Cultivo de Alcachofa

 

EWIVBQL FG @IE@EDLA@ BMXL^V@KEB@ FGI EWIVBQL FG @IE@EDLA@ I` `ie`edla` (Eyk`r` (Eyk`r` seliymus I.), I.), tbgkg elml egktrl fg lrbjgk i` ^gjbõk Egktr`i y Leebfgkt`i fgi Mgfbtgrràkgl I` `ie`edla` gs elksbfgr`f` elml uk` fg i`s gspgebgs dlrtíeli`s fg bkkumgr`nigs prlpbgf`fgs kutrbtbv`s tgr`pâutbe`s, elml `ktbrrgumàtbel y fburâtbel plr su prln`f`y `eebõk slnrg gi mgt`nlibsml fg i` urg` y eligstgrli3 gs `prgeb`f` plrqug elktbgkg elmplkgktgs qug slk augktg fg gkgrjí` sbmbi`r ` fgi `zÿe`r muy ngkâabe` p`r` ils fb`nâtbels y gs rbe` gk `zÿe`rgs, prltgík`s, vbt`mbk`s @, N y E, elk uk jr`k elktgkbfl fg e`iebl, plt`sbl y dbgrrl.

 

FGUE^BXEBÕK NLVÀKBE@ R ML^ALIÕJBE@ FG I@ FGUE^BXEBÕK @IE@EDLA@ Ei`sbabe`ebõk V`xlkõmbe` Fbvbsbõk ? A`kgrlj`m`s Ei`sg ? Uun-Ei`sg ?

Fbeltbigfõkg`s Ubmpgt`i`s

Lrfgk A`mbib`s Jrupl Jâkgrl

? ? ? ?

E`mp`kui`f`s Elmplsbt`g (@stgr`eg` (@stgr`eg`)) Eyk`rg`g Eyk`r`

Gspgebg

?

Eyk`r` seliymus

gs uk e`rfl jr`kfg fg i` a`mbib` fg i`s Elmplsbt`g (@stgr`eg`), k`tbv` fgi mgfbtgrràkgl, pi`kt` fbpilbfg, fbpilbfg, pgrgkkg y rlnust`3 prgflmbk`ktgmgktg prgflmbk`ktg mgktg fg plibkbz`ebõk eruz`f`, euitbv`f` plr su e`ngz` jr`kfg y e`rkls`.

 

Fgserbpebõk Nltàkbe` I` `ie`edla` qug sg euitbv` gs i` Eyk`r` seliymus I., I., tbgkg >k = >x = 56 erlmlslm`s, gs uk` pi`kt` fbpilbfg, fg plibkbz`ebõk eruz`f`. I` pi`kt` ergeg d`st` uk` `itur` fg 0,8 m ― 0,7 m l màs y eunrg uk àrg` fg 0,7 m ― >,8 m `prlxbm`f`mgktg fg fbàmgtrl3 fg elilr vgrfg pi`tg`fl. Uu mlf`ibf`f fg prlp`j`ebõk vgjgt`tbv` i` d`eg sgmbpgrgkkg, i` pi`kt` prlfueg dbougils gst`eblk`igs ` p`rtbr fg uk` elrlk` pgrm`kgktg, euyl kÿmgrl v`rí` fg uk sbmpig dbougil gk uk` pi`kt` olvgk d`st` `prlxbm`f`mgktg 0> gk i`s pi`kt`s `fuit`s. Iugjl fgi tr`spi`ktg, e`f` dbougil alrm` uk` rlsgt` fg dlo`s jr`kfgs nàs`igs ` p`rtbr fg ils eu`igs ergeg gi t`iil prlfuetlr fg ’e`ngzugi`s” ’e`ngzugi`s”

 

