CUESTIONARIO DE TITULACIONES (Neutralizacion, Precipitacion, Complejos)

 

EZJU\IDMBQID BMB@I\IEB \JDQIB LJ @B MJZ\QB@IXBEIÕM. EB[ 15 2. ´Jm quj vb vbrãbm rãbm edmsil edmsiljrba` jrba`jcjmtj jcjmtj `ds li linjrjm njrjmtjs tjs âeilds âeilds y absjs4

Q8 //^brãbm edmsiljrba`jcjmtj jm `b jxtjmsiõm lj su idmizbeiõm d jmjroãb edm quj um prdtõm pujlj sjr ejlild d bejptbld pdr `b absj6 js ljeir, vbrãbm jstds eujrpds jm su nujrzb beilb d aâsieb y pdr `d tbmtd jm `b jxtjmsiõm lj su imtjrbeeiõm ^B@DQBEIÕM LJ ZM ÂEILD NZJQ\J NZJQ\J EDM ZMB ABUJ NZJQ\J 1. ´Euâ` js js j` prdorjsd prdorjsd lj umb umb vb`dr vb`drbeiõm beiõm be beild ild nujrtj nujrtj edm umb umb absj nu nujrtj jrtj ed edm m rjspjetd rjspjetd b su edmejmtrbeiõm y pG4

Q8 // @b edmejmtrbeiõm e dmejmtrbeiõm lj` idm gilrdojmd vb ljerjeijmld y bucjmtbmld j` pG. 5. ´eõcd ´eõcd sj edcpdrtb edcpdrtb j` pG pG jm j` pu pumtd mtd jstjquic jstjquicétried étried jm jm jstj pd pd lj vb`drbeiõm vb`drbeiõm4 4

Q8 // Ej Ejreb reb lj` pumt pumtd d jstjq jstjquic uicétr étried ied `b vbrib vbribeiõ eiõm m lj pG sj gbe gbejj cuy râpil râpilbb y prjeisbcjmtj jstb vbribeiõm sirvj lj absj pbrb `b ljtjeeiõm lj` pumtd mb` lj `b vb`drbeiõm. . ´Eõcd ´Eõcd js jst jstj j pd pd lj vb`drbe vb`drbeiõm iõm4 4

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B` edcijmzd `b lisd`ueiõm b`eb`imb jmj umb j`jvblb edmejmtrbeiõm lj DG- y pdr tbmtd um pG b`td. J` pG ljerjej orblub`cjmtj b` imieid, ljspués râpilbcjmtj jm `bs prdxicilbljs lj` pumtd jstjquicétried y lj mujvd orblub`cjmtj ljspués lj liegd pumtd. Uu eurvb js rjeiprdeb lj `b eurvb lj vb`drbeiõm lj um âeild nujrtj edm umb absj nujrtj.

 

^BQDQBEIÕM LJ ZM ÂEILD LÉAI@ EDM ZMB ABUJ NZJQ\J. ?. ´Euâ` js `b jeubeiõm ojmjrb` quj rjprjsjmtb jstb vb`drbeiõm4 Q8 // GB + DG- -----= G1D + BGB8 Âeild B-8 Uu sb` léai` cdmdprõed 7. Cjmeidmj Cjmeidmj `ds `ds eubtrds eubtrds bspjetds bspjetds icpdrtbm icpdrtbmtjs tjs lj jstb vb`drbeiõm vb`drbeiõm

Q8 // 

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@b edmejmtrbeiõm lj idm gilrdojmd b` edcijmzd js edmsiljrba`jcjmtj câs pjqujòb (pG câs orbmlj) quj pbrb j` âeild nujrtj. Jm `ds pricjrds cdcjmtds lj `b vb`drbeiõm j` pG lj `b lisd`ueiõm bucjmtb edm rj`bvb rbpiljz ljaild b quj `b idmizbeiõm lj` âeild léai` jstâ rjstrimoilb pdr jnjetd jnj etd lj` idm edc edcøm øm lj` bmiõm (sb (sb`` b`tbcj b`tbcjmtj mtj idmiz idmizblb blb)) ndrc ndrcbld bld jm `b mjutrb`izbeiõm.  [brb zdmbs listbmeiblbs lj` pumtd lj sjcimjutrb`izbeiõm y b bcads `blds lj é`, `b eurvb lj vb`drbeiõm js bprdxicblbcjmtj `imjb` ljaild b quj rjprjsjmtb umb rjoiõm tbcpdmblb. J` pumtd jstjquicétried md edrrjspdmlj pujs `b rjbeeiõm imvjrsb sjoøm `b eub` j` bmiõm B- , gbej b `b lisd`ueiõm `iojrbcjmtj b`eb`imb.

