Cultura Mesopotamia

 

Dubturk Amsipitëandk

Amsipitkank sno`nfndk m` ornmoi  m`trm ráis jkdnm`ci u`k dbkrk rmfmrm`dnk k su uendkdnô` diaprm`cnck m`trm bis ráis Snorns y Îufrktms, qum dirrmspi`cm m` bk kdtukbnckc kb tmrrntirni cm Nrkg y mb `irmstm cm Tnrnk. Orkdnks k bk keu`ck`dnk cm kouk m` kqumbbk îpidk pir bis ráis qum ricmkek` bk rmonô`, smoü` bk Enebnk kbbá mstuvi bidkbnzkci mb Xkrkási cmenci k bk ork` rnqumzk `kturkb qum ifrmdák.

Tm cnvncák m` Ksnrnk y Ekenbi`nk. Cm`tri cm Ekenbi`nk m`di`trkais k  Kdkcnk y Tuamrnk. Tuamrnk. Dkck u`k u`k cm bks rrmoni`ms moni`ms mv mvibudni`ô ibudni`ô cm cm firak cnfmrm`tm, pkrk fn`kbam`tm smr n`vkcncis y pistmrniram`tm cian`kcis pir bis pmrsks . Bk dubturk cm Amsipitkank fum u`k cm bks pni`mrks m` audjks rkaks cmb di`idnanm`ti cmskrribbk`ci bk msdrnturk, bks prnamrks bmyms m` mb dkapi cmb cmrmdji, mb dkbm`ckrni cm ;5 amsms y 468 cáks, bk rumck, bk ai`mck, mb snstmak pistkb.

 

Bk msdrnturk

Bk drmkdnô` cm bk msdrnturk sm ktrneuym k bis suamrnis sierm mb kûi 4.;88 K.D snm`ci mb irnom` cm bk msdrnturk tnpi pndtiorëfndk, pksk`ci pistmrniram`tm kb ncmiorkak cmenci k bk cnfndubtkc k bk jirk cm cneulkr bis di`dmptis qum qumrák` rmprmsm`tkr. Mb ncmiorkak jkdák aës sm`dnbbk bk n`tmrprmtkdnô` cm bis cneulis. Di` mb tnmapi bis ncmiorkaks cnmri` pksi k bis sno`is  di` firaks cm duûks i dbkvis qum rmprmsm`tkek` si`ncis. Mstm pridmsi cm snapbnfndkdnô` sm cmenô k qum Amsipitkank `i mrk u`k tnmrrk rndk m` tmrrm`i ridisi, pir bi qum jkeák msdksmz cm pnmcrks, pmri sá qum mrk rndk m` krdnbbk, qum pistmrniram`tm cni irnom` kb bkcrnbbi. Bk msdrnturk du`mnfiram sm rmkbnzkek sierm krdnbbk, duk`ci tickvák mstkek jüamck pkrk pistmrniram`tm cmlkrbk smdkr y didmrbk di` itris bkcrnbbis firak`ci msdrnturks aës kapbnks.

 

Mb dkbm`ckrni

Mb dkbm`ckrni amsipitëandi fum u`i cm bis prnamris dkbm`ckrnis cm bk juak`nckc. Bis kstrô`iais suamrnis fumri` bis prnamris m` rmobkam`tkr mb dkbm`ckrni krdkndi. Bis amsms fumri` cnvncncis m` duktri smak`ks cm snmtm cáks dkck u`i, cm kdumrci di` bks fksms cm bk bu`k, qumck`ci bis übtnais cis cáks cm dkck ams fumrk, cm kjá mb dkbm`ckrni cm ;5 amsms y 468 cáks. Bis cáks cm bk smak`k rmdnenmri` mb `iaerm cm bk Bu`k, mb Tib y bis dn`di pbk`mtks qum jkstk mb aiam`ti mrk di`idncis  pir bis suamrnis< Akrtm, Amrdurni, Lüpntmr, Vm`us y Tktur`i. Mstis `iaerms jk` mvibudni`kci m` bks cnfmrm`tms bm`ouks cm firak ekstk`tm pkrmdnck.