MGVLFLU FG X^LX@J@EBLK FG I@ @IE@EDLA@ Gk i` prlfueebõk fg dlrt`ibz`s gs kgegs`rbl elmprgkfgr qug gi âxbtl fg uk euitbvl fgpgkfg gk uk 78 plr ebgktl fgi nugk m`kgol fg i`s piàktui`s fur`ktg i` jgrmbk`ebõk y ergebmbgktl bkbeb`i, gstl bkfbe` qug i` e`ibf`f fg i`s piàktui`s bkaiuyg gk gi ergebmbgktl fg i` pi`kt` `fuit` y gk gi rgkfbmbgktl

Xrlp`j`ebõk plr sgmbii` nltàkbe` I`s prbkebp`igs vgkt`o`s fg ils euitbv`rgs pi`kt`fls ` p`rtbr fg sgmbii` nltàkbe` slk? • @i utbibz`r gi sbstgm` fg pi`kt`ebõk plr sgmbii`, âst` pi`kt` sgmbpgrgkkg pugfg sgr elkvgrtbf` gk uk euitbvl `ku`i g bkeiubf` fgktrl fg i`s rlt`eblkgs fg euitbvls. • Mgolr s`kbf`f fgi euitbvl, plrqug i` tr`ksmbsbõk fg gkagrmgf`fgs vbr`igs gs màs fbaíebi elmp`r`fl elk i` prlp`j`ebõk vgjgt`tbv`

 

• Elmp`r`fl ` i`s pi`kt`s prlfuebf`s plr prlp`j`ebõk vgjgt`tbv` l mgrbstgm`, i` sbgmnr` mgeàkbe` gs uk `dlrrl fg m`kl fg lnr` y fbsmbkuyg ils elstls fg lpgr`ebõk. • I`s pi`kt`s sgmnr`f`s fbrget`mgktg fg sgmbii` fgs`rrlii`k r`íegs r `íegs màs i`rj`s y vgrtbe`igs, i`s eu`igs pgkgtr`k màs prlaukf`mgktg gk gi sugil qug i`s r`íegs fg i`s pi`kt`s prlp`j`f`s vgjgt`tbv`mgktg3 `fgmàs utbibz`k gk alrm` gabebgktg ils agrtbibz`ktgs y i` dumgf`f.

Xrlp`j`ebõk vgjgt`tbv` Gk gi Xgrÿ, ` kbvgi elmgreb`i i` prlp`j`ebõk vgjgt`tbv` màs jgkgr`ibz`f` gs plr dbougils y gsqugogs. Gst` alrm` fg prlp`j`ebõk tbgkg vgkt`o`s plr i` prgelebf`f fg i`s pi`kt`s y ràpbf` prlfueebõk gk elmp`r`ebõk ` ltrls mâtlfls fg prlp`j`ebõk, tgkbgkfl i` sgjurbf`f fg lntgkgr nugk`s pi`kt`s e`p`egs fg prlfuebr p rlfuebr mgolr ` ils 5,7 mgsgs `prlxbm`f`mgktg fgspuâs fgi tr`spi`ktg, fgpgkfbgkfl fg i` zlk`. Ils dbougils. Ulk nrltgs i`tgr`igs prlvbstls fg dlo`s `ijl gkr`bz`fls qug ergegk fgi sbstgm` rbzlmàtbel fg i` ’pi`kt` m`frg”. Ils gsqugogs. Ulk trlzls n`s`igs fg t`iils elk p`rtg fgi rbzlm` y ygm`s, qug d`k prlfuebfl e`ngzugi`s, d`k gktr`fl gk i`tgkeb` y d`k sbfl elrt`fls, gk gi pgrílfl fg rgplsl vgjgt`tbvl, ` ukls 7 l 08 em. fg i` supgrabebg fgi sugil.

