Crowd and Crisis Management PPT

Maritime Education and Training

Crowd Management, Passenger Safety, and Safety Training for Personnel providing direct services to passengers in passenger spaces. IMO Model Course 1.28 and

Proficiency in Crisis Management & Human Behavior Training, Including Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety & Hull integrity Training IMO Model Course 1.29 www.alsafeenah.com

Fayeq Faye q Masalme Masalmeh, h, Marine Ch. Eng. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Course Outlines 

Introduction to STCW 95



Crowd Management Training



Familiarization Training



Safety Training



Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety and Hull Integrity Training



Crisis Management and Human Behavior Training

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Fayeq Faye q Masalme Masalmeh, h, Marine Ch. Eng. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Course Outlines 

Introduction to STCW 95



Crowd Management Training



Familiarization Training



Safety Training



Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety and Hull Integrity Training



Crisis Management and Human Behavior Training

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Fayeq Faye q Masalme Masalmeh, h, Marine Ch. Eng. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

STCW Convention Reg.V/2 Mandatory minimum requirements for the training and qualifications of masters, officers, ratings and other personnel on ro-ro passenger ships

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Fayeq Faye q Masalme Masalmeh, h, Marine Ch. Eng. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

( 1 ) Introduction STCW 78 and STCW 95 

(International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers, 1978). 1978)



The 1995 amendments, which completely revised the Convention, entered into force on 1 February 1997.

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

(2) Master, officers and other personnel designated on muster lists to assist passengers in emergency situations on board ro-ro passenger ships shall have completed training in crowd management as specified in section A-V/2, paragraph 1 of the STCW Code www.alsafeenah.com

Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

( 3) Masters, officers and other personnel assigned specific duties and responsibilities on board ro-ro passenger ships shall have completed the familiarization training specified in section A-V/2, paragraph 2 of the STCW Code.

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

(4) Personnel providing direct service to passengers in passenger spaces on board ro-ro passenger ships shall have completed the safety training specified in section A-V/2, paragraph 3 of the STCW Code.

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Fayeq Faye q Masalme Masalmeh, h, Marine Ch. Eng. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

(5) Masters, chief mates, chief engineer officers, second engineer officers and every person assigned immediate responsibility responsibility for embarking and disembarking passengers, loading, discharging discharging or securing cargo, or closing hull openings openings on on board ro-ro passenger ships shall have completed approved a pproved training in passenger safety, cargo safety and hull integrity as specified in section A-V/2, paragraph 4 of the STCW Code.

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Fayeq Faye q Masalme Masalmeh, h, Marine Ch. Eng. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

(6) Masters, chief mates, chief engineer officers, second engineer officers and any person having responsibility for the safety of passengers in emergency situations on board ro-ro passenger ships shall have completed approved training in crisis management and human behaviour as specified in section A-V/2, paragraph 5 of the STCW Code www.alsafeenah.com

Fayeq Faye q Masalme Masalmeh, h, Marine Ch. Eng. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Introduction Ro- Ro passenger ships Disasters

Herald of Free Enterprise



Scandinavian Star



Estonia



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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Herald of Free Enterprise 6/3/1987 UK 

459 passengers ( extra passengers carried )

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Proceed to sea with bow door open



Ch. officer was under pressure



Capsized and 188 passenger died

Recommendation after action Indicator lights, closed TV circuit, draft gauges, reporting & logging ,securing doors, securing cargo, and emergency escapes . www.alsafeenah.com

Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Scandinavian Star  7/4/1990 Norway 99 crew ( 90 new ) and 383 passengers ,153 died Fire in accommodation and no search for other fires No drills carried out for the new crew 

Recommendation after action Sprinkler and fire detecting systems, safety training, fire patrol, fire doors indicators, fire alarms functions, counting people when abandoned ship www.alsafeenah.com

Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Estonia 28/9/1994 Baltic Sea 

989 people aboard , 139 survived

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Bow w.t rubber seal was worn