*Eubmd câs ejrebmd jsj j` pumd eb`eu`bld b` imieib` d b` jsjquicéried y eubmd câs pjqujòd sjb j` vb`dr Fb cbydr sjrâ `b linjrjmeib jmrj `ds eâ`eu`ds bprdxicblds y jxbeds.

9. ´Eõc ´Eõcd d js j` jjnjetd njetd l ljj `b edm edmejmtr ejmtrbeiõm beiõm lj lj`` âeild l léai` éai` jm jjstb stb vb vb`drbei `drbeiõm4 õm4 Q8 // J` pG bmtjs y ljspués lj edcjmzblb `b vb`drbeiõm sjrâ `iojrbcjmtj imnjridr Jm `ds pumtds imtjrcjlids j` pG sjrâ bprdxicblbcjmtj j` ciscd, pujs VG+S 

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vijmj ljtjrcimbld pdr `b rj`beiõm VGBeS/VBeS J` pG lj` pumtd jstjquicétried sjrâ `iojrbcjmtj imnjridr b ebusb lj umb edmejmtrbeiõm lj bmiõm câs pjqu pjqujòb. jòb. J` pG ljspués lj` pumtd jstjquicétried bldptbrb vb`drjs abstbmtj imnjridrjs.

2;. ´Eõcd js j` jnjetd lj `b nujrzb lj` âeil âeild d léai` jm jjstb stb vb`drbeiõm4 Q8 // J` pG imieib` js câs j`jvbld y j` ritcd lj vbribeiõm lj` pG jm `ds pricjrds cdcjmtds lj `b vb`drbeiõm js câs b`td. J` ritcd lj vbribeiõm lj` pG ejreb lj` pumtd jstjquicétried js câs orblub`. @b rj rjbe beeiõ eiõm m imvj imvjrs rsbb sj rj rjb` b`iz izbb jm cb cbyd ydrr jxtj jxtjms msiõ iõm m pdr pdr `d quj quj j` pumt pumtd d jstjquicétried edrrjspdmlj b um pG câs j`jvbld. 

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^B@DQBEIÕM LJ ZMB ABUJ LÉAI@ EDM ZM ÂEILD NZJQ\J *\dlds `ds bspjeds lj jsj tpd lj vb`drbeiõm sdm bmâ`dods, jm primeipid, b `ds lj `b vb`drbeiõm.

22. ´Eõcd sj eb`eu`b j` pG ljspués lj` pumtd jstjquic jstjquicétried4 étried4 Q8 // J` pG sj eb`eu`b b pbrr lj` pumtd b pbrr lj` jxejsd lj âeild bòblild y lj` vd`ucjm tdtb` lj `b lisd`ueiõm. QJBEEIÕM BEILD LÉAI@-ABUJ LÉAI@ 21. ´Lj qué ndr ndrcb cb js md rjb`iz rjb`izba`j ba`j jst jstbb vb`drbe vb`drbeiõm4 iõm4 Q8 // Z`izbmld imliebldrjs pbrb ljtjetbr j` pumtd mb` 25. ´Eõcd js `b vbribeiõm lj p pG G ejreb lj` pumt pumtd d lj jquivb`jm jquivb`jmeib4 eib4 Q8 // Ejreb lj` pumtd lj jquivb`jmeib j` ritcd lj vbribeiõm lj` pG pdr blieiõm lj pjqujòds imerjcjmtds lj rjbevd li`uild js cuy pjqujòd y j` ebcaid lj imliebldr js pdr tbmtd tbm `jmtd quj rjsu`tb icpdsia`j ljeilir `b `deb`izbeiõm lj` pumtd mb`   

pG 3 2/1( pFg1; - pFb - pFa) Ui Fb=Fa8 @b lisd`ueiõm js beilb Ui Fb0Fa8 `b lisd`ueiõm js b`eb`imb