 

Fgabkbebõk fg `imàebjls Ils `imàebjls l sgmbiigrls slk supgrabebgs pgqugð`s fg tgrrgkl prgp`r`fl, l gkv`sgs fg piàstbel l p`pgi3 qug sbrvgk p`r` fgplsbt`r i`s sgmbii`s y prlplreblk`r ils míkbmls eubf`fls fur`ktg i` jgrmbk`ebõk, gmgrjgkeb` fg i`s piàktui`s y prbmgrls gst`fls bkbeb`igs fg ergebmbgktl d`st` gi mlmgktl fgi tr`spi`ktg.

Qgkt`o`s fgi usl fg `imàebjls  \ @dlrrl fg sgmbii`s  \ Mgolr`r i` e`ibf`f fg i`s piàktui`s piàktui`s  \ A`ebibf`fgs gk i`s i`nlrgs gk `imàebjl `imàebjl  \ Mgklr f`ðl fg pi`j`s y gkagrmgf`fgs gkagrmgf`fgs

Vbpls fg `imàebjls  \ N`kfgo`s fg piàstbel  \ Q`sls fgse`rt`nigs  \ Nilqugs fg tbgrr`  \ @imàebjls fg e`m` `it` y e`m` n`o`

 

Xrgp`r`ebõk fgi tgrrgkl Gi tgrrgkl sgigeeblk`fl p`r` i` bkst`i`ebõk fgi euitbvl e uitbvl rgqubgrg fg uk` `fgeu`f` y lplrtuk` prgp`r`ebõk p`r` gi tr`spi`ktg. X`r` gstl gs rgelmgkf`nig gk prbmgr iuj`r kbvgi`r gi tgrrgkl, tgkbgkfl gk eugkt` i` pgkfbgktg y i` lrbgkt`ebõk qug tgkfràk ils surels. Ubjug i` rltur`ebõk elk `r`fl fg fbsel, y i` p`s`f` fg r`str`. Abk`ibz` elk gi sure`fl, gk gi e`sl fg i` Ubgrr` Egktr`i y Klrtg ils fbst`keb`mbgktls slk v`rb`nigs, sbgkfl il màs elmÿk fg 0.8 m gktrg surels.

Vr`spi`ktg fg piàktui`s prlvgkbgktgs fg `imàebjls I`s piàktui`s elkfuebf`s gk `imàebjl sg gkeugktr`k `pt`s ` pt`s p`r` gi tr`spi`ktg eu`kfl tbgkgk 6 ∞ 7 dlo`s vgrf`fgr`s, gstl gs gktrg 18 ∞ 28 fí`s fgsfg i` sbgmnr` (fg `eugrfl `i eibm`) y uk` `itur` fg 07 ∞ >8 em. Gk Ubgrr`, elksbfgr`kfl i` âple` fg tr`spi`ktg y i`s elkfbeblkgs `jrl eibmàtbe`s, i` `ie`edla` pugfg sgr tr`spi`kt`f` fur`ktg tlfl gi `ðl, I`s fgksbf`fgs fg tr`spi`ktg gk Ubgrr` slk n`st`ktg v`rb`nigs, sbk s bk gmn`rjl i`s màs us`f`s slk? ∞ 0.8 m gktrg surels x 0.8 m gktrg pi`kt` (08,888 pi`kt`s/d`) argse`. ∞ 0.8 m gktrg surels x 8.4 m gktrg pi`kt` (0> 788 pi`kt`s/d`) `ie`edlabk º 0.8 m gktrg surels x 8.: m gktrg pi`kt`s (06 >48 pi`kt`s/d`) `ie`edlabk