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Strong wind and high waves

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Securing devices and hinges broken

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Sound from the bow and speed not reduced

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Delay of abandon ship alarms



Officers not watching TV monitors

Maritime Education and Training

First training Crowd Management

Maritime Education and Training

Crowd Management Training

Life-saving appliances and control plans



Passengers assistance to assembly and



embarkation stations Mustering procedures



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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Live saving appliances and control plans 

Ship layout



Emergency exit



Location of equipment

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Training manual



Drills



Muster list



General emergency alarms

 

 Abandon ship alarm emergency duties

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Live saving appliances and control plans cont.  

Location of adult and infant lifejackets

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Location of extra blankets

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Location of emergency lockers

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Location of first aid lockers

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 Aware of lifeboat boarding and launching



 Aware of life rafts boarding and launching

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Familiar with man overboard procedures



Familiar of different types of lifebuoys



Restrictions on the use of elevators

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Mustering Procedures



Clear reassuring orders



Take control



Escape routes kept clear



Restriction for using Elevator

 Assist or organize assistance for disabled passengers



 Accommodation search



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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Mustering Procedures 

High visible



 Avoid panic • leader ship and confidence • Entrance points to assembly • stations kept clear • reassure separated family groups • maintain position when in charge • close unused doors • Prepare people for abandoned

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Mustering Procedures Live saving appliances Demonstrate their use



Clear instructions

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Draw attention to donning instructions



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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Mustering Procedures Passengers Information in Case of Emergency 

Tell what has happened



Give your appraisal of the situation



Give details about what measures have been taken

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State the expected outcome



State whether the situation has been reported ashore



Point out that the crew is trained for the task and that the passengers must follow their instructions



Give information frequently ever10 to 15 minutes

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Mustering Procedures Prepare for abandoned Passengers suitably clothed



Donning of lifejackets



Extra blankets



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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Mustering Procedures Passenger list and evacuation Passengers numbers Passenger counted



Cabins and public spaces search



Passenger number in each boat passed to



bridge www.alsafeenah.com

Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Mustering Procedures Abandoned Ship 

Master Instructions



Use of lifeboats



Use of life rafts



Embarkation ladders



Rescue boat



Use of Marine Evacuation System



Use of distress signals

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

2nd Training Familiarization Training

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Familiarization training 1. Design and operational limitations 2. Procedures for opening, closing and securing hull opening 3. Legislation, codes effecting ro-ro passengers ships 4. Stability and stress requirements and limitations 5. Procedures for the maintenance of special equipment 6. Loading and cargo securing manual and calculations 7. Dangerous cargo area 8. Emergency procedures www.alsafeenah.com

Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Design and operational limitations 

 Voyage duration and sailing area

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Expected sea conditions

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Limitation of speed

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Stowage plan

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Restriction of loads and height

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Mass of cargo units and vehicles

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Types of cargo



Number of passengers



 Any instruction to be followed from the master or company

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Procedures for opening, closing and securing hull openings 

List of the procedures for opening and closing ramps and shell openings.



 All communications related to ramp and doors should be clear.

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CCT and water leak detectors in operable mode

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Power isolated when not in use

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Certified operators

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High visibility clothing

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Positive reports



Bridge indicators show whether open or closed

 

 Any door shall be kept clear of obstructions Entries in log book 

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Legislation, codes effecting ro-ro passengers ships 

List of all national and international operation limitation effecting ro-ro passenger ships.

  

Flag and SOLAS regulations including exemptions.  All regulations and codes to be kept onboard. Restrictions of operation areas, weather, sea state, load, trim and speed.



List of approved ports and berths.

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Stability and stress requirements and limitations 

 Approved stability booklet provided

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Procedures to maintain watertight integrity

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Consideration where ballast and fuel transferred

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Observed sea conditions weather reports

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Proper securing the doors before departure

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Positive reports that all doors closed

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Ensure that the departure and arrival stability within limits.