^B@DQBEIÕM LJ BEILD [D@I[QD\IED EDM ABUJ NZJQ\J 2 umilbljs bprdxicblbcjmtj 1TT;.1-2.7TTT erjsd`TTT2.>TT;.1-2.7TTTTTTTTQdhdTTTTTT TTTTTQdhdTTTTTTTTTTbcbri``d TTTTbcbri``d Bzu` lj cd`TTTT2.>TTT2.1-1.7TT cd`TTTT2.>TTT2.1-1.7TTTTTTTrdhdTTTT TTTTTrdhdTTTTTTTTTTTbcbri``d TTTTTTTbcbri``d Njmd`b`jãmbTTTTT9.5TT7-9.7TTTTTTTTimed`drdTT Njmd`b`jãmbTTTTT9.5TT7 -9.7TTTTTTTTimed`drdTTTTTTTTTTrdhd TTTTTTTTrdhd vid`jtb

1:. ´cjmeidmj 5 edmlieidmjs pbrb pdljr u`izbr j` imliebldr4 Q8// 2. j` imliebldr u`izbld ljaj tjmjr um imtjrvb`d lj virbhj quj edimeilb eedm dm d edcprjmlb b` pG lj` pumtd jstjquidcjtried jm `b vb`drbeiõm. 1. ljaj u`izbrsj umb ebmlbl pjqujòb lj imliebldr 5. j` pricjr ebcaid lj ed`dr ljtjetbld lj` imliebldr ljaj sjr tdcbld edcd pumtd mb`.

Cétdlds lj Mjutrb`izbeiõm 2. ´Eõcd ljajm ljajm sjr sjr `ds sd`utds sd`utds u`izbld u`izbldss edcd rjbevd rjbevdss jm vd`ucjtrãb vd`ucjtrãbss beildabsj4

Q/ Ljajm jstbr b`tbcjmtj idmizblds y md sjr vd`â`js mi dxilbmtjs, sjr jstba`js b `b `uz y b` birj y md ndr ndrcbr cbr sb`js imsd`ua imsd`ua`js `js jm `b vb`drbeiõm.

1. ´Euâ`js ´Euâ`js sdm b`oumbs b`oumbs lj `bs prdpijl prdpijlbljs bljs lj` lj` Beild Beild E`drgilried E`drgilried4 4

Q/-Js um beild nujrtj, md dxilbmtj.   -J` sd`utd sd`utd md js vd`â` jm `bs edme edmejmtrbeidmjs jmtrbeidmjs qu qujj sj u` u`izb izb jm bbeilicjtrãb. eilicjtrãb.   -@b cbydr pbrtj lj sus sb`js sdm sd`ua`js 5. ´Euâ` js j` beild beild jsjmeib`cj jsjmeib`cjmtj mtj bljeubld bljeubld pbrb pbrb `bs vb`drbeidm vb`drbeidmjs js jm lisd`vjmtj lisd`vjmtjss md beudsbs4

Q/ Js j` beild pjre`õried, j` eub` js um beild nujrtj, md vd`â` y md dxilbmtj jm lisd`ueidmjs nribs d li`uilbs. . ´Euâ` js js `b ljsvjmt ljsvjmtbhb bhb lj` lj` gilrõxild gilrõxild abried4 abried4 ´Euâ` js js su vjmtbhb vjmtbhb4 4

Q/ Uu ljsvjmtbhb js qquj `b cbydr pbrtj lj `bs sb`js lj abrid sdm imsd`ua`js jm boub y jm lisd`ueidmjs b`eb`imbs. Uu vjmtbhb js quj `b lisd`ueiõm sijcprj jstb ?.

jxtjmtb lj ebradmbtd.

´Euâ` js `b absj absj quj quj MD sj u`izb u`izb edcd rjbevd rjbevd vb`drbmtj vb`drbmtj4 4

 

Q/ Gilrdxild bcdmibed, ljaild b `b vdtb`ilbl lj` bcdmibed. 7.

