cultivo-hidroponico-informe

December 4, 2018 | Author: Victor Espillco del Pino | Category: Hydroponics, Agriculture, Horticulture And Gardening, Botany, Chemistry
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los cultivos para la hidroponia son muy importantes para el desarrollo de nuestro planeta y los seres vivos....

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL “SAN LUIS GONZAGA” DE ICA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS ESCUELA ACADÉMICA PROFESIONAL PROFESIONAL DE BIOLÓGICA

IMFORME DE PRACTICAS PRACTICAS PRE-PROFECIONALES PRE-PROFECIONALES EN CULTIVO CULTIVO HIDROPÓNICO DE “ LACTUCA SATIVA” CON LAS VARIEDADES BREAT LAKES Y WALTDMAN’S GREEN. REALIZADO REALIZ ADO EN EL VIVERO DE LA FACULTA FACULTAD D DE CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS EN EN LOS MESES DE ENERO-ABRIL. 20!. CÓDIGO DE MATR"CULA# 20104423 PRACTICANTES#

LOZA MANCILLA, RICHARD ERIBERTO

LUGAR#

CAMPO EPIRIMENTAL, EPIRIMENTAL, VIVERO DE LA FACULTAD FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS!UNICA BIOLOGICAS!UN ICA

ASESOR#

MIRANDA HUAMAN DAVID"

ICA-PERU 20!

"NDICE • • •

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INTRODUCCIÓN

L HIDROPONIA @*'%&:(  7&#&$%-.& & )$**'' / $%'()*'& 6*$/%65/#$/ )&5& $%$%-. .& & '/6 '/6 :( :(  / (# (# $)# $)#*) *)  '/ 7%&' 7%&'() ())* )*+# +# '/ )(6$ )(6$* *& & *# *# (/6 (/6&" &" E$/ E$/ / %//576'& 7&% /6 :( )&# 6& #($%*/#$/ 5*#/%6/ //#)*6/ '*(/6$& /# /66" L 76#$ 76#$ $&5# $&5# ( 6*5/#$& 6*5/#$& 5*#/%6/ '/ 6 &6()*&#/ &6()*&#/ #($%*$*, #($%*$*, '/)('5/# '/)('5/#$/ $/ 7%/7%'  ( 6*5/#$& &%:#*)& 6& /6-&%# ($&$%+?*)5/#$/ 7&% 7%&)/& '/ ?&$&;#$/*  -*&;#$/*" L 7%&'())*+# *# (/6& 7/%5*$/ &-$/#/% &%$6* '/ /)/6/#$/ )6*''  /:(%% (# (& 5 /?*)*/#$/ '/6 :(  ?/%$*6*#$/" L& %/#'*5*/#$& 7&% 

(#*'' '/ %/ )(6$*' &# 6$&, 7&% 6 5&% '/#*''  6 /6/' 7%&'())*+# 7&%  76#$, 6&:%#'&/ 5&%/ )&/) 7&% &" L H*'%&7&#; / (# %/6*'' $)#*), 7&*-6/5/#$/ & /# '; / /6 5$&'& 5 *#$/#*& '/ 7%&'())*+# '/ 76#$ :/#/%65/#$/ / '/ 6$ $/)#&6&:;  '/ ?(/%$/ )7*$6" E# 6& 6$*5& 20 &  (5/#$'& )&#*'/%-6/5/#$/ /6 *#$/% 7&% /6 (& '/ /$ $)#*) 7% 7%&'()*% )(6$*& &%$;)&6 '/#$%& '/ *#/%#'/%&" E$ $)#*) */#/ */#'& 76*)' /*$&5/#$/ /# 7;/ '/%%&66'&,  7(/'/ /% 5( -*/# 76*)' )&# $/)#&6&:; 5 /#)*66 /# 6 )*(''/ '/#$%& '/6 )&#$/$& '/ 6 665' :%*)(6$(% (%-#, 7%*#)*765/#$/ /# &# '/ /$%/5 7&-%/, )&5& (# 5#/% '/ ?&%/)/% /6 ($&)&#(5&" E#$%/ 6& *$/5 :%& (%-#&, '/$)# 6& *'%&7+#*)& 7&% &?%/)/% (# 5&% 7&$/#)*6 7% $/#(% 6 *#/:(%*'' 6*5/#$%*  /6 /57&-%/)*5*/#$& /# 6 )*(''/" E6 )%/)*5*/#$& ?($(%& '/ 6 H*'%&7&#; '/7/#'/% 5()& '/6 '/%%&66& '/ *$/5 '/ 7%&'())*+# J(/ /# )&57/$*$*& /# )&$& )&# J(/66& '/ 6 :%*)(6$(% $%'*)*&#6" E )&#*'/%' )&5& (# *$/5 '/ 7%&'())*+# :%;)&6 7$& 7% 6 */5-% '/ &%$6*, 76#$ &%#5/#$6/  5/'*)*#6/, 65)*:&, ?&%%./, 7%&'())*+# '/ 6:  /5*66 )/%$*?*)' /# 6(:%/ '&#'/ /$& 7%&'()$& &# )%&  /)&, 7('*/#'& /% 7&*-6/ 6 &-$/#)*+# '/ %* )&/) 6 &  '/ 6 5*5 /7/)*/"

