Cuantificación de Proteínas de Nostocc

 

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL JOSÉ MARÍA ARGUEDAS

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA AGROINDUSTRIAL

“CUANTIFICACIÓN DE PROTEÍNAS DE LLULLUCHA, Nostoc commune, commune, RECOLECTADAS DE LA LAGUNA DE PACCOCCHA DEL CENTRO POBLADO DE LLIUPAPUQUIO LLIUPAPUQUIO -SAN JERÓNIMO-ANDAHUA JERÓNIMO-ANDAHUAYLAS YLAS - 20!"

PRESENTADO POR  SALAS VILLANO TANIA SAYORI LOA ORTEGA LI# YOMIRA QUISPE BUENDIA RUTHSANA DAICY HUACHUILLCA MA$UICO EVER  RIMACHI DIA# TITO RODRIGO CABE#AS YOBANA QUISPE HUAM%N MARILU#

ANDAHUAYLAS – PERÚ 2014

 

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL JOSÉ MARÍA ARGUEDAS

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA AGROINDUSTRIAL

commune, “CUANTIFICACIÓN DE PROTEÍNAS DE LLULLUCHA, Nostoc commune, RECOLECTADAS RECOLECTA DAS DE LA LAGUNA DE PACCOCCHA DEL CENTRO

POBLADO DE LLIUPAPUQUIO -SAN ERÓNI!O-ANDAHUAY ERÓNI!O-ANDAHUAYLAS LAS 2014"

ASESOR 

!#$% L&' A'&$()* T+(# G*$*

T&'(')* + ./1'3*. 4&.1'+* '.1 5 36&* + M3&*(*5*' A&*.+61&'5 + 5' E365' P&*7*.'5 + I..&8' A&*.+6 A&*.+61&'5 1&'5

ANDAHUAYLAS – PERÚ 2014

2

 

ÍNDICE

DEDICATORIA...... DEDICA TORIA................ ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ................................................. ...................................... 4 PRESENTACIÓN.. PRESENT ACIÓN............ ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..............................5 ...................5 AGRADECIMIENTO........ AGRADECIMIEN TO................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ....................................... ............................. 6 RESUMEN.............. RESUMEN... ..................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ..................... ............................................... .................................... 7 INTRODUCCIÓN......... INTRODUCC IÓN................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ........................................... .................................8 8 OBJETIVOS.......... OBJETIVOS ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............................. .................. 9 MATERIAL MA TERIAL Y MÉTODOS.... MÉTODOS.............. ..................... ...................... ..................... ............................................... ..................................... 9 RESULT RESUL TADOS....... ADOS................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ............................................... ..................................... 11 DISCUSIÓN........... DISCUSIÓN. ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................... ..................... ............................................. ................................... 1 CONCLUSIONES.... CONCL USIONES.............. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................................... .........................15 15 RE!ERENCIAS BIBLIOGR BIBLIOGR"!ICAS.... "!ICAS............... ..................... ..................... ...................... ................................ .....................16 16 ANE#OS......... ANE# OS.................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ................................ ..................... 18



 

DEDICATORIA

 A nuestros

queridos padres , quienes

brindar brin daron on el apoyo apoyo incondic incondicion ional al para

nos lograr  lograr 

nuestrass metas y a quienes debemo nuestra debemoss todo lo que  somos hoy, a nuestros

hermanos por su

compre com prensi nsión ón y la motiva motivació ción n que nos diero dieron, n, a  Dios quién supo guiarnos por el buen camino y  por darnos las fuerzas para alcanzar este sueño hoy hecho realidad.

4

 

PRESENTACIÓN E5 4& 4&.1 .1 1&'(' 1&'(')* )* ++ ./ ./1'3 1'39., 9.,  5 16+ 16+** +5 +5 ./5 ./5 4&*183* 4&*183*  4&.1 . 5' '5'  Nostoc conmune, &3 &3*5 *531' 31'+' +' . 5' 5'6. 5'6.'' + P'33 P'33*3 *33* 3*3: 3:'' +5 +5 C.1& C.1&** P* P*(5' (5'+* +* + L564 L564'4 '46; 6;6* 6* < S' S'.. J J&9. &9.= =** 5' 5' < A A46& 46&=' ='33 P P&? &?

