2
Trbduemdi pir; Arblemsei. K. Uâleogz C. ‘Dbrj-jmb ‐ Qgrsmõl 2.> / Bcisti 6>2? 6
Gsermti g mhustrbdi pir Bldrgb Uamhmcim Bhculis trbfbkis pir Ogbtogr Uomll y
[email protected] dg UTMLJ]CIFHML. Bhculis trbfbkis pir Kbej Fbdbsosjm. Gdmtbdi pir Erbmc Somtmlc Dmbcrb`b dg ahuki dg hb `bz`irrb pir Qmetir Kbr`usz Aihhgtis dg fihsmhhi air`btgbdis pir Sgs Eb`p Tgstgbdirgs; Ub`ughg @brmittm, Bldrgb Uamhmcim, Erbmc Somtmlc, Qmetir Kbr`usz, Dmgci Eomsglb, Dmgci Vmeemtghhm, @bssm`i @isebrghhm Dmfuki dg hb pirtbdb, rgagrglemb dg m`âcglgs y `idghis; abltbsystiej, vbhgltmlgYaivYstiej, vbhgltmlgYaivYstiej, `krblu` stiej, ebstiej, hmblebry stiej, poghgldbvmil, `mlitbur quggl, vbhgrmblbstiej, drbcil irf ^brb `âs hmfris dg rgchbs vmsmtg www.cblgsobcb`gs.lgt ^brb `mlmbturbs vmsmtg www.silciafhbdgs.ei` ¹^rgcultbs9 ¹Uucgrglembs9, vmb Eiltbet Eiltbetg g eilAbegfiij gh butir gl bldrgbsamhmcimNc`bmh.ei`, lugstri bldrgbsamhmcimNc`bmh.ei` (www.abegfiij.ei`/cblgsobcb` (www.abegfiij.e i`/cblgsobcb`gsabltbsy/) gsabltbsy/) i vmb tog Uilc ia Fhbdgs ]boii! Criup.
5
ÀLDMEG Eiltglmdi Cugrrgri ZOu`bliP Ehírmci ZOu`bliP ^àebri ZOu`bliP @bci ZOu`bliP Fârfbri ZOu`bliP Ghai Glbli Obhahmlc (@gdmbli) Gqumpi Ei`prb dg Gqumpi ¹Bphbstbr i Eirtbr9 Qgldgr Gqumpi Ei`i Btbebr b his @ilstruis Ubhbs dg Gltrbdb
^âcmlb 22 26 25 24 27 21 23 2? 2= 2= 65 64 67 56
Tbfhb dg Ebrbetgràstmebs Eiltglmdi dg hbGspgembhgs Obfmtbemõl(d1) (6d1) Tbfhb dg Tbfhb dg Gvgltis Gspgembhgs (d1) Tbfhb dg Tgsiris (d1) Tbfhb dg Tgsiris @âcmeis (d1) Tbfhb dg Fmeois y Bhm`bòbs (d1) Tbfhb dg Ugeubegs y Gsfmrris (d1) Tbfhb dg Kgag (d1) Tbfhb dg @ilstruis Gxtrbòis (d1) Tbfhb dg Fûsqugdb i dg @msmõl (d1) Tbfhb dg Vgei`pglsbs Ípmebs (d1)
5? 5= 4> 42 46 45 44 47 4? 7> 72
@ivmíldisg b trbvíssml dg ^bpgh9 hb @bz`irrb ¹Tg gstâs qugdbldi ¹Li oby gspbemi pbrb ulb Obfmtbemõl9 Qihvmgldi Uifrg tus ^bsis Gh Kgag Amlbh Hà`mtgs dg Tmg`pi ¡Qâ`ilis dg bquà! Dmvmdmr gh Crupi Oírigs Ebàdis Uufmr dg Lmvgh Bu`gltbr hb Qmdb eil gh Lmvgh Ogeomzis Tbfhb dg Ogeomzis Bhgbtirmis (d1)
76 76 74 74 77 77 71 71 73 7? 7= 1>
4
Gleugltris Irdgl dg @breob ¹Euâldi Btbebl his @ilstruis9 @idmamebdirgs dg Tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb ¹Rumíl gs Btbebdi9 Ouygldi dgh Ei`fbtg
12 16 15 15 14 11
Eubldi @ilstruis Ouygl ¹Euâldihis Amlbhmzb ul Ei`fbtg9 Ubqugi Hhgvbr gh Fitàl Fusebldi gl hbs Obfmtbemilgs Tbfhb dg Fûsqugdb dg Obfmtbemõl Qbeàb (d1) @ilstruis Grrbltgs ^ugrtb Ugergtb Tgsiri Ieuhti Ei`phmebemõl dgh Tgsiri Ieuhti (d1) ^mstbs ^mstbs y ^grsilbkgs @irmfuldis Trb`pbs Tbfhb dg Trb`pbs (d1) ^àebris Dgsbr`bldi Trb`pbs ^ugrtbs Fhiqugbdbs i Egrrbdbs Dgagldgr eiltrb... ¹Ruí oby gl his Lmvghgs `âs priauldis9 Eisbs pbrb Vgeirdbr ^rgcultbs Argeugltgs Oikb dg Bvglturb @ilstruis Dgrritbdis Oikb dg Vgagrglemb Vâpmdb Tbfhb dg Eiltglmdi dg hb Obfmtbemõl (6d1) Tbfhb dg Ebrbetgràstmebs Gspgembhgs (d1) Tbfhb dg Trb`pbs (d1) Tbfhb dg Tgsiris (d1) Tbfhb dg Gvgltis Gspgembhgs (d1) Tbfhb dg Tgsiris @âcmeis (d1) Tbfhbs dg Fmeois y Ugeubegs (d1) Tbfhbs dg Ogeomzis Bhgbtirmis y Ei`phmebemõl dg Tgsiris Ieuhtis (d1) Tbfhb dg Kgag y @ilstruis Gxtrbòis (d1) Tbfhb dg Fûsqugdb i dg @msmõl (d1)
13 13 13 1? 1? 1? 1= 3> 3> 3> 32 34 37 37 33 33 3? 3= ?> ?5 => =2 =5 =1 =3 =? =? == 2>> 2>2
Tbfhb dg Vgei`pglsbs Ípmebs (d1)
2>=
7
2>5 2>4 2>?
EILTGLMDI Gstg gs ul kugci dg `bz`irrbs dg hb vmgkb gseughb qug sg pugdg kucbr eil gh `àlm`i gspbemi y gqumpi. Lgegsmtbrâs hâpmz, dis dbdis y pbpgh eubdrmeuhbdi. Tb`fmíl pugdgs kucbr gl ulb pmzbrrb fhbleb dg firrbdi gl sgei, i mlehusi usbr eubhqumgr tbfhgri dg fbhdisbs dg `bz`irrb qug tglcbs gl tu pidgr. ^ugdgs kucbrhi sihi i kucbr dg air`b eiipgrbtmvb ei`pbrtmgldi his pgrsilbkgs eil ul b`mci i dis. Eiltrihbs ulb pbrtmdb dg eubtri oírigs qug sg bvglturbl gl ulb `bz`irrb cglgrbdb pir tmrbdbs dg dbdis. Um tmglgs `mlmbturbs, pugdgs usbrhbs pbrb `brebr su irdgl dg `breob, pgri gsti li gs gsglembh. Gh kugci tb`fmíl sg pugdg kucbr eil dis kucbdirgs ebdb uli hhgvbldi ul crupi dg gxphirbdirgs dg `bz`irrbs y turlâldisg pbrb cglgrbr ulb obfmtbemõl ebdb uli, b `gdmdb qug sus crupis bvblzbl pir dmagrgltgs eb`mlis. Gl gstg ebsi, tmrb ul dbdi pbrb dgtgr`mlbr quí crupi vb prm`gri gl ebdb turli.
1
¹^IV RWÍ EWBTVI9 Wl crupi dg eubtri pgrsilbkgs gs gh õptm`i pbrb tglgr suamemgltg vbrmgdbd dg obfmhmdbdgs. Eubtri pgrsilbkgs li sil dg`bsmbdi dmaàemhgs dg eiltrihbr pbrb ul sihi kucbdir y pgr`mtgl qug bhcûl pgrsilbkg iebsmilbh sg ulb b hb pbrtmdb. Um kugcbs eiipgrbtmvb`gltg, gh kugci pugdg aulemilbr eil `byirgs vbrmbfhgs, eil bhculbs `idmamebemilgs. Mltgltb kucbr eil trgs bvglturgris pir kucbdir, duphmebldi gh lû`gri dg tidis his `ilstruis y tgsiris gleiltrbdis, y bu`gltbldi hb dmameuhtbd dg tidis his pghmcris li `ilstruis (trb`pbs, tmrbdbs dg sbhvbemõl, gte.) gl 2. DWVBEMÕL DGH KWGCI Tu prm`grb pbrtmdb tbrdbrâ ul piei `âs dg ulb oirb. Dgspuís dg qug tg ab`mhmbrmegs eil hb `geâlmeb, ulb tàpmeb pbrtmdb gl sihmtbrmi durb bprixm`bdb`gltg 47 `mlutis. Hbs pbrtmdbs eiipgrbtmvbs durbl `âs dgfmdi b hbs dmseusmilgs qug surcgl gltrg his pbrtmempbltgs. HIU @ILUTVWIU LI HBL[BL DBDIU Tidis his rihgs gl gh kugci sil rgbhmzbdis pir pgrsilbkgs. Gh lmvgh dg pidgr y pghmcri dg ul `ilstrui ‐ dgh sg mldmeb `gdmbltg qug gs gh ‘lmvgh `ilstrui. Eubldi ul hislû`gri, pgrsilbkgs btbebl, rgbhmzbl tmrbdbs dg btbqug y hbs ei`pbrbl eil gh lmvgh dg his `ilstruis pbrb dgtgr`mlbr sm his `ilstruis sil dgrritbdis. Eubldi gs gh turli dg btbebr dg his `ilstruis, tus pgrsilbkgs rgbhmzbl tmrbdbs dg dgaglsb eiltrb gh lmvgh dg his `ilstruis, rgemfmgldi ogrmdbs sm abhhbl.
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EÕDMCIU DG DBDIU Gh kugci usb dbdis rgcuhbrgs dg sgms ebrbs, blitbdis ei`i d1 d1.. Wsb`is his smcumgltgs eõdmcis dg dbdis; D1;; hblzb ul dbdi. D1 D1 +2; +2; hblzb ul dbdi y bòbdg 2 bh rgsuhtbdi. 6d1;; hblzb dis dbdis y su`b b`fis rgsuhtbdis. 6d1 6d1 +2; +2; hblzb dis dbdis y bòbdg 2 b hb su`b dg b`fis. D1 x d1; d1; hblzb dis dbdis y `uhtmphmeb uli pir itri, cglgrbldi ul lû`gri gltrg 2 y 51. D1 -2; hblzb ul dbdi y rgstb 2 bh rgsuhtbdi, cglgrbldi ul lû`gri gltrg > y 7. D1 +L; +L; hblzb ul dbdi y bòbdg hbs ebrbetgràstmebs pir lmvgh. (Litb; Lmvgh 0 L / D1 + L) D1 +2/6L; hblzb +2/6L; ul dbdi y bòbdg obemb hb `mtbd dg hbs ebrbetgràstmebs pir lmvgh, rgdildgbldi bfbki. D11; hblzb dis dbdis dg dmagrgltg eihir, smgldi gh D11; prm`gri his ‘dgem`bhgs‐ y gh sgculdi hbs ‘ulmdbdgs‐,
cglgrbldi ul lû`gri dg 22 b 11. VGCHB G_^HIUMQB DGH UGMU Umg`prg qug sbqugs ul 1 rgbhmzbldi eubhqumgr beemõl dg pgrsilbkg, tmrb ml`gdmbtb`gltg itri d1 y bcrgcb gh rgsuhtbdi bh titbh. Gsti gs beu`uhbtmvi; sm sbebs itri 1, vughvg b tmrbr y bòâdghi bh titbh. Eil suamemgltg sugrtg, pugdgs sbebr EWBHRWMGV lû`gri. Gl ei`fbtg, gsti tg pgr`mtmrâ `btbr b `ûhtmphgs Gsfmrris eil ul cihpg dg sugrtg. Gl itrbs smtubemilgs, pgr`mtmrâ qug ul pgrsilbkg sg sbhvg eiltrb ulb b`glbzb supgrmir b 1.
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GH CVW^I Tmglgs ul crupi dg eubtri bvglturgris. Ebdb uli pgrtglgeg b ulb dg hbs smcumgltgs ehbsgs; cugrrgri, ehírmci, pàebri, `bci, fârfbri (tidis gstis ou`blis), y glbli, `gdmbli i ghai. Ebdb ehbsg tmglg obfmhmdbdgs gspgembhgs y dgfmhmdbdgs sg gs obrâl durbltg gh kugci. ^ir gkg`phi, ulqug `bci dífmhgvmdgltgs gl ei`fbtg pgri gs fugli pbrb hblzbr ogeomzis y rgsihvgr begrtmkis. His ghais y his obhahmlcs sil `âs âcmhgs qug itris pgrsilbkgs. His cugrrgris y his fârfbris pugdgl rgsmstmr `âs ebstmci. His fârfbris sil his `âs duris, pgri li pugdgl usbr hb `gkir br`bdurb y li pugdgl usbr lmlcûl ifkgti `âcmei dgfmdi b su `mgdi supgrstmemisi b hb `bcmb. Wl fugl crupi cglgrbh`gltg tmglg ulb `gzehb dg ehbsgs. Tus pgrsilbkgs pugdgl sgr dg eubhqumgr cílgri, pgri pir frgvgdbd utmhmzb`is prili`frgs `bseuhmlis gl gh hmfri dg rgchbs. M`prm`g ulb eipmb dg hb Oikb dg Bvglturb bh amlbh dgh hmfri pbrb hhgvbr ul rgcmstri dg hbs ogrmdbs, pisgsmilgs, iri y lmvgh dg tus pgrsilbkgs. Gstis lû`gris eb`fmbrâl b hi hbrci dgh kugci, pir gsi gs prgagrmfhg usbr ul hâpmz y ulb ci`b dg firrbr. Tidis tus pgrsilbkgs ei`mglzbl ei`i bvglturgris dg prm`gr lmvgh. Wl pgrsilbkg sg dgsermfg pir su li`frg, lmvgh y ehbsg dg pgrsilbkg. ^ir gkg`phi; Frucci, lmvgh 6 pàebri. Ebdb pgrsilbkg tmglg ul vbhir dg Btbqug (qug dgsermfg quí tbl pidgrisi gs gl ei`fbtg), ul vbhir dg Dgaglsb (dgsermfmgldi quí tbl fmgl pritgcmdi gstâ i quí tbl obfmhmdisi gs pbrb dgsvmbr i gsqumvbr) y ul vbhir dg Qmdb (gh lû`gri dg ogrmdbs qug gh pgrsilbkg pugdg tglgr bltgs dg `irmr). Hb oikb dg pgramh tmglg gspbemis pbrb hbs obfmhmdbdgs gspgembhgs dgh pgrsilbkg (ei`i his ogeomzis dg ul `bci), tgsiris y gqumpb`mglti.
=
EVGBLDI TW CVW^I Bh prmlempmi dgh kugci, tus eubtri oírigs gstâl ei`glzbldi su ebrrgrb ei`i bvglturgris. Tidis sil dg lmvgh 2. Ebdb uli pgrtglgeg b ulb dg hbs ehbsgs qug sg dgsermfgl b eiltmlubemõl. His rbscis sil hbs rgchbs qug dmagrglembl ulb ehbsg dg itrb; gqumpb`mglti qug gh pgrsilbkg pugdg usbr obfmhmdbdgs, y hm`mtbemilgs. Ebdb ehbsg glu`grb tb`fmíl bhculis gqumpis fâsmeis y bhculbs `ilgdbs.
2>
CWGVVGVI Ebrbetgràstmebs; ul cugrrgri bòbdg su lmvgh b sus tmrbdbs Ebrbetgràstmebs; ul dg Btbqug. Wl cugrrgri pugdg usbr ul gseudi, ulb br`bdurb hmcgrb, ulb br`bdurb pgsbdb y eubhqumgr br`b. Gqumpi dg Mlmemi; Mlmemi; ul cugrrgri ei`mglzb gh kugci eil ulb br`bdurb hmcgrb, ul gseudi y ul br`b dg `bli. ^ugdg eb`fmbr su gseudi y br`b dg `bli pir ul br`b b dis `blis i ul brei sm hi dgsgb. Vmqugzb Mlmembh; 6d1 Mlmembh; 6d1 pmgzbs dg iri. ^ultis dg Qmdb; 1 Qmdb; 1 + lmvgh. Wl cugrrgri dg prm`gr lmvgh ei`mglzb eil 3 pultis dg Qmdb.
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EHÍVMCI Ebrbetgràstmebs; ul ehírmci bcrgcb hb `mtbd dg su lmvgh Ebrbetgràstmebs; ul (rgdildgbdi obemb bfbki) b sus tmrbdbs dg Btbqug, y su lmvgh ei`phgti eubldi btbeb b ermbturbs li `ugrtbs. ^ugdg usbr br`bdurb hmcgrb i pgsbdb y usbr ul gseudi, ul br`b dg `bli, ul br`b dg dis `blis i ulb oildb. Wl ehírmci pugdg hblzbr gh ogeomzi dg Fgldmemõl obstb trgs vgegs pir bvglturb. ^ugdg usbr gh pidgr dg Eurbemõl trgs vgegs pir kugci. Gstg pidgr hg pgr`mtg sblbr ulb ebltmdbd dg pultis dg vmdb mcubh b d1 `âs su lmvgh. Gh ehírmci pugdg usbr Eurbemõl gl eubhqumgr `i`glti, mlehusi durbltg ulb pghgb, pgri li pugdg btbebr gl gh `ms`i turli gl gh qug sblb b bhcumgl. ^ugdg usbr hb Eurbemõl gl sà `ms`i i gl ul b`mci. Gqumpi dg mlmemi; mlmemi; br`bdurb hmcgrb, gseudi, br`b dg `bli. Íh pugdg eb`fmbr su gseudi y br`bcglgrbh`gltg dg `bli pir ul br`b dg dis `blis. His ehírmcis prgamgrgl hbs br`bs eiltuldgltgs (`bzbs, `brtmhhis, gte.) pirqug hbs pismfmhmdbdgs dg gleiltrbr gsqughgtis y rbtbs gsqughítmebs gl hbs `bz`irrbs sil fbstbltg bhtbs. Vmqugzb Mlmembh; d1 Mlmembh; d1 pmgzbs dg iri. ^ultis dg Qmdb; Qmdb; 4 + lmvgh. Wl ehírmci dg prm`gr lmvgh tmglg 7 pultis dg Qmdb.
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^ÀEBVI Ebrbetgràstmebs; ul pàebri (i hbdrõl) bòbdg su lmvgh gl Ebrbetgràstmebs; ul tmrbdbs pbrb dgsbr`br trb`pbs y sus tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb. Wl pàebri pugdg usbr sihi br`bdurb hmcgrb y li pugdg usbr br`bs pgsbdbs i gseudis. Wl pàebri bcrgcb su lmvgh b sus tmrbdbs dg Btbqug sihi eubldi btbeb b ul sufirdmlbdi supgrbdi gl lû`gri, gs dgemr, sm gh crupi dg pgrsilbkgs eiltrihbdis pir gh kucbdir gs `âs lu`grisi qug ul crupi dg sufirdmlbdis. Gkg`phi; ul crupi dg eubtri mlehuygldi ul pàebri btbeb b eubtri ireis. Gh ehírmci dgh crupi `btb b ul irei, pir hi qug boirb his bvglturgris supgrbl gl lû`gri b his ireis gl 4 b 5. Eubldi hhgcb su turli dg btbqug, gh pàebri bcrgcb su lmvgh b su tmrbdb dg btbqug. Gsti rgprgsgltb bh pàebri dgshmzâldisg `âs bhhâ dg ul glg`mci y bpuòbhâldihi pir hb gspbhdb.
Gqumpi dghmcgrb Mlmemiy; ulb Mlmemi; eugrdb, cblzûbs pbrb egrrbdurbs, br`bdurb ul br`b hmcgrb dg `bli. Vmqugzb Mlmembh; Mlmembh; 5d1 pmgzbs dg iri. ^ultis dg Qmdb; Qmdb; 5 + lmvgh. Wl pàebri dg prm`gr lmvgh tmglg 4 pultis dg Qmdb.
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@BCI Ebrbetgràstmebs; ul `bci (i ogeomegri) bòbdg su lmvgh Ebrbetgràstmebs; sihi eubldi btbeb eil ogeomzis i gl tmrbdbs pbrb rgsihvgr puzhgs i begrtmkis. ^ugdg usbr sihi br`bs hmcgrbs i ulb oildb. Íh li pugdg vgstmr br`bdurb i usbr ul gseudi. Wl `bci ei`mglzb gh kugci eil dis ogeomzis, `âs ul ogeomzi pir lmvgh, pir hi qug ul `bci dg prm`gr lmvgh tmglg 5 ogeomzis. Gh `bci dgfg dgemdmr quí ogeomzis ob prgpbrbdi bltgs dg ei`glzbr hb bvglturb. ^ugdg prgpbrbr eipmbs `ûhtmphgs dgh `ms`i ogeomzi, i eubhqumgr ei`fmlbemõl dg his sgms ogeomzis pgr`mtmdis gl gh kugci. Wl `bci pugdg gleiltrbr ogeomzis bdmemilbhgs gl sus bvglturbs y bcrgcbrhis bh rgpgrtirmi dg ogeomzis qug pugdg prgpbrbr. His ogeomzis bdqumrmdis bh sufmr dg lmvgh sg pugdgl usbr dg ml`gdmbti. Gqumpi dg Mlmemi; Mlmemi; Br`b dg `bli hmcgrb, hmfri dg ogeomzis y utglsmhmis dg gsermturb. Vmqugzb Mlmembh; 4d1 Mlmembh; 4d1 pmgzbs dg iri. ^ultis dg Qmdb; Qmdb; 6 + lmvgh. Wl `bci dg prm`gr lmvgh ei`mglzb eil 5 pultis dg Qmdb.
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FÂVFBVI Ebrbetgràstmebs; ul fârfbri bcrgcb su lmvgh b sus tmrbdbs Ebrbetgràstmebs; ul dg Btbqug. ^ugdg usbr ul gseudi y ulb br`bdurb hmcgrb, y eubhqumgr br`b. Li pugdg usbr br`bdurb pgsbdb, lm pugdg usbr ifkgtis `âcmeis, pgrcb`mlis i piemilgs. ^ugdg b rgcbòbdmgltgs hb eurbemõl dg uldmvmli, ehírmci, yb qugbegptbr tíelmeb`gltg li gs `bcmb smli gh abvir y pugdg usbr bcub fgldmtb. Wlb vgz pir kugci, ul fârfbri pugdg rgbhmzbr ul Btbqug dg Mrb. Mrb. Durbltg ul Btbqug dg Mrb, tmrb gh dbdi dg btbqug trgs vgegs y ghmcg gh `gkir rgsuhtbdi. Um gh Btbqug dg Mrb cihpgb b ul `ilstrui kgag, gstg mlahmcg dis ogrmdbs. Gqumpi dg Mlmemi; br`bdurb Mlmemi; br`bdurb hmcgrb, gseudi y ul br`b dg `bli. ^ugdgs eb`fmbr su gseudi y br`b dg `bli pir ul br`b b dis `blis i pir ul brei. Vmqugzb Mlmembh; d1 Mlmembh; d1 pmgzbs dg iri. ^ultis dg Qmdb; 3 Qmdb; 3 + lmvgh. Wl fârfbri dg prm`gr lmvgh tmglg ? pultis dg Qmdb.
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GHAI Ebrbetgràstmebs; Wl ghai bòbdg su lmvgh b hbs tmrbdbs dg Ebrbetgràstmebs; Wl Btbqug y pugdg bvblzbr obstb gh 5gr lmvgh, `âxm`i. ^ugdg usbr br`bdurb hmcgrb i pgsbdb y pugdg usbr ul gseudi. ^ugdg hblzbr ul sihi ogeomzi pir lmvgh y bvglturb, pgri sihi hhgvb ulb hhgvbr br`bdurb hmcgrb btbdi y LI utmhmzb ul gseudi. Wlsmghai pugdg ul gseudi b hb gspbhdb y pgrdgr ul btbqug pbrb prgpbrbr gh gseudi. Wl ghai dg sgculdi lmvgh pugdg prgpbrbr dis ogeomzis y ul ghai dg tgregr lmvgh pugdg prgpbrbr trgs ogeomzis. ^brb pripõsmtis dg hblzb`mglti dg ogeomzis, gh ghai bcrgcb su lmvgh, ei`i ul `bci. Tmglg +2 b su Btbqug i tmrbdb dg eilkuri eubldi ei`fbtg ireis. Ei`i ul `bci, ul ghai pugdg gleiltrbr ogeomzis bdmemilbhgs gl bvglturbs y bcrgcbrhis bh rgpgrtirmi dg ogeomzis qug pugdg prgpbrbr. Hisml`gdmbti. ogeomzis bcrgcbdis bh sufmr dg lmvgh pugdgl usbrsg dg Gqumpi dg Mlmemi; br`bdurb Mlmemi; br`bdurb hmcgrb, br`b dg `bli, brei. Vmqugzb Mlmembh; 6d1 Mlmembh; 6d1 pmgzbs dg iri. ^ultis dg Qmdb; 4 Qmdb; 4 + lmvgh. Wl ghai dg prm`gr lmvgh tmglg 7 pultis dg Qmdb.
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GLBLI Ebrbetgràstmebs; ul glbli bcrgcb su lmvgh b hbs tmrbdbs Ebrbetgràstmebs; ul dg Btbqug, gxegpti eubldi usb br`bs b dmstblemb ei`i breis, fbhhgstbs u oildbs. Tmglgl +2 b sus tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb eiltrb trihhs, icris y cmcbltgs, y +2 b sus tmrbdbs dg Btbqugy usbr eiltrb cifhmls. eubhqumgr br`bdurb eubhqumgr br`b^ugdg y pugdgusbr bvblzbr obstb gh 4ti lmvgh, `âxm`i. His glblis pugdgl ihgr iri y kiybs. Eubldi tg gleugltrgs eil ul `ilstrui, sm tmglgs ul glbli gl gh crupi, hblzb ul dbdi y bcrgcb gh lmvgh dgh glbli. Um gh titbh gs 1 i `âs, pugdgs dgtgr`mlbr gh tgsiri dgh `ilstrui BLTGU dg dgemdmr btbebr bh `ilstrui. His glblis gstâl `uy bpgcbdis b su iri; ¡ul crupi eil 6 i `âs glblis li pugdg sifirlbr `ilstruis! Eubldi gleugltrgs ul tgsiri pugdb dmvmdmrsg (ei`i `ilgdbs), smg`prg dgfgsqug bsmclbr bh `glis ulb `ilgdb b ebdb glbli dgh crupi, sm gs pismfhg. Uil iragfrgs y gxpgrtis gl cg`bs lbturbhgs. Eubldi vgldgl ulb kiyb i ul brtàeuhi dg kiygràb, sg hgs pbcb ul 6>% `âs pir hb cg`b (rgdildgbldi arbeemilgs obemb bfbki).