 All cargo to be secured.

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Procedures for the maintenance of special equipment 

 Aware of ship plan maintenance program for bow, stern, side doors, ramps and scuppers

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 Adequate lubricating of all moving parts

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Locking pins locate efficiency into position

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Constant visual check especially for the condition of the seals

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Scuppers kept clear

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No loose gears on deck 



Inspection of hydraulic cylinders and h.p. hoses

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Loading and securing manuals and calculations 

cargo securing manual kept on board



Structure and heavy loads

 Adequate securing points



 Adequate securing devices

 

Lashing secured to chassis



Follow national and international regulations

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Dangerous cargo areas 

 Adequate ventilation

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No possibly of gases drawn to accommodation

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Regular patrol

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Doors from car deck securely closed

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Correct stowage, segregated with adequate access



Reject damage or leaking dangerous cargo



Emergency response equipment maintained and ready for use

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Emergency Procedures 

Prevent or reduce ingress of water 

all shell opening securely closed



monitor television system operable



monitor leak detecting system operable

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Early reduction of speed

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Remove water 

all scuppers clear



all portable pumps ready

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

3rd Training Safety Training

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Safety training for personnel providing direct service to passengers in passenger spaces

Passengers control



Communications



Life-saving appliances



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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Passengers Control 

Safe passage from berth to ship



Recognizing disable peoples

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Restrictions and distribution of passengers

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Car deck restriction

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Prohibited of using portable gas cockers

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Smoking , fire patrol , fire detection

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Drinking water, Ventilation ,Toilet



Tickets and passports check desks

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Communication  Appropriate language used

 

Use of English and native language



Use pictorial or video information



Select bi-lingual passengers for communication.



Use of hand signals



Bring attention to posted signs

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Communication 

Remind passengers of the safety information in their cabins



Use of international symbols



Clear announcements to keep passengers and crew informed



Repast the announcement

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Life-saving appliances 

Demonstrate to passengers the use of personal lifesaving appliances .

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Show the passengers donning symbols posted in different places.

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Practice the procedures for demonstration



Use a simple and clear instructions.



Answer their questions and remove their confusion

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

4th Training Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety and Hull Integrity Training

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Passenger Safety, Cargo Safety and Hull Integrity Training 

Loading and Embarkation Procedures



Carriage of Dangerous Good



Securing Cargoes



Stability, Trim & Stress Calculations



Opening, Closing and Securing Hull Openings.



Ro-ro Deck Atmosphere

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Loading and Embarkation: Communications and Limitations



Familiarity with Car Deck, Escape Routes and Any Restrictions.

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Procedures for safety lowering and hoisting ramps and stowage of vehicles.

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Control of Drivers and speed limitation



Minimum Safe Operational Personnel



Risk of personnel working in car deck



High Visibility Clothing



Check of overflow petrol tank leak



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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Loading and Embarkation 

 A safe means of access between ship and berth



Safe nets , rails and lifebuoys with light and safety line must be provided

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Safe illuminated Access in ship

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No Steps for Wheelchairs



Trained Personnel



Reserved Car Parking Spaces



Clear Signs and Announcements



Master Informed of Those Needing assistance



Passenger Count for search and rescue purpose

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Carriage of Dangerous Goods Stowed, Segregated with Adequate Access



Regular Patrols

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No Unauthorized Entry



Openings to Accommodation Firmly Closed



Adequate Ventilation



Special Requirements for Certain Cargoes



Reject Damaged, Leaking or Shifting Dangerous



Cargo www.alsafeenah.com

Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Securing Cargoes 

Cargo Securing Manual Kept On Board



Structural Strength and Heavy Loads



Equal Force Distribution On adequate Securing Devices



Lashings Secured To chassis

 Adequate Securing Points

 

Trained personnel for securing cargo

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Stability, Trim and stress Calculations

 Approved Stability Book Provided



Practice Stability Calculations



Considerations Where Ballast and Fuel is



Transferred Effect of free surface on stability of the



ship www.alsafeenah.com

Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Opening, Closing and Securing Hull Openings 

 All communication relating to doors and ramps must be clear and information passed to master



The times for opening and closing all doors shall be recorded in log book 

 

Closed Before Departure  All power sources to doors and ramps shall be isolated to prevent unauthorized operation



Keys for all control boxes shall be removed and kept in secure position

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Opening, Closing and Securing Hull Openings 

monitor water leakage by t.v circuits and water detection system.