. .1& 1& 5* = = +  1 1=( =(& & '

 N*/=(&  N*/=( & +5 20!, . 1* = 5' '5'  .36.1&'. .36.1&'. 3*=451'=.1 ='+6&* > 4&.1'. 5' =@=' 3*5*&'39. /&+ *4'3* > /&+ &*'5'3' E. 5 3*.1.+* 3*.1.+*  /&@ 5 + +'&&*555* '&&*555* + 5' /' /'56'39. 56'39. * '.'5 '.'5 + +3:' +3:' ='1&' + 16+* 16+* + ./1 ./1'3*. '3*.  /'569 =@ + 6.'' 4&*4 6. 4&*4 +' +'++ 7 73* 3* ;6 ;6= =3 3** + +55  No  Nost stoc oc co conm nm une un e   3* 3*.. ?.3' ?.3' 7.'5+'+ + *(1.& *(1.& 5' 36'.173'3*. + 4&*1.' ;6 4* 4*. .

5

 

AGRADECI!IENTO

A 5' U./&+'+ N'3*.'5 A&'&' A&'&' 5' =*5.'- ' 5' F'3651'+ + I.+61&' A5=.1'&', ' .61&* 4'+& S*78', L6, M'1'', C'&5*, T T*='' *='',, P+&*, E/', F&'.33*, A.53' A.53' > F&=8. A(5'&+*, M&'. > F&=8., ' .61&* :&='.* D'/+, P+&*, J6'., N*&=', S1*,, J:*/ S1* J:*/'.', '.', A+* A+*57*, 57*, ' 5' M3 L6 A63 A63.' .' T* T*&& && G'&38 G'&38', ', ' .61&* .61&* '=* > 3*=4'&* G&*. > A(5, ;6. . +6+'& .* 3*5'(*&'&*. . 5 +'&&*55* +5  4&*>31*

6

 

RESU!EN A316'5=.1 5' .+61&' '5=.1'&'  :' /1* 6)1' ' &* 3'=(*, +(+* ' ;6 5' ='>*&8' + 5* 3*.6=+*& 1@. *41'.+* 4*& 5* 4&*+631* =@ .'16&'5 ;6 (.73. '5 *&'.=*, >' ;6 . 5' '316'5+'+ 5* 4&*+631* ;6  3*=&3'5'., .* *. 1'. (.73**, 4*&;6 .* 4&.1'.  4&*4+'+  4&*4+' + .3' .3'&' &' 4'&' 5 & :6='.* > 4*& .+ 5 3*.6=* 3*.6=* + 5*  4&*+631*  4&*+6 31* .'16&'5 .'16&'5 > *&@.3* 1. ='>* ='>*&& +='.+' +='.+' . 5 =&3'+* =&3'+* 3*=* '5=.1*, 3*=13*, 645=.1*, 19.3* &)6/.3+*&, .1& *1&* P*&  55* 1& 1&'(')* + ./1'3*. ./1'3*. 1. 3*=* *( *()1/* )1/* +1&=.& 5' 3'.1+'+ 3'.1+'+ + 4&*1.' ;6 4&.1' 5 '5' L565563:'  Nostoc conmune), 615'.+* 5 =1*+* N 20K + 5' AOAC < )5+':5, ;6 3*.1 . =651453'& 5 3*.1 3* .1.+ .+** + .1 .1&* &*. .*, *, +1&= +1&=.' .'+* +* 4*& 6. 7'3 7'31*& 1*& + 1&'.7 1&'.7*&= *&='3 '3*. *. +5 .1&*.* . 4&*18.' E1 *()1/* 1' . (' ' 5' .3+'+ + &*5/&  5' 4&*(5='13' '5=.13' S6. 5* 16+* '.1 &'5'+* 4*& *1&' .1+'+, 5*&'&*. +1&=.&  '51* '51* 4*& 4*&3 3.1' .1') ) + 4&* 4&*1 1.' .' > *1& *1&* * 3*= 3*=4*. 4*..1 .1 =4*&1 =4*&1'. '.1 1 4'&' 4'&' .61& .61&'' '5=.1'3*. E. 1 1&'(')'+* &'5'+*  5*'&&*. +1&=.'& 4&*1.', 3.', :6=+'+, 3'&(*:+&'1*, 7(&' > 45'', + 5' 36'5 6. ' .61&* *()1/* *5* .* .1&' 5' 3'.1+'+ + 4&*1.' ;6 1' 4&.1' 5 '5' L565563:'   Nostoc conmune).  