Cjmeidmj Cjmeidmj lds pbtrdmjs pbtrdmjs pricbrids pricbrids b`eb`im b`eb`imds. ds. ´Euâ` lj lj jstds jstds js j` câs câs usbld y pdr pdr qué4

Q/ -Aiebradmbtd pdtâsied -\jtrbadrbtd sõlied ljebgilrbtbld (aõrbx) -dxb`btd sõlied -ydlbtd pdtâsied J` câs usbld js j` ebradmbtd sõlied pdrquj sj jmeujmtrb nâei`cjmtj jm jstbld purd. 9. ´Euâ`js ´Euâ`js sdm `ds lds lds jxej`jmtj jxej`jmtjss pbtrdmjs pbtrdmjs pricbrids pricbrids pbrb pbrb `bs lisd`ueid lisd`ueidmjs mjs lj dsu`nbtd sõlied4

Q/ J` ydlbtd pdtâsied y j` ydlbtd beild lj pdtbsid. 2;. ´Rué sj ljaj gbejr pbrb jvitbr jvitbr j` jmcbsebrbcijmtd lj` virbhj lj `ds imliebldrjs beild-absj jm `bs vb`drbeidmjs edm ydlbtd4

Q/ Uj bòblj dsu`nbtd sõlied jm jxejsd rjspjetd b` ydlbtd prjsjmtj, quj rjluej lj mujvd j` ydld b ydlurd, j` eub` js imed`drd. 22. ´Ruj js j` cétdld cétdld lj rjsilud4 rjsilud4

Q/ Edmsistj jm `b mjutrb`izbeiõm jxbetb lj um vd`ucjm edmdeild lj lisd`ueiõm edm umb absj (d beild) y jm `b jvbpdrbeiõm b sjqujlbl y eb`eimbeiõm lj `b sb` gbstb pjsd edmstbmtj. 21. Cjmeidmj lds ebrbetjrãsebs ebrbetjrãsebs lj` b`btd beild lj pdtbsid.

Q/ \ijmj mdrcb`cjmtj umb purjzb lj` 99.9: b 2;;.;:%   B umb tjcpjrbturb supjridr lj 21:d pujlj vd`bzbrsj b`od lj bmgãlrild â`ied. 25. Cjmeidmj lds pbtrdmjs pricbrids beilds. ´Euâ` js j` cbs usbld y pdr quj 4 Q/ -beild dxâ`ied ligilrbtbld   -beild ajmzdied   - beild su`nbcied   - ydlbtd beild lj pdtbsid   - su`nbtd lj gilrieimb   - beild 1,-trimitrdajmzdie 1,-trimitrdajmzdied d   - 5,:-limitrdajmzdbt 5,:-limitrdajmzdbtd d beild lj pdtbsid   - cb`btd beild lj eb`eid gjxbgilrbtbld  J` câs usbld js j` b`btd beild lj pdtbsid, pdr su purjzb. Beild dxâ`ied ligilrbtbld, pdrquj md sd`d sirvj pbrb mdrcb`izbr â`eb`is, simd tbcaiém pbrb mdrcb`izbr pjrcbmobmbtd. 2. Jxp`iquj arjvjcjmtj edcd edcd tu`brãb umb umb edcaimbeiõm lj Ebradmbtd sõlied j Gilrdxild lj sdlid.

Q/ 2.Uj ljtjrcimb `b b`eb`imilbl tdtb` pdr vb`drbeiõm edm um beild be ild pbtrõm, u`izbmld edcd imliebldr bmbrbmhbld lj cj`d.   1. Uj bòblj b `b dtrb cujstrb ilé ilémeb meb (b`ãeudtb) u um m jxejsd l ljj e`drurd a abried, bried, quj prjeipitb b` idm ebradmbtd jm ndrcb lj ebradmbtd abried, ljhbmld b` gilrõxild jm lisd`ueiõm. Uj vb`drb j` gilrõxild edm GE` pbtrõm y njmd`b`jãmb (MD bmbrbmhbld lj cj`d). Ljaj bòblirsj j` beild `jmtbcjmtj y boitbmld imtjmsbcjmtj pbrb quj md sunrj btbquj j` ebradmbtd abried. 2?. ´Ruj `j icpilj icpilj `ds vb`drjs vb`drjs lj lj pF b` beild ndsnõr ndsnõried4 ied4

Q/ Icpiljm quj pujlbm edjxisr jm lisd`ueiõm b md sjr jspjeijs ndsnbtblbs blybejmtjs. Jm `b vb`drbeiõm `b lisd`ueiõm rjbeeidmbrb edcd si nujsj umb cjze`b lj G[D