Curación Energética Maya

 

 

 

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Butfr`hbhas hal astbnlac`d`agtf H`ractfr hal astbnlac`d`agtf: Dotr. D`oual Bgoal Cbdbjâ Cbnrarb Sunh`ractfr hal astbnlac`d`agtf: L`c. Jubg Dbrcal`gf Cbdbjâ Dbrtäg

Aqu`pf ha `gvast`obc`óg Dbrtb ]bul`gb Bjcft Cbdbjâ Lu`s Blirahf Kargâghaz Sblbzbr Jfsà Dbgual Cbdbjâ y Cbdbjâ ^fnartf Nagjbdäg Cbdbjâ y Cbdbjâ Dbohblagb Bsugc`óg Bjcft Yalâsquaz Iarhy Hfgblhf Ofgzâlaz Kargâghaz ^`cbrhf Blirahf Jaróg`df ]àraz Dbrv`g Iargbghf ]àraz Fsfr`f Jfsà Fttfg`al Cbdbjâ Obrcäb Aldb Gfkal`b Dàr`hb C`iuagtas D`ltfg Dbgirahf Yâsquaz Cbdbjâ Ahh`ldb Brbcaly Dàr`hb C`iuagta Kagry Hfd`gof Ftfg`al ]àraz Cbgtf Lu`s Iàl`x Nbck Nftóg Cbrlfs Dbgual ^fhräouaz ]àraz Dbrcfs Cbdbjâ Ofgzâlaz Dbygfr Ahubrhf Frhfòaz ^fhräouaz Xfdâs Astubrhf Obrcäb Yalâsquaz Iàl`x ]bscubl Sfläs Dàghaz Hfd`gof Nagjbdäg ]àraz ^fhräouaz Irbgc`scf Jfsà Nbck ]ú Brflhf Y`cagta Ofgzâlaz ]àraz

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Cffrh`gbhfrb hal aqu`pf ha `gvast`obc`óg

 

ÄGH@CA ]^ASAGXBC@ÓG ................................................. ...................................................................................................... ..................................................................... ................ 1 

@GX^FHQCC@ÓG....................................................................................................................  .................................................................................................................... 9  @.  XADB: Curbc`óg agaroàt`cb hasha al pagsbd`agtf dbyb ............................................ ?  2.2.  S@XQBC@FG BCXQBL HAL XADB  ................................................... ........................................................................... ........................ ?  @@. 

DB^CF CFGCA]XQBL ............................................................................................. 0 

3.8 Agaroäb ]ftagc`bl ........................................................................................................... 28  3.8.2 Agaroäb ]ftagc`bl Orbv`tbtfr`b ................................................................................ 28  3.8.> Agaroäb ]ftagc`bl Alâst`cb ............................................... ....................................................................................... ........................................ 28  3.8.3 Agaroäb ]ftagc`bl Alàctr`cb ..................................................................................... 28   3.1 Agaroäb Xàrd`cb ............................................................................................................. 28  3.9 Agaroäb @óg`cb ................................................................................................................ 21 

@@@. DB^CF DAXFHFLÓO@CF ........................................................................................ ................................................ ........................................ >3   3.2 Datfhflfoäb ha `gvast`obc`óg dbyb, pbrt`c`pbt`vb y ha bcc`óg: ............................... ............................... >3  3.> @gstrudagtfs: ............................................................................................................ ...................................................... ......................................................... ..... >3  3.3 ]rfcasfs ha `gvast`obc`óg: ........................................................................................... >3  @Y.  ^ASQLXBHFS ......................................................................................................... ................................................... ......................................................... ..... >8 

3

b. 

............................................... ................................................................... .............. 3=  Dbl ha fjf ....................................................................................................

n. 

Btagc`óg ha pbrtfs, hflfras ha c`gturb ................................................................... ....................................................... ............ 3> 

c. 

Lavbgtbr lb dfllarb .................................................................................................. 33 

h. 

Sustf .................................................................................................... .............................................. ............................................................................ ........................ 38 

a. 

X`r`c`b .......................................................................... ............................................ ............................ ¡Arrfr! Dbrcbhfr gf hai`g`hf. 

i. 

]ujf ............................................................................................................................ 39 

o. 

Zbibhurb .................................................................................................................... 3? 

k. 

@giacc`óg ha lb obrobgtb ................................................... ........................................................................................... ........................................ 3;  

 

`.  Hflfr ha cbnazb............................................................................................................. 30   j.  Y. 

. Hflfr ha astódbof .................................................................................................. 8=  ^AILA[@ÓG P H@SCQS@ÓG HA ^ASQLXBHFS .................................................. 8> 

Y@.  YBL@HBC@FG .......................................................................................................... .................................................... ......................................................... ..... 83  Y@@. 

B]F^XAS HA LB @GYASX@OBC@ÓG .................................................................. 88 

Y@@@.  ]^FPACC@ÓG HA SAOQ@D@AGXF HA LB @GYASX@OBC@ÓG  ..................... 8?  @[.  ]LBG P DADF^@B HA SFSXAG@N@L@HBH P ]A^]AXQBC@ÓG HAL CFGFC@D@AGXF DBPB CFG AY@HAGC@BS ..................................................................... ....................................................... ............ 8;  [. 

]^F]QASXB HA H@YQLOBC@ÓG HAL CFGFC@D@AGXF  ............................... 8; 

[@.  ^AIA^AGC@BS ........................................................................................................... 12  [@@. 

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BGA[FS.................................................................................................................... 1> 

 

]^ASAGXBC@ÓG Lb gbturblazb as iuagta ha v`hb, al sar kudbgf hapagha ha allb pbrb v`v`r y prfvaar b lfs suyfs, as lb agaroäb ha lfs bg`dblas y ugb nagh`c`óg pbrb lb kudbg`hbh. Hasha lb bgt`oüahbh, lbs hflagc`bs y bil`cc`fgas hal aspär`tu kbg biactbhf lb sbluh ha lfs saras kudbgfs5 ag lb v`hb ha lfs dbybs astb hflagc`b sa cfgtrbrrastb b trbvàs hal cfgfc`d`agtf qua lfs bnualfs y bnualbs t`agag sfnra lb gbturblazb. Al tadb: “Curbc`óg agaroàt`cb hasha al pagsbd`agtf Dbyb— , prfvaa ha cfgfc`d`agtfs ralavbgtas qua cfgtr`nuyag bl bpragh`zbja ha prfcasfs ha curbc`óg bgcastrblas ut`l`zbhfs kbstb al häb ha kfy. Hasha lb axpar`dagtbc`óg dbyb as pfs`nla dagc`fgbr qua lf qua gfs rfhab, prfvaa ha agaroäb aga roäb pbrb sbgbr hflagc`bs, agtra allbs: biacc`fgas iäs`cbs, adfc`fgblas y asp`r`tublas. Lb gbturblazb as iuagta ha prfv`s`óg hal sar kudbgf, y ugb ha lbs dbrbv`llbs qua prfvaa sfg: lbs  plbgtbs dah`c`gblas, astbs pfsaag gudarfsbs prfp`ahbhas qua bl ut`l`zbrlbs ha dbgarb cfrractb cfgtr`nuyag b lb sbg`hbh ha hflagc`bs y biacc`fgas, bhadâs ha lbs prbct`cbs trbgsd`t`hbs b trbvàs ha lfs bòfs pfr dah`f ha lfs bnualfs, bsä d`sdf hapagharâ ha lb agaroäb ha lb parsfgb qu`ag hasbrrflla al prfcasf ha curbc`óg pbrb kbcar aiact`vb lb sbg`hbh. Al tadb sa hasbrrfllb cfg al i`g ha rascbtbr y prfvaar `dpfrtbgtas cfgfc`d`agtfs sfnra al hasbrrfllf ha astbs kbn`l`hbhas curbt`vbs, bhadâs as iuagta ha `gifrdbc`óg `gif rdbc`óg pbrb cfgfcar bspactfs `dpfrtbgtas ha lb v`hb ha lfs dbybs, ag aspac`bl al cu`hbhf ha lb sbluh y lbs dah`c`gbs gbturblas ut`l`zbhbs pbrb sbgbr lbs hflagc`bs. As ha sudb `dpfrtbgc`b al bpfrta hasbrrfllbhf ag asta hfcudagtf, sfg cfgfc`d`agtfs fntag`hfs h`ractbdagta ha parsfgbs cfgfcahfrbs hal tadb, y qu`agas prbct`cbg tbg `dpfrtbgta lbnfr ag lbs h`iaragtas cfdug`hbhas hal Dug`c`p`f ha Cugàg, dbgtag`aghf v`vb lb agaroäb qua ax`sta agtra al cfsdfs, lb gbturblazb y al sar kudbgf.

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GX^FHQCC@ÓG  Xfhbs lbs culturbs hal dughf t`agag su prfp`b cfsdfv`s`óg, sfnra lb cubl sa cfgstruya al  pagsbd`agtf y lbs rabl`hbhas qua astbnlacag al frhag, lbs gfrdbs y lfs pr`gc`p`fs qua ouäbg al hasbrrfllf ha lb v`hb ha lbs parsfgbs. Ha bquä qua suroag h`iaragtas ifrdbs ha cfdpraghar, `gtarpratbr y rasflvar lfs iagódagfs gbturblas y sfc`blas5 ha bkä tagadfs lb culturb jbpfgasb, lb culturb dusuldbgb, lb culturb aurfpab, lb culturb dasfbdar`cbgb. Asta as al cbsf ha Oubtadblb, ag hfgha cfdpbrt`dfs al tarr`tfr`f y cfax`st`dfs parsfgbs cfg h`iaragc`bs culturblas5 pbrt`dfs  puas ha qua guastrb sfc`ahbh as dult`culturbl y pfr lf tbgtf sa kbca `gh`spagsbnla cfgfcar lb h`vars`hbh ha axpras`fgas cfg al fnjatf ha sar dâs cfgsc`agtas ha guastrb rabl`hbh, lf qua cfgllavb dfh`i`cbr lbs bct`tuhas kbc`b “al ftrf—, ibc`l`tbr al agtagh`d`agtf y al h`âlfof pbrb cfgtr`nu`r tfhfs

bl prfcasf ha cfgstrucc`óg hal hasbrrfllf hal pbäs. As pfr allf qua lb Bsfc`bc`óg ha Cagtrfs Ahucbt`vfs Dbyb-E‐`cka‐ plbgtab lb gacas`hbh ha qua tbgtf lfs hfcagtas ha h a lbs h`varsbs agt`hbhas qua ifrdbg b astuh`bgtas hasha lb i`lfsfiäb dbyb, cfgfzcbg ftrbs ifrdbs ha cfgcan`r al prfcasf sbluh agiardahbh-curbc`óg agaroàt`cb, qua bctubldagta yb sa astâ parh`aghf cfdf s`stadb ha curbc`óg agaroàt`cb. ]brb `gtrfhuc`r b lfs `gvflucrbhfs ag al tadb, sa prfpfga rav`sbr asta `gifrda, lfs cublas sa kbg h`str`nu`hf ha lb s`ou`agta dbgarb: ]r`darf lfs fnjat`vfs ha lb d`sdb as pbrb qua lbs parsfgbs cfgfzcbg lb `dpfrtbgc`b hal prfcasf qua sa llavb ag lb curbc`óg agaroàt`cb b trbvàs ha lfs cfgfc`d`agtfs bgcastrblas. Saoughf, rascbtbr lbs prâct`cbs ha curbc`óg qua cfgfcag lbs  parsfgbs aspac`bl`zbhbs ha h`iaragtas cfdug`hbhas cfdug`hbh as ag lb curb ha blougb agiardahbh ((trbudât`cbs, trbudât`cbs, gbturblas, sfnragbturblas, astbhfs adfc`fgblas), qua b trbvàs hal t`adpf y pfr sus hftas agaroàt`cfs, kbg hasbrrfllbhf lbs kbn`l`hbhas ha curbr, ut`l`zbghf h`iaragtas aladagtfs gbturblas, ag al cbsf hal dug`c`p`f ha Cugàg, kby parsfgbs cfg h`iaragtas cbpbc`hbhas agaroàt`cbs pbrb byuhbr b lbs parsfgbs qua pbhazcbg ha bloúg dbl. Lb `gvast`obc`óg sarv`râ pbrb plbsdbr ag ug hfcudagtf lbs h`iaragtas ifrdbs ha curbc`fgas agaroàt`cbs qua sa llavbg b cbnf ag al dug`c`p`f ha Cugàg, cfdf tbdn`àg lb s`stadbt`zbc`óg ha h`ckbs prâct`cbs bgcastrblas, pbrb qua ha ugb u ftrb ifrdb gf sa p`arhb lb sbn`huräb ha lfs bnualfs y bnualbs y sa puahb saou`r trbgsd`t`aghf, pbrb qua lbs iuturbs oagarbc`fgas puahbg bprfp`brsa ha lfs cfgfc`d`agtfs bgcastrblas, tbdn`àg sarv`râ pbrb cfgtaxtubl`zbr y v`vagc`br lfs cfgtag`hfs ha ârabs bi`gas ag lfs prfcasfs ha ifrdbc`óg bcbhàd`cb ha lfs bpragh`agtas.

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@.  XADB Curbc`óg Agaroàt`cb hasha al ]agsbd`agtf Dbyb Qe‐u‐x eugbgad rack qbt‐`t qbdbg  

2.2. S@XQBC@FG BCXQBL HAL XADB S`g huhb ugb ha lbs orbghas c`v`l`zbc`fgas ha Bdà Bdàr`cb r`cb cfdf lfs Dbybs, agtra ftrbs culturbs sa hastbcbrfg ag al cbdpf ha lb dah`c`gb, aspacäi`cbdagta ag al tadb ha lb curbc`óg agaroàt`cb  nbsbhfs ag h`st`gtfs dàtfhfs y tàcg`cbs, lforbghf bsä lb curbc`óg curb c`óg ha h`varsbs h`vars bs agiardahbhas qua sa dbg`i`astbg ag al sar kudbgf. Ha bcuarhf cfg lb FDS ag Sbrbn`b (>=29): “lb dah`c`gb trbh`c`fgbl trbh`c`fgbl as lb lb sudb tftbl ha cfgfc`d`agtfs, kbn`l`hbhas y prâct`cbs nbsbhfs ag tafräbs, craagc`bs y axpar`agc`bs fr`ughfs ha lbs h`iaragtas culturbs, sabg f gf axpl`cbnlas, usbhfs ag al dbgtag`d`agtf ha lb sbluh, bsä cfdf ag lb pravagc`óg, h`bogfs`s f trbtbd`agtf ha lbs agiardahbhas iäs`cbs f dagtblas — (p.3). Ag al pagsbd`agtf kfläst`cf lb dah`c`gb Dbyb ralbc`fgb ägt`dbdagta al cuarpf y al bldb, ralbc`fgb tfhbs lbs pbrtas y órobgfs hal d`sdf cuarpf, ralbc`fgb al cuarpf cfg al t`adpf cósd`cf, y ralbc`fgb al cuarpf cfg al iräf-cblfr. Xbdn`àg ag Sbrbn`b (>=29): “Dbgajb lfs pr`gc`p`fs v`tblas y cfgcaptubl`zb lb agiardahbh cfdf ug hasaqu`l`nr`f, al cubl puaha sar cbusbhf, pr`gc`pbldagta,  pfr aladagtfs cfg prfp`ahbhas iräbs y cbl`agtas. Lbs cbusbs qua btagtbg cfgtrb al aqu`l`nr`f cfrpfrbl puahag sar prfhuc`hbs pfr al prfp`f frobg`sdf, pfr su ibd`l`b, pfr lb cfdug`hbh, pfr lb gbturblazb y pfr lbs h`st`gtbs h`v`g`hbhas. — (p.8). Kfy ag häb asfs cfgfc`d`agtfs, craagc`bs y axpar`agc`bs sa kbg vag`hf prbct`cbghf b trbvàs ha lbs parsfgbs aspac`bl`stbs ag al cbdpf ha lbs curbc`fgas agaroàt`cbs qua sa dbg`i`astbg, s`aghf astbs cfdf: lfs curbgharfs, tarbpautbs, yarnbtarfs, kuasarfs, cfdbhrfgbs, tartularfs qua nuscbg al aqu`l`nr`f ha agiardahbhas, dah`bgta lb agaroäb ha lbs plbgtbs, bg`dblas, d`garblas, sar kudbgf y al sborbhf iuaof.

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Cbna dagc`fgbr qua lb Dah`c`gb Xrbh`c`fgbl D Dbyb byb sa prâct`cb ag cbhb rao`óg rao`óg hal pbäs, aspacäi`cbdagta ag lbs cfdug`hbhas `ghäoagbs qua búg cfgsarvbg lbs prâct`cbs culturblas ha lfs bnualfs y bnualbs dbybs ag al usf ha plbgtbs dah`c`gblas y ftrfs dàtfhfs gf cfgvagc`fgblas pbrb lb núsquahb hal aqu`l`nrf ha h`st`gtbs agiardahbhas cfdugas cfdf: al sustf, al dbl dbl ha fjf, lb cbähb ha dfllarb, al blnfrftf ha lfdnr`cas ag lfs g`òfs, t`r`c`b y ftrfs, hasaqu`l`nr`fs qua sfg duy iracuagtas ag g`òfs, jóvagas, bhultfs y kbstb cfg lbs parsfgbs bgc`bgbs y qua lb dah`c`gb fcc`hagtbl gf kb pfh`hf raspfghar b astfs hasaqu`l`nr`fs. Bctubldagta, b pasbr ha lb pfcb `dpfrtbgc`b qua sa la hb b lbs prâct`cbs curbt`vbs y b lb dah`c`gb trbh`c`fgbl dbyb, ax`stag búg dbhras adnbrbzbhbs, parsfgbs dbyfr ha lbs cfdug`hbhas qua bcuhag cfg lbs cfdbhrfgbs f curbgharbs pbrb lb núsquahb hal aqu`l`nr`f ha h`st`gtbs agiardahbhas dagc`fgbhbs bgtar`frdagta. As pfr allf qua sa hana ifrtblacar lfs cfgfc`d`agtfs ha lfs bnualfs y bnualbs dbybs b pasbr ha lb `giluagc`b y lb ifrdb ha v`hb ha culturbs fcc`hagtblas qua trbtbg ha cbdn`br al pagsbd`agtf hal puanlf dbyb. ]brb lfs bnualfs y bnualbs dbybs sa cfgs`harb ugb astrackb ralbc`óg agtra al cfsdfs y al sar kudbgf, ha tbl ifrdb qua al iuaof, al boub, lfs bg`dblas, lbs plbgtbs y lfs d`garblas sfg aladagtfs  pr`dfrh`blas qua t`agag pfharas cur curbt`vfs bt`vfs y qua bl cfdn`gbrlfs dbgt`agag ug iuarzb v`tbl ag al aqu`l`nr`f ha agiardahbhas, as pfr allf qua duckfs curbgharfs, cfdbhrfgbs, yarnbtarfs kuasarfs, tarbpautbs, ouäbs asp`r`tublas kbca usf ha astfs aladagtfs, pfrqua aqu`l`nrbr agaroäb as sbluh.  As pfr allf qua lfs ouäbs asp`r`tublas juaobg ug pbpal iughbdagtbl ag lb curbc`óg ha agiardahbhas b trbvàs ha l`dp`bs qua rabl`zbg hurbgta ugb caradfg`b, ha tbl ifrdb qua lforbg bct`vbr y pftagc`br agaroäbs bnughbgtas ag tfhfs lfs bspactfs ha lb v`hb hal sar kudbgf. Kfy ag häb ax`stag parsfgbs qua nuscbg al aqu`l`nrf ha sus h`st`gtbs hflagc`bs, hflagc`bs, dah`bgta al sborbhf iuaof y lb cfdug`cbc`óg cfgstbgta cfg al crabhfr y ifrdbhfr, lf cubl bcuhag cfg ug ouäb asp`r`tubl pbrb qua àl puahb hbrla raspuastbs b asfs hasaqu`l`nr`fs qua duckbs vacas al d`sdf sar kudbgf lfs prfvfcb.

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]frqua pbrb dbgtagar ugb sbluh aqu`l`nrbhb hasha lf agaroàt`cf, iäs`cf, dagtbl y n`flóo`cf as `dpfrtbgta v`vagc`br lfs pr`gc`p`fs ha pravagc`óg, cbsf cfgtrbr`f sä sa `ogfrbg al d`sdf sar kudbgf astbrâ hasaqu`l`nrbhf búg dâs ag su v`hb, lf qua raparcut`râ orbghadagta ag su agtfrgf. (BCAD, >==2)

@@. 

DB^CF CFGCA]XQBL Curbc`óg agaroàt`cb dbyb

As `dpfrtbgta racfgfcar lb sbn`huräb qua taj`arfg guastrfs bnualfs dbybs hurbgta su ax`stagc`b, lforbghf bcbpbrbr duckfs cbdpfs `gcluyaghf lb dah`c`gb.

S`g huhb kb s`hf al laobhf dâs orbgha qua gfs hajbrfg y pfr tbgtf as sudbdagta gacasbr`f gf flv`hbr, s`gf bl cfgtrbr`f, hanadfs saou`r trbsd`t`aghf b lbs guavbs oagarbc`fgas dbybs astfs orbghas cfgfc`d`agtfs, lf qua cfgllavb ug orbg ratf pfr lb ifrdb ha v`hb ha lb bctubl`hbh. B cfgt`gubc`óg, sa kb hasolfsbhf lbs hai`g`c`fgas ha lb dah`c`gb y tfhf lf qua bnbrcb asta tadb hasha al cfgcaptf fcc`hagtbl, sflf pbrb hbrgfs cuagtb qua guastrfs bnualfs y bnualbs kbg s`hf ugb c`v`l`zbc`óg duy sbn`b, puas hasha kbca d`las ha bòfs lf kbg sbn`hf y prbct`cbhf.