0.> m gktrg surels x 8.1 m gktrg pi`kt`s (04 888 pi`kt`s/d`) `ie`edlabk  

• @pgrtur` fg dlyls elk pbelt` ` kbvgi fg i` elstbii` fgi surel fg 08 em fg `kedl y >8 em fg prlaukfbf`f), flkfg sg fgplsbt` i`s piàktui`s elktgkbf`s gk su sustr`tl (prlvgkbgktg fg n`kfgo`s fg piàstbel, kgrbflcl) l r`íz fgskuf` (prlvgkbgktgs fg e`m` n`o` l `it`), elmp`etàkfli`s `fgeu`f`mgktg ` abk fg a`ebibt`r uk `fgeu`fl elkt`etl gktrg i`s r`íegs y gi sugil y pgrmbtbr uk aàebi prgkfbmbgktl. Wk` vgz elkeiubfl gstg prlegfbmbgktl sg `pibe`rà fg bkmgfb`tl gi rbgjl elrrgsplkfbgktg. • I` sgjukf` alrm` elksbstg gk rgj`r plr surels y` gst`nigebfls uk fí` `ktgs fgi tr`spi`ktg3 iugjl sg prlegfgrà ` i` `pgrtur` fg dlyls elk i` `yuf` fg uk` pbelt` gk i` elstbii` fgi surel ` i` `itur` fgi kbvgi fg rbgjl, elktbku` elk gi tr`spi`ktg y elmp`et`ebõk p`r` `sgjur`r gi prgkfbmbgktl.

^bgjls I` `ie`edla` rgqubgrg fg rbgjls argeugktgs fur`ktg tlfl gi pgrílfl vgjgt`tbvl, i` fgabebgkeb` dífrbe` gspgeb`imgktg fur`ktg i` alrm`ebõk fg bkailrgsegkeb`s l e`ngzugi`s f` elml rgsuit`fl pârfbf`s t`ktl gk e`ibf`f elml gk rgkfbmbgktl. º

 

Agrtbibz`ebõk I` `ie`edla` gs rgplrt`f` elml uk euitbvl gxbjgktg gk kutrbgktgs fgnbfl ` su jr`k fgs`rrliil alib`r y vgilebf`f fg prlfueebõk fg bkailrgsegkeb`s. Ils kbvgigs fg agrtbibz`ebõk fgngk alrmui`rsg tgkbgkfl gk eugkt` ils rgsuit`fls fg ils `kàibsbs fg sugil y i` gxtr`eebõk fg kutrbgktgs

Elktrli fg m`igz`s

Gxbstg uk m`re`fl gagetl fg elmpgtgkeb` fg i`s m`igz`s, elkstbtuygkfl uk prlnigm` fg bmplrt`keb` gelkõmbe`, fgsfg gi tr`spi`ktg g bkst`i`ebõk

@plrqug I`nlr euitur`i qug tbgkg v`rb`s abk`ibf`fgs, prbkebp`imgktg a`ebibt`r gi `kei`og fgi sbstgm` r`fbeui`r fg i` pi`kt` y mgolr`r i` gst`nbibf`f fgi euitbvl fgktrl fgi tgrrgkl3 `fgmàs a`ebibt` i`s i`nlrgs fg rbgjl y` qug sg gst`nigeg uk kugvl surel gk i` p`rtg egktr`i fg i` dbigr` fg pi`kt`s, pufbgkfl rgj`r elk m`ylrgs vliÿmgkgs fg `ju` sbk gktr`r gk elkt`etl fbrgetl elk i`s pi`kt`s gvbt`kfl fg gst` alrm` prlnigm`s abtls`kbt`rbls

Xlf`s

Xràetbe` n`st`ktg usu`i gk gi euitbvl fg `ie`edla` plr tgkgr uk gxungr`ktg fgs`rrliil alib`r, y i`s dlo`s n`s`igs sg gkeugktr`k sungxpugst`s ` ils r`yls sli`rgs tlrkàkflsg `m`rbiigkt`s y susegptbnigs ` pi`j`s y gkagrmgf`fgs

 

Xrbkebp`igs Xi`j`s y su elktrli Jus`kls elrt`flrgs Elpbt`rsb` turn`t` , @jrltbs bpsbilk, Uplflptgr` sp, Agitb` sp.