Gqumpi dg Mlmemi; Mlmemi; br`bdurb hmcgrb, gseudi, br`b dg `bli, i br`bdurb pgsbdb y br`b dg dis `blis. Vmqugzb Mlmembh; 5d1 Mlmembh; 5d1 pmgzbs dg iri. ^ultis dg Qmdb; Qmdb; 7 + lmvgh. Wl glbli dg prm`gr lmvgh tmglg 1 pultis dg Qmdb. 23
OBHAHMLC Ebrbetgràstmebs; ul obhahmlc (i `gdmbli) sihi pugdg vgstmr br`bdurb hmcgrb y sihi usbr br`bs hmcgrbs y oildbs. Li pugdgl usbr gseudis. Bcrgcbl su lmvgh b sus tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb eiltrb cmcbltgs, trihhs y icris. ^ugdgl bvblzbr obstb gh 5gr lmvgh, lmv gh, `âxm`i. His obhahmlcs tmglgl ul lû`gri dg pultis dg Uugrtg mcubh b su lmvgh, `âs uli. Durbltg ulb bvglturb, ul obhahmlc pugdg cbstbr ul pulti dg Uugrtg pbrb vihvgr b rgpgtmr ulb tmrbdb dg Btbqug i Dgaglsb abhhmdb, i pbrb gsebpbr dg ul ei`fbtg sml rgemfmr ul btbqug (vgr ouygldi dg his ei`fbtgs gl hb sgeemõl Gleugltris). Li pugdgs vihvgr b rgpgtmr gsb tmrbdb, y gh rgsuhtbdi dg gstg hblzb`mglti gs pgr`blgeg, mlehusi sm gs pgir qug hb tmrbdb irmcmlbh.
Gqumpi dg Mlmemi; Mlmemi; `ueobs privmsmilgs, oildb, br`b hmcgrb dg `bli. Vmqugzb Mlmembh; 6d1 Mlmembh; 6d1 pmgzbs dg iri. ^ultis dg Qmdb; 5 Qmdb; 5 + lmvgh. Wl obhahmlc dg prm`gr lmvgh tmglg 4 pultis dg Qmdb. 2?
GRWM^I Gh dmlgri sg pugdg usbr pbrb sifirlbr `ilstruis, pbcbr his sgrvmemis dg eurbldgris y bhqum`mstbs, ei`prbr br`bs y itris gqumpis, i mlehusi rgsuemtbr b ul b`mci `ugrti. Ei`prb dg Gqumpi Gh gqumpi sg pugdg ei`prbr bltgs dgh kugci i gltrg kugcis. Bquà oby ulb hmstb dg brtàeuhis brtàeuhis qug ul pgrsilbkg pgrsilbkg pugdg ei`prbr, y su prgemi gl pmgzbs dg iri (p.i.); Qgldbkg ---------------------------------------------------- 7 p. iri Ogeomzi dg Fgldmemõl Fgldmemõl ------------------------------- 2>> p. iri Brei -------------------------------------------------------- 27 27 p. iri Br`b dg @bli ------------------------------------------ 1 p. iri iri Br`bdurb ^gsbdb -------------------------------------- 5> p. iri Qmbh dg dg Bcub Fgldmtb --------------------------------- 5> p. iri Hmltgrlb --------------------------------------------------- 4 p. iri Br`bdurb Hmcgrb --------------------------------------- 2> p. iri Br`b dg @bli Hmcgrb --------------------------------- 7 p. iri ^iemõl dg Eurbemõl ----------------------------------- 2>> p. iri Vmtubh dg Vgsurrgeemõl ------------------------------- 2>>> p. iri Eugrdb ----------------------------------------------------- 4 p. iri Gseudi ----------------------------------------------------- 7 p. iri Oildb ------------------------------------------------------ 4 p. iri Br`b b dis `blis ------------------------------------ 27 p. iri ^ugdgs `ivgr pmgzbs dg iri gltrg pgrsilbkgs gl eubhqumgr `i`glti durbltg gh kugci, pgri li durbltg ul ei`fbtg. Dgspuís dg tidi, sil b`mcis. ^ugdgl dgemdmr kultbr sus rgeursis pbrb bsgcurbrsg dg qug gh `gkir hueobdir dgh crupi ei`prg hb `gkir br`b qug pugdbl pgr`mtmrsg, i ul ogeomzi dg fgldmemõl pbrb qug ul 2=
eihgcb eilvgrtmdi gl pmgdrb pir ulb `gdusb vughvb b hb beemõl. Qgldbkgs; ebdb pgrsilbkg pugdg bphmebrsg vgldbs ulb Qgldbkgs; ebdb vgz pir bvglturb, sblbldi ul pulti dg vmdb pgrdmdi. Gh gageti vgldbkgsi gs beu`uhbtmvi eil hb eurbemõl `âcmebdg dghis piemilgs ogeomzis. His vgldbkgs li sg pugdgl bphmebr durbltg gh ei`fbtg. Ogeomzi dg Fgldmemõl; Fgldmemõl; his pgrsilbkgs pbcbl b hb mchgsmb hiebh pbrb hblzbr ul ogeomzi dg Fgldmemõl, pbrb ghm`mlbr ulb eildmemõl dgh kugci ei`i sgr `bhdgemdi i eilvgrtmdi gl pmgdrb pir ul `mg`fri dgh crupi.
Brei; Gstg Brei; Gstg pgrsilbkg pugdbl rgbhmeg ul sihi btbqug bltgspgr`mtg dg qugqug hisul`ilstruis betubr MLEHWUI eubldi his `ilstruis betûbl bltgs qug gh crupi. Gltilegs gh brei yb li sg pugdg usbr eiltrb his `ilstruis y sg supilg qug his pgrsilbkgs gltrbl gl ei`fbtg eugrpi b eugrpi. Gh usubrmi dgh brei dgfgrâ pbsbr ul turli pbrb cubrdbr gh brei y sbebr itrb br`b. Hbs ahgeobs sg eilsmdgrbl br`bs eirtbltgs. e irtbltgs. ^ugdgs supilgr qug ul pgrsilbkg hhgvb tidbs hbs ahgeobs qug pugdb lgegsmtbr, y qug su ebrebk sg rgbfbstgeg gltrg his kugcis. I sm li tg m`pirtb hb eiltbfmhmdbd bdmemilbh, pugdgs obegr ul sgcum`mglti dg euâltbs ahgeobs usb gh pgrsilbkg. Gh pgrsilbkg ei`mglzb gh kugci eil ul ebrebk dg 26 ahgeobs. Tidbs hbs ahgeobs usbdbs gl gh kugci sg pmgrdgl i dbòbl. Wl pgrsilbkg pugdg ei`prbr `âs ahgeobs, b ul eisti dg 1 pmgzbs dg iri pir dieglb. Gh `âxm`i qug ul pgrsilbkg pugdg hhgvbr gs 4? ahgeobs.
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Br`b dg @bli; gstg @bli; gstg gs ul br`b gstâldbr ei`i ulb gspbdb, obeob, `brtmhhi i `bzb. Ghmcg sm qumgrgs ul br`b bphbstbltg i eirtbltg.
Br`bdurb ^gsbdb; ulb ^gsbdb; ulb br`bdurb pgsbdb bcrgcb +6 b hbs tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb dgh usubrmi. Emgrtis btbqugs dg `ilstruis mclirbrâl gstb filmamebemõl. Hb br`bdurb pgsbdb obeg qug gh usubrmi sgb hglti, pir hi qug gl emgrtis ebsis, gh pgrsilbkg tgldrâ ul `idmamebdir lgcbtmvi gl sus tmrbdbs dg sbhvbemõl. Hb br`bdurb pgsbdb gstâ dmsgòbdb pbrb bdbptbrsg b ul usubrmi, pir hi qug li pugdgs rgbsmclbrhb b itri pgrsilbkg sm gh usubrmi irmcmlbh `ugrg. Qmbh dg Bcub Fgldmtb; Fgldmtb; Gh bcub fgldmtb gs bcub purmamebdb ergbdb pir ehírmcis dg bhti lmvgh b trbvís dg ul hbrci priegdm`mglti dg eblti y purmamebemõl gl ul rgempmgltg dg phbtb. Wl arbsei dg bcub fgldmtb, sm sg hblzb ei`i ul btbqug eiltrb ulb ermbturb susegptmfhg (vb`pmris, dg`ilmis), buti`âtmeb`gltg mlahmcg 2 ogrmdb b hb ermbturb. Hb mchgsmb rgstrmlcg gh usi dgh bcub fgldmtb, pir hi qug ul crupi pugdg ei`prbr ul `âxm`i dg ul vmbh pir pgrsilbkg. Hmltgrlb; ul crupi dgfg tglgr bh `glis ulb hmltgrlb Hmltgrlb; ul y bsmclbrhb b ul pgrsilbkg. Gsg pgrsilbkg dgfg usbr ulb `bli pbrb hhgvbr hb hmltgrlb y li pugdg usbr ul brei, ul gseudi i ul br`b dg dis `blis. Um sg `btb bh pirtbdir dg hb hmltgrlb, itri pgrsilbkg dgfg pirtbr hb hmltgrlb bh amlbh dgh ei`fbtg betubh. Tb`fmíl pugdgs dgemdmr hhgvbr `âs dg ulb hmltgrlb, pir sm bebsi.
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Br`bdurb Hmcgrb; Hmcgrb; gstb br`bdurb bòbdg +2 b hbs tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb dgh usubrmi. Emgrtis btbqugs dg `ilstruis mclirbl gstb filmamebemõl. Eubldi gh usubrmi irmcmlbh `ugrg, pugdgs rgbsmclbr hb br`bdurb hmcgrb b itri usubrmi dg hb `ms`b gspgemg (hb br`bdurb hmcgrb dg ul glbli hg qugdbrâ b itri glbli pgri li b ul ghai, `gdmbli i ou`bli). Br`b dg @bli Hmcgrb; Hmcgrb; gstg tmpi dg br`b hg db bh usubrmi ul -2 gl hbs tmrbdbs dg Btbqug. Ghmcg sm tu br`b obeg dbòi dg bphbstb`mglti i eirtbltg. (Dbcb, pirrb, gspbdàl, gte.) ^iemõl dg Eurbemõl; fgfgr Eurbemõl; fgfgr gh eiltglmdi dg gstg vmbh, mlehusi gl gh `gdmi dg ul ei`fbtg, rgstburbrâ hb Qmdb dg ul pgrsilbkg b su lmvgh mlmembh. Lmlcûl pgrsilbkg pugdg fgfgr `âs dg ulb piemõl dg sblbemõl pir bvglturb. Ogeomzi dg Vgsurrgeemõl; Vgsurrgeemõl; sg ei`prb gltrg pbrtmdbs pbrb tglgr hb ipirtulmdbd dg rgsuemtbr b ul `mg`fri dgh crupi `ugrti. Eugrdb; Gstb pugdg sgr lgegsbrmb pbrb btbr b ul Eugrdb; `ilstrui dgrritbdi. Gseudi; Gstg hg db ul +2 b hbs tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb dgh Gseudi; Gstg usubrmi. Gstg filus li sg bphmeb eubldi gh pgrsilbkg ouyg dg ul ei`fbtg i eubldi gs sirprgldmdi pir `ilstruis grrbltgs. Emgrtis btbqugs dg `ilstruis mclirbrâl gh filus dgh gseudi.
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Oildb; gstb br`b aulemilb ei`i ul brei, pgri gl -2. Oildb; gstb His priygetmhgs dg ul ebfgstrmhhi, tmrbeomlbs u oildb sg trbtbl ei`i br`bs bphbstbltgs.
Br`b b Dis @blis; gstb @blis; gstb rgqumgrg dis `blis pbrb sgr usbdb (bsà qug gh usubrmi li pugdg hhgvbr ul gseudi i ulb hmltgrlb) pgri db +2 b hbs tmrbdbs dg Btbqug dgh pirtbdir. Ghmcg sm tu br`b b dis `blis ebusb dbòi pir bphbstb`mglti i eirtbltg. (Gspbdõl, obeob dg fbtbhhb, hblzb, fbstõl, bhbfbrdb, gte.)
¹B^HBUTBV I EIVTBV9 Eubldi ghmcgs ul br`b pbrb ul pgrsilbkg, ghmcg sm sg trbtb dg dbòi bphbstbltg (`brtmhhis, `bzbs, `blcubhgs, gte.) i eirtbltg (gspbdbs, eueomhhis, obeobs, gte.). Hbs br`bs bphbstbltgs bphbstbltgs sil br`bs dg trbu`b eiltuldgltg qug sil `gkirgs eiltrb glg`mcis arâcmhgs, ei`i gsqughgtis, qug sg ri`pgl fbki his cihpgs. Gkg`phis;
@bli; `bzi, Br`bs Hmcgrbs Bphbstbltgs b ulb @bli;
gstbeb, cbrritg, ebeompirrb, fbstõl dg jgldi, luleobju, ebybdi, fbstõl dg `bci. Bphbstbltgs; fbrrb dg `gtbh, `bzb, Br`bs dg @bli Bphbstbltgs; fbrrb `brtmhhi, `blcubh. Br`bs Bphbstbltgs b Dis @blis; `bzi, @blis; `bzi, `brtmhhi dg cugrrb, cbrritg dg cugrrb, fbstõl hbrci, huegri dgh bhfb. Bphbstbltgs; fbstõl, oildb y Br`bs Brrikbdmzbs Bphbstbltgs; tmrbeomlbs.
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Hbs br`bs eirtbltgs eirtbltgs sil br`bs bamhbdbs i pultmbcudbs qug mlahmcgl dbòi `gdmbltg eirtgs y pgrairbemilgs. ^ugdgl sgr glvglglbdbs. Gkg`phis;
Br`bs Hmcgrbs Eirtbltgs b ulb @bli; @bli; dbcb,
eueomhhi, gspbdb eirtb. `bli; gspbdb, obeob, Br`bs Eirtbltgs b ulb `bli; gstiqug, sbfhg, hblzb. @blis; pmeb, hblzb hbrcb, Br`bs Eirtbltgs b Dis @blis; gspbdb b dis `blis, obeob dg cugrrb, bhbfbrdb, lbcmlbtb, chbmvg. Br`bs Brrikbdmzbs Eirtbltgs; ahgeob Eirtbltgs; ahgeob dg brei, pmvitg dg fbhhgstb, eueomhhi, kbfbhmlb, sourmjgl y obeob dg `bli. Bhculis
`ilstruis
sil
cihpgbdis
pir
+2
dgpgldmgldi sm ghgstmpi dg br`b gs hb eirrgetb, y pir -2 sm gh tmpi dgdg br`b mleirrgetb. ^ugdgs hhgvbr `âs dg ul br`b. Durbltg gh ei`fbtg, dgfgs pgrdgr ul turli pbrb mltgreb`fmbr br`bs. Blitb gl tu Oikb dg Bvglturb gh br`b ‘prgdgtgr`mlbdb‐ pbrb ebdb pgrsilbkg. Gsb gs hb qug usbrâs eubldi his `ilstruis grrbltgs tg smcbl i eubldi gltrbs b ulb obfmtbemõl i gstblemb.
Qgldgr Gqumpi Um vgldgs ifkgtis dg gqumpi, iftmglgs hb `mtbd dg su eisti gl pmgzbs dg iri, rgdildgbdi obemb bfbki. Gh gqumpi `âcmei pugdg vgldgrsg pgri li ei`prbrsg. Hbs piemilgs y his blmhhis glebltbdis sg pugdgl vgldgr pir 7> pmgzbs dg iri. Hbs vbrmtbs, pgrcb`mlis y fbstilgs sg pugdgl vgldgr pir 2>> pmgzbs dg iri pir ebdb ogeomzi qug eiltglcbl. Itri gqumpi `âcmei tg dbrâ lgti d1 x d1 pmgzbs dg iri. Gh gqumpi `âcmei dgsermti gl bvglturbs i suphg`gltis tgldrâ su pripmi eisti dg pmgzbs dg iri.
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EI@I BTBEBV B HIU @ILUTVWIU Tg gleiltrbrâs eil `ilstruis y, b `gludi, tgldrâs qug hueobr eiltrb ghhis. Ebdb `ilstrui tmglg ul lmvgh, ulb `gdmdb dg hi pghmcrisi qug gs. Gh lmvgh gs gh lû`gri qug dgfgs sbebr pbrb ogrmr bh `ilstrui, dgagldgrtg dg sus btbqugs i bagetbrhi eil ul ogeomzi.
Gkg`phi; Wl vb`pmri tmglg lmvgh 7, pir hi qug dgfgs sbebr ul 7 i `âs pbrb ogrmrhi, bagetbrhi eil ul ogeomzi i pbrbr sus s us cihpgs.
Wl btbqug b ul `ilstrui sg rgbhmzb eil ul dbdi d1. Cugrrgris, ghais, glblis y fârfbris bcrgcbl su lmvgh bh dbdi. ^ir gkg`phi, ul fârfbri dg tgregr lmvgh hblzbrâ d1 + 5. His ehírmcis bcrgcbl hb `mtbdul dgehírmci su lmvgh, rgdildgbldi obembsihi bfbki. ^ir gkg`phi, dg 67
tgregr lmvgh hblzbrâ d1 + 2. His `bcis bòbdgl su lmvgh sihi sm hblzbl ul ogeomzi. His pàebris bòbdgl su lmvgh sihi eubldi btbebl b ul sufirdmlbdi qug gs supgrbdi gl lû`gri pir gh crupi dg oírigs. Hb tmrbdb dg Btbqug sg `idmameb pir gh tmpi dg br`b; ul br`b b dis `blis bòbdg +2, y ul br`b hmcgrb, ei`i ul cbrritg i ul eueomhhi, rgstb 2. Bhculbs br`bs tmglgl filmamebemilgs eiltrb `ilstruis gspgeàameis, pir gkg`phi hbs br`bs bphbstbltgs eiltrb his gsqughgtis bòbdgl +2. Gkg`phi 2; Tu ehírmci dg lmvgh 7 btbeb b ul gsqughgti, usbldi ulb `bzb dg dis `blis. Hblzbs d1, +6 pir sgr dg 7ti lmvgh (hb `mtbd dgh lmvgh, rgdildgbdi obemb bfbki), +2 pir usbr ul br`b dg dis `blis, +2 pir usbr ul br`b bphbstbltg eiltrb ul gsqughgti. Titbh; d1+6+2+2. Litb dgh trbduetir; Um gh gsqughgti sg eilsmdgrb ulb ermbturb li `ugrtb gltilegs sg bcrgcbràb gh titbh dgh lmvgh dgh ehírmci, +7 gl vgz dg +6. (Qgr dgsermpemõl dgh Ehírmci / pâcmlb 26) Gkg`phi 6; Tu cugrrgri dg lmvgh 4 btbeb eil ulb gspbdb. Hblzbs d1 + 4 (gh lmvgh dgh pgrsilbkg). Gkg`phi 5; Tu `bci btbeb eil ulb dbcb (br`b hmcgrb). Hblzbs d1 -2 (pir usbr ul br`b hmcgrb). Li sg bcrgcb filmamebemõl dg lmvgh; ul `bci dg lmvgh 7 hueob ei`i ul `bci dg lmvgh 2.
His @ilstruis His `ilstruis sil dg dis tmpis; Ugeubegs (ermbturbs dg hbs tbfhbs dg fmeois i bhm`bòbs y sufirdmlbdis) y Kgags (ermbturbs dg hbs tbfhbs dg `ilstruis gxtrbòis y dg kgags). His Ugeubegs (`mlmils Ugeubegs (`mlmils i sufirdmlbdis) sg gleugltrbl gl crbldgs ebltmdbdgs. Tmglgl 2 pulti dg vmdb ebdb uli. Ebdb btbqug gxmtisi `btb b uli dg ghhis. Eubldi ul crupi dg sufirdmlbdis pmgrdg `âs dg hb `mtbd dg su lû`gri mlmembh (pir gkg`phi, sm ul crupi dg ? pmgrdg 7), his sufirdmlbdis rgstbltgs dgfgl obegr ulb tmrbdb dg `irbh. Tmrb d1 pbrb tidi gh crupi. Um sbebs 5 i `glis, his `ilstruis rgstbltgs ouygl. Um sbebs 4 i `âs, his `ilstruis tmrbdb dg @irbh pir eiltmlûbl gleugltri,hueobldi. b `glisVgbhmzbs qug gh ulb pgramh dgh 61
`ilstrui mldmqug hi eiltrbrmi. His `ilstruis eifbrdgs i vbhmgltgs pugdgl tglgr ul `idmamebdir +2 i -2 gl su dbdi dg `irbh. Bhculis `ilstruis luleb hgvbltbl hb `irbh. Gsti gstâ mldmebdi gl gh pgramh dg his `ilstruis. His `ilstruis qug ‘hueobl obstb hb `ugrtg‐ (vgr hbs rgbeemilgs dg his `ilstruis, b eiltmlubemõl) li pilgl b prugfb su `irbh. His Kgags Kgags sil `âs duris qug his sgeubegs. Tmglgl `ûhtmphgs pultis dg Qmdb, ei`i his pgrsilbkgs. Bhculis rgbhmzbl `âs dg ul btbqug pir turli. Ebdb cihpg gxmtisi eiltrb ul Kgag bcitb uli dg sus pultis dg Qmdb. Eubldi ul kgag pmgrdg `âs dg hb `mtbd dg sus pultis dg Qmdb, su lmvgh dms`mluyg gl uli, y dgfg obegr ulb tmrbdb dg @irbh. Hblzb ul dbdi, y sm gh rgsuhtbdi gs 5 i `glis, gh kgag ouyg. Um hb tmrbdb gs 4 i `âs, gh kgag eiltmlûb pghgbldi his pultis su Qmdb hhgcbl b obstb egri, gh gh amlbh. kgag Eubldi gstâ `ugrti, y su dg eugrpi y obfmtbemõl pugdgl sgr sbqugbdis gl fuseb dg tgsiris. M`pirtbltg; gh lmvgh dgh kgag ebg ML@GDMBTB@GLTG tbl prilti ei`i rgduegs gh titbh dg su Qmdb b `glis dg hb `mtbd. ^ir gkg`phi, ul kgag dg lmvgh 1 eil 7 pultis dg Qmdb sg eilvmgrtg gl ulb ermbturb dg lmvgh 7 eubldi mlahmcgs ul titbh dg 5 pultis dg dbòi. Gsti smclmameb qug gs `âs aâemh cihpgbr bh `ilstrui y gvmtbr sus btbqugs. @ilstruis qug ouygl His `ilstruis qug ouygl sm`phg`gltg dgsbpbrgegl dgh kugci. Li pugdgs pgrsgcumrhis. Bul bsà cblbs su tgsiri.
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6?
Vgbeemilgs dg his @ilstruis Gl cglgrbh, tu crupi tmglg hb ipemõl dg betubr bltgs qug his `ilstruis. Eubldi tg gleugltrbs eil `ilstruis, pugdgs; 2) Btbebrhis dg ml`gdmbti, i 6) Dgkbr qug his `ilstruis betûgl prm`gri y vgr hi qug ghhis obegl. Ebdb `ilstrui tmglg ulb tbfhb dg Vgbeemilgs fbki su dgsermpemõl. Tmrb d1 sifrg hb `gsb pbrb dgtgr`mlbr quí obrâ gh `ilstrui. ^brb his sgeubegs, obz ulb tmrbdb ûlmeb pbrb tidi gh crupi. His smcumgltgs rgsuhtbdis sil his pismfhgs; Iargegr ei`mdb y dgseblsi; dgseblsi; gh `ilstrui iargeg ei`mdb, dgseblsi y eumdbdi dg ogrmdbs. ^ugdgs eurbr ulb ogrmdb pir pgrsilbkg. Trblqumhmdbd; gh `ilstrui li btbebrâ. ^ugdgs Trblqumhmdbd; `ivgrtg pir hb obfmtbemõl ei`i dgsggs pgri gh `ilstrui li tg byudbrâ dg lmlculb `blgrb. Oumr; gh `ilstrui db `gdmb vughtb y ouyg. Gh `ilstrui Oumr; gh dgsbpbrgeg dgh kugci. LI pugdgs sbqugbr su eugrpi. Oumr sm sg gxegdg gl lû`gri; his lû`gri; his `ilstruis ouygl sihi sm oby `glis `ilstruis qug `mg`fris dgh crupi. Dg hi eiltrbrmi, his `ilstruis hueobl. Uifirli; his `ilstruis pmdgl ul sifirli (ulb Uifirli; ebltmdbd amkb i bhgbtirmb dg pmgzbs dg iri, ei`i sg `ugstrb gl hb tbfhb dg Vgbeemilgs). Um pbcbs gh sifirli, his `ilstruis tg dgkbrâl gl pbz. Um li pbcbs i li pugdgs, pghgbrâl. Hueob; his `ilstruis pghgbl. Ghhis vbl prm`gri gl hb Hueob; his rildb dg ei`fbtg. B his `ilstruis sg hgs pugdg gxmcmr qug pilcbl b prugfb su `irbh eubldi sg rgduzeb pir dgfbki dgh 7>% su lû`gri mlmembh dg pultis dg Qmdb, b 6=
`glis qug su pgramh i hb bvglturb bamr`g qug li rgarglbrâl su `irbh. Hueob obstb hb `ugrtg; gh `ugrtg; gh `ilstrui hueobrâ obstb hb `ugrtg, li pgdmrâ eubrtgh y li dbrâ lmlculi. His `ilstruis qug hueobl obstb hb `ugrtg li pilgl b prugfb su `irbh. ^uzzhg; gh `ilstrui hg pgdmrâ bh crupi qug rgsughvb ul ^uzzhg; gh begrtmki i rgspildb b ul glmc`b. Gh ^uzzhg tmglg ul lmvgh. Um sbebs gstg lmvgh i `âs gl d1, gh ^uzzhg sg rgsughvg y gh `ilstrui tg dgkb mr. His `bcis bòbdgl su lmvgh b hb tmrbdb dgh dbdi. Um gh ^uzzhg li gs rgsughti, gh `ilstrui btbeb bh crupi, ygldi prm`gri gl gh turli. Uihi tmglgs ulb ipirtulmdbd pbrb rgsihvgr ul glmc`b i begrtmki. @msmõl; gh `ilstrui tg pmdg qug rgbhmegs ulb `msmõl. @msmõl; gh ^ugdgs begptbr i rgeobzbr hb `msmõl. Um begptbs, obz ulb tmrbdb sifrg hb tbfhb dg @msmilgs pbrb dgtgr`mlbr tu `msmõl. Um ei`phgtbs hb `msmõl, tbl prilti ei`i rgcrgsgs b hb sbhb dildg tg gleiltrbstg eil gh `ilstrui, pbsb b hb tbfhb dg Vgei`pglsbs Ípmebs pbrb dgtgr`mlbr tu rgei`pglsb. Um rgeobzbs hb `msmõl, gh `ilstrui sg vb. Dgsbaài `âcmei; sm `âcmei; sm tu crupi tmglg bh `glis ul `bci i ul ifkgti `âcmei qug tg pgr`mtg hblzbr ul ogeomzi, gh `ilstrui dgsbambrâ b tu ogeomegri b ul dughi `âcmei. His itris pgrsilbkgs pugdgl li mltgrvglmr. Tmrb d1 pbrb gh ogeomegri, su`bldi su lmvgh, y sm gh rgsuhtbdi gs mcubh i supgrmir bh lmvgh dgh `ilstrui, gh `bci cblb; gh `ilstrui sg bhgkb y pugdgs ti`br su tgsiri. Um gh `bci gs dgrritbdi, pmgrdg ul lmvgh (ul `bci pugdg sgr dgcrbdbdi bh lmvgh >, pgrdmgldi hb obfmhmdbd dg hblzbr ogeomzis obstb qug rgbhmeg ulb tmrbdb dg Gxpgrmglemb (_^) y rgcrgsg bh lmvgh 2). Wl `bci dg lmvgh > tmglg íxmti gl ulb tmrbdb _^ sbebldi ul 6 i `âs (ulb tmrbdb dg 2 smcug smgldi ul arbebsi). 5>
Um li pugdgs i li qumgrgs begptbr gh dgsbaài `âcmei, i sm tu `bci pmgrdg gh dgsbaài, gh `ilstrui hueobrâ. His `ilstruis qug pmgrdgl ul dgsbaài `âcmei eugltbl ei`i dgrritbdis y eugltbl pbrb his pripõsmtis dg hblzb`mglti dg _^. Gspgembh; his `ilstruis gl bvglturbs pufhmebdbs y Gspgembh; suphg`gltis pugdgl tglgr itrbs rgbeemilgs.
