Cuestionario Sobre El Video Defectos en Estructuras Cristalinas

 

Mukstadnrca sajrk kg vc`ka @kekmas kd Ksrumurns Mrcsngcdns

 >. Gas munra tpas `k `kekmas `kekmas kd udn ksrumurn mrcsngcdn mrcsngcdn sad? n) Rudngks j) Gcdkngks m) Cdkrenmcngks `) Kd vaguhkd :. ±^uã sad gns vnmndks1 Nuskdmcn `k ud îaha kd gn ksrumurn mrcsngcdn. =. ±^uã sad gas îahas cdkrstmcngks1 Îahas `kg hcsha u ara hnkrcng quk amupnd ud fukma a cdkrstmca. 0. Gas sctas cdkrstmcngks puk`kd skr amupn`as par ksas `as tpas `k îahas? n) Îaha Nuacdkrstmcng j) Îaha cdkrstmun ;. ±^uã ks ud îaha nuacdkrstmcng1 Îaha quk amupn ud kspnmca kd ud cdkrstmca `k ud hcsha hnkrcng 5. ±Muîg vnrcnjgk scmn `kkrhcdn kg dÿhkra `k vnmndks kd udn ksrumurn mrcsngcdn1 Pkhpkrnurn 9. Ksmrcjn gn kmunmcýd `k Nrrfkdcus y kxpgcquk huy jrkvkhkdk mn`n udn `k sus vnrcnjgks.

 

6. ]kiÿd gn kmunmcýd `k Nrrfkdcus, ng nuhkdnr gn khpkrnurn, ±quã gk amurrk n gn mndt`n` `k vnmndks kd ud hnkrcng1 Nuhkdn 3. ±^uã sad gns `csgamnmcadks1 Ks ud tpa `k `kekma quk cduyk kd gn earhnmcýd `k gn `kearhnmcýd pgîstmn. jÿsquk`n Kd kg îhjca `k gn mckdmcn `k hnkrcngks y gn scmn `kg ksn`a sýgc`a, gns `csgamnmcadks sad `kekmas `k gn rk` mrcsngcdn `k `chkdscýd uda, ks `kmcr, quk nekmnd n udn gn `k pudas `k gn rk` `k Jrnvncs. >2. ±Jnoa quã tpa `k `kekma sk mgnscmnd gns `csgamnmcadks1 Gcdkng >>. ±Kd muîg mnrnmkrèstmn scmn `k gas hkngks cduykd scidcmntvnhkdk gns `csgamnmcad `csgamnmcadks1 ks1 @kearhnmcýd pgîstmn >:. Gns `csgamnmcadks `csgamnmcadks puk`kd skr `k `as tpas. Hkdmcýdkgas. n) @csgamnmcýd `k muþn, nrcsn, gcdkng a jar`k. j) @csgamnmcýd fkgcmac`ng >=. ±^uã ks gn `csgamnmcýd kd muþn1 Engn `k gèdkn `k îahas a fkhas cdra`umc`a ud skhc pgnda `k îahas kd udn ksrumurn mrcsngcdn rkiugnr >0. ±^uã ks gn `csgamnmcýd fkgcmac`ng1 Mcznggn`urn `k ud mrcsng >;. ±^uã ks udn `csgamnmcýd hcxn1 ]ad nqukggns quk tkdkd ud `ajgk mnrîmkr muþn-fkgkmac`ng. muþn-fkgkmac`ng. >5. ±^uã ks kg vkmar `k Jurikrs1 J urikrs1 Ukmar quk kxprksn gn hnidcu` y `crkmmcýd `k gn `csarscýd rktmugnr nsamcn`n a gn `csgamnmcýd. >9. ±^uã sad gas `kekmas cdkrenmcngks a supkrmcngks1 ]ad nqukggas quk darhng hkdk skpnrnd rkicadks `kg hnkrcng quk tkdkd `cekrkdk ksrumurn mrcsngcdn y arckdnmcýd mrcsngairîmn >6. ±^uã ks gn arckdnmcýd mrcsngairîmn1 Ks udn arckdnmcýd `kkrhcdn`n mad arn arckdnmcýd `kg hcsha hnkrcng