Elktrli? ∞ Wsl `rtgs`k`i fg tr`mp`s fg iuz kgjr` (iuz uitr`vbligt`)

∞ Ibngr`ebõk fg elktrli`flrgs nbliõjbels? . Xrlslpled`gt` sgtls` (Fbpt. ? V`edbkbf`g) . E`mpligtbs sp (Dym. ? Bedkgumlkbf`g) Fb`nrõtbe`s, ilrbtls Fb`nrltbe` spp. Mlse` mbk`flr` Ibrblmyz` dubflnrgksbs

Elktrli? º ^bgjls `fgeu`fls fur`ktg gi fgs`rrliil

Jus`kls pgralr`flrgs fg bkailrgsegkeb`s Elpbt`rsb` turn`t` , @jrltbs bpsbilk.

Elktrli? º Fgsdbgrnls lplrtukls y gstrbetls º Wsl `rtgs`k`i fg tr`mp`s fg iuz kgjr`

 

Xrbkebp`igs Gkagrmgf`fgs y su elktrli M`redbtgz fg pi`kt`s l wbit ? Aus`rbum spp. spp. Elktrli? º ^lt`ebõk fg euitbvls. º Gvbt`r f`ðls gk i`s r`íegs fg i` pi`kt`. º ^g`ibz`r rbgjls ibjgrls º Gvbt`r sbgmnr` gk sugils pgs`fls ( `rebiilsls) eykgrg`. º Lbfblsbs ? Lbfbum eykgrg`.

Elktrli?  

Wtbibz`ebõk fg v`rbgf`fgs tligr`ktgs ` i` gkagrmgf`f elml hJrggk Jilng'. º ^g`ibz`r rbgjls lplrtukls y `fgeu`fls (ibjgrls). Xufrbebõk jrbs fg i` bkailrgsegkeb`? Nltrytbs eykgrg`.

Elktrli? º Xlf`s fg i`s dlo`s bkagrblrgs fg i` pi`kt` (m`fur`s) º ^g`ibz`r `r`fur`s prlaukf`s.º M`ked` alib`r fg i` dlo` ? ^`mui`rb` spp.

Elktrli? º Gibmbk`ebõk fg rgsbfuls elkt`mbk`fls ( dlo`s) º ^lt`ebõk fg euitbvls. º Gibmbk`ebõk fg m`igz`s.

 

Q`rbgf`fgs gv`iu`f`s . Jrggk Jilng', hBmpgrb`i Ut`r', hV`ipblt', hNi`ke` fg Vufgi`', h@∞081',' @∞08:', h^lv`kgsel', h@∞084', h_@@ 080'3'Ilre`' y hGsmgr`if'

Elsged`

Gs i` p`rtg abk`i fgi prlegsl fg prlfueebõk fg i` `ie`edla` sbk gspbk`s, gs muy bmplrt`ktg y gst` fgabkbf` plr i` e`ibf`f fg i`s bkailrgsegkeb`s qug fgng iigj`r `i mgre`fl elk e`r`etgrístbe`s fgsg`nigs p`r` gi elksumbflr. X`r` fgtgrmbk`r gi mlmgktl `prlpb`fl fg i` elsged` gs kgegs`rbl elkt`r elk íkfbegs fg aàebi elmprgksbõk y `pibe`ebõk qug pgrmbt` bfgktbabe`r elk ebgrt` prgebsbõk gi gst`fl fg fgs`rrliil fgi prlfuetl, dgedl qug gst` ibj`fl `i t`m`ðl fg i`s e`ngzugi`s ailr`igs. Gst` e`r`etgrístbe` bkdgrgktg `i prlfuetl elmgreb`i tâekbe`mgktg sg elkleg elml íkfbeg fg m`furgz. I` elsged` gs gk alrm` m`ku`i, gmpig`kfl uk` dlz l euedbiil, gi elrtg fg i` e`ngzugi` ailr`i sg d`eg elk uk pgqugðl trlzl fg t`iil (08 em) p`r` `sí m`ktgkgri` argse` y turjgktg plr màs tbgmpl3 i` Q`rbgf`f hJrggk Jilng' gk prlmgfbl tbgkg 02 e`ngzugi`s plr pi`kt`, elk uk pgsl fg 5.14 cj y uk rgkfbmbgktl fg 05.> t/d`. Gk i` v`rbgf`f hBmpgrb`i Ut`r', 04 e`ngzugi`s plr pi`kt` elk 5.66 cj. fg pgsl y uk rgkfbmbgktl fg 06.6 t/d`.

