Cultura Lambayeque

 

M^OY^[E OEFKESNU^N ^KCMEMCÝB0 Oe

M^OY M^ OY^[ ^[E E

OEFK OE FKES ESNU NU^N ^N 

d

M^OY^[E ]CMÅB sn febchnstý nbtrn ods sclods XCCC  XCCC  y WCX i.M. i.M.   Dmupý no tnrrctdrcd qun gdy on mdr mdrrns rnspd pdbin bin eo inpertefnbtd oonlebid bid e nxtn nxtnbinrs binrsn n in Oefk Oefkeynq eynqun un,,  oonle pdr mesc tdie oe emtueo emtueo mdste pnruebe pnruebe nb  nb su pnr nrcd cdi id in fe feyd ydrr epd pdln lnd d (H (Hes esn n Cbtnrfnice 3:: 3::--55::). 55::).

Nste muoture muoture sn  sn

hdrfý e pertcr in oe inmeinbmce in oe  muotu oe muoture re fdmg fdmgn n, esc escfco fcoeb ebid id lre lreb b per pertn tn ino mdbdmcfcnbtd y treicmcdbns muotureons in nste. Oe

muoture

Oefkeynqun,

mdbdmcie cie

tefkcãb mdfd scmåb, sn inserrdooý nbtrn ods sclods XCCC y WCX in bunstre nre (: y 5=>: i.m ) nb no veoon in Oefkeynqun, hdrfeid hdrfeid pdr ods veoons in oe Onmgn, Oefkeynqun y seõe. No drclnb in nste muoture sn rnfdte eo emdsd in oe muoture fdmgcme, in oe mueo sn gnrnie. Einfås, iurebtn fumgd tcnfpd hun mdbscinreie pertn in oe muoture mgcfð.

 

NYEZE] IN OE GC]YD[CE0 No erqunýodld `epdbãs Czufc ]gcfeie, qun nstuicý nste muoture iurebtn vercds eõds eõ ds,, ge ic icvc vcic icid id oe gc gcst stdr drce ce in Oe Oefk fkey eynq nqun un (d "] "]cm cmåb åb"" md mdfd fd pr prnh nhcn cnrn rn inbdfcberoe) nb trns ntepes0

]CMÅB YNFZ[EBD (:-3::) Ns

ube

ntepe

pdmd

mdbdmcie,

pdrqun

odss od

dk`ntds

erqundoýlcm cmd ds

(mnråfcme mnråfcme,, tnxtcons tnxtcons,, erquctnmture erquctnmture)) sdb nsmesds. Nstå esdmceie e oe hesn hcbeo in oe muoture fdmgn y e oe lreb cbhounbmce in \erc. Nstes nvcinbmces cbicmeb qun Oefkey Oef keynqu nqun n ns nstek teke e tdi tdievæ evæe e nb pon ponbe be hdr hdrfem femcýb cýb y fuy sus susmnp mnptck tckon on e oes cbhounbmces nxtnrbes.

]CMÅB FNICD (3::-55::) Nb nste ntepe Oefkeynqun sn ubchcmý y hun eiqucrcnbid ube cinbtciei muotureo prdpce. ]n nstekonmcý ube mepcteo nb no mdfpon`d Ketåb Lrebin, Lrebin, ocinreie pdr  rnyns-semnridtns (tndmremce (tndmremce)) qun ichubicnrdb no muotd eo icds ]cmåb (Oube Oube). ). Oe onynbie in  in Beyoefp nxpocmeræe Beyoefp nxpocmeræe nste ntepe. Ns ub pnrædid in epdlnd, in idbin prdvcnbnb ods subtudsds nbtnrrefcnbtds in lnbtn rcme qun ges scid invnoeids pdr ods erqunýodlds, mdfd oe tufke ino ]nõdr in ]cmåb (geooeid ]cmåb (geooeid nb oe gueme ino Drd), muebid sn inserrdooe no mdfnrmcd y mdbstruyn no scstnfe in crrclemcýb qun mdbnmtý ods veoons oefkeynmebds.

 

]CMÅB YE[IÆD (55::-5=) Ns oe ntepe in inmeinbmce y hcbeo. Ketåb Lrebin suhrcý ub lreb cbmnbicd cbmnbicd qun  qun mdcbmcicý mdb ub pnrcdid in snquæes1 ods pdkoeidrns, gertds in trckuter e ods rnyns rnyns--semnridtns, semnridtns, sn tresoei tresoeieræ eræeb eb e oe mcuiei mcuiei in Yðmufn, Yðmufn, rnbnlebid ino muotd eo icds Beyoefp. Hcbeofnbtn snræeb mdbqucsteids pdr no rny mgcfð (Mgcfð Måpem), qucnb ods mdbvcrtcý nb prdvcbmce in su rncbd ( 5= 5=). ). Oe pertn hcbeo in oe onynbie in Beyoefp treteræe in nxpocmer nste ðotcfe ntepe.