2.  Dah`c`gb Dah`c`gb (>=20), as lb c`agc`b y brta qua trbtb ha lb curbc`óg, pravagc`óg ha lb agiardahbh y hal dbgtag`d`agtf ha lb sbluh. Al fr`oag hal tàrd`gf sa har`vb hal vfcbnlf lbt`gf y qua s`og`i`cb "curbr, cu`hbr, dah`cbr". Ag ug pr`gc`p`f lfs cfgfc`d`agtfs ha Dah`c`gb tagäbg cbrâctar dâo`cfral`o`fsf cfg blougbs h`iaragc`bs saoúg lb àpfcb y lbs ral`o`fgas ag lbs h`iaragtas zfgbs zf gbs qua tagäbg h`st`gtf orbhf ha hasbrrfllf. (pârr. 2)

>.  Curbc`óg Lb curbc`óg as al prfcasf ha rastburbc`óg ha lb sbluh sblu h ha ug frobg`sdf hasaqu`l`nrbhf, agiardf f hbòbhf. 0

 

Lb curbc`óg puaha sar iäs`cb f ps`cflóo`cb y gf s`g lb racapc`óg dutub ha astbs astb s hfs h`dags`fgas ha lb sbluh kudbgb.

>.2 X`pfs ha curbc`óg >.2.2 Curbc`óg cuâgt`cb Lb curbc`óg gf as ag asagc`b ug prfcasf iäs`cf, s`gf ug prfcasf dagtbl. Ag duckfs cbsfs lfs dàh`cfs fnsarvbg lb curbc`óg ha ug kuasf irbcturbhf f lb rad`s`óg ha ug tudfr dbl`ogf, sólf bgbl`zbg al dacbg`sdf iäs`cf. ]arf al dacbg`sdf iäs`cf as ugb pbgtbllb. Hatrâs, kby blof duckf dâs bnstrbctf, ugb ifrdb ha sbn`huräb qua gf puaha varsa g` tfcbrsa. P, s`g adnbrof, asa cfgfc`d`agtf as ugb iuarzb pfharfsb qua gf sa kb bpragh`hf b cfgtrflbr. ]asa b lfs asiuarzfs pfr agcbrr`lbr han`hbdagta al prfcasf ha curbc`óg cubghf ibllb, lb dah`c`gb gf sbna ag quà cfgs`sta.

Lb curbc`óg as ug aladagtf v`vf, cfdplajf y kfläst`cf. Sa trbtb cfdf sa puaha, cfg duckbs l`d`tbc`fgas. Gf fnstbgta, bgta lf `gasparbhf, cubghf gfs dbrbv`llbdfs bgta ugb curbc`óg rapagt`gb y d`star`fsb ha ug câgcar tard`gbl, lb tafräb dàh`cb quahb sud`hb ag ug tftbl hascfgc`artf, puas cfdprfnbdfs agtfgcas qua guastrbs l`d`tbc`fgas sólf sfg brt`i`c`blas. (Ckfprb, >=2=,

Curbc`óg

Cuâgt`cb,

^acuparbhf

ha

kttp://l`nrfasftar`cf.cfd/n`nl`ftacb/sbgbc`fg/Haapbe%>=Ckfprb%>=%>=Lb%>=Curbc`fg%>=Cubgt`cb.phi)   %>=Lb%>=Curbc`fg%>=Cubgt`cb.phi)

>.2.>  Curbc`óg ha lbs adfc`fgas Ag Astbhfs Qg`hfs sa kbg axplfrbhf códf bl`v`br lb hapras`óg, lb bgs`ahbh f al astràs dah`bgta ugb cfdn`gbc`óg ha dàtfhfs qua sualag ut`l`zbr al cuarpf ag luobr hal lagoubja. Sa hascr`na lfs h`st`gtfs cfdpfgagtas ha h`ckf prforbdb, al pfr quà kbg s`hf alao`hfs, y códf sa kb ut`l`zbhf. Lfs orbghas pr`gc`p`fs pfhräbg rasud`rsa ha lb s`ou`agta dbgarb: Ag al `gtar`fr hal caranrf sa agcuagtrb ug caranrf adfc`fgbl, ug varhbharf. Asta caranrf cuagtb cfg ugb brqu`tacturb h`st`gtb, cfg ugb frobg`zbc`óg calulbr h`iaragta, a `gclusf cfg prfp`ahbhas  n`fquäd`cbs h`st`gtbs hal rastf hal gafcórtax, as hac`r, ha lb pbrta dâs avfluc`fgbhb hal h al caranrf, qua as lb saha hal lagoubja y hal pagsbd`agtf. Ha kackf, al caranrf adfc`fgbl suala iugc`fgbr 2=

 

`ghapagh`agtadagta hal gafcórtax. Al lagoubja lb cfog`c`óg gf t`agag dâs qua ugb `giluagc`b l`d`tbhb sfnra àl: gf sa la puaha frhagbr b ugb adfc`óg qua budagta ha `gtags`hbh, f qua hasbpbrazcb, ha lb d`sdb dbgarb qua sa puaha frhagbr bl aspär`tu qua kbnla f sa cblla. ]fr su pbrta, al caranrf adfc`fgbl cfgtrflb tfhf lf qua r`oa al n`agastbr ps`cflóo`cf y ugb orbg  pbrta ha lb i`s`flfoäb hal h al cuarpf: al iug iugc`fgbd`agtf c`fgbd`agtf hal cfrbzóg, lb tags`óg brtar`bl, lbs kfrdfgbs, al s`stadb h`oast`vf a `gclusf al `gdug`tbr`f. Lfs hasórhagas adfc`fgblas sfg cfgsacuagc`b ha h`siugc`fgas ha asta caranrf adfc`fgbl. Ag duckbs fcbs`fgas, astbs h`siugc`fgas t`agag su fr`oag ag axpar`agc`bs hflfrfsbs v`v`hbs ag al  pbsbhf, s`g ralbc`óg cfg al prasagta, parf qua sa kbllbg `dprasbs ha dbgarb `dnfrrbnla ag al caranrf adfc`fgbl. Astbs axpar`agc`bs bcfstudnrbg b cfgtrflbr guastrbs parcapc`fgas y cfdpfrtbd`agtf, b vacas vbr`bs hacagbs ha bòfs haspuàs. Lb tbrab pr`gc`pbl hal ps`cftarbpautb as “raprforbdbr— al caranrf adfc`fgbl ha dbgarb qua sa

bhbpta bl prasagta ag luobr ha cfgt`gubr rabcc`fgbghf b s`tubc`fgas hal pbsbhf. Cfg asta i`g suala sar dâs ai`cbz ut`l`zbr dàtfhfs qua pbsbg pfr al cuarpf y t`agag ugb `giluagc`b h`ractb sfnra al caranrf adfc`fgbl ag vaz ha usbr al agifqua hal lagoubja y lb rbzóg b lfs qua as tbg pfcf  pardabnla. Al caranrf adfc`fgbl pfsaa dacbg`sdfs gbturblas ha butfcurbc`óg, saoúg Sarvbg-Sckra`nar (>=29): sa trbtb ha cbpbc`hbhas `ggbtbs qua racuparbg al aqu`l`nr`f y al n`agastbr cfdpbrbnlas b ftrfs dacbg`sdfs ha butfcurbc`óg hal cuarpf, cua rpf, cfdf lb c`cbtr`zbc`óg ha ugb kar`hb f lb al`d`gbc`óg ha ugb `giacc`óg. Lfs dàtfhfs qua pbsbg pfr al cuarpf sa bprfvackbg ha astfs dacbg`sdfs.

>.2.3  Curbc`óg Kfläst`cb Lb dah`c`gb kfläst`cb pfhadfs hac`r qua as ug dàtfhf qua al fnjat`vf as curbr al bldb, lb dagta y al aspär`tu. Astb clbsa ha dah`c`gb lf qua kbca as agcbrobrsa ha lb rastburbc`óg hal aqu`l`nr`f orbc`bs b qua bpl`cbg tarbp`bs trbh`c`fgblas y cfdpladagtbr`fs qua sa cfdn`gbg ha tbl ifrdb qua llavbg bl pbc`agta b ug nuag astbhf ha sbluh. Su sbgbc`óg sa rabl`zb ha dbgarb gbturbl, lforbg ugb brdfgäb qua l`narb bl `gh`v`huf ha tfhf pbhac`d`agtf. 22

 

>.2.3.2  ]r`gc`p`fs qua r`oag lb dah`c`gb kfläst`cb Su pr`gc`pbl p`lbr as al bdfr cfdf agaroäb, al cubl t`aga ug pfhar curbt`vf cur bt`vf h`iäc`l ha `oublbr. Lb  pftagc`b qua t`aga astb agaroäb ug`varsbl sa usb pbrb lforbr lb sbgbc`óg ha lb dagta, cuarpf y aspär`tu. Astb as lb ifrdb ag qua cfg tfhbs lbs tarbp`bs, trbh`c`fgblas y cfdpladagtbr`bs qua `gtaorbg astb clbsa ha dah`c`gb qua sa nbsb ag al kfl`sdf, lb cubl lf qua nuscb as qua sa astbnlazcb ugb  nuagb sbluh y ug aqu`l`nr`f pbrb qua lb dagta y cuarpf iugc`fga brdóg`cbdagta. Lb dah`c`gb kfläst`cb sa prfhuca dah`bgta ugb ouäb qua sa puaha llbdbr dàh`cf f dag dagtfr. tfr. Ftrb ha lbs pbrt`culbr`hbhas qua h`iaragc`bg b astb clbsa ha dah`c`gb as al kfl`sdf, qua puaha ifdagtbr al pfhar qua t`aga cbhb parsfgb pbrb sbgbrsa b allb d`sdb, nbsâghfsa ag al pr`gc`p`f ha qua tfhf sar kudbgf t`aga ug pfhar sbgbhfr. B cbhb `gh`v`huf sa la v`subl`zb cfdf ug tfhf, trbtbghf ha nuscbr al aqu`l`nr`f hal tfhf. Lb kfläst`cb sa bpfyb ag astb dah`c`gb pbrb cfdpraghar su iugc`fgbd`agtf. (Feh`br`f, >=2;)

3 

Agaroäb Al tàrd`gf agaroäb t`aga h`varsbs bcapc`fgas y hai`g`c`fgas, ralbc`fgbhbs cfg lb `hab ha ugb

cbpbc`hbh pbrb fnrbr, suro`r, trbgsifrdbr f pfgar ag dfv`d`agtf. Lb agaroäb as `dpfrtbgta pbrb lb v`hb.

3.2  Agaroäb saoúg al nuh`sdf Lb cbpbc`hbh ha agaroäb v`tbl qua lbs parsfgbs tagadfs astâ l`d`tbhb y raqu`ara qua cbhb c`artf t`adpf sabdfs cbpbcas ha racbrobrlb. Asb agaroäb prfcaha ha hfs aladagtfs qua lb Dah`c`gb Xrbh`c`fgbl X`natbgb `hàgt`cb cfdf lbs asagc`bs HBGO y LB.

3.2.2 Agaroäb HBGO As guastrb iuarzb iäs`cb, guastrb v`tbl`hbh, y hapagha ag orbg dah`hb ha guastrb bl`dagtbc`óg, guastrb ifrdb ha v`hb y al astbhf ha bct`tuh `gtargb. Asb agaroäb sa p`arha cbh cbhbb häb ag lb `gtarbcc`óg cfg guastrf agtfrgf y lb prafcupbc`óg `gtargb qua gfs puaha oagarbr. As guastrf nr`llf y guastrb cbpbc`hbh ha kbcar. ]fhadfs racuparbr astb agaroäb cubghf saou`dfs lb h`atb cfrractb, ugbs 2>

 

 prâct`cbs ha dah`tbc`óg bhacubhbs y cubghf d`rbdfs lb v`hb cfg ug agifqua bhacubhf, agtagh`aghf lb rabl`hbh qua gfs rfhab.

3.2.>  Lb agaroäb LB As guastrb iuarzb dâs sut`l, guastrb agaroäb asp`r`tubl, guastrb cfgax`óg cfg al dughf bl g`val dâs prfiughf. Guastrb agaroäb LB as guastrb asagc`b, ras`ha ag guastrf cfrbzóg y gfs pard`ta sar qu`agas sfdfs. Astb agaroäb hapagha ha guastrb v`tbl`hbh parf, duckf dâs, ha guastrb cbpbc`hbh ha agtaghar lb v`hb. Lbs `giluagc`bs gaobt`vbs, lbs adfc`fgas y sagsbc`fgas hbò`gbs, lbs  prafcupbc`fgas, al astràs axcas`vf, ag hai`g`t`vb, tfhf bquallf qua gfs hajb iuarb ha gfsftrfs d`sdfs, hasc`agha guastrb agaroäb LB. ^acuparbr guastrb agaroäb sut`l as ugb tbrab cfdpl`cbhb, y  pfr allf, as gacasbr`f sar cfgsc`agtas ha allf y nuscbr lb ifrdb ha prftaoarlb y av`tbr qua sa p`arhb. Lb Dah`c`gb Xrbh`c`fgbl X`natbgb gfs prfpfga ugb sar`a ha aladagtfs gbturblas qua gfs puahag bpfrtbr asb prftacc`óg.

3.> Agaroäb saoúg lb C`agc`b Ag iäs`cb, sa agt`agha qua lb agaroäb as lb prfp`ahbh f lb cbpbc`hbh qua t`aga ug fnjatf ha  prfhuc`r trbgsifrdbc`fgas trbgsi frdbc`fgas b su blrahahfr. Xbdn`àg sa hai`ga lb agaroäb cfdf lb cbpbc`hbh ha ug fnjatf pbrb rabl`zbr ug trbnbjf, agtagh`àghfsa al trbnbjf cfdf al dfv`d`agtf prfvfcbhf pfr asb agaroäb. Han`hf b qua lb agaroäb puaha trbgsifrdbrsa parf gf sa crab g` sa hastruya, puaha sar cubgt`i`cbhb pfr su trbgsifrdbc`óg f cfgvars`óg b h`iaragtas ifrdbs. As hac`r, s` kbnlbdfs ha trbnbjf, lb dah`radfs dah`bgta iuarzb y bcalarbc`óg, s`g adnbrof, s` kbnlbdfs ha cblfr lb dah`radfs pfr cbdn`f ha tadparbturb.

3.>.>  Agaroäb saoúg A`gsta`g Cfg lb Xafräb ha lb ^albt`v`hbh A`gsta`g plbgtaó qua lb dbtar`b sa puaha trbgsifrdbr ag agaroäb aga roäb y lb agaroäb ag dbtar`b. Lb acubc`óg A 4 d c> ralbc`fgb lb dbsb cfg lb agaroäb, pfstulb su aqu`vblagc`b y cubgt`i`cb lb agaroäb qua sa prfhuca cubghf lb dbsb sa cfgv`arta cfg v`arta b agaroäb prfhuctf ha ugb axplfs`óg guclabr f cfdf cfgsacuagc`b ha lb prfhucc`óg ha agaroäb ag ug rabctfr guclabr (qua ut`l`zb cfdf cfdnust`nla al `sótfpf rbh`bct`vf hal urbg`f, al Q->31). (Xfdbhf ha kttps://www.bpraghacfgagaro`b.cl/blnart-a`gsta`g/)   kttps://www.bpraghacfgagaro`b.cl/blnart-a`gsta`g/) 23

 

3.3 Agaroäb C`gàt`cb Lb agaroäb c`gàt`cb as lb qua pfsaa cublqu`ar fnjatf qua sa agcuagtrb ag dfv`d`agtf, pfr lf qua tbdn`àg sa cfgfca cfdf agaroäb ha dfv`d`agtf. Lb agaroäb c`gàt`cb hapagha ha lb valfc`hbh y ha lb dbsb hal fnjatf.

3.8 Agaroäb ]ftagc`bl Lb agaroäb pftagc`bl hapagha ha lb pfs`c`óg hal fnjatf y puaha h`v`h`rsa ag tras sunt`pfs:

3.8.2 Agaroäb ]ftagc`bl Orbv`tbtfr`b Lb agaroäb pftagc`bl orbv`tbtfr`b qua as lb qua hapagha ha lb blturb hal fnjatf y t`aga qua var cfg lb orbvahbh b lb qua astbdfs sfdat`hfs tfhfs lfs cuarpfs y fnjatfs ha lb X`arrb. ]fr ajadplf, s` astbdfs ag al nblcóg ha ug tarcar p`sf taghradfs dâs agaroäb pftagc`bl orbv`tbtfr`b qua guastrf vac`gf qua astâ ag al pr`darf. Ha lb d`sdb ifrdb, gf t`aga lb d`sdb agaroäb pftagc`bl orbv`tbtfr`b ug p`bgf qua ugb trfdpatb, pfrqua lb dbsb ha lfs fnjatfs tbdn`àg `giluya.

3.8.> Agaroäb ]ftagc`bl Alâst`cb Agaroäb pftagc`bl alâst`cb qua sa l`narb cubghf ug dualla cfdpr`d`hf sa sualtb. Astb agaroäb lb pfsaag bquallfs dbtar`blas qua sfg alâst`cfs, as hac`r, qua t`agag lb cbpbc`hbh ha ast`rbrsa f haifrdbrsa ha su pfs`c`óg `g`c`bl parf qua tbdn`àg t`agag lb cbpbc`hbh ha racuparbr su ifrdb fr`o`gbl.

3.8.3 Agaroäb ]ftagc`bl Alàctr`cb Agaroäb pftagc`bl alàctr`cb qua t`aga ugb cbrob alàctr`cb cubghf lb s`tubdfs ag ug cbdpf alàctr`cf. Cfdf hapagha ha lb pfs`c`óg ha lb cbrob hagtrf hal cbdpf sa kbnlb ha agaroäb agar oäb pftagc`bl. Lbs cbrobs alàctr`cbs puahag sar pfs`t`vbs f gaobt`vbs y astbs oagarbg b su blrahahfr blrahah fr ugb zfgb (qua sa cfgfca cfdf cbdpf alàctr`cf) ag lb cubl s` `gtrfhuc`dfs ftrb cbrob alàctr`cb, biactbrâ b lb  pr`darb.

3.1 Agaroäb Xàrd`cb Lb agaroäb tàrd`cb as lb qua sa `gtarcbdn`b agtra hfs cuarpfs qua sa agcuagtrbg b h`iaragtas tadparbturbs. Al `gtarcbdn`f s`adpra sa prfhuca hasha al cuarpf qua astâ dâs cbl`agta kbc`b al qua astâ dâs iräf. Asta `gtarcbdn`f sa hat`aga cubghf lfs hfs cuarpfs sa agcuagtrbg b lb d`sdb 28

 

tadparbturb, pfrqua sa kb blcbgzbhf al aqu`l`nr`f tàrd`cf. Qg ajadplf ha agaroäb tàrd`cb as lb agaroäb oaftàrd`cb, qua as lb qua sa bldbcagb ag ifrdb ha cblfr ag al `gtar`fr ha lb X`arrb.

3.9 Agaroäb @óg`cb Lb agaroäb `óg`cb sa hai`ga cfdf lb agaroäb qua sa gacas`tb pbrb sapbrbr sapb rbr ug alactróg ag su astbhf iughbdagtbl ha ug âtfdf (ha ug aladagtf ag astbhf obsafsf). (Yaroar, >=2?, ]unl`cbhf ag kttps://c`agc`btfhby.cfd/qua-as-agaro`b-t`pfs/)   kttps://c`agc`btfhby.cfd/qua-as-agaro`b-t`pfs/)

8 

Agaroäb ha lfs Dbybs 8.2 Al ug`varsf, agaroäb asp`r`tubl  Guastrfs sbn`fs bgcastrfs bgc astrfs lfs Db Dbybs ybs gfs hbg lb raspuastb, allfs cf cfgs`harbg gs`harbg qua al Qg`varsf S@

ASXB Y@YF qua tfhf al Qg`varsf LBXA CFG Y@HB Y @HB y cfg AGA^O@B AS]@^@XQBL. Al “pulsf—

as al r`tdf ha lb iuarzb ha v`hb H`v`gb qua cfgt`gubdagta racrab tfhf lf qua ax`sta. Lfs Sbn`fs Dbybs kbnlbg ha astf cfdf ug ilujf ha agaroäb qua adbgb hal Bjbw (Crabhfr, Ifrdbhfr y Cfgstructfr), qu`ag astâ `gi`g`tbdagta dâs bllâ hal ug`varsf. Allfs h`cag qua lb agaroäb asp`r`tubl la hb v`hb b tfhf lf qua kby: lbs oblbx`bs, al s`stadb sflbr, guastrf plbgatb t`arrb, tfhf bg`dbl f pâjbrf, cbhb kfjb y cbhb orbg`tf ha bragb, dbgtag`aghf tfhf, tfhf cfg ax`stagc`b. Astb agsaòbgzb Dbyb gfs byuhb b cfdpraghar al cfgcaptf hal sborbhf Ckfl Xug, al Bòf Guavf hal pr`gc`p`f ha lb Crabc`óg y lb arb Dbyb. Lb iuarzb ha v`hb gf as ug ilujf cfgstbgta `gbltarbnla5 as ug “pulsf—. Bsä, ag al bòf guavf sborbhf Ckfl Xug, al bg`varsbr`f ha lb Crabc`óg, kby ugb guavb axplfs`óg ha iuarzb v`tbl qua v`aga ha XZ‐BEFL P N‐@XFL, BLFD P R‐BJFLFD bl dughf. (Dbybtacud, brtäculf tfdbhf ha   kttps://dbybtacud.cfd/astb-v`vf-

ug`varsf-astb-duartf/)   ug`varsf-astb-duartf/)

8.> Al Ckflq¸`j ug cblaghbr`f “H`dags`fgbl -Agaroàt`cf— Al cblaghbr`f Dbyb ugb ifrdb ha v`v`r y sagt`r lb agaroäb. As al dbpb ha bbyuhb yuhb pbrb al hasbrrfllf hal kfdnra. Lbs agaroäbs hal häb ha gbc`d`agtf ha ugb parsfgb byuhbg ag su hasbrrfllf parsfgbl ag asta plbgatb y ag brdfgäb cfg al cfsdfs cfg al i`g ha astbr ag aqu`l`nr`f.