 

Xlst elsged` Gi lnogtbvl fg i` plstelsged` gk `ie`edla` sbk gspbk`s gs elktrbnubr ` qug gi prlfuetl elksgrvg su e`ibf`f plr màs tbgmpl y iigjug ` ils mgre`fls fg fgstbkl gk gxegigktgs elkfbeblkgs

Lpgr`eblkgs `ktgs fgi gkarb`fl

Ug rgabgrg ` i`s `etbvbf`fgs gk pi`kt` (Egktrl fg @elpbl), rgi`eblk`fls elk i` rgegpebõk y fgse`rj` fgi prlfuetl elsged`fl, i` prgsgigeebõk, i`v`fl, elrtg, ei`sbabe`ebõk y sgigeebõk.

Xrg gkarb`mbgktl Xrlegsl qug elksbstg gk rgfuebr ràpbf`mgktg i` tgmpgr`tur` fg e`mpl fgi prlfuetl rgebâk elsged`fl y prgvbl `i prlegs`mbgktl bkfustrb`i, `im`egk`mbgktl õ tr`ksplrtg rgarbjgr`fl. Gstg ràpbfl prg gkarb`mbgktl fbsmbkuyg, i` `etbvbf`f fg ils mberllrj`kbsmls y gkzbm`s rgsplks`nigs fgi fgtgrblrl fgi prlfuetl, i` t`s` fg rgspbr`ebõk y i` pârfbf` fg dumgf`f 

@im`egk`mbgktl

X`r` m`ktgkgr õptbm` i` e`ibf`f fg i`s e`ngzugi`s, e `ngzugi`s, gst`s sg fgngk `im`egk`r ` tgmpgr`tur`s egre`k`s ` L¿ E.

Gmp`qugs y gmn`i`ogs Ils gmp`qugs y gmn`i`ogs slk uk elkouktl fg gigmgktls elktgkgflrgs qug pugfgk sgr ríjbfls l aigxbnigs, euyl lnogtbvl gs iljr`r qug gi prlfuetl iigjug d`st` gi elksumbflr abk`i gk õptbm`s elkfbeblkgs fg e`ibf`f, gs

fgebr elml sb `e`n`r` fg sgr elsged`fl  

Mgre`fl fg @ie`edla` Gi euitbvl fg i` `ie`edla` y su gxplrt`ebõk gk alrm` fg prlfuetl prlegs`fl slk tgm`s fg `etu`i bmplrt`keb` p`r` kugstrl p`ís gk jgkgr`i y p`r` ils `jrbeuitlrgs y `jrlgxplrt`flrgs gk p`rtbeui`r3 flkfg sg vbgkg elmpbtbgkfl gxbtls`mgktg elk ils màs jr`kfgs prlfuetlrgs y gxplrt`flrgs gk gi mukfl, sbtu`fls prbkebp`imgktg gk ils p`ísgs fgs`rrlii`fls fgi dgmbsagrbl klrtg (Bt`ib`, Gsp`ð`, GGWW, Ar`keb`) y ltrls p`ísgs mgfbtgrràkgls fg mgklr bmplrt`keb` elml M`rrugels, @rjgib`, Bsr`gi, Olrf`kb`, Edbprg, Vurquí`, gte.

 

 

Jrggk Jilng 

 

Bmpgrb`i Ut`r  

 

Ni`ke` fg Vufgi` 

 

Ilre`