52
UBHBU DG GLTVBDB Tmrb d1 pbrb dgtgr`mlbr euâh gs hb gltrbdb b tu `bz`irrb. Dmfukb gstb gltrbdb gl gh egltri dgh firdg mlagrmir dg hb oikb. Hugci, ghmkg ulb pugrtb y tmrb d11 `mrbldi gl hbs smcumgltgs pâcmlbs pbrb cglgrbr ulb obfmtbemõl. Eubhqumgr obfmtbemõl qug tglcb sihi ul eubdrbdi dg bleoi gs ul eirrgdir. Eubhqumgr eirrgdir. Eubhqumgr obfmtbemõl qug tglcb 6 i `âs eubdrbdis dg bleoi gs ulb obfmtbemõl. Gsti tmglg ulb mlemdglemb gl gh kugci, yb qug gs `âs prifbfhg qug his eirrgdirgs i pbsmhhis gstíl vbeàis. Ubhbs dg Gltrbdb; d1 (dg 2 b 1)
56
Obfmtbemilgs; d11 (dis dbdis; dg 22 b 11) Li gxmstgl his lû`gris 3, ?, =, 2> lm hbs ulmdbdgs bebfbdbs gl gsis lû`gris pirqug ul dbdi sihi tmglg 1 ebrbs (gk. 63, 5>, 43, 1>, gte.)
55
54
57
51
53
TBFHB DG EILTGLMDI DG HB OBFMTBEMÕL (6d1) TMVBDB 6 5 4 7 1 3 ? = 2>
22
26
EILTGLMDI Tgsiri gleiltrbdi; tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dgh Tgsiri. Tgsiri pritgcmdi pir ulb trb`pb. Hblzb gl hb Tbfhb dg Trb`pbs y gl hb Tbfhb dgh Tgsiri. Um gs ul eirrgdir, vbeài. Dg hi eiltrbrmi, pbsb b hb Tbfhb Dg Gvgltis Gspgembhgs. Qbeài, pgri obz ulb tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Ebrbetgràstmebs Gspgembhgs. Obz ulb tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Fmeois y Bhm`bòbs. Obz ulb tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Gsfmrris i Ugeubegs. Um gs ul eirrgdir, vbeài. Dg hi eiltrbrmi, hblzb gl hb Tbfhb dg Gsfmrris. Qbeài. Um gs ul eirrgdir, vbeài. Dg hi eiltrbrmi, tmrb gl hb Tbfhb dg @ilstruis Gxtrbòis. Tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Kgag. Hugci tmrb d1. Bcrgcb +2 pir ebdb kgag i `ilstrui gxtrbòi qug obybs gleiltrbdi obstb boirb gl gh kugci. Um su titbh gs 1+, i sm gh dmsgòi dg hb `bz`irrb gstâ ei`phgti, ei`phgti, gstg gs gh kgag amlbh. Qbeài sm gs ul eirrgdir. Dg hi eiltrbrmi, hb obfmtbemõl gs hb cubrmdb dg ul pgqugòi drbcõl (vgr hb tbfhb dg Kgag pbrb hbs rgchbs dgh drbcõl). Gh pgqugòi drbcõl eugltb ei`i kgag y pugdg sgr gh kgag amlbh.
Eubldi ulb obfmtbemõl i ul pbsmhhi gstâl vbeàis, tbh vgz sihi hi bpbrgltgl bsà qug… ^ugdgs fusebr gl ulb obfmtbemõl vbeàb pbrb dgtgr`mlbr sm oby bhci ieuhti. ^ugdgs tglgr sugrtg y gleiltrbr tgsiris gseildmdis, i mlehusi pmstbs sifrg his sgergtis `âs iseuris dg hb `bz`irrb. Hbs rgchbs pbrb hb gxphirbemõl sg gleugltrbl gl hb pâcmlb 1?. Uml g`fbrci, hb fûsqugdb gs ulb betmvmdbd pghmcrisb. His pgrsilbkgs dms`mluygl hb vghiemdbd, sg qumtbl his ebseis pbrb vgr `gkir, glvbmlbl sus br`bs pbrb mlspgeemilbr hbs eisbs, y su eilstbltg cihpgtgi gl hbs pbrgdgs y gh pmsi pugdg btrbgr btglemõl li dgsgbdb. 5?
TBFHB DG EBVBETGVÀUTMEBU EBVBETGVÀUTMEBU GU^GEMBHGU (d1) BVTÀEWHI
DGUEVM^EMÕL
2
Augltg; Tidis his pgrsilbkgs ogrmdis rgeupgrbl 2 Augltg; Tidis pulti dg vmdb hb prm`grb vgz qug gleugltrbl ulb augltg gl ulb bvglturb. Auturbs augltgs li tmglgl
6
5
4
7
1
lmlcûl Tg`phigageti. Fgldmti; Fgldmti; Wl Wl pgrsilbkg dg tu ghgeemõl cblb ul +2 gl Btbqug eiltrb `ilstruis i dg`ilmis li `ugrtis. Tbl prilti ei`i gh pgrsilbkg `btg bh `glis b ul li-`ugrti i dg`ilmi, hb filmamebemõl dgsbpbrgeg. Br`gràb; Tidis his pgrsilbkgs pugdgl eb`fmbr Br`gràb; sus br`bs sm hi dgsgbl, dgltri dg his hà`mtgs dg hbs br`bs pgr`mtmdbs pbrb su tmpi dg pgrsilbkg. ^ir gkg`phi, ul Cugrrgri qug gstbfb usbldi ulb gspbdb y ul gseudi pugdg dgsebrtbr su gseudi y ti`br ul br`b b dis `blis, i eb`fmbr su gspbdb pir ulb `bzb. Bhtbr @bhdmti; @bhdmti; Bh gltrbr gl hb obfmtbemõl, ul `mstgrmisi rgsphbldir g`blb dg ul bhtbr smlmgstri. Wl pgrsilbkg bhgbtirmi gstâ `bhdmti y boirb tmglg 2 gl sus tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb. ^brb ri`pgr hb `bhdmemõl, gh pgrsilbkg dgfg `btbr b ul `ilstrui kgag sihi, i gltrbr b ul Tg`phi Fgldmti (vgr 6, brrmfb), i rgemfmr ul ogeomzi dg Fgldmemõl hblzbdi pir ul ehírmci. Gstbtub; pugdgs Gstbtub; pugdgs mclirbr hb gstbtub i tiebrhb. Um hb tiebs, tmrb d1. Dg 2-5, hb gstbtub sg dgspmgrtb y btbeb b tu crupi (kgag dg lmvgh 4 eil 1 pultis dg Qmdb, ml`ulg b tidis his ogeomzis, sm hb dgrritbs, gleugltrbs 5d1 x 2> pmgzbs dg iri dgltri). Gl ul 4-1, hb gstbtub sg ri`pg, y gleugltrbs 5d1 x 2> pmgzbs dg iri dgltri. Ubhb eil ^uzzhg; ^uzzhg; hb sbhb eiltmglg ulb ebkb dg ri`pgebfgzbs. Uu lmvgh gs d1. ^ugdgs mclirbrhi i trbtbr dg rgsihvgrhi. ^ir ebdb mltglti abhhmdi, gh pgrsilbkg qug mltgltb rgsihvgrhi pmgrdg 2 Qmdb. His `bcis y pàebris bcrgcbl su lmvgh b su tmrbdb dg Uihuemõl dg Begrtmkis. Um gh puzzhg sg rgsughvg, sg bfrg hb ebkb; obz ulb tmrbdb dg tgsiri pbrb dgtgr`mlbr su eiltglmdi.
5=
TBFHB DG GQGLTIU GU^GEMBHGU (d1) TMVBDB
GQGLTI
2
Wl abltbs`b pbsb b trbvís dgh crupi. Tidis his pgrsilbkgs dgfgl dgagldgrsg argltg bh lmvgh 4 dg @mgdi i pgrdgr 2 vmdb. Wl ehírmci bcrgcb su lmvgh b
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5
4 7
1
gstb `ilstruis tmrbdb. His grrbltgs btbebl bh crupi. Tmrb d1; dg 2-5 tmrbdb sifrg hb Tbfhb dg Fmeois, 4 tmrbdb gl hb 2-5 Tbfhb dg Ugeubegs, 7 tmrb sifrg hb Tbfhb dg @ilstruis Gxtrbòis, 1 tmrb gl hb Tbfhb dg Kgag. Vgpmtg tmrbdb pbrb eubhqumgr pgqugòi drbcõl. Wl `ilstrui kgag hhgcbdi ei`i ul `ilstrui grrbltg li tmglg lmlculb pismfmhmdbd dg sgr gh kgag amlbh. Hb Db`b Fhbleb bpbrgeg y hg pmdg bh crupi qug ei`phgtg ulb fûsqugdb. Um begptbs, pbsb b hb Tbfhb dg @msmilgs. Um tg lmgcbs, ghhb dgsbpbrgeg. Mclirb eubhqumgr bpbrmemõl auturb dg Hb Db`b Fhbleb gl gh kugci. ¡Trb`pb! Tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Trb`pbs. Tg gleugltrbs eil ul eurbldgri grrbltg. Íh sblbrâ b tu crupi b eistb dg 2> pmgzbs dg iri pir pulti dg Qmdb sblbdi. Eurb tbltis pultis dg vmdb ei`i pugdbs. ^ugdgs gleiltrbr bh sblbdir sihi ulb vgz pir kugci. Um hi gleugltrbs gleugltrbs lugvb`gltg, lugvb`gltg, vughvg b tmrbr. Tg gleugltrbs eil ul bhqum`mstb grrbltg qug tg vgldgrâ ulb ^iemõl dg Eurbemõl pir `mg`fri dgh crupi (7> iris ebdb ulb) i ulb disms ûlmeb dg Qglgli pbrb hbs Br`bs Bamhbdbs (5> dg iri). Hb ^iemõl dg Ublbemõl eurbrâ tidis his pultis dg Qmdb pgrdmdis b ul sihi pgrsilbkg, y pugdg fgfgrsg gl eubhqumgr `i`glti ei`i ulb beemõl crbtumtb. Gh Qglgli tg pgr`mtg glvglglbr glvglglbr ulb sihb ahgeob i ul br`b eirtbltg (li ul br`b bphbstbltg). Gsb br`b tgldrâ ul +2 gl Btbqug eiltrb gh prm`gr glg`mci eiltrb gh qug pghggs. Gh Qglgli li aulemilbrâ gl `ilstruis li `ugrtis, dg`ilmis, hm`is, butõ`btbs i gstbtubs vmvmgltgs. ^ugdgs eiliegr b ul bhqum`mstb grrbltg sihi ulb vgz pir kugci. Um hi gleugltrbs dg lugvi, trbtb gstg rgsuhtbdi ei`i ulb trb`pb.
4>
TBFHB DG TGUIVIU (d1) TMVBDB > i `glis 2
TGUIVI Li sg gleiltrõ lmlcûl tgsiri d1 pmgzbs dg iri
6 5 4 7
6d1 pmgzbs dg iri Wl pgrcb`mli eil ul ogeomzi bhgbtirmi Wlb cg`b dg vbhir 6d1 x 7 pmgzbs dg iri Wl brtàeuhi dg kiygràb pir vbhir dg 5d1 x 2> pmgzbs dg iri Wl ifkgti `âcmei bhgbtirmi dg hb Tbfhb dg Tgsiris @âcmeis (vgr b eiltmlubemõl).
1 i `âs
42
TBFHB DG TGUIVIU @ÂCMEIU (d1) TMVBDB
TGUIVI
2
Qbrmtb dg Uugòi; Uugòi; pgr`mtg bh usubrmi hblzbr gh ogeomzi Dir`mr 5 vgegs bltgs dg qug sg bcitg su glgrcàb. Uihi his `bcis y ghais pugdgl usbrhb.
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4
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1
Uu`b gh lmvghei`i dgh usubrmi pbrb dgtgr`mlbr tmrbdb dg ogeomzis, hi obràbs eil gh ogeomzihbDir`mr hblzbdi pir gsg pgrsilbkg. Blmhhi dg Tghgtrblspirtbemõl; Tghgtrblspirtbemõl; hg pgr`mtg bh usubrmi pbsbr buti`âtmeb`gltg ulb tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb `ivmgldi b gsg pgrsilbkg augrb dg hb sbhb. Gsg pgrsilbkg li pugdg ti`br pbrtg gl gh ei`fbtg betubh, pgri vughvg b ulmrsg bh crupi tbl prilti ei`i tgr`mlg gh ei`fbtg. Dgspuís dg ul usi, gh blmhhi pmgrdg sus pidgrgs y sg eilvmgrtg gl ul sm`phg blmhhi dg iri eil vbhir dg 2d1 + 2 pmgzbs dg iri. Iri dg his Lgemis. Lgemis. Gstbs pmgzbs dg iri `âcmebs (pgri abhsbs) pgr`mtmrâl bh usubrmi sifirlbr buti`âtmeb`gltg bh prõxm`i `ilstrui qug sihmemtg si hmemtg ul sifirli. Li m`pirtb hi qug pmdb gh `ilstrui, bpbrgegrâ hb suamemgltg ebltmdbd ei`i pbrb sbtmsabegr su eidmemb. Gstg gs ul ifkgti `âcmei dg ul sihi usi. Br`b @âcmeb. Db @âcmeb. Db +2 b hbs tmrbdbs dg Btbqug dg su usubrmi. Gstg gs ul ifkgti `âcmei pgr`blgltg pgr`blgltg.. Tmrb d1 pbrb dgtgr`mlbr su tmpi; 2 br`b dg `bli hmcgrb bphbstbltg, 6 br`b dg `bli hmcgrb eirtbltg, 5 br`b dg `bli bphbstbltg, 4-7 4-7 br`b br`b dg `bli dg eirtg, 1 brei. ^iemõl dg Eurbemõl; sg Eurbemõl; sg pugdg fgfgr gl eubhqumgr `i`glti, sblbldi b ul sihi pgrsilbkg tidb hb Qmdb pgrdmdb. Gsti li rgqumgrg ulb beemõl. Gstg gs ul ifkgti `âcmei dg ul sihi usi, utmhmzbfhg pir tidbs hbs ehbsgs gxegpti his fârfbris. Fbstõl dg Fihb dg Augci; Gstg Augci; Gstg fbstõl hg pgr`mtg b su usubrmi hblzbr ogeomzis dg Fihb dg Augci dis vgegs, hugci sg bcitbl sus pidgrgs. Uihi his `bcis pugdgl usbrhi. Bcrgcb gh lmvgh dgh usubrmi pbrb dgtgr`mlbr gh hblzb`mglti dg ogeomzis, ei`i hi obràbs eil ul ogeomzi dg Fihb dg Augci hblzbdi pir gsg pgrsilbkg.
46
TBFHB DG FMEOIU ] BHM@BÒBU (d1) TMVBDB 2
6
5
4
7
1
EVMBTWVB 5d1 rbtbs. rbtbs. Lmvgh 2, sml tgsiri. Eubhqumgr pgrsilbkg ogrmdi tmglg ulb prifbfmhmdbd dg 2 gltrg 1 dg pgrdgr 2 Qmdb bdmemilbh dgfmdi b ulb ogrmdb mlagetbdb. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-5 ouygl, 4-1 pghgbl. 5d1 `uremíhbcis vb`pmri, vb`pmri, lmvgh 2, sml tgsiri. His ogeomzis sg hblzbl b -2 dgfmdi b sus eomhhmdis qug dmstrbgl. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-5 ouygl, 4-1 pghgbl. pghgbl. 6d1 crupi dg cifhmls, cifhmls, lmvgh 5, tgsiri -2, `irbh -2. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouygl, 6-5 ouygl sm his supgrbl gl lû`gri, 4 sifirli (7 iri x cifhml), 7-1 pghgbl. d1 emg`pmís cmcbltgs, cmcbltgs, lmvgh 5, sml tgsiri. Eubhqumgr pgrsilbkg ogrmdi pir ul emg`pmís cmcbltg dgfg gvmtbr gh vglgli dg lmvgh 6 i pgrdgr 2 vmdb bdmemilbh. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouygl, 6-5 ouygl sm supgrbl gl lû`gri, 4-1 pghgbl. d1 rblbs vb`pmri, vb`pmri, lmvgh 4, tgsiri -2. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouygl, 6-4 hueob, 7-1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg 6d1 rbtbs gsqughítmebs, gsqughítmebs, lmvgh 5 `ugrtis vmvmgltgs, sml tgsiri. His btbqugs dg br`b bphbstbltg su`bl +2 eiltrb rbtbs gsqughítmebs, pgri li pugdgl sgr btbebdbs eil breis y oildbs. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-6 ouygl, 5-1 hueobl.
His fmeois sil ulb sufehbsg dg gsfmrris. Dgrritbrhis li db tmrbdb dg Gxpgrmglemb (_^).
45
TBFHB DG UGEWBEGU ] GUFMVVIU (d1) TMVBDB
EVMBTWVB
2
d1 + 6 gsqughgtis gsqughgtis i d1 zi`fmgs zi`fmgs (7>% dg prifbfmhmdbd). Lmvgh 5 li-`ugrtis. Uml tgsiri. Hbs br`bs bphbstbltgs btbebl b his gsqughgtis gl +2. Hbs ahgeobs gl -2 beiltrb zi`fmgs gstâl luleb pilgl prugfb b`fis. hb `irbh.Gsqughgtis y Vgbeemilgs; smg`prg hueobl obstb hb `ugrtg.
6
d1 + 5 cifhmls. Lmvgh cifhmls. Lmvgh 5, tgsiri -2. His cifhmls tmglgl 2/1 dg iftglgr Uirprgsb (betûbl bltgs qug gh crupi). Um gs bsà, tmrb d1 gl su tbfhb dg rgbeemilgs b eiltmlubemõl. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouygl sm hgs supgrbl gl lû`gri, 665 sifirli (7 iri pir cifhml), 4-1 hueob. d1 oifcifhmls. Lmvgh 4, Tgsiri +2.
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Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouygl sm hgs supgrbl gl lû`gri, 665 sifirli (2> iri pir dugldg), 4-7 hueob, 1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg. d1 + 2 ireis. Lmvgh ireis. Lmvgh 4. His ireis tg`gl b hb `bcmb y dgfgl prifbr hb `irbh ebdb vgz qug uli i `âs `ugrbl pir ul ogeomzi. Um ul ogeomzi obeg qug su lû`gri ebmcb pir dgfbki dgh 7>%, pildrâl b prugfb su `irbh gl -2. Luleb tmglgl ifkgtis `âcmeis gl su tgsiri; gl su hucbr, trbtb eubhqumgr ifkgti `âcmei ei`i pmgzbs dg iri d1 x d1. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-6 sifirli (2> iri pir irei), 5-7 hueob, 1 pghgb obstb hb `ugrtg. d5 trihhs. trihhs. Lmvgh 7, Tgsiri; lir`bh. His trihhs sg rgcglgrbl, b `glis qug sgbl bsgsmlbdis pir ul ogeomzi, i qug ul pgrsilbkg usg ul btbqug pbrb eirtbr
7
ul `ugrti gl pgdbzis. li suegdg, tmrb ul trihh dbdiyb pir ebdb trihh `ugrti Um glgsti su prõxm`i turli. Eil ul 7 i 1, gh trihh vihvgrâ b hb vmdb y eiltmlubrâ hueobldi. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-6 hueob, 5-1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg. Um oby ul glbli gl gh crupi, his trihhs hueobrâl buti`âtmeb`gltg obstb hb `ugrtg.
1
6d1 Aulkms. Lmvgh Aulkms. Lmvgh 5, Tgsiri; lir`bh. Eubhqumgr pgrsilbkg qug rgemfb dbòi dg gstis oilcis cmcbltgs dgfg tmrbr eiltrb vglgli dg lmvgh 5 i pgrdgr 2 Qmdb. His obhahmlcs su`bl su lmvgh gl gstb tmrbdb. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-6 sifirli (d1 iri pir oilci), 5-1 hueob.
@bltíl ul rgeuglti dg tidis his gleugltris eiltrb gsfmrris. Uifrgvmvmr b 2> gleugltris eiltrb gstis tg db ulb tmrbdb dg _^ eil -2. 44
Gsqughgtis y zi`fmgs
Cifhmls
Oifcifhmls
Ireis
Trihhs
Aulcms
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TBFHB DG KGAG (d1) TMVBDB
@ILUTVWI @i`mb. Lmvgh 7 li-`ugrtis, 4 pultis dg Qmdb, 6 @i`mb. btbqugs, tgsiri +6. Tidi pgrsilbkg bsgsmlbdi pir ulb `i`mb sg eilvmgrtg gl itrb `i`mb y dgfg sgr
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ei`fbtmdi pir gh Fihb crupi. `i`mbs btbebdbs b +6 pir gh ogeomzi dgHbs Augci. Hbssil `i`mbs luleb pilgl b prugfb hb `irbh. Vgbeemilgs; smg`prg hueob.
Irei Frutbh. Frutbh. Lmvgh 7, 7 pultis dg Qmdb, 6 btbqugs, tgsiri +2 pgri li pugdg tglgr lmlcûl ifkgti `âcmei, gl su hucbr, 6d1 x d1 pmgzbs dg iri.
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Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 sifirli (7> iri), 6-7 hueob, 1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg.
Icri. Lmvgh 7, 1 pultis dg Qmdb, tgsiri lir`bh. Ebdb Icri. Lmvgh cihpg dg ul icri mlahmcg 6 pultis dg vmdb dg dbòi.
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Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 sifirli (5> iri), 6-5 hueob, dg 4-1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg.
@gdusb. Lmvgh 4, 4 pultis dg Qmdb, tgsiri +2. Bh @gdusb. ei`mglzi dg hb fbtbhhb tidis dgfgl tmrbr eiltrb ul btbqug dg `mrbdb dg lmvgh 4 i sgr eilvgrtmdis gl pmgdrb. His pgrsilbkgs pgtrmamebdis qugdbl augrb dgh kugci obstb qug sg hblzb ul ogeomzi dg Fgldmemõl sifrg ghhis. His pàebris su`bl hb `mtbd dg su lmvgh b gstb tmrbdb dg sbhvbemõl. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 sifirli (1d1 iri), 6 `msmõl, 5-7 hueob, 1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg.
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Ugòir dgh Ebis. Lmvgh Ebis. Lmvgh 1, 4 pultis dg Qmdb, 5 btbqugs, 6 tmrbdbs dg tgsiris eil +2. Bltgs dg qug ei`mgleg hb hueob, tmrb d1 pbrb dgtgr`mlbr sm gh Ugòir dgh Ebis tmglg pidgrgs gspgembhgs; 2-5 sml pidgrgs, 4 `bh dg iki (his pgrsilbkgs dgfgl tmrbr 4+ i gstbr b -2 gl tidbs hbs tmrbdbs dg dgaglsb obstb qug gh sgòir dgh ebis `ugrb), 7 drglbkg dg glgrcàb (eubhqumgr pgrsilbkg qug rgemfb
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ulb ogrmdb dgh sgòirdg dghaugci ebis dgfg tmrbr 4+ i pgrdgr 2 lmvgh), 1 gxphismõl dgh mlamgrli (bltgs dgh ei`fbtg, tidis his pgrsilbkgs dgfgl tmrbr 1+ i pgrdgr 6 pultis dg Qmdb: his Ehírmcis su`bl ° lmvgh b gstb tmrbdb) . Eubldi `btbs b ul Ugòir dgh Ebis, tmrb ul dbdi: eil 7 i 1 ul pgrsilbkg dg tu ghgeemõl gleugltrb ulb ^mstb (vgr hb pâcmlb 32) Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouyg sm hg supgrbl gl lû`gri, 6 hueob, 5-1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg.
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Drbcõl ^gqugòi. Lmvgh ^gqugòi. Lmvgh 1, 7 pultis dg Qmdb, 6 btbqugs, 5 tmrbdbs dg tgsiris eil +2. Gl ebdb turli dgh drbcõl, tmrb d1, eil 2 i 6 gh drbcõl gxpmrb augci, mlahmcmgldi 2 dbòi b tidis his pgrsilbkgs qug li dgamgldbl gl ei`pbrbemõl bh lmvgh 1 dgh bhmglti dgh drbcõl (ebdb pgrsilbkg su`b ° lmvgh, rgdildgbdi obemb bfbki). Um gh drbcõl li gxpmrb, `ugrdg b 6 pgrsilbkgs bhgbtirmis. His pgqugòis drbcilgs luleb pugdgl sgr `ilstruis bhgbtirmis. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 Dur`mgldi (tidis his pgrsilbkgs pugdgl btbebr b +6 gl su prm`gr btbqug), 6-5 sifirli (tidi gh iri dgh crupi, eil ul `àlm`i dg 2>> dg iri i ul ghg`glti `âcmei), 4-7 hueob, 1 `msmõl.
Dgrritbr b ul kgag db ulb tmrbdb dg Gxpgrmglemb (_^).
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TBFHB DG @ILUTVWIU G_TVBÒIU (d1) TMVBDB
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@ILUTVWI @mlitburi. Lmvgh 7, 4 pultis dg Qmdb, 6 btbqugs, @mlitburi. Lmvgh tgsiri lir`bh. Dgfmdi bh pidgr dg su ebrcb dg tiri, hb prm`grb tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb eiltrb ul `mlitburi gstâ gl -2. His `mlitburis idmbl b his obhahmlcs (gl rgbhmdbd, hgs glebltb dgvirbrhis). Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-6 sifirli (1> iri), 5-4 hueob, 1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg.
^hbcb dgh Omgrri. Omgrri. Lmvgh 5, 4 pultis dg Qmdb, 5 btbqugs, lmlcûl tgsiri. Hbs tmrbdbs dg dgaglsb eiltrb gh ei`gdir dg omgrri li tmglgl hb filmamebemõl dg hb br`bdurb pgsbdb (gseudi y br`bdurb hmcgrb sm). Um gh `ilstrui cihpgb, gh pgrsilbkg li rgemfg dbòi pgri pmgrdg su br`bdurb, gseudi, br`b prmlempbh i 5d1 dg iri, gl gstg irdgl. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouyg, 6-5 sifirli (d1 iri pbrb dmstrbgr b hb ermbturb, li pugdgs glcbòbr b hb ermbturb eil gh iri dg his lgemis), 4-1 hueob.
Rum`grb. Lmvgh 7, 1 pultis dg Qmdb, 5 btbqugs, Rum`grb. tgsiri lir`bh. Gl ebdb uli dg his turlis dg hb qum`grb, tmrb d1. Eil 2 i 6, hb qum`grb gxpmrb augci gl hucbr dg rgbhmzbr sus `ûhtmphgs btbqugs. Tidis his pgrsilbkgs dgfgl sbhvbr eiltrb gh augci dg lmvgh 4 i pgrdgr 2 Qmdb. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 sifirli (7> iri), 6-1 hueob.
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Ebtifhgpbs. Lmvgh 4, 4 pultis dg Qmdb, tgsiri +2. Ebtifhgpbs. Lmvgh Tidis his pgrsilbkgs bh ei`mglzi dg hb fbtbhhb dgfgl dgagldgrsg eiltrb ul btbqug dg `mrbdb dg lmvgh 4 i pgrdgr 2 vmdb. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouyg, 6-1 hueob.
Brbòb Cmcbltg. Cmcbltg. Lmvgh 7, 5 Qmdbs, 6 btbqugs, 6 tmrbdbs dg tgsiris. His pgrsilbkgs qug rgemfbl ulb ogrmdb dgfgl tmrbr eiltrb vglgli dg lmvgh 5 i pgrdgr ulb vmdb bdmemilbh. Dgfmdi b hb rgd dg hb brbòb, gh crupi li pugdg rgtmrbrsg dg gstb pghgb b `glis qug hblegl ul ogeomzi dg Fihb dg Augci
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pbrb qug`br hb tghbrbòb. Vgbeemilgs; smg`prg hueob.
Crg`hmls rifb Mlvmsmfhgs. Mlvmsmfhgs. fbldb dg crg`hmls mlvmsmfhgs d1 + 5 Wlb ifkgtis bh crupi. Dgfgs gltrgcbr ifkgtis dg eubhqumgrb dg tus pgrsilbkgs gl gstg irdgl dg prgagrglemb; ifkgtis `âcmeis, pgrcb`mlis, piemilgs, br`bs, cg`bs, `ilgdbs (gl pbqugtgs dg 2> iris ebdb uli). Um his crg`hmls rifbl TIDI tu gqumpi, dgkbrâl ul `glsbkg dg bcrbdgem`mglti qug eugltb ei`i pmstb. His crg`hmls li tmglgl gstbdàstmebs dg ei`fbtg pirqug gs m`pismfhg hueobr eiltrb ghhis. Gleiltrbrsg eil ghhis li db tmrbdb dg _^.