F.'5=.1 F.' 5=.1 +4 +46 6 + &'5'& 5* 4&*3+ 4&*3+=.1 =.1* * 4'&' 1' +1&=.'3* +1&=.'3*., ., 3*.3 3*.356 56= =* * ;6 ;6 5 '5' '5'  Nostoc conmume, &3 &3*5 *531' 31'+' +' + 5' 5'6. 5'6.'' + P'33*33*3:' P'33*3 3*3:' +5 C.1&* P*(5 P*(5'+* '+* + L564'46;6*, L564'46;6*, . 5' /*5639. + '.@5 783* < ;68=3* + 00 + =61&' 4&.1'. . (' 3' > . (' :?=+' *.   > 00  &431 &431/'=.1 /'=.1 + 4&* 4&*18.', 18.', 0 > 002 002 7(&',  > 0  &'' 2 > 0 , 3.' , 02 > 2 > 0 >     :6= :6=+ +'+ '+ , 5' 36 36'5 '5 4& 4&.1' .1'.. 3*=4* 3*=4*. ..1 .1 76. 76.+' +'= =.1' .1'5 5 > 7

 

 ('5'.3'+'  ('5'.3 '+' . , 4;6 4;6' ' 4&*4*&3* 4&*4*&3*. .

46+. 3*.1.& 3*.1.& 5' &'. '=' +

 4&*4+'+  4&*4+' + .3' .3'&' &' 4'&' 5 3&3= 3&3=.1* .1* > +'&&*55* +5 & :6='.*

INTRODUCCIÓN E5 3*. 3*.6= 6=** + '5=. '5=.1* 1* .' .'+3 +36'+ 6'+* * 4&* 4&*+63 +63. . '51 '51&' &'3* 3*. . > 3' 3'6' 6'.. .7&=+'+ ' 5* 5'&* ;6 4''. 5 1=4*, 4*& .+ 5 3*.6= +  4&*+631* '.+.* 3*=* 3*=* 5' '5' L565563:'  Nostoc  Nostoc conmune), conmune), 46+ & 6.' '51&.'1/' + *563*., >' ;6 5' 4&*4+'+ ;6 1' 4&.1' *. /'5*' > + &'. 4&*/3:* 4'&' 5* 3*.6=+*& R431* ' 5' ./1'3*. +'&&*55'+', 3'( =.3*.'& ;6 5* =1*+* + '.'5 1@ (''+* . 1'4' 76.+'=.1'5 3*=* &3*533*. + +'1*, &3*533*. + =61&', 1&'1'=.1* 73*, /'56'3*. + 4&*1.', +(+* ' 1' 4&*(5='13' + '5=.1'3*. ;6  631', 1 4&*>31* '4*&1'&' 5* 3*.*3=.1* 4'&' 5' 5' /'5*&'3*. + .61&* &36&* .'1&'5 > + 1' ='.&' 4'&' 4*+& +'&5 6. /'5*& '&'+*

8

 

OBETI.OS GENERAL D1&=.'& 5 ./5 4&*13* + 5' '5' N*1*3 3*.=6. L565563:', + 5' 3*=6.+'+ + L564'46;* < S'. J&9.=* ESPECIFICO C6'.173'& 5' 4&*18.' + 5' '5' N*1*3 3*.=6. 3*531'+' . 5' 5'6.' + P'.33*33*3:'

  !ATERIAL Y !/TODOS E5 ='1&'5 + ./1'3*. ./1'3*.  =&'=.1 =&'=.1 + 5' +1&=.'3 +1&=.'3*. *. + 6 4&*4+'+ 4&*4+'+  4&* 4&*1 1.' .' +5 +5 L5 L5655 65563: 63:'' nostoc conmune 3*. 3'&'31&813' R+*.+ R+ *.+** 3*5* 3*5*&& /&+ /&+** ** ./651* ./651* 4*& 6.' 3'4' 3' 4' 1 1&. &.'' 7&=, 7&=, 5' =@ =@=' =' 3*5 3*5*&' *&'39 39.. /&+ /&+ > '.'& '.'&'. '.)' )'+' +' *4'3 *4'3** 3*=* 3*=* , 7*&= 7*&='' &+*.+' > 5* + 3*5*. 3*5*.' ' &3*531'+' . 5' '516&' + P'33* C3*3:' 6(3'+* . 5' 5*3'5+'+ + L54'46;6* +1&1* + S'. J&9.=*, 4&*/.3' + A.+':6'> A.+':6'>5', 5', +4'&1'=.1* + A46&8='3 MATERIALES  M*&1&* 02  E4@165' 02  P5'3' P1& 0!   45'3' + 

 4*&35'.' C'&163:*

 

EQUIPOS  M675'  )5+':5  S*51:  E167'

+



 

B'5'.' '.'5813'

REACTIVOS A.:8+&+*7*79&3* S53'5

%3+* 35*&:8+&3*

1&'339. 