E]ZNMYD ]DMCEO0 Ods Oefkeynqun tuvcnrdb ube rælcie nstretchcmemcýb sdmceo. Nb oe mcfe in su pcråfcin sdmceo nsteke oe ãoctn, qun nsteke mdbhdrfeie pdr no rny y su hefcoce. Ounld sn geooeke no munrpd in eifcbcstreidrns, qucnbns sn nbmerlekeb in vclcoer no drinb nmdbýfcmd. ]nluæeb ods ertnsebds y nspnmceocstes, qucnbns prdiumæeb kcnbns in ou`d pere oe ãoctn y tefkcãb pere oe nxpdrtemcýb. Zdr ðotcfd, nstekeb ods elrcmuotdrns y oe lnbtn mdfðb, qun treke`ekeb pere febtnbnr e tdies oes moesns ebtnrcdrns.

E]ZNMYD ZDOCYCMD0  Hun ldknrbeie pdr ub ]nõdr d rny-semnridtn (tndmremce (tndmremce), ), qun vcvæe nb ub peoemcd rdineid in ube hestudse mdrtn. Muebid fdræe sn on nbtnrreke nb ube tufke mdb rcmes dhrnbies, mdfd sn punin eprnmcer nb oe ino ooefeid ]nõdr in ]cmåb,, insmukcnrte nb oe Gueme ino Drd nb 5335. ]cmåb

E]ZNMYD NMDBDFCMD0 Oe nmdbdfæe nstuvd keseie nb oe elrcmuoture cbtnbscve y pdr crrclemcýb. Ods Oefkeynqun gnrnierdb pertn in ods scstnfes in crrclemcýb mdbstrucids pdr  ods fdmgn1 pnrd sus dkres hunrdb fås mdodseons pdrqun ods nspemcds qun odlrerdb crrcler hunrdb fumgd feydrns. Ycnbnb oe eutdræe in mesc tdie oe rni

 

mebeons,, in mebeons

kdmetdfes

y

rnsnrvdrcds,

qun

ertcmuoý

ods

veoons

in [nqun [nqun,, Oefkeynqun, Oefkeynqun , Oe Onmgn Onmgn y  y ]eõe. ]eõe. Instemeb ods mebeons inbdfcbeids Yeyfc Ebtclud, Mdoocqun y [eme [ufc. No rns rnsuot uoteid eid hun ub ube e elrcmuoture elrcmuoture  prý prýsp spnre nre,, mdb muo muotcv tcvds ds in pe peooe ooerns rns,, hrc`do hrc`dons, ns, mefdtn, meoekeze, zepeood odmgn, feæz y feæz y eoldiýb. eoldiýb. Nood mdbvcrtcý e oe mdste bdrtn pnruebe nb oe zdbe fås rcme y prdiumtcve ino ino Ebtclud  Ebtclud Znrð. Znrð.

E]ZNMYD M^OY^[EO0 In nste muoture muoture   sn mdbsnrvý pdr væe dreo no ye fnbmcdbeid fctd d onynbie in Beyoefp, Beyoefp, pnrsdbe`n qun vcbd in tcnrres on`ebes e trevãs ino fer   pere pere hubier  Oefkeynqun. Nstn fctdsnluæe fctdsnluæe vclnbtn e oe oonleie in ods nspeõdons nspeõdons,, y hun rnmdlcid pdr no mrdbcste  mrdbcste Fcluno Meknood Xeokde. Xeokde. Oe icvcbciei prcbmcpeo in ods oefkeynquns nre no fcsfd Beyoefp, gdfkrn in d`ds eoeids, qun nstå rnprnsnbteid nb mumgcoods mnrnfdbceons (Yufcs ( Yufcs), ), nb oes fåsm få sme ere ress hu hubn bnre rerc rces es y nb dtr trd ds tr tre eke` e`ds ds in drhnkrnræe drhnkrnræe,, esæ mdfd nb ods mnrefcds mnrefcds..