His @ilstruis Gxtrbòis sil gqumvbhgltgs b his Kgags. Dgrritbr b ul @ilstrui Gxtrbòi db ulb tmrbdb dg Gxpgrmglemb (_^). 4=
TBFHB DG FÛURWGDB i @MUMÕL (d1) TMVBDB 2
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IFKGTMQI ¡Trâg`g su ebfgzb! Hb ebfgzb! Hb ermbturb hg pmdg bh crupi qug `btg b ul `ilstrui kgag. Tmrb gl hb Tbfhb dg Kgag pbrb dgtgr`mlbr b qumíl. Hb prõxm`b vgz qug gh crupi sg gleugltrg eil ul kgag gl ulb obfmtbemõl, gl hucbr dg hblzbr, pugdgs usbr bh kgag dg hb `msmõl. @btbr bh kgag y hhgvbr su ebfgzb b hb obfmtbemõl dg hb ermbturb ei`phgtb hb `msmõl. ¡Trâg`g iri! iri! ^brb ei`phgtbr hb `msmõl, gh crupi dgfg trbgr ul tgsiri d1 x 7> b gstb sbhb. Um yb tmglgl gsb ebltmdbd dmspilmfhg, hb ebltmdbd rgqugrmdb pbrb ei`phgtbr hb fûsqugdb sg duphmeb. ¡Hi qumgri vmvi! Ei`i vmvi! Ei`i gh 2, brrmfb, pgri gh crupi dgfg si`gtgr bh kgag, btbrhi eil ulb eugrdb y hhgvbrhi b hb obfmtbemõl dg hb ermbturb pbrb ei`phgtbr hb `msmõl. ^brb si`gtgr b ul `ilstrui, dgfgs usbr gh ogeomzi Dir`mr i hueobr eil -2 gl tidbs hbs tmrbdbs dg btbqug (cihpgbr eil hb pbrtg phblb dg hb oikb i trbtbr dg liqugbr bh kgag gl hucbr dg `btbrhi). ¡Trâg`g gsi! gsi! ^bsb b hb Tbfhb dg Ifkgtis @âcmeis pbrb dgtgr`mlbr euâh gs gh ifkgti. Ebdb vgz qug gh crupi `btb b ul kgag, oby ulb prifbfmhmdbd dg 2 gltrg 1 dg qug tglcb gsg ifkgti bdg`âs dg su tgsiri, sm hi tmglg. ^brb ei`phgtbr hb fûsqugdb, gh crupi dgfg trbgr gh ifkgti b hb sbhb dildg ei`glzõ hb `msmõl. ¡Dgkb qug hb pbz sgb tu eb`mli! ^brb eb`mli! ^brb ei`phgtbr hb fûsqugdb, gh crupi dgfg ei`phgtbr bh `glis trgs gleugltris gl hb bvglturb dg ulb `blgrb li vmihgltb. Gsti mlehuyg rgbeemilgs ei`i sifirlis, iftglgr byudb dg `ilstruis, rgbhmzbr itrb fûsqugdb (¡li gstb!), i dgrritbr b ul `ilstrui eil gh ogeomzi Dir`mr y hugci btbrhi eil ulb eugrdb. ¡@btb b tidis his `ilstruis! `ilstruis! ^brb ei`phgtbr hb fûsqugdb, tidbs hbs sbhbs dg hbs `bz`irrbs dgfgl gstbr trbzbdbs y tidis his ieupbltgs dgfgl sgr bsgsmlbdis, eil hb gxegpemõl dg hb ermbturb qug glvmõ bh crupi b gstb `msmõl. Tbl prilti ei`i sg eu`phbl gstbs eildmemilgs, gh crupi pugdg rgehb`br su rgei`pglsb. r gei`pglsb.
Eubldi sg ei`phgtb ulb fûsqugdb, tmrb gl hb Tbfhb dg Vgei`pglsbs Ípmebs.
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TBFHB DG VGEI@^GLUBU Í^MEBU (d1) TMVBDB 2
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VGEI@^GLUB Gh Hmfri dg Ujbhmtis. Bh Ujbhmtis. Bh crupi sg hg gltrgcb gh hmfri dg ogeomzis qug pgrtglgemõ bh hgcgldbrmi `bci Ujbhmtis. Gstg eugltb ei`i ul pgrcb`mli dg ebdb uli dg his sgms ogeomzis. ^ugdgs ri`pgr hbs pâcmlbs y dmstrmfumr his sgms ogeomzis gltrg gh crupi pbrb utmhmzbrhbs ei`i pgrcb`mlis, i dgkbr gh hmfri tbh ei`i gstâ y bsmclbrhi b ul sihi pgrsilbkg. Gh hmfri gs vmgki y arâcmh, y sg dgstruyg sm gh pgrsilbkg qug hi hhgvb gs bsgsmlbdi pir gh bhmglti dgh drbcõl. Um li sg utmhmzb, gh hmfri sg pugdg vgldgr pir 17> pmgzbs dg iri bh amlbh dg hb bvglturb. ¡Gh iri dg Jgrrbj Dbr! Gh Dbr! Gh crupi rgemfg hb ufmebemõl dgh tgsiri qug pgrtglgemõ b ul glbli. Tbl prilti ei`i fusqugl gl ulb obfmtbemõl y cglgrg bh `glis ulb pmstb, pugdgl usbr gsb pmstb pbrb gleiltrbr ul eiarg ieuhti qug eiltmglg 7>> pmgzbs dg iri. Br`b glebltbdb. glebltbdb. Wlb dg hbs br`bs dgh crupi gstâ glebltbdb y boirb pugdg hblzbr dis dbdis pbrb sus tmrbdbs dg Btbqug, ghmcmgldi gh `gkir rgsuhtbdi. Gh br`b tb`fmíl pugdg ogrmr `ilstruis qug sihi pugdgl sgr cihpgbdis pir `bcmb. Gh glebltb`mglti durb obstb gh amlbh dg hb bvglturb. Gseudi dg Bdvgrtglemb. Wli Bdvgrtglemb. Wli dg his gseudis dgh crupi boirb gstâ glebltbdi y eugltb ei`i pritgeemõl mlehusi sm gh usubrmi gs sirprgldmdi pir `ilstruis grrbltgs i sm gh crupi ouyg dg ul ei`fbtg. Um gh crupi li tmglg gseudis, sg hgs dbrâ uli. Gh gseudi dg bdvgrtglemb gs pgr`blgltg y durbrâ durbltg tidb ulb eb`pbòb. Ug pugdg vgldgr pir 6>> pmgzbs dg iri. Ahgeob Bsgsmlb. Gh Bsgsmlb. Gh crupi rgemfg ulb ahgeob ahg eob qug mlahmcg buti`âtmeb`gltg 5 ogrmdbs b ul `ilstrui. ^bsb b hb tbfhb dg Kgag pbrb dgtgr`mlbr quí `ilstrui sg vg bagetbdi pir hb ahgeob. Hb ahgeob sihi pugdg sgr utmhmzbdb pir ul eiltrb pgrsilbkg ul brei. M`pbetb buti`âtmeb`gltg su eil ifkgtmvi dg `ilstrui dmsgòbdi. Wlb vgz utmhmzbdb, hb ahgeob sg ri`pg. Um li sg utmhmzb, sg pugdg vgldgr pir 5d1 x 27 pmgzbs dg iri. Uà`fihi Ubcrbdi dg Eurbemõl. Eurbemõl. Gh crupi rgemfg ul sà`fihi sbcrbdi qug sihi pugdg usbr ul ehírmci. Gh ehírmci obrâ tidbs hbs tmrbdbs dg eurbemõl b +6 obstb qug `ugrb. Eubldi gh ehírmci `ugrg, gh sà`fihi sbcrbdi sg pugdg ei`prbr b hb mchgsmb dgh ehírmci. Um gh sà`fihi y gh eugrpi dgh ehírmci bsgsmlbdi sg gltrgcbl b hb mchgsmb, ul mltglti dg rgsuemtbr b gsg ehírmci sgrâ pbcbdi pir hb mchgsmb. Um li sg usb, gh sà`fihi sbcrbdi sg pugdg vgldgr pir 3>> pmgzbs dg iri.
Ebdb rgei`pglsb ípmeb suegdg sihi ulb vgz pir eb`pbòb. @breb hb rgei`pglsb eubldi sg iftglcb. Um sbhg lugvb`gltg, vughvg b tmrbr obstb qug sg sghgeemilg ulb rgei`pglsb dmagrgltg. 72
@ivmíldisg b trbvís dg hb @bz`irrb Gh kugci li usb lmlcûl `idi air`bh pbrb `brebr gh pbsi dgh tmg`pi. His pgrsilbkgs sm`phg`gltg sg `ugvgl dg obfmtbemõl gl obfmtbemõl. Um gl ul gseglbrmi gs m`pirtbltg ebheuhbr gh pbsi dgh tmg`pi (pir gkg`phi, pirqug oby ul gageti dgh kugci qug ieurrmrâ dgspuís dg ul emgrti tmg`pi), supilcb qug ebdb obfmtbemõl i eirrgdir cglgrbdi gqumvbhg b 2> `mlutis dgh tmg`pi dg his pgrsilbkgs. Gsti pugdg pbrgegr `ueoi, pgri mlehuyg vgldbkg dg ogrmdbs, eiltbr `ilgdbs y dmvmdmrhbs gltrg gh crupi, dgseblsbr, ei`gr y `ueobs itrbs betmvmdbdgs `glirgs qug li lgegsmtbl sgr rgcmstrbdbs. ¹Tg gstâs qugdbldi sml ^bpgh9 Tus obfmtbemilgs pugdgl dmfukbrsg obstb gh firdg dg hb oikb dg pbpgh. Vgei`gldb`is utmhmzbrdgulb oikb 6> eubdrbdis dg bleoi pir 6? eubdrbdis b hti. bhti. Wlbdgoikb hmcgrb`gltg `âs pgqugòb i `âs crbldg aulemilbrâ fmgl. Um ulb obfmtbemõl i eirrgdir sg gleugltrb eil gh amlbh dgh pbpgh, hbs obfmtbemilgs tgr`mlbl boà. Um ulb obfmtbemõl vb bh firdg dgh pbpgh, mclirg hb pbrtg dg hb obfmtbemõl qug sbhdràb dgh pbpgh. Mclirb eubhqumgr pugrtb qug sg eilgetg eil gh firdg dgh pbpgh; gsb obfmtbemõl i eirrgdir gs ul ebhhgkõl sml sbhmdb. ¹Li oby gspbemi pbrb ulb Obfmtbemõl9 Um hb tmrbdb dg tu obfmtbemõl bh bzbr ergb ulb gstblemb qug li ebfg, pir gkg`phi pirqug sg mltgrsgebràb eil itrb obfmtbemõl i eirrgdir, eirtb hb obfmtbemõl; gs ul ebhhgkõl sml sbhmdb. Tidbvàb eugltb ei`i ulb sbhb i eirrgdir, sgcûl hb tmrbdb bhgbtirmb dg hb obfmtbemõl, y bûl sg obrâ ulb tmrbdb pir su eiltglmdi, mlehusi sm gs dg sihi ul eubdrbdi dg tb`bòi.
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Qihvmgldi Uifrg tus ^bsis B vgegs lgegsmtbs rgcrgsbr b hbs obfmtbemilgs qug yb obs vmsmtbdi. ^brb ebdb obfmtbemõl i sgeemõl dgh eirrgdir qug vmsmtgs, tmrb ul dbdi. Eil ul 2, tu crupi gs btbebdi pir `ilstruis grrbltgs. His `ilstruis grrbltgs smg`prg tg sirprgldgl, pir higlqug btbebl prm`gri, ei`glzbldi eil his pgrsilbkgs hb pbrtg pistgrmir dg tu irdgl dg `breob. Dgspuís dg ul turli, sm gstâs gl ulb obfmtbemõl, gh crupi sg gxtgldgrâ y pritgcgrâ b sus `mg`fris `âs dífmhgs, pir hi qug pugdgs dmstrmfumr his btbqugs dg his `ilstruis grrbltgs ei`i hi obràbs gl ul ei`fbtg lir`bh. Um gstâs rgmlcrgsbldi b ulb obfmtbemõl ieupbdb pir ul `ilstrui qug sifirlbstg, his `ilstruis grrbltgs li pugdgl bpbrgegr gl gsb obfmtbemõl. Tmrb ul dbdi dg Vgbeemilgs gsg `ilstrui. Um sg vughvg b sifirli, sbebr ul rgsuhtbdi dgpbrb sifirli, gh `ilstrui pgdmrâ itri y sm li hi pripiremilbs, btbebrâ bh crupi. Um sg hblzb itri rgsuhtbdi, gh `ilstrui tg pgr`mtmrâ `ivgrtg pir hb obfmtbemõl sml pgdmr lmlcûl sifirli. Ti`b litb dgh tgsiri qug hg dmstg bh `ilstrui: smg`prg pugdgs eb`fmbr dg ipmlmõl `âs tbrdg y ghgcmr btbebr bh `ilstrui sifirlbdi. Um hi obegs, rgeupgrbrâs tu tgsiri, bdg`âs dg eubhqumgr tgsiri cglgrbdi pir gh tgsiri dg gsg gleugltri, sm oby bhculi. Gh Kgag Amlbh B `glis qug gstís kucbldi ulb bvglturb yb prgpbrbdb, tu `msmõl prgdgtgr`mlbdb gs `btbr bh Kgag Amlbh dg hb `bz`irrb. Ebdb vgz qug tg gleugltrgs eil ul `ilstrui kgag, tmrb d1 y bcrgcb +2 pir ebdb `ilstrui kgag qug yb obybs gleiltrbdi gl gstg kugci (mlehumdb eubhqumgr ermbturb dg hb tbfhb dg `ilstruis gxtrbòis). Um sbebs 1 i `âs, tg gleugltrbs eil gh Kgag Amlbh. Cubrdb litb dg his kgags qug obs gleiltrbdi gl gh eubdri eirrgspildmgltg glpbrb hb Oikb Bvglturb. Eubldiqug tg qugdgs sml pugrtbs bfrmr,dg hb ûhtm`b obfmtbemõl 74
cglgrbs eiltgldrâ buti`âtmeb`gltg ul `ilstrui Kgag Amlbh. Gh Kgag Amlbh tmglg ulb Qmdb bdmemilbh, ul btbqug bdmemilbh y hueobrâ buti`âtmeb`gltg obstb hb `ugrtg. Gh tgsiri dg hbs pmgzbs dg iri dgh Kgag Amlbh sg trmphmeb, i bu`gltb b 2>> pmgzbs dg iri, hi qug sgb `gkir pbrb tm. Um tmglg ul ifkgti `âcmei gl su tgsiri, gleiltrbrâs dis ifkgtis `âcmeis gl su hucbr. @btbr bh Kgag Amlbh y sbhmr dg hb `bz`irrb pilg aml b hb bvglturb, pgri sm tmglgs ulb Fûsqugdb gl `breob, pugdgs eiltmlubr obstb ei`phgtbr hb `bz`irrb i hb `msmõl, pbsg hi qug pbsg prm`gri. Um oby bhculb pugrtb sml bfrmr gl hb obfmtbemõl dgh kgag amlbh, pugdgs mclirbrhb i bfrmrhb, ei`i `gkir tg pbrgzeb. Hà`mtgs dg Tmg`pi ^ugdgs gstbfhgegr ul hà`mtg dg tmg`pi rgbh, ei`i, ‘Kucbrí durbltg 47 `mlutis y hugci `g gleiltrbrí buti`âtmeb`gltg eil ul Kgag Amlbh gl hb ûhtm`b obfmtbemõl qug cglgrg, hueobrí gsb fbtbhhb, rgcrgsbrí sifrg `ms pbsis pbrb sbhmr y bebfbr gh kugci‐. ¡Qâ`ilis dg bquà! @btbr bh kgag amlbh y ti`br su iri li gs suamemgltg. ¡Gl sgrmi, tmglgs qug sbhmr vmvi dg hb `bz`irrb! His pgrsilbkgs gstbrâl bcitbdis, ogrmdis y (eil ul piei dg sugrtg) rbhgltmzbdis pir his eiargs dg iri qug hhgvbl, pir hi qug his `ilstruis mltgltbrâl sirprgldgrhis y sbhtbr sifrg ghhis. Tmrb ul d1 pir ebdb obfmtbemõl i eirrgdir qug tglcbs qug eruzbr pbrb sbhmr dg hb `bz`irrb, mlehumdb hb prm`grb obfmtbemõl. Eil ul 2, his `ilstruis vbcbfuldis tg btbebl.
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Dmvmdmr gh Crupi Gl emgrtbs emreulstblembs, gs pismfhg qug dgsggs dmvmdmr gh crupi. ^ir gkg`phi, gs pismfhg qug qumgrbs dgkbr ul pgrsilbkg pbrb pritgcgr gh eugrpi dg ul ei`pbògri ebàdi i glvmbr ul sihi pgrsilbkg pbrb ei`phgtbr ulb `msmõl. Gl gstis ebsis, ebdb vgz qug his `ilstruis grrbltgs sil hblzbdis pbrb gh crupi prmlempbh, sg iftmglg ulb prifbfmhmdbd dg 2 gltrg 1 dg qug bpbrgzebl `ilstruis vbcbldi tb`fmíl eiltrb his pgrsilbkgs qug qugdbl sihis. Dmvmdmr gh crupi gs `uy pghmcrisi. Oírigs Ebàdis Eubldi ul pgrsilbkg pmgrdg su ûhtm`i pulti dg Qmdb, sg dgsphi`b gl gh sughi, ogrmdi dg `ugrtg. Um gh ei`fbtg eiltmlûb, ul ei`pbògri pugdg beegdgr b eubhqumgr pgrcb`mli, piemõl, arbsei dg bcub fgldmtb, br`b, gseudi i ghg`glti `âcmei gl gh eugrpi dgh bvglturgri `ugrti, pgri pbrb obegrhi, gh eb`brbdb dgfg rglulembr b su btbqug gl gsg turli. Um gh crupi sg rgtmrb dg hb sbhb, ul bvglturgri pugdg hhgvbr gh eugrpi dgh eb`brbdb ebàdi sm hi dgsgb, pgri gsg pgrsilbkg li pidrâ obegr tmrbdbs dg dgaglsb y sgrâ cihpgbdi buti`âtmeb`gltg buti`âtmeb`gltg pir eubhqumgr `ilstrui qug hi btbqug. Wl eb`brbdb qug hhgvg b ul b`mci `ugrti gstbrâ buti`âtmeb`gltg gl hb rgtbcubrdmb dg hb irdgl dg `breob (pismemõl 5 i 4). Gh crupi pugdg sbebr b ul eb`brbdb `ugrti dg hb `bz`irrb `ivmíldisg b hb prm`grb sbhb dg hb `bz`irrb. Ug supilg qug dgkbl gh eugrpi rgemíl sbhmdi dg hb `bz`irrb, rgdmstrmfuygl gltrg ghhis eubhqumgr tgsiri i gqumpi qug hhgvbrb gh eb`brbdb `ugrti, y pugdgl eiltmlubr hb bvglturb sm hi dgsgbl. Um dgkbs ul tgsiri gl gh eugrpi dg tu ei`pbògri, oby ulb prifbfmhmdbd dg 7 gltrg 1 dg qug sgb rifbdi sm hi dgkbs sml pritgeemõl. Gs pismfhg qug dgsggs sbebr b ul ei`pbògri `ugrti dg hb `bz`irrb pir dis rbzilgs; pbrb dbrhg ul gltmgrri bdgeubdi i, sm pugdgs cbstbr 2>>> iris, obz qug hb mchgsmb hiebh mltgltg ul rmtubh dg rgsurrgeemõl. Tmrbdb d1; sm gh rgsuhtbdi gs mcubh i mlagrmir bh lmvgh dgh pgrsilbkg, gh rmtubh tmglg íxmti; gh pgrsilbkg vughvg b hb vmdb y pugdg 71
sgcumr kucbldi gl hb eb`pbòb. Um hb tmrbdb abhhb, gh dmlgri sg cbstb, pgri gh pgrsilbkg sg pmgrdg mrrg`gdmbfhg`gltg. Ug dgfg ghgcmr ul lugvi pgrsilbkg dg prm`gr lmvgh pbrb rgg`phbzbr bh bvglturgri `ugrti. Uufmr dg Lmvgh Ebdb vgz qug gh crupi `btb b ul kgag, ei`phgtb ulb `msmõl i sifrgvmvg b 2> gleugltris eil sgeubegs, ul pgrsilbkg dg tu ghgeemõl pugdg mltgltbr sufmr dg lmvgh. Gsti sg hhb`b Gxpgrmglemb i tmrbdb dg _^. Tmrb ul dbdi, y sm gh rgsuhtbdi gs `âs bhti qug gh lmvgh betubh dgh pgrsilbkg, gh pgrsilbkg cblb ul lmvgh. Um `btbs b ul drbcõl ei`i gh `ilstrui Kgag Amlbh, iftmglgs DIU tmrbdbs dg _^ (pgri ul `âxm`i dg ul lmvgh). Hbs obfmhmdbdgs qug pgr`mtgl vihvgr b tmrbr his dbdis, ei`i hb sugrtg dgh obhahmlc, LI sg pugdgl usbr gl hbs tmrbdbs dg _^. Hbs tmrbdbs dg _^ pbrb his sgeubegs gstâl gl -2. Li pugdgs mltgltbr sufmr dg lmvgh eil gh `ms`i pgrsilbkg dis vgegs sgcumdbs. Gkg`phi; Dihhi`, ul `bci dg lmvgh 5, gstâ gl g l ul crupi qug hicrb `btbr b ul Ugòir dgh Ebis. Dbdi qug gh Ugòir dgh Ebis gs ul kgag, gh kucbdir dgemdg mltgltbr ulb tmrbdb dg _^ pbrb Dihhi`. His kucbdirgs hblzbl ul 5, qug li gs `âs bhti qug gh lmvgh betubh dg Dihhi`, pir hi qug Dihhi` smcug smgldi ul `bci dg lmvgh 5. @âs tbrdg gl hb bvglturb, gh crupi `btb b ul drbcõl. Gh kucbdir mltgltb sufmr dg lmvgh b Dihhi` lugvb`gltg. @btbr b ul drbcõl db dis tmrbdbs _^.dg Ghlmvgh kucbdir d1, iftmglg pultubemõl dg 7, pir hi qug Dihhi` dg sufg y sgtmrb eilvmgrtg gl ululb `bci dg lmvgh 4. Gh kucbdir boirb pugdg usbr hb sgculdb tmrbdb dg _^ pbrb itri pgrsilbkg, yb qug pugdg tglgr ul `âxm`i dg ul bu`glti dg lmvgh pir gleugltri eil ul pgrsilbkg. Um hb tmrbdb dg _^ dg Dihhi` oufmgrb abhhbdi, gh kucbdir pidràb obfgr usbdi hb sgculdb tmrbdb dg _^ pbrb mltgltbr sufmr dg lmvgh lugvb`gltg b Dihhi`.
Lmvgh @âxm`i Wlb vgz qug ul pgrsilbkg bheblzb gh lmvgh 7 (sihi hb rbzb ou`blb), ob bheblzbdi su pulti `âxm`i y yb li pugdg sufmr `âs dg lmvgh. His glblis bheblzbl su pulti `âxm`i gh lmvghgl4.ghHis ghais su pultigl `âxm`i lmvgh 5. y his obhahmlcs bheblzbl 73
Bu`gltbr hb Qmdb eil gh Lmvgh Wl pgrsilbkg qug sufg ul lmvgh cblb ul pulti dg Qmdb. His suphg`gltis dg eb`pbòbs yb prgpbrbdbs pugdgl tglgr rgchbs dmagrgltgs pbrb sufmr lmvghgs, sgcûl hb trb`b dg hb bvglturb. Gl gh suphg`glti ‘Eubtri Eiltrb hb ‐
Iseurmdbd; Hbs @bz`irrbs ^riauldbs , dg hisgxpgrtis pgrsilbkgs tmglgl hb ipemõl dg ti`br obfmhmdbdgs gl hucbr dg sufmr dg lmvgh.
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OGEOM[IU Oby sgms ogeomzis fâsmeis gl gh kugci. Hb Fgldmemõl pugdg sgr hblzbdb pir `bcis y ehírmcis. Tidis his itris ogeomzis sihi pugdgl sgr hblzbdis pir `bcis y ghais. Hblzbr ul ogeomzi gs ulb beemõl gqumvbhgltg b Btbebr gl ei`fbtg. His ogeomzis sg pugdgl hblzbr durbltg ul ei`fbtg eugrpi b eugrpi. Wl ogeomegri pugdg btbebr eil lir`bhmdbd i hblzbr ul ogeomzi, li b`fis. Gh ogeomzi dg Gsebpbdb pugdg sgr hblzbdi gl hucbr dg obegr ulb tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb. Gs gh ûlmei ogeomzi qug sg pugdg hblzbr durbltg gh turli dg his `ilstruis. Fgldmemõl; Gstg ogeomzi ghm`mlb ulb `bhdmemõl dg ul Fgldmemõl; Gstg pgrsilbkg. Wlb `bhdmemõl gs ul gageti dgh kugci qug sg iftmglg bh gltrbr gl ulb obfmtbemõl `bhdmtb. Hb fgldmemõl tb`fmíl ghm`mlbrâ itrbs eildmemilgs, ei`i sgr eilvgrtmdi gl pmgdrb pir ulb `gdusb. Fihb dg Augci; Gstg Augci; Gstg ogeomzi aulemilb ei`i ulb tmrbdb dg Btbqug. Gh `bci bòbdg su lmvgh b hb tmrbdb. Hb fihb dg augci li bagetb b his drbcilgs (pgri sà bagetb b his drbcilgs li-`ugrtis). Um sg usb eiltrb his sgeubegs, hb fihb dg augci `btb b ulb ebltmdbd dg ermbturbs mcubh b hb tmrbdb dgh ogeomegri `glis gh lmvgh dg his sgeubegs. Wl `àlm`i dg ulb ermbturb smg`prg gs bsgsmlbdb. Gkg`phi; Wl `bci dg lmvgh 2 hblzb ulb fihb dg augci b ul crupi dg cifhmls (sgeubegs dg lmvgh 5). Gh `bci sbeb ul 7 + 2 0 1 gl titbh, pir hi qug (1-5) 0 5 cifhmls `ugrgl.
Vbyi (i Vghâ`pbci); Gstg Vghâ`pbci); Gstg ogeomzi aulemilb ei`i ulb tmrbdb dg Btbqug. His `bcis bòbdgl su lmvgh b hb tmrbdb. Eiltrb ul crupi dg gsfmrris, gh ogeomzi `btbrâ b uli sihi sm cihpgb. Eiltrb ul kgag, mlahmcg 6 pultis dg Qmdb sm cihpgb. 7=
Dir`mr; gstg ogeomzi aulemilb ei`i ulb tmrbdb dg Dir`mr; Btbqug. Li bagetb b `ugrtis vmvmgltgs i drbcilgs. Gh `bci bcrgcb su lmvgh b hb tmrbdb. Dir`mr dgrritbrâ b ul kgag i d1 + Lmvgh dg gsfmrris sm cihpgb eil íxmti. His `ilstruis pugstis b dir`mr eugltbl ei`i `ugrtis… Gsebpbdb; gh `bci dgsbpbrgeg dg su ufmebemõl betubh Gsebpbdb; gh y rgbpbrgeg gl hb prm`grb sbhb dgh kugci. Gstg ogeomzi pugdg sgr hblzbdi gl hucbr dg obegr ulb tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb, i pugdg sgr hblzbdi lir`bh`gltg gl gh turli dgh crupi. Aulemilb buti`âtmeb`gltg. ^ritgcgr; Gstg ogeomzi db +2 b hbs tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb ^ritgcgr; Gstg dg ul sihi pgrsilbkg durbltg tidb hb fbtbhhb.