M'1&'3 + 00



' 0 =5 1&'31*& 

É1& D1853*

9

 

1'(5'+* 3*.   44=

  !ETODOS '  ( 3 + 

D1 D1&=.'3 &=.'39. 9. + :6=+ :6=+'+ '+  ?. ?. 5 =1*+* =1*+* AOA AOAC C 0! 0! D1&=.'39. + 33.' .' ?. 5 =1*+* AOAC 2 20 0 D1 D1&=.'3 &=.'39. 9. + &'' &'' 3&6 3&6+' +'  ?. ?. 5 =1*+* =1*+* A AOAC OAC20 20 D1 D1&=.'3 &=.'39. 9. + 7(&' 7(&'  ?. ?. 55 =1*+ =1*+** A AOAC OAC 0 0 D1 D1&=.'3 &=.'39. 9. + 4&*18 4&*18.' .'  ?. ?. 5 = =1*+* 1*+* AOA AOAC C 20K 20K

D(()*$+)(# ( 3+3(*( D(()*$+)(# 3+3(*(## C*)* ( &(#* Nostoc conmune (g)   P&( 5 1 P&(5 2 P&( 5 6 P&( 5 4  4&*18.'

0



!

2

! 2

2!

!

&'' 3&6+'

02K!

02!

0

0K

7(&'

K

!!2

2!

2!

:6=+'+

02!

00K

00

!K

A% D(( D(()* )*$+) $+) ( 7*#* 7*#* #( #( +( +()( )( 3+ 8* 9+& 9+&8*: 8*: de gr grasa asa=

W 1−W 1   × 100 W 

D*.+ W 1 W 1

W 

  4* + ='1&' 33*. *. &''    4* +5 ='1&' *5*    4* + 5' =61&'



AOAC .1&.'3*.'5, K0

B%

D(()*$;) D( L* H&( (*    

P'& 6.' 3'.1+'+ ++ =61&' + 222  + .*1*3 3*.=6. 3*.=6. > &1&'&  /'5*& 3*=* M S 3*5*3' . 45'3' P1& +(+'=.1 &*165'+* S 3*5*3' =61&' . 167' 3' 3'&& 4*&  D46 +5 1=4* 4&/1*  &1&' &1&'.+* 5 /'5*& 3*=* =

S +1&=.' 5 4*&3.1') + :6=+'+ 3*. 5' 7*&=65' 6.1 1$

 

de hu hume medad dad

 M −m   X =100  M 

  D*.+ M ='' .3'5 .  + 5' =61&' = ='' .  +5 4&*+631* D1&=.'39.  &'59 . ! :*&' M+'.1 M+' .1 5 4&*3 4&*3* * . 6.' 167' 4* 4*&&  :*&' AO AOAC AC .1&.'3* .1&.'3*.'5, .'5, K0

C%

D( D(( ()* )*$ $;) ;) ( $() $()'* '*## 26%06 06 ( 8* AOA OAC? C? 

M61&' (. :*=*.* . 3&*5 4&/'=.1 1'&'+*,  3'&(*.'&' 5' =61&' 5.1'=.1 + '>6+' + 6. 1&@.65* + 4*&35'.' > 6. =3:&*



+ (6.. 4'&' =61&' . *5+* P*1&*&=.1 .3.&'& .3.&'& . 6.' = =675' 675' :'1' ;6 5' 5' 3.' 1. 1. 5(& + 3'&(*.* 36'.+* 5' 3.' 4&.1. 3*5*& (5'.3* &@3*, .7&'& 5 +3' + 3'+*& +*&,, 4 4'& '& > 3' 3'536 5365'& 5'& 5 4*& 4*&3. 3.1') 1') + 3 3. .' ' 3*. 5' 6 6.1 .1 7*&=65' AOAC, .1&.'3*.'5 K0

