Cristo El Sanador - F. F. Bosworth

 

Lst`s o`hmrls bulr`o ngn`s prliksghlotl pgrg h`strgro`s t`n` j` qul oulstrg sgjvgikùo koijuyl. Ls, lot`oils, lj Lvgodljk` nl sgokngn pgrg lj iulrp`, gsè i`h` pgrg lj gjhg, lj iugj ‚ls p`nlr nl Nk`s pgrg qul irll3 gj Funè`, prkhlrghlotl, y tghmkëo gj sgjvgikùo g t`n` gqulj qul irll3 Drkld`‘. ‚Lj Drkld`‘.  ‚Lj hksh` Yl÷`r s`mrl t`n` t`n` ls  ls rki` pgrg i`o t`n`s t`n`s j`s  j`s qul jl kov`igo‘.

 

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Lo lj lstunk` nl jg i`hpgskùo nlj Yl÷`r p`nlh`s loi`otrgr uog alrh`sg rlvljgikùo nl jg nksp`skikùo nl Nk`s pgrg sgogr. Nurgotl su hkokstlrk` tlrrlogj. Irkst` ‚bul h`vkn` g i`hpgskùo‘ y sgoù g t`n`s ‚j`s qul tloègo olilskngn nl sgokngn‘. Lstl Flsös qul nkf`6 ‚`s i`ovklol qul y` hl vgyg‘, ls lj hksh` qul lstç ga`rg slotgn` g jg nklstrg nlj Ugnrl, ‚pgrg vlokr g slr hkslrki`rnk`s` y bklj Yuh` Ygilrn`tl‘ nl o`s`tr`s. Lo jgs Lsirkturgs, i`hpgskùo y hkslrki`rnkg skdokbkigo j` hksh`. Lj o`hmrl almrl` ‚rgiaghko ‚rgiaghko‘, ‘, ls trgnuikn` kdugjhlotl i`h` i`hpgskùo y hkslrki`rnkg. Lj vlrm` drkld` ‚ljll` ‚ljll`‘‘ sl trgnuil ‚tlo hkslrki`rnkg‘ y ‚tlo i`hpgskùo‘. Gskhksh`, lj gnfltkv` drkld` ljllh`o‘‘ ls nlbkokn` i`h` ‚hkslrki`rnk`s` ` i`hpgskv`‘. ‚ljllh`o ^lolr i`hpgskùo ls ghgr i`o tlrourg , tlolr jçstkhg  y h`strgr hkslrki`rnkg. Lj tlxt`‚ijlhlotl qul alh`s hloik`ogn`lsnlj Ygjh`Lstl7>)3 ‚^`ngs  jgs slongs nl Fla`vç s`o hkslrki`rnkg y vlrngn (o` pgrg sus lolhkd`s, sko`) pgrg sko`)  pgrg t`n`s j`s qul  dugrngo su pgit` y pgit` y sus tlstkh`ok`s‘ (Ygjh` =

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Rlh`s lo lst`s vlrsèiuj`s qul Nk`s ls ‚drgonl lo hkslrki`rnkg‘ pgrg ‚t`n`s j`s qul olilsktgo sgokngn‘ y su i`hpgskùo akz` qul j`s sgogrg. 󲀚

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>     

J`s n`s ikld`s pknklr`o hkslrki`rnkg pgrg qul sus `f`s bulrgo gmklrt`s y Flsös jls i`oilnkù su pltkikùo pr`mgon` qul jg sgokngn ls

 

uog hkslrki`rnkg, i`h` j` ls lj plrnùo3 iugon` lj loblrh` musigmg sgjun lo sgjun  lo gquljj`s nègs, plnèg hkslrki`rnkg3 hkslrki`rnkg3 lo  lo oulstr`s nègs jg hgy`règ nl jg dlotl gpjkig jg hkslrki`rnkg s`jghlotl gj plign`r, kdo`rgon` qul Yu hkslrki`rnkg sl lxtklonl tghmkëo gj loblrh`. Ugmj`, quklo jjghgg t`n`s g Nk`s ‚Ugnrl lo nljgjgKsjghkslrki`rnkg‘, j` nlhulstrg sgogon` j`s ljloblrh`s nl Hgjtg. Flsös nkf`6 ‚Mklogvloturgn`s j`s hkslrki`rnk`s`s (i`hpgskv`s) p`rqul ljj`s gjigozgrço hkslrki`rnkg‘3 F`m bul sgogn` iugon` `rù p`r sus ghkd`s, nl giulrn` g jg mklogvloturgozg, F`m `mtuv` hkslrki`rnkg iugon` ëj hksh` h`strù hkslrki`rnkg3 rlbkrkëon`sl g lst`, Ygotkgd` 64). Jg hgjnkikùo, jg iugj koijuyl jgs nkblrlotls loblrhlngnls hloik`ogngs lo Nlutlr`o`hk` =1, vko` s`mrl lj pulmj` p`rqul jg `mlnkloikg nl ljj`s y lj slrvkik` g Nk`s o` lrgo ‚i`o gjldrèg y d`z` nl i`rgzùo‘3 jg i`onkikùo nlj i`rgzùo nl ljj`s, jg iugj bul rlsp`osgmjl rlsp`osgm jl nl jg hgjnkikùo lo gqulj tklhp`, o` ls jg i`onkikùo lo jg iugj nlmlh`s gilrigh`s g Lj lo oulstr`s nègs pgrg qul jg hgjnkikùo slg quktgng.

Jgs Ur`hlsgs nl Nk`s s`o Y`jghlotl pgrg j`s @mlnklotls

Ls g gquljj`s qul sl nljlktgo lo lj Yl÷`r, g j`s qul Lj jls ngrç jgs pltkik`ols nl su i`rgzùo (Ygjh` 946>). Nk`s o` ag rlmgfgn` su okvlj pgrg lj Nèg nl Drgikg. Ls s`jghlotl pgrg lj `mlnklotl gquljj`s qul ‚gtklonlo i`o nkjkdloikg g jg v`z nlj Yl÷`r‘ y ‚agilo j` qul ls fust` tk  t`ng nljgotl nl sus `f`s‘. Lo rlsuhlo3 ‚Lj Yl÷`r quktgrç nl tk  loblrhlngn‘ (vlg Nlutlr`o`hk` 467< y Ëx`n` 7677). U`r lstg rgzùo, gotls nl lsplrgr gjduog i`sg nl‚Ghgrçs Nk`s, tlolh`s rlonkro`s y .drgo hgonghklot`6 gj Yl÷`r qul tu Nk`s i`o t`n`gj tuprkhlr i`rgzùo . .‘. Nk`s nkil, ‚ p`r iugot` lo iugot` lo hè ag pulst` su gh`r, y` gh`r,  y` tghmkëo j` tghmkëo j` jkmrgrë‘ ghgo  y (Ygjh` ;767>). Lj ‚dugrng lj pgit` y jg hkslrki`rnkg g j`s qul jl ghgo  dugrngo sus hgonghklot`s, agstg hkj dlolrgik`ols‘ (Nlutlr`o`hk` (Nlutlr`o`hk` i`h` lj jlpr`s` y gilrquëh`o`s lo gn`rgikùo 46;). Agdgh`s lot`oils i`h` lj iugon` musqulh`s sgokngn. ‚Jgrdurg nl nègs agy g su nklstrg (sgmknurèg),  (sgmknurèg),  y g su kzquklrng, rkqulzgs y a`o`r‘ (Ur`vlrmk`s 9672). Rlh`s g jg sgmknurèg prlslotgng i`h` uog rlkog mkloalia`rg, nlrrghgon` mlonkik`ols i`o ghmgs hgo`s s`mrl gquljj`s qul sl s`hltlo g su d`mklro`. igrol,  hgs jg lovknkg ls ‚Lj i`rgzùo gpgikmjl (sgo`) ls vkng nl jg igrol,  igri`hg nl j`s auls`s‘ (Ur`vlrmk`s 7>695). \o i`rgzùo loblrh` ls pl`r qul uo lstùhgd` loblrh`3 uo gjhg qulmrgotgng ls pl`r qul uo iulrp` qulmrgotgn`. \og v`juotgn konkspulstg ls pl`r qul uo aèdgn` konkspulst`. Ugmj` nkil, ‚lj iulrp` pgrg lj Yl÷`r‘ gotls nl nlikr, ‚lj Yl÷`r ls pgrg lj iulrp`‘. Jg Mkmjkg losl÷g qul lj iulrp` ‚ag skn` i`hprgn` p`r prlik`, p`r tgot`, dj`rkbkign g Nk`s lo vulstr` Nk`s‘ (K I`. 26=5). ‚@s iulrp`, y lo vulstr` lspèrktu, j`s iugjls s`o nl Nk`s‘ ruld`, alrhgo`s, p`r jgs hkslrki`rnkgs hkslrki`rnkgs   nl Nk`s, qul prlslotëks vulstr`s iulrp`s lo sgirkbkik` vkv`… qul ls vulstr` iujt` rgik`ogj‘ (]`hgo`s 7=67). Nk`s pr`hltl sgogr oulstr` iulrp` iugon` sl i`ovklrtl lo su pr`pklngn. U`r ls` tlolh`s qul prlslotgr oulstr`s iulrp`s g Lj sk qulrlh`s slr sgogn`s.

Urkhlr` g jg Iruz pgrg Jkhpklzg ‚Lj ighko` sldur` pgrg lj loblrh` ls, prkhlr` g jg iruz pgrg jkhpklzg3 slduon` gj Gp`slot` Gjt` pgrg lj n`o nlj Lspèrktu3 tlrilr` gj h`otl gskdogn` pgrg uog vkng i`osgdrgng3 y bkogjhlotl, gj Drgo Hënki` pgrg `mtlolr b`rtgjlzg pgrg lj slrvkik`‘. Mrygot

 

‚[ sk lj Lspèrktu nl gqulj qul jlvgotù nl j`s hulrt`s g Flsös h`rg lo v`s`tr`s, lo  v`s`tr`s, lj qul jlvgotù nl j`s hulrt`s g Irkst` Flsös vkvkbkigrç tghmkëo vulstr`s iulrp`s h`rtgjls p`r su Lspèrktu qul h`rg lo v`s`tr`s‘ (]`hgo`s 1677). Lo Irkst`, (jg Rkn Rlrngnlrg) loi`otrgh`s t`ng jg vkng qul olilsktgh`s pgrg oulstrgs gjhgs y iulrp`s. Ulr`, °iùh` p`nrlh`s p`slsk`ogro`s y nksbrutgr nl lstg vkng g o` slr p`r uokùo i`o Lj‘ qul lstgh`s oulstrg uokùo  i`o jg Rkn0 O` ls bulrg nl Lj, sko` ‚lo Lj‘ ‚i`hpjlt`s‘ (I`j`slosls =675). Yumstktuikùo sko uokùo o` ls subkiklotl pgrg p`slsk`ogro`s y nksbrutgr nl jg vkng nl jg Rkn. Yk olilsktg uo hkjgdr`, pùodgsl lo i`huokùo i`o Lj qul `mrg j`s hkjgdr`s. Nksbrutgh`s nl jg vkng nl jg Rkn iugon` lstgh`s lo plrblitg uokngn i`o Ëj, jg Rkn Rlrngnlrg. Ulnkr sgokngn hklotrgs rliagilh`s slr dukgn`s p`r lj Lspèrktu, ls i`h` plnkrjl g uo igrpkotlr` qul agdg rlpgrgik`ols lo uog igsg lo jg iugj sl jl pr`aèml lotrgr. ‚[ t`n`s j`s qul j` t`igr`o, qulngr`o sgo`s‘ (Hgtl` 7>692). O` p`nlh`s t`igrjl sk tlolh`s rlslrvgs. Gsè i`h` jg huflr b`rzù su pgs` lotrl jg hujtktun pgrg t`igrj`, tghmkëo o`s`tr`s tlolh`s qul b`rzgr oulstr` pgs` y gmrkro`s ighko` g trgvës nlj ld`èsh`, jg nls`mlnkloikg, lj plign` o` i`oblsgn`, jg konkblrloikg, jg `pkokùo pömjkig, jgs trgnkik`ols nlj a`hmrl y tghmkëo grtèiuj`s lsirkt`s lo i`otrg nl jg sgokngn nkvkog. Gjduo` tlonrç qul guo o` lstgr nl giulrn` i`o su pgst`r, p`r slr lstl kdo`rgotl nl lstg pgrtl nlj Lvgodljk`. Gmrçh`o`s pgs` g trgvës nl jg nung, jg koi`oskstloikg, j`s sèot`hgs, j`s slotkn`s y jg slrpklotl hlotkr`sg. Lj Lspèrktu Ygot`, quklo ag skn` lovkgn` pgrg lfliutgr jgs  mlonkik`ols nl jg rlnloikùo pgrg o`s`tr`s, ls oulstr` Ugrgijlt` y Gyungn`r. Lj lstç prlst` g gyungro`s g trgspgsgr t`n`s lst`s `mstçiuj`s y jjldgr gj judgr n`onl p`ngh`s t`igrjl pgrg supjkr oulstrgs olilskngnls. Nk`s lstç lsplrgon` nlrrghgr jg pjloktun nl su Lspèrktu s`mrl o`s`tr`s3 nlj hksh` Lspèrktu qul ag vlokn` i`h` Lfliutkv` nl Irkst` pgrg nlrrghgr s`mrl o`s`tr`s t`ngs jgs  mlonkik`ols pr`vkstgsnl p`rrlnloikùo. lj Igjvgrk` y pr`hltkngs lo sus Ugit`s y lo sus Ykltl O`hmrls

 

Lstg pr`hlsg, qul t`n`s j`s qul jl t`igo pulnlo slr sgogn`s, tklol vkdloikg a`y lo nèg. °Iùh` jl t`igh`s0 Irlylon` lo su pr`hlsg3 ëstg ls jg b`rhg kobgjkmjl nl t`igr g Flsös lo iugjquklr i`sg qul ag pr`hltkn`. Jl t`igh`s iugon` plnkh`s y irllh`s qul Lj lsiuiag oulstrgs `rgik`ols3 iugon` jg huflr j` t`iù, bul su bl j` qul jg akz` slr sgog, o` bul uo hlr` t`qul bèski`, p`rqul ‚lj Lspèrktu ls lj qul ng vkng, jg igrol pgrg ogng gpr`vliag‘. Hkjj`ols nl plign`rls jl ago t`ign` guo, pgrg uo hkjgdr` hgy`r6 lj nlj oulv` ogikhklot`. I`h` j`s loblrh`s j` t`igr`o y bulr`o sgogn`s, iugon` Irkst` ighkogmg lo jg tklrrg3 gsè tghmkëo t`n`s o`s`tr`s ga`rg tlolh`s lj prkvkjldk` nl t`igrjl, lstl t`qul o`s uol g Irkst` guo hçs ga`rg qul lo lj pgsgn`. O` ls uo skhpjl i`otgit`, hçs mklo uog uokùo rlgj i`h` jg nl jg Rkn y jgs rghgs. ^`n` j` qul lstç lo jg Rkn, yg slg vkng bèskig ` lspkrktugj, o`s plrtlolil g o`s`tr`s „jgs rghgs. Lj t`qul nl bl o`s pulnl p`olr ga`rg mgf` lj i`hpjlt` i`otr`j nlj Lspèrktu Ygot` „lj qul `mrg hkjgdr`s. Lst` o` bul p`skmjl lo lj hkokstlrk` tlrrlogj nl Irkst`, p`rqul ‚göo o` agmèg vlokn` lj Lspèrktu Ygot`‘. U`r j` tgot`, Flsös bul uo hlf`r y hçs drgonl Ygjvgn`r y Ygogn`r, nlspuës nl agmlr skn` dj`rkbkign`3 lj prkvkjldk` nl t`igrj` ls hgy`r ga`rg qul iugon` Lj lstgmg lo jg tklrrg p`rqul p`nlh`s rlikmkr huia` hçs p`r lj t`qul, nlmkn` g qul nlsnl jg nklstrg nlj Ugnrl, Ëj tklol huia` hçs qul ngr, p`r ls` nkf`6 ‚@s i`ovklol qul y` hl vgyg‘. [g qul lj Lspèrktu vko` g rlvljgro`s g Irkst` lo tgj b`rhg qul gotls o` agmèg °U`r p`nkn` Ëj tloègg qul pgrtkr pgrg lovkgro`s su Lspèrktu. quëslr o`rlvljgn`, o`s gilrigh`s Ëj, musigon` sgokngn p`r j` hlo`s i`o jg hkshg bl qul tuvklr`o jgs hujtktunls qul j` ‚gprltgmgo‘ lo j`s nègs qul Ëj gonuv` s`mrl jg tklrrg0 J` qul prlilnl o`s hulstrg jg drgo khp`rtgoikg nl lstgr mklo nljgotl nl Nk`s gotls nl plnkr sgokngn. Jg mlonkikùo nl lstgr mklo nljgotl nl Yu prlsloikg ls hkj vlils hçs nlslgmjl y gdrgngmjl qul jg sgokngn hkshg. Al vkst` plrs`ogs i`o gbjkiik`ols bèskigs rgnkgotls nl bljkikngn, i`h` tghmkëo al vkst`

 

plign`rls lo plrblitg sgjun, kobljkils agstg lj puot` nl i`hltlr sukiknk`.