Tbfhb dg Ogeomzis Bhgbtirmis (d1) TMVBDB 2 6 5 4
OGEOM[I Fgldmemõl Fihb dg Augci Vbyi (i Vghâ`pbci) Dir`mr
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Gsebpbdb ^ritgcgr
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GLEWGLTVIU Eubldi tu crupi gltrb gl ulb obfmtbemõl y sg gleugltrb eil `ilstruis, tmglgs dis ipemilgs; 2) Betûbs 2) Betûbs prm`gri y btbebs b his `ilstruis, i 6) Gspgrbs 6) Gspgrbs y vgs hi qug obegl his `ilstruis. Um btbebs dg ml`gdmbti, ml`gdmbti, tus pgrsilbkgs rgbhmzbrâl tmrbdbs dg Btbqug y hbs dmvmdmrâl pir gh lmvgh dg `ilstruis, ebheuhbldi euâltis `ilstruis `ugrgl pir gh btbqug. Gkg`phi; Wl cugrrgri hblzb ul btbqug titbh dg 3 eubldi btbeb b ul crupi dg cifhmls (lmvgh 5). Gh btbqug `btb b 6 cifhmls (uli eil his prm`gris 5 pultis, itri eil his itris 5 pultis, y gh pulti gxtrb sg dgspgrdmemb).
Tus pgrsilbkgs pugdgl btbebr gl gh irdgl qug dgsggs. Uihi his `ilstruis qug sifrgvmvgl, eubldi gh turli dg tu crupi tgr`mlb y gh dgh `ilstrui ei`mglzb, tmglgl hb ipirtulmdbd dg dgvihvgr gh cihpg b tus pgrsilbkgs. Um li btbebs ml`gdmbtb`gltg, ml`gdmbtb`gltg, gh `ilstrui mrâ prm`gri. Tmrb d1 gl hb Tbfhb dg Vgbeemõl dg gsg `ilstrui pbrb dgtgr`mlbr quí obegl his `ilstruis. Bhculis `ilstruis smg`prg btbebrâl, pir hi qug li tmglg sgltmdi dgkbrhis tglgr hb mlmembtmvb. Ei`i sg dgsermfg gl hbs pâcmlbs 6=-52, bhculis `ilstruis oumrâl, begptbrâl ul sifirli i mlehusi tg pgdmrâl qug rgbhmegs ulb `msmõl. Um his `ilstruis tg ti`bl pir sirprgsb (¡eumdbdi eil gsis cifhmls aurtmvis!), Betubrâl prm`gri. ^bsb b hb Tbfhb dg Vgbeemilgs pbrb dgtgr`mlbr hi qug obegl.
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Irdgl dg @breob Dgfgs dgemdmr gl quí irdgl his pgrsilbkgs `breobl pir hb `bz`irrb. Wsb `mlmbturbs i eiltbdirgs pbrb rgprgsgltbr gsti, i gsermfg gh irdgl dg `breob gl hb Oikb dg Bvglturb sm`phg`gltg gsermfmgldi ul lû`gri (2, 6, 5 iirdgl 4) bh hbdi dgh li`frg ^ugdgs eb`fmbr su dg `breob ebdb dgh vgzpgrsilbkg. qug sg gleugltrgl gl ulb obfmtbemõl i eirrgdir vbeài. Li pugdgs eb`fmbr tu irdgl dg `breob `mgltrbs hueobs. Irdgl dg `breob gl his pbsmhhis; ul pbsmhhis; ul eirrgdir gs hi suamemgltg`gltg crbldg ei`i pbrb pgr`mtmr qug dis pgrsilbkgs eb`mlgl uli bh hbdi dgh itri, pir hi qug ul crupi dg eubtri pgrsilbkgs tgldrâ dis pgrsilbkgs gl gh argltg (hucbrgs 2 y 6) y dis gl hb pbrtg pistgrmir (hucbrgs 5 y 4). Wl crupi dg trgs pgrsilbkgs tgldrâ dis pgrsilbkgs gl gh5). argltg y 6) y uli gl hb pbrtg pistgrmir (hucbr Um gh (hucbrgs crupi sg2rgdueg b 6 pgrsilbkgs, b`fis eugltbl ei`i qug gstâl bh argltg, pgri b`fis sgrâl btbebdis pir hb rgtbcubrdmb sm sil sirprgldmdis pir `ilstruis grrbltgs (vgr @ilstruis Grrbltgs, pâcmlb 1=). Gl ul pbsmhhi, sihi his pgrsilbkgs gl his hucbrgs 2 y 6 pugdgl hueobr, `mgltrbs qug his pgrsilbkgs gl his hucbrgs 5 y 4 sihi pugdgl hblzbr ogeomzis i btbebr sifrg hbs ebfgzbs dg sus b`mcis sm tmglgl ul brei i ulb oildb. Hb `ms`b rgstrmeemõl sg bphmeb b his `ilstruis; eubldi tg gleugltrbs eil ul crupi dg `ilstruis gl ul eirrgdir, sihi dis dg ghhis pidrâl btbebr b tus pgrsilbkgs. Irdgl dg `breob gl hbs obfmtbemilgs; obfmtbemilgs; gh irdgl dg `breob gs mrrghgvbltg eubldi gh crupi gltrb gl ulb obfmtbemõl. Hbs obfmtbemilgs sil hi suamemgltg`gltg crbldgs ei`i pbrb qug tidis his pgrsilbkgs pugdbl hueobr. Uml g`fbrci, his pgrsilbkgs eil breis y oildbs pugdgl usbrhis sihi gl gh prm`gr turli. Dgspuís dg gsti, sg glargltbrâl gl ei`fbtg eugrpi b eugrpi. ei`fbtg eugrpi b eugrpi, sg supilg qug tidis his Gl pgrsilbkgs 16
g`puòbl sus br`bs dg ei`fbtg eugrpi b eugrpi i, sm li tmglgl lmlculb, pghgbrâl dgsbr`bdis b -6 gl hbs tmrbdbs dg Btbqug, usbldi cihpgs y pbtbdbs. His ogeomzis sg pugdgl hblzbr dg air`b lir`bh gl hbs obfmtbemilgs. His hblzbdirgs dg ogeomzis sil hi suamemgltg`gltg ul btbqug eugrpi b eugrpi yaugrtgs bul bsà ei`i pidgr pbrb argàr brgsmstmr sus glg`mcis eil ulb Fihb dg Augci. ¹Euâldi btbebl his @ilstruis9 Dgspuís dg qug tidis his pgrsilbkgs dgh crupi obybl rgbhmzbdi ulb beemõl ebdb uli (btbqug, hblzb`mglti dg ogeomzi, eurbemõl), sil his `ilstruis his qug btbebl, sm gs qug bhculi ob sifrgvmvmdi bh btbqug dgh crupi. His `ilstruis li tmrbdb tmrbl dbdis; his pgrsilbkgs qug sil btbebdis obegl ulb dg Dgaglsb eiltrb gh lmvgh dg his `ilstruis. Hb tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb sg `idmameb pir br`bdurb, gseudi y pir lmvgh dgh pgrsilbkg gl gh ebsi dg his pàebris. @idmamebdirgs dg Tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb
Br`bdurb Hmcgrb +2 Br`bdurb ^gsbdb +6 Gseudi +2 ^àebri; bòbdg gh lmvgh dgh pàebri Glbli; dgaglsb eiltrb trihhs i cmcbltgs +2 Obhahmlc; dgaglsb eiltrb trihhs, cmcbltgs y icris su`b gh lmvgh dgh obhahmlc.
Wlb tmrbdb dg 2 gs smg`prg ul abhhi. Wlb tmrbdb dg 1 gs smg`prg ulb Dgaglsb gxmtisb. Emgrtis btbqugs bluhbl gh filus dg br`bdurb i gseudi. His btbqugs sirprgsb dg his `ilstruis grrbltgs qug sg begrebl smcmhisb`gltg bh crupi bluhbl hb filmamebemõl dg his gseudis.
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Íxmti dg hb Tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb; sm Dgaglsb; sm gh pgrsilbkg sbeb ul lû`gri `âs bhti qug gh lmvgh dgh `ilstrui, i sm sbeb ul 1 lbturbh (sml `idmamebr), gh pgrsilbkg li rgemfg dbòi dgh btbqug. Arbebsi dg hb Tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb; Dgaglsb; sm tu tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb gs mcubh i `glir qug gh lmvgh dgh `ilstrui, i sm gh pgrsilbkg tmrb y sbeb ul 2 lbturbh (sml `idmamebr), gh pgrsilbkg rgemfg WLB ogrmdb. Firrb ul pulti dg vmdb dgh pgramh dgh pgrsilbkg. Bhculis `ilstruis pidgrisis mlahmcgl DIU ogrmdbs gl ul cihpg gxmtisi, ei`i sg gxphmeb gl su Tbfhb dg @ilstruis. ¹Rumíl gs Btbebdi9 Rumgl gs btbebdi pir `ilstruis dgpgldg dg trgs abetirgs; 2) Lû`gri dg `ilstruis. 6) Tu irdgl dg `breob. 5) Um gstâs gl ulb obfmtbemõl i ul pbsmhhi. Gl gstblembs eil `glis `ilstruis qug pgrsilbkgs; pgrsilbkgs; ebdb `ilstrui DGFG btbebr b ul pgrsilbkg dmagrgltg. Gh irdgl dg `breob gs mclirbdi. Um li oby suamemgltgs `ilstruis pbrb btbebr b tidis his pgrsilbkgs, tû dgemdgs quí pgrsilbkg li gs btbebdi. Gkg`phi;Ghtrgs cifhmlsdgemdg hueobl eiltrb dis cifhmls cugrrgris, ul `bci ul ehírmci. kucbdir qug his trgs btbebl b hisydis cugrrgris y bh ehírmci. Gh `bci sg gseildg dgtrâs dg sus b`mcis y li gs btbebdi.
Gl ulb obfmtbemõl eil tbltis `ilstruis ei`i pgrsilbkgs oby; oby; ebdb pgrsilbkg rgemfg ul btbqug. Gl ulb sbhb eil `âs `ilstruis qug pgrsilbkgs; pgrsilbkgs; ebdb pgrsilbkg rgemfg WL btbqug, y dmstrmfuyg bhgbtirmb`gltg his btbqugs bdmemilbhgs. Gxegpemõl; sm his `ilstruis IDMBL b ulb ehbsg dg pgrsilbkg, smg`prg rgbhmzbrâl btbqugs bdmemilbhgs gl gsb ehbsg. Trihhs, 14
cifhmls y jifihds idmbl b his glblis: his ireis idmbl b his ghais: y his li `ugrtis idmbl b his ehírmcis. Gl ul pbsmhhi; pbsmhhi; DIU `ilstruis, ei`i `âxm`i, btbebrâl b his dis pgrsilbkgs bh argltg (hucbrgs 2 y 6 dgh irdgl dg `breob). Wl sihi pgrsilbkg gl ul eirrgdir sgrâ btbebdi pir dis `ilstruis. Gh bhmglti dg Drbcõl cihpgbrâ b tidis his pgrsilbkgs gl ul pbsmhhi i obfmtbemõl. obf mtbemõl. His `ilstruis grrbltgs gl ul eirrgdir ebgrâl pir sirprgsb sifrg gh crupi. ¡Obstb dis `ilstruis btbebrâl b his dis pgrsilbkgs gl hb rgtbcubrdmb! His pgrsilbkgs sgrâl sirprgldmdis y li rgemfgl gh filus dg Dgaglsb dg ul gseudi gl gstg prm`gr btbqug.
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Ouygldi dgh Ei`fbtg B vgegs, tu crupi sgrâ tbl cihpgbdi qug gs pismfhg qug dgsggs oumr dg ulb ipismemõl bfru`bdirb. Oby dis ipemilgs; Vgtmrbdb y Oumdb. Vgtmrbdb; tu crupi sg rgtmrb hgltb`gltg b eubhqumgr Vgtmrbdb; obfmtbemõl b vugstrb gspbhdb, emgrrb hb pugrtb dg cihpg y dgkb b his `ilstruis bh itri hbdi. Ti`b litb dg dõldg gstâl his `ilstruis. ¡Tidbvàb gstbrâl bhhà sm vughvgs b gltrbr gl gsb obfmtbemõl! Hb rgtmrbdb sihi gs pismfhg eubldi his pgrsilbkgs tmglgl ulb pugrtb qug egrrbr gltrg ghhis y his `ilstruis. Um hb obfmtbemõl tmglg ulb bfgrturb, li gs pismfhg hb rgtmrbdb. Durbltg ulb rgtmrbdb, his `ilstruis cihpgbl WLB QG[ b his pgrsilbkgs, pgri his pgrsilbkgs tmglgl +2 gl sus tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb. Oumdb; gh crupi sg gsebpb. @mgltrbs hi obeg, ebdb Oumdb; `ilstrui btbebrâ ulb vgz. Ebdb pgrsilbkg dgfg obegr ulb tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb. Hb filmamebemõl dg his gseudis li sg bphmeb gl gstg ebsi. Um oby suamemgltgs `ilstruis pbrb btbebr b tidis his pgrsilbkgs, ebdb pgrsilbkg rgemfg ul btbqug. Um oby `glis `ilstruis qug pgrsilbkgs, his btbqugs sg dmrmcmrâl prm`gri eiltrb gh pgrsilbkg i his pgrsilbkgs qug obybl pgrdmdi `âs pultis dg Qmdb, hugci eiltrb his pgrsilbkgs qug sil idmbdis pir his `ilstruis (trihhs y cifhmls idmbl b his glblis, his ireis idmbl b his ghais, his li `ugrtis idmbl b his ehírmcis). Um li sg eu`phg lmlculb dg hbs eildmemilgs bltgrmirgs, rgpbrtg his btbqugs bhgbtirmb`gltg. bhgbtirmb`gltg. Um ul pgrsilbkg `ugrg `mgltrbs ouyg, su gqumpi y su tgsiri pgr`blgegl gl hb obfmtbemõl y li pugdgl rgdmstrmfumrsg gltrg his dg`âs `mg`fris dgh crupi. @breb hb obfmtbemõl gl tu `bpb. Tgldrâs qug vihvgr b gltrbr gl gsb obfmtbemõl y hueobr eiltrb his `ilstruis pbrb rgeupgrbr gh fitàl dg cugrrb.
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Eubldi his @ilstruis Ouygl B vgegs, gh `ilstrui sg gsebpbrâ dg ul ei`fbtg, dgfmdi b ulb tmrbdb dg `irbh abhhmdb i bhcûl itri gageti dgh kugci. Eubldi gsti suegdg, ebdb pgrsilbkg pugdg rgbhmzbr ul btbqug b +2 eiltrb ul `ilstrui qug ouyg. Gl `byiràb his ebsis, pugdgs mclirbr gstb rgchb,qug yb qughb li obrâ dg lmlculb dmagrglemb; his `ilstruis ouygl eugltbl ei`i dgrritbdis y dg tidis `idis iftmglgs su iri. ¹Euâldi Amlbhmzb ul Ei`fbtg9 Wl ei`fbtg tgr`mlb eubldi; 2) Tidis his `ilstruis gl hb obfmtbemõl obl smdi 2) bsgsmlbdis. 6) Tidis his `ilstruis obl oumdi. 6) Tidis 5) Tidis 5) Tidis his pgrsilbkgs obl smdi bsgsmlbdis. 4) Gh 4) Gh crupi dgemdg sbhmr dgh ei`fbtg, ei`i sg gxphmeõ bltgrmir`gltg (rgtmrbdb i oumdb). Obstb qug amlbhmeg gh ei`fbtg, ul pgrsilbkg li pugdg rgbhmzbr lmlculb itrb beemõl qug li sgb btbebr, dgagldgr, hblzbr ul ogeomzi, sbhmr dgh ei`fbtg i eubhqumgr itrb beemõl pgr`mtmdb pir hb dgsermpemõl dg hb obfmtbemõl qug gh crupi gstâ gxphirbldi, sgcûl hb dgsermpemõl dgh `ilstrui, i pir ul ifkgti `âcmei. ^ir gkg`phi, tu pàebri li pugdg dgsbr`br ulb trb`pb i fusebr gl hb obfmtbemõl `mgltrbs gh rgsti dgh crupi gstâ ieupbdi pghgbldi. Ubqugi Eubldi tu crupi dgrritb b tidis his `ilstruis gl ulb obfmtbemõl, obz ulb tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Tgsiris. Bhculis `ilstruis tmglgl `âs tgsiris qug itris, bhculis tmglgl ul `idmamebdir dg tmrbdb dg tgsiri (pir ‘Tgsiri -2‐, tmrbs gkg`phi, sm tbfhb). gh pgramhBhculis dgh `ilstrui dmeg li d1 -2 gl hb `ilstruis tmglgl lmlcûl 13
tgsiri. Obegs ulb tmrbdb pir gleugltri, LI ulb tmrbdb pir `ilstrui. Tmrb pir gh tgsiri mlehusi sm his `ilstruis ouygl. Dmstrmfuyg gh tgsiri sbqugbdi ei`i `gkir tg pbrgzeb gltrg tus pgrsilbkgs. Uml g`fbrci, b his fârfbris li sg hgs pugdgl ifkgtis `âcmeis (¡li his usbrâl, y lm smqumgrb hisbsmclbr hhgvbrâl!) His `ilstruis grrbltgs luleb pisggl tgsiris. Hhgvbr gh Fitàl His pgrsilbkgs pugdgl hhgvbr eubhqumgr ebltmdbd dg cg`bs, kiybs, pgrcb`mlis, vbrmtbs `âcmebs, arbseis dg bcub fgldmtb y piemilgs. Ebdb pgrsilbkg pugdg hhgvbr ul `âxm`i dg 6>> pmgzbs dg iri, dis gseudis (uli eil eirrgb gl hbfbstõl gspbhdb y gh itri usbdi gl ulb br`bs (ul `âcmei eugltb ei`i ul `bli), br`b, ytrgs ul br`b b dis `blis eugltb ei`i dis br`bs). His pgrsilbkgs qug hhgvbl `âs dg gsti tmglgl -2 gl sus tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb. FWUEBLDI GL HBU OBFMTBEMIL O BFMTBEMILGU GU Tidbs hbs `bz`irrbs tmglgl sgergtis. Umg`prg qug sg cglgrg ulb obfmtbemõl vbeàb, pugdgs dgemdmr qug li gs gh ebsi, y tmrbr sifrg hb Tbfhb b eiltmlubemõl. Wl obhahmlc pugdg usbr ul pulti Uugrtg pbrb vihvgr b tmrbr. Gl ulb obfmtbemõl sihi sgdgpugdg fusebr ulb vgz. @ârebhb eil ulb ‘U‐ eubldi obcbs hb fûsqugdb gl ghhb. Bh fusebr gl pbsmhhis, tmrbs eil -2. TBFHB DG FÛURWGDB DG OBFMTBEMÕL QBEÀB (d1) TMVBDB 2 6-4 7-1
VGUWHTBDI DG HB FÛURWGDB ¡His `ilstruis grrbltgs btbebl! Hb obfmtbemõl gstâ vbeàb ^mstb, pugrtb sgergtb i tgsiri gseildmdi 1?
@ILUTVWIU GVVBLTGU His `ilstruis grrbltgs sil his cubrdmbs dg sgcurmdbd dg hb `bz`irrb. Qbl dg ul hbdi b itri, utmhmzbl pbsbkgs sgergtis i sg gseildgl gl hbs si`frbs obstb qug pbsbl his tg`grbrmis bvglturgris. Eubldi hbs rgchbs rgqumgrgl b hisdg `ilstruis tmrb d1 pbrb dgtgr`mlbr quí tmpi `ilstruisgrrbltgs, sil btrbàdis; 2-6 5-4 7 1
Tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Fmeois y Bhm`bòbs Tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Ugeubegs i Gsfmrris Tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg @ilstruis Gxtrbòis Tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Kgag. Um sbhg ul Drbcõl, vughvg b tmrbr. Wl `ilstrui grrbltg LWLEB pugdg sgr gh Kgag Amlbh.
Wlb bvglturb hmstb pbrb kucbr bpripmbdbs tgldrâ sus pbrb pripmbs Tbfhbs dg @ilstruis Grrbltgs, gh gseglbrmi. His `ilstruis grrbltgs sg bfbhblzbl aurtmvb`gltg eiltrb gh crupi y buti`âtmeb`gltg buti`âtmeb`gltg btbebl prm`gri gl gh prm`gr turli dg ei`fbtg. His pgrsilbkgs li pugdgl usbr su filmamebemõl dg gseudi gl su prm`grb tmrbdb dg dgaglsb eiltrb `ilstruis grrbltgs. Um tg gleugltrbs gl ul eirrgdir, his `ilstruis grrbltgs btbebrâl b his dis pgrsilbkgs qug vbl `âs btrâs gl gh irdgl dg `breob. Um gstâs gl ulb obfmtbemõl y oby suamemgltgs `ilstruis grrbltgs pbrb btbebr b tidis his pgrsilbkgs, tidis his pgrsilbkgs sgrâl btbebdis pir bh `glis ul `ilstrui, eil btbqugs bdmemilbhgs ygldi eiltrb ehbsgs dg pgrsilbkgs idmbdis prm`gri, y hugci eiltrb his pgrsilbkgs eil hb `glir ebltmdbd titbh dg pultis dg Qmdb (tmrb bh bzbr sm oby `âs dg ul pgrsilbkg eil gh `ms`i titbh dg pultis dg Qmdb). Tidis his `ilstruis grrbltgs prugfbl su `irbh eubldi hb smtubemõl hi rgqumgrg, b `glis qug sgbl ul `ilstrui qug luleb pilg b prugfb hb `irbh.
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^ugrtb Ugergtb ¡Gleiltrbstg ulb pugrtb sgergtb i pbsbdmzi! Dmfukb ulb pugrtb gl ul hbdi dg hb obfmtbemõl i eirrgdir betubh y eihieb itrb obfmtbemõl bhgbtirmb qug sg eilgetg eil ghhb. ^ugdgs gspmbr gl hb obfmtbemõl y dgtgr`mlbr su eiltglmdi dgpghmcri gltrbr pbrgeg gl ghhb,dg`bsmbdi y pugdgs pbrb dgemdmr dgkbrhb gl BLTGU pbz sm gh gh crupi. Um gleugltrbs ul tgsiri dgtrâs dg ulb pugrtb sgergtb, su vbhir gl pmgzbs dg iri sg duphmeb. Um dgemdgs gltrbr b hb obfmtbemõl sgergtb, eubhqumgr `ilstrui gl hb obfmtbemõl sgrâ sirprgldmdi. Vgdueg su lmvgh gl uli (b ul `àlm`i dg 2) gl gh prm`gr turli dgh ei`fbtg sufsmcumgltg. Eubldi gleugltrgs ulb pugrtb sgergtb, tmrb ul dbdi. Eil ul 1, ¡aghmemtbemilgs! Obs gleiltrbdi ul btbki sgcuri augrb dg hb `bz`irrb. ^ugdgs sbhmr dg hb `bz`irrb bh hhgcbr b gstb sbhb gl eubhqumgr `i`glti. Tgsiri Ieuhti Fusebr gl hb obfmtbemõl pridueg ul obhhbzci bairtulbdi. Wl hbdrmhhi sughti i fbhdisb gseildg pmgzbs dg iri pir vbhir dg 5d1 x 5d1. Uml g`fbrci, ¡bquà lbdb gs crbtms! Bltgs dg dgtgr`mlbr hb ebltmdbd dg iri gleiltrbdb, pbsb b hb Tbfhb dg Ei`phmebemõl dgh Tgsiri Ieuhti Ieuhti (d1) (d1) b b eiltmlubemõl; TMVBDB 2-6 5-7
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EI@^HMEBEMÕL ¡Ug betmvb ulb bhbr`b, btrbygldi `ilstruis grrbltgs b hb obfmtbemõl! Gh iri gstâ pritgcmdi pir ulb trb`pb. Gh lmvgh dg hb trb`pb gs mcubh bh lû`gri qug sbebstg gl gstb Tbfhb (5, 4 i 7). Wl pàebri pugdg mltgltbr dgsbr`br hb trb`pb. Um li tmglgs lmlcûl pàebri, hb trb`pb btbeb b ul bvglturgri bh bzbr, mlahmcmgldi 2 ogrmdb sm li pugdg Ubhvbrsg, y 6 ogrmdbs sm sbeb ul 2. Wl abltbs`b (lmvgh d5 + 2) pritgcg gh iri. Wl ehírmci pugdg mltgltbr dgsvblgegr bh abltbs`b (tmrb d1 `âs gh lmvgh dgh ehírmci, gh abltbs`b sg dgstruyg sm gh ehírmci sbeb ul lû`gri mcubh bh lmvgh dgh abltbs`b i `byir). Um li obybhul ehírmci gl gh crupi, i sm gstg pmgrdgl li pugdg ghm`mlbr abltbs`b, tidis his pgrsilbkgs 2 Qmdb y hugci gh abltbs`b dgsbpbrgeg. 3>
^mstbs Wl pgrsilbkg gleiltrõ ulb pmstb pbrb bhci crbldg. Gsermfg ^MUTB gl hb Oikb dg Bvglturb dgh pgrsilbkg. Eubldi gh pgrsilbkg tglcb trgs pmstbs (iftglmdbs durbltg hb bvglturb betubh, i gl gh trblseursi dg ulb eb`pbòb), obfrâ dgseufmgrti ul crbl sgergti. Gh pgrsilbkg ml`gdmbtb`gltg obeg ulb tmrbdb dg _^, cblbldi ul lmvgh sm tmglg íxmti, y ghmcg uli dg his smcumgltgs gagetis pbrb rgprgsgltbr gh sgergti qug dgseufrmõ; eubldi tg gleugltrbs eil Dgfmhmdbd dg ul `ilstrui; eubldi ul `ilstrui kgag dg tu ghgeemõl, tmglgs ul +6 pbrb btbebr b gsg `ilstrui. Hb filmamebemõl durb tidi gh ei`fbtg, li pbrb ul sihi btbqug. Tidis his pgrsilbkgs dgh crupi dmsarutbl dg hb filmamebemõl. Trbti eil ul `ilstrui; eubldi eubldi tg gleugltrgs eil ul
`ilstrui, pugdgs dgehbrbr qug tmglgs ul trbti eil hb ermbturb. Gh `ilstrui pgr`mtmrâ qug tu crupi pbsg pir hb sbhb sml btbebrtg gl gh `i`glti qug hi lgegsmtgs. Uml g`fbrci, li pugdgs ti`br gh tgsiri dgh `ilstrui. Li pugdgs usbr gstb rgchb eil fmeois y bhm`bòbs i eil gh Kgag Amlbh. eubldi gltrbs b ulb Wfmebemõl dg ul tgsiri ieuhti; eubldi obfmtbemõl vbeàb (li hb prm`grb obfmtbemõl dg ulb `bz`irrb), hb rgeiliegs ei`i hb ufmebemõl dg ul tgsiri gseildmdi qug pugdg rgvghbrsg bh prilulembr hb eiltrbsgòb eirrgetb. Ug bfrg ul lmeoi gl ulb pbrgd y sg gleugltrbl pmgzbs dg iri pir vbhir dg 5d1 x 2>. Li`frg vgrdbdgri dg ulb gltmdbd gspmrmtubh; gstâs gstâs
gl eiltbeti eil ul âlcgh i ul dg`ilmi (b tu ghgeemõl, pgri ulb vgz ghgcmdi, li pugdg sgr eb`fmbdi). Durbltg ulb pbrtmdb, pugdgs hhb`br b ul âlcgh pbrb sblbr b ul sihi pgrsilbkg eil tidb hb sbhud i pbrb rgsebtbrhi dg ulb trb`pmhhb-aisi: bhtgrlbtmvb`gltg, pugdgs hhb`br b ul dg`ilmi pbrb mlahmcmr 4 pultis dg Qmdb dg dbòi b ulb 32
sihb ermbturb i pbrb `btbr buti`âtmeb`gltg obstb 1 sgeubegs. Wlb vgz utmhmzbdi, gstg pidgr sg pmgrdg pbrb smg`prg y li pugdg sgr cblbdi lugvb`gltg pir gh `ms`i pgrsilbkg gl hb `ms`b eb`pbòb. Lugviul ogeomzi; sihi ghai i `bci pugdg cblbr gsti. Bcrgcb ogeomzi sihi b tuul rgpgrtirmi. Ugergti pbrb bu`gltbr gh pidgr `âcmei i gspmrmtubh;
gsti hi pugdg cblbr ul ehírmci, ul `bci i ul ghai, y sihi ulb vgz pir pgrsilbkg gl ulb eb`pbòb. Bu`gltb Bu`gltb gl 2 hb ebltmdbd dg vgegs qug pugdg usbr ul sihi ogeomzi gspgeàamei i hb obfmhmdbd dg Eurbemõl durbltg ulb bvglturb. Wfmebemõl dg ul pgrcb`mli; ul pgrsilbkg qug
lir`bh`gltg li pugdg hblzbr ogeomzis (pgri luleb ul fârfbri) pugdg ti`br gsti. Gleugltrb ul pgrcb`mli eil ul ogeomzi dg su ghgeemõl gseildmdi gl ul lmeoi gl hb `bz`irrb. dgfgs `btbr bh `glis b dis Vgegtb pbrb ulb piemõl; dgfgs `ilstruis kgags y cbstbr 7> pmgzbs dg iri pbrb his ei`pilgltgs `btgrmbhgs dg hb piemõl. Dgspuís dg obfgr hicrbdi gsti, pugdgs ei`prbr ulb ^iemõl dg Eurbemõl bltgs dg ebdb bvglturb, b ul eisti dg 7> iris. Ug supilg qug eiltrbtbstg ul bprgldmz dg bhqum`mstb glgstâ ebsb. Gh bprgldmz ghbfirbbulb lugvb põem`b pbrb tm qug hmstb eubldi ei`mglzbs ulb lugvb bvglturb. eubldi ul `ilstrui i crupi dg Ugergti tgrriràamei; eubldi sgeubegs dgfg obegr ulb tmrbdb dg `irbh gl tu prgsglemb, pugdgs prilulembr gh sgergti mldgsermptmfhg, y gh `ilstrui abhhbrâ buti`âtmeb`gltg su tmrbdb dg `irbh. Gsti li tmglg gageti gl his `ilstruis qug li prugfbl hb `irbh i gh Kgag Amlbh. Bhcumgl pbcbrâ `ueoi dmlgri pir gsi; eiliegs eiliegs b ul
lifhg qug pgrdmõ ulb rghmqumb i ulb kiyb. Um gleugltrbs 36
ulb kiyb, cg`b i eubhqumgr brtàeuhi dg kiygràb eil ul vbhir dg pmgzbs dg iri y hicrbs sbebrhi dg hb `bz`irrb, pugdgs vgldgrhi pir TVGU QGEGU su vbhir dgehbrbdi. ul Ugòir dgh Ebis Tu glg`mci gstâ gl hb `bz`irrb; ul ob ogeoi bhci tgrrmfhg b tu pgrsilbkg, y sbfgs qug ob gstbdi phblgbldi y trb`bldi obegrtg dbòi. Eubldi tg gleugltrgs eil ul `ilstrui kgag, pugdgs eb`fmbrhi pir ul Ugòir dgh Ebis y hueobr eiltrb íh eil ul +2 b tus tmrbdbs dg Btbqug. Hb filmamebemõl durb tidi gh ei`fbtg. pgrsilbkg m`pirtbltg (pràlempg, lifhg, rmei ei`grembltg, gte.) gstâ prmsmilgri gl hb `bz`irrb. ^ugdgs gleiltrbrtg eil íh gl eubhqumgr obfmtbemõl eustidmbdb pir sgeubegs i pir ul `ilstrui kgag. Um hicrbs hmfgrbrhi y sbebrhi dg hb `bz`irrb eil vmdb, rgemfmrâs ul ifkgti `âcmei bh bzbr y ul tgsiri bh bzbr, i ulb duphmebemõl dg tus pmgzbs dg iri betubhgs, hi qug sgb `gkir pbrb tm. Gh prmsmilgri gstâ glebdglbdi b ulb pbrgd. Wl bvglturgri pugdg ri`pgr hb ebdglb durbltg gh ei`fbtg cblbldi ulb tmrbdb dg Btbqug eiltrb gh lmvgh 4. His pàebris y his fârfbris bcrgcbl su lmvgh eubldi mltgltbl hmfgrbr bh pgrsilbkg. Wl bvglturgri qug tmrg pbrb hmfgrbr bh prmsmilgri li pugdg btbebr b his `ilstruis b hb `ms`b vgz. Bhcumgl
ob
smdi
glebreghbdi; ul
Dgsemgldgs ulb hàlgb idgul sblcrg bsgsmlis dg drbcilgs; sihidgul fârfbri glblidg pugdgl ti`br
gsti. Dg boirb gl bdghbltg, eubldi gsg pgrsilbkg pghgg eiltrb ul drbcõl, bòbdg +2 b su Dgaglsb y b sus tmrbdbs dg Btbqug. Dmgtb sgergtb; bprgldgs ulb dmgtb sgergtb pbrb
bu`gltbr tu rgsmstglemb. Li pugdgs ei`pbrtmrhb eil tus b`mcis. Umg`prg y eubldi cbstgs 2>> pmgzbs dg iri gl ei`mdb bltgs dg ebdb bvglturb, tgldrâs ul pulti dg Qmdb gxtrb obstb gh amlbh dg hb bvglturb. Hb dmgtb li gs `âcmeb y pugdg sgr utmhmzbdb pir his fârfbris. ¡His 35
obhahmlcs lgegsmtbl cbstbr sihi 7> pmgzbs dg iri pirqug yb tmglgl beegsi b ulb gxeghgltg ei`mdb! ^mstbs y ^grsilbkgs @irmfuldis Hbs pmstbs sil dgseufmgrtbs pir ul sihi pgrsilbkg, pgri pidg`isGltilegs, supilgr qug pmstb eil sus ei`pbògris. sm ghei`pbrtmõ pgrsilbkg hb`ugrg, pugdgs `ivgr hb pmstb bh pgramh dg itri pgrsilbkg.