21

 

8.>.> 

Cblaghbr`f Ckflq‐`j 

Al Ckflq‐`j as al cblaghbr`f sborbhf D byb, as al cblaghbr`f ha lb asp`r`tubl`hbh Dbyb, as al cblaghbr`f ha lfs häbs sbgtfs y prfp`c`fs Dbybs pbrb lb `gvfcbc`óg hal Bjbw Qe‐ux Ebj, Qe‐ux

Qlaw, (Crabhfr y Ifrdbhfr) ha lfs sborbhfs gbkublas y ha guastrbs bnualbs y bnualfs lfs Dbybs. Lfs bnualfs Dbybs gfs kbg hajbhf ug axtrbfrh`gbr`f laobhf b gfsftrfs sus hascagh`agtas y b tfhb lb kudbg`hbh, yb qua ag al sborbhf Ckflq‐`j sa s`gtat`zb tfhb lb sbn`huräb hal dughf bgt`ouf,

as al `gstrudagtf dâs út`l y trbscaghagta, tbgtf pbrb al sar `gh`v`hubl cfdf pbrb tfhbs lbs gbc`fgas,  puas gfs hb lb `gifrdbc`óg pbrb ug hasbrrfllf cfdplatf y brdóg`cf pbrb v`v`r sfnra lb dbhra t`arrb. Agtra lfs duckfs cblaghbr`fs qua tagadfs al puanlf Dbyb, al Sborbhf Ckflq‐`j as al “Cblaghbr`f _@GBR‐ (h`v`gf y kudbgf)—. As al s`stadb ha dah`c`óg hal t`adpf h`dags`fgbl-

agaroàt`cf l`obhf b lfs n`frr`tdfs kudbgfs. Cublqu`ar sar, s`tubc`óg, fnjatf, dbg`iastbc`óg, agt`hbh, agaroäb ha astb u ftrb h`dags`óg cfg lb qua al sar kudbgf `gtarbctúa, astâ cfgtag`hf y cfgtadplbhf hagtrf hal sborbhf Ckflq`‐j. (Dbybtacud, brtäculf tfdbhf ha kttps://dbybtacud.cfd/ckflq`j-sborbhf-cblaghbr`f-dbyb/)   kttps://dbybtacud.cfd/ckflq`j-sborbhf-cblaghbr`f-dbyb/)

8.>.>.2 Nagai`c`fs hal Qsf hal cblaghbr`f Dbyb Al dbgajf y al usf hal cblaghbr`f Dbyb Kbbn ‐ ag guastrb v`hb cft`h`bgb as ugb ifrdb ha pbsbr b ftrb h`dags`óg y iracuagc`b v`nrbtfr`b, pfr bnsurhf qua pbrazcb b s`dpla `gstbgc`b, rabldagta al Cblaghbr`f Ckfl Kbbn‐ Dbyb as blof qua duava lb agaroäb y lb cfgsc`agc`b h a lbs parsfgbs kbstb

ftrf g`val. Bl `gtrfhuc`rsa ag al usf y cfdprags`óg hal cblaghbr`f Dbyb Ckfl Kbbn‐, agcfgtrbrâ qua ustah

gf as ug s`dpla kudbgf, qua ustah as ug orbg Sar Asp`r`tubl H`v`gf, ug orbg sar Cósd`cf y Qg`varsbl, `gtar-h`dags`fgbl, cbpbz ha astbr ag duckfs aspbc`fs bl d`sdf t`adpf, bugqua lb cfgsc`agc`b la hà sflf ugb ha asbs d`las ha fpc`fgas. Bl llavbr häb cfg häb al usf hal cblaghbr`f Dbyb Ckfl Kbbn‐, ustah `râ cbdn`bghf pfcf b pfcf su ifrdb ha var lbs cfsbs, hascunr`aghf lf

qua kby dâs bllâ ha lb `lus`óg.

29

 

Cbhb gbwbl raprasagtb ug häb qua ag vaz ha gudarf s`g sagt`hf cfdf ag al cblaghbr`f Oraofr`bgf, bquä t`aga ug gfdnra, cfg ug gúdarf qua raprasagtb lb pftagc`b y tfgf sflbr, b tfhf astf sa la llbdb R‐`j, häb y häb ha gbc`d`agtf tbdn`àg. Bl sbnar su R‐`j, puaha sbnar cuâ las sfg sus

karrbd`agtbs y d`s`óg ag lb Y`hb, bsä cfdf hasbiäfs ag astb Y`hb y puaha sbnar qu`àgas sfg ha su ibd`l`b asp`r`tubl y cósd`cb ha lfs qua cfgfca ó qu`ag pfhräb sar su pbrajb ó bldb oadalb, f qu`àgas sfg sus ralbc`fgas cfg taghagc`b b lb hastrucc`óg f bl hasbiäf ha pardbgacar jugtfs, f qu`ag astâ ag

su

v`hb

cfdf

kardbgf

f

bd`of.

(Dbybtacud,

brtäculf

tfdbhf

ha

kttps://dbybtacud.cfd/nagai`c`fs-cblaghbr`f-dbyb/)   kttps://dbybtacud.cfd/nagai`c`fs-cblaghbr`f-dbyb/)

8.3 Cfgax`fgas Agaroàt`cbs Saoúg lfs taxtfs pahboóo`cfs ha BCAD Ag astb tafräb c`agtäi`cb cfgtadpfrâgab, sa haduastrb guavbdagta lb cfgax`óg agaroàt`cb qua dbgt`aga al ]bhra Sfl cfg lb dbhra t`arrb. Ha `oubl dbgarb agtaghadfs qua kby ftrb cfgax`óg agaroàt`cb ha Guastrb X`arrb cfg lb Bnualb Lugb, bsä tbdn`àg lb t`arrb gfs cfgactb b gfsftrfs g fsftrfs kbc`b su supari`c`a pbrb guastrb ax`stagc`b. (p. 22?) ]fhräbdfs agtaghar qua lfs ilujfs agaroàt`cfs hal plbgatb, fcurrag ag luobras axtrbfrh`gbr`fs qua lfs dbybs bgt`oubdagta, lfs llbdbrfg luobras agcbgtbhfs y lfs cfgv`rt`arfg ag bltbras. (p. 22;) Lfs bgt`oufs dbybs lfs cfgv`rt`arfg ag luobras sborbhfs, pfrqua sfg cbgblas ha cfdug`cbc`óg cfg Bjbw, puas bquä lb agaroäb sa dbg`i`astb ha orbg `gtags`hbh y puaha sar bprfvackbhb bprfvackbh b pbrb pah`r sbluh, prftacc`óg ifrtblazb y bnughbgc`b. (p. 22;) Lfs bnualfs dbybs s`stadbt`zbrfg su v`hb asp`r`tubl cfg lb axbct`tuh ha sus cblaghbr`fs, su dah`c`gb, su brqu`tacturb, su dbtadât`cb, su bstrfgfdäb, ag cfgclus`óg sus c`agc`bs, atc. (p 2>=) Al bjq‐`j `gtarpratb  al cóh`of hal iuaof y sa agtralbzb cfg gfsftrfs pbrb trbgsiar`rgfs sus

dagsbjas. S` lbs caradfg`bs sa calanrbg ag lfs s`t`fs sborbhfs, astb cfgax`óg agaroàt`cb as dâs  prfiughb y duy aiact`vb. (pp. 2>=-2>2) (Fr`agtbc`fgas ]ahboóo`cbs ha C`agc`bs Gbturblas Saoughf Nâs`cf BCAD, >=2>)

2?

 

]brb dbgtagargfs sbgfs as gacasbr`f cfdpraghar al cfsdfs, bdbr lb gbturblazb y sagt`rgfs  pbrta hal ug`varsf. (p.29) S` laadfs hatag`hbdagta asta taxtf, tagadfs vbr`bs `habs qua gfs firacag railax`fgbr  prfiughbdagta: Lb `hab ha astbr agiardf as al aqu`l`nr`f y lb ibltb ha brdfgäb ag guastrf s`stadb cfdf sar kudbgf. (p.>>) As sudbdagta `dpfrtbgta kbcar ugb railax`óg sfnra lb dah`c`gb quäd`cb `ghustr`bl y, cfdf lb Dbhra Gbturblazb gfs hb tfhf pbrb pfhar curbrgfs y agcfgtrbr al aqu`l`nr`f y lb brdfgäb. (p. >>) Xbdn`àg as duy `dpfrtbgta agtaghar qua tfhbs lbs agaroäbs sa `gtarralbc`fgbg y cfdf ajadplf, lb hbgzb cósd`cb as var cfdf lfs va`gta Gbwbl cfg lb traca agaroäbs, hbgzbg ag cbhb Xfj, ag cbhb xujulad (caradfg`b Dbyb) qua rabl`cadfs, pbrb byuhbrsa dutubdagta y hbrgfs lf qua cfg tbgtf iarvfr pah`dfs ha rfh`llbs. (p. 81) Lb parsfgb qua sa hah`cbg b curbr agiardahbhas y cfgfcar lbs cbrbctaräst`cbs ha lbs plbgtbs curbt`vbs sa la hagfd`gb ag lbs cfdug`hbhas dbybs bctublas, Bq‐fd bgal ag Ebqck`eal, Eugbgal f Bjeug, ag E‐`cka‐ (parsfgb cfg d`s`óg ha curbr).Al hfg ha curbr gf sa bhqu`ara ag ugb ascualb f ag ugb ug`vars`hbh, s`gf qua al sar lf trba cfgs`of hasha su gbc`d`agtf, “pfrqua lb axpar`agc`b

fntag`hb as pfr lb `giluagc`b ha su Gbwbl, as pfr lfs aiactfs ha su häb ha su gbc`d`agtf, as qua tagadfs pbrta ha asfs pagsbd`agtfs. (p. 1>) (Fr`agtbc`fgas ]ahboóo`cbs ha sbluh y gutr`c`óg, Xarcarf Nâs`cf BCAD, >=2>) ]brb lfs orupfs `ghäoagbs, lb sbluh sa agt`agha ag tàrd`gfs ha lb ralbc`óg hal `gh`v`huf cfg lb gbturblazb, lb cfdug`hbh y la dughf asp`r`tubl. Ag asta sagt`hf, al cfgcaptf ha sbluh brt`culb aladagtfs iäs`cfs, dagtblas, asp`r`tublas y adfc`fgblas, adfc`fgblas , tbgtf hal `gh`v`huf cfdf ha lb cfdug`hbh, bsä cfdf ftrbs h`dags`fgas acfgód`cbs, pflät`cbs, sfc`blas y culturblas. Cfg al i`g ha prfdfvar lb sbluh y pravag`r lb agiardahbh, ugb cfdug`hbh `ghäoagb nuscb racuparbr y dbgtagar su aqu`l`nr`f `gtargf y axtargf (Gbc`fgas Qg`hbs, >=2=).

2;

 

Lb dah`c`gb trbh`c`fgbl dbyb pbrta ha lb d`sdb nbsa. Hasha lb cfsdfv`s`óg dbyb, lfs cfgcaptfs ha sbluh y agiardahbh hanag sar agtagh`hfs ha ifrdb kfläst`cb y ralbc`fgbhfs cfg al aqu`l`nr`f qua puaha dbg`iastbrsa b trbvàs ha s`gtfdbtflfoäbs ha h`varsb gbturblazb, lb asp`r`tubl`hbh pfr su pbrta, raoulb a `gtaorb lfs prfcasfs ha sbluh-agiardahbh (Ahar y Obrcäb>==>). Lb dah`c`gb Xrbh`c`fgbl, lb dah`c`gb dbyb, puaha kbcar ug bpfrta `dpfrtbgta pbrb al agr`quac`d`agtf ha lb dah`c`gb cfgvagc`fgbl y agsaòbrgfs b pagsbr ha ugb ifrdb s`stadât`cb ag lb cubl sfdfs `gh`v`hufs qua ifrdbg pbrta ha ug cfgt`guf cfg lb sfc`ahbh y qua cfgstru`dfs y sfdfs cfgstru`hfs pfr guastrb rabl`hbh ag ug prfcasf qua gf bcbnb. Xag`aghf cfgc`agc`b ha qua sfdfs ha qua sfdfs pbrta ha ug tfhf, tbl vaz bloúg häb hasbrrfllbradfs dbyfras db yfras vägculfs ha bpaof y ha sfl`hbr`hbh qua sa trbhuzcbg ag ugb dajfrb olfnbl ha lb sbluh iäs`cb, dagtbl y sfc`bl. (^av`stb ha

lb

Qg`vars`hbh

hal

Yblla,

>=23,

p10

^acuparbhf

ha

-

kttp://tbucat`.uvo.ahu.ot/punl`cbc`fgas/rav`stb/vfludagas/gudarf-> 1/?Vlb%>=dah`c`gb%>=trbh`c`fgbl.phi)

8.8 Curbc`óg agaroàt`cb hasha Al ]agsbd`agtf Dbyb Lb Sbgbc`óg Agaroàt`cb raúga vbr`bs tàcg`cbs ha sbgbc`óg bgcastrblas qua kbg s`hf cu`hbhfsbdagta plbg`i`cbhb pbrb qua, ag duy pfcf t`adpf, cublqu`ar parsfgb puahb llaobr b cfdpraghar lfs h`iaragtas aladagtfs ha h a su cbdpf agaroàt`cf (tblas cfdf al burb y sus ckberbs, lbs adfc`fgas y lfs pagsbd`agtfs, y sus cfrraspfgh`agtas cfrraspfgh`ag tas bspactfs asp`r`tublas) y puahb racuparbr, ha dbgarb prforas`vb y prfbct`vb, lb sbluh, al n`agastbr y lb ial`c`hbh b tfhfs lfs g`valas. Bctúb ha ugb ifrdb prâct`cb y duy ai`cbz, bcfdpbòbghf b lbs parsfgbs b avfluc`fgbr b g`val iäs`cf, ps`cflóo`cf, asp`r`tubl y dbtar`bl. ]brb lb dah`c`gb dbyb, lb gbturblazb astâ pfr agc`db ha lfs kfdnras, hatard`gbghf sus v`hbs y su prfcasf ha sbluh-agiardahbh. ]fr astb rbzóg sa vagarb. Al bdn`agta y al cfsdfs t`agag `giluagc`b sfnra lb v`hb y axpl`cbg al iugc`fgbd`agtf hal cuarpf b trbvàs ha lbs layas ha lb gbturblazb. Lb dah`c`gb dbyb cfgs`harb bl kfdnra k fdnra cfdf pbrta `gtaorbgta 20

 

a `gtarbctubgta hal cfsdfs y lb sfc`ahbh, pfr lf qua tfhbs lbs bct`v`hbhas hal h al `gh`v`huf raparcut`râg ag allbs. Lb i`lfsfiäb ha lb culturb Dbyb oagaró ug cbdn`f ag lbs hadâs culturbs hal cfgt`gagta bdar`cbgf, pfr asf as `dpfrtbgta ratfdbr al vblfr qua t`agag astbs trbh`c`fgas, agtra allbs lb karnflbr`b, yb qua astâ plagbdagta hadfstrbhf qua hasha lb àpfcb ha lb cfgqu`stb, guastrfs bgcastrfs sa curbnbg cfg asta t`pf ha trbtbd`agtfs. Lb Dah`c`gb Dbyb cfgs`harb bl kfdnra cfdf pbrta `gtaorbgta a `gtarbctubgta hal cfsdfs yb sfc`ahbh, pfr lf qua tfhbs lbs bct`v`hbhas hal `gh`v`huf raparcut`râg ag allbs. Cublqu`ar cbdn`f f bcc`óg ag lb gbturblazb, cfdug`hbh y ibd`l`b, lf biactbrâg b su vaz b àl, prfvfcâghfla sbluh f agiardahbh. Astb cfsdfv`s`óg raparcuta ag lb prâct`cb dàh`cb Dbyb y hb luobr b dacbg`sdfs aspacäi`cfs pbrb al h`bogóst`cf y trbtbd`agtf. Al pagsbd`agtf kfläst`cf ha lb dah`c`gb Dbyb ralbc`fgb ägt`dbdagta al cuarpf y al bldb, ralbc`fgb tfhbs lbs pbrtas y órobgfs hal d`sdf cuarpf, ralbc`fgb al cuarpf cfg al t`adpf cósd`cf, y ralbc`fgb al cuarpf cfg al iräf-cblfr. Dbgajb lfs "pr`gc`p`fs v`tblas" y cfgcaptubl`zb lb agiardahbh cfdf ug hasaqu`l`nr`f, al cubl puaha sar cbusbhf, pr`gc`pbldagta, pfr aladagtfs cfg  prfp`ahbhas iräbs y cbl`agtas. Lbs cbusbs qua btagtbg cfgtrb al aqu`l`nr`f cfrpfrbl puahag sar prfhuc`hbs pfr al prfp`f frobg`sdf, pfr su ibd`l`b, pfr lb cfdug`hbh, pfr lb gbturblazb y pfr lbs h`st`gtbs h`v`g`hbhas. Lb sbluh, agtfgcas as al rasultbhf ha v`v`r ha bcuarhf b lbs layas ha lb gbturblazb y lb sfc`ahbh, y lb agiardahbh as al rasultbhf ha lb trbsoras`óg b asbs layas. Ag asta sagt`hf, lfs dacbg`sdfs pbrb lforbr al aqu`l`nr`f (curbc`óg) t`aga qua var cfg vbr`fs aladagtfs tblas cfdf al usf ha plbgtbs dah`c`gblas, rabl`zbc`óg ha firaghbs, rabl`zbc`óg ha caradfg`bs, bcuh`r b lfs tarbpautbs `ghäoagbs tblas cfdf: yarnbtarfs, pbrtarbs, ouäbs asp`r`tublas, sfnbhfras, kuasarfs y sbcarhftas.

>=

 

Lfs curbgharfs y sus racursfs ag lb racuparbc`óg ha lb sbluh: bculturbc`óg f raprfhucc`óg culturbl ag al dug`c`p`f ha Sflflâ. (Lucrac`b Cúdas, Dbyb Cbeck`qual/Sflflâ, >=2>) ¶S` lbs/lfs curbgharbs/fs y sus racursfs pbrb lb racuparbc`óg ha lb sbluh sa s`oua raprfhuc`aghf f astâ suir`aghf ugb bculturbc`óg6 Lbs rbäcas ha lb v`hb sa kbg `hf ifrdbghf hasha kbca d`las ha d`llfgas ha bòfs, hasha agtfgcas gugcb kbg hajbhf ha raprfhuc`rsa y dult`pl`cbrsa, s`g adnbrof, kb suir`hf bltarbc`fgas. ^atrfcahar b bquallfs d`llfgas ha bòfs as `dpfs`nla gf fnstbgta cbna praougtbrsa ¶]fr quà pbrb guastrfs bgcastrfs, pfr agha ag lb asp`r`tubl`hbh dbyb, tfhf t`aga v`hb6, lb Iughbc`óg Cah`d ag su  punl`cbc`óg Yblfras ha lb Culturb Dbyb Hasbrrfllf cfg @hagt`hbh punl`cbhf ag 2000 rai`ara agtra ugf ha lfs vblfras ha lb i`lfsfiäb dbyb: “t`qbpfqfgbj rfgfjal ruwèck e‐bslad: al vblfr ha prftaoar

tfhf, pfrqua t`aga v`hb—. X`qbpfqfgbj ag `h`fdb ebqck`qual s`og`i`cb prftajbdfs, agtra ftrbs `gtarpratbc`fgas tbdn`àg as prafcupàdfgfs, cu`hadfs, cfgs`haradfs, vblfradfs, atc., pfrqua tfhf t`aga v`hb. Cfg tfhb astb sbn`huräb laobhb, puaha cfdpragharsa al sagt`hf ha lb cfgsborbc`óg qua guastrfs bgcastrfs la hbnbg b cbhb aladagtf ax`stagta ag al ug`varsf, astf bi`rdb, saoúg pfgagc`b ha lb Hrb. S`lv`b Oódaz sfnra Dah`c`gb Dbyb “lb v`hb as al rasultbhf ha tfhbs lbs agaroäbs hal cfsdfs: pbhra

sfl  –  bnualb   bnualb lugb, gbwblas, lfs bgtapbsbhfs5 dbhra t`arrb  –   gbturblazb, lb parsfgb, al ftrf yf ha cbhb sar kudbgf— cubghf tfhf sa raspatbnb, ag cubgtf lbs ralbc`fgas arbg brdfg`fsbs lb v`hb hal

sar kudbgf dbgt`aga al aqu`l`nr`f, as hac`r, arb sbluhbnla, agtfgcas: ¶quà as lb sbluh6 Lb sbluh as “prfhuctf ha lb ralbc`óg brdóg`cb agtra: lbs agaroäbs hal cfsdfs, lb gbturblazb y lfs saras kudbgfs. As al astbhf ha aqu`l`nr`f aqu `l`nr`f y brdfgäb `gtargb hal cuarpf y ha lb dagta, ralbc`fgbhfs cfg lbs agaroäbs sfc`blas, bdn`agtblas y hal cfsdfs—, saoúg rai`ara ag su d`sdb pfgagc`b lb Hrb.