Lj ^lrilr Ugs` Ga`rg pr`iurgrlh`s prlslotgr lo uog b`rhg ijgrg, iùh` p`nlh`s gpr`pkgro`s nl gpr`pkgro`s  nl jg sgokngn. ]likmkr i`sgs nl Nk`s ls i`h` uo fuld` nl nghgs iakogs. Nlspuës qul uo` nl j`s fudgn`rls agil gjduog h`vkng, o` pulnl agilr ogng agstg qul lj `tr` fudgn`r agdg su  fudgng3 igng fudgn`r lsplrg su turo`. Gsè tghmkëo, iugon` Nk`s ag pr`vkst` sgokngn, ` iugjquklr `trg mlonkikùo, y ag lovkgn` su Ugjgmrg, tlolh`s qul agilr oulstrg h`vkng gotls qul Lj sl hulvg oulvghlotl. Oulstrg h`vkng i`oskstl lo lsplrgr j` qul Lj pr`hltl iugon` `rgh`s, iugon` gitugr lo vlr jg  `rgh`s, j` qul o`s agrç gitugr  lo bl gotls nl vlr  jg sgokngn. Jg sgokngn vlonrç lo jg prùxkhg h`vkng, jg iugj jl plrtlolil g Nk`s. Nk`s ouoig gitög bulrg nl su turo`. Iugon` Nk`s prlvko` g O`ë ‚gilrig nl jgs i`sgs qul göo o` agmèg vkst`‘, jg vkst`‘,  jg rlgiikùo nl O`ë bul irllr bl,  i`ostruylon` lj grig lo qul lj nkjuvk` kmg g gi`otlilr y gituù lo bl,  tklrrg slig. Gsè tghmkëo iugon` Nk`s nkil qul ‚jg `rgikùo nl bl sgjvgrç gj loblrh`, y lj Yl÷`r j` jlvgotgrç‘, o`s`tr`s, gj kdugj qul O`ë, alh`s skn` gnvlrtkn`s gilrig nl i`sgs qul göo o` alh`s vkst`. I`h` O`ë, oulstrg rlgiikùo nlml slr nl irllr y gitugr nl giulrn` g Yu Ugjgmrg. Jg ogturgjlzg igèng ls d`mlrogng p`r j` qul vl, p`r sus slotkn`s3 hgs jg bl ls d`mlrogng p`r jg purg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s, lsplrgon`   qul Lj agdg j` qul ag pr`hltkn` agilr3 trgtgon` g Nk`s lsplrgon` i`h` g uo Ylr a`olst`. Iugon` nkd` ‚lsplrgr ‚lsplrgr‘‘ o` hl rlbklr` g tlolr lsplrgozg. I`h` mklo nkf` uo lsirkt`r6 ‚tlolh`s lsplrgozg p`r gquljj` qul  pulnl slr  p`skmjl , hgs lsplrgh`s j` qul ls p`skmjl . . . . . i`o lsg lxplitgtkvg qul ljkhkog jg nung ` lj hkln` gj brgigs` y hulstrg uog i`obkgozg kohutgmjl‘. vlr gotls `èr‘ Jg bl ouoig lsplrg pgrg vlr  gotls nl irllr, p`rqul ‚vklol p`r lj `èr‘ gilrig ‚nl jgs i`sgs qul o` sl vlo‘ y ls ‚jg i`ovkiikùo nl j` qul o` sl vl‘. ^`n` j` qul uo a`hmrl nl bl olilsktg sgmlr ls j` qul Nk`s ag

 

agmjgn`, lst` khpgrtl i`hpjltg sldurkngn gj gjhg. ‚Gsè nkil lj Yl÷`r‘ j` grrldjg t`n`3 ‚Lsirkt` lstç‘ ls t`n` j` qul jg bl olilsktg. gotls,   y o` Jg bl agil s`ogr jg m`ikog nlj iulro` nlj igrolr` gotls, nlspuës, qul jgs hurgjjgs agygo igèn`. Jg bl ouoig fuzdg nl giulrn` gvlo‘ j` qul vloqul j`s ago `f`s p`rqul ‚ls jg i`ovkiikùo nl jgs i`sgs sl plr` skn` pr`hltkngs. Jg bl nlsigosg lo qul uog o` mgsl huia` hçs sùjkng qul jg lvknloikg nl j`s slotkn`s, y lstg mgsl ls jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s jg iugj ‚plrhgolil pgrg sklhprl‘3 oulstr`s slotkn`s pulnlo lodg÷gro`s, plr` jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s ouoig j` agrç. Iugon` g uog ok÷ktg sl jl pr`hltl uo vlstkn` oulv` pgrg lj sçmgn` skduklotl, bl ls lo rlgjkngn jg lxplitgtkvg qul ljjg tklol y hgokbklstg agstg qul jjldg lj nèg sçmgn`. Iugon` lj sçmgn` jjldg y ljjg vl lj vlstkn` oulv`, jg bl sl gigmg. Ulr` jg bl rlgj sklhprl i`ojjlvg giik`ols i`rrlsp`onklotls. i`rrlsp`onklotls. U`r su bl jg ok÷ktg ng pgjhgngs nl gjldrèg y nkil6 ‚quë mulo`, quë mulo`, v`y g tlolr uo vlstkn` oulv` lj prùxkh` sçmgn`‘, y i`rrl g nlikrjl g sus ghkduktgs qul yg tklol jg rlspulstg g su pltkikùo.

Nk`s O` Uulnl Hlotkr Lo jg tuhmg nl Jçzgr`, Flsös jlvgotù sus `f`s gj iklj` y nkf`6 ‚Ugnrl, tl n`y drgikgs p`r agmlrhl `èn`‘ guoqul Jçzgr` göo lstgmg hulrt`. Jg ok÷ktg o` tklol tlh`r nl tlstkbkigr p`r gnljgotgn` qul vg g tlolr uo vlstkn` oulv`. Iugon` sus ghkduktgs jl prlduotgo iùh` sgml ljjg qul j` vg g rlikmkr rlikmkr,, puls, ljjg i`obkgnghlotl ‚hkvgjlnlrg hghç hl j` pr`hltkù‘. O`s`tr`s, tlolh`s uog i`otlstg6 rgzùo hçs pgrg lsplrgr sgokngn qul jg qul tklol jg ok÷ktg pgrg lsplrgr uo vlstkn` oulv`, p`rqul su hghç pulnl h`rkr gotls qul jjldul lj sçmgn`, plr` Nk`s ls ltlro`. Yu hghç pulnl hlotkr, plr` Nk`s o`. Jg igsg y lj nkolr` nl jg hghç pulnlo qulhgrsl. Lo jg akst`rkg t`n` igs` nl bl ag tlokn` uog mgsl bkrhl, pr`nuikng s`jghlotl p`r jg pr`hlsg nl Nk`s y lblitugng gotls qul aumklrg iugjquklr prulmg vkskmjl qul aumklrg p`nkn` kospkrgr lsg sldurkngn. Jg bl sl bkfg lo jgs i`sgs qul sl vlo3 lo lj igs` nlj nkjuvk`, o` agmèg okodöo konkik` nlj nkjuvk` iugon` O`ë i`ostruyù lj grig3 ouoig

 

gotls okoduog hurgjjg agmèg skn` nlrrkmgng p`r lj t`qul nlj iulro` nl igrolr` ` p`r drkt`s. Ljj`s lstgmgo skhpjlhlotl lsplrgon` qul pgrtl i`oskstkù lo qul Nk`s iuhpjklrg j` qul Lj agmèg pr`hltkn`. Yu pgrtl i`oskstkù ljj`s akiklr`o s`ogr jgs m`ikogs gotls nl vlr qul jgs hurgjjgs igylrgo. Nk`s, Nk`s, lot`oils,  lot`oils, akz` Yu pgrtl y, pgrtl y, jgs hurgjjgs igylr`o. Lj igpètuj` i`hpjlt` nl Almrl`s 77 ag skn` lsirkt` pgrg h`strgro`s iùh` igng uo` gituù lo bl. Nk`s sl skotkù tgo i`hpjgikn` i`o j`s git`s nl bl, qul huia`s igs`s ago skn` nltgjjgn`s lo lstl igpètuj` nl Almrl`s. O`ë, Fgi`m, F`së y H`ksës gitugr`o p`r bl3 p`r bl jgs hurgjjgs nl  Flrkiù sl igylr`o3 p`r bl gituù Gmrgagh iugon` t`n` pgrlièg i`otrgrk` g jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s3 gj i`osknlrgr jg pr`hlsg nl Nk`s „y Nk`s „y o` su lstlrkjkngn„ Ygrg rlikmkù bulrzg pgrg slr hgnrl, g plsgr nl su lngn. ^`n`s ëst`s gitugr`o i`obkgon` ogng hçs qul lo jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s, lsplrgon` j` qul Lj agmèg pr`hltkn`3 j` pr`hltkn`3 j` hksh` `iurrl lo t`n` igs` nl bl lo jg akst`rkg. J`s sèot`hgs nl F`oçs lrgo huy rlgjls iugon` lstgmg lo lj vklotrl nl jg mgjjlog y ëj o` j`s oldù, hçs mklo j`s jjghù ‚vgokngnls kjus`rkgs‘. Lo `trgs pgjgmrgs, iugjquklr sèot`hg qul o`s agil nungr nlj alia` nl qul ‚Nk`s ls drgonl lo hkslrki`rnkg pgrg t`n`s   j`s qul jl kov`igo‘ nlml slr i`osknlrgn` i`h` ‚vgokngn t`n`s kjus`rkg‘. F`oçs nkf`6 ‚J`s qul skdulo vgokngnls kjus`rkgs, su hkslrki`rnkg gmgon`ogo‘. gmgon`ogo‘. Lo vlz nl lsiuiagr g Ygtgoçs y hkrgr g j`s sèot`hgs, tlolh`s qul `mrgr fuotghlotl i`o Nk`s, quklo sgog ¡lovkgon` Yu Ugjgmrg y hgotlokëon`jg! Guo iugon` gitugh`s lo bl, o` sklhprl j`s sèot`hgs nlsgpgrlilo kostgotçolghlotl. Nlspuës qul Lzlquègs bul sgogn`, pgsgr`o trls nègs gotls qul ëj tuvklrg jg subkiklotl bulrzg i`h` pgrg kr g jg Igsg nlj Yl÷`r. Lo Fugo >65 g÷`s ` ok skquklrg p`r uog slhgog, p`r jg mlonkikùo qul Irkst` lstç nlsl`s` nl khpgrtkr. Yu i`rgzùo i`hpgskv` goaljg sgogro`s huia` hçs gjjç qul oulstrg igpgikngn nl nlslgrj`. Ulr` o`s`tr`s jl agilh`s lsplrgr agstg tlolh`s ‚bl qulokvklol p`r ljgotls `èr‘ ynlgitugh`s p`rqulqul Nk`s o` o`sjglodg÷gr sl h`vlrç su turo`.lo lsg bl,

 

Nlspuës qul gprlonlh`s qul Flsös jjlvù oulstrgs loblrhlngnls kdugj qul oulstr`s plign`s lo jg iruz y qul, p`r j` tgot`, o` tlolh`s qul jjlvgrj`s o`s`tr`s3 lj prùxkh` pgs` ls gpr`pkgh`s p`r bl nl lstg  mlonkikùo, j` iugj ls lj öoki` hët`n` mèmjki`. Jg vlrngn nl lstl gsuot` ls qul Nk`s o`s nk` lstg pgrtl nl oulstrg alrloikg ilrig nl n`s hkj g÷`s gtrçs y Lj ls lj qul lstç lsplrgon` (lsplrgon` agstg qul o`s`tr`s o`s gpr`pklh`s nl lstg mlonkikùo p`r bl). N`s hkj g÷`s gtrçs Nk`s sl nlsakz` nlj plign`3 n`s hkj g÷`s gtrçs Nk`s igrdù lo Irkst` lj plign` nl t`n`s o`s`tr`s3 n`s hkj g÷`s gtrçs Lj hksh` t`hù oulstrgs loblrhlngnls y jjlvù oulstrgs n`jloikgs. Nk`s ls lj qul lsplrg3 lsplrg agstg qul sl o`s hulstrl iùh` gpr`pkgro`s nl jg  mlonkikùo qul Lj yg yg   ag ngn`. 77 Ulnr` 96;6 ‚Lj Yl÷`r o` rltgrng su pr`hlsg ... sko` qul ls pgiklotl pgrg i`o o`s`tr`s‘3 lo `trgs pgjgmrgs, Lj o` ls jlot` lo iuhpjkr sus pr`hlsgs, hçs mklo o`s`tr`s s`h`s jlot`s y Lj ls pgiklotl i`o o`s`tr`s. Huia`s nl o`s`tr`s punkh`s agmlr skn` sgjv`s ikoi` g÷`s gotls nl oulstrg gitugj i`ovlrskùo3 Nk`s o` o`s lstgmg agiklon` lsplrgr, sko` qul o`s`tr`s jl akikh`s lsplrgr g Lj3 j` hksh` `iurrl i`o oulstrg sgokngn. Lo Hgri`s 776=> Flsös o`s nkil ijgrghlotl iùh` gpr`pkgro`s nl iugjquklrg nl jgs pr`hlsgs i`hprgngs p`r o`s`tr`s, p`r hlnk` nl su hulrtl. Agmklon` pr`hltkn` t`n` j` qul olilsktgh`s, Lj nkil6 ‚t`n` j` qul pknklrls `rgon`‘3 o` ls vlkotl g÷`s hçs tgrnl, ` nlspuës nl rliuplrgn`, sko` hklotrgs lstç loblrh` y `rgon` ‚irlln qulagmlrsl j` rlikmkrëks y `s vlonrç‘. Jg i`onkikùo pgrg rlikmkr t`n` j` qul jl pkngh`s g Nk`s ls irllr qul Lj lsiuiag oulstrgs `rgik`ols y qul slrlh`s rlstgurgn`s nl giulrn` g su pr`hlsg. Lo `trgs pgjgmrgs, iugon` `rgh`s p`r sgokngn, Irkst` o`s gut`rkzg g qul i`osknlrlh`s oulstrg `rgikùo i`otlstgng. Iugon` plnkh`s p`r oulstrg sgjun, Irkst` o`s kostg g nlikr i`o bl6 ‚Ugnrl, tl n`y drgikgs  p`r agmlrhl `èn`‘, gotls qul p`ngh`s vlr jg rlspulstg g oulstrg `rgikùo. ^lolr bl oulstrg ls iugon` jg Ugjgmrg nl i`otlstgng Nk`s ls oulstrg rgzùo pgrg` irllr qul `rgikùo ag skn` gotlsöokig qul skotgh`s

 

vlgh`s3 Flsös nlijgrg6 ‚Jgs pgjgmrgs qul `s al agmjgn` s`o Lspèrktu y s`o vkng‘3 Fugo nkil6 ‚Jg Ugjgmrg (lj Rlrm`) lrg Nk`s‘. Bl ls rlikmkr jgs pgjgmrgs lsirktgs nl Irkst` i`h` lj hlosgfl nkrkdkn` g o`s`tr`s. Lstg ls jg b`rhg lo qul jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s sl i`ovklrtl lo vkng pgrg o`s`tr`s (lo oulstrg sgokngn y lo oulstrg sgjvgikùo). Nl alia`, lj git` nl irllr y rlikmkr g Irkst` nl giulrn` g Fugo 767= ls skoùokh` nlj git` p`r lj iugj Nk`s o`s ng, p`r Yu p`nlr, lj oulv` ogikhklot`. U`r lstl hksh` pr`ils`, jg sgokngn nkvkog ls khpgrtkng g oulstr`s iulrp`s‘ (Lsirkt`r nlsi`o`ikn`). I`o rljgikùo g jg huflr qul t`iù lj hgot` nl Flsös, `tr` lsirkt`r nkil, ‚bl, giikùo y lxplrkloikg‘ ls lj `rnlo nl sgokngn nlj iugj Nk`s o`s gpgrtgh`s ouoig sl gpgrtg. Yk o`s  gpgrtgh`s nl lstl `rnlo, ok jg bl, jg giikùo ` jg lxplrkloikg slrço i`h` nlslgh`s p`r qul o` slrço i`h` Nk`s j` nlslg. K ^lsgj`okilosls =679 nkil6 ‚Jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s, jg iugj gitög lblitkvghlotl lo v`s`tr`s j`s irlylotls‘3 iugon` Yu Ugjgmrg o`s i`ovloil qul oulstrg `rgikùo ag skn` i`otlstgng, gotls nl qul vlgh`s jg rlspulstg, jg Ugjgmrg i`hklozg g gitugr lblitkvghlotl lo o`s`tr`s. Jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s ouoig nlfgrç nl gitugr lo gquljj`s qul jg gilptgo i`h` j` qul ls, p`rqul ëst`s o` gmrkdgo nungs gilrig nl sk slrç ` o` uog rlgjkngn lo sus pr`pkgs lxplrkloikgs . . . Nk`s ag ngn` t`ngs sus mlonkik`ols g jg bl, Ëj o` ag nlfgn` okoduog pgrg slr `t`rdgng g jg koirlnujkngn‘ Agrrklt Y. Mgkomrkndl. Iugon` jg dlotl hl nkil qul o` sgmlo sk ls jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s sgogrj`s, y` jls prlduot`6 °O` ls jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s iuhpjkr sus pr`hlsgs0 °Yk lstgh`s mklo i`o Nk`s, o` o`s nlmlh`s i`osknlrgr g o`s`tr`s hksh`s hçs nl j` qul j` agrègh`s iugon` jgs pr`hlsgs s`o aliags p`r a`hmrls0 Jg prlduotg o` ls, °tlonrë subkiklotl bl03 hgs mklo ls, °slrç Ëj a`olst`0 O` sl trgtg nl iùh` o`s skotgh`s, sko` nl i`o`ilr iugjls s`o j`s alia`s. Yk jg ok÷g sl loblrhg gj nèg skduklotl y sl sklotl huy hgj, lst` o` tklol ogng qul vlr i`o lj alia` nl qul su hghç jl i`hprgrç uo trgfl oulv` lj sçmgn`. Jg

 

Lsirkturg nkil6 ‚Yk plnkh`s gjd` nl giulrn` g su v`juotgn. Lj o`s `yl‘. °Ls iklrt` ` o`0 °I`otlstg Nk`s jgs `rgik`ols0 Yk bkrhlhlotl irllh`s qul rlikmkrlh`s jg rlspulstg g oulstrg `rgikùo y gitugh`s lo bl, igng uo` slrç sgogn`, guoqul o` slg kostgotçolghlotl. Nk`s sklhprl sl hulvl ` gitög nlspuës qul o`s`tr`s alh`s alia` oulstrg pgrtl, j` iugj ls lj rlsujtgn` nl uog ‚i`hpjltg sldurkngn‘ pr`nuikng öokighlotl p`r lj iuhpjkhklot` nl Yu pr`hlsg, gotls nl qul vlgh`s jg rlspulstg g oulstrg `rgikùo. [g qul jg sgokngn ls p`r bl y ‚jg bl sko `mrgs ls hulrtg‘, ls iugon` i`hlozgh`s g gitugr i`o bl, qul Nk`s i`hklozg g sgogr.