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TVB@^BU Eubldi tg gleugltrbs ulb trb`pb, tmrb sifrg hb tbfhb b eiltmlubemõl pbrb dgtgr`mlbr su tmpi.
TMVBDB 2 6 5 4 7 1
TBFHB DG TVB@^BU (d1) TVB@^B Wl Dbrdi (lmvgh 6) btbeb b ul pgrsilbkg bh bzbr. Wl Cbs Qglglisi (lmvgh 5) btbeb b tidis his pgrsilbkgs. Wlb Trb`pmhhb dg aisi (lmvgh 4) sg bfrg dgfbki dg his pmgs dgh pgrsilbkg qug glebfgzb gh irdgl dg `breob. Trb`pb pbrb Isis (lmvgh 4), omgrg bh pgrsilbkg qug glebfgzb gh irdgl dg `breob. Wlbs Hblzbs qug sbhgl dmspbrbdbs dg ulb pbrgd (lmvgh 7) btbebl b dis pgrsilbkgs bhgbtirmis. Wl Fhiqug dg ^mgdrb Cmcbltg (lmvgh 7) ebg sifrg gh ûhtm`i pgrsilbkg gl gh irdgl dg `breob.
Dbrdi; Gh pgrsilbkg bh qug sg dmrmcg gstg btbqug dgfg Dbrdi; Gh obegr ulb tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb (lmvgh 6) i pgrdgr 2 Qmdb. Cbs Qglglisi; tidis Qglglisi; tidis his pgrsilbkgs dgfgl obegr ulb tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb (lmvgh 5), mclirbldi hb filmamebemõl dg gseudis i br`bdurb, i pgrdgr 2 Qmdb. Trb`pmhhb; gh pgrsilbkg dgfg tmrbr d1 eiltrb gh lmvgh Trb`pmhhb; gh dg hb trb`pb. Tmrb eil -2 sm tmglgs br`bdurb hmcgrb, y eil -6 sm tmglgs br`bdurb pgsbdb, y eil +2 sm grgs obhahmlc i ghai. His pàebris bcrgcbl su lmvgh. Wl pgrsilbkg qug abhhb hb tmrbdb ebg gl hb trb`pmhhb aisi, pgrdmgldi 2 Qmdb. Bdg`âs, sg lgegsmtbrâ bh `glis itri pgrsilbkg pbrb byudbrhi b sbhmr dgh aisi. Um ebgs gl ulb trb`pmhhb y gstâs sihi, `ugrgs. 37
Trb`pb pbrb Isis; gh pgrsilbkg dgfg tmrbr d1 trbtbldi dg supgrbr gh lmvgh dg hb trb`pb (lmvgh 4). His obhahmlcs y his ghais tmrbl eil +2. His pàebris bcrgcbl su lmvgh. Wl pgrsilbkg qug abhhb hb tmrbdb tmglg ul pmg btrbpbdi gl hb trb`pb dg isi. Gh pgrsilbkg pgrs ilbkg pmgrdg 2 Qmdb y tgldrâ gl hbs sg tmrbdbs dg Btbqug y Dgaglsb gsb Qmdb -2 pgrdmdb rgeupgrg y hb eikgrb dg su obstb pmgrlbqug sg eurg. Wl pgrsilbkg eiki tmrbrâ eil -6 eiltrb itrbs trb`pbs pbrb isis i trb`pmhhbs. Hblzbs; sg betmvbl eubldi gh prm`gr pgrsilbkg pbsb Hblzbs; kulti b ghhbs y btbebl b dis `mg`fris bhgbtirmis dgh crupi. Wl pgrsilbkg qug abhhb su tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb pmgrdg 2 Qmdb. Fhiqug dg ^mgdrb Cmcbltg; Cmcbltg; gstg btbqug dg lmvgh 7 cihpgb bh ûhtm`i pgrsilbkg gl gh irdgl dg `breob. Gh pgrsilbkg dgfg obegr ulb tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb i pgrdgr 6 Qmdbs. Hb filmamebemõl dg hb br`bdurb eugltb, pgri hb filmamebemõl dg ul gseudi li.
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^àebris Dgsbr`bldi Trb`pbs Um ul pàebri hmdgrb gh irdgl dg `breob, tmglg hb ipirtulmdbd dg dgtgetbr y dgsbr`br ulb trb`pb bltgs dg qug pugdb btbebr bh crupi. Gh pàebri tmrb d1 y bcrgcb su lmvgh. Um supgrb gh lmvgh dg hb trb`pb, i sbeb ul 1, sg db eugltb dg hb trb`pb y hb dgsbr`b, i bdvmgrtg bh rgsti dgh crupi kusti b tmg`pi. Um abhhb, i sm sbeb ul 2, hb trb`pb sg dmspbrb lir`bh`gltg. Bhculbs `bz`irrbs tmglgl `âs trb`pbs qug itrbs, pir hi qug glvmbr b ul pàebri bh argltg pugdg li sgr ulb `bhb mdgb. ^ir supugsti, dgfgs gstbr prgpbrbdi pbrb eurbr bh pàebri. His suphg`gltis dg `bz`irrbs yb prgpbrbdis tgldrâl trb`pbs `âs mlusubhgs qug hbs dgsermtbs gl gstb tbfhb. ¡Hb m`bcmlbemõl `bhvbdb dg his eilstruetirgs dg `bz`irrbs li eilieg hà`mtgs! ^WGVTBU FHIRWGBDBU i EGVVBDBU Vgchb ipemilbh; ^ugrtbs Fhiqugbdbs gl @bz`irrbs Bhgbtirmbs; pugdgs tmrbr ul dbdi pir ebdb pugrtb qug Bhgbtirmbs; bpbrgzeb gl ulb obfmtbemõl. Eil ulb tmrbdb dg 2 i 6, gsb pugrtb gstâ fhiqugbdb. Tmrb d1 pbrb gh lmvgh dg hb egrrbdurb. @breb ulb pugrtb egrrbdb eil ulb ‘E‐. ^ugdg rgsuhtbr tgdmisi tmrbr pir ebdb pugrtb, bsà qug eilsmdgrb gstb ulb rgchb ipemilbh. Hb pugrtb tgldrâ ul lmvgh, dgtgr`mlbldi quí tbl dmaàemh gs dgrrmfbrhb i airzbr hb egrrbdurb. Tmglgs dis ipemilgs; 2) Dgrrmfbr hb pugrtb 6) Wsbr ul pàebri pbrb dgsfhiqugbr hb egrrbdurb.
Dgrrmfbr ulb pugrtb; Tmrb pugrtb; Tmrb ul dbdi eil ul pgrsilbkg. His fârfbris y his cugrrgris bcrgcbl su lmvgh. Hbs pugrtbs lir`bh`gltg sil dg lmvgh 5, pgri bhculbs pugrtbs `âs rifustbs i `âcmebs pugdgl sgr 4, 7 i mlehusi 1 pbrb pugrtbs dg `gtbh. Um cihpgbs hb pugrtb, hb
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pugrtb sg bfrg. Um li dgrrmfbs hb pugrtb, pugdgs mltgltbrhi `âs tbrdg. Um sbebs ul 2, gh rumdi btrbg hb btglemõl li dgsgbdb. Tmrb gl hb Tbfhb dg his @ilstruis Grrbltgs. Dgrrmfbr ulb pugrtb eil `bcmb; `bcmb; ul `bci tb`fmíl pugdg dgstrumr ulb pugrtb eil ul ogeomzi dg Vghâ`pbci i dg Fihb dg Augci. Gsti gs buti`âtmei, pgri eugstb ul ogeomzi. Dgsfhiqugbr ulb pugrtb; pugrtb; sihi ul pàebri pugdg mltgltbr airzbr hb egrrbdurb dg ulb pugrtb eil hhbvg. Tmrb ul dbdi y bcrgcb gh lmvgh dgh pàebri. Um gh pàebri gstâ sihi gl hb obfmtbemõl (lmlcûl b`mci gstâ pritgcmgldi su gspbhdb), tmrb eil -2. Um gh pàebri supgrb gh lmvgh dg hb pugrtb, hb egrrbdurb sg augrzb y hb pugrtb boirb gstâ bfmgrtb. Um gh pàebri abhhb hb tmrbdb, li pugdg bfrmr hb pugrtb y gstb dgfg sgr dgrrmfbdb. DGAGLDGV EILTVB… Gl bhculis ebsis, hbs rgchbs tg mldmebl Dgagldgr gl eiltrb dg dg ul btbqug gspgeàamei. Gh li`frg dgh btbqug lir`bh`gltg gs sihi dgsermptmvi, hi qug eugltb gs gh lû`gri dgh ifkgtmvi. Tmrb ul d1, bcrgcbldi eubhqumgr `idmamebdir sgcûl hbs mlstrueemilgs. Um sbebs gh lû`gri dgh ifkgtmvi i `byir, li pbsb lbdb. Um sbebs `âs fbki qug gh lû`gri dgh ifkgtmvi, suargs hbs eilsgeuglembs mldmebdbs. ¡Gsti b `gludi gs hb pírdmdb dg 2 Qmdb, i bhculb mleilvglmglemb durbdgrb, ei`i sgr eilvgrtmdi gl pmgdrb, boicb`mglti i sgr rgduemdi b eglmzbs! ^ir gkg`phi; sg mlstb b his pgrsilbkgs b dgagldgr eiltrb eiltr b gh vglgli dg lmvgh 5 i pgrdgr 2 Qmdb. Wl pgrsilbkg qug sbqug ul 2 i 6 pgrdgrâ ulb Qmdb. His pgrsilbkgs qug sbebl 5 i `âs gstbrâl sbhvbdis.
Hbs tmrbdbs dg sbhvbemõl pugdgl tglgr `idmamebdirgs. Gl cglgrbh, his fârfbris y his obhahmlcs tgldrâl filmamebemilgs eiltrb eisbs ei`i gh vglgli crbembs b su
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fuglb sbhud, his `bcis tgldrâl filmamebemilgs eiltrb hb `bcmb y his btbqugs `gltbhgs, his pàebris y ghais tgldrâl filus eiltrb hbs eisbs qug sg pugdgl ghudmr, his ehírmcis tmglgl filmamebemilgs eiltrb his li-`ugrtis, gte. Li oby ulb sihb ehbsg qug smg`prg sgb `gkir qug itrbs gl hbs tmrbdbs dg sbhvbemõl. dg gsis bspgetis dgh kugci qug bprgldgrâs eilGshbuli gxpgrmglemb. Hbs tmrbdbs dg sbhvbemõl fbsbdbs gl hb bcmhmdbd b `gludi tgldrâl ul `idmamebdir dg -2 sm gh pgrsilbkg hhgvb ulb br`bdurb pgsbdb. ¹Ruí oby gl his Lmvghgs `âs priauldis9 Gstb`is trbfbkbldi gl ul suphg`glti pbrb his lmvghgs `âs priauldis dg ulb `bz`irrb, bòbdmgldi trb`pbs y `ilstruis `irtàagris, `âs ogeomzis, obfmhmdbdgs gspgembhgs pbrb tus pgrsilbkgs y `âs tgsiris pbrb dgspikbr.
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Eisbs pbrb Vgeirdbr 2. Wli dg tus pgrsilbkgs dgfg hhgvbr ulb hmltgrlb. Gstb sg hhgvb gl ulb dg sus `blis. Um íh `ugrg, bhcumgl `âs dgfg hgvbltbr hb hmltgrlb. Wl crupi sml hmltgrlb tmglg -6 gl tidbs hbs tmrbdbs dg Btbqug y Dgaglsb y li pugdg usbr br`bs b dmstblemb. Hi ûlmei qug pugdg obegr gh crupi sml ulb hmltgrlb gs sbhmr dg hb `bz`irrb. 6. His pgrsilbkgs tmglgl dis `blis qug pugdgl usbr. Um gh pgrsilbkg sistmglg ul br`b b dis `blis i ul brei, íh i ghhb li pugdgl sistglgr ul gseudi i ulb hmltgrlb. Wl `bci, ehírmci i ghai lgegsmtb ulb `bli hmfrg pbrb hblzbr ul ogeomzi. Hhgvbr dis br`bs li db lmlculb vgltbkb. Wl pgrsilbkg pugdg egòmrsg tg`pirbh`gltg ul gseudi sifrg su gspbhdb pbrb tglgr ulb `bli hmfrg, pgri li iftgldrâ pritgeemõl dgh gseudi obstb qug gh gseudi rgcrgsg b su `bli. Obegrhi durbltg gh ei`fbtg rgqumgrg pgrdgr ul btbqug. 5. Gsermfg smg`prg eil hâpmz y tgl b `bli ulb ci`b dg firrbr. @ueob mlair`bemõl tgldrâ qug sgr betubhmzbdb durbltg gh kugci. 4. Blitb gh irdgl dg `breob dg tus pgrsilbkgs. 7. Wlb vgz qug sbhcbs dg ulb `bz`irrb, li pidrâs vihvgr bhhà (sm vughvgs, his `ilstruis sg obfrâl hhgvbdi tidi gh tgsiri). 1. Ei`prugfb hb dgsermpemõl dg hb tmrbdb dg Vgbeemõl dg ul `ilstrui bltgs dg btbebr. Bhculis gleugltris pugdgl fglgamembrtg dg itrbs `blgrbs bdg`âs dg sm`phg`gltg dbrtg ipilgltgs pbrb `btbr y btgsirbr. Hb dgsvgltbkb, pir supugsti, gs qug bh dgkbr qug gh `ilstrui rgbhmeg ulb tmrbdb dg Vgbeemõl, pmgrdgs hb ipirtulmdbd dg btbebr prm`gri.
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3. Vgeugrdb ei`prifbr hb @irbh dg his `ilstruis eubldi `btbs b hb `mtbd dg his gsfmrris gl ul gleugltri, i eubldi ul kgag pmgrdg `âs dg hb `mtbd dg su Qmdb.
?. gleugltris @bltíl ul rgcmstri dg his `ilstruis dgrritbdis. 2> eiltrb gsfmrris tg dbrâl ulb tmrbdb dg _^. Wl `ilstrui m`pirtbltg (kgag i `ilstrui gxtrbòi) tg db ulb tmrbdb dg _^. =. Vgbhmzb hbs tmrbdbs dg _^ ml`gdmbtb`gltg. Li pugdgs cubrdbrhbs pbrb `âs tbrdg. Hhgvb ul rgcmstri dg qumíl aug gh ûhtm`i pgrsilbkg qug sufmõ dg lmvgh, pirqug li pugdgs sufmr dg lmvgh bh `ms`i pgrsilbkg dis vgegs sgcumdbs, lm smqumgrb sm gs gh ûlmei pgrsilbkg vmvi. Um kugcbs gl `idi eiipgrbtmvi, eil vbrmis kucbdirgs hhgvbldi ul pgrsilbkg ebdb uli, dgtgr`mlb bhgbtirmb`gltg qumíl iftmglg hb tmrbdb dg _^, pgri li dgkgs qug gh `ms`i pgrsilbkg bu`gltg dis vgegs sgcumdbs. 2>. Vgeugrdb Vgeugrdb qug his Kgags pmgrdgl ul lmvgh eubldi gstâl ogrmdis b `glis dg hb `mtbd dg sus pultis dg Qmdb. 22. Bsmclb Bsmclb gh tgsiri bh pgrsilbkg qug rgbh`gltg hi gstâ bebrrgbldi. Um oby bhci dg iri, rgeugrdb bsmclbr bhci b his glblis dgh crupi, sm his oby. 26. His His pgrcb`mlis sg pugdgl bsmclbr b eubhqumgr `mg`fri dgh crupi pgri li b his fârfbris. Li gs pirqug li pugdbl hggr, smli pirqug dgseilaàbl y tg`gl b hb `bcmb. 25. Hb Hb titbhmdbd dg his `mg`fris dgh crupi `ugrg. Gs ul ogeoi dg hb vmdb bvglturgrb. Ghmkg sbfmb`gltg euâldi oumr y euâldi sgcumr hueobldi. 24. H Hbs bs pmstbs, sm sg usbl eil prudglemb, sil uli dg his trueis `âs vgrsâtmhgs qug cubrdbs gl tu `blcb.
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27. Um Um grgs ul bduhti kucbldi eil lmòis i ul kucbdir gxpgrti kucbldi eil kucbdirgs ebsubhgs i livbtis, gs pismfhg qug dgsggs gkgeutbr gh kugci ei`i ul kugci dg rih dg pbpgh y hâpmz trbdmemilbh, sml lgegsmdbd prgpbrbemõl ^idràbskucbràbl sgr gh `bgstri dghdg kugci y his itrisprgvmb. pbrtmempbltgs eil his bvglturgris. Obràbs ul sgcum`mglti dg his pultis dg Qmdb dg his `ilstruis, hblzbldi sus tmrbdbs dg @irbh y, gl cglgrbh, rgeirdâldihg bh kucbdir (i kucbdirgs) hbs rgchbs. His kucbdirgs dgemdmrâl hbs beemilgs pbrb sus pgrsilbkgs. Um kugcbs bsà, `bltíl gl sgergti hbs tbfhbs dg Vgbeemõl dg his `ilstruis. 21. Hbs Hbs bvglturbs sg pugdgl kucbr ulb dgtrâs dg itrb ei`i gl his ebpàtuhis dg ul hmfri. Gstg tmpi dg kugci eiltmlui sg hhb`b eb`pbòb. Gl ulb eb`pbòb, tus oírigs eilsgrvbl his lmvghgs, gh gqumpb`mglti y gh tgsiri beu`uhbdis gl his kugcis bltgrmirgs, hi qug hgs pgr`mtg glargltbrsg b dgsbaàis `âs crbldgs. Hbs ogrmdbs sg eurbl ei`phgtb`gltg gltrg his kugcis.
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^rgcultbs Argeugltgs ¹^ugdi sbqugbr his eugrpis dg `ms eb`brbdbs ebàdis9
Uà, b `glis qug gsebpbrbs dg ulb obfmtbemõl y dgkbrbs b tu eb`brbdb bhhà. ¹^ugdi eb`fmbr gqumpi gltrg dis pgrsilbkgs9
Uà, gl eubhqumgr smtubemõl, gxegpti durbltg ul ei`fbtg. Durbltg ul ei`fbtg, dis pgrsilbkgs qug dgsgbl mltgreb`fmbr gqumpis dgfgl rglulembr b sus btbqugs pbrb obegrhi. Hb br`bdurb y his gseudis pugdgl mltgreb`fmbrsg sihi sm his pgrsilbkgs sil dg hb `ms`b ei`phgxmõl (cugrrgris, fârfbris, pàebris y ehírmcis sil tidis eilsmdgrbdis dg hb `ms`b ei`phgxmõl, pgri his glblis, ghais y obhahmlcs li hi sil, pir hi qug ul glbli sihi pugdg usbr hb br`bdurb qug pgrtglgemõ b itri glbli). ¹^ugdg `m `bci g`puòbr ulb gspbdb9
Íh pugdg, pgri li sbfg usbrhb gl ei`fbtg `gkir dg hi qug usbràb ulb dbcb. Hb gspbdb eiltbrâ ei`i ul br`b hmcgrb eirtbltg gl sus `blis. ¹Ruí tbh sm ul `bci i ul pàebri ti`bl ulb gspbdb dg dis `blis9
Ug hgs pgr`mtg rgeicgr tbh br`b, pgri bûl eiltbrâ ei`i br`b hmcgrbb`fbs (-2 pbrb cihpgbr) gl ieupbdbs, sus `blis.liBdg`âs, dbdi qug `blis gstbrâl pidrâl
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hblzbr ogeomzis i dgsbr`br trb`pbs sm hhgvbl ul br`b b dis `blis. ¹^ugdi eirtbr ul trihh gl pgdbzis eil ul br`b bphbstbltg, ul ebfgstrmhhi i ul brei9
Li. Lgegsmtbs bh `glis ul br`b hmcgrb ei`i ulb dbcb. Bh rgtmrbrsg eiltrb ulb augrzb qug supgrb bh crupi, ¹ebdb `ilstrui btbeb ulb vgz i ebdb pgrsilbkg gs btbebdi sihi ulb vgz9
Ebdb `ilstrui btbeb ulb vgz. Wl Kgag eil `ûhtmphgs btbqugs usbrâ tidis sus gh crupi. Um his `ilstruis supgrbl gl btbqugs lû`gri eiltrb bh crupi, dmvmdg his btbqugs ei`i smg`prg. Um oby `glis `ilstruis qug pgrsilbkgs, ghmcg quí `mg`fri dgh crupi li gs btbebdi, smg`prg y eubldi rgbhmegs btbqugs eiltrb pgrsilbkgs qug sil idmbdis pir his `ilstruis. ¹^ugdgl his `bcis `g`irmzbr `ûhtmphgs eipmbs dgh `ms`i ogeomzi9
Uà. Wl `bci pidràb gltrbr gl ulb `bz`irrb eil trgs ogeomzis dg Uugòi i trgs dg Fihb dg Augci. Gh lû`gri dg ogeomzis LI gs gh lû`gri dg eilkuris qug gh `bci eilieg, gs hb ebltmdbd dg usis titbhgs dg eubhqumgrb dg his sgms ogeomzis qug gh `bci ob `g`irmzbdi. ¹^ugdgl his `bcis mltgreb`fmbr ogeomzis sm tglci `âs dg ul `bci gl gh crupi9
Li. Wl ogeomzi gstâ gl hb `gltg dgh pgrsilbkg. Li gs ul rihhi dg pgrcb`mli qug sg pugdg pbsbr b ul b`mci.