Oódaz. Bkfrb n`ag, guastrb d`lagbr`b k`stfr`b tbdn`àg agsaòb qua guastrfs bgcastrfs dfstrbrfg su prafcupbc`óg cubghf lbs ralbc`fgas brdfg`fsbs sa rfdpäbg, cubghf sa `rraspatbnb, agtfgcas sa suira ha hasaqu`l`nr`fs ag lb v`hb, y suroäb lb agiardahbh

>2

 

8.8  Lb agiardahbh As “al `dpbctf gaobt`vf sfnra lb sbluh, astbhf bgäd`cf y ha cfgc`agc`b ha lb parsfgb. Hasaqu`l`nrb al nuag iugc`fgbd`agtf cfrpfrbl— cfgt`gúb lb Hrb. Oódaz ag su pfgagc`b, bgta astf

 puaha agtfgcas bi`rdbrsa qua lb pfnlbc`óg dbyb agt`agha y axpar`dagtb ax par`dagtb tbgtf lb sbluh cfdf lb agiardahbh ha ugb dbgarb asp`r`tubl y agaroàt`cb, bhadâs ha n`flóo`cb y ps`cflóo`cb. Al hasaqu`l`nr`f agtra astbs h`dags`fgas oagarb hatard`gbhbs agiardahbhas, ag lb bctubl`hbh sa cfgfca pfr ajadplf: al fjabhf, al sustf, al adpbckf, adpbck f, lb kack`caräb, lb cbähb ha dfllarb, blnfrftf ha lfdnr`cas ¶ag quà cfgs`stag astbs agiardahbhas6 P ¶qu`àg trbtb astbs agiardahbhas6 P ¶cfg quà lfs trbtbg6 Ag lb cfdug`hbh, as cfdúg ascuckbr ha astfs pbhac`d`agtfs, y lb parsfgb qua sa vualva d` raiaragta pbrb lb hascr`pc`óg ha àstbs agiardahbhas as d` dbdâ, allb trbtb pr`gc`pbldagta al fjabhf  parf cfg su axp axpar`agc`b ar`agc`b ha v`hb, haspuàs ha >3 bòfs ha agoaghrbr b lb kardbgb gúdarf 2= ha lb ibd`l`b, lforb kbcar ugb hascr`pc`óg ha lbs agiardahbhas dagc`fgbhbs ag al pârrbif bgtar`fr.

8.8.2  Al dbl ha fjf Sa hb cubghf ugb parsfgb bltarbhb ag su astbhf ha v`hb (cfg dagstrubc`óg, pbrtur`agtbs,  parsfgbs agfjbhbs, bhd`rbc`óg, atc.) t`agag cfgtbctf v`subl cfg ug/b rac`àg gbc`hf/b, g`òf/b búg irâo`l, `ghaiagsf, as nbstbgta cfdúg ag rac`àg gbc`hfs y ag dagfras ha ug bòf, y lf pbhacag búg lfs dagfras ha 8 ó 1 bòfs, tard`gb h`c`aghf, y gf lf curbg lfs dàh`cfs.

8.8.>  Al sustf Rua puaha suro`r luaof ha ugb cbähb, ha llavbrsa ugb sfrprasb gf orbtb (pfr ajadplf: agtarbrsa ha ug bcc`hagta ha blou`ag carcbgf), atc. pfrqua puahag agiardbrsa f quahag bltarbhfs ag su cbpbc`hbh ha kbnlbr.

8.8.3  Al adpbckf Cubghf pr`gc`pbldagta al/lb g`òf/b sa sfnrapbsb al läd`ta ha cfd`hb, f cubghf bnusb ag cfdar blougb irutb, pfr asf tfhf t`aga su dah`hb, cfgcluya.

>>

 

8.8.8  Lb cbähb ha dfllarb ]fr ajadplf b lfs/bs rac`àg gbc`hfs/bs y dagfras ha ug bòf gf sa las puaha tagar pbrbh`tfs, hanag astbr bcfstbh`tfs, s` lf t`agas agtra nrbzfs lb pfs`c`óg hana sar s`adpra ha bcfstbh`tf, pfrqua as t`argf y su dfllarb as irâo`l, sa la kugha y bltarb su vfz, su ifrdb ha trbobr.

8.8.1  Blnfrftf ha lfdnr`cas Sa hb pfrqua sa la hb cfsbs iräbs bl g`òf/b, cubghf lluava pfr al iräf, parf tbdn`àg cubghf kby ralâdpbof, lfs g`òfs sa bsustbg y as cubghf lbs lfdnr`cas tbdn`àg sa blnfrftbg.

@@@. DB^CF DAXFHFLÓO@CF

3.2 Dàtfhf ha `gvast`obc`óg Dàtfhf ha `gvast`obc`óg dbyb, pbrt`c`pbt`vb y ha bcc`óg: ]brb asta asta prfyactf ha ``gvast`obc`óg gvast`obc`óg sa al` al`o`ó o`ó al dàtfhf cubl`tbt`vf cubl`tbt`vf yb qua al tadb bnfrhbhf sa agifcb ag bspactfs culturblas y trbh`c`fgblas qua gf sa puahag cubgt`i`cbr pfr lf qua iua  part`gagta kbcar usf hal dàtfhf cubl`tbt`vf.

3.> @gstrudagtfs: ]brb pfhar llavbr b cbnf lb `gvast`obc`óg sa rabl`zbrfg agtrav`stbs cfg saòfrbs, bgc`bgbs,  pr`gc`pblas ha lb cfdug`hbh ut`l`zbghf ug `gstrudagtf qua cfgt`aga praougtbs ralbc`fgbhbs bl tadb b `gvast`obr cfg lb i`gbl`hbh ha fntagar lb `gifrdbc`óg qua sa raqu`ara.

3.3 ]rfcasfs ha `gvast`obc`óg: ]brb al hasbrrfllf hal astuh`f sa s`ou`arfg lfs s`ou`agtas prfcasfs:   ^aug`óg cfg hfcagtas pbrb aspac`i`cbr lfs dft`vfs y fnjat`vfs ha lb ``gvast`obc`óg gvast`obc`óg hal



tadb. Sa albnfró ug `gstrudagtf pbrb rabl`zbr lb agtrav`stb Ybl`hbc`óg hal `gstrudagtf pfr lfs hfcagtas hal c`clf nâs`cf. Bpl`cbc`óg hal `gstrudagtf Bgâl`s`s ha lb `gifrdbc`óg racbnbhb

          Albnfrbc`óg has`stadbt`zbc`óg lb s`stadbt`zbc`óg   ^av`s`óg ha lb

     

>3

 

]^ASAGXBC@FG 8.2 ^asultbhfs ag @h`fdb Eäcka‐  

8.2.2 Qn‐fq‐fck w`gbq Bra‐ jug q‐bxwag ck`r euyb‐ ckaea r` g`tz‐ tbq be‐blbn‐, ckaea r` bln‐fd, bl`tfd, xfqfja ckaea r`‐ j  j tbq w`gbq. ^` qbt`t qbdbd e`n‐`j ck`r jug ybn‐`l ybn‐`l r`‐ euyb‐ rudbl cka jug ybn‐ `xfq, jug w`gbq e‐bx rbgdb‐ rbgdb‐ e`r`lf‐ jug be‐bl, bln‐fd, bl`tfd xfqfja‐ r` jug r`‐j w`gbq , s`n‐blbj uckfqbn‐ ue`e‐al e‐fl`e, xfqfja‐ ck`r dbg ustbj eur`lf‐ eu q‐bxbj ckaea r`‐, bra ck` e`ybn‐g`e.

^` ga‐ ck`r e‐f jug q‐fxfdbl r`‐ s`n‐blbj efq‐`e, eut`jtb ck`e uwb, ewbrtb ck`e, exbw`e, euyb‐ jb‐ cku xa‐, xfqfja q‐bxdbl r` uck‐bqul. ^` be‐bl xfqfja‐ r` bln‐fd, bl`tfd ck`r e‐f un‐fq‐fck w`gbq euyb‐ q‐bxfdbl e` ck‐bqul, xfqfja‐ e`xbw`e, euyb‐ jb‐ ck`ea xa, x a, q‐bxfdbl e` w`‐, e` q‐bgbr`e.   ^` w`gbq ck`r e`eugbj jug ybn‐`l r`‐ s`n‐blbj e‐f e`ckfdbn‐bl bra ck` e`efjf‐ rurb‐, jfrfg jb‐, `e, tzbd . La qbt`t qbdbd ck`r e`efjf‐ r` rurb‐, e` quck‐uj r` rurb‐, rurb‐, e`yuj jb‐ rue‐ bra‐ ck` e` jbp`j p` e`w`‐, ck`r`j e` qbn‐ r`‐ g`e‐pb e‐f jug q‐bxfdbl r`‐. r`‐. Jug, ebdul, fxdul e`n‐bg e`n‐bg r`‐ taeur`‐ taeur`‐ e` x`d e`w`‐ r` g`e‐pb w`gbq ck`r e‐f jug ybn‐`l r`‐. E‐f g`e‐bj ck`e gf‐n‐bl efj`e cka r`‐ ybn‐`l ybn‐`l un‐fq‐fck w`gbq bra‐: ck`q`‐j `e, rurb‐, ueugbl jb‐, r`ckn‐`l tzbd, bra e` e‐bxbj ck`r`j la ga‐, la be‐bl, bln‐fd , bl`tfd, xfqfja‐ g`dbq tbq w`gbq , e‐ata ck`e e` dul`j r` eugbn‐bl r`, e‐f g`e‐bj bjeugagal e`pbr`j , e‐f g`e‐bj ck`e e` tzbq n‐`e pb g`db jb‐, xbq jalb‐ e`eugtbj`e la r` tbq `wbn‐.

La eugbgad rack un‐fq‐fck w`gbq, e‐`y bjeugbgal e`n‐`j ck`r rbjbwbx`e e`eugbj e`eugbj e`n‐ pb fx`n‐  judul, e‐f g`e‐bj ck`en‐bg e`n‐`j ck`r rbjbwbx`e e`eugbj [fqfja‐ jug ck`e bjeugbgal eun‐`j ck`r rbjbwbx`e eugbgad ck`r`j g`e‐bj q‐`je`n‐ rackwuqun‐ ck flq‐`j.q‐`j. ckflq‐`j. G`e‐bj q‐`j bra‐: X`jbx, Ebwfq, Eada, Eaj, Bjdbq, Xfj, Xz‐`‐, A, Bj, @‐x. La qbt`t qbdbd e`n‐`j ck`r rbjbwbx`e euckbj`j r`n‐ jug w`gbq rudbl cka euybtn‐b jug ybn‐`l r`‐ pb u e‐bsladbl, bra ck` rbjbwbx`e efesbj ckaea r` tbq ga‐, r` g`tz‐ be‐blbn‐ r` e`bq ckbckbl rack un‐bq tbq cka‐, xfqfja ckbckbl ck`r ue‐bdfd r` tbq bn‐bj ck`r s`n‐blbj uckfqbn‐, xbq jalb‐ eutfn‐b r`n‐  jug w`gbq cka r` ybn‐`l r` un‐`‐ un‐fq‐fck w`gbq.

8.2.>. Xzbqgad Bra la qbxfd euq‐bx`j jug ybn‐ `xfq rack eutzbq la ue‐bdfg erbjgb la uq`jbl  eutzbr`e bra r` eq‐bx`e rudbl wb la `xfq xtzbq`e xfquja wb ga ef jug w`gbq s`n‐blb ef ue`e‐al euckfpf upbd la ybn `xfq r`, ef g`e‐bj e`r`j jug jbstbq, e` uckflsj la ybn‐`l r`.   >8

 

Jbs tbq efesbx`e ^ack elfqbx`e lbj ga djb eb es`e la tbq bjeug e`efjf la uxbq la eybq‐ xfquja la n‐btz‐ eybq.  Su un‐bg`e  

La tbq g`dbq tbq bjeug r` rbjbwx`e e`tzueuj n‐alajan‐ uxbq la eybq, ck`l n‐alajan‐la uqbn‐ eybq  n‐btz‐ epfqw`e ckupbd jug n‐fj jb tajur` e`yb cka la ybn‐ `xfe eut`jf eu t`jf rack e`tf‐ uebsladbl la bebl

 patgfq, rbe¶jbwx`e eut`j la jb rack eqbx`e la uqbxfd.

8.2.3 Pbn‐`e`lbl rack r` qulbj

^` ybn‐`l rack la qulbj bra jug q‐bxfgad cka s`n‐blbj e‐bx pb la e`e‐bsladbl r` tbq ga‐ xbqrudbl easbx xuquja‐ qfjatz‐bg eue‐ cka e`x`e‐pbx`e pb la ebj eun‐bg e‐bx ck`ea rudblwb‐ tbq r`‐ e`jflfd e‐ftck`e‐fw un‐bg`e xbqe‐tjalb‐ dbg e‐bztgb r` e`qbj`e.  

Cka jug ckbe r` cka xqbn‐bgf x qbn‐bgf eue‐ la qbt`t qbdbd, r` be‐blbn ck` e`q‐bxfw pb jug ybn‐`e`lbl r`‐ abra‐ e`rfq q‐bq‐ dbg ebjtbck`e e`t`j e`wb‐. [uquja‐ xbqx`wtgb ra jug ga‐ eurbq la ybn‐`l r`‐ xuquja e`rbqf rfgfjal la tbq be‐blbn xuquja x uquja r` w`gbq`n‐. 

^` e`gfj`n‐bl qbt`t, cka xatzfjfg ckr`j jug ckbe r`‐ xe`n‐`j ckqa cka la tbq g‐a xuquja la r`j tbq w`gbq dbg e‐bxgb eaeugbx`e rudbl la tbq bck`jbn‐ dbg e‐bxgb‐ eaeugbx`e xbrudbl s`n‐blbj g`d

r` e`qulbj, xbqe‐utjalb dbg e`q‐bx`j e‐` q‐`j cka eautzr`e.   Ckupbd r` e`ckueudn‐bl cka e`efj la qbt`t rack e`eugbj r` ybn‐`l ebrfqf r` d`q‐`g , uxbq tbq e‐wax xuquja‐ r` tbq eugb‐nbl eack ea ck bjdfs`n‐. 

Qn‐bgtbj`e r` eugugad eaxtbj`e ckr`j ujugbn‐ r` bjybn‐, rudblwb uckbg`d qfjtxfjfg ckr`j ueugbx`e jug be‐bl qujua‐ la jug ga‐: gbn‐a qbdbq‐ r` qbjb‐ tae‐ur`‐ r` bjeug euefj ra jug cka tbq uq‐bn‐bj pb la uck`‐ gfj`dbl , ck`w` sfpbjgbqw` r` utz‐bq pb la ujflfd xuquja lfq eat‐bjt‐bx`e lbj

ujflfd taeur` lfq efexbj lbj n‐`q‐ jb‐ d`q‐`g rackwb eueugbj r` ybn‐`e`lbl cka urbqfd r` ga‐. 

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Bra e‐ut e`eugbx`e r` r`j tbq w`gbq dbg ebxtgb ebx tgb xbqx`w efesbx d`q‐`g jb xuquja‐ eugbn‐bl e eack ack dfs`n‐ cka la gfj`dbl efesbx pb uqulbj, xbqn‐lb ebyb‐ un‐`x`e cka e`eugbx`e r` r`j tbq w`gbq

s` n‐blbj  n‐blbj e‐bx xbrudbl r`‐ bjeug euefjf rfgfjal r` uq‐bn‐bej pb la uqulbj r` bjybn‐ racwb lfq efpbg cka e‐f r` ybn‐`l. 

Qeugbx`e la w`gbq eue‐ la tbq bjeug e‐f un‐btbj`e xbqrudbl xbqx`wtb jug eugug`e en‐bg ckea rackwb eutzr`e. [uquja‐ ueugux`e jug ybn‐`l r`‐ dbg e‐ft uq‐jbl xbrudbl la tbq bjeug eackbeug ckr`j pb la rfgjal tbq q`j, xuquja‐ s`n‐blbj rbjbwx`e qbeugbj r` tbq be‐blbn‐ uckbg`d wa e`rfq jug e‐bxe‐fl`l r`‐, xbrudbl dbg e‐bxtgb abra‐ euebd`sbj n‐`e.

Ckr`j e`gfj`n‐bl r` tbq qbt`t, cka jug ckbe r` cka e`ybfd ebgfq qbt`t qbdbd `efw`gbq cka ueugbx`e ae‐`y tbq w`gbq`n‐ rack qbt`gbd`t Bjeugal, xuquja‐ xe`tz`jfj ckqa cka rbjbwx`e qbck`j`j q`n‐ rackwb dbg qbq‐bx`jtb jug ybn‐`l r`‐ pb la qbe‐bsladbl. qbe ‐bsladbl.

8.2.8.La [`n‐  La x`n‐gal xfquja x`n‐ bra jug ybnäl euyb ckupbg la q‐b e‐bsladbl, xb rudbl uj e‐f tb la x`n‐ euyb ckea la w`gbq jbljuj e` jugbn‐ bl`, blb, xfq‐`n‐ xfqfja bck`jbn‐.  

La w`gbq e‐f x`n‐ cke‐a euyb‐ q‐bxdbl jfldb ckea erbjtb e` wbj, xfqfja e` n‐`reag`e. n‐`reag`e. Bra eut e` eftz‐`e xfqfja ea eun‐`e eu n‐`e e` tzueuj la q‐`j xb rudbl e` wartbq ckbq‐bn‐. 

La tbq w`gbq rack e‐`eugbq la x`n‐e`efj q‐byas eugbn‐bl un‐` rurb‐, tzbd, jb‐,xfq jb‐,xfqfja fja ckfjfn‐. 

La qbt`t qb dbd bjeug rack euegbq la x`n‐ eut`j fx`n‐ fx `n‐ dul la jb‐ tae‐ur` eu ckby cka la ckfqfn‐e‐f e`e‐bj ck`e e` eun‐b cka jug  jug tad tae‐ur` e` sut`j la jb‐ck`r`j xfqfja e`tzueuj la ugbn‐bl rackwa e` efj rurb‐ cka ck`l ck `l tzbd euefj cka ujflfd la bjeug eu s`e‐`j la e` n‐bj tae‐ur` eu ck‐by cka la ckfjfn‐ la bejug eu n‐`j ckara fx`n dul eu eugbj.   La bjeug r` ef u q‐`j rackwa eu eugbj la w`gbq rackwa uzt ck`e e` ckfq‐bn‐ ja wb la ybn‐`l la x`n‐gal. 

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8.2.1. Pbn‐`l rack n¸`s  La ybn`l r` e‐bxe¸fl`l euyb ‛ pb e‐bsladbl xb rudbl ra yuwbn‐ s`n‐blbj e`n‐`sfg`e, dbg eut`jt`ck`e wb, eutz‐bp`j r`n¸ pb rbckfck, e‐ft ck`e erb‐ eun‐bgf, e‐ft ck`e erb‐ ue‐ux.  La ybn‐`l r` e‐f ueudn‐bl`l. ^` bjeug lfq‐ euefjf‐ : jb‐, jb‐, tzbd, `e, ebq eftz‐`j, lutb‐ .  ^` bjeug eudulbj rfgfjal tbe uwack qbyas tae‐ur`‐ euq‐bsbj ck`r`‐ la yuwbn‐. La yuwbn‐ yuwbn‐ euybebgfq pxeut uck‐bt rack wb jug ck`e q‐`j euckueuj g`dbjb‐ rack wb eutzbq n‐`e pb jujugbl uwack eftz‐`‐j, uwack qbyas, dbg eueby`‐ tbj rack wbr ` n‐`x ealn‐`e. ^bjbwbx`e eun‐`j ean‐ tz`j r`: jbt n‐`s, jbt n‐`sfg`e.  [fqfja rbjbwbx`e la jb‐ gbj eue‐bdn‐`e la eudn‐bl rackwb ealn‐`e la n‐`s. La eugug`e r` n‐bg e bdul bdul pb la ean‐ q‐`j, 

8.2.9. J`gad `n‐  La J`gad `n‐ bra la ybn¸`l euyb ck`ea la la tbq g`tz¸ be‐blbn¸, bra la J`gad `n¸ s`n‐blbj e`ckfq¸bn‐ e`efjf, rudbl x`ebybx`e rudbl jug ybn‐ ybn‐ `xfq, xuquja, rudbl la tbq `xfq`n e`rbqtbj`e ckupbd

e`ck¸bjfg. La j`dad `n‐ eueut r`n‐ r`n‐ rudbl la be‐bl s`n‐blbj eurbq uck` bra tbq ewar`e, xuquja la J`gad `n‐ `n‐ eueutr`n‐ ck`ea la tbq be‐blbn‐ ra e`n‐bg e`ckul, e`jae‐ la tbq e`qbg rudbl la q‐bxdbl e`gbf. ^udbl la qbxdbl la la tbt gbg e`t`j s`n‐blbj ebxefl`l ckutzuq`e la be‐bl, xfquja la jug ybn‐`l r` euyb jug g`dblbj qbxdbl ae‐f la tbq be‐blbn‐ esfpbj`e la e`duxux.  ^ack la ueugbx`e la J`gad `n‐ rbjbwx`e la tbq jbstbq r`: la ubl utu la gbg, jug pfp, xfquja jug

btzybq. ^` bjeug eu xfjfwsbj la ga‐ cka e`jbn‐ uxeut ulaw, xuquja eun‐bg la ckbn‐bl. 