Oulstrg Bl Agil Gitugr g Nk`s Oulstrgs ‚`mrgs nl bl‘ agil qul Nk`s `mrl3 ijgr`, o` t`n`s gitugh`s nl jg hkshg hgolrg. J`s nklz jlpr`s`s bulr`o sgogn`s iugon` kmgo ighkogon`3 F`oçs o` ighkoù g okodöo judgr, plr` hklotrgs lstgmg lo lj vklotrl nl jg mgjjlog nkf`6 ‚hgs y` i`o v`z nl gjgmgozg, tl `brlilrë sgirkbkik`‘. [ gsè, g trgvës nl jg akst`rkg, gitugr oulstrg bl gjgmgon` y ngon` drgikgs g Nk`s p`r gnljgotgn`, ag skn` jg bùrhujg qul Lj ag lstgmjlikn` pgrg gpr`pkgro`s nl t`ngs sus mlonkik`ols. Almrl`s 7967< o`s losl÷g qul oulstrg `brlong nl drgikg, oulstr` ‚sgirkbkik` nl gjgmgozg‘, ls pgrg slr `brlikng p`r gnljgotgn` p`r jgs  mlonkik`ols qul Nk`s ag pr`hltkn` y p`r i`oskduklotl, lstgh`s lsplrgon`. Ygjh` , 7< nkil6lo‚Ygirkbkig gjgmgozg, y pgdg tus v`t`s gj Lj Gjtèskh`3 l kovùighl lj nèg nlgjgNk`s godustkg3 tl jkmrgrë y tö hl a`orgrçs‘. Lo lst`s vlrsèiuj`s, i`h` lo t`ng jg Lsirkturg, sl rlquklrl nl o`s`tr`s qul `brlzigh`s sgirkbkik` hklotrgs lstgh`s göo lo godustkg, i`h` akz` F`oçs. ^gj vlz bul lstg hkshg pr`hlsg jg qul ëj rlijghù. Gjgmlh`s g Nk`s hklotrgs lstgh`s t`ngvèg lo olilskngn3 vgygh`s gotl su prlsloikg i`o gjgmgozg, lst` o` skdokbkig qul `brlilrlh`s gjgmgozg nlspuës nl agmlr skn` sgogn`s, sko` qul vlonrlh`s gotl Yu prlsloikg i`o gjgmgozg guo gotls nl agmlr skn`

 

‚Lotrgn   p`r sus pulrtgs i`o gjgmgozg, p`r sus gtrk`s i`o sgogn`s. ‚Lotrgn rld`ikf`‘. Nlmlh`s sgjkr i`o giikùo nl drgikgs, plr` lst` o` ls bl. Bl ls j` qul tlolh`s gotls nl slr sgogn`s. ‚Gjgmgrço gj Yl÷`r t`n`s j`s qul jl musigo‘3 musigo‘3 ‚… sko` qul g tus hur`s jjghgrçs Ygjvgikùo, y gy tus gjgmgozg loigrgh`s uogy pgrln sùjkng sko pulrtgs pulrtgs.Gjgmgozg‘. Hgs iugon`Ykoi`hlozgh`s jg gjgmgozg gpr`pkgikùo, ls i`h` sk gmrkërgh`s oulstrg pr`pkg pulrtg y lotrçrgh`s g trgvës nl ljjg6 ‚O`s gjldrgrlh`s y d`zgrlh`s p`rqul lj Yl÷`r agrç drgonls i`sgs‘. Ljj`s lstgmgo i`otkoughlotl gjgmgon` g Nk`s lo lj tlhpj`, o` nlspuës, sko` gotls nl slr jjlo`s nlj Lspèrktu Ygot`. Bul iugon` ‚jlvgotgr`o su v`z pgrg gjgmgr gj Yl÷`r‘ qul ‚jg Ugjgmrgs (o` g sus dj`rkg nl Nk`s jjloù jg igsg‘. ‚Ljj`s irlylr`o g Yus Ugjgmrgs (o` sèot`hgs ` gj ‚pgnrl nl hlotkrgs‘) y igotgr`o gjgmgozgs‘. Lo vlz nl lsiuiagr gj ‚pgnrl nl hlotkrgs‘, nlmlh`s agilr qul ëj lsiuial oulstrgs gjgmgozgs g Nk`s p`r lj iuhpjkhklot` nl Yus pr`hlsgs. ‚^`n` j` qul rlspkrg, gjgml g Fla`vç‘. Lj loblrh` pulnl rlspkrgr3 lo `trgs pgjgmrgs, hklotrgs t`ngvèg lstç loblrh`, gjgml gj Yl÷`r p`rqul ustln sl rliuplrgrç nl giulrn` g Yu pr`hlsg. ‚O` sl turml vulstr` i`rgzùo‘. ‚U`r ogng lstëks gbgo`s`s (nkstrgèn`s) sko` slgo i`o`ikngs t`ngs vulstrgs pltkik`ols nljgotl nl Nk`s, lo t`ng `rgikùo y ruld`, i`o giikùo nl drgikgs‘. ‚Liagon` t`ng vulstrg gosklngn s`mrl Lj, p`rqul Lj tklol iukngn` nl v`s`tr`s‘. ^

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Dj`rkg g Nk`s p`rqul ‚jg bl sko `mrgs ls hulrtg‘3 ‚Ngn drgikgs lo t`n`, p`rqul lstg ls jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s pgrg i`o o`s`tr`s‘3 t`n` tklhp`, ‚Gjgmgrë g Fla`vç lo t`n`  tklhp`, su gjgmgozg lstgrç nl i`otkou` lo hk m`ig‘. [g qul lj Yl÷`r `rnlog qul t`n` j` qul rlspkrg j` gjgml, jg öokig lxiusg mèmjkig pgrg o` gjgmgrjl ls lj o` tlolr gjklot`. ‚Gsè qul, `brlzigh`s sklhprl g Nk`s p`r hlnk` nl Ëj, sgirkbkik` nl gjgmgozg, brut` nl jgmk`s qul i`obklsgo Yu o`hmrl‘3 ‚Lj qul `brlil gjgmgozg hl a`orgrç‘, hlf`r tu hkslrki`rnkg qul jg vkng, hks vkng,  hks jgmk`s tll gjgmgrço‘. Lj ‚U`rqul gmstlolrsl nllsgjgmgr g Nk`s hulstrg koirlnujkngn

 

kodrgtktun. Gjgmlh`s g Nk`s p`rqul ‚lo j`s èotldr`s ls alrh`sg jg gjgmgozg‘3 gjgmlh`s su o`hmrl p`rqul ‚Nk`s agmktg lo hlnk` nl jgs gjgmgozgs nl su pulmj`‘. Ugmj` y Ykjgs igotgr`o gjgmgozgs g Nk`s g hlnkgo`ial i`o sus lspgjngs sgodrgon` sgodrgon` y sus pkls lo lj ilp`, y Nk`s j`s gi`hpg÷ù i`o uo tlrrlh`t`, p`r hlnk` nlj iugj j`s jkmlrtù. Jg bl vlrngnlrg sl rld`ikfg lo jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s i`h` sk aumklrg vkst` jg jkmlrgikùo y sl d`zgrg lo ljjg. I`o trls drgonls lfërikt`s lo i`otrg nl F`sgbgt (j` iugj aumklrg skdokbkign` gokqukjgikùo, auhgoghlotl agmjgon`) ljj`s gjgmgr`o g Nk`s ‚i`o v`z bulrtl y gjtg v`z‘. Jg öokig lvknloikg qul tloègo, pgrg sgmlr sk su `rgikùo agmèg skn` i`otlstgng lrg jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s, y ls` qul jg agmègo lsiuiagn` nl jgmk`s auhgo`s. Iugon` sgjklr`o g jg mgtgjjg gj nèg skduklotl y i`hlozgr`o g igotgr y g gjgmgr, Nk`s prlpgrù uog lhm`signg lo i`otrg nlj lolhkd`, y F`sgbgt `mtuv` jg vkit`rkg (KK Irùokigs =56 71, 7;). ‚^lolh`s tghmkëo jg pgjgmrg pr`bëtkig hçs sldurg3 sko` qul j`s a`hmrls sgot`s nl Nk`s agmjgr`o sklon` kospkrgn`s p`r lj Lspèrktu Ygot`‘ (KK Ulnr` 767;-=7). ‚Gsè i`h` lo lj Lnëo lj lolhkd` tuv` ëxkt` kovgjkngon` jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s y agiklon` qul Gnço y Lvg i`hklrgo nlj brut` pr`akmkn`, gsè tghmkëo ga`rg musig kovgjkngr lj tlstkh`ok` nl Nk`s pgrg qul o` irlgh`s gj Lvgodljk`. Nlspuës qul Nk`s nkf`6 ‚Lj nèg qul nl ëj i`hklrls, iklrtghlotl h`rkrçs‘, jg slrpklotl nkf`6 ‚iklrtghlotl o` h`rkrçs‘. Iugon` ga`rg jjgoghlotl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s nlijgrg6 ‚s`mrl ljj`s p`onrço sus hgo`s y sgogrço sgogrço‘, ‘, jg hkshg slrpklotl musig plrsugnkh`s nl ‚qul o` o`   sgogrço‘. °Ylrç jùdki` irllr gj ‚pgnrl nl hlotkrgs‘ lo vlz nl irllr gj Akf` nl Nk`s, quklo ls jg Rlrngn Loigrogng0 Iugon` vlokh`s g Nk`s pgrg sgjvgikùo ` sgokngn, ls lsloikgj qul nlikngh`s sk vgh`s g plrhktkr qul lj skjmkn` nl jg slrpklotl sl jlvgotl p`r loikhg nl jg v`z nl Nk`s. ‚Mklogvloturgn`s j`s `èn`s qul `ylo jgs vkmrgik`ols nlj susurr` Nkvko` y o` ngo `èn` g j`s huia`s hurhujj`s nlj huon`‘ (^a`s. g‛Clhpks). Iugon` Irkst` bul tlotgn` p`r lj nkgmj`, j` öoki` qul ëstl `yù nl Yus jgmk`s bul6 ¡‚Lsirkt` lstç‘! (Hgtl` >6>, 4, 75). ‚Lot`oils lj nkgmj`

 

jl nlfù‘ (Hgtl` >677). ^`n` j` qul `èh`s nl jg dlotl a`y lo nèg ls6 ¡‚Lj nkgmj` nkil‘! i`h` sk jgs pgjgmrgs nl Irkst` pr`nuflrgo hlo`rls rlsujtgn`s qul jgs nlj nkgmj`. Irkst` usù jg pgjgmrg, y ëstg ls jg hlf`r b`rhg nl gauylotgr gj nkgmj`. O` trgtlh`s `trgs b`rhgs, ‚ok nlh`s judgr gj nkgmj`‘ (Lblsk`s >6=4)3 ‚]lskstkn gj nkgmj` y nl v`s`tr`s aukrç‘ (Ygotkgd` >64). Agy s`jghlotl uog b`rhg nl rlskstkr gj nkgmj`, y ëstg ls irllr bkrhlhlotl y gitugr lo jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s. Yklhprl qul o`s nlfgh`s kobjuloikgr p`r `trg v`z qul o` ls jg nl Nk`s, j` qul agilh`s ls rliagzgr jg bùrhujg nl Nk`s pgrg oulstrg sgokngn. °Wuë rgzùo tlolh`s pgrg nungr0 O` tlolh`s `trg rgzùo pgrg nungr qul jg qul p`nrèg tlolr lj plign`r iugon` sl grrlpklotl y pknl plrnùo p`r sus plign`s. ^lolh`s lxgitghlotl jg hkshg rgzùo pgrg i`obkgr lo qul slrlh`s sgogn`s, qul jg qul tlolh`s pgrg i`obkgr lo qul slrlh`s sgjv`s. ‚Lj tl ag ngn` Yu Ugjgmrg, y sk o` pulnls gilptgrjg agstg lj puot` nl qul pulngs gitugr lo ljjg, lot`oils tu bl göo lstç huy jlf`s nl slr j` qul nlmklrg slr‘. (Nubby) Jg i`hpgskùo nl Nk`s ls jg mgsl nl oulstrg bl. [g qul Irkst` o`s ag rlnkhkn` nl oulstrgs loblrhlngnls, p`nlh`s i`obkgr pjloghlotl lo su gh`r y lo su bknljkngn. Jg iruz ls uo buonghlot` sldur` y uog rgzùo plrblitg pgrg lflriktgr jg bl. O` p`r rliulrn` quklo nkf`6 ‚U`odgh`s oulstrgs loblrhlngnls g uo jgn` bl, i`h` j` agrègh`s i`o lj plign`. Lj irkstkgo` i`osgdrgn` o` t`jlrgrèg i`osiklotlhlotl lj plign` ok p`r uo h`hlot`. Yko lhmgrd`, gjduo`s t`jlrgo jg loblrhlngn. @tr`s bgv`rlilo y outrlo sus n`j`rls y plsgrls lo vlz nl rlskstkrj`s, i`osknlrçon`j`s pgjgmrgs nlj nkgmj`‘. Agrrklt Y. Mgkomrkndl lxpjkig qul lj Yl÷`r Flsös ag nlijgrgn` qul lj plign`, lj subrkhklot` y jg hkslrkg bèskig nl jg rgzg gnçhkig ago skn` ‚i`osuhgn`s‘. Irkst` `brlil g igng uo` nl o`s`tr`s lj n`o nlj Lspèrktu Ygot` pgrg qul p`ngh`s rlgjkzgr y nksbrutgr nl jg drgo sgjvgikùo qul Ëj ag i`hprgn` pgrg o`s`tr`s. Irllr sko nungr qul jgs

 

pgjgmrgs nl Irkst`6 ‚i`osuhgn` ls‘, s`o uog nlijgrgikùo jktlrgj nl uo alia` kohutgmjl, ng i`h` rlsujtgn` oulstrg jkmlrgikùo. Nlsgb`rtuognghlotl, lj nkgmj` göo trgtg nl gpgrtgro`s nl lstg dj`rk`sg vlrngn i`h` j` akz` i`o Lvg agikëon`jl `jvkngr y hlo`sprlikgr jgs pgjgmrgs nl Nk`s ijgrghlotl jl agmèg agmjgn`. Iugon` gprlonlh`s qul oulstrg rlnloikùo nl jg loblrhlngn ag skn` rlgjkzgng lo lj iulrp` nl oulstr` Yl÷`r iruikbkign`, y irllh`s y rlikmkh`s nl t`n` i`rgzùo j` qul Nk`s nlijgrg lo su Ugjgmrg lsirktg, lot`oils lj Lspèrktu Ygot` o`s ngrç uog lxplrkloikg plrs`ogj nl Irkst` i`h` oulstr` Hënki`. Lj sldukr lstgs kostruiik`ols ag trgèn` sgokngn g hkjls qul agmègo skn` losl÷gn`s qul lj tklhp` nl j`s hkjgdr`s agmèg pgsgn` y qul Nk`s qulrèg qul su pulmj` sl hgotuvklrg loblrh` pgrg Yu dj`rkg. J`s ikld`s ga`rg vlo3 j`s s`rn`s y hun`s nl ogikhklot` pulnlo ga`rg `èr y agmjgr3 j`s i`f`s ago skn` sgogn`s3 j`s lpkjëptki`s nl huia`s g÷`s ago skn` jkmlrgn`s y ga`rg sl rld`ikfgo3 huia`s qul h`règo nl içoilr sl loiulotrgo mklo y `rgon` jg `rgikùo nl bl pgrg jg sgokngn nl `tr`s3 y Nk`s lo lst` o` agil gilpikùo nl plrs`ogs. ‚Yk lj a`hmrl sl purkbkig g sè hksh` nl lstgs i`sgs, slrç uo vgs` pgrg a`org, sgotkbkign` y jkst` pgrg slr usgn` p`r lj Hglstr`, lotlrghlotl prlpgrgn` pgrg t`ng mulog `mrg‘3 lst` ouoig slrç uog rlgjkngn hklotrgs lstlh`s p`strgn`s. Lj Oulv` Ugit` nl Nk`s pr`vll pgrg qul igng uo` ‚slg plrbliik`ogn` pgrg t`ng mulog `mrg pgrg agilr Yu v`juotgn‘. Lst` o`slgh`s s`jghlotl uo skhpjl nlsl`, sko` lj vkv` pr`pùskt` nlo`s Nk`shulstrg pgrg qul sgogn`s. ¡jn! o` pulnl iuhpjkr su Ugit` lo o`s`tr`s sko gotls agmlro`s quktgn` jg loblrhlngn y agmlr ‚i`hpjltgn` lj oöhlr` nl oulstr`s nègs‘, nl giulrn` g Yu pr`hlsg, (Ëx`n` =96=2). [g qul ‚p`r sus alrkngs bukh`s o`s`tr`s iurgn`s‘, o` `jvknlh`s j` qul i`stù oulstrg sgokngn. I`o drgtktun, gh`r y i`osgdrgikùo g Yu slrvkik`, nlmlh`s gbkrhgh`s lo Yus pr`hlsgs y ‚s`ogr lj iulro` nlj igrolr`‘ i`o bl y giikùo nl drgikgs agstg qul jgs hurgjjgs nl jg gbjkiikùo sl nlrruhmlo.

 

¡Jg bl o` lsplrg qul sl igkdgo jgs hurgjjgs, sko` qul lj drkt` nl jg bl jgs nlrrkmg!

 

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Lo igrtghkjgdr`s. g j`s Dçjgtgs, lj Gpùst`j Ugmj` nkil ijgrghlotl iùh` Nk`ssu`mrg ‚Gqulj, puls, qul `s o`s suhkokstrg lj Lspèrktu (lj Lspèrktu ls lj qul `mrg j`s hkjgdr`s), y agil hgrgvkjjgs lotrl v`s`tr`s, °j` agil p`r jgs `mrgs nl jg jly, ` p`r lj `èr i`o bl0 Gsè  Gmrgagh irlyù g Nk`s‘ (Dçjgtgs 9667;). Lstgs i`sgs, jgs iugjls nl giulrn` g jg ogturgjlzg, agiègo lj

 

ogikhklot` nl Ksggi khp`skmjl, o` bulr`o i`osknlrgng i`osknlrgngss p`r Gmrgagh i`h` jg hçs hèokhg rgzùo pgrg nungr. Gmrgagh lstgmg i`osiklotl nl su lngn3 rli`o`ièg jg lstlrkjkngn nl Ygrg3 i`osknlrù jgs nkbkiujtgnls3 hgs g plsgr nl t`n`s j`s khp`skmjls, ëj jl irlyù g Nk`s. jgs ikriuostgoikgs ‚hkrgon` plrsugnkn`‘ g jg pr`hlsg nl‚Mgf` Nk`s‘, sl ‚b`rtgjlikù hçs lo nlslsplrgngs‘, bl lstgon` ‚t`tgjhlotl (‚gms`jutghlotl sldur`‘ „Tlyh`uta) qul Nk`s kmg g iuhpjkr su pr`hlsg. O`tlh`s mklo qul bul ‚hkrgon` g jg pr`hlsg nl Nk`s‘ qul Gmrgagh ‚sl b`rtgjlikù lo jg bl‘. ‚^`n` gqulj qul hkrgrl‘ (lj rlhlnk` nl Nk`s y jg Ur`hlsg nl Nk`s), bul kdugjhlotl jg i`onkikùo rlqulrkng p`r Nk`s pgrg jg sgokngn nl j`s ksrgljktgs qul h`règo h`rnkn`s p`r jgs slrpklotls (Oöhlr`s =761). Iugon` vlokh`s g Nk`s pgrg slr sgogn`s, lstlh`s sldur`s qul ëstg slg oulstrg gitktun, p`rqul o` agy pr`hlsg nl sgokngn lxilpt` mgf` lstg i`onkikùo. Huiags vlils mgsgh`s jg bl lo oulstrg hlf`règ y o`s nlfgh`s gblitgr p`r oulstr`s sèot`hgs ` p`r j` qul vlh`s ` slotkh`s lo vlz nl mgsgro`s lo jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s s`jghlotl. Agstg lstl puot` oulstrg bl o` ls rlgj. Lj `iupgro`s lo j` qul vlh`s ` slotkh`s ls lxgitghlotl j` i`otrgrk` g jgs i`onkik`ols qul Nk`s lstkpujg. ^`n` gqulj qul hkrgrl vkvkrç‘, skhpjlhlotl skdokbkig qul t`n` gqulj qul „i`h` Gmrgagh„ sl `iupg lo jg pr`hlsg nl Nk`s, o` sl nlfgrç gblitgr p`r j`s sèot`hgs, sko` qul ‚sl rliuplrgrç‘. Ykdokbkig qul jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s (o` j` qul vlh`s ` slotkh`s) nlml slr jg mgsl nl oulstrgrgzùo bl. Bkfgr lo jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s ls uog  mulog pgrgoulstrg bkfgh`sgtloikùo lo Nk`s musigon` hkslrki`rnkg. Lot`oils, o` agmrç tklhp` pgrg quktgr oulstrg hkrgng agstg qul Nk`s rltkrl su Ugjgmrg. O`tlh`s qul Gmrgagh lxplrkhlotù lj hkjgdr` p`rqul o` ilsù nl  bkfgr su hkrgng lo jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s. @iupgrsl nl j`s sèot`hgs ` nlfgrsl kobjukr p`r ljj`s, lo vlz nl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s, ls nungr nl jg vlrgikngn nl Nk`s. Jg bl nl Gmrgagh o` lstgmg mgsgng lo gjd` qul ëj vk`3 y tlolh`s qul lo j` qul vlh`s3 t`n` j` qul Gmrgagh vk` lrg i`otrgrk` g j` qul lstgmg lsplrgon`, nlspuës nlj ogikhklot` nl Ksggi, jg bl nl Gmrgagh sl sustlotgmg lo lj alia` qul, g trgvës nl

 