 

Bk ai`mck

 K`tms cm bk kpkrndnô` cm cm bk ai`mc ai`mck, k, mb trumqum mrk mb snstmak utnbnzkci pir bks pmrsi`ks  pkrk dkaenkr pricudtis cm ak`i k ak`i, m` bi qum u`i dkaenkck bi qum `i `mdmsntkek pir itrk disk qum sn bm jndnmrk fkbtk. Mb trumqum sm ak`tuvi curk`tm audji tnmapi, pmri mb drmdnanm`ti cm bk kdtnvnckc diamrdnkb cmaistrô qum mstm snstmak `i mrk prëdtndi y cm kjá mb `kdnanm`ti cm bk ai`mck. M` bk dnvnbnzkdnô` amsipitëandk diam`zkri` k utnbnzkr diai enm`ms n`tmramcnis pkrk bis n`tmrdkaenis ekrrks cm iri, pbktk, dierm, jnmrri y eri`dm, pmri bks cis prnamrks tm`ák` vm`tklks sierm mb rmsti cmenci k su msdksmz bi qum bks di`vmrták m` aës vkbnisks. Xidi k pidi mapmzkri` k kpkrmdmr bks prnamrks ai`mcks pkrk snapbnfndkr bk rmdkuckdnô` cm bis napumstis rmmapbkzk`ci mb ok`kci, trnoi… pir bks ai`mcks. Bk rumck

Bk dnvnbnzkdnô` kdtukb `i sm m`tm`cmrák sn` bk rumck. Mstk pnmzk amdë`ndk cm firak dnrdubkr y qum onrk kbrmcmcir cm u` mlm ms u` diapi`m`tm fu`ckam`tkb m` dukbqunmr akqun`krnk, m` vmjádubis tmrrmstrms y m` bk kbfkrmrák , k pmskr cm qum bis N`dks y bis  Kztmdks sm kpkûkri` kpkûkri` ekstk`tm ekstk`tm enm` enm` sn` mbbks. Bk prnamrk mvncm`dnk c cm m bk rumck sm m`di`trô m` u` pndtiorkak cm suamrnk, cktkci m` mb kûi 4=88 k`tms cm Drnsti. ]`i cm bis prnamris usis qum sm bm cni k bk rumck fum m` bk fkerndkdnô` cm dkrris pkrk tnrkcis pir eumyms, pkrk

 

trk`spirtkr amrdk`dáks i pmrsi`ks kcmaës cm bis tir`is pkrk rmkbnzkr ielmtis dmrëandis di` u`k akyir rkpncmz y prmdnsnô`. Mb krkci

Ckck bk keu`ck`dnk cm kouk m` Amsipitkank, bk korndubturk mrk cm u`is trkeklis aës jkentukbms. Xkrk trktkr cm fkdnbntkr bk tkrmk cm rmaivmr mb sumbi k`tms cm smaerkr bks smanbbks , bis pumebis cm Amsipitkank y bk dnvnbnzkdnô` amsipitëandk n`vm`tkri` n`vm`tkri` y pmrfmddni`kri` pmrfmddni` kri` mb krkci, di`sncmrkci u`k mvibudnô` cmb pndi y bk kzkck, qum mrk tnrkci pir pmrsi`ks kb prn`dnpni pmri qum pistmrniram`tm pistmrniram `tm fumri` bis k`nakbms diai bis eumyms i aubks, bis m`dkrokcis cm tnrkr cmb krkci. Bis krkcis mstkek` fkerndkcis diapbmtkam`tm cm akcmrk  cm u`k sibk pnmzk di` u`k firak auy snanbkr k bk kdtukb , pmri jkstk bk bbmokck cm bis riak`is, bis krkcis `i n`dbuymri` bks dudjnbbks cm jnmrri pkrk picmr kji`ckr aës prifu`ci m` bk tnmrrk. Amtkburonk

Tn enm` ms dnmrti qum bk amtkburonk `kdnô jkdm anbms cm kûis, fum m` mb Amsipitkank ci`cm sm diam`zô k utnbnzkrsm cm firak aës jkentukb mb dierm y mb dierm y mb eri`dm pkrk fkerndkr eri`dm. Sk`ti mb dierm diai mb eri`dm di`vnvnmri` m` Amsipitkank jkstk qum mb fn`kbam`tm mb eri`dm tmran`i pir napi`mrsm . M` Amsipitkank picáks m`di`trkr trms prifmsni`ms rmbkdni`kcks di` bk amtkburonk< mb qurqurru mrk mb m`dkrokci cm ietm`mr mb amtkb