 G`ebj ck`e bjeug e` efj la pfp r`ckn¸`l jug btzybq pu eulbl la tz¸ujtz¸un¸bl,xuquja e`n¸bg la ck¸bn‐bl rack lfq¸ easbxn‐`e uckfqbn‐ u e`eal la `xfq ybn‐, cka xueby`j la ga¸   Ef la g`ebj beblbn‐ beblbn‐ e`rbqf la J`gad `n‐ euyb s`n¸blbj q¸bxfd ck`ea, e`rbq e`ck`, e`x` e`n‐,

taeur` eueby`j la gbg eyalfq g`e¸bj tbq e¸`x ck`e`j, rack lfq¸e` eugbx`e, rbjbwx`e la gbg eutzb ubl utu ckae`j lb ga‐, tae¸ur` lfq¸ r` bjeug eudbjf taeur` taeur` erasbj la tbq e‐`x cka`j la ga¸. 

Db lfqtb eugbx`e la J`gad `n‐ rfgfjal q`j rbjbwx`e etzuebx`e uq`jbl bra eur lfq ckupd uebn‐ ck`l uebj q`j. La J`gad `n‐ eugtbj`e ckupbd fx`n eugbgad rack lfq easbx`erfgfjal qbxfw cka la ga¸

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8.2.?.S`ln‐bl n‐bq  La s`ln‐ad n‐bq bra e`rbq la tb w`gbq rudbl eueax ueulbl la tbq tbq n‐bq rudbl db ustbj ustbj us`l`n‐sbx`e e`n‐bgf, xfquja rudbl e`tzbq`e, la ybn¸`l ybn¸`l r`, euyb qbxfd xuquja esfpbj`e esfpbj`e rudbl

uqbxdbl. ^ack ueudn‐bl`l la s`ln‐bl n‐bq rbjbwx`e efesbx`e la tbq q¸byas eugbn¸bl, q¸fl, la tbq w`qn‐bl  n‐bq, tbt eu, bra s`n‐blbj utz`l e`n‐bg e `n‐bg cka la qbxdbl, qbx dbl, easbj la sfpbjgfq cka la nb‐q`l rack efpbg pu

e¸ulbl. Bra rack la s`ln‐bl n‐bq rbjbwx`e la bjeug eueby`j, eudbjf rack qbrat¸bdbj su un¸bgfd la nâq, tae¸ur` eunb‐g un‐bg`e uckaeagsbg, bra e¸ut eujugbj uwbck la tzbl, etzbe`e rack lfq edbj`e ckalb

 pb efw` la q¸bxfd. Ae¸f beug db e`eft la tzbl rack e`utzrsbjla nâq, aeól`e xbq e`ckbn‐aj la n‐bq, tae¸ur`

e`x`debgfq rue jug btzybq. ^ack eckbn‐x`e la n¸bq, xbq jujgbl bjeug lfq¸ E`gf, xb rudbl, bra e`e`e¸fdfdlbq ckupb d

e`ck¸ud`lbl. La s`n‐bl n¸bq lfq¸ eugbx`e rfgfjal q`j rack ckbg`d efpbg la nbq ckupbd ue¸ulbl, bra e¸ut wb

xn¸fytbj`e ueugbx`e e¸bxck`e etzblbj la n¸bq pu e¸ulbl, xb jalb eue¸bd ue¸ulbl ejackebgfq la nbq`l. ^bjbwx`e la ybn‐ bra eugtbjlfq uqbxdbl euckbj`j r`n‐ db lfq¸tb eun‐bg aqbg rack efpbg

blgbq`l la n¸bq pu e¸ulbl.

8.2.;.Pbn‐`l rack la qulbj Bra la uybn‐`l la qulbj esfpbj`e euybck`ea la tbq ga rudbl eyasbx`e ckwbck la taw bra djbgb eb efwbr`e ra e` jb ckupbd la e` w`‐. 

Jbstbq efesbx`e ^ack eugbx`e la qulbj la jbstbq rbjbwx`e efesbx`e bra la dq`g jb, uxbq la ewax. Su un‐bg`e  

E d dbq‐sbx`e bq‐sbx`e la jb taeur` la bjeug euefj uq‐bn‐ pu ck` la ybn‐ ckalb pb efw` la sfpbjgbq euybe la ujb xfquja udbj la uw`‐ taeur` euefjf la jb dq`g rack eu eujuruj juruj la ujb. 

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8.2.0.R‐fxdbl w`b‐j  La q‐fxfd w`b‐j bra jug ybn‐`l euyb‐ ckea la w`gbq, xb rudbl e‐f la e‐bxe‐fl`l pebg`db‐, qbt`‐t qbdbg e`n‐` cka jug ybn‐`l r`‐ eybtjae xb rudbl la w`gbq`l e‐f la e‐bxe‐fl`l pebg`db‐ xb ga rudbl gbq pbeux, xb ga rudbl lbj jbstbq cka e‐ft eue‐ `ra‐. 

La q‐fxdbl w`b‐j s`n‐blbj ebx eun‐bg cka la w`gbq, xb rudbl: e`t`jtck`e wb, e`gb‐ `ra‐ cka s`n‐blbj `efsgbq, e‐ft ebj e`n‐bgf xuquja ebjte`tf`e rudbl qbckblbl, dbl s`n‐blbj e`xwbl e`n‐bgf, s`n‐blbj ebx e`ck‐bn‐x`e.

^` qbt`‐t qbdbd e`eugbj la q‐fxdbl r`‐ rue g`e‐bj ckpbeux r`‐: l`dfgbx xuquja la sbqdfl rack qbe‐, dbl ebxlbg sbqdfl ustbj xbrudbl eeugugtbj. 

Cka ueugx`e la w`gbq qua cka e‐f la xfjdbl w‐`bj cka, r` qbt`‐t qbdbd e`tb‐ cka la ue‐ux ebj, ue‐bj law rack e`n‐bg tfq‐fn‐ rack e`eugbj la w`gbq r`‐ xb rudbl s`n‐blbj g`dlbj e‐bxe‐fl urbqfd. La bjeug euq‐bxbj la sbqdfl xuquja la l`dfgbx ckr`j la ybn‐ tae‐ur`‐ e`tzbq ebgfq s`n‐blbj gbj rack eun‐bg utbje`l la eug.

Rbt`‐t qbdbg e`n‐` cka rbjbwx`e en‐bg wuqun‐ eug cka la w`gbq rack esbck la ybn‐ `l cka, la eug e‐ft uq‐`jbl rack en‐bg`e.

8.2.2=. R‐bxdbl pbd

La jug qbxdbl r` euybf ck`ea la be‐blbn‐ rudbl la tbq ybck‐ eqbx`e ckupbd gbn‐a tbq jbn‐.  

Jbs tbq efesbx`e ^ ack ack eugbx`e la ybck‐ la bjeug euefjf e` tbq tzbl ja pb la q‐an‐ug, bgxux, ck`l la s`e‐bj.   Su un‐bg`e

 Gbn‐a eckbq‐bjsbx`e rfgfjal la tbq tzbl bra wb xckbqbj`e eyb`e la ujb`l xfquja edbj`e la u pbd rack ealfq la tbq ck`efp.

8.>. ^asultbhfs ag @h`fdb Aspbòfl >0

 

B cfgt`gubc`óg, sa hascr`nag lbs agiardahbhas qua sfg curbhbs pfr lbs parsfgbs qua iuarfg agtrav`stbhbs ag lb prasagta `gvast`obc`óg.

8.>.2.  Dbl ha fjf Al dbl ha fjf as ug dblastbr iäs`cf y agaroàt`cf qua axpar`dagtbg lfs g`òfs hasha tadprbgb ahbh, tbdn`àg lf puahag axpar`dagtbr bhflascagtas y parsfgbs bhultbs. Ha bcuarhf b lb v`vagc`b ha lbs parsfgbs bhultbs, ha lbs bnualbs y bnualfs, al dbl ha fjf sa hb cubghf ugb parsfgb ha bltbs agaroäbs iäs`cbs y v`tblas, ugb parsfgb cfg dalfpab, ugb dujar adnbrbzbhb f qua astà ag su c`clf ha dagstrubc`óg, fnsarvb b ugb g`òb f g`òf, b ug bhflascagta f b ugb parsfgb bhultb, y la trbgsi`ara sus agaroäbs gaobt`vbs, prfvfcbghf ag qu`ag lf rac`na, ugb bltarbc`óg ha su astbhf iäs`cf, adfc`fgbl y agaroàt`cf. Lfs sägtfdbs qua prasagtbg lbs y lfs nanas cfg dbl ha fjf, saoúg lbs bnualbs y bnualfs `gh`cbg qua sa quajbg y llfrbg hadbs`bhf, hajbg ha dbdbr, gf huardag, las hb vód`tfs y h`brrab y las prfvfcb i`anra ag al cuarpf. B lfs g`òfs y bhflascagtas qua pbhacag ha dbl ha fjf, las hb dblastbr iäs`cf, vód`tf, h`brrab, bsä cfdf hasaqu`l`nr`f agaroàt`cf, as hac`r, sa s`agtag sags`nlas bgta lf qua lbs hadâs parsfgbs las h`cag, lf cubl kbca qua astàg `gqu`atfs y ha dbl kudfr. Lbs parsfgbs qua t`agag al hfg ha curbr al dbl ha fjf, sfg parsfgbs qua kbg karahbhf al cfgfc`d`agtf ha pbrta ha ug ibd`l`br u ftrb parsfgb. ]brb curbr al dbl ha fjf, lbs parsfgbs cfgfcahfrbs ut`l`zbg ruhb, boub iräb, p`d`agtb gaorb (ofrhb), ck`la, bck`fta y boub brh`agta. Al prfcah`d`agtf pbrb curbr al dbl ha fjf vbräb ha parsfgb ag parsfgb, ha bcuarhf bl cfgfc`d`agtf y lb axpar`agc`b qua pfsaag sfnra asta dblastbr. ]fr ajadplf, blougbs bnualbs f curbgharbs, ut`l`zbg úg`cbdagta boub y ruhb pbrb curbr b lfs g`òfs, bhflascagtas f bhultfs qua t`agag dbl ha fjf5 lb ruhb lb dbst`cbg y luaof cfg ug pfcf ha boub, la ascupag lb ruhb y al bboub oub ag al rfstrf cun`artf cfg ugb tfbllb f pbòualf, lb cbnazb, lb aspblhb, al packf y lfs p`as hal pbc`agta. Asta prfcasf lf rabl`zbg pfr tras b cubtrf vacas, saoúg sab lb gacas`hbh hal hfl`agta. Qg 3=

 

 prfcah`d`agtf s`d`lbr ut`l`zb blougfs ftrfs curbgharfs, qu`agas ag vaz ha boub ut`l`zbg boub brh`agta, qua ha bcuarhf b allfs, pfr sus prfp`ahbhas agaroàt`cbs, as lf qua byuhb b rahuc`r lfs bltfs g`valas agaroàt`cfs gaobt`vfs qua pfsaag lfs agiardfs. Ftrfs curbgharfs, usbg p`d`agtb gaorb (ofrhb), ruhb y boub f boub brh`agta y rabl`zbg al  prfcah`d`agtf hascr`tf ag al pârrbif bgtar`fr. bgtar`f r. ]fr su pbrta, blougfs ftrfs ftrfs,, la pbsbg bl g`òf ag tfhf al cuarpf ug brraolf ha p`d`agtb gaorb y ruhb, luaof lf quadbg pbrb al`d`gbr al dblastbr ha fjf. ]fr últ`df, ftrfs curbgharfs usbg ck`la sacf, d`sdf qua sa lf pbsbg bl agiardf ag tfhf al cuarpf b i`g ha qua al`d`ga lfs bltfs g`valas ha agaroäb bcudulbhf ag al cuarpf ha lb parsfgb, luaof quadbg al ck`la, s` asta kbca ru`hf bl quadbrsa, as pfrqua al dbl ha fjf iua hatactbhf y al`d`gbhf. ]brb curbr al dbl ha fjf cublqu`ar häb as nuagf, saoúg lf `gh`cbg lbs curbgharbs, pfr su pbrta, ugf ha lfs curbgharfs rasbltb qua ha h a bcuarhf bl cblaghbr`f db dbyb, yb, Ckflq‐`j, lfs häbs prfp`c`fs pbrb

asta dblastbr sfg X`jbx, Ebwfq, Eada, Eaj, Bjdbq, Xfj , Xz‐`‐, A, Bj, @‐x. Al gúdarf ha curbs qua racfd`aghbg lbs bnualbs y bnualfs, y qua kb s`hf karahbhf b lbs curbgharbs y curbgharfs, as ha tras b s`ata curbs, han`hf b qua astfs gúdarfs gfs clbvas pbrb rat`rbr agiardahbhas, aspac`bldagta al gúdarf s`ata. Lbs bnualbs y bnualfs racfd`aghbg pbrb pravag`r y prftaoarsa hal dbl ha fjf, lfs nanàs, g`òfs, bhflascagtas y bhultfs, ut`l`cag cfllbras cfg sad`llbs ha c`gcf gaor`tfs, cfllbras ha p`ahrbs, cfllbras cfg p`ahrbs ha cflfr rfjf f n`ag, cbrobr ug l`dóg ag lbs nflsbs hal pbgtblóg f suàtar. Bl llaobr b cbsb hanag sbturbrsa `gdah`btbdagta pbrb al`d`gbr lbs agaroäbs gaobt`vbs.

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Btagc`óg ha pbrtfs Cfgjugtf ha bct`v`hbhas, prfcah`d`agtfs a `gtarvagc`fgas, pbrb lb btagc`óg ha lbs dujaras oastbgtas ag lfs prfcasfs i`s`flóo`cfs y h`gâd`cfs hal trbnbjf ha pbrtf, axpuls`óg hal iatf v`vf f duartf, cfg >= f dâs sadbgbs ha oastbc`óg, bludnrbd`agtf y puarpar`f `gdah`btf. Lbs cfdbhrfgbs ag Oubtadblb sfg dujaras qua sa hah`cbg b btaghar pbrtfs, dbyfr`tbr`bdagta ag cfdug`hbhas lajbgbs y b`slbhbs, ag hfgha lfs sarv`c`fs ha sbluh astbtblas gf llaobg. Duckbs ha asbs dujaras kbg cfdagzbhf cfg al fi`c`f ha cfdbhrfgb, cfdb hrfgb, han`hf b lbs gacas`hbhas qua sa pr prasagtbg asagtbg ag ugb cfdug`hbh y pfr lb ravalbc`óg ha blougfs has`og`fs qua ifrdbg pbrta ha lb culturb dbyb. Haspuàs ha blougfs bòfs ha trbnbjf adpär`cf ag lb cfdug`hbh btagh`aghf pbrtfs, lb dbyfräb ha lbs cfdbhrfgbs tfdbg lfs cursfs prfpfrc`fgbhfs pfr al D`g`star`f ha Sbluh ]únl`cb y Bs`stagc`b Sfc`bl (DS]BS) pbrb hah`cbrsa bl fi`c`f cfg ug bvbl ha pbrta hal sarv`c`f ha sbluh astbtbl. Lfs sägtfdbs hal pbrtf, lf pbhacag lbs dujaras adnbrbzbhbs, cfg hflfras ha c`gturb, hflfr ha  p`as, cblbdnras y hflfr ha cbnaz cbnazb5 b5 han`hf b bloúg asiuarzf iiäs`cf äs`cf f blougb adfc`óg iuarta cfdf al sustf. Lfs hflfras sfg cbldbhfs cfg al usf ha k`arnbs, l`agzfs, nbòfs ha tadbscbl y dbsbjas qua kbcag usf lbs cfdbhrfgbs f pbrtarbs. Ag blougfs cbsfs tbdn`àg sa kbca usf ha lbs kfjbs hal tbnbcf, ruhb, bjf y bca`ta ha fl`vb pbrb bl`v`br lfs dblastbras, parf hapagha duckf ha lb ifrdb ha trbnbjf y lb axpar`agc`b ha lb cfdbhrfgb. Ag lbs sas`fgas ha curbc`óg, lbs dujaras adnbrbzbhbs sfg nbòbhbs cfg kfjbs ha cbià, l`dóg y rfdarf5 tbdn`àg sa las hb dah`c`gb tfdbhb, cfdpuastb ha: l`gbzb y bca`ta ha fl`vb pbrb bl`v`br al hflfr. ]brb al aiactf, sa racfd`aghb kbcar ajarc`c`fs cfrpfrblas, parf gf sbltbr, bhadâs, gf sagtbrsa duckf t`adpf pbrb av`tbr racbähbs. Sa racfd`aghb kbcar tras curbs cfdf däg`df f dâs gúdarf ha vacas, hapagh`aghf ha lfs hflfras qua prasagtb lb pbc`agta. Lbs sas`fgas ha curbc`óg puahag sar ag cublqu`ar häb y kfrbr`f.   Cu`hbhf ha lbs dujaras adnbrbzbhbs

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  Btagc`óg b hflfras hurbgta lb oastbc`óg

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  Btagc`óg ha pbrtfs

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3>

 

  Cu`hbhfs ha lb dbhra haspuàs hal pbrtf

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  Cu`hbhf ha lb f al rac`àg gbc`hf

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8.>.>.  Lavbgtbr lb dfllarb Lb dfllarb as ugb pbrta nlbghb qua ifrdb ug lava kugh`d`agtf ag al crâgaf hal rac`àg gbc`hf f hal lbctbgta, b c`artb ahbh sa c`arrb. Cubghf ug nanà prasagtb prfnladbs cfg lb dfllarb as pfrqua lf lavbgtbg nruscbdagta y lf nbjbg ha lb d`sdb dbgarb. Blougfs ha lfs sägtfdbs qua prasagtbg lfs nanàs b qu`agas sa las nbjb lb dfllarb as qua t`agag h`i`cultbh bl dbdbr y sa pfgag `gqu`atfs. Lfs dbtar`blas qua ut`l`zbg lfs curbgharfs pbrb lavbgtbr lb dfllarb sfg boub t`n`b, bzúcbr, bca`ta ha fl`vb y purf, saoúg al cfgfc`d`agtf, v`vagc`b y prâct`cb curbt`vb ha cbhb bnualb agtrav`stbhb. ]brb rabl`zbr lb curbc`óg ha lb dfllarb, lbs bnualbs dazclbg bzúcbr cfg boub t`n`b, ag ugb  pblbgobgb, saou`hbdagta un`cbg bl nanà ha cbnazb, ha dbgarb qua lb dfllarb quaha hagtrf hal boub, ag ugb pblbgobgb y lf sfst`agag ha lfs p`as. Xbdn`àg sa puaha cflfcbr lb nfcb ha lb curbgharb sfnra lb dfllarb y jblbr al b`ra, kbstb qua lb dfllarb hal nanà sunb f raorasa b lb pfs`c`óg cfrractb. Ftrb prâct`cb pbrb lavbgtbr lb dfllarb as al usf hal kudf ha tbnbcf cfg al cubl succ`fgbg f jblbg kbc`b brr`nb lb dfllarb hal nanà.

Ha bcuarhf b lb fp`g`óg ha lbs bnualbs, lb curbc`óg ha lb dfllarb puaha kbcarsa ag cublqu`ar cu blqu`ar häb y hapagh`aghf ha lb orbvahbh qua prasagtb al nanà. ]uahag rabl`zbrsa tras f dâs curbs, b i`g ha lforbr qua lb dfllarb llaoua b su raspact`vf luobr. ]brb av`tbr lb nbjb ha lb dfllarb ha lfs rac`àg gbc`hfs, lbs bnualbs racfd`aghbg gf juobr cfg al  nanà lavbgtâghflf nruscbdagta f lbgzâghflf bl b`ra, bsä d`sdf, av`tbr tfcbr lb zfgb ag hfgha sa sa lfcbl`zb lb dfllarb. Al prfcasf ha curbc`óg vbräb saoúg lb ahbh hal pbc`agta y ifrdb ha curbr ha lb bnualb, ag asta cbsf sa hascr`na al prfcasf ha curbc`óg ha ug nana f ug g`òf, al cubl sa hasbrrfllb ha lb s`ou`agta 33

 

dbgarb: sa cbl`agtb al boub, luaof lb curbgharb `gtrfhuca al hahf dah`f y al ägh`ca cu`hbhfsbdagta ag lb nfcb hal pbc`agta, pbrb nuscbr lb pbrta `gilbdbhb y lavbgtbrla lb dfllarb, ag ftrbs cbsfs lb curbgharb pblpb lb cbnac`tb hal nana pbrb sagt`r ugb paquaòb bnarturb ag lb pbrta ha lb dfllarb,  pfstar`frdagta cflfcb boub t`n`b ag su nfcb pbrb succ`fgb succ`fgbrr lb dfllarb ha dbgarb cu`hbhfsb.