E[U^CYNMY^[E0  Ods oefkeynqun mdbstruynrdb lrebins mdfpon`ds fdbufnbteons nb idbin rnsciæeb ods rnyns-semnridtns, sn icrclæe no muotd  muotd  rnoclcdsd y sn eifcbcstreke oe nmdbdfæe nmdbdfæe.. Zdr no tefeõd y oe cbnxcstnbmce in kerrcds kerrcds pd  pdpuoer puoerns, ns, eolub eolubds ds nstuicdsdss prnhcnrnb nstuicdsd prnhcnrnb mdbscinre mdbscinrerods rods mnbt mnbtrds rds mnrnf mnrnfdbceo dbceons ns y bd mcuie mcuieins ins (no punk pu nkod od vcvæ vcvæe e nb su cb cbfn fnic icem emcd cdbn bnss y sdod sdod cb cblr lrns nsek eke e pe pere re pe pele lerr trckutds trckutds u  u dhrnbier e ods icdsns icdsns). ). Nr Nreb eb mdfp mdfpon on`d `dss md mdb b ver erce cess pcråfcins pcråfcins  gnmg gnmges es in oeircoods in oeircoods in eidkn eidkn,, tdie tdiess trubmes (scb vãrtcmn bc pubte, clueo qun oe in ods fdmgns). Inkcid e oes oouvces tdrrnbmceons, qun menb in tcnfpd nb tcnfpd, y e oe emmcýb in ods cbnsmrupuodsds guequn gue qunrds rds (oeird (oeirdbns bns in tufkes tufkes ebtclu ebtclues) es),, fun funstr streb eb pdm pdmd d in su ebt ebtclu clue e cfpdbnbmce erquctnmtýbcme (nståb fuy intnrcdreies). Oes prcbmcpeons pcråfcins d guemes sn geooeb nb Ketåb Lrebin, Lrebin, Yðmufn y Yðmufn y Epuronm  Epuronm..

 

Mnrme in Ketåb Lrebin sn geooe dtrd mdb`ubtd cfpdrtebtn, emesd fås ebtclud, mdbd md bdmc mcid id mdb mdb no bdfk bdfkrn rn in Zef Zefpe pe Lre Lrebi bin n. Dt Dtrd rd fd fdbu bufn fnbt btd d ic iclb lbd d in fnbmcdber ns oe Gueme Mgdtube Mgdtube,, e 8 af af in  in Oefkeynqun, qun tcnbn mdfd fdbu fd bufn fnbt btd d pr prcb cbmc mcpe peoo ub ube e pcrå pcråfc fcin in in 5> f in eot eoture ure,, mdb inm inmdre dremcd mcdbns bns snfn`ebtns e oe Gueme ino Irelýb mnrmebe e Mgebmgåb (in ods mgcfðns). Mnrmeb Mnrm ebe e e Mgdt Mgdtub ube e sn ge geooe ooe oe Guem Gueme e Mgdrbebme Mgdrbebmep p, qu qun n in inst stem eme e pd pdrr su suss fureons pdocmrdfeids mdb cmdbdlrehæe Oefkeynqun.

Guemes in Yðmufn

ZCBY^[E] [^[EON]0  Nb fumgds fdbufnbtds erquctnmtýbcmds sn puninb eprnmcer pcbtures fureons. Oefnbt Oef nbtek ekonf onfnbt nbtn, n, fum fumges ges in nst nstes es pcbtur pcbtures es nståb nståb int intnrc nrcdre dreie iess pdr ods nstrelds ino mocfe y oe emmcýb instrumtdre gufebe. Bd dkstebtn, nb oe gueme Mgdrbe Mgd rbebme bmep, p, nb Oefkey Oefkeynq nqun, un, nb nbmdb mdbtre trefds fds pernin perninss qun rnh rnhon` on`eb eb tnf tnfes es rnoemcdbeids mdb oe elrcmuoture y oes meknzes trdhnd. Yefkcãb nb oe Gueme ino Drd, ino mdfpon`d Ketåb Lrebin, sn insmukrcnrdb nb 53>= rnstds in ub rnocnvn pcbteid in rd`d, efercood y ezuo. Clueofnbtn nb Yðmufn, nb su snmtdr bdrnstn, sn insnbtnrrerdb rnocnvns poebds mdb pcbture qun rnprnsnbteb evns nstcoczeies. Nb oe Gueme Mgdtube tefkcãb sn puninb vnr inmdremcýb nb rnocnvn qun

 

rnpr rnprns nsnb nbte teb b e ev evns ns fe fercb rcbes es vd vdoe oebi bid d d nb pc pcme meie ie.. Nb 53 537= 7= \eo \eotnr tnr Eov Eove e y ]usebe Eove insmukrcnrdb ub fureo nb Ðmupn, nb no veoon in ]eõe.

FNYEO^[LCE0  No nfpond in fnteons prdvnbæe in oe treicmcýb fdmgn, qun nb Oefkeynqun sn pnrhnmmcdbý mdb ub feydr idfcbcd tãmbcmd y bunvds nstcods. Mukrcnrdb tdid no prdmnsd fnteoðrlcmd, insin oe nxtremmcýb ino fnteo fnteo (in  (in oes fcbes) geste oe prnperemcýb in eonemcdbns, y nb nstd ðotcfd, prnmcsefnbtn, supnrerdb e sus ebtnmnsdrns fdmgns.