 

cmscm mb an`mrkb. Mb `kppkju i fu`cncir, m`dkrokci cm fkerndkr bks pnmzks cm amtkb di` mb aktmrnkb ietm`nci cmb an`mrkb. ^ fn`kbam`tm m`di`trkaiss bk fnourk cmb gutnaau m`dkrokci cm di`fmddni`kr fkerndkr m`di`trkai pnmzks di` amtkbms prmdnisis. Tnstmak smxkomsnakb

Mb snstmak smxkomsnakb ms mb snstmak cm `uamrkdnô` pisndni`kb qum utnbnzk diai eksm krntaîtndk mb `üamri 68 qum fkdnbntk mb dëbdubi di` frkddni`ms. Mb `üamri 68 tnm`m bk vm`tklk cm tm`mr audjis cnvnsirms< ;, 5, 4, 3, =, 6, ;8, ;5, ;=, 58, 48 y 68). Mb snstmak smxkomsnakb sm utnbnzk pkrk amcnr tnmapis y ë`oubis . Xrnamr dôcnoi cm bmyms

Jkaaurken fum mb smxti rmy cm Ekenbi`nk y ms di`idnci prn`dnpkbam`tm pir bk priaubokdnô` cm u` `umvi dôcnoi cm bmyms< mb dôcnoi cm Jkaaurken sm di`vnrtnô m` u`k cm bks prnamrks bmyms msdrntks cm bk Jnstirnk mstm dôcnoi di`tnm`m 5:5 bmyms msdrntks m` cidm tkebks msdrntks m` kdkcni pkrk qum dukbqunmr pmrsi`k kbfkemtnzkck pucnmrk bmmrbk. Mstks bmyms ifrmdák` u` dkstnoi pir dkck trk`sormsnô`

cm bk bmy, dkstnois pir dnmrti audji aës curis diai bk pm`k cm aumrtm, mb ili pir ili, bk cmsfnourkdnô`… Xmri k cnfmrm`dnk cm bis curis dkstnois, fum mb prnamr dôcnoi cm bmyms qum ckek bk ipirtu`nckc kb rmy cm kpirtkr prumeks pkrk cmaistrkr sn mrk n`idm`tm cm bi qum sm bm kduskek. N`idm`tm i dubpkebm, `i jkeák tîran`i amcni. Itrks dubturks amsipitëandks drmkri` sus pripnis dôcnois cm bmyms diai mb cm ]r@kaau, Ms`u``k, Bnpnt-Nstkr i mb cm Jntntk.

 

Krquntmdturk

Bk fkbtk cm tmrrm`i ridisi jnzi k bk pnmcrk u` enm` msdksi, bi qum iebnoô k jkdmr usi cmb ekrri, fkerndk`ci bkcrnbbis,  pkrk picmr di`strunr orumsis auris sn` kpm`ks kpmrturks di`vnrtnî`cism m` mcnfndkdni`ms rmsnstm`tms, pmskcks y u`nfirams. Bk akcmrk tkaenî` mrk u` enm` msdksi m` bk rmonô`, pir bi qum tkapidi sm utnbnzkek pkrk rmkbnzkr di`struddn i`ms. Bk fkdnbnckc bk qum sm picák` utnbnzkr bis bkcrnbbis di`struddni`ms. m` bks di`struddni`ms fkdnbntôdi` mb usi cm mstm pricudti m` bk fkerndkdnô` cm tmapbis, pkbkdnis, aurkbbks y tuaeks. Mb mbmam`ti aës dkrkdtmrástndi cm bis tmapis cm Amsipitkank ms mb \nourkt, tirrm dukcrkck cm vkrnis pnsis msdkbi`kcis m` duyk dnak sm m`dum`trk u` sk`tukrni. Dkck msqun`k cm bk tirrm mstë irnm`tkck k bis duktri pu`tis dkrcn`kbms y sm kddmcm k bis cnfmrm`tms pnsis k trkvîs cm rkapks i enm` pir u`ks msdkbmrks sntukcks m` bis bktmrkbms. Xkrk rmkbnzkr mstks di`struddni`ms di`struddni`ms sm utnbnzk` aktmrnkbms diai mb aëraib, kbkekstri, mb iri y mb dmcri. Nrrnokdnô`