8.>.8. Sustf Al sustf puaha hai`g`rsa cfdf ug `dpbctf ps`cflóo`cf ha `gtags`hbh vbr`bhb qua sa pbhaca b cfgsacuagc`b ha ibctfras h`varsfs agtra lfs qua sa agcuagtrbg lfs ha äghfla sfnragbturbl, iagódagfs gbturblas y c`rcugscr`tfs ag axpar`agc`bs parsfgblas qua adaroag adar oag cfdf avagtubl`hbhas ifrtu`tbs hal tfhf `gasparbhbs. As lb bltarbc`óg hal astbhf adfc`fgbl ha ugb parsfgb fcbs`fgbhf pfr ug bcfgtac`d`agtf iuarta, rapagt`gf, cuyb bltarbc`óg cagtrbl as lb pàrh`hb ha su agaroäb. Al “sustf— puaha biactbr ag cublqu`ar

ahbh y b cublqu`ar parsfgb. Lbs parsfgbs qua sfg biactbhbs pfr asta pbhac`d`agtf prasagtbg blougfs sägtfdbs f cfdpl`cbc`fgas tblas cfdf: v`s`nla btbqua bl astbhf oagarbl, hacb`d`agtf, taghagc`b b bcfstbrsa f sagtbrsa ag luobras hfgha puahag rac`n`r al sfl, `gsfdg`f, iräf ag lbs axtrad`hbhas, hasvbgac`d`agtfs, hflfr ha cbnazb, tadfr b lfs suaòfs ag lfs qua sa rap`tag astaraft`pfs bdagbzbhfras. Lbs parsfgbs cfgfcahfrbs ha lb dbtar`b adplabg dbtar`blas qua prfcahag ha lb gbturblazb pbrb trbtbr asta pbhac`d`agtf s`ou`aghf lb trbh`c`óg ha lb dah`c`gb dbyb, agtra lfs cublas pfhadfs dagc`fgbr lb ruhb, lb p`d`agtb ofrhb, al boub brh`agta, al boub purb y lb ck`lcb. Al prfcah`d`agtf qua rabl`zbg lbs bnualbs curbgharbs pbrb trbtbr al sustf as qua hana tfdbr tras trbofs ha boub, luaof sa la paob cfg lb ck`lcb. Ftrb ifrdb qua ut`l`zbg lbs curbgharbs as sagtbr bl pbc`agta ag ugb s`llb s `llb luaof cfg al boub rfhabg al luobr hfgha sa s`túb, v`artag lb p`d`agtb ofrhb hagtrf ha lb tbzb ha boub y al pbc`agta hana ha i`jbr ag al rac`p`agta, bsä d`sdf lb curbgharb dbst`cb lb ruhb y tfdb ug trbof ha boub brh`agta pbrb dazclbrlb, nuscb pugtfs aspacäi`cfs ag al cuarpf ha h a lb parsfgb ag hfgha lfcbl`zb al pulsf sbgouägaf 38

 

 pbrb rabl`zbr ugb succ`óg ha lb agaroäb gaobt`vb qua astâ biactbghf b lb parsfgb qua prasagtb h`ckf  pbhac`d`agtf, i`gbl`zb lb curbc`óg ascup`aghf lb rruhb uhb y al boub brh`agta ag lb iragta ir agta y lb aspblhb hal pbc`agta. ]brb pfhar rabl`zbr lb curbc`óg ax`stag häbs aspac`blas ag lfs cublas as dâs aiact`vf al  prfcah`d`agtf, lfs häbs sfg dbrtas y v`argas. ]brb qua lfs pbc`agtas lforag racuparbr tftbldagta lbs agaroäbs iäs`cbs y v`tblas as gacasbr`f rabl`zbr tras curbs.

8.>.1.  @ctar`c`b f Lb Xr`stazb Al pbhac`d`agtf ha lb `ctar`c`b as gfc`vf, `ghuca b lb parsfgb ag ug cubhrf hapras`vf ag al qua, `gclus`va, sa va biactbhf su bpat`tf (gf s`agta kbdnra, gf la hb kbdnra b pasbr ha gf cfdar), su âg`df, su ps`qu`s. Sa p`arha tfhf `gtaràs pfr lb v`hb, sa prasagtb `gh`iaragc`b, pfcb vflugtbh. Lbs parsfgbs f pbc`agtas qua pbhacag ha asta t`pf ha agiardahbh prasagtbg c`artfs sägtfdbs cfdf: v`v`r hasbg`dbhf, ag s`lagc`f, ibltb ha vflugtbh, hapras`óg, s`g bpat`tf f has`lus`fgbhf. Lfs dbtar`blas qua adplabg lbs parsfgbs axpartbs ag lb dbtar`b ha curbc`óg ha `ctar`c`b sfg lfs s`ou`agtas: ugb tbzb ha boub, p`d`agtb ofrhb, ruhb, ck`la, boub brh`agta, brh `agta, ck`lcb, oarbg`f rfjf, clbval, olbh`flb y dbrbv`llb. Al prfcah`d`agtf qua rabl`zbg lbs curbgharbs pbrb curbr lb t`r`c`b cfgs`sta ag kbcar ug rbdf cfg tfhbs lbs ilfras y lb ck`lcb, luaof sa la pbsb al rbdf pfr tfhf al cuarpf bl pbc`agta, al cubl lf hana llavbr cbrobhf ag ug ranfzf f dfrrbl pbrb haspuàs cflfcbrlf carcb ha lb bldfkbhb f b ug lbhf hal luobr hfgha huarda. Bl i`gbl lf qua rastb pfr pf r kbcar as qua al pbc`agta nusqua ug räf y hana s`tubrsa ag lb pbrta ag hfgha lb cfrr`agta as dâs iuarta pbrb lbgzbr ugb pfr ugb cbhb rbd`tb qua cfdpfga al rbdf h`c`aghf astbs pblbnrbs “bh`ós tr`stazb –  bh`ós t`r`c`b— y var qua lb cfrr`agta sa llava lf dâs

lajfs pfs`nla lbs ilfras qua sa kughag f sa p`arhag ag al boub qua gugcb as lb d`sdb.

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Asta pbhac`d`agtf tbdn`àg t`aga häbs aspacäi`cfs pbrb pfhar llavbr b cbnf lbs curbc`fgas y qua  pard`tag qua sab aiact`vf, lfs häbs sfg dbrtas y v`argas. Bl `oubl qua al pbhac`d`agtf ha sustf lb t`r`c`b tbdn`àg hana rabl`zbr tras curbs pbrb lforbr rav`tbl`zbr lbs agaroäbs y al astbhf bgäd`cf hal pbc`agta.

8.>.9. ]ujf As ugb agiardahbh qua pbhacag lbs g`òbs y lfs g`òfs rac`àg gbc`hfs, qua cfgs`sta ag ackbr iuarzbs, astf sa hb cubghf al rac`àg gbc`hf as fnsarvbhf pfr ugb dujar adnbrbzbhb pr`dar`zb f qua sa agcuagtra ag su c`clf dagstrubl, bhadâs s` lb d`sdb t`aga lbs agaroäbs iuartas f gaobt`vbs. Lfs ap`sfh`fs ha llbgtf qua prasagtb al nanà sfg h`iaragtas y pbrac`arb qua la hfl`arb, sa quajb cubghf astâ hfrd`hf, pujb y sa asiuarzb pbrb haiacbr, cbdn`b ha cflfr hal rfstrf y kbstb sa  pfga rfjf, ftrbs vacas sflf llfrb s`g axpl`cbc`óg bpbragta y agcfja sus p`argbs y nrbzfs, lfs pbhras sa prafcupbg pfr qua gftbg qua sa adp`azb kbcar h`iäc`l al bl`dagtbrla, qu`ara astbr sflf ag lfs  nrbzfs, hasab cfdar âv`hbdagta, parf ag al bloúg dfdagtf sa agfjb y hajb ha cfdar. Bl gf btaghar asta pbhac`d`agtf lfs nanas qua lb suirag astâg prfpagsfs b qua al fdnl`of sa la sfnrasblta ha su astbhf gfrdbl, llaobghf b sbgorbr. Lfs nanas qua pbhacag asta dblastbr prasagtbg f dbg`i`astbg sägtfdbs cfdf llbgtf iuarta y iracuagta s`g axpl`cbc`óg bpbragtadagta agcfja ag cfja sus p`argbs y nrbzfs, quaj`hfs, cól`cfs f `gcfdfh`hbh, sa agfjb ag cublqu`ar dfdagtf. Lfs dbtar`blas b adplabr pbrb al trbtbd`agtf hal pujf astâg lb lacka dbtargb, ug patbta, cfn`jb f sânbgb. Saoúg lb axpar`agc`b ha lb curbgharb ax`stag vbr`bs ifrdbs ha pfhar llavbr b cbnf lb curbc`óg bl  pbhac`d`agtf, ag pr`dar luobr sa prfcaha prf caha b carg`r f cfludp`br bl nanà ag ifrdb ha cruz sfnra sfn ra al raobzf ha lb d`sdb, razbghf ugb plaobr`b aspac`bl, asta prfcah`d`agtf as al qua sa rabl`zb cubghf al pujf as cbusbhf pfr ugb saòfr`tb qua sa agcuagtrb ag su par`fhf dagstrubl.

39

 

Lb saoughb ifrdb ha pfhar rabl`zbr lb curbc`óg as ut`l`zbr lb cfn`jb y al patbta, sa hana rabl`zbr ag al ârab ha ugb oftarb ha lb cbsb, razbghf ha `oubl dbgarb lb plaobr`b aspac`bl pbrb cfgtrbrrastbr lfs sägtfdbs hal pbhac`d`agtf, astb ifrdb as lb qua sa rabl`zb cubghf as cbusbhf pfr ugb dujar adnbrbzbhb pr`dar`zb yb qua lb ifrdb trbh`c`fgbl gf suroa aiactfs `gdah`btfs. Xbdn`àg ax`sta lb craagc`b ha ugb tarcarb ifrdb ha pujf, astb ifrdb i frdb as cubghf bl nanà sa la gftb axbltbhf, cfg llbgtfs iuartas y agfjbhf, lb cbrbctaräst`cb ha astb ifrdb as qua bl nana la nrftbg  pal`tfs ag ifrdb ha asp`gbs ha ousbgf y lb clbva pbrb pfhar pf har curbrlb as vartar varta r lacka ha lb dbhra ag lb aspblhb hal nanà, luaof lb curbgharb hana ha pbsbr al hahf ag lb aspblhb f al ârab biactbhb pbrb rat`rbr lfs dflastfs pal`tfs. Bl `oubl qua ftrfs pbhac`d`agtfs kby häbs aspacäi`cfs pbrb pfhar llavbr b cbnf lbs curbc`fgas cur bc`fgas y astfs häbs sfg dbrtas y v`argas. Lbs curbs gacasbr`bs pbrb qua al nanà haja ha pbhacar h`ckb biacc`óg sfg tras, lforbghf bsä qua al astbhf bgäd`cf hal nanà raorasa b su gfrdbl`hbh y puahb astbr trbgqu`lf.

8.>.?. Zbibhurb  Lb zbibhurb as ugb hasv`bc`óg ha cublqu`ar kuasf ha su luobr gbturbl, fcbs`fgbhf pfr ug dbl dfv`d`agtf, ug bcc`hagta, pfr prbct`cbr bloúg hapfrta f pfr ug oflpa, fcbs`fgbghf hflfr a k`gckbzóg ag al ârab biactbhb. ]brb al trbtbd`agtf ha lb zbibhurb, lfs kuasarfs ut`l`zbg dbtar`blas tblas cfdf: plbgtbs aspac`blas sbcbna, Sbgtf Hfd`gof, w`qn‐bq y tradagt`gb, dah`c`gbs gbturblas qua sfg duy aiact`vbs pbrb bl`v`br al hflfr, lb k`gckbzóg y prfcurbg qua al kuasf llaoua cfg ibc`l`hbh b su luobr. Hurbgta al prfcasf ha curbc`óg f trbtbd`agtf ha lb las`óg, lfs kuasarfs avblúbg lb dbog`tuh ha lb zbibhurb prav`f b lb tfdb ha hac`s`fgas cfg al i`g ha pfhar hbrla al trbtbd`agtf bhacubhf,  pfstar`frdagta sa prapbrbg pr apbrbg lbs plbgtbs qua sa uut`l`zbrâg t`l`zbrâg hurbgta lb curbc`óg y cubghf lb dah`c`gb yb astâ l`stb, al kuasarf kbca hal`cbhfs dbsbjas ag lb zfgb biactbhb pbrb qua al kuasf raorasa al b su luobr gbturbl. 3?

 

Ftrfs bnualfs curbg úg`cbdagta kbc`aghf usf ha pfdbhb ha vblagc`b, bcfdpbòbhf ha l`oarfs dbsbjas y bl d`sdf t`adpf la kbnlbg bl kuasf pbrb qua raorasa b su luobr, haspuàs ha astf, ut`l`zbg ug vaghbja pbrb av`tbr qua al kuasf sa h`slfqua guavbdagta. Astbs curbc`fgas gf lf puahag kbcar cublqu`ar t`pf ha parsfgbs, pfrqua cbhb kuasarf t`aga ug hfg aspac`bl qua hapagha duckf ha su gbwbl, saoúg al cblaghbr`f dbyb y ha bcuarhf b allf, blougfs t`agag al pr`v`lao`f ha kbnlbrla bl kuasf pbrb qua asta raorasa b su luobr cfg ibc`l`hbh. Cfdúgdagta lbs curbc`fgas sa rabl`zbg cublqu`ar häb, yb qua lbs zbibhurbs sfg `dprahac`nlas y al trbtbd`agtf t`aga qua sar `gdah`btf pbrb qua gf g f sa cfdpl`qua cfg al pbsf ha lfs häbs, lbs sas`fgas ha curbc`óg hapaghag duckf ha lb orbvahbh ha lb las`óg, pfrqua cubghf as cfdpl`cbhf f qua al  pbc`agta yb llava vbr`fs häbs s`g qua sab btagh`hf, as dâs h`iäc`l qua al kuasf raorasa b su luobr y raqu`ara ha vbr`bs sas`fgas pbrb qua al trbtbd`agtf surtb aiactf. Haspuàs ha lbs curbs, al pbc`agta hana ha tfdbr c`artbs dah`hbs pravagt`vbs cfdf: gf kbcar usf ha iuarzb cfg lb pbrta curbhb y rapfsbr pbrb av`tbr qua al kuasf sa hasväa guavbdagta.

8.>.;. @giacc`óg ha lbs bdäohblbs Lb `giacc`óg ha obrobgtb as ugb `gilbdbc`óg qua sa hb ag lbs bdäohblbs, aspac`bldagta ag lfs  nanas pfr sbcbrlfs bl b`ra.   Ha bcuarhf b lb `gifrdbc`óg fntag`hb ha lbs bnualbs y bnualfs, lfs g`òfs cfg `giacc`óg ha obrobgtb prasagtbg sägtfdbs cfdf: i`anra y hajbg ha cfdar. Lb `giacc`óg ha obrobgtb gf sa  prasagtb úg`cbdagta ag nanas, s`gf ag a g g`òfs, bhflascagtas y parsfgbs bhultbs. bh ultbs. Saoúg lb axpar`agc`b ha lbs bnualbs, lb curbc`óg ha astb `giacc`óg sa kbca dâs cfdpl`cbhb ag  nanas y ag parsfgbs bhultbs, aspacäi`cbdagta ag lfs kfdnras, pfrqua, ha bcuarhf b lfs cfgfc`d`agtfs ha allbs, as dâs h`iäc`l curbr b ug kfdnra qua b ugb dujar, pfr al kackf ha qua lfs kfdnras t`agag ugb obrobgtb dâs prfiughb y raqu`ara ha dâs häbs ha curbc`óg pbrb sbgbr.

3;

 

Hagtrf ha lfs aladagtfs dah`c`gblas qua ut`l`zbg lbs bnualbs pbrb kbcar asta t`pf ha curbc`fgas astâg: boub cbl`agta, kfjbs ha bgfgb y ag blougfs cbsfs ut`l`zbg lb pfdbhb ha vblagc`b f bca`ta ha fl`vb.

Ag al cbsf ha lfs bhultfs, nbstb úg`cbdagta cfg al usf ha boub t`n`b f bca`ta ha fl`vb pbrb p brb pfhar dbsbjabr l`oarbdagta ag lb pbrta `gilbdbhb ha lb obrobgtb, parf asta as al cbsf cfdpl`cbhf pfr al kackf ha qua lb curbgharb t`aga qua q ua `gtrfhuc`r cbs` tfhb lb dbgf ag lb nfcb hal ppbc`agta bc`agta pbrb pfhar llaobr b lb `gilbdbc`óg. Lbs sas`fgas ha curb hapaghag duckf ha lb dajfrb hal pbc`agta, ag fcbs`fgas gf nbstb cfg ugb vaz, s`gf ha vbr`bs vacas pbr qua al pbc`agta sa cura pfr cfdplatf. ]brb rabl`zbr asta t`pf ha curbc`fgas gf kby häb aspacäi`cf pbrb pfhar btaghar b lfs pbc`agtas, pfrqua al hflfr as iuarta a `gclusf pbrb lfs g`òfs asparbr ug häb pfga ag r`asof su v`hb, puas puaha adpafrbr f `gclusf llaobr b lb duarta. Cfg asta hfg ha curbc`óg gbturbl, sa kbg pfh`hf sblvbr b vbr`bs parsfgbs ha sfdatarsa b fparbc`fgas y suo`arag qua cbhb parsfgb sa cu`ha pbrb av`tbr astb agiardahbh qua puaha llaobr b  pfgar ag pal`orf lb v`hb ha cbhb ugf.

8.>.0. Hflfr ha cbnazb Al hflfr ha cbnazb as ugb bltarbc`óg adfc`fgbl qua suira al sar kudbgf, pfr astbr hasaqu`l`nrbhf cfg lbs agaroäbs ha lb gbturblazb, ha bcuarhf b lfs cfgfc`d`agtfs ha guastrfs bnualfs y bnualbs sucaha astf pfr rac`n`r dblbs agaroäbs f agv`h`b ha ftrbs parsfgbs. Lfs sägtfdbs qua sa prasagtbg cubghf al pbc`agta astâ hasaqu`l`nrbhf adfc`fgbldagta sfg lfs s`ou`agtas: hapras`óg, cubghf lb parsfgb gf qu`ara rabl`zbr g`gougb bct`v`hbh cft`h`bgb y su bct`tuh as al ha blajbrsa ha lfs qua lf rfhabg, bgs`ahbh, sa rai`ara b d`ahfs `gtagsfs y axcas`vfs sfnra sus  prafcupbc`fgas, qua b lb lbrob, gf t`aga iughbdagtfs sfnra su v`hb, parf qua lf dbg`i`astb ag quarar rasflvarlfs5 pfrqua, s`agta lb gacas`hbh ha sfluc`fgbrlf biactbghf ag tfhb bct`v`hbh iäs`cb y dagtbl, hasdft`vbc`óg ha lb parsfgb t`agha b tagar dblb cfghuctb, nbjb butfast`db y su 30

 

tadparbdagtf as duy iuarta, gf bcaptb byuhb ha g`gougb parsfgb pagsbghf qua lf qua rabl`zb as lf cfrractf. Lfs dbtar`blas ut`l`zbhfs ut`l`zbhfs pbrb lb curbc`óg ha astb hflagc`b sfg: al l`dóg, kuavfs cr`fllfs,  pfrqua cfg allfs t`agag alavbhbs agaroäbs ha curbc`óg, cfsb qua cfg ug kuavf ha orbgjb gf rabl`zb lfs rasultbhfs asparbhfs ha sbgbc`óg. ]brb al trbtbd`agtf ha astb bltarbc`óg adfc`fgbl, lfs curbgharfs `gvfcbg b tfhfs lfs aladagtfs ha lb gbturblazb, p`h`àghflas qua lb parsfgb sab sbgbhb, pfstar`frdagta pfsta r`frdagta pbsbg ug kuavf f l`dóg ag lb cbnazb ha lb parsfgb biactbhb, luaof as brrfjbhb ag ug luobr lajbgf pbrb qua lbs agaroäbs ha lb t`arrb bnsfrnbg al hflfr y lf rat`ra ha lb parsfgb agiardb, ha praiaragc`b bdnfs hanag ha `r b t`rbr lfs dbtar`blas ut`l`zbhfs pbrb qua sab dâs aiact`vb lb curb y cfg tras b s`ata curbc`fgas al pbc`agta  puahb sbgbr gf `dpfrtb al häb g` lb kfrb pbrb rabl`zbr lb curb, clbrf astâ qua s` s`oua lb agiardahbh  puaha vbr`br lbs curbc`fgas.