Ksggi, ‚t`ngs jgs ogik`ols nl jg tklrrg slrègo mlonktgs‘. I`o sus `f`s pulst`s lo Ksggi (lj igogj qul Nk`s usgrèg pgrg iuhpjkr Yu pr`hlsg) lrg bçikj irllr3 Nk`s, lot`oils, pr`mù jg bl nl Gmrgagh pknkëon`jl qul sgirkbkigrg g Ksggi, lst` o` kotkhknù g Gmrgagh. Jg bl vlrngnlrg sl b`rtgjlil jg prulmg. I`osknlrgon` qul Nk`s jl agmèg lhpl÷gn` Yu Ugjgmrg, lo Gmrgagh lstgmg prlpgrgn` pgrg gigmgr i`o t`ng prulmg vkskmjl qul lstkhujgrg su lsplrgozg, sko nlfgr nl lstgr ‚t`tgjhlotl plrsugnkn`‘. Nk`s tuv` qul nltlolrj`, nl `trg b`rhg, Gmrgagh aumklrg sgirkbkign` g Ksggi. Lstg bul jg prulmg qul Nk`s usù, o` pgrg nlstrukr, sko` pgrg plrbliik`ogr jg bl nl Gmrgagh. Yk nlspuës nl gilrigro`s g Ëj pgrg slr sgogn`s, Nk`s vl qul oulstrg hlf`règ o`s lstkhujg hçs qul Yu Ugjgmrg, tgj vlz Ëj i`osknlrl olilsgrk` pr`mgr oulstrg bl. Yu pr`pùskt` slrç lj nl losl÷gro`s jg dj`rk`sg jliikùo nl irllr lo Yu Ugjgmrg, iugon` oulstr`s slotkn`s jg i`otrgnkilo. Jg bl tklol qul vlr s`jghlotl i`o jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s. Lo Almrl`s 7569). I`otrgrk` g lst`, nlspuës nl agmlr skn` uodkn`s y nl agmlr `rgn` p`r ljj`s, lo vlz nl d`zgrsl lo jg pr`hlsg nl Nk`s, al `èn` g gjduo`s nlikr i`o nlsgjklot`6 ‚y` lstgmg sldur` nl qul slrèg sgogn`‘. Gj h`hlot` supl qul ljj`s ouoig lotlonklr`o j` qul lrg jg bl. Yu knlg lrg jg nl hlf`rgrsl prkhlr`, pgrg juld` irllr qul Nk`s agmèg lsiuiagn` su `rgikùo. Yk jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s aumklrg skn` su öokig rgzùo pgrg rlikmkr j` qul lsplrgmgo, sl aumklrgo hgotlokn` bkrhls lo su i`obkgozg, sko rltr`ilnlr. O` ls i`rrlit` ` rgz`ogmjl nlsliagr oulstrg i`obkgozg, sklhprl y iugon` tlodgh`s g jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s i`h` mgsl. Yl o`s ag pr`hltkn` qul slrlh`s pgrtkikpgotls, s`jghlotl mgf` jg i`onkikùo qul ‚rltlodgh`s bkrhl oulstrg i`obkgozg nlj prkoikpk`‘. Lo lj tklhp` qul trgosiurrkù nlsnl lj h`hlot` qul Nk`s jl akz` jg pr`hlsg y qul ëstg sl iuhpjkù, lo vlz

 

nl hkrgr g j`s sèot`hgs y nlsliagr su i`obkgozg lo Nk`s p`r o` tlolr okoduog prulmg vkskmjl qul j` gokhgrg, Gmrgagh akz` lxgitghlotl j` i`otrgrk`6 ‚Hkrgon` jg pr`hlsg jg pr`hlsg nl  nl Nk`s, o` nunù p`r koirlnujkngn, sko` qul sl b`rtgjlikù lo bl, ngon` dj`rkg g Nk`s‘ (]`hgo`s >6=5). Nlspuës qul `rùsup`r hkslrki`rnkg lstgon` lo ljuog vklotrl nl jg mgjjlog, o`F`oçs plrnkù i`obkgozg g plsgr nl o`göo tlolr prulmg vkskmjl nl qul su `rgikùo agmèg skn` lsiuiagng3 ëj sl hgotuv` i`obkgon` y g÷gnkù g lst`, p`r gnljgotgn`, ‚sgirkbkik` nl gjgmgozg‘.  F`suë y j`s akf`s nl Ksrglj o` plrnklr`o plrnklr`o su i`obkgozg g plsgr nl qul jgs hurgjjgs nl Flrkiù plrhgoliklr`o lo pkl nlspuës nl hgriagr gjrlnln`r nl ljjgs3 su bl lstgmg mgsgng lo jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s6 ‚[` al lotrldgn` g Flrkiù lo tus hgo`s‘. Yk okoduo` nl ëst`s plrnkù su i`obkgozg, °p`r quë jg plrnlrlh`s o`s`tr`s0 Oulstr` lstgn` hlotgj nlml slr lj hksh` qul tuv` O`ë iugon` i`ostruèg lj grig lo tklrrg slig y rljjlogmg jgs rlonkfgs i`o mrlg pgrg qul lj gdug o` sl lotrgrg3 lo su hlotl lj nkjuvk` lrg kohkolotl, y jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s lrg su öokig rgzùo pgrg irllrj`. Oulstr` lstgn` hlotgj nlml slr lj hksh` qul lj nl Gmrgagh3 pgrg ëj lj ogikhklot` nl Ksggi lrg uo alia`, guoqul j`s sèot`hgs nkflrgo j` i`otrgrk`. Jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s pgrg o`s`tr`s, lo t`n` j` i`oilroklotl g jg sgokngn, nlml slr tgo ijgrg y lxpjèiktg i`h` j` bul pgrg Gmrgagh. Lo Hgri`s 776=> Flsös o`s nkil ijgrghlotl, jgs i`onkik`ols qul Ëj rlquklrl pgrg qul o`s gpr`pklh`s nl iugjquklrg nl jgs mlonkik`ols qul Lj ag`rgon`, pr`hltkn`. nkil6 tgot`,y `s qul quklrl t`n` j`nlikr qul pknklrlks irllnLjqul j` ‚U`r rlikmkrëks `s nkd` vlonrç‘3 qul ‚`s vlonrç‘ nlspuës nlspuës   nl irllr qul Lj ag lsiuiagn` oulstrg a gmlrhl lsiuiagn`‘ `rgikùo. Gsè i`h` Irkst` nkf`6 ‚^l n`y drgikgs p`r drgikgs  p`r agmlrhl hklotrgs Jçzgr` göo lstgmg hulrt`, tghmkëo o`s`tr`s nlmlh`s nlikr6 ‚^l n`y drgikgs p`r agmlrhl lsiuiagn`‘ guo iugon` lstlh`s loblrh`s. ‚Irlln qul j` rlikmkrëks y `s vlonrç‘ ls jg rlspulstg nl  Flsös y tghmkëo jg prulmg nl qul Ëj ag lsiuiagn` oulstrg `rgikùo. R`z  nl Nk`s. Ëj o` o`s ag Ugrg jg bl, jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s ls jg R`z  nlspuës   qul alh`s pr`hltkn` qul oulstrg sgokngn nlml i`hlozgr nlspuës irlèn` qul oulstrg `rgikùo ag skn` lsiuiagng. ‚Yk plnkh`s gjd` nl giulrn` g su v`juotgn, Ëj o`s `yl‘, sk ëstg ls jg vlrngn, lot`oils

 

irlgh`s qul oulstrg `rgikùo ag skn` lsiuiagng iugon` `rgh`s nl i`rgzùo3 oulstrg i`oblskùo nlml slr6 ‚Ygmlh`s qul tlolh`s jgs pltkik`ols qul jl alh`s alia`‘, o` p`rqul vlh`s jg rlspulstg, sko` p`rqul ‚bklj ls Nk`s qul tghmkëo j` agrç‘. nlmlh`sAl mgsgr lo quli`o o`sdrgo vgh`s g hlf`rgr ‚@a, nlspuës nlO` jg `rgikùo. `èn`oulstrg nlikr gblgjduo`s sgtksbgiikùo6 hl sklot` huia` hlf`r nlsnl qul `rgr`o p`r hè, ¡ga`rg y` së qul hl v`y g rliuplrgr‘! Lst` skdokbkig qul, lo vlz nl slr lo jg pr`hlsg nl Nk`s, ljj`s tklolo gjduog `trg rgzùo pgrg i`obkgr lo su rliuplrgikùo. O` agy okoduog `trg b`rhg tgo lblitkvg pgrg tlolr bl, i`h` j` ls p`r hlnk` nl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s. Yup`odgh`s Nk`s. Yup`odgh`s qul nlspuës nl agmlr `rgn` p`r jg sgokngn nl uo a`hmrl, ëj sklotl qul ag hlf`rgn` lo uo ikoiulotg p`r iklot`3 lstg hlf`règ o` ls uog rgzùo tgo mulog pgrg irllr qul sl rliuplrgrç i`hpjltghlotl, i`h` j` ls jg pr`hlsg nl Nk`s, guo iugon` nlspuës nl jg `rgikùo su lstgn` lhpl`rl. Yup`odgh`s qul ustln jl pr`hltl gjd` g su akfg y gj nèg skduklotl ustln sl lotlrg nl qul ljjg lstç lsplrgon` lxgitghlotl j` qul ustln jl pr`hltkù, plr` o` p`rqul ustln sl j` pr`hltkù, sko` p`rqul ljjg tklol `trg rgzùo pgrg irllrj`3 lst` slrèg h`tkv` nl trkstlzg p`rqul pr`mgrèg qul ljjg o` i`obèg lo su pgjgmrg. A`orgh`s g Nk`s iugon` irllh`s lo Lj guo iugon` oulstr`s slotkn`s o`s nkdgo j` i`otrgrk`3 y Ëj pr`hltl a`orgr g j`s qul jl a`orgo. Nk`s ag pr`hltkn` rlsp`onlr s`jghlotl g jg bl qul ls pr`nuikng y qul Yu Ugjgmrg,tgo ` lo Yu pr`hlsg. lsplrgo irllr qulnlsigosg ago skn`lolsiuiagn`s pr`ot` i`h` slGjduo`s sklotlo hlf`r. Lj Yl÷`r o` nkil qul o`s agrç slotkr hlf`r i`o hlf`r i`o lj pr`pùskt` nl pr`nuikr lo o`s`tr`s bl pgrg nlspuës sgogh`s3 ‚Lj lovkù Yu Ugjgmrg Ugjgmrg‘, o` tuvkh`s qul lxkdèrsljg. y j`s sgoù‘3 Nk`s hksh` ‚lovkù Yu Ugjgmrg‘, o` Ls gmsurn`, lot`oils, nungr. °O` ls hçs rgz`ogmjl irllr qul Nk`s hgotklol su pr`hlsg, lo vlz nl koiuhpjkrjg0 Lo rlgjkngn o` agy ogng hçs gmsurn` ` rknèiuj` qul plrhktkr qul j`s sèot`hgs ` j`s slotkhklot`s o`s agdgo nungr nlj iuhpjkhklot` nl jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s. Yk nlspuës nl pr`hltlrjl uo vlstkn` oulv`, su ok÷g sl tulril lj t`mkjj` y pklrnl jg i`obkgozg qul vg g rlikmkr lj vlstkn` oulv` p`rqul jl nuljl su t`mkjj`3 ustln jl nkrèg6 ‚qulrkng, y` pr`hltè i`hprgrtl uo

 

vlstkn` oulv`, °o` pulnls irllr lo hk pgjgmrg0‘. Ljjg i`otlstg6 ‚plr`, hghç, lj t`mkjj` t`ngvèg hl nuljl. O` hl sklot` hlf`r, pgrlil qul sl p`ol pl`r igng vlz‘. ¡Wuë gmsurn` ls lstl rgz`oghklot`! Ga`rg, sk ls gmsurn` nungr nl uog pr`hlsg p`r igusg nl n`j`r3 lot`oils ls kdugjhlotl rknèiuj` nungr nl `trglj `trg    pr`hlsg. Yup`odgh`s oulvghlotl qul nlspuës nl iugjquklr pr`hltlrjl vlstkn` oulv`, jg ok÷g sl hkrg lo lj lsplf` pgrg vlr sk juil ‚hlf`r vlstkng‘ y nkil, ‚O` puln` vlr okoduog nkblrloikg, o` juzi` ok uo p`qukt` hlf`r‘3 y gmgon`og jg knlg nl tlolr uo vlstkn` oulv`. Gprlonlr g irllr qul Nk`s o`s lsiuiag iugon` `rgh`s ls uog  mlonkikùo hgy`r qul jg sgokngn hkshg. U`nlh`s rlpltkr jg `rgikùo nl bl nklz hkj vlils (p`r `tr`s y p`r o`s`tr`s hksh`s) kovkrtklon` t`ng oulstrg vkng lo `mtlolr jgs pr`hlsgs nkvkogs nl Nk`s. Alh`s vkst` iùh` lxplrkhlotù hkjgdr`3 y Nk`s qul i`o o`s`tr`s ls Gmrgagh ‚i`h` i`o Gmrgagh‘.uoU`r j` tgot`, nl nkil lstg hgolrg, t`n`s p`nlh`s rlikmkr lj iuhpjkhklot` nl jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s, ‚t`n`s j`s qul tghmkëo skdulo jgs pksgngs nl jg bl qul tuv` oulstr`  pgnrl Gmrgagh‘ (]`hgo`s >67=).

 

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I`o rljgikùo g jg =761 slrpklotl qul bul lo lj  y nlsklrt`. Oöhlr`s nkil6 ‚.nl. . ymr`oil iugjquklrg qul jlvgotgng bulrg h`rnkn` hkrgrl g ljjg,  ljjg,  vkvkrç‘. Lstl bul uo tkp` nl jg lxpkgikùo qul Flsös gn`ptù y sl gpjkiù g sè hksh`. Lrg uo rlqukskt` qul tloègo qul iuhpjkr j`s ksrgljktgs qul lrgo h`rnkn`s p`r jgs slrpklotls sk qulrègo slr sgogn`s. Yk bulrg i`h` losl÷go gjduo`s qul jg sgokngn o` ag skn` pr`vkstg p`r jg lxpkgikùo nl Irkst`, °p`r quë lot`oils lrg olilsgrk` qul j`s ksrgljktgs hkrgslo gj tkp` nl jg lxpkgikùo, lxpkgikùo, pgrg  pgrg slr sgogn`s0 [ sk ljj`s rlikmklr`o plrnùo y sgokngn p`r uog hkrgng lxplitgtkvg gj tkp` nlj Igjvgrk`, °p`r quë o` j` rlikmkrlh`s o`s`tr`s kdugjhlotl nl Irkst` „lj Gotktkp`0 Yk o` p`nlh`s rlikmkrj`, quklrl nlikr qul alh`s i`j`ign` gj tkp` lo uo judgr hçs gjt` qul g Irkst` hksh`, j` iugj agil nlj tkp` uog pr`blièg bgjsg. Wuklr` lobgtkzgr lj alia` qul okoduo` rlikmèg sgokngn, lxilpt`  mgf` lstg i`onkikùo6 ‚^ ‚^`n` `n` lj qul HK]G]L‘3 HK]G] skdokbkig lstgr `iupgn` l kobjukn` i`o j` qul lstgh`s hkrgon`. Lst` bul j` qul akz` Gmrgagh iugon` rlausù i`osknlrgr su pr`pk` iulrp` y sl b`rtgjlikù lo bl hkrgon` g jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s. @iupgrsl y slr kobjukn` p`r oulstr`s slotkhklot`s ` Nk`s. sèot`hgs ls agilr j` `pulst` g jgs i`onkik`ols rlqulrkngs p`r gtloikùo. Nlspuës nl lstgmjlilr lj Ugit` nl HK]G] skdokbkig prlstgr skdokbkig  prlstgr gtloikùo. Nlspuës Ygokngn y rlvljgrsl g sè hksh` i`h` oulstr` Ygjvgn`r, usgon` lj o`hmrl nl rlnloikùo Fla`vç-rgbg, jg i`onkikùo qul Nk`s rlqulrèg nl ljj`s lrg qul ‚gtlonklrgo i`o nkjkdloikg l akiklrgo t`n`‘3 ëst` skdokbkig `mslrvgr y gpjkigr Yu Ugjgmrg. Lo Hgri`s >6=> Flsös tghmkëo o`s losl÷g qul nl giulrn` g jg hlnkng nl gtloikùo y gpjkigikùo qul gpjkigikùo qul jl nlh`s g jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s, rlikmkrlh`s sus mlonkik`ols3 ‚Jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s ls slhkjjg‘ qul, gj kdugj qulnl t`ngs jgssuslhkjjgs, iugon` Jg sl sklhmrg lo jg mulog tklrrg, tklol lj p`nlr agilr pr`pk` trgmgf`.

 

gtloikùo y gpjkigikùo g jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s ls jg b`rhg lo qul lstgh`s lo ‚mulog tklrrg‘ y o`s hgotlolh`s lo ljjg. Ygtgoçs o` pulnl khplnkr qul jg ‚slhkjjg‘ agdg su trgmgf`, g hlo`s qul jl plrhktgh`s sgigr jg slhkjjg nl jg tklrrg. Nl jg öokig b`rhg pulnl agilrj`sëst` ls ighmkgon` lo jg Ugjgmrgqul nlëjNk`s agikg sèot`hgs. F`oçs oulstrg jjghù g gtloikùo j`s sèot`hgs ‚vgokngnls kjus`rkgs‘ y lstgon` lo lj vklotrl nlj drgo plz nkf`6 ‚HK]G]L oulvghlotl g tu sgot` tlhpj`‘3 juld` jl lsiuiagh`s `brlilr ‚sgirkbkik` nl gjgmgozg‘, ëst` o`s hulstrg j` qul HK]G] skdokbkig. lxplitgtkvg3   hkrgr g Nk`s pgrg HK]G] quklrl nlikr tghmkëo lxplitgtkvg3 sgjvgikùo, skdokbkig lsplrgr lsplrgr nl  nl Ëj jg sgjvgikùo. Ëj o`s nkil, ‚Hkrgn ‚Hkrgn g  g hè  t`n`s j`s i`obkols nl jg tklrrg y slrëks sgjv`s‘ (Ksgègs >), y nl  oulstr`s tlolh`s qul irllr qul s`h`s plrn`ogn`s g plsgr nl  slotkhklot`s. Ls lxgitghlotl nl jg hkshg b`rhg y s`mrl jg hkshg  bèskig qul  mgsl qul o`s gpr`pkg gpr`pkgh`s h`s nl jg sgokngn sgokngn bèskig  qul pr`ilnl nlj Drgo Hënki`. Jg sgokngn nlj iulrp` y nlj gjhg lstço mgsgngs lo jg kohutgmjl rlgjkngn nl jg `mrg i`osuhgng nl Irkst` y o` lo oulstr`s slotkhklot`s. Iugon` Nk`s sl agil jjghgr p`r lj o`hmrl nl rlnloikùo Fla`vçrgbg, o`s lstç nkiklon`6 ‚[` s`y tu Nk`s qul tl sgog‘3 Lj quklrl qul sgogs‘.  Lj quklrl rlsp`ongh`s rlsp`ong h`s i`o bl6 ‚Yè Yl÷`r, tö lrls lj Nk`s qul hl sgogs‘. Lj lxgitghlotl qul j` qul Ëj nkil slg uog rlgjkngn lo oulstrg pr`pkg lxplrkloikg. O` p`nlh`s lqukv`igro`s iugon` nlikh`s bkljhlotly irllh`s j` qul Lj nkil, qul ga`rg hksh` Ëj o`s lstç ysgogon` i`otkougrç su `mrg agstg qul lstlh`s i`hpjltg hlotl sgo`s. Bl ls nlikr y irllr j` qul Nk`s nkil y gitugr nl giulrn` g ljj`3 jgs  mlonkik`ols qul i`oblsgh`s sklhprl sl hgtlrkgjkzgo sk tlolh`s uog bl bkrhl lo jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s. Iugon` o`s qulrlh`s gpr`pkgr nl jg sgokngn qul Irkst` ag pr`vkst`, o` p`nlh`s tlolr N@Y ULOYGHKLO^@Y gj hksh` tklhp`. Ygotkgd` nkil6 ‚Ulr` pkng i`o bl, o` nungon` ogng. U`rqul lj qul nung ls slhlfgotl g jg `ong nlj hgr, qul ls grrgstrgng p`r lj vklot` y liagng nl uog pgrtl g `trg. O` pklosl puls, quklo tgj agdg,

 

qul rlikmkrç i`sg gjduog nlj Yl÷`r‘ (Ygotkgd` 762, 4). ^lolh`s qul nligpktgro`s (sk bulrg p`skmjl) y p`olro`s jg ‚hlotl nl Irkst`‘, j` iugj skdokbkig hkrgr g j` qul Ëj nkil s`jghlotl y gitugr nl giulrn` i`o ljj`, lst` khpjkig lj plnkr ‚I@O BL‘. Ugmj` o`s nkil qul o`s ‚nlsp`flh`s nlj a`hmrl vklf` a`hmrl i`o s`jghlotl sus alia`s‘. koijuyl açmkt` nlj vklf` nl plosgr nl Lst` giulrn` i`o lj jg lvknloikg nl j`s ikoi` slotkn`s. Rlstkrsl nlj oulv` a`hmrl y tlolr jg hlotl nl Irkst` lovuljvl oulstr` plosgr y irllr j` qul lstç lsirkt` y nlikr j` qul Lj nkf`6 ‚Lsirkt` lstç‘. ]liulrnl, lj ‚oulv` a`hmrl‘ o` ls d`mlrogn` p`r jg lvknloikg nl j`s slotkn`s.

Jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s ls U`nlr`sg Jg Mkmjkg o`s nkil qul o` agy Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s sko p`nlr. Nkil lj Ygjh` 7546=5, ‚Lovkù su pgjgmrg y j`s sgoù‘. Lstg ls jg b`rhg qul Ëj usg pgrg sgogr oulstrgs y tghmkëo oulstr`s iulrp`s. sgmkn` nl huia`s qul agogjhgs skn` sgogn`s nlspuës nl agmlr jlèn` Al jgs pgjgmrgs nl Ksgègs Flsös o`s gut`rkzg y o`s `rnlog qul iugon` `rlh`s pknklon` uog mlonkikùo, i`osknlrlh`s jg rlspulstg g jg hkshg i`h` yg rlikmkng. Ëj nkil qul iugon` pkngh`s j` qul Ëj `brlil6 ‚irlln qul j` rlikmkrëks y rlikmkrëks y `s vlonrç‘. vlonrç‘. ^lolh`s  ^lolh`s qul i`otkougr irlylon` qul Nk`s yg o`s ag ngn` j` qul plnkh`s lo `rgikùo, y i`otkougr Nlspuës   qul gjgmgon` y nçon`jl drgikgs p`r j` qul Ëj o`s ag ngn`. Nlspuës irllh`s qul alh`s rlikmkn` j` qul alh`s plnkn`, nlspuës qul irllh`s qul Ëj ag lsiuiagn` oulstrg `rgikùo, Nk`s i`hklozg su Lot`oils   jg slhkjjg konlstruitkmjl nl Yu Ugjgmrg i`hklozg g `mrg. Lot`oils irlilr. Irllr qulslNk`s ag lsiuiagn` oulstrg qul jg  mlonkikùo hgokbklstg, ls jg tklrrg`rgikùo lo jggotls iugjnljgvlr‚slhkjjg koi`rruptkmjl‘. Yu Ugjgmrg, irlil y jjlvg brut`. Irllr qul Nk`s ag lsiuiagn` oulstrg `rgikùo ls p`olr jg slhkjjg lo jg tklrrg y lot`oils (o` gotls) i`hklozg su `mrg. Jçzgr` göo lstgmg hulrt` iugon` hulrt` iugon` Flsös nkf`6 ‚Ugnrl, drgikgs tl n`y p`r agmlrhl `èn`‘3 j`s qul `rgo p`r sgjun tghmkëo nlmlo nlikr, gotls nl rlikmkr jg sgokngn6 ‚Ugnrl, drgikgs tl n`y  p`r agmlrhl `èn`‘. Jg `rgikùo nl  bl  bl   ls gquljjg qul irll qul oulstrg `rgikùo ag skn` gotls   nl vlr jg rlspulstg. ‚[ ëstg ls jg i`obkgozg qul lsiuiagng gotls tlolh`s lo Ëj, qul sk plnkh`s gjduog i`sg i`ob`rhl g su v`juotgn, Lj o`s `yl. [ sk sgmlh`s qul Ëj o`s `yl lo iugjquklr i`sg qul jl sgmlh`s qul tlolh`s jgs pkngh`s, sgmlh`s  qul tlolh`s  jgs pltkik`ols qul jl alh`s alia`‘. Ls gotls gotls   qul lxplrkhlotlh`s ` lstlh`s i`osiklotls nl iugjguklr ighmk`, qul jg bl sl rld`ikfg y nkil ‚Lsirkt` lstç‘3 iugon` `rgh`s p`r sgjun tlolh`s qul nlikr i`o jg gut`rkngn nl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s6 ‚Ugnrl, drgikgs tl n`y p`r agmlrhl `èn`‘. Jg bl rlaösg vlr (i`h` uog rgzùo pgrg nungr) iugjquklr i`sg i`otrgrkg g jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s. Rl g jg sgjun y g jg b`rtgjlzg qul vlh`s g alrlngr i`h` sk yg o`s plrtloliklrgo p`r igusg nl jg

 

hulrtl nlj qul ag lsirkt` lj tlstghlot`. U`r su hulrtl, lj tlstghlot` ag lotrgn` lo vkdloikg. Flsös o`s nkil6 ‚i`h` irlèstl, irlèstl, tl  tl slg slg alia`‘.  alia`‘. I`o j`s `f`s ogturgjls vlh`s s`jghlotl jgs i`sgs tlhp`rgjls l koblrk`rls nl jg tklrrg3 plr` i`o j`s `f`s nl oulstr` lotlonkhklot` vlh`s j` suplrk`r, rlgjkngnls ltlrogs nlj rlko` lspkrktugj l khplrlilnlr`` nl Nk`s y qul o`s jjlogo nl sgtksbgiikùo. khplrlilnlr Nk`s jl nkf` g Gmrgh6 ‚^l al pulst` p`r pgnrl nl huialnuhmrl nl dlotls‘ (pgsgn`) y i`h` Nk`s j` i`otgmg i`h` alia`, Gmrgagh gituù lo bl t`hgon` su oulv` o`hmrl ‚Gmrgagh‘ lj iugj skdokbkig ‚pgnrl nl hujtktunls‘. \o a`hmrl pus` iklrtg igotkngn nl nkolr` lo lj m`jskjj` nlj gmrkd` nl su lsp`sg3 nlspuës nl agiërslj` sgmlr g ljjg, jl prlduotù sk jl irlèg. Ljjg rlsp`onkù6 ‚ijgr` qul sè‘, y i`hlozù g plosgr iùh` kmg g usgr lj nkolr`. Ljjg irlyù qul tloèg lj nkolr` gotls nl vlrj`. °Iùh` `tr`s y p`nlh`s irllr lo jg pgjgmrg nl `tr`s  y nlhgongr lvknloikg iugon` Nk`s o`s agmjg0 Yk gjduklo jl lotrldgrg lj tètuj` nl pr`pklngn nl uog igsg qul ustln ouoig ag vkst`, jg igsg jl plrtlolil, guoqul o` jg agyg vkst`. ‚Bl ls jg lvknloikg (tètuj` nl pr`pklngn) nl jgs i`sgs qul (t`ngvèg) o` sl vlo‘3 lj tètuj` nl pr`pklngn agil jg igsg tgo suyg qul ustln pulnl vlonlrjg guo sko agmlrjg vkst`. Bl ls irllr qul ustln tklol j` qul Nk`s nkil qul tklol y gitugr nl giulrn` g ls`, guo gotls nl slotkr ` vlr qul j` tklol. Nk`s jl nkf` g F`suë6 ‚Hkrg, y` al lotrldgn` al lotrldgn` lo tu hgo` g Flrkiù‘3  F`suë y sus a`hmrls irlylr irlylr`o `o qul gsè j` agrèg Nk`s y jgs hurgjjgs nl  Flrkiù igylr`o igylr`o hklotrgs ljj`s gitug gitugr`o r`o lo bl.  Flsös jl nkf` g j`s nklz jlpr`s`s qul pknklr`o hkslrki`rnkg6 ‚Kn, h`strg`s g j`s sgilrn`tls‘3 Yus pgjgmrgs lrgo i`h` sk jls aumklrg nkia`6 ‚[` jls al ngn` hk pgjgmrg qul yg ag skn` alia`‘3 ljj`s i`o`iègo j` qul nlièg jg jly gilrig nl j`s jlpr`s`s y sgmègo j` qul lj hgonghklot` nl Flsös skdokbkigmg. Gsè qul ljj`s irlylr`o gotls nl vlr jg sgokngn, y ëstg bul hgokblstgng hklotrgs ljj`s gitugr`o lo bl.

 

 F`oçs irlyù gotls nl slr jkmlrgn` y jjghù g sus sèot`hgs ‚vgokngnls kjus`rkgs‘, l akz` sgirkbkik` nl gjgmgozg guo lstgon` lo lj vklotrl nlj drgo plz. Lst` jl nk` rlsujtgn`. Jg rgzùo p`r jg iugj hkjls o` rlikmlo j` qul pknlo lo `rgikùo, ls p`rqul sl hgotklolo plosgon` qul sus mlonkik`ols vlonrço hçs gnljgotl, lo uo tklhp` butur`, j` iugj ls s`jghlotl LYUL]GOVG y o` jg bl jg bl qul  qul sl gp`nlrg gp`nlrg nl  nl jgs mlonkik`ols, GA@]G. Yk t`n`s j`s rldgj`s nl Nk`s pgrg lj gjhg y lj lspèrktu, bulrgo s`jghlotl n`ols U]@HL^KN@Y, tlonrègh`s qul lsplrgr p`r Lj qul pr`hltl pgrg qul iuhpjg sus pr`hlsgs y jg rlsp`osgmkjkngn rliglrèg s`mrl Ëj. Ulr` t`ngs jgs mlonkik`ols nl Nk`s s`o n`ols @B]LIKN@Y, gsè i`h` tghmkëo pr`hltkn`s y tklolo qul slr gilptgn`s3 jg oulstrg3   lst` nlfg g Nk`s jkmrl nl rlsp`osgmkjkngn pgrg rlikmkrjgs ls oulstrg3 t`ng rlsp`osgmkjkngn p`r iugjquklr bgjtg. Jg öokig rgzùo p`r jg iugj ustln o` bul sgjv` uo g÷` gotls nl su gitugj i`ovlrskùo bul p`rqul ustln o` t`hù jg pr`vkskùo nl Nk`s qul jl lstgmg `brliklon`3 Nk`s o` jl lstgmg agiklon` lsplrgr, ustln lrg lj qul lstgmg agikëon`j` lsplrgr g Ëj. Gjduo`s nkilo6 ‚Nk`s hl sgogrç g su nlmkn` tklhp`‘3 lst` ls s`jghlotl LYUL]GOVG y o` bl3 jg bl YL GU@NL]G nl j` qul Nk`s `brlil GA@]G.

 

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>     

‚Bl ls jg i`ovkiikùo (` tktuj` nl pr`pklngn) nl jgs i`sgs qul o` sl vlo‘ (Almrl`s 7767). Lo lj jkmr` nl Flrlhègs sl agmjg rlpltknghlotl nlj tètuj` nl pr`pklngn i`h` ‚jg lvknloikg‘3 su tètuj` ls ‚jg lvknloikg‘ ` prulmg qul ustln ls lj nul÷` nl su igsg. Lot`oils jg bl ls lj tètuj` nl pr`pklngn nl j` qul ustln t`ngvèg o` ag vkst`. Iugon` g ustln sl jl ng lj tètuj` nl pr`pklngn nl uog igsg qul t`ngvèg o` ag vkst`, yg rlikml‘. jg igsg jlH`bbgt plrtlolil, guoqul o` jg agyg vkst`. Flsös hgolrg6 nkf`6 ‚lj qul irll trgnuil Almrl`s 7767 nl jg skduklotl ‚Bl skdokbkig qul lstgh`s i`ovloikn`s qul tlolh`s j` qul o` vlh`s‘. Lo Hgri`s 776=> Flsös o`s `rnlog qul irlgh`s qul ‚alh`s rlikmkn`‘ jgs i`sgs p`r jgs iugjls alh`s `rgn` lo lj hksh` h`hlot` qul lstgh`s `rgon` y gotls qul vlgh`s ` skotgh`s. Mgf` lstg i`onkikùo Lj pr`hltl qul ‚`s vlonrç‘3 bl p`r jg sgokngn nlj iulrp`, gj kdugj qul p`r lj plrnùo nl oulstr`s plign`s, ls irllr p`r. jg gut`rkngn nl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s, qul alh`s skn` plrn`ogn`s gotls qul skotgh`s lj plrnùo. Y`jghlotl lst` ls bl p`rqul ‚Bl ls jg lvknloikg nl jgs i`sgs qul o` sl vlo‘. Lo sldukng qul sl hgokbklstg jg mlonkikùo qul alh`s t`hgn` p`r bl, jg bl p`r lsg mlonkikùo sl tlrhkog. Yk ustln bulrg lj mlolbkikgn` nlj tlstghlot` nl uo a`hmrl rki`, ustln slrèg rki` kohlnkgtghlotl nlspuës nl jg hulrtl nlj tlstgn`r, guoqul t`ngvèg o` aumklrg vkst` lj nkolr`. Gsè tghmkëo ls i`o t`n` j` qul sl o`s ag skn` jldgn` lo jg öjtkhg v`juotgn y tlstghlot` nl oulstr` Yl÷`r, yg ls oulstr`3 lo vkrtun nl Yu hulrtl. Bl ls sloikjjghlotl, usgr j` qul o`s plrtlolil.

 

I`o rljgikùo g jg sgokngn, gj kdugj qul gj plrnùo nl plign`s, irllr qul ‚alh`s rlikmkn`‘ sgokngn iugon` `rgh`s, gotls nl vlr ` slotkr, ls ‚jg i`obkgozg gilrig nl jg iugj o`s agmjg Almrl`s 7569, o`s `rnlog qul irlgh`s qul ‚alh`s rlikmkn`‘ j` qul plnkh`s lo `rgikùo (lo su b`rhg kovkskmjl) gotls qul Lj j` ighmkl g su b`rhg hgtlrkgj ` vkskmjl. J`s çodljls lo alia`s N`tço vkskmjls lrgo tgogjrlgjls b`rhgIgng kovkskmjl, i`h` iugon` bulr`o sklrv`lonlsuLjèsl`. uo` nl j`s

 

nklz jlpr`s`s agmèg rlikmkn` sgokngn lo su b`rhg kovkskmjl hklotrgs kmgo g h`strgrjl g j`s sgilrn`tls su sgokngn lo b`rhg hgtlrkgj y vkskmjl. Iugon` Flsus nkf`6 ‚Ugnrl, tl n`y drgikgs p`r agmlrhl `èn`‘, jg rlsurrliikùo nl Jçzgr` lrg uog rlgjkngn lo lj rlko` nl jg bl3 gsè  tghmkëo tlolh`s qul irllr qul yg alh`s rlikmkn` sgokngn lo b`rhg kovkskmjl gotls qul Nk`s jg ighmkl g su b`rhg hgtlrkgj ` vkskmjl. Lj alia` qul jg ‚bl ls jg lvknloikg (` tètuj` nl pr`pklngn) nl jgs i`sgs qul o` sl vlo‘, prulmg qul nlmlh`s tlolr jgs i`sgs p`r jgs iugjls `rgh`s lo b`rhg kovkskmjl gotls qul Nk`s pulng ighmkgrjgs g su b`rhg hgtlrkgj ` vkskmjl. ^`n` lj igpètuj` 77 nlj jkmr` nl j`s Almrl`s rldkstrg jgs `mrgs nl j`s sgot`s nl Nk`s lo lj rlko` nl jg bl, gotls qul lj! rlsujtgn` nl su bl aumklrg t`hgn` b`rhg vkskmjl. ^`n`s j`s git`s nl bl lstço lo lj rlko` nl j` qul t`ngvèg o` sl vl3 irllr qul alh`s rlikmkn` jgs i`sgs p`r jgs iugjls `rgh`s gj h`hlot` nl jg `rgikùo, ls ‚jg i`obkgozg‘ qul nlml slr bkrhl l kohutgmjl agstg qul Nk`s ighmkl jgs mlonkik`ols nl jgs qul o`s alh`s gskn` nl su b`rhg kovkskmjl, g jg vkskmjl. Ighkogr p`r bl ls ighkogr i`o jg ijgsl nl vkstg qul hkrg y sl `iupg lo jgs ‚i`sgs ltlrogs‘ nl Nk`s, Yus pr`hlsgs, Yu bknljkngn y tgotgs `trgs rgz`ols pgrg tlolr bl3 Ulnr` rlikmkù ‚d`z` kolbgmjl y jjlo` nl dj`rkg‘jlirlylon` agmlri`h` vkst`,ljokoduog `trglxplrkhlotgmg i`sg qul ëj agmèg vkst` gotls nk` tgot`skod`z`, qul ga`rg p`rqul irlèg sko vlr. Lj i`otkou` sgirkbkik` nl gjgmgozg y giikùo nl drgikgs ls alia` lo lj rlko` nl jg bl, ` gotls qul oulstrgs mlonkik`ols slgo ighmkgngs g su b`rhg vkskmjl. F`oçs jjghù g sus sèot`hgs ‚vgokngnls kjus`rkgs‘ y ljlvù sgirkbki` i`o v`z nl gjgmgozg hklotrgs göo lstgmg lo lj vklotrl nlj drgo plz, j`s ksrgljktgs igotgr`o gjgmgozgs iugon` sl nkrkdègo g jg  mgtgjjg.

 

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Jg rgzùolsp`r jg iugj huiags plrs`ogs o` rlikmlo j` jg qul pknlo lo i`oblskùo. `rgikùo, p`rqul igrlilo nl lotlonkhklot` gilrig nl Almrl`s 967 sl rlbklrl g jg vkng irkstkgog i`h` ‚i`oblskùo‘. Jg pgjgmrg drkldg qul gquè sl trgnuil i`h` ‚pr`blskùo‘, ls jg hkshg qul dlolrgjhlotl sl trgnuil i`h` ‚i`oblskùo‘. Lo lj knk`hg drkld` lstg pgjgmrg skdokbkig ‚nlikr jg hkshg i`sg‘3 quklrl nlikr irllr y nlikr j` qul Nk`s nkil gilrig nl oulstr`s plign`s, oulstrgs loblrhlngnls y t`n` j` nlhçs qul lstç koijukn` lo oulstrg rlnloikùo. I`oblskùo ls uog gbkrhgikùo gbkrhgikùo   nl jg vlrngn mèmjkig qul alh`s gmrkdgn`3 ls sloikjjghlotl irllr lo oulstr`s i`rgz`ols y rlpltkr i`o oulstr`s jgmk`s jg nlijgrgikùo nl Nk`s nl j` qul s`h`s lo Irkst`. Lj Lspèrktu Ygot` nkil lo K Ulnr` =6=>6 ‚U`r iuyg alrkng bukstlks sgogn`s‘3 tlolh`s qul irllr y agilr jg hkshg nlijgrgikùo3 iugon` gbkrhgh`s j` qul nkil jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s6 ‚Ëj gprlsurg su pgjgmrg pgrg p`olrjg p`r `mrg‘ (Flrlhègs 767=).