 

Xesds in drd ino pnrcdid ]cmåb fnicd, geooeids nb Oefkeynqun

FCBN[CE0  Ydid no prdmnsd in treke`d in ods fnteons nfpcnze mdb oe dktnbmcýb ino fcbnreo nb oes fcbes. Nxcstn nvcinbmce in fertcoods fertcoods n  n cbstrufnbtds in pcnire nspnmceons pere semer ods trdzds in fcbnreo in fcbnreo in sus fnteourlce. fnteourlce. No fcbnreo nre fdocid mdb pnseids fertcoods in pcnire y mdodmeid nb gdrbds pere su hubicmcýb. Ods gdrbds nreb pnqunõds elu`nrds gnmgds nb no sunod, qun vcstds insin errcke tcnbnb hdrfe in pnre pnre.. Fcinb eprdxcfeie eprdxcfeiefnbtn fnbtn =: Ü ;> mf y mf y eomebzeb prdhubicieins in ;: e ;> mf. Cbtnrcdrfnbtn oonveb ub rnmukrcfcnbtd rnscstnbtn eo meodr .

 

 

 

MN[EFCME OEFKESNU^N Oe mnråfcme in oe muoture Oefkeynqun tcnbn sus drælnbns nb oe mnråfcme Fdmgcme. ]cb nfkerld, sn butrn tefkcãb in dtres treicmcdbns. ^tcoczerdb oe tãmbcme ino fdoineid. ]db meremtnræstcmes in nste mnråfcme no usd in oe kesn in pninsteo, ods munrpds lodkuoerns y ods pcmds mýbcmds. Oe hdrfe fås mdbdmcie ns oe qun sn ge inbdfcbeid Guemd [ny, qun rnprnsnbte eo pnrsdbe`n in ods d`ds eoeids, meremtnræstcmd in oe cmdbdlrehæe in oe muoture Oefkeynqun d ]cmåb. No fdtc fdtcvvd rnmu rnmurr rrnb nbtn tn hu hun n oe rn rnpr prns nsnb nbte temc mcýb ýb in Be Beyo yoef efp. p. Oe mn mnrå råfc fcme me Oefkeynqun tcnbn sus ebtnmninbtns nb no nstcod fdmgcme, pnrd sn butrn in dtres cbhounbmces eomebzebid ub espnmtd hcbd mdb eolubes hdrfes qun cfcteb e pcnzes in fnteo. ]u meremtnræstcme ns oe peste moere (ebereb`eie d mrnfe) y tefkcãb oe bnlre. Oe tãmbcme ino fdoineid sn mdfkcbe mdb no fdinoeid y ub cbtnbsd puocid on ie e oes vesc`es ube epercnbmce krcooebtn. Dtrds nonfnbtds qun meremtnrczeb e oe mnråfcme oefkeynqun sdb oe kesn in pninsteo, ods munrpds lodkuoerns, ods pcmds mýbcmds 0 oerlds, oes eses punbtn nbtrn ids pcmds y oes eses mcbte nbtrn pcmd y nomunrpd. Oe hdrfe fås mdbdmcie ns oe ino inbdfcbeid Guemd [ny in munrpd lodkuoer y mdb ube meknze ino pnrsdbe`n in d`ds eoeids nb oe kesn ino ldoontn mýbcmd. Nstn pnrsdbe`n oonve oerlds erntns y nxprnscýb sdonfbn. Dtre hdrfe ns oe kdtnooe lodkuoer in ids pcmds icvnrlnbtns ubcids pdr ub ese punbtn. ]dkrn no ese sunon mdodmersn oe meknze ino pnrsdbe`n in d`ds eoeids. Yefkcãb, sdb mdfubns oes vesc`es mdb munrpd nsmuotýrcmd qun rnprnsnbteb ebcfeons, hrutds y meknzes gufebes. Ns usueo nbmdbtrer kdtnooes in fnteo mdb oe fcsfe hdrfe qun eolubes in mnråfcme.

 

NO L[EB Y^FC IN D[D Nbmdbtreid nb ube in oes tufkes in oe Gueme oe Xnbtebe in Keteb Lrebin, ino

icstrctd

in

Oocfd,

nb

no

inpertefnbtd in Oefkeynqun. Yufc, peoekre qunmgue qun sclbchcme mumgcood. Ns ube in oes fås lrebins nxpr nx prns nscd cdb bns in oe drh rhn nkr krnr nræe æe ino ebtclud

Znrð.

pnrsdbe`n

[nprnsnbte

e

sdkrnbetureo

ub mdb

meremtnræs mere mtnræstcmes tcmes ebtrd ebtrdpdfdr pdfdrhes hes pere pereid id sdkrn

ub

pninsteo.

Inke`d

ino

pninsteo sn geooe ube gd`e snfcmcrmuoer  nb hdrfe in gemge d mumgcood.

Z[CBMCZEON] FDB^FNBYD] E[U^CYNMYDBCMD]0 E[U^CYNMYDBCMD]0