
12
35 Vocabulary
strange Sunday to try Thursday town little town toast together tonight Tuesday t o turn on t o turn off unhappy uncle t o undress usually violence wall to wait (for) I was waste t o waste Wednesday week weekend I went winter whole year yellow
streindZ súndi tu trai †E:zdi taun litl taun tEust tEgeTE tEnait tju:zdi tu tE:n Øn tu tE:n Øf ú n h Ap Ap i úNkl tu úndres ju:ZuEli vaiElEns wØ:l tu weit fØ ai wØz / wEz weist tu weist wenzdi wi:k wi:kend ai went wintE houl jiE jelou
extraño domingo intentar jueves ciudad pueblo pan tostado junto; juntos -as esta noche martes encender apagar infelíz tío desnudar, desnudarse usualmente violencia pared, muro esperar yo era, yo fui / yo estaba, yo estuve despilfarro, derroche despilfarrar, derrochar miércoles semana fin de semana yo iba, yo fui invierno entero año amarillo
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