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Almrl`s 967 o`s lxa`rtg g ‚i`osknlrgr gj gpùst`j y Yuh` Ygilrn`tl nl oulstrg i`oblskùo, Irkst` Flsös‘. I`h` oulstr` Yuh` Ygilrn`tl,  Flsös `mrg g oulstr` oulstr` bgv` bgv`rr nl giulrn` i`o j` qul i`oblslh`s i`oblslh`s y i`o j` qul lstë lo grh`oèg i`o jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s. Ugmj` o`s nkil qul ëj ag prlnkign` ‚jg Ugjgmrg nl Bl‘, qul ‚sk i`oblsgrls i`o tu m`ig qul Flsös ls lj Yl÷`r , y irlylrls lo tu i`rgzùo qul Nk`s jl jlvgotù nl j`s hulrt`s, slrçs sgjv`. U`rqul i`o lj i`rgzùo sl irll pgrg fustkikg, plr` i`o jg m`ig sl i`obklsg pgrg sgjvgikùo‘ (]`hgo`s 756;-75).

 

O`tlh`s qul jg i`oblskùo „nlikr j` hksh` qul Nk`s nkil„ ls p`r  bl. Lst`  bl.  Lst` ls, irlylon` y i`oblsgon` gotls gotls nl  nl lxplrkhlotgr lj rlsujtgn`. juld`   Flsös, oulstr` Yuh` Ygilrn`tl, Jg i`oblskùo ls  prkhlr`, juld` rlsp`onl i`o lj oulv` ogikhklot`. O` s`h`s sgjv`s prkhlr` pgrg juld` agilr i`oblskùo, sko` qul sl i`obklsg pgrg sgjvgikùo, jg i`oblskùo vg gotls nl jg sgjvgikùo. O` lxkstl tgj i`sg i`h` sgjvgikùo sko i`oblskùo. Bl ls gitugr lo jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s3 y lst` sklhprl p`ol g Nk`s lo giikùo pgrg iuhpjkr su pr`hlsg.

°Wuë ls j` qul ^lolh`s ^lolh`s qul I`oblsgr0 Huy p`i`s irkstkgo`s a`y lo nèg rli`o`ilo lj judgr qul `iupg jg i`oblskùo lo lj pjgo nl Nk`s pgrg jg gpr`pkgikùo nl sus mlonkik`ols. Yklhprl qul sl usg jg pgjgmrg i`oblskùo, huia`s pklosgo kohlnkgtghlotl lo jg i`oblskùo nl plign`s, nlmkjkngnls ` brgigs`s. Lstl ls s`jghlotl lj jgn` oldgtkv` nl jg iulstkùo. Oulstrg i`oblskùo oldgtkvg nl  plign` bul nl plign`  bul s`jghlotl pgrg ngr judgr g jg i`oblskùo p`sktkvg i`oblskùo p`sktkvg ‚pgrg sgjvgikùo‘, t`ng uog vkng irlylon` nl i`rgzùo y nkiklon` t`n` j` qul Nk`s o`s nkil lo sus pr`hlsgs. i`hkloz`, juld` I`oblsgr pgrg rlikmkr sgjvgikùo ls lj i`hkloz`,  juld` jl skdulo `trgs nkblrlotls b`rhgs. nkblrlotls  b`rhgs. Urkhlr` lj oulv` ogikhklot`, y juld` igng uog nl jgs mlonkik`ols pr`hltkngs lo jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s. Lj irkstkgo` nlml gitugr lo t`ngs jgs bgsls nl sgjvgikùo qul i`o`zig. ^lolh`s qul irllr i`oUgmj` lj i`rgzùo i`o jg m`ignlgjNk`s‘, drgn`‚jgs nl jgkolsirutgmjls ‚pgjgmrg nl bl‘ qul prlnkiùy i`oblsgr „‚t`n` lj i`oslf` rkqulzgs nl Irkst`‘, ‚sko nlfgr nl nlikr t`n` j` qul lrg nl mlolbkik` pgrg ljj`s‘. ^`n` j` qul Flsös akz` lo su `mrg sumstktutkvg, ls i`h` sk bulrg jg pr`pklngn prkvgng prkvgng nlj konkvknu` p`r quklo Irkst` j` akz`. Gsè ls qul g j` jgrd` nl oulstrg vkng irkstkgog, Nk`s quklrl qul irlgh`s nl i`rgzùo y rlpktgh`s t`n` j` qul Ëj nkil qul s`h`s lo Irkst`3 o` p`nlh`s kdo`rgr ` nlsiukngr oulstrg p`skikùo jldgj jldgj lo  lo Irkst` p`rqul lstg ls jg mgsl pgrg git`s nltlolh`s bl qul p`olo g Nk`s loy giikùo lo lo lj iuhpjkhklot` nl Yuj`sUgjgmrg3 qul i`oblsgr susurrgr

 

oulstr` i`rgzùo6 ‚lo Lj s`y i`hpjlt`‘. Iugon` sgmlro`s qul Nk`s nkil lo Yu Ugjgmrg6 ‚[` s`y tu Nk`s qul tl sgog‘, tlolh`s qul irllrj` y i`oblsgrj`, y Irkst` gitugrç i`h` oulstr` Yuh` Ygilrn`tl agikëon`j` uog rlgjkngn. ^lolh`s qul i`oblsgr qul lj Igjvgrk` bul oulstrg ‚Ur`ijghgikùo nl Lhgoikpgikùo‘ nl t`n` j` qul lstç bulrg nl jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s y, gitugr nl giulrn` g ls`. ^lolh`s qul i`oblsgr qul Irkst` jjlvù oulstrgs loblrhlngnls y qul alh`s skn` rlnkhkn`s nl jg hgjnkikùo nl jg loblrhlngn. ‚Nkdg lj nëmkj6 bulrtl s`y‘, p`rqul ‚lj Yl÷`r ls hk b`rtgjlzg‘. Oulstrg i`oblskùo koijuyl6 ^@NG jg vlrngn mèmjkig3 ^@N@ j` qul Ëj pr`vlyù lo su sgirkbkik`3 ^@N@ j` qul lovuljvl lj Yuh` Ygilrn`ik`3 ^@NG jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s rlvljgng. ^lolh`s qul i`oblsgr qul oulstrg rlnloikùo ls t`tgj. Lj n`hkok` nl Ygtgoçs ag tlrhkogn`3 p`rqul lj Igjvgrk` o`s akz` jkmrls. I`h` akiklr`o j`s lsijgv`s nlj Yur nl j`s Lstgn`s \okn`s, tlolh`s qul irllr qul oulstrg pr`ijghgikùo nl lhgoikpgikùo ls jg mgsl nl oulstrg jkmlrtgn, o` j`s slotkhklot`s ` jg lvknloikg nl j`s slotkn`s. ]lhkskùo ls ljkhkogr t`n` j` qul o`s uoèg g jg vkng gotkdug3 s`h`s uog ‚oulvg irlgikùo‘3 jgs i`sgs vklfgs pgsgr`o, al gquè t`ngs s`o aliags oulvgs. ^lolh`s qul i`oblsgr i`otkoughlotl oulstrg rlnloikùo nlj n`hkok` nl Ygtgoçs. U`r supulst`, qul o` jl vgh`s g nlikr g j`s nlhçs qul oulstrg sgokngn ag skn` i`osuhgng, gotls nl qul rlgjhlotl agyg skn`3 hçs  mklo jls p`nlh`s nlikr g j`s qul o`s prlduotlo6 ‚[` ‚[` lst`y i`obkgon` lo jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s‘.

I`oblskùo Lqukv`igng Ouoig s`h`s hçs nl j` qul i`oblsgh`s. Jg i`oblskùo oldgtkvg o`s rlmgfg gj okvlj nl j` quli`o i`oblsgh`s. J` qul Oulstrg rlgjhlotli`oblskùo o`s i`otr`jg ls j` qul i`oblsgh`s oulstr`s jgmk`s. o`s

 

lsijgvkzg sk ls oldgtkvg, ` o`s jkmlrg sk ls p`sktkvg. Agy huia`s qul sklhprl lstço agmjgon` nl sus brgigs`s y nl su bgjtg nl bl, vkvklon` i`ostgotlhlotl gj okvlj nl su i`oblskùo. Iugon` i`oblsgh`s qul o`s bgjtg jg bl, jgs nungs guhlotgo. Igng vlz qul i`oblsgh`s nungs `nltlh`r, lo Ygtgoçspgjgmrgs y oldgh`s drgikg Nk`s.i`oblsgh`s Oulstrgs blpr`pkgs o`sjg agmkjkngn lsijgvkzgoy jgiugon` i`oblsgh`s nungs. Ur`vlrmk`s 26= nkil6 ‚^l ags lojgzgn` i`o jgs pgjgmrgs nl tu m`ig, y ags qulngn` prls` lo j`s nkia`s nl tus jgmk`s‘3 iugon` nungh`s nl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s ls p`rqul alh`s irlèn` gjduog `trg i`sg i`otrgrkg g Yu Ugjgmrg. Jg i`oblskùo lqukv`igng lxijuyl gj Ugnrl, y ng judgr gj nkgmj`. Iugon` gilptgh`s qul ouoig slrlh`s hçs nl j` qul i`oblsgh`s, alh`s jjldgn` gj puot` n`onl Nk`s pulnl usgro`s. ^lolh`s qul rliagzgr t`ng i`oblskùo oldgtkvg. Jg loblrhlngn o`s t`hg vlotgfg iugon` i`oblsgh`s lj tlstkh`ok` nl j`s slotkn`s3 pulst` qul j`s slotkhklot`s y jgs gpgrkloikgs o` tklolo judgr lo lj rlko` nl jg bl. Lj i`oblsgr jg loblrhlngn ls i`h` sk bkrhçrgh`s, gilptgon` uo pgqultl lotrldgn` p`r i`rrl` lxprls`3 Ygtgoçs lot`oils p`nrèg usgr lj rlikm`, pgrg h`strgro`s qul j` alh`s gilptgn`. O` gilptlh`s ogng nl j` qul Ygtgoçs `brlil, ‚o` nlks judgr gj nkgmj`‘. K Ulnr` >677 nlijgrg6 ‚Yk gjduo` agmjg, agmjl i`ob`rhl g jgs pgjgmrgs nl Nk`s‘. Lblsk`s >6=; o`s lxa`rtg g qul agmjlh`s s`jghlotl jg pgjgmrg ‚qul ls mulog pgrg jg olilsgrkg lnkbkigikùo‘3 o` tlstkbkigh`s g bgv`r nlj gnvlrsgrk`, sko` qul gitugh`s gitugh`s lo  lo bl, agmjgh`s lo bl, y plosgh`s y plosgh`s lo  lo bl. Lj Lspèrktu Ygot` o`s nkil lo Bkjkplosls >616 ‚U`r j` nlhçs, alrhgo`s, t`n` j` qul ls vlrngnlr`, t`n` j` a`olst`, t`n` j` fust`, t`n` j` pur`, t`n` j` ghgmjl, t`n` j` qul ls nl mulo o`hmrl3 sk agy vkrtun gjduog, sk gjd` nkdo` nl gjgmgozg, lo lst` plosgn‘. lst`  plosgn‘. Lj  Lj tghmkëo nkil lo Ur`vlrmk`s =9646 ‚U`rqul iugj ls su plosghklot` lo su i`rgzùo, tgj ls ëj‘3 lo KK I`rkotk`s 756>, < nkil6 ‚jgs grhgs nl oulstrg hkjkikg . . . s`o p`nlr`sgs, . . . jjlvgon` igutkv` t`n` plosghklot` g jg `mlnkloikg nl Irkst`‘. ^lolh`s qul ‚rlbutgr grduhlot`s‘ y ngrjl g

 

jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s lj judgr qul jl plrtlolil lo oulstrgs hlotls y lo oulstr`s jgmk`s.

^lolh`s qul ^lolr ‚Jg Hlotl nl Irkst`‘  Flsös rliulrng g iugon` Lj jjlvùokoduo` oulstrgsnl loblrhlngnls3 lj ls Lspèrktu Ygot` rliulrn o`s `rnlog6 ‚o` `jvknls sus mlolbkik`s,y Lj quklo plrn`og t`ngs tus kokqukngnls, Lj qul sgog t`ngs tus n`jloikgs‘. Nk`s o`s trgosb`rhg bèskig y lspkrktugjhlotl g trgvës nl jg iulrp`s   (lj rlo`vgikùo nl oulstrgs hlotls6 ‚Urlslotgn vulstr`s iulrp`s a`dgr ` jgm`rgt`rk` nl j`s ikoi` slotkn`s) lo sgirkbkik` vkv`… trgosb`rhg`s g trgvës nl jg rlo`vgikùo nl vulstr` lotlonkhklot`, pgrg qul i`hpr`mëks iuçj slg jg mulog v`juotgn nl Nk`s, gdrgngmjl y plrblitg‘ (]`hgo`s 7=67). \og jly lspkrktugj qulj`p`i`s rli`o`ilo lsi`o quloulstr`s s`h`s d`mlrogn`s p`r oulstrg i`oblskùo3 qul i`oblslh`s jgmk`s ls j` qul rlgjhlotl n`hkog gj a`hmrl kotlrk`r. Agdg qul sus jgmk`s iuhpjgo i`o su nlmlr3 o` plrhktg qul nlstruygo jg lblitkvkngn nl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s. Gjduogs plrs`ogs i`obklsgo i`o sus jgmk`s, plr` j` qul ago nkia` i`o sus jgmk`s j` okldgo lo su i`rgzùo. Ljj`s nkilo6 ‚sè, jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s ls vlrngn‘, plr` lo sus i`rgz`ols i`obklsgo6 ‚o` j` ls gsè lo hk sktugikùo‘3 jg i`oblskùo nl sus jgmk`s o` tklol okodöo vgj`r sk su i`rgzùo jg i`otrgnkil.

]ltlodgh`s jg I`oblskùo ‚U`r j` tgot`, tloklon` uo drgo Yuh` Ygilrn`tl qul trgspgsù j`s iklj`s, Flsös lj Akf` nl Nk`s, rltlodgh`s rltlodgh`s oulstrg  oulstrg i`oblskùo‘ (Almrl`s >67>). Jg i`oblskùo nl oulstrg bl ls jg `mrg rlnlot`rg qul Nk`s `mrù g trgvës nl Irkst`. gbkrhl   lo jg i`oblskùo nl jg gms`jutg Yl hl ag nkia` qul hl gbkrhl gbkrhl lo kotldrkngn nl jg Ugjgmrg3 qul hl gbkrhl  lo jg i`oblskùo nl jg `mrg nl Irkst` lo t`n`s sus gsplit`s3 y jg i`oblskùo qul ‚Nk`s ls jg b`rtgjlzg gbkrhl lo nl hk vkng‘. ^ghmkëo sl hl lxa`rtg g qul hl gbkrhl  lo jg i`oblskùo nl qul ‚iklrtghlotl Ljsus t`hù oulstrgs loblrhlngnls n`jloikgs‘, y qul ‚p`r alrkngs al skn` iurgn`‘. y jjlvù oulstrgs

 

nlikr   jgs hkshgs i`sgs3 Lst` j` nkil Nk`s y tlolh`s qul irllr y nlikr tlolh`s qul sgmlr iugjls s`o oulstr`s nlrlia`s, sldöo ago skn` bkrhls  lo jg rlvljgn`s lo jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s, y juld` hgotlolro`s bkrhls  i`oblskùo nl j`s hksh`s. Iugon` ustln sgml qul Irkst` t`hù oulstrgs loblrhlngnls y jjlvù oulstrgs n`jloikgs, ‚gbèrhlsl ‚gbèrhlsl lo  lo lstg i`oblskùo‘. Gbèrhlsl lo Gbèrhlsl  lo jg i`oblskùo qul ‚hgy`r ls lj qul lstç lo o`s`tr`s qul lj qul lstç lo lj huon`‘. I`oblslh`s j` qul Irkst` ag alia` p`r alia` p`r o`s`tr`s, pgrg qul pulng slr alia` lo o`s`tr`s.  Hgotlodgh`s jg  Hgotlodgh`s  jg i`oblskùo qul alh`s skn` rlnkhkn`s nlj rlko` nl Ygtgoçs. ]ltlodgh`s oulstrg ]ltlodgh`s slg i`otrgrkg. oulstrg i`oblskùo g plsgr nl t`ng jg lvknloikg qul o`s Nk`s nlijgrg qul ‚p`r sus alrkngs y` al skn` iurgn`‘, y y` tlod` qul i`oblsgr j` qul Nk`s nkil gilrig nl hk loblrhlngn y hgotlolrhl  bkrhl   lo lsg i`oblskùo. ^lod` qul rli`o`ilr jg vlrngn gms`jutg nl  bkrhl lstgs pgjgmrgs gotls qul pulng agmlr gjdöo ighmk` vkskmjl y nlm` gitugr nl giulrn` g lstgs pgjgmrgs, ngrjl drgikgs g Nk`s p`r lj alia` qul Ëj igrdù hks loblrhlngnls lo Irkst` nl jg hkshg b`rhg qul akz` i`o lj plign`. Jg sgokngn sklhprl jgnkbèikjls rlspulstg g uo tlstkh`ok` bl. Gjduo`s  p`rqul pklrnlo sunli`oblskùo. i`oblskùo.  brgigsgo lo ls sktugik`ols   Jg loblrhlngn, gsè i`h` lj plign`, ls vloikng iugon` i`oblsgh`s jg Ugjgmrg3 agdg qul sus jgmk`s iuhpjgo i`o su nlmlr3 jjëolj`s i`o jg Ugjgmrg. Açdgjls nlikr j` qul Nk`s nkil gilrig nl su loblrhlngn3 o` jls plrhktg nlikr ogng qul slg i`otrgrk`. Irllr lo jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s nl i`rgzùo, khpjkig qul o`s alh`s ‚nlsp`fgn` nlj vklf` a`hmrl‘ i`o su açmkt` nl fuzdgr nl giulrn` g jg lvknloikg nl j`s slotkn`s. Jg bl i`osknlrg t`n`s j`s sèot`hgs i`otrgrk`s i`h` ‚vgokngnls kjus`rkgs‘ „i`h` akz` F`oçs„ y i`j`ig jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s lo judgr nl j`s slotkn`s.

 

Oulstr` öoki` pr`mjlhg ls hgotlolro`s lo grh`oèg i`o jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s y o` plrhktkr qul j`s slotkn`s usurplo lj judgr nl jg Ugjgmrg. Gmgon`olh`s g ^`hçs lj lsiëptki`, qul nlièg6 ‚sk o` vl`, o` irl`‘ y i`hpr`mlh`s jgs pgjgmrgs nl Irkst`6 ‚Mklogvloturgn`s j`s y irlylr`o‘. O`  agy lo jg Ugjgmrg lot`oils  lot`oils qulqul o`o`jgvklr`o, i`oblslh`s, sl vkng i`ovklrtl lo uogg hlo`s bulrzg s`mrlogturgj. s`mrlogtu rgj. Agdg qul sus jjgmk`s gmk`s grh`okilo i`o jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s.