 

>3. ±^uã ks kg jar`k `k irnda1 _adn `k `ksar`kd `k îahas kd gn madoudmcýd `k `as irndas `cstdas :2. ±^uã ks ud irnda1 ]ad nqukggas quk tkdk udn arckdnmcýd mrcsngcdn `kkrhcdn`n :>. ±Mýha sk vcsungcznd gns hnmgns kd ud hnkrcng1 Hcmramapcn ýptmn, y sk `cekrkdmcn parquk npnrkmkd gèdkns pnrngkgns `kdra `k ud irnda ::. ±^uã sad gas gèhcks `k ensk1 ]ad nqukggas hnkrcngks quk tkdkd prapck`n`ks scmns y quèhcmns `kkrhcdn`ns `ad`k sk skpnrnd nrkvks `k gn cdkrensk quk tkdkd `cekrkdks prapck`n`ks :=. ±^uã sad gas `kekmas `k vaguhkd1 @kekmas `k enjrcmnmcýd, yn skn `k paras, irckns a cdmguscadks :0. ±^uã sad gns cdmguscadks1 Chpurkzns `kdra `kg hnkrcng

Mukstadnrca sajrk `kearhnmcýd pgîstmn kd hkngks > >. N dcvkg dcvkg nýhcma nýhcma,, ±kd quã quã madscs madscskk gn `kearh `kearhnmcý nmcýd d pgîstmn1 pgîstmn1 Gas îahas da vukgvkd n su pascmcýd ndkrcar sc da quk sk fnd `kspgnzn`a n udn pascmcýd `k kqucgcjrca. :. ±Rar quã gas gas hnkrcngks hnkrcngks mkrîhcm mkrîhcmas as da sk `kearhnd `kearhnd pgîstmnhk pgîstmnhkdk1 dk1 Zauxkg, Zauxkg, nsè hcsha, hcsha, hkdmcadn quk gas mkrîhcmas rkernmnrcas kd pnrtmugnr sad `cmcgks `k `kearhnr. Ksa sk `kjk n su mnrîmkr hcxa (ks `kmcr, cýdcma-mavngkdk), quk ksî cduc`a par gn `crkmtvc`n` `k gas kdgnmks a par ekdýhkdas `k `csarscýd y parquk gas mkrîhcmas sus îahas vukgvkd n su pascmcýd arcicdng ±^uã sk kdtkd`k par ksrumurn mahpnmn1 N gn quk paskk huy pama kspnmca vnmèa kdrk gas îahas.

0. @kdn kg enmar `k khpnquknhckda. Gn rkgnmcýd `k kdrk kg vaguhkd amupn`a par gas îahas y kg vaguhkd ang `k gn mkg`n mrcsngcdn ;. @k gns >0 rk`ks `k Jrnvncs (>0 ksrumurns mrcsngcdns) ±Muîgks sad gns `as ksrumurns mrcsngcdns hîs mahpnmns1 n) EMM

 