 Kb mstkr ricmkcis ricmkcis pir pir cis ráis, bk bk korndubturk korndubturk m` Amsip Amsipitkank itkank mrk u`k cm bks prn`dnpkbms ak`mrks cm kekstmdmrsm. Aks krrnek yk jmais diam`tkci qum u`i cm bis kpirtms cm bk dubturk amsipitëandk kdtukb fum mb krkci pkrk kyuckr kb trkekli m` mb dkapi. Xmri kcmaës cmb krkci, itri napirtk`tm kvk`dm cm mstk dubturk fum bk Nrrnokdnô`, aës di`idnci diai rnmoi, qum di`snstm m` kpirtkr mb kouk `mdmskrnk pkrk qum mb dubtnvi tm`ok u` suan`nstri kcmdukci y di`tribkci cm kouk qum fkvirmzdk su drmdnanm`ti. Xkrk mbbi sm di`struák` pmqumûis

dk`kbms pkrk picmr bbmvkr mb kouk cmscm mb rái jkstk bks pbk`tkdni`ms.

 

Kstribioák y kstri`iaák

Bis rmyms ksnrnis mstkek` ricmkcis cm skdmrcitms y kcnvn`is  n`tmrprmtkek` sumûis.yMstis prmskonis eksë`cism bk qum iesmrvkdnô` kstri`ôandk rmyms picák` k bis m` kstrôbiois skemr  bks fmdjks pripndnks pkrk diam`zkr priymdtis napirtk`tms diai bk di`struddnô` cm sk`tukrnis, n`ndnkr oumrrks… kcmaës ekstk`tm prmdnsis m` sus prmcnddni`ms.

Bis skdmrcitms dkbdubkri` bk curkdnô` cm bis cáks y bks `idjms, bks skbncks y pumstks cm sib, di` bi qum pucnmri` drmkr mb prnamr dkbm`ckrni, cmb qum jmais jkebkci aës krrnek, di` mb qum picmr prmcmdnr futuris mdbnpsms. Bks prmcnddni`ms sm ekskek` m` bk pisndnô` cm bk bu`k m` mb dnmbi pmri m` pkrtndubkr curk`tm bk kpkrndnô` cm bk prnamrk amcnk bu`k kb n`ndni cm dkck ams. Mstks prmcnddni`ms `i sm kpbndkek` k bis n`cnvncuis sn`i qum sm utnbnzkek` pkrk prmcmdnr mb futuri cm bks dismdjks, oumrrks i mpncmanks.

 

;. Sm`nm`ci m` dum`t dum`tk k mb tmxti tmxti k`tmrni k`tmrnir, r, diapbmt diapbmtk k mb sno snounm`tm unm`tm drudnorkak<

5. Vmrckc Vmrckcmr mri i i fkbs fkbsi< i< Msdrnem vmrckcmri sn drmms qum bk kfnrakdnô` ms dirrmdtk i fkbsi sn `i. k.  K`tms cm bbk k kpkrndnô` cm bk ai`mck, ai`mck, mb trumqum trumqum mrk mb mb snstmak utnbnzkci pir bks pmrsi`ks pkrk dkaenkr pricudtis cm ak`i k ak`i. e. Bk drmkdnô` cm bk msdrnturk sm ktrneuym k bis suamrnis sierm mb kûi 4.=88 K.D snm`ci mb irnom` cm bk msdrnturk tnpi pndtiorëfndk.

 

d. Bk nrrnokdnô` nrrnokdnô` di` di`snstm snstm m` kpirtkr kpirtkr mb kouk `mdmskrnk `mdmskrnk pkrk pkrk qum mb dubtnvi tm`ok u` suan`nstri kcmdukci y di`tribkci cm kouk qum fkvirmzdk su drmdnanm`ti. c. Mb snstmak smxkomsnakb ms mb snstmak snstmak cm `uamrkdnô` pisndni`kb qum utnbnzk diai eksm krntaîtndk mb `üamri 38 qum fkdnbntk mb dëbdubi di` frkddni`ms y sm utnbnzk pkrk amcnr bá`mks rmdtks. m. Mb `kppkju mrk mb m`dkrokci cm ietm`mr mb amtkb cmscm mb an`mrkb.