[

de cenizas =

 ]

 1 −W  2  2 W  1

W 

100

 4* + 3&*5 3*. =61&' . &'=* 2 4* +5 3&*5 *5* *5* . &'=* (5'.+*  4* + =6 =61&' 1&' . &'=* &'=*

D%

D( D(( ( ) )*$ *$; ;) ) ( P P+ +(@ (@)* )*## 20% 0%  ( ( 8* AOAC OAC – ( (8 8* *8? 8? C*5*3'& 7*&=65' + +1&=.'39. P&*18.' ml pr probl obl−ml mu mues estra tra  N =¿ ( meq )( Normalidad− A sulfurico)

 

¿

 x 100  peso real real de la muestra

 proteina  prot eina=(%N )( 6.25 )

RESULTADOS 11

 

R651'+* '.@5 783*-;68=3' + L565563:'  Nostoc conmune 1* E.'>* N 0-020!- 5'(*&'1*&* UNALM  N + =61&'

E.'>*

R651'+*

R651'+*

 N*1*3

D1&=.'39. + 4&*18.' D1&=.'39. 3.' D1&=.'39. + &'' D1&=.'39. 7(&' D1&=.'39. 3'&(*:+&'13* D1&=.'39. :6=+'+

B  2  0 02 --------

B: 00 0 0, 002 2 ,!

3*.=6.  

Grafca del análisis Proteíco (nostoc con conmune) mune) R&' &'() ()*+ *+, ,-' B B' '   5.2 5.2% % . .59 59% %

R&'( &'()* )*+, +,-' -' B B/ /9 960 6094 94% % $01 $016% 6% $01 011% 1%

7$.92%

  19.61%

$.65% $.$

%$$.$

%$$.$

%$S '.'59 5' 4&*4+'+ + 5' '5' nostoc conmune  3*. 5' 7.'5+'+ + + *(1.&  *(1.&  5 ./5 4&*183* 4*& 5 ;6 /=* /=* . 5* &651'+* &651'+* 5 4*&3.1') +5 3*.1 3*.1.+* .+* +  4&*4+'+ ;6

4&.1'. &'. 4'&1 3'&(*:+&'1* > . ./5 ;65(&'+* +

 4&*18.'

DISCUSIONES 

S :' +=*1&'+* ;6 5 L565563:'  Nostoc conmune!  5 =)*& '5=.1* >' ;6 3*.1. 4&*1.' . 4*&3.1') +  ' 0 , ;6 '+=' 3*.1.. 12

 

3'&(*:+&'1* . +1.1' 4&*4*&3*. 3*=* ='1&'5 + &&/' :'1' . 6. 

02 . (' 3' > 2  . (' :6=+' =61&'. .*&= /'&'(5+'+ > '+'41'39. .1& K0 > !00 =1&* *(& 5 ./5 +5 ='& 46&' &3' . .1&9.* ;6 7'/*&3. 5 3&3=.1* +5 N*1*3 3*==6. 3*= =6.  E1 E1' ' 3'.*( 3'.*('31 '31& &' ' 3&3. 3&3. 4 43 3'5= '5=.1 .1 . 4 4*3' *3' + 556/' 556/', , 7*&='.+* 3*5*.' 5'1.*' 7&3' ;6 75*1'. 5(&=.1 4*& 5 (*&+ + 64 64&7 &73 3  + 5' 5' 5'6 5'6.' .' > '= '=( (. .1 1 =6 =6>> :? :?= =+* +*  L* 36 36'5 '5 1 1. . '5 '51* 1* 3*.1.+* + 4&*18.', 4&*18.', &'', =.&'5 G6=@., G'1*, C'55)', 200 200 

 

L' '5' N*1*3 3*==6. 1.. '453'39. . 5' .+61&' 3*=13', +.1&* + 5* =@ 3*=6.  46+ = =.3*.'& .3*.'& 3*=* 5 5,, ='3'&55', =65*., =65*., 3:'=4?, 5*3*. > 3&=', > .1& 6 6*  +1'3'. 5* 1&'1'=.1* 1*. 1*.73 73'. '.1 1, , : :+& +&'1 '1'. '.1 1, , &)6 &)6/ /. .3 3+* +*& & > '. '.1 13 356 56581 5813 3* * 3'&(*:+&'1* > 6. 3' .1.1 4*&3.1') + &'' '+=@ *. &3' &3 ' . =.&' =.&'5 5,, *( *(& & 1*+ 1*+** 3'5 3'53* 3*,, 79 797*& 7*&*, *, *+*, *+*, 4*1' 4*1'** > ='. ='.* * V1'=.' A, B > C A5=.1* .&13* 3*. &'. 3'.1+'+ + 4&*18.', > =6>