OB$ETIVOS • •

 A7%/#'/% 6 $)#*) '/ )(6$*& *'%&7+#*)& C(65*#% /6 )(6$*& *'%&7+#*)&

REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA Lactuca sativa  @A$/%6/K

TA%ONOMIA

A$/%)// 6 6/)(: )&%%/7&#'/  6 *:(*/#$/ )6*?*))*+#K

• • • • • • • • •

R/*#&K P6#$/ D***+#K M:#&6*&7$ C6/K M:#&6*&7*' O%'/#K A$/%6/ F5*6*K A$/%)// S(-?5*6*K C*)&%*&*'// T%*-(K L)$()// G#/%&K L)$() E7/)*/K L)$() $*

TIPO DE VARIEDAD DE LECHUGA UTILIZADA# L&'()*+ ,+&/+/ GREAT LAKES L/)(: %*/'' GREAT LAES E (# 76#$ #(6  ($+:5" E$ 6/)(: ?&%5# (# )&:&66& 7%/$'& '/ &." L &. /$# )&6&)' /# %&/$, '/76/:' 6 7%*#)*7*&  / )&:&66# 5 $%'/, /6 -&%'/ '/ 6& 6*5-& / 6*& ( &#'(6'&" E$ %*/'' 7%//#$ (# %/7&66& :%#'/, )&# &. %%(:', :%(/, #)  -%*66#$/" M( )%(.*/#$/"

L&'()*+ ,+&/+/ WALDMANS GREEN L/)(: %*/'' ALDMANS GREEN V%*/'' '/ &. -*/%$ '/ $5& 5/'*#&, /6 )&6&% / /%'/ &)(%&" L &. &# &#'(6' '/ $*7& /)%&6'" L /5*66 &# )&6&% #/:%&" A6$5/#$/ '7$-6/ -.& )&#'*)*&#/ '/ )6*5 $/576'&"

1U3 ES LA HIDROPON"A4 E (# )&#.(#$& '/ $)#*) J(/ ($*$(/ 6 (/6& $5-*# / '/#&5*#' :%*)(6$(% *# (/6&" L *'%&7&#; $/ 7/%5*$/ '*/% /$%()$(% *576/ & )&576/. ?&%/)*/#'& 6 )&#'*)*&#/ 5-*/#$6/ *'+#/ 7% 7%&'()*% )(6J(*/% 76#$ '/ $*7& /%-)/& 7%&/)#'& /# ( $&$6*'' )(6J(*/% %/ @&$/ .%'*#/, (/6& *#?%$*6/, $/%%/#& /)-%&&, /$)" *# *57&%$% 6 '*5/#*&#/ )&5& /6 /$'& ?;*)& '/ /$"

SUSTRATOS ORGANICOS E$& ($%$& &# '/ &%*:/# &%:#*)&  /$& &# 6:(#& '/ *57&%$#)* 7% 6 *'%&7&#;" •

ASERR"N E (# ($%$& J(/ 7%&*/#/ '/6 7%&)/5*/#$& '/ 5'/% $*/#/ (# -(/# )7)*'' '/ %/$/#)*+# '/ (5/'', U# /%%;# '/ -(/# )&#'*)*&#/ 7% *'%&7&#; 7&'%; /% (# 5/)6 '/ /%%;# 5&'/%'5/#$/ ?*#&, 5/)6'& )&# (# -(/# 7&%)*+# '/ *%($ 76#,  J(/ / 5/.&% /6 5&*5*/#$& '/ 6