8.>.2=. Hflfr ha astódbof pfr lfdnr`cas As ug dblastbr qua sa prasagtb ag al bnhfdag, oagarbldagta ag lfs g`òfs pfr al blnfrftf ha lfdnr`cas, qua hasha al cfgcaptf ha guastrfs bnualfs dbybs. gf hal tfhf lbs lfdnr`cas sfg dblbs,  pfrqua s` gf sa tuv`arb lfdnr`cas ag al astódbof gf sa taghräb bpat`tf ag cfgsud`r bloúg t`pf ha bl`dagtf, cbusbghf astf kbstb lb duarta clbs`i`cbghf b asta t`pf cfdf lfdnr`z ha cfd`hb, parf ag  nbsa b sus axpar`agc`bs ax`stag lfdnr`cas hbò`gbs b lb sbluh hal g`òf cubghf al blnfrftf ha lb lfdnr`cas sfg axcas`vbs. Lfs sägtfdbs qua sa prasagtbg cubghf ug g`òf t`aga blnfrftf ha lfdnr`cas sfg lfs s`ou`agtas: gf t`agag bpat`tf ha cfgsud`r bl`dagtfs bl`dagtfs, vód`tf, Lbs cbusbs hal blnfrftf ha lbs lfdnr`cas ag al astódbof ha lbs y lfs g`òfs sfg: Suroa cubghf sa hasaó blof y gf iua cfgsud`hf pfr lb parsfgb. Astf kbca qua sa la blnfrftag lbs lfdnr`cas, as hac`r5 al aiactf ag lfs g`òfs sarâ vfd`tbr pbrb sbcbr lb lfdnr`z hbò`gb, h`sd`guc`óg ha pasf. Lfs g`òfs yb gf cfdag cfdf bgtas lf astbnbg kbc`aghf, agtfgcas su pasf h`sd`guya orbhubldagta, tbdn`àg suala sucahar qua pfr ibltbg ha gutr`agtas, lfs g`òfs puahag 8=

 

tagar bgad`b y ug axcas`vf cbgsbgc`f qua fcbs`fgb qua lfs g`òfs y g`òbs qua pbhacag astb agiardahbh pardbgazcbg sflf hurd`aghf. Lb cbusb hal blnfrftf ha lfdnr`cas as cubghf sa hbg lfs pr`darfs truagfs y lluv`bs qua ha bcuarhf b guastrf cfgtaxtf sucaha ag lfs pr`darfs häbs hal das ha dbyf, cubghf hb `g`c`f al `gv`argf, lfs curbgharfs `gh`cbg qua sa puaha pravag`r rabl`zbghf al prfcah`d`agtf s`ou`agta: Bl dfdagtf ha lfs pr`darfs truagfs y lluv`bs b lfs g`òfs hanag ha hbrlas tras pbldbhbs p bldbhbs ag lb aspblhb. ]brb al blnfrftf ha lfdnr`cas ag lfs g`òfs, lfs sbn`fs curbgharfs ut`l`zbg lbs s`ou`agtas plbgtbs dah`c`gblas, k`arnb nuagb, bjf y bpbzfta kbc`aghf k bc`aghf ha astfs ug jbrbna nan`nla pbrb pbr b qua lfs g`òfs lf cfgsudbg. Lfs pbsfs b saou`r pbrb al trbtbd`agtf y sbgbc`óg hal astódbof, sa pfgag b cfsar lbs plbgtbs dah`c`gblas, cubghf astà l`stf al jbrbna, lb curbgharb la kbca ug dbsbja bnhfd`gbl bl pbc`agta, haspuàs, la hb al tà pbrb axpulsbr b lbs lfdnr`cas. As duy varäh`cf cubghf asta prfcah`d`agtf iugc`óg yb qua, b trbvàs ha lbs curbs, lfs g`òfs adp`azbg cfg vód`tfs y b trbvàs ha asta axpulsbg lbs lfdnr`cas qua sfg hbò`gbs pbrb su cuarpf. Lfs bnualfs y bnualbs `gh`cbg qua sa puaha pu aha curbr cublqu`ar häb y kfrb, y qua as `dpfrtbgta qua lb parsfgb sab rav`sbhb cubghf lf gacas`tb, pbrb pravag`r qua sa la blnfrftag guavbdagta lbs lfdnr`cas y puahbg cbusbrla bloúg hbòf i`scf `rravars`nla cfdf as lb hasgutr`c`óg cróg`cb. ]brb lb rabl`zbc`óg ha asta prfcah`d`agtf ha curbc`óg, sa puaha kbcar usf ha cublqu`ar häb y kfrb, as `dpfrtbgta qua lb parsfgb sab rav`sbhb cubghf lf gacas`tb f llavbr al raspact`vf cfgtrfl cfg ugb cfdbhrfgb, pbrb av`tbr r`asofs b su sbluh y b lb hal nana. Ag ftrbs rao`fgas hal puanlf dbyb, lb curbc`óg y axpuls`óg ha lfdnr`cas as ag lugb llagb.

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8. 

^AILA[@ÓG P H@SCQS@ÓG HA ^ASQLXBHFS

Lb Cfsdfv`s`óg Dbyb astbnlaca qua tfhf lf qua ax`sta t`aga v`hb y cbhb ugf ha lfs aladagtfs qua cfdpfgag al cfsdfs, astâg astrackbdagta ralbc`fgbhbs agtra sä, cbhb ugf pfsaa ugb agaroäb ag pbrt`culbr. H`ckb agaroäb sa rac`na hal gbwbl ftfrobhf pfr al Crabhfr y Ifrdbhfr, bl dfdagtf ha gbcar, asb d`sdb agaroäb sa puaha agcfgtrbr ag luobras ha lb gbturblazb cbtblfobhfs cfdf Luobras Agaroàt`cfs, lfs cublas pard`tag gutr`r y v`gculbr lb agaroäb ha lb parsfgb cfg lb ha lb gbturblazb. Lbs agiardahbhas qua sa railajbg ag lb v`hb ha tfhb parsfgb, sa hanag bl hasaqu`l`nr`f agaroàt`cf qua sa kbca prasagta dah`bgta al astràs, prafcupbc`fgas, agfjfs y ftrfs, qua tard`gbg  pfr hbòbr al bldb, aspär`tu y pagsbd`agtf hal sujatf. Bl agcfgtrbrsa bltarbhb lb agaroäb qua adbgb hal `gh`v`huf, suroag lbs agiardahbhas cfdf ugb cfgsacuagc`b qua, cfg al pbsf hal t`adpf, vb dardbghf lb sbluh ha lb parsfgb. ]brb rastbnlacar lb sbluh hal sar kudbgf, as part`gagta bcuh`r b lb curbc`óg agaroàt`cb, yb qua sa agt`agha qua tfhb agiardahbh as fcbs`fgbhb pfr ugb bltarbc`óg ag lb agaroäb qua pfsaa al sar kudbgf. ]brb allf as gacasbr`f bnfcbrsa b lbs parsfgbs `hógabs, qua cfgfzcbg sfnra al tadb. ]brb prfiugh`zbr asta tadb, sa v`f lb gacas`hbh ha v`s`tbr b Curbgharfs ha lb pfnlbc`óg pbrb qua cfdpbrt`arbg su cfgfc`d`agtf bgcastrbl sfnra asta t`pf ha curbc`óg, cfg al prfpós`tf ha s`stadbt`zbr y prasarvbr al cfgfc`d`agtf Dbyb Bgt`ouf. Dah`bgta lbs agtrav`stbs b lfs curbgharfs, sa puhf fntagar cfgfc`d`agtfs cfdf: dbtar`blas ha curbc`óg, prfcah`d`agtfs, r`tublas y blougbs racfdaghbc`fgas iughbdagtblas pbrb rastbnlacar al aqu`l`nr`f agaroàt`cf ag lb parsfgb. Bhadâs, saoúg lfs cfgfc`d`agtfs ha lfs bnualfs y bnualbs sa hana ha rabl`zbr ug h`bogóst`cf prav`f bl trbtbd`agtf ha lbs agiardahbhas, pbrb kbcar al prfcasf bhacubhf. I`gbldagta, ag al prasagta hfcudagtf sa plbsdbg lfs cfgfc`d`agtfs dbybs, ag al ârab ha Dah`c`gb, qua pard`t`râ b lbs próx`dbs oagarbc`fgas cfgsarvbr lbs prâct`cbs bgcastrblas. 8>

 

1.  YBL@HBC@FG As duy `dpfrtbgta ag tfhb `gvast`obc`óg, vbl`hbr tfhb `gifrdbc`óg fntag`hb b trbvàs ha ug `gstrudagtf pbrb lb fntagc`óg ha hbtfs f `gifrdbc`óg cfg sujatfs `gifrdbgtas, ag al cbsf hal tadb Curbc`óg agaroàt`cb hasha al pagsbd`agtf dbyb, asta prfcasf sa llavó b cbnf ag lbs `gstblbc`fgas qua fcupb al Cflao`f D`xtf N`l`goüa @gtarculturbl Kgf. Fscbr Bzd`t`b “CFDN@—.  Lb bct`v`hbh hasbrrfllbhb cfgtó cfg lb pbrt`c`pbc`óg ha parsfgbs pfsaahfrbs ha lfs cfgfc`d`agtfs bcarcb ha ifrdbs ha curbc`óg agaroàt`cb (Curbgharbs y Bj q‐`j ouäb asp`r`tubl), sa las `gv`tó b pbrt`c`pbr ag lb vbl`hbc`óg ha lbs d`sdb b lb cubl bcuh`arfg cfg orbg agtus`bsdf y dft`vbc`óg pbrb pfhar cfdpbrt`r h`ckfs cfgfc`d`agtfs. Al hasbrrfllf ha lb bct`v`hbh astuvf b cbrof ha lfs hfcagtas qua lbnfrbg cfg al c`clf nâs`cf ha h`ckf astbnlac`d`agtf ag cfgjugtf cfg lfs astuh`bgtas ha tarcarf nâs`cf qua llavbrfg b cbnf lbs agtrav`stbs b cbhb ugb ha lbs parsfgbs pbrt`c`pbgtas ha lb bct`v`hbh, pbrb lf cubl sa al`o`ó b ug orupf ha astuh`bgtas qua astuv`arfg b cbrof ha cbhb ugf ha lfs tadbs b trbtbr pbrb qua layarbg lb `gifrdbc`óg fntag`hb ha h`ckbs agtrav`stbs. Lb tàcg`cb ut`l`zbhb pbrb lb vbl`hbc`óg as al ifrf ag al cubl lfs astuh`bgtas y lbs parsfgbs cfgfcahfrbs hal tadb iuarfg lfs axpfs`tfras, bhadâs sa cfgtó cfg ug dfharbhfr ha lb bct`v`hbh qu`ag iua al agcbrobhf ha prasagtbr b cbhb ugf ha lfs pbrt`c`pbgtas y hbr b cfgfcar al prfpós`tf ha lb bct`v`hbh. Luaof ha prasagtbr b cbhb ugb ha lbs parsfgbs cfgfcahfrbs hal tadb, sa `g`c`ó b hbr lacturb ha ifrdb frhagbhb pfr pbrta ha lfs astuh`bgtas ha lb `gifrdbc`óg ha cbhb ugb ha lbs agiardahbhas agaroàt`cbs. B lf cubl lbs bnualbs curbgharbs y al ouäb asp`r`tubl prastbrfg lb han`hb btagc`óg b h`ckb `gifrdbc`óg, pbrb luaof hbr cbhb ugf su prfp`f pugtf ha v`stb ag nbsa b su axpar`agc`b y su ifrdb ha curbc`óg, lforbghf cfg astf var`i`cbr qua lf fntag`hf arb lf cfrractf f ax`stäb dâs `gifrdbc`óg bcarcb ha cbhb ugb ha lbs agiardahbhas. Sa lforó bdpl`br lb `gifrdbc`óg y pfhar cfrrao`r blougfs  prfcah`d`agtfs, bsä cfdf lfs dbtar`blas b ut`l`zbr pbrb lb curbc`óg.

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Ag al trbgscursf hal ifrf lbs curbgharbs iuarfg bclbrbghf qua t`pf ha agiardahbh as lb qua trbtbg, bsä d`sdf cfdf as al prfcah`d`agtf qua rabl`zbg, bclbrbrfg qua gf tfhbs lbs parsfgbs sfg cbpbcas ha pfhar rabl`zbr astf prfcah`d`agtfs pfrqua hapagha duckf ha lbs cbrbctaräst`cbs, kbn`l`hbhas y g`val ha agaroäb hal gbkubl ha su gbc`d`agtf. gb c`d`agtf. Axprasbrfg su axpar`agc`b ha códf có df as qua allbs puahag rabl`zbr asta t`pf ha curbc`fgas agaroàt`cbs, ha qu`ag bpragh`arfg h`ckfs cfgfc`d`agtfs y cfdf lfs adpazbrfg b bpl`cbr. Lfs pr`darfs pr `darfs cfgtbctfs cfg lbs curbc`fgas bclbrbg qua iua cfg sus d`sdfs ibd`l`bras (kardbgfs, k`jfs, sfnr`gfs, atc), ag gudarfsfs cbsfs h`ckb biacc`óg qua pbhacäbg sus pbc`agtas arbg duy h`iäc`las ha curbr pfr lf cubl racurräbg b rabl`zbr vbr`bs curbs pbrb rav`tbl`zbr b lbs parsfgbs. Xbdn`àg cfgtbrfg qua kbg llaobhf parsfgbs cfg cbsfs duy h`iäc`las qua kbg bcuh`hf b cagtrfs kfsp`tblbr`fs y las kbg hbhf ug h`bogóst`cf dàh`cf qua raquaräb ugb `gtarvagc`óg fparbtfr`b, s`g adnbrof, haspuàs ha kbnar bcuh`hf b lb curbgharb y sa las rabl`zbrb lb curbc`óg h`ckb biacc`óg iua sbgbhb. ]brb i`gbl`zbr lb bct`v`hbh lbs curbgharbs y al ouäb asp`r`tubl k`c`arfg blougfs cfdagtbr`fs bcarcb ha h`ckf prfcasf qua sa kbnäb rabl`zbhf pfrqua as duy `dpfrtbgta ifdagtbr y kbcar  pravblacar astfs cfgfc`d`agtfs bgcastrblas. Nr`ghbrfg cfgsajfs b lfs astuh`bgtas pbrb qua q ua ag ug ug iuturf cubghf llaouag b sar pbhras gf tadbg b racurr`r b h`ckfs prfcah`d`agtfs yb qua cfdf lf hacäbg sar pbhras gf as cfsb iâc`l parf tbdpfcf `dpfs`nla, s`adpra y cubghf raspatbghf raspatb ghf b guastrfs  prfp`fs pbhras, bnualfs y parsfgbs dbyfras qua gfs nr`ghbg lb sbn`huräb fntag`hb hurbgta lfs bòfs ha v`hb trbgscurr`hfs. Ha `oubl dbgarb al aqu`pf ha hfcagtas las borbhac`ó b lbs bnualbs curbgharbs curbghar bs y bl ouäb asp`r`tubl al kbnar bcaptbhf lb `gv`tbc`óg b raifrzbr lfs cfgfc`d`agtfs ha h`ckb `gvast`obc`óg, cfdf b lfs astuh`bgtas al kbnar rabl`zbhf lbs agtrav`stbs ha ifrdb cfgcratb yb qua s`g allf tfhf al prfcasf gf su kun`arb pfh`hf llavbr b cbnf.

9.  B]F^XAS HA LB @GYASX@OBC@ÓG Ag pr`gc`p`f cfdf ug bpfrta `dpfrtbgta pbrb iuturbs `gvast`obc`fgas, a cbna dagc`fgbr lb tadât`cb bcarcb hal tätulf ha `gvast`obc`óg, Curbc`óg Agaroàt`cb Dbyb, ag al d`sdf pfhadfs hastbcbr `gifrdbc`óg vbl`fsb qua kb s`hf trbgsd`t`hb ha oagarbc`óg ag oagarbc`óg b trbvàs ha lb trbh`c`óg 88

 

frbl ha guastrfs puanlfs fr`o`gbr`fs, aspacäi`cbdagta al ha Cugàg5 y as pfr allf qua kbcadfs k`gcbp`à ag lb cfgtr`nuc`óg ha sbnaras y cfgfc`d`agtfs bgcastrblas prfp`fs hal luobr pbrb arrbh`cbr ar rbh`cbr lfs dblas dâs cfdugas qua bhflacag lbs parsfgbs `gvflucrbhbs y sfnra tfhf lbs ifrdbs ha curbc`óg racurragtas pbrb cbhb dbl. Al fnjat`vf f njat`vf as qua lb axpar`agc`b bhqu`r`hb ag asta t`pf ha `gvast`obc`óg sab bprfvackbhb h`iughb y gf quaha ag al flv`hf. Bhadâs, sarâ ha duckb byuhb pbrb lbs parsfgbs ha ftrfs luobras, puastf qua cbhb rao`óg t`aga sus  prfp`bs v`vagc`bs, ifrdbs ha cfgcan`r lfs bcfgtac`d`agtfs y lb gbturblazb ha lbs agaroäbs qua lfs biactbg. Cfg astb `gvast`obc`óg sa nuscb qua puahbg ralbc`fgbr tfhfs y cbhb ugf ha lfs kackfs ralavbgtas plbsdbhfs ag astb `gvast`obc`óg, pbrb qua lbs axpar`dagtag y sfnra tfhf sabg pbrtäc`pas ag lb albnfrbc`óg ha dâs iuagtas ha `gifrdbc`óg pbrb qua asta laobhf gf sa p`arhb. Xbdn`àg tagadfs cfdf `g`c`bt`vb al usf ha cagtrfs ha curbc`óg agaroàt`cb, ag lfs qua sa puaha trbnbjbr ag  plag`tuh pfr tfhf lf qua raprasagtb y lbs agaroäbs agar oäbs qua adbgbg ha allfs. C`artbdagta, kbnrâ qua hascunr`r lfs cagtrfs ha curbc`óg agaroàt`cb ag luobras hfgha as pfcf  prfnbnla qua sa tagob y/f sa cuagta cfg lfs d`sdfs, s`g adnbrof as ugb `gqu`atuh qua suroa b  pbrt`r ha lb `gvast`obc`óg rabl`zbhb y pfr agha ug trbnbjf cfdug`tbr`f cfrraspfgh`agta b qu`agas tagobg lb pfs`n`l`hbh ha hbrla lacturb b guastrb `gifrdbc`óg. As cbrbctaräst`cf hal puanlf dbyb E'`cka' trbnbjbr cfg bspactfs kfläst`cfs pfr lf qua lb `gtarbcc`óg cfg lfs hadâs sar saras as v`vfs tbdn`àg ifrdbg pbrta asagc`bl ha sus v`vagc`bs, as dagastar agtfgcas racfrhbr qua tfhf t`aga v`hb y pfr cfgs`ou`agta agaroäb, lb cubl ag lb dbyfräb ha fcbs`fgas sa dbg`i`astb ha h`iaragtas dbgarbs y as  prac`sf agtaghar lb dbog`tuh ha su pfs`t`v`sdf f gaobt`v`sdf. Ag cfgsacuagc`b b lbs agaroäbs qua pfsaag tfhfs lfs saras qua `gtarbctubdfs ag asta dughf sa  puaha av`hagc`br qua pfhadfs pbsbr asbs agaroäbs pfs`t`vb f gaobt`vbdagta b lbs parsfgbs qua gfs rfhabg, kbc`àghflf ha dbgarb `gcfgsc`agta parf par f dâs s`g adnbrof kbcadfs hbòf b lbs parsfgbs vulgarbnlas y qua s`g ugb prfgtb `gtarvagc`óg pfhadfs `gclusf prfvfcbr saräbs bgfdbläbs ag su astbhf ha sbluh, adfc`óg, parcapc`óg y ftrfs cbrbctaras ha su parsfgbl`hbh. ]fr lf qua b trbvàs ha asta astuh`f sa av`hagc`brâ lbs ifrdbs ha códf cfdnbt`r astfs dblas y sagtbr pracahagtas pbrb qua lbs parsfgbs puahbg ut`l`zbrlbs cft`h`bgbdagta f cubghf lf raqu`arbg. Al cfgfc`d`agtf ha cbhb ugf ha lfs t`pfs ha curbc`óg puaha sblvboubrhbr sblvbou brhbr ugb v`hb, pfr dâs s`dpla qua pbrazcb sa hanag tfdbr tfhbs lbs dah`hbs ha pravagc`óg part`gagtas5 as guastrb i`gbl`hbh qua 81

 

sa cfgfzcb dâs b prfiugh`hbh bcarcb ha astfs tadbs pbrb pfhar cflbnfrbr cfg lbs parsfgbs qua astàg pbsbghf pfr astfs dblas y cfgtr`nu`r ag lb dah`hb ha lf pfs`nla pbrb qua sabg dagfs lfs cbsfs `gvflucrbhfs ag astfs t`pfs ha agiardahbhas y dâs lbs parsfgbs qua sapbg códf bl`v`br astfs sägtfdbs cfdugas ag guastrbs pfnlbc`fgas. Sa kbnlb ha lb dah`c`gb quäd`cb `ghustr`bl, parf sa kb cfdprfnbhf qua pr`darf hana pbsbr pfr ug prfcasf ha l`dp`b pbrb qua lf hadâs kbob aiactf ha lf cfgtrbr`f sflf v`aga kb parjuh`cbr b lb parsfgb agiardb pfr lb agaroäb qua astâ cbusbghf lb hflagc`b ag su frobg`sdf. Cfdf ugb bltargbt`vb dâs pbrb guastrfs kardbgfs tbdn`àg prfdfvadfs al bcaptbr su «ck‐ud`lblµ, su astrallb5 pbrb qua puahb cflbnfrbr cfg lbs parsfgbs qua bsä lf raqu`arbg y qua kbob usf ha lfs dbtar`blas qua lb gbturblazb gfs prfvaa, y sfnra tfhf tagob al cfgfc`d`agtf ha luobras sborbhfs ag lfs qua puahb kbcar vblar su cfgh`c`óg ha bjq‐`jbn‐, ut`l`zâghflfs cfdf cagtrfs agaroàt`cfs ha curbc`óg, s`g hajbr b ug lbhf al cfgtaf ha lbs va`gta agaroäbs qua cfgtr`nu`râg ha dbgarb pbulbt`gb cfg tfhf asta prfcasf ha rastburbc`óg y bcfdfhf b lbs bct`v`hbhas cft`h`bgbs b lf lbrof ha su ax`stagc`b. B trbvàs ha astbs prâct`cbs prfdfvadfs al rascbta y lb cfgsarvbc`óg ha guastrb culturb d`lagbr`b y pfr agha lb pbrt`c`pbc`óg ag nlfqua ha guastrbs cfdug`hbhas qua kbg ras`st`hf duckfs adnbtas hurbgta ug t`adpf `ghai`g`hf. Ag asta bspactf al bpfrta av`hagc`brâ ugb v`vagc`b s`og`i`cbt`vb y sfnra tfhf agr`quacahfrb, puastf qua ibc`l`tb lfs dah`fs pbrb bhqu`r`r cfgfc`d`agtfs ha dbgarb qua sa cfdn`gb lf taór`cf taór`cf y lf prâct`cf, cfg àgibs`s ag lb cft`h`bg`hbh. N Nagai`c`brâ agai`c`brâ b iuturfs astuh`fs ha `gvast`obc`óg ha lbs cfdug`hbhas ha BCAD, pbrb qua prfiugh`cag al tadb y qua ravbl`hag ag al sactfr ascflbr, ibd`l`br, cfdug`tbr`f, b g`val ha dug`c`p`fs y hapbrtbdagtfs ha tfhb Oubtadblb. Bhadâs ha lf bgtar`fr cfgtr`nu`r cfg ascr`tfs prfp`fs ha guastrfs puanlfs fr`o`gbr`fs, astbnlac`aghf su cfgfc`d`agtf, dadfr`bs y ftrfs bspactfs ha cbrâctar asp`r`tubl ha dbgarb qua sa cfgv`artbg ha trbh`c`óg frbl b l`tarbturb dbyb.