 (')* . &'' &'' >?% E5 '5' N*1*3 3*==6.  6.' 3'.*783' 7*191&*7' > 7)'+*&' +5 .1&9.*,  /(5 /( 5 . 5* 65* '53' '53'5.* 5.* + 5' P'=4' P'=4' D4&= D4&=+' +' P* P* 6.' 7*&=' 7&3', + 3*5*& '65 - //&+** &+** > + 3*. 3*.1.3' 1.3' 5'1.* 5'1.*' '% >6?%



E. 6.' .361' .361' &'5'+' '5 /& ;6 5' &'. ='> ='>*&8' *&8' + 5' 4&*.' .* 3*.*3 + 1' '5' .*1*3 3*==6. 3*==6. >' ;6 6 /. /.1' 1' .*  =6> '33(5 '33(5 4*&;6 .*  6. 4& 4&*+ *+63 631* 1* ;6 ;6  . .&' &'5= 5=. .1 1 5* / /.+ .+'. '. . 5* =&3 =&3'+ '+* * >

5* 5*

64&=&3'+* S. =('&* 3*. 1' ./1'39. +36(&=* ;6 5 36:6&* 1. 6. '51* /'5*& .61&3*.'5 > ;6  6.' &'. 76.1 + 4&*18.' . 1'5 &'+* ;6 46+ 55'& ' &=45''& ' 5' 3'&. . .61&' +1' +'&' P*& 6 '(*&  .61&* > 6 &'.+ (.73* 4'&' 5 & :6='.*, 5 36:6&* 1. =63:* +&/'+* >' ;6  46+ .356& . *4', 6*, 13 . . (' (' 14

 

:?=+'   > 00  &4 &431/'=. 31/'=.1 1 + 4&*18.' 4&*18.',, 0 > 002 002 7(&',  > 0  &'' 2 > 0 , 3.' > 0 >  :6=+'+ , 5' 36'5 *. 3*=4*..1 3*=4*..1 76. 76.+'=.1' +'=.1'5 5 > ('5'.3'+' ('5'.3'+' 1* .* .* 453' 453' ;6 .  4;6' 4&*4*&3*.  4;6' 4&*4*&3*.  3*.1. 3*.1... 5' &'. '=' + 4&*4+'+ 4&*4+'+ .3' .3'&' &' > 76.3*.'5 4'&' 5 3&3=.1* > +'&&*55* +5 & :6='.*

15

 

REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRKFICA BIBLIOGRKFICAS S 

A56=- +4'&1'=.1* + B*5*8' A.='5 > H6='.' F'3651'+ + B*5*8' U./&+'+ + L' H'('.' >5, E&.1, G&'3, J'3*(, 



A5/'&-H A5/'& -H&.@. &.@.+, +, S, + L'&'L'&'-I' I', , G, A&& A&&6. 6.-E4. -E4.*', *', R, &&6., &&6., -S'.1*> 1*>*, *, A W R* R*+& +&8 86 6-R* R*= =&* &*,, I*5 I*5'1 '1* *.. '. '.++ 4' 4'&1 &1' '55 &33,& & 33,& -S'. 3:'&'31&'1*. *7 &'77., ' 531. 7&*= 1: M3'. .+=3 '5' C*+6= &'77' S5/' A  



A.1( .1(''31& 1&''5

(&*= &*=*4 *4: :..*5 *5

7&* 7&*=

1: 1:

='& '&. .