(5/'' J(/ )&# (# /%%;# :%(/&" HUMUS  E6 (5( 5/.&% 6 *%/)*+#  )7)*'' '/ %/$/#)*+# '/ :(  #($%*/#$/, 5/.&% 6 )7)*'' '/ :/%5*#)*+# '/ 6 /5*66, /$)"

SOLUCION NUTRITIVA L &6()*+# #($%*$* / %/J(/%*' /# 6 *'%&7&#;  J(/ 7&%$ 6& 5)%&#($%*/#$/  5*)%&#($%*/#$/ J(/ $&' 76#$ #/)/*$ 7% ( )%/)*5*/#$&  7(/' '/%%&66%/" •

MACRONUTRIENTES# C%-&#&, H*'%+:/#&  O;:/#& E$& /6/5/#$& &# J(66& J(/ 7%&*/#/# '/6 *%/  '/6 :(" N*$%+:/#&, F&?$&  A(?%/ (#$& )&# 6& $%/ #$/%*&%/ / )&#$*$(/# 6 7%&$/;#" C6)*&, M:#/*&  P&$*& F&%5# 7%$/ '/ 6 /$%()$(% )/6(6%, ; 5*5& )&5& /# 6 %/))*&#/



-*&J(;5*)  5/$-+6*)" MICRONUTRIENTES#   B&%&, C6&%&, C&-%/, F*/%%&, M:#/*& M&6*-'/#&  Z*#)" E$& /6/5/#$& &# %/J(/%*'& 7&% 6 76#$ /# 5/#&%/ )#$*''/" P% 6/)(:K N*$%$& '/ C6)*&, (6?$& '/ 5#:#/& ,(6?$& '/ 5:#/*& @S6 '/ E7&# ,Q)*'& B+%*)&, #*$%$& '/ 7&$*&, (6?$& '/ *#), '* *'%+:/#& ?&?$& '/ 7&$*&, (6?$& '/ )&-%/ ,S(6?$& '/ P&$*&, M&6*-'$& '/ S&'*& ,(/6$& '/ */%%&"

EL PH EN CULTIVOS HIDROPÓNICOS

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/# '&#'/ $&5 6& /6/5/#$& #/)/%*& &

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CONDUCTIVIDAD EL3CTRICA 5CE6 L )&#'()$**'' /6)$%*) @CE / '/?*#/ )&5& (# /$*5'&% '/ 6 )&#)/#$%)*+# '/ 6/ '*(/6$ /# /6 :(, 7/%5*$*/#'& /6(% 6 )7)*'' '/6 :( 7% )&#'()*% 6 )&%%*/#$/

/6)$%*)" E$& / ?(#'5/#$6  J(/ 6 %;)/ ($*6*# /$ )%: 7% $&5% 6& /6/5/#$&, )(& 6&% / /7%/ /# 5S)5 @5*6**5/# &-%/ )/#$;5/$%& )&#&)*/#'& '/ ?&%5 7%&*5' 6 )#$*'' '/ 6/ '*(/6$ /# :6 @:%5& 7&% 6*$%& @?(#'5/#$65/#$/ )6&%(%&, #*$%$&, (6?$&, ?&?$&, &'*&, 5:#/*&  )6)*& /6/5/#$& //#)*6/ /# &6()*+# #($%*$* 6& )(6 / *57&%$#$/ /# 6 *'%&7&#; 7% /6 '*/& '/ 6 &6()*+# #($%*$* J(/ / &6(-6/ 7% ?)*6*$% 6 *5*6)*+# '/ 6& ?/%$*6*#$/"