j) FMR 5. Ksmrcjn kg vngar `kg enmar `k khpnquknhckda khpnquknhckda pnrn gns sciuckdks ksrumurns? n) EMM? 2.90 j) FMR? 2.90 m) JMM? 2.56 `) Mÿjcmn schpgk? 2.;: k) @cnhndk? 2.=0 Madmkpa quk da ksî kd kg vc`ka? kg enmar `k khpnquknhckda sýga `kpkd `kpkd`k `k `k gn ksrumurn mrcsngcdn, ks `kmcr, `kg ar`kdnhckda `k gas îahas. Da `kpkd`k `kg nhnþa `k gas îahas (`k su rn`ca). Rar nda, a`as gas hkngks EMM tkdkd kg hcsha enmar `k khpnquknhckda khpnquknhckd a kdrk kggas, a`as gas hkngks JMM tkdkd kg hcsha enmar `k khpnquknhckda khpnquknhckd a kdrk kggas y a`as gas hkngks FMR tkdkd kg hcsha enmar `k khpnquknhckda kdrk kggas. khpnquknhckda 9. Kdrk hkdar ks kg enmar `k khpnquknhckda, ±mýha ks kg vaguhkd `k gn mkg`n udcnrcn quk ksî vnmèn `k îahas1 Nuhkdn 6. N hnyar enmar `k khpnquknhckda, ±mýha sad gas hnkrcngks kd eudmcýd `k su `kdsc`n` y su hnsn1 Hîs `kdsas y hîs pksn`as 3. ±^uã sad gas pgndas prcdmcpngks1 ]ad gas hîs `kdsnhkdk pajgn`as `k îahas quk fny kd udn ksrumurn >2. ±^uã sad gns `crkmmcadks prcdmcpngks1 ]ad gns `crkmmcadks `k îahas hîs `kdsnhkdk pajgn`as quk fny kd udn ksrumurn. >>. Kd gn ksrumurn FMR n) ±Muîdas pgndas prcdmcpngks fny1 > pgndas jnsngks j) ±Muîdns `crkmmcadks prcdmcpngks fny1 = >:. Kd gn ksrumurn EMM n) ±Muîdas pgndas prcdmcpngks fny1 0 j) ±Muîdns `crkmmcadks prcdmcpngks fny1 =

 

>=. Kd gn ksrumurn JMM n) ±Muîdas pgndas prcdmcpngks fny1 5 pnsnd par kg îaha `kg mkdra j) ±Muîdns `crkmmcadks prcdmcpngks fny1 : Mukstadnrca sajrk gn `kearhnmcýd pgîstmn kd hkngks : >. ±^uã ks gn ndcsarapèn1 ]ad nqukggns quk tkdkd `cstdns prapck`n`ks kd `cstdns `crkmmcadks (sýgc`as mrcsngcdas) =. ±^ ±^uã uã ks gn csa csara rapè pèn1 n1 Ciungks prapck`n`ks kd `cstdns `crkmmcadks (sýgc`as nhareas) 0. ±Rar quã gas gas sýgc`a sýgc`ass mrcsngc mrcsngcdas das sad sad ndcsa ndcsarýpcm rýpcmas1 as1 Rarquk ng rnznr mckrns rkmns kd gas îahas ar`kdn`as mn`n îaha tkdk prapck`n`ks `cstdns, par quk kg ar`kdnhckda `k gas îahas ks `cstda. 0. Kd gas scskhns mrcsngcdas gn `kearhnmcýd pgîstmn ks hîs eîmcg n ga gnria `k mckras pgndas y kd mckrns `crkmmcadks. Rarquk gas îahas prkkrkd fnmkr sngas humfa hîs pkqukþas parquk nsè da dkmkscnd humfn kdkrièn.

;. ±]ajrk ±]ajrk muîgks muîgks pgndas pgndas y `crkmmcad `crkmmcadks ks sk `kearhn `kearhn udn ksrum ksrumurn urn mrcsngc mrcsngcdn1 dn1 Kdrk gas pgndas y `crkmmcadks prcdmcpngks prcdmcpngks 5. ±^uã ±^uã sad gas gas scsk scskhns hns ` `kk `ksgcz `ksgcznhc nhckd kda1 a1 Ks ud pgnda prcdmcpng + udn `crkmmcýd prcdmcpng 9. ±Muîdas scskhns `k `ksgcznhckda tkdk gn ksrumurn FMR1 = 6. ±Muîdas pgndas `k `ksgcznhckda tkdk gn ksrumurn EMM1 >: 3. ±Muîdas pgndas `k `ksgcznhckda tkdk gn ksrumurn JMM1 >: >2. ±Rar quã ud pagcmrcsng sk `kearhn hîs eîmcg quk ud hadamrcsng1 Rarquk ks hîs eîmcg kdmadrnr `crkmmcadks mkrmndns n 0;² kd ud pagcmrcsng