& &++

'5 5''R: R:*+ *+*= *=5'

3*.7&*+ P:>1*3:=1&> T. C 200 

A61&'5 S6==& I.1161 ASI XIII U.+&1'.+. 4:>3'5, 3:=3'5 '.+  (*5*3'5 4&*3 . 1: ='&. ./&*.=.1 C'=46 U./&+'+ + C*.3439., D3=(& 0 202 - E.&* 2, 20



C.3' C. 3' A.1@&13 A.1@&13' ' U.' *4*& *4*&16.+ 16.+'+ '+ 4'&' ..*/'& E+1: F5*& H&.@.+ H&.@.+,, C**&+.'+*&' + P&*>31*, I.1161* A.1@&13* C:5.* A(&5 20, 200



E16+* =651-+345.'&* + 5* 4&*3* + 43'39. . '5' )=45* +5 '5' '5' 4'&+ 4'&+'' 5 5*. *.' ' . .& & 3 3. . :6 :6&* &* . .& &* * T55 55 &, &, F L' L'(* (*&'1 &'1*& *&* * + D/&+'+ M*5365'&, F'3651'+ + C.3' +5 M'&, U./&+'+ C'1953' +5  N*&1, C'=46 + + C C*.3439., C*.3439., C:5 A A(&5 (&5 , 20 20



E1& E 1&'3 '31 1

*7 C C&' &'= =6= 6=

&6(& &6(&6= 6=,,

M'1 M'1*3 *3'& '&46 46

1 15 55' 5'16 16 '. '.++ L'= L'=. .'& '&' '

+1'1' .:(1 &*Z1: *7 ='&. '.+ 7: 4'1:*.3 ('31&' '1 3*5*3'55> &'513 3*.3.1&'1*. D6((& D, H'&+& T 200K  



I.7*&='39. 1&&1*&'5 > 5' +='&3'39. > *&+.'39. 1&&1*&'5 A.+':6'>5' A.+':6'>5' 2002  6.:'., G C:. 16+ *. 1: +(5 (56&. '5', N*1*375'55&7*&= ' &/Z, "ournal of Applied Applied #hycology, #hycology, 0 -! K  L63'.* C&6, M'&8' E H*5'+*, M* R*+&86, G&5+' M6, R61: L''&1, M'&8' Y C'*&5' E16+* (*593* + 5' L565563:', F'3651'+ +3.3' B*593', C*.)* + I./1'39., U./&+'+ M*&' M, B [55''&+, L P /1, F B*&3:.6 W H B'55/, +1*&200



M'16.''

S

I*5'1*.

*7

''4&' &'33+-2

7&* &*= =

'

='& &..

4*.

E3:.*35'1:&'B*+/&1> 4&*131*. '.+ +4&*. '4453'1*. 1* 1: G657 *7  L*. G6.,  O(&/'1*&* O3'.*593*, B'.>65\M& B'.>65\M&,, F&'.3 E.&* 2, 

202  N5 G6&1'7 L'&:=, D&31*& +5 )'&+8. B*1@.3* + Q61* K 16

 



O773'5 M1:*+ *7 A.'5> *7 1: A*3'1*. *7 A.'5>13'5 C:=1 1: + A*3'1*. *7 O773'5 A.'5>13'5 C:=1, G'1:&(6&, USA- AOAC 0

3:'& '&+1 +1,,    R3:

SD SD,, ' '&* &*Z Z, U U,, H H&* &*5+ 5+,, M MJ J,, L L:+ :+& &,, F, U1 U1& &=] =]:5 :5. .,, O O,,

'.+ R3:'&+1 HM 20 

S4 A ' 4*1.1 3>1*1*.T*3*. , K0-K! 200



T:'556 *&'.'1*.  S'5+'.:', R, M*:&, G, B57*&1, M, '.+ L'=(*Z1, A M 



U*' R, I1* A, I6='Z' M, M'+' S, T'' M, S:.->' , Y*:+' M200



UNALM, 20!



#*+* N'&'.)*, F5*&.3* G*&'78' > *&+.'39. +5 1&&1*&* K

EB: 

:114\\Z'1+'5\.*1*33*==6.:1=   :114\\Z'1+'5\.*1*33*==6.:1=

 

 :114\\ZZZ(*+/&1>5(&'&>*&\4'&1\22 :114\\1 :114\ \1**53*=\ **53*=\'\&*'4 '\&*'4&5.+ &5.+*+64\ *+64\ *87* \5-36:6&*



ZZZ&443*=4\20-0-0ZZZ&443*=4\20 -0-0-'.3':-5'.3':-5- $&#&+ -.7'51'(5



M3&*'5' '.+ 3>'.*('31&' 7**+ 7*& 1:*6:1 1:*6:1

ANEOS 

17

 

18

 

19