T3CNICAS Y SISTEMAS DE CULTIVO HIDROPÓNICO T3CNICAS RECIRCULANTES# L %;)/ /$# (5/%:*' /# (# &6()*+# #($%*$*, /# 6 )(6 / %/:(6# )&#$#$/5/#$/ ( 7H, *%/)*+#  )&#)/#$%)*+# '/ 6/" L %*#$/ 5 )&#&)*' / 6 T)#*) '/ P/6;)(6 N($%*/#$/ @NFT, -' /# 6 %/)*%)(6)*+# )&#$#$/ '/ 6 &6()*+# #($%*$* /# )&#$)$& )&# 6 7%$/ -. '/ 6 %;" @?*:" 01 •

T3CNICAS ESTACIONARIAS O DE RA"Z FLOTANTE#

C&#*$/ /# ($*6*% )&#$/#/'&%/ '/ )(6J(*/% $*7& '/ 5$/%*6 /6 )(6 #& '/-/ 7/%5*$*% /6 7& '/ 6( 7%&$/:*'& 7&% (# $7 )&# &%*?*)*& /#)%:' '/ &$/#/% 6 )(6$*& 7/%5*$*/#'& J(/ 6 %;)/ /$# /# )&#$)$& )&# 6 &6()*+# #($%*$*" P&% /$/ 5&$*& '/-/ $/#/%/ /# )(/#$ J(/ /$/ *$/5 '/7/#'/ '/ 6 *%/)*+# 6 )(6 :/#/% &*:/#& //#)*6 7% 6 %;" E$& 7(/'/ )/%/ '/ ?&%5 5#(6, 5&*/#'& /6 :( ($*6*#'& )(6J(*/% &-./$& J(/ /$ 6*57*&  ($&5$*', ($*6*#'& (# -&5- '/ *%/ 7% 7/)/%  (# $/57&%*'&% 7% 7%&:%5% 6& 7/%*&'& '/ *%/)*+# @?*:"03

T3CNICAS A3REAS O AEROPON"A# C&#*$/ /# 5#$/#/% 6 %;)/ 6*-%/ '/ )(6J(*/% &$%& 5/'*& J(/'#'& /# )&#$)$& )&# /6 *%/  '/#$%& '/ (# 5/'*& &)(%&" L &6()*+# #($%*$* / 76*) /# ?&%5 '/ #/-(6*)*+# 7&% 5/'*& '/ #/-(6*'&%/, )&#$%&6'& 7&% $/57&%*'&%/" @?*:"02

T3CNICAS DE SUSTRATOS 5ORG7NICOS O INORG7NICOS6# S/ 7%/)/ /# 5()& 7/)$& 6 )(6$*& )&#/#)*&#6 /# $*/%%  / /6 5 %/)&5/#''& 7% J(*/#/ / *#*)*# /# 6 *'%&7&#;" E# 6(:% '/ $*/%% / /576/ 6:# 5$/%*6 '/#&5*#'& ($%$&, /6 )(6 #& )&#$*/#/ #($%*/#$/  / ($*6* )&5& (# 5/'*& '/ &$# 7% 6 76#$, 7/%5*$*/#'& J(/ /$ $/#:# (?*)*/#$/ (5/'',  $5-*# 6 /7#*+# '/6 -(6-&, $(-%)(6& & %;" @?*:"04

VENTA$AS Y DESVENTA$AS VENTA$AS# P%&//# 7/%5#/#$/5/#$/  6 %;)/ '/ (# #*/6 '/ (5/'' )&#$#$/,    

    

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DESVENTA$AS# 

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)(6$*&  '/ 6 #($%*)*+# '/ $/" R/7/#$*#& )5-*& '/ $/57/%$(% & '/ /#$*6)*+# $/#'%# %/7(/$ '*%/)$ /# /6 )(6$*&, &-%/ $&'& /# 5-*/#$/ 7%&$/:*'&" 

D/-6#)/ #($%*)*&#6/ )(# *#5/'*$& /?/)$& /# /6 )(6$*&  A6 #& /*$*% (/6& / 7*/%'/ 6 )7)*'' -(??/% '/ $/ ?%/#$/  /)/& & 6$/%)*&#/ /# /6 (5*#*$%& '/ #($%*/#$/, / 7&% /66& J(/ '/ ?&%5 *#5/'*$ / 7%//#$# 6& ;#$&5 $#$& '/ /)/& )&5& '/ '?*)*$ #($%*)*&#6/" E6 7%&'()$&% '/-/% /$% 5( $/#$& 6 /J(*6*-%*& '/ 6 ?+%5(6 #($%*)*&#6   ( )5-*& '(%#$/ /6 )*)6&"