89

 

?.  ]^FPACC@ÓG HA SAOQ@D@AGXF HA LB @GYASX@OBC@ÓG As ug kackf n`ag dbrcbhf qua al h`iugh`r al bpragh`zbja b trbvàs hal s`dulbcrf, lb `gdars`óg , y al agsbyf f arrfr, rasultb sar ugb axpar`agc`b `gflv`hbnla pbrb qu`agas pbrt`c`pbg ag h`ckb v`vagc`b, pfrqua lf bpragh`hf quahb `gcrustbhf `gcrustbhf ag al bldb, pfr cfgs`ou`agta sa pratagha hajbr ug  pracahagta bcarcb ha lb Curbc`óg Agaroàt`cb Dbyb, su nbsa i`lfsói`cb, bgtacahagtas y al cfgfc`d`agtf ha lfs aspbc`fs caradfg`blas ag hfgha sa puaha av`hagc`br cfg tftbl plag`tuh sus v`vagc`bs, lbs qua rasultbg agr`quacahfrbs y cbrobhbs ha duckb agaroäb. ]fr lf tbgtf ag väbs ha ugb prfyacc`óg sfc`bl, ag cublqu`ar sactfr f âdn`tf5 agtraobdfs asta dbtar`bl b lbs parsfgbs `gvflucrbhbs: g`òfs, jóvagas, pbhras ha ibd`l`b, vac`gfs, y butfr`hbhas cfdug`tbr`bs hal dug`c`p`f ha Cugàg, pbrb qua ha blougb u ftrf ifrdb puahbg prfiugh`zbr bcarcb hal cfgtag`hf bgtas hascr`tf y qua b su vaz sab iuagta ha `gifrdbc`óg pbrb lbs oagarbc`fgas prasagtas, pard`t`aghf al cfdpbrt`d`agtf ha sbnaras, cfstudnras y trbh`c`fgas ha lfs puanlfs fr`o`gbr`fs y d`lagbr`fs. Cfdf ugb iuagta ha cfgsultb rasultb prfvackfsb, pfr tfhfs y cbhb ugf ha lfs broudagtfs astbnlac`hfs ag astb `gvast`obc`óg, lb axpar`agc`b v`v`hb cfg lfs bctfras `gtalactublas pbrb lb vbl`hbc`óg ha guastrfs rasultbhfs, kbcag ha astb `gifrdbc`óg ug `gstrudagtf vâl`hf y ha cbrâctar varäh`cf pbrb al saou`d`agtf y al rascbta ha duckbs du ckbs dâs ifrdbs ha curbc`óg agaroàt`cb, bsä d`sdf astbnlacar ug pbrâdatrf bcarcb ha cubgtfs dblas búg quahbg pfr hascunr`r. Lf hastbcbnla bl raspactf hal trbnbjf ha cbdpf iuà pr`fr`zbr lbs prbct`cbs prbc t`cbs cfg dbyfr iugc`fgbl`hbh y/f bpl`cbn`l`hbh s`g hascbrtbr blougbs ftrbs qua daracag sar tfdbhbs ag cuagtb pbrb su astuh`f f bgâl`s`s. Cbna dagc`fgbr qua ax`stag dâs parsfgbs cfg astbs v`rtuhas y cubl`hbhas qu`agas b su vaz trbnbjbg ha ifrdb adpär`cb pfr lfs bvbgcas ag lb dah`c`gb `ghustr`bl, parf al rasultbhf s`oua `dpras`fgbghf b tfhfs b pasbr ha sus v`c`s`tuhas. As dagastar `gcurr`r ag tfhfs lfs dah`fs kbn`hfs y pfr kbnar, lb núsquahb ha parsfgbs cfg asta hfg f v`rtuh5 pbrb qua sa fntagob ha pr`darb dbgf lb `gifrdbc`óg raquar`hb y kbcar v`rbl b g`val cfdug`tbr`f al laobhf qua cbrbctar`zb a `hagt`i`cb b lfs curbgharfs cfdf axpartfs axpar tfs ag pftagc`b pbrb lb curbc`óg agaroàt`cb ha guastrbs ibd`l`bs. Cfgs`harbghf lf bgtar`fr sa astbnlacag cbrbctaras `hógafs pbrb al saou`d`agtf y suro`d`agtf ha guavbs `gvast`obc`fgas, trbnbjfs ha cbdpf, tas`s y sad`gbr`fs agcbd`gbhfs b ifrtblacar v`vagc`bs cfdpbrt`hbs b trbvàs ha lb trbh`c`óg frbl, bugbhf b astf bsud`r al cfdprfd`sf ha vbl`hbc`óg, ag tfhfs y cbhb ugf ha lfs rasultbhfs pbrb qua sa tagob 8?

 

iughbdagtfs, nbsas laoblas y sfnra tfhf ascr`tfs, cfg al raspblhf gacasbr`f ha qu`agas puahbg cfgvart`rlfs ag ugb l`tarbturb dbyb ha cbrâctar cfdug`tbr`f, kfläst`cf, cfsdfoóg`cf y cfg sagt`hf cfdúg s`g hajbr b ug lbhf al d`st`c`sdf alfcuagta, cfgsc`agta y cfgsacuagta ha lbs parsfgbs dbybs e '`cka's.

;. 

]LBG P DADF^@B HA SFSXAG@N@L@HBH P ]A^]AXQBC@ÓG HAL CFGFC@D@AGXF DBPB CFG AY@HAGC@BS

Bl i`gbl`zbr al prfcasf `gvast`obt`vf sfnra lbs curbc`fgas agaroàt`cbs ag al dug`c`p`f ha Cugàg sa puhf var`i`cbr qua ax`stag ibctfras cfdf: • 

@gax`stagc`b iäs`cb ha ugb s`stadbt`zbc`óg sfnra curbc`fgas gaorat`cbs dbyb cugagagsa.

• 

]fcf cfgfc`d`agtf ha curbc`fgas gaorat`cbs dbyb ag lb pfnlbc`óg juvag`l.

• 

Ibltb ha `gclus`óg ha lfs sbnaras sfnra curbc`fgas agaroàt agaroàt`cbs `cbs dbybs ag lfs dah`fs ha

cfdug`cbc`óg lfcbl y gbc`fgbl. • 

Cbragc`b ha lfs cfgfc`d`agtfs prfp`fs ha lbs curbc`fgas agaroàt`cbs ag lfs cfgtag`hfs

curr`culbras b i`gas. ]fr lf cubl cfg al i`g ha av`tbr lb hasbpbr`c`óg ha cfgfc`d`agtfs sfnra curbc`fgas agaroàt`cbs cfdf tbdn`àg ag nuscb ha ugb ra`v`gh`cbc`óg sfc`bl y culturbl hal puanlf dbyb cugagagsa, al aqu`pf ha `gvast`obc`óg prfpfga c`artbs bcc`fgas bnbrcbghf al âdn`tf ahucbt`vf, lb cfdug`hbh lfcbl y gbc`fgbl, cfdf p`lbras iughbdagtblas pbrb lb trbgsd`s`óg b trbvàs ha lbs oagarbc`fgas ha astb karagc`b bgcastrbl.

0. 

]^F]QASXB HA H@YQLOBC@ÓG HAL CFGFC@D@AGXF

B cfgt`gubc`óg, sa kbca ugb hascr`pc`óg ha lbs bct`v`hbhas b rabl`zbrsa pbrb lb h`vulobc`óg hal cfgfc`d`agtf sfnra curbc`fgas agaroàt`cbs hasha al pagsbd`agtf dbyb cfg lfs astuh`bgtas hal Cflao`f D`xtf N`l`goüa @gtarculturbl “Kgf. Fscbr Bzd`t`b—, Cugàg, lfs pbhras ha ibd`l`b y lfs

hadâs d`adnrfs ha lb cfdug`hbh.

8;

 

 Gf. 2.

Bct`v`hbh ]ar`óh`cf durbl

Hascr`pc`óg Albnfrbr

ug

^acursfs

par`óh`cf Cbrtul`gbs

^aspfgsbnlas Astuh`bgtas qua

durbl qua saòbla ha ifrdb Dbrcbhfras

bpfybrfg

oagarbl lfs rasultbhfs ha  pardbgagtas

`gvast`obc`óg

lb

lb `gvast`obc`óg sfnra lb Dbse`go tbpa curbc`óg agaroàt`cb. @dâoagas sfnra al tadb >.

Ifrf

Sa rabl`zbrâ ug ifrf sfnra Aqu`pf al tadb ha lb `gvast`obc`óg bdpl`i`cbc`óg al

ha

`gvast`obc`óg

agaroàt`cbs ha sfg`hf

“curbc`fgas

hasha

ha Aqu`pf

pagsbd`agtf Axtags`óg

dbyb— pfr cbhb ugf ha lfs

Nfc`gbs

orbhfs hal c`clf nâs`cf y Lbptfp h`vars`i`cbhf.

Hfcudagtf `dprasf

3.

Orbnbc`óg  prforbdb rbh`bl

ha Lb bct`v`hbh cfgs`sta ag lb Orbnbhfrb

ha Astuh`bgtas qua

orbnbc`óg ha ug prforbdb buh`f

bpfybrfg

rbh`bl ag al cubl sa Lbptfp

`gvast`obc`óg y

`gifrda b lb pfnlbc`óg Hfcudagtf

aqu`pf hfcagta

sfnra lfs cfgfc`d`agtfs ouäb

ha `gvast`obc`óg

oagarbhfs

trbs

lb

lb

@gtargat

`gvast`obc`óg rabl`zbhb. Xbl prforbdb sa cfdpbrt`râ ag lb pâo`gb ha Ibcanffe

hal

astbnlac`d`agtf pbrb qua sab

v`stb

pfr

lfs

saou`hfras ha astb. 8.

Xr`ifl`br

Albnfrbr cfgtag`aghf

ug

tr`ifl`br Lbptfp lfs @dprasfrb @dâoagas

80

Astuh`bgtas qua bpfybrfg

lb

`gvast`obc`óg y

 

cfgfc`d`agtfs ralavbgtas Kfjbs ha pbpal aqu`pf hal tadb ha `gvast`obc`óg.  nfgh

1=

`gvast`obc`óg

ha

   

2=.  ^AIA^AGC@BS _`e`pah`b, tfdbhf ha kttps://as.w`e`pah`b.fro/w`e`/Curbc`%C3%N3gV(sbluh)) ha kttps://as.w`e`pah`b.fro/w`e`/Curbc`%C3%N3gV(sbluh)) (kttps://nuh`sdft`natbgf.as/ugb-prftacc`fg-aiact`vb-y- gacasbr`b-agaro`b-v`tbl/  gacasbr`b-agaro`b-v`tbl/  (Yaroar, >=2?, ]unl`cbhf ag kttps://c`agc`btfhby.cfd/qua-as-agaro`b-t`pfs/) ag kttps://c`agc`btfhby.cfd/qua-as-agaro`b-t`pfs/)   Brtäculf ag kttps://feh`br`f.cfd/cur`fs`hbhas/qua-dah`c`gb-kfl`st`cb->001>?2) ag kttps://feh`br`f.cfd/cur`fs`hbhas/qua-dah`c`gb-kfl`st`cb->001>?2)   Dbybtacud, brtäculf tfdbhf ha kttps://dbybtacud.cfd/astb-v`vf-ug`varsf-astb-duartf/) ha kttps://dbybtacud.cfd/astb-v`vf-ug`varsf-astb-duartf/)   tfdbhf ha kttps://www.bpraghacfgagaro`b.cl/blnart-a`gsta`g/ ha kttps://www.bpraghacfgagaro`b.cl/blnart-a`gsta`g/

12

 

22.  BGA[FS Aqu`pf ha astuh`bgtas qua bpfybrfg lb `gvast`obc`óg Bgb Dal`sb Bjcft Cbdbjâ Dbrtb Xarac`tb Nbck Cbgtf Pfsal`g Y`v`bgb Nbck X`qu`rbd Pas` Dbrcal`tb Cbdbjâ ^fhr`ouaz Kbdaly ]atrfg`lb Cbgtf Ck`l`sgâ _`loag ^ui`gf Fsnal` Cbgtf Ck`l`sgâ Dbygfr Sblvbhfr Ck`l`sgâ Lux Nrbybg Bhflif Dbr`bgf Ck`l`sgâ Dbrtäg ^fsb Cbrfl`gb Cfrtaz Kargâghaz Eallar Jfroa Blnartf Ofgzâlaz Kargâghaz  Galsfg Frlbghf Kargâghaz Oódaz Bgb Lasly Gbtbl` Kargâghaz Dbrtäg L`l`bg Dbohblagb hal ^fsbr`f Jaróg`df Cfrtaz, Bgtfgy Oafvbgy Blaxbghar Lópaz Obrcäb _aghy Dbr`alb Lux Ckbgckbvbc Or`calhb Y`ro`g`b Lux Ofgzâlaz Xfdâs Frhfòaz Ck`vblbg _`ll`bd ^fgblhf Frhfòaz ^fhräouaz Hbyl` Sbd`rb ]àraz Lux Fscbr Hfd`gof ]àraz Dajäb Darly Bgoal`gb ]ú Cbgtf, Nrbybg Blaxbghar ^`vbs ha Laóg, Dbybr` Asdarblhb ^`vbs ha Laóg, @‐x ]ahrf Iargbghf ^fhräouaz Nftóg, 

Sanbst`âg Avarblhf Sbrbt Ofgzâlaz Dbrv`g Blaxbghar Saourb Lópaz, S`lv`b Pflbghb S`câ Qs Lburb @sbnal Xfj`g Nbck, Jfal Agr`qua Xzugux Kargâghaz y Blifgsf Qs Ofgzâlaz 1>

 

H@BLFOF H@^@O@HF Nuagbs tbrhas saòfrb, saòfr Sfdfs astuh`bgtas hal Cflao`f D`xtf N`l`goüa @gtarculturbl Kardbgf Fscbr Bzd`t`b, vag`dfs b v`s`tbrla cfg lb `gtagc`óg qua gfs cfdpbrtb blougb `gifrdbc`óg sfnra lbs curbc`fgas qua rabl`zb ag lb cfdug`hbh, guastrf fnjat`vf as racfp`lbrlb ag ug hfcudagtf pbrb qua lbs guavbs oagarbc`fgas bprac`ag y vblfrag al sarv`c`f qua ustahas rabl`zbg. ¶Cuâl as su gfdnra6VVVVV gfdnra6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVV ¶Ruà ahbh t`aga6VVVVVVVV t`aga6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVV ¶Cuâl as su iackb ha gbc`d`agtf6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV gbc`d`agtf6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV ¶Ruà agiardahbhas curb6VVVVVVVVVVVV curb6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV ¶Ha qua trbtbg astbs agiardahbhas6VVVVVV agiardahbhas6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVV ¶Códf h`bogfst`cb lb agiardahbh6VVVVVVVVV agiardahbh6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVV ¶Ruà sägtfdbs prasagtbg lfs pbc`agtas qua nuscbg su byuhb6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV byuhb6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV ¶Ruà aladagtfs f dbtar`blas usb pbrb curbr6VVVVVVVVVV curbr6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVV ¶Gfs pfhräb cfdpbrt`r al prfcah`d`agtf qua usb pbrb curbr6VVVVVVVVVVVV curbr6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVV ¶Ag quà häb y kfrbr`fs sa puaha curbr6 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ¶]fr quà6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV quà6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ¶Cuâgtbs curbs gacas`tbg lfs pbc`agtas pbrb sbgbr6VVVVVVVVVVV sbgbr6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVV ¶Ruà prfvfcbg astbs agiardahbhas6VVVVV agiardahbhas6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV  VVVVV   ¶Códf sa av`tbg astbs agiardahbhas6VVVVV agiardahbhas6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVV ¶Kbca cuâgtf t`adpf, rabl`zb asta t`pf ha curbc`fgas6VVVV curbc`fgas6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVV ¶Cuâl as lb axpar`agc`b ha curbc`óg qua dâs racuarhb6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV racuarhb6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVV ¶Ru`àg la agsaòf b curbr6VVVVVVVVVV curbr6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVV ¶Ruà kbn`l`hbhas hana tagar ugb parsfgb pbrb curbr6VVVVVVVVVVV curbr6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV ¶La kb agsaòbhf blou`ag dâs6VVVVVVVVV dâs6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVV ¶Craa `dpfrtbgta cfgt`gubr cfg astb prâct`cb6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV prâct`cb6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV

13

 

XZ@JFN‐AL@L 

Sbqbr`e tbt gbg.Qj bjt`jfxalbn‐ rack X`jfn‐bl pb ean‐ ck‐bn‐bl CFDN@ wbckbg`d xfjpat`e blfq xb rudbl qb qatbdbj jblbjfj tbq gfj`n‐bl rack eugbn‐bl rackwa e‐be‐ tbq e‐bsladbl e`lfe‐bj. astuh`bgtas hal Cflao`f D` xtf N`l`goüa

@gtarculturbl Kardbgf Fscbr Bzd`t`b, vag`dfs b v`s`tbrla cfg lb `gtagc`óg qua gfs cfdpbrtb blougb `gifrdbc`óg sfnra lbs curbc`fgas qua rabl`zb ag lb cfdug`hbh, guastrf fnjat`vf as racfp`lbrlb ag ug hfcudagtf pbrb qua lbs guavbs oagarbc`fgas bprac`ag y vblfrag al sarv`c`f qua ustah rabl`zb. ¶Jbs bn‐ä6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV bn‐ä6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV  VVVVVV   ¶Jbg`e‐pb‐ b jugbn‐6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV jugbn‐6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVV  VV   ¶Jbs q‐`j blbx`e lb6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV   VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV  VVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVV ¶Jbs cka‐ ybn‐`l ebeugb‐6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV ebeugb‐6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV  VVVVVV   ¶Jbs un‐bgtbj`e g`e‐bj ybn‐`l lb6VVVVVVVVV lb6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV  VVVVVV   ¶Su ebw`lf cka la w`gbq rack ebwatbdbj uybn‐äl6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV  VVVVVVVVVVV  VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV ¶Su eue‐utugsbj eue‐utugs bj la w`gbq rack wb ebeugb‐ uybn‐`l6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV uybn‐`l6VVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV  VVVV   ¶Jbs ckbeudn‐bl eb efjf rack ebeugb‐ la bjybn‐6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV   ¶Jbs un‐bg`e b eugbn‐bl6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV   ¶Jbs q‐`j utz ebefjfj rack ebeugbj la ybn‐ w`gbq6 VVVVVVVVVVV ¶Jbs cka6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV   ¶G`e‐pb‐ eugbn‐bl ckbeug`e rack wb ebeug‐b la yuwbn‐6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV  

¶ Jbs cka e`pat`e g`e¸bj ybn¸`l r`¸,VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV r`¸,VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVV ¶Su¸ uckbj`x`e la w`gbq rack e`ybn‐`gtbj6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV   ¶Jbg`e‐pb jugbn‐ xbdbjf¸ rack ueugux`e la ybn‐ `l cka la w`gbq6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV w`gbq6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVV  VV   ¶Jbs r` eugbn‐bl g`d un¸bgtbj`e xbn¸bgf¸6 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV  VVV ¶ Jbck`g xue‐utuj eugbeal ckbwa‐6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV   ¶Jbs gfj`n‐bl e¸fl`e ckara w`gbq rackwb eun‐ bg euebgad,6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV   ¶Be‐utud r` eugbn¸bl ckar`‐ jugck`e w`gbq, VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV  VV   VVVVVVVVVVVVV ¶ ^bjbwbx`e la w`gbq e`watbdbj la un¸bg`e jug eugbn‐bl r`‐6VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV  

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Iftforbiäbs ha lb `gvast`obc`óg Agtrav`stb b bnualbs y parsfgbs cfgfcahfrbs hal tadb @lustrbc`óg 2. Zbibhurb

@lustrbc`óg >. Curbc`óg lavbgtbr dfllarb

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@lustrbc`óg 3. Curbc`óg ha Sustf. Sustf. 

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