Conduct constant inspection for seals and contacts

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Operation and maintenance manuals shall be provided on board



Bridge Indicators Show whether Open or Closed



Openings seal Properly



Maintenance Procedures

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Ro- Ro deck atmosphere Practical Use of Analysers



Steady reading of 21% oxygen



 Vehicle Fumes On Car Deck 



Drivers should be instructed to stop their



engines after embarkation Effective Ventilation



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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

5th Training Crisis Management and Human Behavior Training www.alsafeenah.com

Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Crisis Management and Human Behavior Training 

Ship Design, Layout, Emergency Plans, Procedures and Drills



Optimizing of resources



Control response to emergencies



Human behavior response



Establish and maintain effective communications



Practical exercises

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Ship Design, Layout, Emergency Plans, Procedures and Drills 

Design, Layout and Identification System for Decks and Spaces



Safety Regulations



Types of Emergency



Decision Support and Other emergency Systems



Smoke Containment of Extraction



Pollution equipment



Pre-Plan Drills



React to Emergencies Through Training

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

General design and layout of the ship

Ship lay out



Number of decks



Number and location of exits



Number and location of stair case



Number and location of assembly stations



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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Safety regulations 

Company fleet regulations



Cargo securing manual



ISM code



IMDG code



Safety working practice code



National regulations

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Emergency plans and procedures Emergencies may include Structure failure



Machinery failure



Collision



Grounding



Bomb threats



Pollution



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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Emergency plans and procedures 

Checklists shall be provide to ensure correct action



Emergency power supply



Ballasting and de ballasting system



Communication for assistance



Location of pollution prevention equipment



Breathing apparatus equipment

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Ship board emergency drills Effective training result safe ship



Muster of passengers where required



Safety brief 



Familiarity with the life saving appliances



Scenarios for drills



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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Optimization of Resources 

Equipment Limitation in emergency



Equipment should have safe access



Move equipment from unsafe area to safe areas



Effective Use of Personnel

 Assistance aboard From Outside

 

Equipment Fully Maintained and available



Realistic Training



De-Brief the Whole team after exercise

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Control Response to Emergencies Leadership Skills 

Sets an example during emergency situation



Take immediate control



Remains calm



Remains dependable

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Control Response to Emergencies Decision Making 

Gathers Information

 Assess the situation



 Allocate tasks

 

Plan ahead for extra equipment and personnel

 Adjust plan as required



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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Motivation of Passengers and Other Personnel



Give support for the motivated passengers



Recognise Stress in Others



Fight/ Fight Reaction



Performance is Reduced



Reallocate Tasks

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Emergency Stress Response 

The hearts beats faster and breathing rates increased



There is lack of concentration



Reduced ability



Being impossible to contact



General loss of control

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Human Behaviour and Responses Reactions When Responding to Emergencies 

Panic



People Threatened



Escape Without Concern for Others



Jumping in the water



Boarding the lifeboats



Looking for lifejackets



Looking for master and officers

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training

Human Behaviour and Responses 

Passengers Look for Relatives

 Assurance that Family Groups will be Reunited





Passengers Move to the Upper Side



Control by Assembly Station Personnel

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.

Maritime Education and Training



Slow Clear Messages



Keep Passengers Informed



Pass on Correct Information

 Appropriate Language Used

 

Train and Select Personnel to Communicate



Communicate by Demonstration



Prominence

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Fayeq Masalmeh, Marine Ch. Eng.