S/ %/J(*/%/ :( '/ -(/# )6*''  A; )&5& /# 6& *$/5 $%'*)*&#6/ '/ 7%&'())*+# / #/)/*$ (# (/6& '/ '/)(' )&#'*)*&#/ 7% 6 7%&'())*+#, /# 6& *$/5 *'%&7+#*)& / %/J(*/%/ :( '/ -(/# )6*'', &-%/ $&'& 6*-%/ '/ )&#$5*##$/  '/ /)/* 6/, )&# (# 7H )/%)#&  6 #/($%6*''" A:( )&5#5/#$/ '(% )%:' '/ /)/& '/ 6/ *:#*?*)# /6 '/%%&66& '/ ?&%5(6)*&#/ /7/)*6/, )(#'& #& &# 6*5*$#$/ '/6 7%&)/& 7%&'()$*&"

MATERIALES Y M3TODOS                

M66 H(5(  A/%%;# S&6()*+# *'%&7+#*) A S&6()*+# *'%&7+#*) B T/%#& 7&% 12 7(6:' 1(#*'  34 7(6:' R&'/'&% %% '/ 6*$%& P6$*)& #/:%& 8 5/$%& E7&#. V& '/)%$-6/ 100 (#*'' T(-& :6#*'& /%*#: '/ 856 - '/ (  (#*''/ - '/ 1"20 )5  =0)5  206$(% C6& 3 )5

M3TODOS E6 5$&'& J(/ ($*6*5& /# C(6$*& H*'%&7+#*)& / 6 $)#*) E$)*&#%* & '/ R; F6&$#$/"

U8'+'9: E# 6 UNIVERSIDAD SAN LUIS GONZAGA DE ICA @/# /6 */%& '/ 6 ?)(6$' '/ )*/#)* -*&6+:*)

ETAPA DE GERMINACIÓN

PREPARACIÓN Y LAVADO DE SUSTRATO E# /6 7%*5/% '; / %/6*+ 6 7%/7%)*+# '/ ($%$& J(/ / /576/+ 1: '/ (5(  1: '/ /%%;#, / 7%&)/'*+  5/)6% /6 /%%;#  /6 (5( 6(/:& 6& )&65& /# (# -#'/. )&# 8 6*$%& '/ :( )&# 0"156 '/ *7&)6&%*$& /7/%5& (#& 5*#($&  /#.(:5& )&# :(  /6*5*#5& /6 :(" @?*:"08 !0

LAVADO DE BANDE$AS Y PREPARACIÓN DE SOLUCIÓN NUTRITIVA Y COLOCACIÓN DE SUSTRATOS EN BANDE$AS DE SEMILLEROS S/ 7%&)/'*+ 6 6'& '/ -#'/. '/ 6& /5*66/%& / '/*#?/)$& )&# *7&)6&%*$& 0"2 56 /# 18 6*$%& '/ :( 7&% (# 7/%*&'& '/ 10 5*#($&, / '/.+ /)#'& 6 -#'/." P%/7%)*+# '/ 6 &6()*+# #($%*$* / )&6&)+ /# (# -&$/66 '/)%$-6/ 3 6*$%& '/ :( )&# &6()*+# A  S&6()*+# B C&6&))*+# '/ ($%$& /# -#'/. '/ /5*66 / 7%&)/'*+  )&6&)% /6 ($%$& /# -#'/. '/ /5*66/%& *# J(/ /6 ($%$& /$/ 5( )&57)$& 7&%J(/ /*$% 6 :/%5*#)*+#"

SIEMBRA E; +# C&# 6 (' '/ (# :(. / %/6*%&# 6& :(./%& 7% 6 )&6&))*+# '/ (# /5*66 /# )' )*66/%&  0"8)5 '/ 7%&?(#'*''" C&6&)#'& (# $&$6 '/ 100 /5*66 '/ 6 %*/'' ALTDMANS GREEN  100 BREAT LAES  6(/:& / %/6*& /6 %*/:& )&# &6()*+# #($%*$*" @?*:"0+K S/ %/6*+ )&# /6 %*/:& •