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¹Ruí hg suegdg b hb hmltgrlb sm gh pirtbdir dg hb hmltgrlb `ugrg9
Hb hmltgrlb ebg bh sughi pgri li sg bpbcb. ^ugdg sgr rgeicmdb pir itri pgrsilbkg bh amlbh dgh ei`fbtg. Um qumgrgs, itri pgrsilbkg pugdg rgeicgrhb durbltg gh ei`fbtg, pgrdmgldi su ipirtulmdbd dg btbebr gl gsg turli. Wl crupi sml hmltgrlb tmglg -6 gl tidbs hbs tmrbdbs dg Btbqug y Dgaglsb y li pugdg usbr br`bs b dmstblemb. Hi ûlmei qug gh crupi pugdg obegr sml ulb hmltgrlb gs rgtriegdgr su eb`mli pbrb sbhmr dg hb `bz`irrb. Gltilegs, sm gh pirtbdir dg hb hmltgrlb `ugrg, y hb hmltgrlb gstâ gl gh sughi, li gs ulb fuglb mdgb rgtmrbrsg dg gsg gleugltri obstb qug uli dg tus pgrsilbkgs obyb pgrdmdi ulb beemõl (pgrdmgldi ul btbqug) pbrb rgeicgr hb hmltgrlb. ¹Ug eilsmdgrb qug ul gseudi gs "br`bdurb" eubldi sg usb gh tír`mli br`bdurb, i gs ul ifkgti bpbrtg9
Li. Gh gseudi gs ul ifkgti mldgpgldmgltg b hbs pmgzbs qug ei`pilgl hb br`bdurb. ¹^ugdi dgkbr ebgr eubhqumgr tgsiri u ifkgti qug li qumgrb, pbrb qug li sifrgpbsg his hà`mtgs y eilsgrvg his qug prgamgri9
Uà. ^gri sm hugci vughvgs b hb obfmtbemõl dildg dgkbstg ebgr gh ifkgti i gh tgsiri, gstg obfrâ dgsbpbrgemdi. (] li pir brtg dg `bcmb, eubhqumgr `ilstrui grrbltg sg hi obfrâ hhgvbdi)
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Ehírmci; ¹sil hbs Fgldmemilgs y hb Eurbemõl dis eisbs sgpbrbdbs9
Uà, y sil gqumvbhgltgs b ogeomzis gl his gagetis dgh kugci, pir hi qug, pir gkg`phi, sm ulb rgchb dmeg qug "tidis his ogeomzis sg hblzbl b -2 gl gstb sbhb" , gsi tb`fmíl sg bphmeb b his usis dg Fgldmemõl y Eurbemõl. Wl ehírmci tmglg 5 ogeomzis dg Fgldmemõl y 5 usis dg hb obfmhmdbd dg Eurbemõl. His `bcis ei`mglzbl eil 5 ogeomzis y cblbl 2 pir ebdb lmvgh. ¹Gsi smclmameb qug gs 6 + Lmvgh (0 5 pbrb ul `bci prmlempmbltg), i 5 + Lmvgh (4 ogeomzis)9
6 + Lmvgh, pir hi qug ul `bci prmlempmbltg tmglg 5 ogeomzis bh ei`glzbr ulb pbrtmdb. His `bcis cblbl ul ogeomzi eubldi sufgl dg lmvgh, pgri tmglgl qug prgpbrbrhis bltgs dg ei`glzbr hb bvglturb. Gltilegs, ¹gsi smclmameb qug `mgltrbs gstâl gl ulb bvglturb, sm sufgl dg lmvgh, gl rgbhmdbd li cblbl ul lugvi ogeomzi obstb qug ei`mglegl su prõxm`b bvglturb, i pugdgl bòbdmr uli lugvi ml`gdmbtb`gltg eubldi bsemgldgl9
^ugdgl bòbdmr ul ogeomzi glsgcumdb. Ug supilg qug gh `bci gstbfb gstudmbldi gh eilkuri `mgltrbs sg bvglturbfb, pgri ebrgeàb dgh pidgr `gltbh fruti i dg hb eilamblzb pbrb usbrhi. Tbl prilti ei`i sg bòbdg gh lugvi ogeomzi, gh `bci sg db eugltb dg qug gstâ hmsti pbrb usbr gh lugvi ogeomzi. Ghai; gh gqumpi dg mlmemi dmeg br`b dg `bli, brei . ^gri gh ghai li pugdg tglgr b`fbs eisbs, yb qug gh brei gs ul br`b b 6 `blis. ‟
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Li pugdg tglgr b`fbs gl sus `blis bh `ms`i tmg`pi, pgri pugdg `bltglgr ulb gspbdb gl ulb vbmlb `mgltrbs usb gh brei, i vmegvgrsb. Gh eb`fmi dg br`bs rgqumgrg ulb beemõl, pir hi qug gh ghai pugdg eb`fmbr dg br`b mlehusi durbltg gh ei`fbtg y pgrdgr bsà ul btbqug. ¹Gh ogeomzi Vbyi sihi `btb b ul gsfmrri ebdb vgz qug sg hblzb9 ¹Gltilegs supilci qug gs sihi pbrb usbrhi eiltrb his kgags, i sm rgbh`gltg li tmglgs lmlculi `âs pbrb `btbr b ul gsfmrri9
Uà, pugdgs vmsubhmzbrhi ei`i ul rbyi qug ebg dgh emghi y cihpgb b ul sihi ifkgtmvi, b dmagrglemb dg hb Fihb dg Augci qug gxphitb gl ulb obfmtbemõl y cihpgb b `ueois ifkgtmvis bh `ms`i tmg`pi. ¹Hb tbfhb dg eilkuris bhgbtirmis gs sihi pbrb dgemdmr euâh gs gh ogeomzi gsermti gl ul pgrcb`mli9
Uà. Uihi sg usb pbrb dgtgr`mlbr gh eiltglmdi dg ul pgrcb`mli, i gl eubhqumgr ebsi ulb bvglturb tg dmeg qug obcbs ulb tmrbdb pbrb "ogeomzi bhgbtirmi". ¹^ugdg hb Eurbemõl dbrtg `âs pultis dg Qmdb dg his qug irmcmlbh`gltg tglàbs9
Li. Um betubh`gltg tmglgs 7 pultis dg Qmdb, gstâs ogrmdi y tg qugdbl 5, y hugci grgsysblbdi, gh `âxm`i qug tgldrâs bûl sgrâ 7. ¹Ruí suegdg eubldi ul pgrsilbkg ogrmdi sufg dg lmvgh9
Eubldi sufgs dg lmvgh, mlstbltâlgb`gltg bòbdgs 2 pulti dg Qmdb tblti bh titbh BETWBH ei`i bh titbh dg tus pultis dg Qmdb MLMEMBHGU. Gltilegs ul pgrsilbkg qug tglàb 7 pultis dg Qmdb, y aug ogrmdi obstb 5, qug sufg dg lmvgh, boirb tmglg 4 pultis dg Qmdb, y sm sg eurb,
?3
pugdg sblbr obstb 1 pultis (sus 7 irmcmlbhgs, `âs uli dgh lugvi lmvgh). Hb dgsermpemõl dg lmvgh dgh `bci mldmeb qug his ogeomzis gleiltrbdis gl bvglturbs sg bòbdgl bh rgpgrtirmi dgh `bci. ¹Ruí smclmameb gsi9
Gl gh kugci, sihi oby 1 ogeomzis fâsmeis. Gsis sil his `âs ei`ulgs y sil utmhmzbdis pir tidbs hbs rbzbs y euhturbs. M`prm`mrg`is ogeomzis bdmemilbhgs gl auturbs bvglturbs y suphg`gltis. Eubldi gleugltrgs uli dg gsis ogeomzis bdmemilbhgs gl ul pgrcb`mli, i tbh vgz gl ulb fmfhmitgeb, gh `bci tmglg hb ipemõl dg usbrhi ei`i ul pgrcb`mli i eipmbr gh eilkuri gl su hmfri dg ogeomzis pbrb usbrhi `âs bdghbltg. Gh ogeomegri LI cblb gh ogeomzi gxtrb, pgri eubldi sufg dg lmvgh, boirb pugdg ghgcmr gsg lugvi ogeomzi ei`i pbrtg dg his ogeomzis qug eilieg. Gkg`phi; @breus ‟gh ghg`gltbhmstb” gs ul `bci dg sgculdi lmvgh eil 4 ogeomzis ghgcmdis dg hb hmstb dg ogeomzis fâsmeis. Durbltg ulb bvglturb, íh gleugltrb ul pgrcb`mli eil ul lugvi ogeomzi hhb`bdi @bcmb @àstmeb. Boirb pugdg usbr gh ogeomzi ei`i ul sihi usi (bh mcubh qug eubhqumgr itri pgrcb`mli), pgri tb`fmíl tmglg hb ipemõl dg eipmbr gh ogeomzi gl su hmfri dg ogeomzis. Um eipmb gh ogeomzi, gh ogeomzi sg bcrgcb b hb hmstb dg ogeomzis qug @breus pugdg ghgcmr. Hb prõxm`b vgz qug pugdb bòbdmr ul ogeomzi (pirqug sufg dg lmvgh, i pirqug ghmcg lugvis ogeomzis pbrb itrb bvglturb), pugdg ghgcmr gltrg eubhqumgrb dg his sgms ogeomzis fâsmeis y @bcmb @àstmeb. Tgl gl eugltb qug gh rgpgrtirmi dg ogeomzis gs pgrsilbh, yb qug his `bcis sil `uy eghisis dg sus hmfris dg ogeomzis, y his blitbl gl eõdmcis sgergtis qug dmameuhtbl qug itris his hgbl. Um @breus `ugrg, li pugdgs pbsbr lmlcûl ogeomzi bdmemilbh qug gleugltrgs b itris `bcis dgh crupi, i b ul lugvi pgrsilbkg ergbdi pbrb rgg`phbzbr b @breus.
¹His kgags tmglgl bhcûl tgsiri eubldi bpbrgegl ei`i `ilstruis grrbltgs9
Li. ^ugdgs m`bcmlbr qug dgkbril gh tgsiri b sbhvi gl su cubrmdb.
??
¹His sgeubegs y kgags gleiltrbdis ei`i `ilstruis grrbltgs eugltbl pbrb pripõsmtis dg _^9
Uà. Wl kgag gleiltrbdi ei`i ul `ilstrui grrbltg tg db dgrgeoi b ulb tmrbdb dg _^ sm gs vglemdi. His sgeubegs gleiltrbdis ei`i bsgsmlbdis. `ilstruis grrbltgs sg bcrgcbl b tu hmstb dg `ilstruis ¹Wl kgag eugltb pbrb pripõsmtis dg _^ sm sg gsebpb9
Uà. Wl `ilstrui qug ouyg eugltb ei`i dgrritbdi, y pir hi tblti eugltb pbrb pripõsmtis dg _^.
?=
=>
=2
=6
Oikb dg Vgagrglemb Vâpmdb Cugrrgri; Eubhqumgr br`b, br`bdurb, gseudi. + Lmvgh Cugrrgri; pbrb tmrbdbs dg Btbqug. Ehírmci; Ehírmci; + + ° Br`bdurb Lmvgh b hbs hmcgrb tmrbdbsi dg Btbqug, + Lmvgh eiltrb li `ugrtis. pgsbdb, gseudi, br`b dg `bli, br`b b dis `blis, oildb. Hblzb Fgldmemõl 5 vgegs pir bvglturb. Obstb 5 vgegs pir bvglturb, pugdg eurbr d1 + Lmvgh pultis dg Qmdb. ^àebri; + L pbrb dgsbr`br trb`pbs y tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb. ^àebri; + Uihi br`bs y br`bdurb hmcgrbs. Li pugdg usbr gseudi. + L pbrb tmrbdbs dg Btbqug eiltrb Gsfmrris qug sil supgrbdis gl lû`gri. @bci; + L bh btbebr eil ogeomzis i gl tmrbdbs pbrb @bci; rgsihvgr puzzhgs i begrtmkis. Uihi br`bs hmcgrbs u oildbs. Uml br`bdurb lm gseudi. 6 ogeomzis + 2 / Lmvgh. Fârfbri; + L pbrb tmrbdbs dg Btbqug. Gseudi, br`bdurb Fârfbri; + hmcgrb, eubhqumgr br`b. Uml br`bdurb pgsbdb. Li pugdg usbr ifkgtis `âcmeis. Btbqug dg Mrb ulb Mrb ulb vgz pir pbrtmdb; tmrb gh dbdi dg Btbqug 5 vgegs, ghmcg gh `gkir rgsuhtbdi. Eiltrb ul Kgag, ul Btbqug dg Mrb mlahmcg 6 ogrmdbs. Ghai; + L pbrb tmrbdbs dg Btbqug y hblzb`mgltis dg Ghai; ogeomzis. Eubhqumgr br`bdurb, gseudi. 2 ogeomzi x L y pir bvglturb, sihi sm hhgvbs br`bdurb hmcgrb y LI usbs gseudi. +2 b his Btbqugs i ogeomzis eiltrb ireis. Glbli; + L pbrb tmrbdbs dg Btbqug, gxegpti eil br`bs b Glbli; + dmstblemb. +2 b tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb eiltrb trihhs, icris y cmcbltgs. +2 pbrb Btbqug eiltrb cifhmls. Eubhqumgr br`bdurb, eubhqumgr br`b. Ihgr gh tgsiri; tmrb d1 + L, eil ul 1+ dgtgr`mlb gh tgsiri bltgs dg dgemdmr sm btbebs. Bvbrmemb; ¡ul crupi eil dis i `âs glblis li pugdg Uifirlbr! Bsmclb smg`prg bh `glis ulb `ilgdb b ebdb
=5
glbli dgh crupi, sm gs pismfhg. Bh vgldgr cg`bs i kiybs, iftmglg ul 6>% `âs. Obhahmlc; + L b hbs tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb eiltrb cmcbltgs, Obhahmlc; + trihhs y icris. Br`bdurb hmcgrb, br`bs hmcgrbs y gshmlcbs sihb`gltg. Umlpbrb gseudis. + 2ulb pultis cbstb 2 Uugrtg vihvgr bLmvgh rgbhmzbr tmrbdbdg dg Uugrtg; Btbqug i Dgaglsb abhhmdb, i pbrb oumr dg ul ei`fbtg sml rgemfmr ul btbqug. ^riegdm`mglti dg Btbqug; (d1 Btbqug; (d1 + `idmamebdirgs) / Lmvgh dg `ilstrui 0 lû`gri dg gsfmrris bsgsmlbdis. Wl 2 gs smg`prg ul abhhi i pmamb. Wl 1 gs smg`prg ul cihpg. Btbebr b ul Kgag; d1 Kgag; d1 + `idmamebdirgs 0 mlahmcg 2 ogrmdb bh Kgag sm gh rgsuhtbdi gs mcubh i `gkir qug gh Lmvgh dgh Kgag. Wl 2 gs smg`prg ulb pmamb i abhhi. Wl 1 gs smg`prg ul cihpg. ^riegdm`mglti dg Dgaglsb; tmrb Dgaglsb; tmrb d1, +2 sm tmglgs gseudi, +2 pbrb br`bdurb hmcgrb, +6 pbrb br`bdurb pgsbdb. His ^àebris bòbdgl + L. Um gh rgsuhtbdi gs mcubh i `gkir qug gh Lmvgh dgh `ilstrui, li suargs lmlcûl dbòi. Wlb tmrbdb dg 2 smg`prg gs ul arbebsi, ul 1 smg`prg gs ul íxmti. Gl ebsi dg abhhi, bsu`g gh dbòi y his gagetis sgcûl hb dgsermpemõl dgh `ilstrui. Hbs tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb durbltg ulb rgtmrbdb gstâl gl +2. @idmamebdirgs dg tmrbdb dg dgaglsb; br`bdurb hmcgrb +2, br`bdurb pgsbdb + 6, gseudi +2, ^àebri; bòbdg gh Lmvgh dgh ^àebri, his glblis Dgamgldgl eiltrb ul trihh i cmcbltg eil +2, hb Dgaglsb Obhahmlc eiltrb trihhs, cmcbltgs u icris bòbdg gh lmvgh dgh `gdmbli. Gxphismõl dg Dbdis; sm Dbdis; sm gl ul dbdi sbhg ul 1, tmrb itri d1 y sû`bhi. (Gs beu`uhbtmvi) Vgbeemilgs; Tu crupi pugdg Btbebr prm`gri (b `glis Vgbeemilgs; Tu qug hb dgsermpemõl dgh `ilstrui mldmqug hi eiltrbrmi) i
=4
Gspgrbr b vgr quí obrâl his `ilstruis (tmrb gl hb tbfhb dg Vgbeemõl dgh `ilstrui sm gstg gs gh ebsi). Vgtmrâldisg dg ul ei`fbtg; Uihi ei`fbtg; Uihi gs pismfhg sm oby ulb pugrtb qug sg pugdb egrrbr/fhiqugbr gltrg gh crupi y his `ilstruis. His `ilstruis hblzbl ul ûhtm`i Btbqug pgri tus pgrsilbkgs Dgamgldgl eil +2. ^riegdm`mglti dg @irbh; @irbh; eubldi his Gsfmrris pmgrdgl `âs dg hb `mtbd dg su lû`gri, i gh Kgag pmgrdg `âs dg hb `mtbd dg sus pultis dg Qmdb, tmrb d1. Dg 2-5 his `ilstruis ouygl, dg 4-1 his `ilstruis hueobl.
B eiltmlubemõl tmglgs ul rgsu`gl dg hbs Tbfhbs dgh Kugci pbrb ulb eilsuhtb râpmdb. Litb dgh Trbduetir; gstb gs ulb trbdueemõl b lmvgh
bamemilbdi dg `m eipmb irmcmlbh gl mlchís, rgbhmzbdb sml âlm`i dg hueri. Um tg custb, pugdgs eihbfirbr eil gh butir ei`prbldi sus priduetis y byudbldi bsà b qug smcb hblzbldi auturis suphg`gltis y bvglturbs. Gl ottps;//www.b`bzil.gs ottps;//www.b`bzil.gs pugdgs gleiltrbr vbrmis vihû`glgs dg gstb eihgeemõl. (Aiur (Aiur Bcbmlst Dbrjlgss )
=7
TBFHB DG EILTGLMDI DG HB OBFMTBEMÕL (6d1) TMVBDB 6
EILTGLMDI Tgsiri gleiltrbdi; tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dgh Tgsiri.
5
Tgsiri pritgcmdi pir ulb trb`pb. Hblzb gl hb Tbfhb dg Trb`pbs y gl hb Tbfhb dgh Tgsiri. Um gs ul eirrgdir, vbeài. Dg hi eiltrbrmi, pbsb b hb Tbfhb Dg Gvgltis Gspgembhgs. Qbeài, pgri obz ulb tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Ebrbetgràstmebs Gspgembhgs. Obz ulb tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Fmeois y Bhm`bòbs. Obz ulb tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Gsfmrris i Ugeubegs. Um gs ul eirrgdir, vbeài. Dg hi eiltrbrmi, hblzb gl hb Tbfhb dg Gsfmrris. Qbeài. Um gs ul eirrgdir, vbeài. Dg hi eiltrbrmi, tmrb gl hb Tbfhb dg @ilstruis Gxtrbòis. Tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Kgag. Hugci tmrb d1. Bcrgcb +2 pir ebdb kgag i `ilstrui gxtrbòi qug obybs gleiltrbdi obstb boirb gl gh kugci. Um su titbh gs 1+, i sm gh dmsgòi dg hb `bz`irrb gstâ ei`phgti, ei`phgti, gstg gs gh kgag amlbh.
4 7 1 3 ? = 2>
22
26
Qbeài sm gs ul eirrgdir. Dg hi eiltrbrmi, hb obfmtbemõl gs hb cubrmdb dg ul pgqugòi drbcõl (vgr hb tbfhb dg Kgag pbrb hbs rgchbs dgh drbcõl). Gh pgqugòi drbcõl eugltb ei`i kgag y pugdg sgr gh kgag amlbh.
Eubldi ulb obfmtbemõl i ul pbsmhhi gstâl vbeàis, tbh vgz sihi hi bpbrgltgl bsà qug… ^ugdgs fusebr gl ulb obfmtbemõl vbeàb pbrb dgtgr`mlbr sm oby bhci ieuhti. ^ugdgs tglgr sugrtg y gleiltrbr tgsiris gseildmdis, i mlehusi pmstbs sifrg his sgergtis `âs iseuris dg hb `bz`irrb. Hbs rgchbs pbrb hb gxphirbemõl sg gleugltrbl gl hb pâcmlb 1?. Uml g`fbrci, hb fûsqugdb gs ulb betmvmdbd pghmcrisb. His pgrsilbkgs dms`mluygl hb vghiemdbd, sg qumtbl his ebseis pbrb vgr `gkir, glvbmlbl sus br`bs pbrb mlspgeemilbr hbs eisbs, y su eilstbltg cihpgtgi gl hbs pbrgdgs y gh pmsi pugdg btrbgr btglemõl li dgsgbdb.
=1
TBFHB DG EBVBETGVÀUTMEBU EBVBETGVÀUTMEBU GU^GEMBHGU (d1) BVTÀEWHI 2 6
5
4
7
1
DGUEVM^EMÕL Augltg; Tidis his pgrsilbkgs ogrmdis rgeupgrbl 2 Augltg; Tidis pulti dg vmdb hb prm`grb vgz qug gleugltrbl ulb augltg gl ulb bvglturb. Auturbs augltgs li tmglgl lmlcûl gageti. Tg`phi Fgldmti; Wl Fgldmti; Wl pgrsilbkg dg tu ghgeemõl cblb ul +2 gl Btbqug eiltrb `ilstruis i dg`ilmis li `ugrtis. Tbl prilti ei`i gh pgrsilbkg `btg bh `glis b ul li-`ugrti i dg`ilmi, hb filmamebemõl dgsbpbrgeg. Br`gràb; Tidis his pgrsilbkgs pugdgl eb`fmbr Br`gràb; sus br`bs sm hi dgsgbl, dgltri dg his hà`mtgs dg hbs br`bs pgr`mtmdbs pbrb su tmpi dg pgrsilbkg. ^ir gkg`phi, ul Cugrrgri qug gstbfb usbldi ulb gspbdb y ul gseudi pugdg dgsebrtbr su gseudi y ti`br ul br`b b dis `blis, i eb`fmbr su gspbdb pir ulb `bzb. Bhtbr @bhdmti; @bhdmti; Bh gltrbr gl hb obfmtbemõl, ul `mstgrmisi rgsphbldir g`blb dg ul bhtbr smlmgstri. Wl pgrsilbkg bhgbtirmi gstâ `bhdmti y boirb tmglg 2 gl sus tmrbdbs dg Dgaglsb. ^brb ri`pgr hb `bhdmemõl, gh pgrsilbkg dgfg `btbr b ul `ilstrui kgag sihi, i gltrbr b ul Tg`phi Fgldmti (vgr 6, brrmfb), i rgemfmr ul ogeomzi dg Fgldmemõl hblzbdi pir ul ehírmci. Gstbtub; pugdgs Gstbtub; pugdgs mclirbr hb gstbtub i tiebrhb. Um hb tiebs, tmrb d1. Dg 2-5, hb gstbtub sg dgspmgrtb y btbeb b tu crupi (kgag dg lmvgh 4 eil 1 pultis dg Qmdb, ml`ulg b tidis his ogeomzis, sm hb dgrritbs, gleugltrbs 5d1 x 2> pmgzbs dg iri dgltri). Gl ul 4-1, hb gstbtub sg ri`pg, y gleugltrbs 5d1 x 2> pmgzbs dg iri dgltri. Ubhb eil ^uzzhg; ^uzzhg; hb sbhb eiltmglg ulb ebkb dg ri`pgebfgzbs. Uu lmvgh gs d1. ^ugdgs mclirbrhi i trbtbr dg rgsihvgrhi. ^ir ebdb mltglti abhhmdi, gh pgrsilbkg qug mltgltb rgsihvgrhi pmgrdg 2 Qmdb. His `bcis y pàebris bcrgcbl su lmvgh b su tmrbdb dg Uihuemõl dg Begrtmkis. Um gh puzzhg sg rgsughvg, sg bfrg hb ebkb; obz ulb tmrbdb dg tgsiri pbrb dgtgr`mlbr su eiltglmdi.
=3
TBFHB DG TVB@^BU (d1) TMVBDB 2
TVB@^B Wl Dbrdi (lmvgh 6) btbeb b ul pgrsilbkg bh bzbr.
6
Wl Cbs Qglglisi (lmvgh 5) btbeb b tidis his pgrsilbkgs. Wlb Trb`pmhhb dg aisi (lmvgh 4) sg bfrg dgfbki dg his pmgs dgh pgrsilbkg qug glebfgzb gh irdgl dg `breob. Trb`pb pbrb Isis (lmvgh 4), omgrg bh pgrsilbkg qug glebfgzb gh irdgl dg `breob. Wlbs Hblzbs qug sbhgl dmspbrbdbs dg ulb pbrgd (lmvgh 7) btbebl b dis pgrsilbkgs bhgbtirmis. Wl Fhiqug dg ^mgdrb Cmcbltg (lmvgh 7) ebg sifrg gh ûhtm`i pgrsilbkg gl gh irdgl dg `breob.
5 4 7
1
TBFHB DG TGUIVIU (d1) TMVBDB > i `glis 2 6 5 4 7 1 i `âs
TGUIVI Li sg gleiltrõ lmlcûl tgsiri d1 pmgzbs dg iri 6d1 pmgzbs dg iri Wl pgrcb`mli eil ul ogeomzi bhgbtirmi Wlb cg`b dg vbhir 6d1 x 7 pmgzbs dg iri Wl brtàeuhi dg kiygràb pir vbhir dg 5d1 x 2> pmgzbs dg iri Wl ifkgti `âcmei bhgbtirmi dg hb Tbfhb dg Tgsiris @âcmeis (vgr b eiltmlubemõl).
=?
TBFHB DG GQGLTIU GU^GEMBHGU (d1) TMVBDB 2
6
5 4 7
GQGLTI Wl abltbs`b pbsb b trbvís dgh crupi. Tidis his pgrsilbkgs dgfgl dgagldgrsg argltg bh lmvgh 4 dg @mgdi i pgrdgr 2 vmdb. Wl ehírmci bcrgcb su lmvgh b gstb tmrbdb. His `ilstruis grrbltgs btbebl bh crupi. Tmrb d1; dg 2-5 tmrbdb sifrg hb Tbfhb dg Fmeois, 4 tmrbdb gl hb 2-5 Tbfhb dg Ugeubegs, 7 tmrb sifrg hb Tbfhb dg @ilstruis Gxtrbòis, 1 tmrb gl hb Tbfhb dg Kgag. Vgpmtg tmrbdb pbrb eubhqumgr pgqugòi drbcõl. Wl `ilstrui kgag hhgcbdi ei`i ul `ilstrui grrbltg li tmglg lmlculb pismfmhmdbd dg sgr gh kgag amlbh. Hb Db`b Fhbleb bpbrgeg y hg pmdg bh crupi qug ei`phgtg ulb fûsqugdb. Um begptbs, pbsb b hb Tbfhb dg @msmilgs. Um tg lmgcbs, ghhb dgsbpbrgeg. Mclirb eubhqumgr bpbrmemõl auturb dg Hb Db`b Fhbleb gl gh kugci. ¡Trb`pb! Tmrbdb gl hb Tbfhb dg Trb`pbs. Tg gleugltrbs eil ul eurbldgri grrbltg. Íh sblbrâ b tu crupi b eistb dg 2> pmgzbs dg iri pir pulti dg Qmdb sblbdi. Eurb tbltis pultis dg vmdb ei`i pugdbs. ^ugdgs gleiltrbr bh sblbdir sihi ulb vgz pir kugci. Um hi gleugltrbs gleugltrbs lugvb`gltg, lugvb`gltg, vughvg b tmrbr. Tg gleugltrbs eil ul bhqum`mstb grrbltg qug tg vgldgrâ ulb ^iemõl dg Eurbemõl pir `mg`fri dgh crupi (7> iris ebdb ulb) i ulb disms ûlmeb dg Qglgli pbrb hbs Br`bs Bamhbdbs (5> dg iri). Hb ^iemõl dg Ublbemõl eurbrâ tidis his pultis dg Qmdb pgrdmdis b ul sihi pgrsilbkg, y pugdg fgfgrsg gl eubhqumgr
1
`i`glti ei`ilbr ulb crbtumtb. Gh Qglgli tg pgr`mtg glvglglbr glvglg ulbbeemõl sihb ahgeob i ul br`b eirtbltg (li ul br`b bphbstbltg). Gsb br`b tgldrâ ul +2 gl Btbqug eiltrb gh prm`gr glg`mci eiltrb gh qug pghggs. Gh Qglgli li aulemilbrâ gl `ilstruis li `ugrtis, dg`ilmis, hm`is, butõ`btbs i gstbtubs vmvmgltgs. ^ugdgs eiliegr b ul bhqum`mstb grrbltg sihi ulb vgz pir kugci. Um hi gleugltrbs dg lugvi, trbtb gstg rgsuhtbdi ei`i ulb trb`pb.