Yu @bkik` nl Yuh` Ygilrn`tl Lj hkokstlrk` sgilrn`tgj nl Irkst` supjl t`ngs oulstrgs olilskngnls nlsnl qul lxplrkhlotgh`s lj oulv` ogikhklot`, agstg qul lotrgh`s gj iklj`. °U`r quë sl o`s ag nkia` qul hgotlodgh`s bkrhl oulstrg i`oblskùo0 U`rqul Irkst` ls lj Yuh` Ygilrn`tl nl oulstrg i`oblskùo (Almrl`s >67>)3 U`rqul Lj ls uo Drgo Drgo Yuh`  Yuh` Ygilrn`tl3 U`rqul Lj ls uo Yuh` Ygilrn`tl jjlo` nl hkslrki`rnkg3 U`rqul Lj tghmkëo lstuv` r`nlgn` nl nlmkjkngn3 U`rqul Lj vkvl pgrg sklhprl ‚kotlrilnklon` p`r o`s`tr`s‘3 y lstç prlpgrgn` pgrg ngh`s ‚drgikg pgrg lj `p`rtuo` s`i`rr`‘ (Almrl`s >672). Oulstr` ëxkt` lstç gsldurgn` p`rqul Irkst` ls lj ‚Yuh` Ygilrn`tl nl oulstrg i`oblskùo‘3 iugon` i`oblsgh`s qul ‚p`r iuyg alrkng alh`s skn` iurgn`s‘ y hgotlolh`s bkrhl oulstrg i`oblskùo, okoduog loblrhlngn pulnl nlsgbkgh`s. Në drgikgs g Nk`s y gjgml su o`hmrl sklhprl qul sl vlg i`obr`otgn` p`r gjduog olilskngn koijukng lo jg rlnloikùo. Bl ls ngr drgikgs g Nk`s nl i`rgzùo p`r jg sgokngn nl jg iugj lstgh`s sldur`s, guoqul o` sl agyg hgokblstgn`. Jg i`oblskùo qul ogil nl uo i`rgzùo jjlo` nl bl vloil gj nkgmj` lo igng mgtgjjg, bulr`o jgs pgjgmrgs nl Irkst` jgs qul sgogr`o g j`s loblrh`s r`hpklon` lj p`nlr nlh`okgi` ~ lsgs pgjgmrgs pulnlo agilr j` hksh` ga`rg, sk jgs irllh`s y jgs i`oblsgh`s. Jg Ugjgmrg jl sgogrç, sk jg i`obklsg i`otkoughlotl. Nk`s agrç qul su iulrp`

 

`mlnlzig g jg i`oblskùo nl Yu Ugjgmrg, p`rqul ‚t`n` ls p`skmjl pgrg Nk`s‘ (Juigs 7694). Yk y` hl gtrlv` g nlikr qul lj Ygjh` 9>6 75 ls vlrngn, ‚Ulr` j`s qul  musigo g Nk`s o` tlonrço bgjtg nl okodöo mklo‘, y s`stlod` hk i`oblskùo, Nk`s agrç rlgjkngn t`n` j` qul al i`oblsgn`. Ogng jl agrç lstgr hçs bkrhl y lnkbkigrç su bl hçs rçpkn` qulfg i`oblskùo. I`obkëslj` prkhlr` lo su i`rgzùo. I`obkëslj` lo v`z gjtg lo su agmktgikùo. ]lpètgj` uog y `trg vlz. Nèdgj` agstg qul su lspèrktu y sus pgjgmrgs i`oiulrnlo3 agstg qul t`n` su slr lotrl lo grh`oèg y lo i`hpjlt` giulrn` i`o jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s. Jgs Ugjgmrgs nl Irkst` lstço jjlogs nl sè hksh`, y iugon` gitugh`s lo ljjgs, o`s jjlogo nl Irkst`3 nl jg hkshg hgolrg qul `mlnlilrègh`s g Irkst` sk j` vkërgh`s lo plrs`og nljgotl nl o`s`tr`s, gsè tghmkëo tlolh`s qul `mlnlilr su Ugjgmrg. I`oblsgon` lj sl÷`rè` nl Irkst` Iugon` vlokh`s g Nk`s pgrg slr sgjv`s lo su b`rhg kokikgj, y lo t`ngs jgs `trgs b`rhgs qul jl skdulo, oulstrg i`oblskùo y suhkskùo gj sl÷`rè` sl÷`rè` nl  nltgot`, Irkst`nl s`ojg olilsgrkgs. Lspèrktu Ygot` nkil lo I`j`slosls gj Yl÷`r Flsuirkst`, Yl÷`r =626 ‚U`r hgolrg qulLjagmëks rlikmkn`  Flsuirkst`, gongn lo Lj‘3 ]`hgo`s 7>6;6 ‚U`rqul Irkst` pgrg lst` hurkù y Yl÷`r gsè rlsuiktù, y v`jvkù g vkvkr, pgrg slr Yl÷`r  gsè nl j`s hulrt`s i`h` nl j`s qul vkvlo‘. Jg bl sl gp`nlrg nl iugjquklrg nl jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s khpjkig qul o`s s`hltgh`s gj sl÷`rè` nl Irkst`. Iugon` o`s Yl÷`r nl oulstrgs vkngs, Ëj lstç prlst`6 s`hltlh`s g Lj i`h` Yl÷`r nl Ugrg sgogh`s, Ugrg mgutkzgro`s i`o lj Lspèrktu Ygot`, Ugrg ngro`s nl su pr`pkg vkng lo gmuongoikg,

Ugrg slr lo o`s`tr`s uog bulotl qul sgjtg pgrg vkng ltlrog,

 

Ugrg agilr uog lxplrkloikg nl oulstrg p`skikùo jldgj lo Irkst`, Ugrg hgokblstgr Yu Ulrs`og lo igng uog nl jgs mlonkik`ols pr`hltkngs, Ugrg slr Ëj hksh` oulstrg b`rtgjlzg, oulstrg p`rikùo, y oulstr` t`n`, Ugrg ngro`s lj us` kjkhktgn` nl Yu O`hmrl, Ugrg ngro`s lj p`nlr nl liagr bulrg nlh`ok`s lo Yu O`hmrl, Ugrg uodkro`s pgrg jg prlnkigikùo, Ugrg ngh`s lj p`nlr nl p`olr jgs hgo`s s`mrl j`s loblrh`s, pgrg qul slgo sgogn`s. Oulstr` ëxkt` y lblitkvkngn lo lj huon` slrç hlnkn` nl giulrn` i`o i`oblskùo y i`o ikriuostgoikg. jg tlogikngn i`o qul ‚rltlodgh`s‘ nkiagoulstrg i`oblskùo mgf` iugjquklr Nk`s lo ustln o` pulnl slr hçs drgonl nl j` qul ustln hksh` j` i`obklsl. Iugon` lstë pgsgon` p`r olilskngnls, i`obklsl qul lj Yl÷`r ls su Ugst`r y qul ogng jl bgjtgrç. (Jg hgy`r pgrtl nl j`s plosghklot`s lo lstl slrhùo ago skn` lxtrgèn`s i`o plrhks` nl j`s lsirkt`s nlj ]lv. L.T. Cloy`o, gut`r nl ‚Lj Ugnrl y Yu Bghkjkg‘ (^al Bgtalr gon Aks Bghkjy)3 ‚Lj Hgrgvkjj`s` O`hmrl nl Flsös‘ (^al T`onlrbuj Oghl `b Flsus)3 ‚N`s Ijgsls nl Rkng‘ (^w` Ckons `b Jkbl)3 ‚Flsös lj Ygogn`r‘ (Flsus tal Ckons Algjlr)3 Yu‚N`s Urlsloikg‘ Aks Urlsloil)3 ‚N`s Ijgsls nl Gh`r‘ (^w` `b ‚Lo J`vl)3 Ijgsls (Ko nl Fustkikg‘ (^w` Ckons `b ]kdatl`usolss)3 y ‚U`lhgs nl Rkng nl Cloy`o‘ (Cloy`o‛s Jkvkod U`lhs). Jg nkrliikùo p`stgj nlj sl÷`r Cloy`o ls jg skduklotl6 U.@. M`x 7> slg uog rlgjkngn lo ustln. Lst` ls lxgitghlotl j` qul lj Rkvkbkign`r Nkvko` quklrl agilr p`r o`s`tr`s. @rlh`s t`n`s j`s nègs6 ‚Rkvkbèighl (nghl hçs vkng) YLDÖO ^\ UGJGM]G‘3 Lst` quklrl nlikr nl giulrn` g jg rlvljgikùo qul loi`otrgh`s lo jg Mkmjkg, jg iugj o`s hulstrg g o`s`tr`s hksh`s i`h` Nk`s quklrl qul slgh`s. Igng vlz qul ustln nlsiumrg gjd` oulv` lo jg Ugjgmrg, rld`ièflsl y goèhlsl p`rqul ls jg `mrg nlj Lspèrktu, o` jg suyg, qul jl ag vkvkbkign` g tgj drgn`. Agdg nl ëstg su prkhlrg `rgikùo igng nèg, p`rqul ls jg i`onkikùo lstkpujgng pgrg hkjls nl mlonkik`ols hçs. Lstg ls jg b`rhg lo qul Nk`s ‚iuhpjl t`n` pr`pùskt` nl m`ongn lo o`s`tr`s‘. Lj Lspèrktu Ygot` quklrl vkvkbkigh`s agstg tgj puot` qul t`n` j` qul Lj ag rlvljgn` gilrig nl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s, sl iuhpjg lo o`s`tr`s. Lo lj vlrs` 67=, Nk`s agmjg nl j`s irkstkgo`s i`h` gquljj`s ‚qul tghmkëo skdulo jgs pksgngs nl jg bl qul tuv` oulstr` pgnrl Gmrgagh‘3 j` qul quklrl nlikr qul nlmlh`s prlstgrjls nlmkng hgolrg gtloikùo qul g t`ngs jgs pr`hlsgs Nk`s o`s ag alia` nl jgjg hkshg j` akz` Gmrgaghqul i`o jg pr`hlsg qul Nk`s jl akz`. °Ylrç p`skmjl qul Nk`s slg hlo`s rlgj pgrg j`s a`hmrls nl lstg nksplosgikùo nlj. Lspèrktu Ygot`, nl j` qul bul pgrg j`s qul vkvklr`o g jg s`hmrg nl lstgs ‚i`sgs hlf`rls‘0  Flsös jl nkf` g gjduo`s nl j`s funè`s nl su tklhp`6 ‚Hk Ugjgmrg o` agjjg igmkng lo v`s`tr`s‘ (Fugo 1694)3 °Wuë judgr nlml `iupgr jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s lo o`s`tr`s0 Hk rlspulstg ls qul nlml `mtlolr y rltlolr uo judgr lo j`s plosghklot`s, jg hlh`rkg, jg i`oikloikg y j`s gblit`s. Nlml `mtlolr y rltlolr lo o`s`tr`s uo judgr nl a`o`r, rlvlrloikg, bl, gh`r y `mlnkloikg y nlml `mtlolr y rltlolr lo

o`s`tr`s uo judgr nl i`obkgozg y nl gut`rkngn.

 

Hkjj`ols nl plrs`ogs igotgo lj dj`rk`s` akho` ‚Bkrhls lo jgs Ur`hlsgs nl Nk`s‘, iugon` jg rlgjkngn ls qul jg hgy`r pgrtl nl jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s ouoig s`o rlijghgngs p`r jg hgy`règ nl j`s hklhmr`s nl jg Kdjlskg. Gbkrhgrsl lo jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s quklrl nlikr agilrqul qul sl pr`hlsg iuhpjgo3rlvljg3 skdokbkig qul o`s gpr`pklh`s nlbl‘ jg  mlonkikùo igng y qul `rlh`s ‚jg `rgikùo nl pgrg su iuhpjkhklot`. Nlsiukngr jgs pr`hlsgs lqukvgjl g nlsagilr j` qul su iuhpjkhklot` skdokbkigrèg sk sl aumklrgo rlgjkzgn`3 gnlhçs su vgj`r nlmlrèg nltlrhkogr oulstr` gh`r y lstkhgikùo agikg ljjgs. Ugmj` sl d`zù gj nlikr6 ‚[` slhmrë‘3 plr` sk t`n`s j`s gdrkiujt`rls trgtgrgo jg slhkjjg, i`h` hkjj`ols nl hklhmr`s nl jgs Kdjlskgs nl a`y lo nèg trgtgo ‚jg slhkjjg koi`rruptkmjl‘ nl Nk`s, lj huon` sl h`rkrèg nl aghmrl.

U`skmkjkngnls lo jg U`r Ylhkjjg Lo jg slhkjjg agy p`skmkjkngnls kobkoktgs. ls` nlmlrègh`s nlikr nl igng uo`, i`h` sl nkf` gj prkoikpk`6 ‚Ljj`s rlikmklr`o jg Ugjgmrg i`o d`z`‘. Lo lj vlrsèiuj` hçs sloikjj` nl jg Mkmjkg agy uo huon` nl  mlonkikùo, gsè i`h` lo jg slhkjjg hçs plqul÷g agy uo p`tloikgj trls hkjj`ols nl vlils hgy`r, qul jg slhkjjg hkshg. \o sùj` vlrsèiuj` nl jg Lsirkturg qul sl jl plrhktg dlrhkogr lo uo i`rgzùo auhgo` pulnl irlilr y ngr uog i`sliag nl hkjls nl i`ovlrsk`ols, hçs jg ‚dj`rkg ltlrogj‘ qul jl skdul. G su tklhp`, uo drgo` nl trkd` pulnl iumrkr uo i`otkolotl y gjkhlotgr g huiags ogik`ols. Gsè tghmkëo s`o j`s rlsujtgn`s nl iujtkvgr jg ‚slhkjjg koi`rruptkmjl‘ tgot` hgy`rls y hçs nlslgmjls, qul jg i`sliag nl jg slhkjjg hgtlrkgj, i`h` j`s iklj`s s`o hçs gjt`s qul jg tklrrg. Y`jghlotl jg ‚slhkjjg koi`rruptkmjl‘ pulnl trglr rlsujtgn`s khplrlilnlr`s. Jg Mkmjkg nkil6 ‚Igng slhkjjg ng brut` sldöo su ogturgjlzg‘3 y igng pr`hlsg, p`r jg mlonkikùo pr`hltkng, rlvljg jg ogturgjlzg nl jg i`sliag nl jgs pr`hlsgs iuhpjkngs. Jg ]kldg Ugmj` nkil6 ‚[` slhmrë, GU@J@Y ]LD@‘. ^`ng slhkjjg y t`ngs jgs pjgotgs lo lj fgrnèo nl Nk`s olilsktgo slr rldgngs i`o gdug. Flsös

nkf` nl jg slhkjjg qul igyù lo plnrldgjls qul ‚i`h` o` tloèg rgèz, sl

 

sliù‘3 pgrg qul jg slhkjjg irlzig, jg tklrrg nlml hgotlolrsl h`fgng, ls p`r ls` qul huiags nl jgs pjgotgs nl Nk`s sl lstço sligon` lo vlz nl irlilr p`rqul o` s`o r`ikgngs i`ostgotlhlotl. Lj fgrnèo ls uo judgr pgrg irlilr. Ugmj` lsirkmkù g j`s i`rkotk`s nkiklon`6 ‚vulstrg bl irlzig irlzig    lo drgo hgolrg‘, ‚vulstr` gh`rp`r guhlotl‘ guhlotl ‘ ^`n`s ‚irliklrgo lo ‚irliklrgo lxa`rtgn`s pgrg qul  lo drgikg‘3 j` tgot`, Nk`s jlbulr`o nkil g igng uo` nl sus fgrnkols6 ‚sln jjlo`s nlj Lspèrktu‘, hgotloklon` jg tklrrg h`fgng. Lj gdug ls lj Lspèrktu ‚qul Nk`s jl ag ngn` g j`s qul jl `mlnlilo‘3 Jg pjloktun nlj Lspèrktu ls jg i`onkikùo pgrg Yu `mrg plrblitg.

I`h` Ngvkn ]ldgmg jg Ylhkjjg Igng uo` nl j`s 742 vlrs`s lo lj Ygjh` 77; hulstrgo jg gitktun nl Ngvkn agikg jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s. I`o d`z` ëj rli`o`il su `mjkdgikùo nl hgotlolr j`s prlilpt`s nl Nk`s i`o nkjkdloikg. Lj pr`hltkù nkiklon`6 ‚Dugrngrë tus lstgtut`s‘3 Ngvkn jl nkf` g Nk`s6 ‚Lo hk i`rgzùo al dugrngn` tus nkia`s… Hl al d`zgn` lo lj ighko` nl tus tlstkh`ok`s, hçs qul nl t`ng rkqulzg… Hlnktgrë lo tus hgonghklot`s… Urèoikpls tghmkëo sl slotgr`o y agmjgr`o i`otrg hè3 hgs tu sklrv` hlnktgmg lo tus lstgtut`s… Uuls tus tlstkh`ok`s s`o hk nljkikg… O` hl `jvkngrë nl tu pgjgmrg… Dugrngrë tus tlstkh`ok`s… Lsi`dè lj ighko` nl jg vlrngn… U`r lj ighko` nl tus hgonghklot`s i`rrlrë... Dugrngrë tu jly, y jg iuhpjkrë nl t`n` i`rgzùo… Hl nljlkt` lo tus hgonghklot`s… Dugrngrë tu jly sklhprl, pgrg sklhprl y ltlroghlotl… Agmjgrë nl tus tlstkh`ok`s… s`mlrmk`s sl murjgr`o huia` nl hè, hgs o` hl al gpgrtgn` nl tu jly… Içotki`s bulr`o pgrg hè tus lstgtut`s... Hk p`rikùo ls Fla`vç… Hl gprlsurë y o` hl tgrnë lo dugrngr tus hgonghklot`s… I`otrg hè b`rfgr`o hlotkrg j`s s`mlrmk`s, hgs y` dugrngrë nl t`n` i`rgzùo tus hgonghklot`s… Hlf`r hl ls jg jly nl tu m`ig qul hkjjgrls nl `r` y pjgtg... ^u jly ls hk nljkikg… Ugrg sklhprl, @a Fla`vç, plrhgolil tu pgjgmrg lo j`s iklj`s... Nl dlolrgikùo lo dlolrgikùo ls tu bknljkngn… Yk tu jly o` aumklsl skn` hk nljkikg, yg lo hk gbjkiikùo aumklrg plrlikn`… Ouoiggh`fghçs hl^`n` `jvkngrë hgonghklot`s… ¡@a iuçot` y` tu jly! lj nèg lsnlljjg tus hk

hlnktgikùo ... Nl t`n` hgj ighko` i`otuvl hks pkls, pgrg dugrngr tu

 

pgjgmrg… ¡Iuço nujils s`o g hk pgjgngr tus pgjgmrgs! Hçs qul jg hklj g hk m`ig… Jçhpgrg ls g hks pkls tu pgjgmrg, y juhmrlrg g hk ighko`… Furë y rgtkbkquë qul dugrngrë tus fust`s fukik`s… U`r alrlngn al t`hgn` tus tlstkh`ok`s pgrg sklhprl, p`rqul s`o lj d`z` nl hk i`rgzùo... i`rgzùo koijkoë g iuhpjkr lstgtut`shgs nl i`otkou`, agstg lj Hk bko… Gm`rrlzi` g j`s a`hmrlstus akpùirktgs3 gh` tu jly… U`r ls` al ghgn` tus hgonghklot`s hçs qul lj `r`, y hçs qul `r` huy pur`… U`r ls` lstkhë rlit`s t`n`s tus hgonghklot`s s`mrl t`ngs jgs i`sgs, y gm`rrliè t`n` ighko` nl hlotkrg… Hgrgvkjj`s`s s`o tus tlstkh`ok`s3 p`r tgot`, j`s ag dugrngn`` hk gjhg… Huia`s s`o hks plrsldukn`rls y hks lolhkd`s, dugrngn hgs nl tus tlstkh`ok`s o` hl al gpgrtgn`... Hk i`rgzùo tuv` tlh`r nl tus pgjgmrgs… Hl rld`ikf` lo tu pgjgmrg i`h` lj qul agjjg huia`s nlsp`f`s‘. ^`ngs lstgs nlijgrgik`ols, y huiags hçs, sl loiulotrgo lo lj Ygjh` 77;3 ljjgs o`s hulstrgo i`h` Ngvkn rldgmg jg Ugjgmrg. Ugmj` nlièg6 ‚lj qul pjgotg y lj qul rkldg s`o uog hkshg rldgr jg slhmrgrjg3 Nk`s i`sg‘, rldgr  jg slhkjjg ls tgo olilsgrk` i`h` slhmrgrjg3  Nk`s o` pulnl agilr qul jg slhkjjg irlzig sk o` jg rldgh`s. Juld`, nkil Ugmj`6 ‚ls Nk`s, qul ng lj irlikhklot`‘. Lj ng sus pr`hlsgs i`o lstl öoki` pr`pùskt`. Lj sklhprl agil irlilr jg slhkjjg iugon` sl hgotklol lo mulog tklrrg y ag skn` rldgng, rldgng,   lj irlikhklot` vklol nlspuës nl agmlr skn` rldgng.  Flsös tghmkëo nkf`6 ‚y pr`nuil brut`‘, sklhprl sklhprl   pr`nuil brut`. Jg kotloskngn nl t`n` nlsl` sgot` ls hlnkn` p`r lj drgn` nl gh`r Nk`s ls nkvko` qul jg plrs`og p`sll. U`r j` tgot`, lj nlsl` nl Nk`s  ls huia` hgy`r qul lj nl o`s`tr`s p`rqul su gh`r ls hçs drgonl. Yu  mlolv`jloikg ls tgo drgonl qul sus `f`s ‚i`otlhpjgo tt`ng `ng jg tklrrg‘ i`otkoughlotl musigon` `p`rtuokngn pgrg mlonlikr g gquljj`s qul j` agilo p`skmjl p`r jg gitktun nl sus i`rgz`ols. J` qul Nk`s ag plrtlolil.  Jg fustkikg nl Nk`s nlhgong qul Lj agdg pr`hltkn` o`s plrtlolil.  irlilr jg slhkjjg iugon` ag skn` ‚slhmrgng‘ y ‚rldgng‘. Fugo nkil6 ‚Lj ls bklj y fust`‘3 jg pgjgmrg ‚fust`‘ khpjkig qul Nk`s slrèg kofust` sk nlrlia`   g o` iuhpjklrg jgs pr`hlsgs qul o`s ag alia`. ^lolh`s nlrlia` `mtlolr j` qul Lj o`s ag pr`hltkn`. Ls iklot` p`r iklot` iklrt` qul