GERMINACIÓN DE SEMILLAS

T&'& />+# :/%5*#%&# /5*66 '/ 6 %*/'' ALTDMANS GREEN  BREAT LAES @?*:"0=

REMOCION DE ALMACIGOS C)+@? />+# S/ %/5&*+ 65)*:& '&-6/ /6*5*##'&6& 7% 6&:%% (# 7%&'())*+# (#*?&%5/"/ 5*'*+ /6 )%/)*5*/#$& '/ 6 76#$(6" R*/:& )&# :("

):@? />+# M/'*% /6 )%/)*5*/#$& '/ 6 76#$" R*/:& )&# :(" S&@? />+# S/ 5*'*+ /6 )%/)*5*/#$& '/ 6 76#$(6 &-/%#'& /# (# 76#$(6 '/ 6 %*/'' BREAT LAES  ALTDMANS GREEN"

ELABORACIÓN DE BANDE$AS B#'/. :%#'/ / /57/+  )&%$% $%*76/ 5/' *' 1"20 )5 6%:&  0"=0 )5 #)&  20 )5 '/ 6$(% 6 -#'/. J(/  /*$;# /# /6 */%& / *& 6*57*/ 7% ?&%%%6& )&# 76$*)&"

B#'/. 7/J(/ / )&57%%&# ).&#/ '/ ?%($ 7/J(/&  7%&)/'*5&  ?&%%%6& )&# /6 76$*)& :%(/&"  @F*:" 11!12

ELABORACIÓN DE AGU$EROS EN TERNOPOR P% 6 ($*6*)*+# '/6 $/%#&7&% / 7%&)/'*+ 7%*5/%& )&# /6 $/%#&7&% '/ W 7(6:'  / %/6*+ 6 5/'*' 7% )/% 6& :(./%&, 6& )( 6 ?(/ 1"8)5 '/ '*5/$%& )&# (# '*$#)* '/ 8)5 '/ '*5/$%&  '*5/$%&, )&# 6 (' '/6 $(-& :6#*'& / )6/#$+  7%&)/'*+  %/6*% 6& :(./%&" I:(65/#$/ / 7%&)/'*+ )&# /6 $/%#&7&% '/ X 7(6:' )&# 5/'*' '/ 8 )5 '/ '*5/$%&  )&# (# '*$#)* '/ 10)5 '/ '*5/$%&  '*5/$%&"

@F*:"13!14

CORTE DE ESPON$A S/ 7%&)/'*+  )&%$% 6 /7&#. )&# 6 5/'*' = )5  1"8)5

ORIFICIOS DE VASOS PEUEOS S/ 7%&)/'*+ )/% 6& &%*?*)*& )&# 6 (' '/ (# $*./%  ?&%5% 6& );%)(6& /# 6 -/ '/6 &"

ETAPAS C DE CULTIVO HIDROPÓNICO DE LECHUGA GREAT LAKES Y WALDMANS

U GREEN L T I V O H I D R O P O N I C O

1)

Elaboración de

2) gerinación

!) "rier tras"lante

#) segundo tras"lante

PRIMER TRASPLANTE C&#$/#/'&% 1K $*/#/ 44 76#$(6 '/ 6 /7/)*/ 6/)(: GREAT LAES" C&#$/#/'&% 2K $*/#/ 23 76#$(6 '/ 6/)(: ALDMANS GREEN  1> '/ 6/)(: GREAT LAES"

TRASPLANTE# R/$*%% 6 76#$(6 )&# )(*''&  6(/:& $%6'%6  (# $*# )&# :( 7% J(*$%6/ 6 $*/%% '/ 6 %;" @?*:"18L(:& )&6&)% 6%/'/'&% '/6 $66& '/ 6 76#$(6 6 /7&#.  6(/:& )&6&)%6 /# /6 $/%#&7&% 7/%?&%'& @?*:"1

L6/#% 6& )&#$/#/'&%/ )&# :( $ J(/ 7(/'# 6)#% 6 %;)/ /6 :( @10 6*$%& @?*:"1orde"lanta/co/ar'"lantas'culti4o
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