==
TBFHB DG TGUIVIU @ÂCMEIU (d1) TMVBDB 2
6
5
4
7
1
TGUIVI Qbrmtb dg Uugòi; Uugòi; pgr`mtg bh usubrmi hblzbr gh ogeomzi Dir`mr 5 vgegs bltgs dg qug sg bcitg su glgrcàb. Uihi his `bcis y ghais pugdgl usbrhb. Uu`b gh lmvgh dgh usubrmi pbrb dgtgr`mlbr hb tmrbdb dg ogeomzis, ei`i hi obràbs eil gh ogeomzi Dir`mr hblzbdi pir gsg pgrsilbkg. Blmhhi dg Tghgtrblspirtbemõl; Tghgtrblspirtbemõl; hg pgr`mtg bh usubrmi pbsbr buti`âtmeb`gltg ulb tmrbdb dg Dgaglsb `ivmgldi b gsg pgrsilbkg augrb dg hb sbhb. Gsg pgrsilbkg li pugdg ti`br pbrtg gl gh ei`fbtg betubh, pgri vughvg b ulmrsg bh crupi tbl prilti ei`i tgr`mlg gh ei`fbtg. Dgspuís dg ul usi, gh blmhhi pmgrdg sus pidgrgs y sg eilvmgrtg gl ul sm`phg blmhhi dg iri eil vbhir dg 2d1 + 2 pmgzbs dg iri. Iri dg his Lgemis. Lgemis. Gstbs pmgzbs dg iri `âcmebs (pgri abhsbs) pgr`mtmrâl bh usubrmi sifirlbr buti`âtmeb`gltg bh prõxm`i `ilstrui qug sihmemtg si hmemtg ul sifirli. Li m`pirtb hi qug pmdb gh `ilstrui, bpbrgegrâ hb suamemgltg ebltmdbd ei`i pbrb sbtmsabegr su eidmemb. Gstg gs ul ifkgti `âcmei dg ul sihi usi. Br`b @âcmeb. Db @âcmeb. Db +2 b hbs tmrbdbs dg Btbqug dg su usubrmi. Gstg gs ul ifkgti `âcmei pgr`blgltg pgr`blgltg.. Tmrb d1 pbrb dgtgr`mlbr su tmpi; 2 br`b dg `bli hmcgrb bphbstbltg, 6 br`b dg `bli hmcgrb eirtbltg, 5 br`b dg `bli bphbstbltg, 4-7 4-7 br`b br`b dg `bli dg eirtg, 1 brei. ^iemõl dg Eurbemõl; sg Eurbemõl; sg pugdg fgfgr gl eubhqumgr `i`glti,Gsti sblbldi b ul sihiulb pgrsilbkg pgrdmdb. li rgqumgrg beemõl.tidb GstghbgsQmdb ul ifkgti `âcmei dg ul sihi usi, utmhmzbfhg pir tidbs hbs ehbsgs gxegpti his fârfbris. Fbstõl dg Fihb dg Augci; Gstg Augci; Gstg fbstõl hg pgr`mtg b su usubrmi hblzbr ogeomzis dg Fihb dg Augci dis vgegs, hugci sg bcitbl sus pidgrgs. Uihi his `bcis pugdgl usbrhi. Bcrgcb gh lmvgh dgh usubrmi pbrb dgtgr`mlbr gh hblzb`mglti dg ogeomzis, ei`i hi obràbs eil ul ogeomzi dg Fihb dg Augci hblzbdi pir gsg pgrsilbkg.
2>>
TBFHB DG FMEOIU ] BHM@BÒBU (d1) TMVBDB 2
6
5
4
7
1
EVMBTWVB 5d1 rbtbs. rbtbs. Lmvgh 2, sml tgsiri. Eubhqumgr pgrsilbkg ogrmdi tmglg ulb prifbfmhmdbd dg 2 gltrg 1 dg pgrdgr 2 Qmdb bdmemilbh dgfmdi b ulb ogrmdb mlagetbdb. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-5 ouygl, 4-1 pghgbl. 5d1 `uremíhbcis vb`pmri, vb`pmri, lmvgh 2, sml tgsiri. His ogeomzis sg hblzbl b -2 dgfmdi b sus eomhhmdis qug dmstrbgl. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-5 ouygl, 4-1 pghgbl. pghgbl. 6d1 crupi dg cifhmls, cifhmls, lmvgh 5, tgsiri -2, `irbh -2. Vgbeemilgs 2 ouygl, 6-5 ouygl sm his supgrbl gl (d1); lû`gri, 4 sifirli (7 iri x cifhml), 7-1 pghgbl. d1 emg`pmís cmcbltgs, cmcbltgs, lmvgh 5, sml tgsiri. Eubhqumgr pgrsilbkg ogrmdi pir ul emg`pmís cmcbltg dgfg gvmtbr gh vglgli dg lmvgh 6 i pgrdgr 2 vmdb bdmemilbh. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouygl, 6-5 ouygl sm supgrbl gl lû`gri, 4-1 pghgbl. d1 rblbs vb`pmri, vb`pmri, lmvgh 4, tgsiri -2. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouygl, 6-4 hueob, 7-1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg 6d1 rbtbs gsqughítmebs, gsqughítmebs, lmvgh 5 `ugrtis vmvmgltgs, sml tgsiri. His btbqugs dg br`b bphbstbltg su`bl +2 eiltrb rbtbs gsqughítmebs, pgri li pugdgl sgr btbebdbs eil breis y oildbs. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-6 ouygl, 5-1 hueobl.
His fmeois sil ulb sufehbsg dg gsfmrris. Dgrritbrhis li db tmrbdb dg Gxpgrmglemb (_^).
2>2
TBFHB DG UGEWBEGU ] GUFMVVIU (d1) TMVBDB 2
EVMBTWVB d1 + 6 gsqughgtis gsqughgtis i d1 zi`fmgs zi`fmgs (7>% dg prifbfmhmdbd). Lmvgh 5 li-`ugrtis. Uml tgsiri. Hbs br`bs bphbstbltgs btbebl b his gsqughgtis gl +2. Hbs ahgeobs gstâl gl -2 eiltrb b`fis. Gsqughgtis y zi`fmgs luleb pilgl b prugfb hb `irbh. Vgbeemilgs; smg`prg hueobl obstb hb `ugrtg.
6
d1 + 5 cifhmls. Lmvgh cifhmls. Lmvgh 5, tgsiri -2. His cifhmls tmglgl 2/1 dg iftglgr Uirprgsb (betûbl bltgs qug gh crupi). Um gs bsà, tmrb d1 gl su tbfhb dg rgbeemilgs b eiltmlubemõl. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouygl sm hgs supgrbl gl lû`gri, 65 sifirli (7 iri pir cifhml), 4-1 hueob. d1 oifcifhmls. Lmvgh 4, Tgsiri +2.
5
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Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouygl sm hgs supgrbl gl lû`gri, 665 sifirli (2> iri pir dugldg), 4-7 hueob, 1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg. d1 + 2 ireis. Lmvgh ireis. Lmvgh 4. His ireis tg`gl b hb `bcmb y dgfgl prifbr hb `irbh ebdb vgz qug uli i `âs `ugrbl pir ul ogeomzi. Um ul ogeomzi obeg qug su lû`gri ebmcb pir dgfbki dgh 7>%, pildrâl b prugfb su `irbh gl -2. Luleb tmglgl ifkgtis `âcmeis gl su tgsiri; gl su hucbr, trbtb eubhqumgr ifkgti `âcmei ei`i pmgzbs dg iri d1 x d1. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-6 sifirli (2> iri pir irei), 5-7 hueob, 1 pghgb obstb hb `ugrtg.
7
d5 trihhs. trihhs. Lmvgh 7, Tgsiri; lir`bh. His trihhs sg rgcglgrbl, b `glis qug sgbl bsgsmlbdis pir ul ogeomzi, i qug ul pgrsilbkg usg ul btbqug pbrb eirtbr ul trihh yb `ugrti gl pgdbzis. Um gsti li suegdg, tmrb ul dbdi pir ebdb trihh `ugrti gl su prõxm`i turli. Eil ul 7 i 1, gh trihh vihvgrâ b hb vmdb y eiltmlubrâ hueobldi. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-6 hueob, 5-1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg. Um oby ul glbli gl gh crupi, his trihhs hueobrâl buti`âtmeb`gltg obstb hb `ugrtg.
1
6d1 Aulkms. Lmvgh Aulkms. Lmvgh 5, Tgsiri; lir`bh. Eubhqumgr pgrsilbkg qug rgemfb dbòi dg gstis oilcis cmcbltgs cmcb ltgs dgfg tmrbr eiltrb vglgli dg lmvgh 5 i pgrdgr 2 Qmdb. His obhahmlcs su`bl su lmvgh gl gstb tmrbdb. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-6 sifirli (d1 iri pir oilci), 5-1 hueob.
@bltíl ul rgeuglti dg tidis his gleugltris eiltrb gsfmrris. Uifrgvmvmr b 2> gleugltris eiltrb gstis tg db ulb tmrbdb dg _^ eil -2.
2>6
Tbfhb dg Ogeomzis Bhgbtirmis (d1) TMVBDB 2
OGEOM[I Fgldmemõl
6 5 4 7 1
Fihb dg Augci Vbyi (i Vghâ`pbci) Dir`mr Gsebpbdb ^ritgcgr
Tbfhb dg Ei`phmebemõl dg Tgsiris Ieuhtis (d1) TMVBDB 2-6 5-7
1
EI@^HMEBEMÕL ¡Ug betmvb ulb bhbr`b, btrbygldi `ilstruis grrbltgs b hb obfmtbemõl! Gh iri gstâ pritgcmdi pir ulb trb`pb. Gh lmvgh dg hb trb`pb gs mcubh bh lû`gri qug sbebstg gl gstb Tbfhb (5, 4 i 7). Wl pàebri pugdg mltgltbr dgsbr`br hb trb`pb. Um li tmglgs lmlcûl pàebri, hb trb`pb btbeb b ul bvglturgri bh bzbr, mlahmcmgldi 2 ogrmdb sm li pugdg Ubhvbrsg, y 6 ogrmdbs sm sbeb ul 2. Wl abltbs`b (lmvgh d5 + 2) pritgcg gh iri. Wl ehírmci pugdg mltgltbr dgsvblgegr bh abltbs`b (tmrb d1 `âs gh lmvgh dgh ehírmci, gh abltbs`b sg dgstruyg sm gh ehírmci sbeb ul lû`gri mcubh bh lmvgh dgh abltbs`b i `byir). Um li oby ul ehírmci gl gh crupi, i sm gstg li pugdg ghm`mlbr bh abltbs`b, tidis his pgrsilbkgs pmgrdgl 2 Qmdb y hugci gh abltbs`b dgsbpbrgeg.
2>5
TBFHB DG KGAGU (d1) TMVBDB
@ILUTVWI
2
@i`mb. Lmvgh 7 li-`ugrtis, 4 pultis dg Qmdb, 6 @i`mb. btbqugs, tgsiri +6. Tidi pgrsilbkg bsgsmlbdi pir ulb `i`mb sg eilvmgrtg gl itrb `i`mb y dgfg sgr ei`fbtmdi pir gh crupi. Hbs `i`mbs sil btbebdbs b +6 pir gh ogeomzi Fihb dg Augci. Hbs `i`mbs luleb pilgl b prugfb hb `irbh. Vgbeemilgs; smg`prg hueob.
Irei Frutbh. Frutbh. Lmvgh 7, 7 pultis dg Qmdb, 6 btbqugs, tgsiri +2 pgri li pugdg tglgr lmlcûl ifkgti `âcmei, gl su hucbr, 6d1 x d1 pmgzbs dg iri.
6
Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 sifirli (7> iri), 6-7 hueob, 1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg.
Icri. Lmvgh 7, 1 pultis dg Qmdb, tgsiri lir`bh. Ebdb Icri. Lmvgh cihpg dg ul icri mlahmcg 6 pultis dg vmdb dg dbòi.
5
4
Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 sifirli (5> iri), 6-5 hueob, dg 4-1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg.
@gdusb. Lmvgh 4, 4 pultis dg Qmdb, tgsiri +2. Bh @gdusb. ei`mglzi dg hb fbtbhhb tidis dgfgl tmrbr eiltrb ul btbqug dg `mrbdb dg lmvgh 4 i sgr eilvgrtmdis gl pmgdrb. His pgrsilbkgs pgtrmamebdis qugdbl augrb dgh kugci obstb qug sg hblzb ul ogeomzi dg Fgldmemõl sifrg ghhis. His pàebris su`bl hb `mtbd dg su lmvgh b gstb tmrbdb dg sbhvbemõl. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 sifirli (1d1 iri), 6 `msmõl, 5-7 hueob, 1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg.
2>4
7
Ugòir dgh Ebis. Lmvgh Ebis. Lmvgh 1, 4 pultis dg Qmdb, 5 btbqugs, 6 tmrbdbs dg tgsiris eil +2. Bltgs dg qug ei`mgleg hb hueob, tmrb d1 pbrb dgtgr`mlbr sm gh Ugòir dgh Ebis tmglg pidgrgs gspgembhgs; 2-5 sml pidgrgs, 4 `bh dg iki (his pgrsilbkgs dgfgl tmrbr 4+ i gstbr b -2 gl tidbs hbs tmrbdbs dg dgaglsb obstb qug gh sgòir dgh ebis `ugrb), 7 drglbkg dg glgrcàb (eubhqumgr pgrsilbkg qug rgemfb ulb ogrmdb dgh sgòir dgh ebis dgfg tmrbr 4+ i pgrdgr 2 lmvgh), 1 gxphismõl dg augci dgh mlamgrli (bltgs dgh ei`fbtg, tidis his pgrsilbkgs dgfgl tmrbr 1+ i pgrdgr 6 pultis dg Qmdb: his Ehírmcis su`bl ° lmvgh b gstb tmrbdb) . Eubldi `btbs b ul Ugòir dgh Ebis, tmrb ul dbdi: eil 7 i 1 ul pgrsilbkg dg tu ghgeemõl gleugltrb ulb ^mstb (vgr hb pâcmlb 32). Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouyg sm hg supgrbl gl lû`gri, 6 hueob, 5-1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg.
1
Drbcõl ^gqugòi. Lmvgh ^gqugòi. Lmvgh 1, 7 pultis dg Qmdb, 6 btbqugs, 5 tmrbdbs dg tgsiris eil +2. Gl ebdb turli dgh drbcõl, tmrb d1, eil 2 i 6 gh drbcõl gxpmrb augci, mlahmcmgldi 2 dbòi b tidis his pgrsilbkgs qug li dgamgldbl gl ei`pbrbemõl bh lmvgh 1 dgh bhmglti dgh drbcõl (ebdb pgrsilbkg su`b ° lmvgh, rgdildgbdi obemb bfbki). Um gh drbcõl li gxpmrb, `ugrdg b 6 pgrsilbkgs bhgbtirmis. His pgqugòis drbcilgs luleb pugdgl sgr `ilstruis bhgbtirmis. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 Dur`mgldi (tidis his pgrsilbkgs pugdgl btbebr b +6 gl su prm`gr btbqug), 6-5 sifirli (tidi gh iri dgh crupi, eil ul `àlm`i dg 2>> dg iri i ul ghg`glti `âcmei), 4-7 hueob, 1 `msmõl.
Dgrritbr b ul kgag db ulb tmrbdb dg Gxpgrmglemb (_^).
2>7
TBFHB DG @ILUTVWIU G_TVBÒIU (d1) TMVBDB
@ILUTVWI @mlitburi. Lmvgh 7, 4 pultis dg Qmdb, 6 btbqugs, @mlitburi. Lmvgh tgsiri lir`bh. Dgfmdi bh pidgr dg su ebrcb dg
2
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tiri, hb prm`grb Dgaglsb idmbl eiltrbb his ul `mlitburi gstâ gl tmrbdb -2. His dg `mlitburis obhahmlcs (gl rgbhmdbd, hgs glebltb dgvirbrhis). Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2-6 sifirli (1> iri), 5-4 hueob, 1 hueob obstb hb `ugrtg.
^hbcb dgh Omgrri. Omgrri. Lmvgh 5, 4 pultis dg Qmdb, 5 btbqugs, lmlcûl tgsiri. Hbs tmrbdbs dg dgaglsb eiltrb gh ei`gdir dg omgrri li tmglgl hb filmamebemõl dg hb br`bdurb pgsbdb (gseudi y br`bdurb hmcgrb sm). Um gh `ilstrui cihpgb, gh pgrsilbkg li rgemfg dbòi pgri pmgrdg su br`bdurb, gseudi, br`b prmlempbh i 5d1 dg iri, gl gstg irdgl. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouyg, 6-5 sifirli (d1 iri pbrb dmstrbgr b hb ermbturb, li pugdgs glcbòbr b hb ermbturb eil gh iri dg his lgemis), 4-1 hueob.
Rum`grb. Lmvgh 7, 1 pultis dg Qmdb, 5 btbqugs, Rum`grb. tgsiri lir`bh. Gl ebdb uli dg his turlis dg hb qum`grb, tmrb d1. Eil 2 i 6, hb qum`grb gxpmrb augci gl hucbr dg rgbhmzbr sus `ûhtmphgs btbqugs. Tidis his pgrsilbkgs dgfgl sbhvbr eiltrb gh augci dg lmvgh 4 i pgrdgr 2 Qmdb. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 sifirli (7> iri), 6-1 hueob.
2>1
4
Ebtifhgpbs. Lmvgh 4, 4 pultis dg Qmdb, tgsiri +2. Ebtifhgpbs. Lmvgh Tidis his pgrsilbkgs bh ei`mglzi dg hb fbtbhhb dgfgl dgagldgrsg eiltrb ul btbqug dg `mrbdb dg lmvgh 4 i pgrdgr 2 vmdb. Vgbeemilgs (d1); 2 ouyg, 6-1 hueob.
7
Brbòb Cmcbltg. Cmcbltg. Lmvgh 7, 5 Qmdbs, 6 btbqugs, 6 tmrbdbs dg tgsiris. His pgrsilbkgs qug rgemfbl ulb ogrmdb dgfgl tmrbr eiltrb vglgli dg lmvgh 5 i pgrdgr ulb vmdb bdmemilbh. Dgfmdi b hb rgd dg hb brbòb, gh crupi li pugdg rgtmrbrsg dg gstb pghgb b `glis qug hblegl ul ogeomzi dg Fihb dg Augci pbrb qug`br hb tghbrbòb. Vgbeemilgs; smg`prg hueob.
1
Crg`hmls Mlvmsmfhgs. Mlvmsmfhgs. Wlb fbldb dg crg`hmls mlvmsmfhgs rifb d1 + 5 ifkgtis bh crupi. Dgfgs gltrgcbr ifkgtis dg eubhqumgrb dg tus pgrsilbkgs gl gstg irdgl dg prgagrglemb; ifkgtis `âcmeis, pgrcb`mlis, piemilgs, br`bs, cg`bs, `ilgdbs (gl pbqugtgs dg 2> iris ebdb uli). Um his crg`hmls rifbl TIDI tu gqumpi, dgkbrâl ul `glsbkg dg bcrbdgem`mglti qug eugltb ei`i pmstb. His crg`hmls li tmglgl gstbdàstmebs dg ei`fbtg pirqug gs m`pismfhg hueobr eiltrb ghhis. Gleiltrbrsg eil ghhis li db tmrbdb dg _^.
@ilstruis Gxtrbòis siltmrbdb gqumvbhgltgs b his Kgags. ulHis @ilstrui Gxtrbòi db ulb dg Gxpgrmglemb (_^).Dgrritbr b
2>3
TBFHB DG FÛURWGDB i DG @MUMÕL (d1) TMVBDB 2
6
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1
IFKGTMQI ¡Trâg`g su ebfgzb! Hb ebfgzb! Hb ermbturb hg pmdg bh crupi qug `btg b ul `ilstrui kgag. Tmrb gl hb Tbfhb dg Kgag pbrb dgtgr`mlbr b qumíl. Hb prõxm`b vgz qug gh crupi sgdg gleugltrg eil ulusbr kgagbhglkgag ulbdgobfmtbemõl, gl hucbr hblzbr, pugdgs hb `msmõl. @btbr bh kgag y hhgvbr su ebfgzb b hb obfmtbemõl dg hb ermbturb ei`phgtb hb `msmõl. ¡Trâg`g iri! iri! ^brb ei`phgtbr hb `msmõl, gh crupi dgfg trbgr ul tgsiri d1 x 7> b gstb sbhb. Um yb tmglgl gsb ebltmdbd dmspilmfhg, hb ebltmdbd rgqugrmdb pbrb ei`phgtbr hb fûsqugdb sg duphmeb. ¡Hi qumgri vmvi! Ei`i vmvi! Ei`i gh 2, brrmfb, pgri gh crupi dgfg si`gtgr bh kgag, btbrhi eil ulb eugrdb y hhgvbrhi b hb obfmtbemõl dg hb ermbturb pbrb ei`phgtbr hb `msmõl. ^brb si`gtgr b ul `ilstrui, dgfgs usbr gh ogeomzi Dir`mr i hueobr eil -2 gl tidbs dg hbshbtmrbdbs btbqug (cihpgbr hb pbrtg phblb oikb i dg trbtbr dg liqugbr bh eil kgag gl hucbr dg `btbrhi). ¡Trâg`g gsi! gsi! ^bsb b hb Tbfhb dg Ifkgtis @âcmeis pbrb dgtgr`mlbr euâh gs gh ifkgti. Ebdb vgz qug gh crupi `btb b ul kgag, oby ulb prifbfmhmdbd dg 2 gltrg 1 dg qug tglcb gsg ifkgti bdg`âs dg su tgsiri, sm hi tmglg. ^brb ei`phgtbr hb fûsqugdb, gh crupi dgfg trbgr gh ifkgti b hb sbhb dildg ei`glzõ hb `msmõl. ¡Dgkb qug hb pbz sgb tu eb`mli! ^brb eb`mli! ^brb ei`phgtbr hb fûsqugdb, gh crupi dgfg ei`phgtbr bh `glis trgs gleugltris gl hb bvglturb dg ulb `blgrb li vmihgltb. mlehuyg sifirlis, iftglgr Gsti byudb dg rgbeemilgs `ilstruis, ei`i rgbhmzbr itrb fûsqugdb (¡li gstb!), i dgrritbr b ul `ilstrui eil gh ogeomzi Dir`mr y hugci btbrhi eil ulb eugrdb. ¡@btb b tidis his `ilstruis! `ilstruis! ^brb ei`phgtbr hb fûsqugdb, tidbs hbs sbhbs dg hbs `bz`irrbs dgfgl gstbr trbzbdbs y tidis his ieupbltgs dgfgl sgr bsgsmlbdis, eil hb gxegpemõl dg hb ermbturb qug glvmõ bh crupi b gstb `msmõl. Tbl prilti ei`i sg eu`phbl gstbs eildmemilgs, gh crupi pugdg rgehb`br su rgei`pglsb. r gei`pglsb.
Eubldi sg ei`phgtb ulb fûsqugdb, tmrb gl hb Tbfhb dg Vgei`pglsbs Ípmebs.
2>?
TBFHB DG VGEI@^GLUBU Í^MEBU (d1) TMVBDB 2
6
5
4
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VGEI@^GLUB Gh Hmfri dg Ujbhmtis. Bh Ujbhmtis. Bh crupi sg hg gltrgcb gh hmfri dg ogeomzis qug pgrtglgemõ bh hgcgldbrmi `bci Ujbhmtis. Gstg eugltb ei`i ul pgrcb`mli dg ebdb uli dg his sgms ogeomzis. ^ugdgs hbspbrb pâcmlbs y dmstrmfumr his sgms ogeomzis gltrgri`pgr gh crupi utmhmzbrhbs ei`i pgrcb`mlis, i dgkbr gh hmfri tbh ei`i gstâ y bsmclbrhi b ul sihi pgrsilbkg. Gh hmfri gs vmgki y arâcmh, y sg dgstruyg sm gh pgrsilbkg qug hi hhgvb gs bsgsmlbdi pir gh bhmglti dgh drbcõl. Um li sg utmhmzb, gh hmfri sg pugdg vgldgr pir 17> pmgzbs dg iri bh amlbh dg hb bvglturb. ¡Gh iri dg Jgrrbj Dbr! Gh Dbr! Gh crupi rgemfg hb ufmebemõl dgh tgsiri qug pgrtglgemõ b ul glbli. Tbl prilti ei`i fusqugl gl ulb obfmtbemõl y cglgrg bh `glis ulb pmstb, pugdgl usbr gsb pmstb pbrb gleiltrbr ul eiarg ieuhti qug eiltmglg 7>> pmgzbs dg iri. Br`b glebltbdb. glebltbdb. Wlb dg hbs br`bs dgh crupi gstâ glebltbdb y boirb pugdg hblzbr dis dbdis pbrb sus tmrbdbs dg Btbqug, gh `gkir Gh br`b tb`fmíl pugdg ghmcmgldi ogrmr `ilstruis qugrgsuhtbdi. s ihi pugdgl sihi sgr cihpgbdis pir `bcmb. Gh glebltb`mglti durb obstb gh amlbh dg hb bvglturb. Gseudi dg Bdvgrtglemb. Wli Bdvgrtglemb. Wli dg his gseudis dgh crupi boirb gstâ glebltbdi y eugltb ei`i pritgeemõl mlehusi sm gh usubrmi gs sirprgldmdi pir `ilstruis grrbltgs i sm gh crupi ouyg dg ul ei`fbtg. Um gh crupi li tmglg gseudis, sg hgs dbrâ uli. Gh gseudi dg bdvgrtglemb gs pgr`blgltg y durbrâ durbltg tidb ulb eb`pbòb. Ug pugdg vgldgr pir 6>> pmgzbs dg iri. Ahgeob Bsgsmlb. Gh Bsgsmlb. Gh crupi rgemfg ulb ahgeob ahg eob qug mlahmcg buti`âtmeb`gltg 5 ogrmdbs b ul `ilstrui. ^bsb b hb tbfhb dg Kgag pbrb dgtgr`mlbr quí `ilstrui sg vg bagetbdi pir hb ahgeob. Hb ahgeob sihi pugdg sgr utmhmzbdb pir ul pgrsilbkg eil ul brei. M`pbetb buti`âtmeb`gltg eiltrb su ifkgtmvi dg `ilstrui dmsgòbdi. Wlb vgz utmhmzbdb, hb ahgeob sg ri`pg. Um li sg utmhmzb, sg pugdg vgldgr pir 5d1 x 27 pmgzbs dg iri. Uà`fihi Ubcrbdi dg Eurbemõl. Eurbemõl. Gh crupi rgemfg ul sà`fihi sbcrbdi qug sihi pugdg usbr ul ehírmci. Gh ehírmci obrâ tidbs hbs tmrbdbs dg eurbemõl b +6 obstb qug `ugrb. Eubldi gh ehírmci `ugrg, gh sà`fihi sbcrbdi sg pugdg ei`prbr b hb mchgsmb dgh ehírmci. Um gh sà`fihi y gh eugrpi dgh ehírmci bsgsmlbdi sg gltrgcbl b hb mchgsmb, ul mltglti dg rgsuemtbr b gsg ehírmci sgrâ pbcbdi pir hb mchgsmb. Um li sg usb, gh sà`fihi sbcrbdi sg pugdg vgldgr pir 3>> pmgzbs dg iri.
Ebdb hbrgei`pglsb suegdg sihi ulbUmvgz eb`pbòb. @breb rgei`pglsbípmeb eubldi sg iftglcb. sbhgpir lugvb`gltg, vughvg b tmrbr obstb qug sg sghgeemilg ulb rgei`pglsb dmagrgltg.
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UM TG CWUTBL HIU HMFVIKWGCIU I I HIU KWGCIU DG VIH GL UIHMTBVMI, QMUÀTBLIU GL; ottp;//`blpblc.fhicspit.ei`/ ottp;//`blpblc.fhicspit.ei`/