Nk`s agil qul t`ng slhkjjg irlzig iugon` ls ‚slhmrgng‘ y ‚rldgng‘.

 

Ls gjd` qul p`nlh`s pr`mgr, y lo j` iugj o`s nljlktgh`s ga`rg y ltlroghlotl. s`mrlogturgj   y ls [g qul jg `mrg nl jg ‚slhkjjg koi`rruptkmjl‘ ls s`mrlogturgj ‚s`jghlotl Nk`s lj qul ng lj irlikhklot`‘, brliulotlhlotl pr`nuil sus hgrgvkjj`s`s rlsujtgn`s lj hksh` nèg qul ls ‚slhmrgng‘. Jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s s`o pgrg ‚A@[‘, su ^KLHU@ ls sklhprl A@[. ‚Yk `ylrlks A@[ su v`z, o` lonurlziçks vulstr`s i`rgz`ols‘ (Almrl`s >64). Yk ustln sl tgrng lo gilptgr jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s, pulnl qul o` lstë vkv` hg÷gog. Jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s o`s plrtlolilo A@[, y o` lstgh`s sldur`s nl ljjgs lo iugjquklr `tr` tklhp`. Nl jg öokig hgolrg qul p`nlh`s gsldurgh`s nl jgs mlonkik`ols pr`hltkngs nl Nk`s ls gilptgon` Y\ ^KLHU@. Jllh`s lo KK I`rkotk`s 26=6 ‚Al gquè  GA@]G lj tklhp` gilptgmjl‘3 yg qul GA@]G ls lj tklhp` qul Nk`s oulstr` tklhp`. tklol nksp`okmjl, tlolh`s qul gilptgrj` i`h` oulstr`  tklhp`. Lj o`s `rnlog qul lsiuialh`s su v`z ‚A@[‘ y nkil6 ‚o` lonurlziçks vulstr`s i`rgz`ols‘, lsplrgon`. Lo Hgri`s 776=> Flsös nkil6 ‚Irlln, y `s vlonrç‘ (skdokbkig ‚^@HG]‘). °Iuçon`0 ‚GA@]G‘ - ‚iugon` `rls‘. Gotls qul sl hgokbklstl jg rlspulstg, jg bl nkil6 ‚Ugnrl, drgikgs tl n`y p`r agmlrhl `èn`‘. Iugon` ustln o` pulng RL] ` YLO^K] nkdg6 ‚lstl ls lj tklhp` nl i`obkgr‘. J`s rlsujtgn`s o` sl hgokblstgrço agstg nlspuës qul irlgh`s qul oulstrg `rgikùo ag skn` lsiuiagng y i`otkoulh`s irlylon`. Nèdgjl g Nk`s6 ‚lstçs `mrgon` ga`rg lo rlspulstg g hk bl „iulot` i`o tu bknljkngn‘. Lj gsuot` pgsg nl oulstrgs hgo`s nl Nk`spgrg gj kostgotl qulhkj`nlpùskt`‘ s`hltlh`s  dugrngr nlpùskt`‘  g Nk`s. Ugmj` nkil6g jgs ‚Ljhgo`s ls p`nlr`s`   (KK ^kh`tl` 767=). Ulr` Nk`s o` pr`hltl dugrngr ogng qul o` sl jl agyg i`obkgn`. Lstg ls jg hgolrg nl rlikmkr t`n` j` qul Nk`s o`s ag pr`hltkn`. Yk j`s rldgj`s nl Nk`s pgrg lj gjhg y lj iulrp` bulrgo skhpjlhlotl n`ols U]@HL^KN@Y, tlonrègh`s qul lsplrgr p`r lj qul agil jgs pr`hlsgs pgrg qul jgs iuhpjg, y jg rlsp`osgmkjkngn slrèg nl Lj. Ulr` t`ngs jgs mlonkik`ols nl Nk`s s`o n`ols @B]LIKN@Y gsè i`h` pr`hltkn`s y p`r j` tgot`, tklolo qul slr GILU^GN@Y3 j` iugj agil O\LY^]G jg rlsp`osgmkjkngn nl rlikmkrjgs. Lst` jkmrg g Nk`s nl t`ng rlsp`osgmkjkngn p`r iugjquklr

bgjj`.

 

Lj ]lsujtgn` nl ]ldgr jg Ylhkjjg °Iuçj bul lj rlsujtgn` nl jg gitktun nl Ngvkn agikg jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s, agikg lj rldgr jg slhkjjg0 Lstl f`vlo pgst`r, rldgon` jg Ugjgmrg nlotr` nl sè, sl akz` ‚hçs sgmk` qul t`n`s sus hglstr`s‘. Yu gitktun agikg jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s jl akz` ‚uo a`hmrl i`ob`rhl gj i`rgzùo nl Nk`s‘, jl akz` lj Ygjhkstg hçs rli`o`ikn` lo lj huon`. Yus sgjh`s ago skn` uog mlonkikùo pgrg hkjj`ols, p`r iklot`s nl g÷`s. ]ldgon` jg slhkjjg sl i`ovkrtkù lo uo lsirkt`r nkvkoghlotl kospkrgn`. I`h` slhkjjgs,  gsè  t`ng slhkjjg qul sl sklhmrg pr`nuil g ighmk` `trgs slhkjjgs,  tghmkëo jgs pgjgmrgs nl Ngvkn lo j`s Ygjh`s sl i`ovkrtklr`o lo jg ‚slhkjjg khplrlilnlrg‘ nl Nk`s, jg iugj ag dlrhkogn` p`r skdj`s lo j`s i`rgz`ols auhgo`s gjrlnln`r nlj huon` y sus pgjgmrgs ago skn` j`s tlxt`s usgn`s lo hkjls nl slrh`ols. Ngvkn gprlonkù qul hlnktgr ls hgstkigr oulstrg i`hkng lspkrktugj pgrg `mtlolr jg vkrtun nujil y outrktkvg nl jg Ugjgmrg lo oulstr`s i`rgz`ols y lo oulstrgs vkngs. Jg hlnktgikùo tklol uo p`nlr nkdlstkv` qul ighmkg jg vlrngn lo gjkhlot` lspkrktugj. Ugmj` nlijgrg qul ls jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s jg qul ‚`mrg lblitkvghlotl lo o`s`tr`s‘ trgosb`rhçon`o`s nkvkoghlotl nl ‚dj`rkg lo dj`rkg‘3 Ngvkn nlièg6 ‚Lotklon` hçs qul j`s goikgo`s, p`rqul dugrn` ^us prlilpt`s‘. U`rqul dugrngmg dugrngmg lo su i`rgzùo y `mslrvgmg lo su vkng j`s prlilpt`s nl Nk`s, Ngvkn i`hprlonkù g uog tlhprgog lngn hçs nl j` qul gprlonklr`o lo t`ng uog vkng nl lxplrkloikg, gquljj`s qul vkvklr`o gotls qul ëj. Gqulj qul i`hlozù su vkng sklon` uo f`vlo pgst`r, hlnktgon` y prgitkigon` j`s prlilpt`s nkvko`s, `mtuv` tgj sgmknurèg y i`o`ikhklot` qul sl agmjg nl ëj lo KK Yghulj 7>674 i`h` ‚uo çodlj nl Nk`s‘, fuzdgon` j` mulo` y j` hgj`. Lo lj hksh` igpètuj`, jg sgmknurèg nl Ngvkn ls i`hpgrgng i`o ‚jg sgmknurèg nl uo çodlj‘. Lj nkf`6 ‚^u pgjgmrg hl ag vkvkbkign`‘3 su slr i`hpjlt` bul vkvkbkign` nl tgj hgolrg qul jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s sl iuhpjkù lo ëj3 su vkng lstgmg jjlog nl gjgmgozg y giikùo nl drgikgs. Ls huia` hlf`r slr lj fgrnèo nl Nk`s qul lj fgrnèo nlj nkgmj`3 yg qul jgs p`skmkjkngnls nl jg ‚slhkjjg s`oY`jghlotl kobkoktgs, Nk`s ogngsgml pulnl hçsjg mloëbki` qul slr ljkoi`rruptkmjl‘ fgrnèo nl Nk`s. iuçjslrslrç i`sliag

 

ltlrogj. ]liulrnl qul lo t`ng su vkng i`h` irkstkgo`6 ‚\Y^LN LY LJ IGHU@ NL NK@Y W\L YL]G YLHM]GN@‘.

 

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Yk g trgvës nl jgs Lsirkturgs lstç ijgrghlotl rlvljgn` qul jg v`juotgn nlj Ugnrl iljlstkgj ls sgogr6 Yklon` lst` gsè, °p`r quë lo oulstr`s nègs huia`s musigo sgokngn, sko loi`otrgrjg0 Huiags plrs`ogs a`olstgs sl agilo lstg hkshg prlduotg. Agy nkblrlotls rlspulstgs pgrg lstg prlduotg, jgs iugjls hloik`ogrlh`s mrlvlhlotl, yg qul p`r hlnk` nl lstgs rlspulstgs, huia`s qul o` agmègo p`nkn` rlikmkr sgokngn, ago j`drgn` lxghkogrsl g sè hksh`s, nlspuës nl j` iugj ago skn` dj`rk`sghlotl sgogn`s. . Bgjtg nl Kostruiikùo „ Kdo`rgoikg gilrig nlj p`nlr sgogn`r nlj Lvgodljk` Ugmj` o`s nkil qul ‚jg bl vklol p`r lj `èr, y lj `èr p`r jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s‘3 huia`s ago musign` sgokngn lo Irkst` gotls nl `èr ` i`o`ilr j` subkiklotl nl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s pgrg qul lo ljj`s sl

7

pulng pr`nuikr bl bkrhl.loJ`s jg kdjlskg prkhktkvg lstgmgouog nl giulrn` lj hklhmr`s gsuot` nl nl pr`ijghgr lj Lvgodljk` i`hpjlt`6 ‚O` rlausgr`o gouoikgr ` losl÷gr ogng qul bulsl ötkj‘ (Alia`s =56=5)3 ljj`s gouoikgr`o ‚t`n` lj i`oslf` nl Nk`s‘ (Alia`s =56=4). Alh`s vkst` qul jg b`rhg i`h` Nk`s pr`nuil  bl pgrg slr sgogn`s ls sgogn`s  ls jg hkshg bl qul Lj pr`nuil pgrg slr sgjv`s „` pgrg rlikmkr iugjquklr `trg mlonkikùo. Lj qul lstç olilsktgn` nlml gprlonlr prkhlrghlotl p`r hlnk` nl jg Lsirkturg, iuçj ls jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s lo lstl gsuot`. Jg hgo` nl jg bl o` pulnl lxtlonlrsl pgrg gjigozgr y t`hgr nl Nk`s, j` qul lj `f` nl jg bl

o` vl i`h` jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s. Flsös nkf`6 ‚[ i`o`ilrëks jg

 

vlrngn, y jg vlrngn `s agrç jkmrls‘3 ls jg vlrngn nl jg Ugjgmrg lsirktg j` qul o`s jkmërgjg vlrngn i`o`ikng, lotlonkng, rlikmkng, gitugng, hgotlokng y bkrhlhlotl irlèng, p`rqul tlolh`s jg bl gpr`pkgngg qul pulnl gp`nlrgrsl nl ljjg. gpr`pkgn Ugmj` o`s nkil, qul ls jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s jg iugj `mrg p`nlr`sghlotl lo gquljj`s qul irllo. Jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s ls jg ‚prlik`sg slhkjjg‘ y ouoig nlfg nl agilr su pr`pkg `mrg iugon` rlikmkng  y hgotlokng hgotlokng lo ls i`o`ikng, rlikmkng   lo ‚mulog tklrrg‘, lo jg iugj jg  mulog slhkjjg pulnl pulnl irlilr irlilr.. Huia`s o` rlikmlo sgokngn p`rqul trgtgo nl `mtlolr rlsujtgn`s nl jg slhkjjg (jg Ugjgmrg gilrig nl jg sgokngn). O` i`o`ilo j` qul ls lsg Ugjgmrg y o` jl ngo lj judgr qul jl plrtlolil. ^ghp`i` jg hgotklolo lo jg ‚mulog tklrrg‘ lo jg iugj pulnl trglr p`r sè hkshg. Jg slhkjjg pulnl `mrgr lo sk o`brut` lstç lo o`s`tr`s gj agmlrjg i`o`ikn`o`y rlikmkn`. o`s`tr`s Gotls nl nlikr ‚[` s`y tu Nk`s qul tl sgog‘ y pr`hltlr qul  prkhlr`6 ‚Yk kmg g quktgr t`ngs oulstrgs loblrhlngnls, Nk`s nkf`  prkhlr`6  ‚Yk `ylrlks i`o nkjkdloikg . . . l akiklrlks t`n`‘3 lst` skdokbkig slr nkjkdlotl lo j` qul sl rlbklrl g i`o`ilr, lotlonlr y prgitkigr j` qul Nk`s nkil lo Yu Ugjgmrg gilrig nl jg sgokngn. ^lolh`s qul sgmlr j` qul Nk`s o`s `brlil gotls nl plnèrslj`. Lj i`o`ikhklot` nl jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s, nlml prlilnlr g jg bl, lo iugot` g j` qul nlslgh`s qul sl agdg.  agdg. oulstr`sv`juotgn nègs qul nl jg sgjun plrblitg nl  Hujtktunls sus iulrp`skdo`rgo ls jg lo i`hpjltg Nk`s, rlvljgng lo Yu Ugjgmrg lsirktg „jg Mkmjkg. Lstl i`o`ikhklot` ls jg öokig lvknloikg subkiklotl pgrg jg bl qul sl gpr`pkg. G hlo`s qul j`s qul musigo sgokngn pulngo nlikr iugon` s`o tlotgn`s6 ‚Lsirkt` lstç‘ y pulngo iktgrjl gj gnvlrsgrk` uog pr`hlsg qul prlslotl jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s, su bl o` pulnl hgotlolrsl bkrhl. Huia`s loblrh`s ago musign` sgokngn sko ëxkt` p`r huia`s g÷`s p`rqul ago usgn` uog lxprlskùo qul nlstruyl jg bl6  bl6  ‚Yk ls tu v`juotgn‘3 hçs tgrnl, jgs hkshgs

plrs`ogs ago rlikmkn` sgokngn g trgvës nl jg vlrngn nl Nk`s i`otlokng y lxpjkigng lo lstl jkmr`.

 

J`s hklhmr`s nl jg kdjlskg prkhktkvg o` s`jghlotl lstgmgo nl giulrn` losl÷gon` lstl tlhg, sko` qul tghmkëo jlvgotgr`o sus v`ils g Nk`s g uog lo `rgikùo pknklon` ‚sl÷gjls y pr`nkdk`s‘ nl sgokngn. @rgr`o jg ‚`rgikùo nl bl‘ gotls qul j`s loblrh`s bulrgo trgèn`s bul jg bli`hpjltg nl uo sùj` lvgodljkstg, lvgodljkstg,  nl   sko`g jgs quligjjls bul nl jg Flrusgjëo3 bl nl uogo`i`hpg÷èg irlylotls,   jg iugj trgf` sgokngn g ‚t`n`s‘ irlylotls, ‚t`n`s‘   lo jgs igjjls nl  Flrusgjëo, nlspuës nlspuës nl jg gsiloskùo n nll Irkst` (Alia`s -72). Jg hgy`règ nl j`s hkokstr`s y hklhmr`s nl jgs Kdjlskgs nl a`y lo nèg, nlmkn` g su kdo`rgoikg y g sus trgnkik`ols gilrig nlj hkokstlrk` nl sgokngn, sl `p`olo g lstl hkokstlrk` tgj i`h` bul losl÷gn`, prlnkign` prlnkign` y prgitkign` lo jg kdjlskg prkhktkvg. Lo vlz nl `rgr uokn`s pgrg rlikmkr sgokngn i`h` j` akz` jg kdjlskg prkhktkvg3 nl jg gilrig kdjlskgnlprlslotl, o` ago gilptgn` jg gitktunj`snlhklhmr`s oulstr` Yl÷`r jg loblrhlngn, i`h` sl ag rlvljgn` lo j`s Lvgodljk`s. Lo oulstr`s nègs, jg `p`skikùo t`hg lj judgr nl jg `rgikùo uokng3 jg koirlnujkngn ag t`hgn` lj judgr nl jg bl uokng3 huia`s lstço tkmk`s lo vlz nl lstgr jjlo`s nlj Lspèrktu, i`h` j` lstgmgo j`s hklhmr`s nl jg kdjlskg prkhktkvg. [`, lot`oils, jls prlduot`6 [g qul s`h`s hklhmr`s j`s uo`s nl j`s `tr`s, °g qukëo iujpgrlh`s p`r lj alia` nl qul huia`s o` rlikmgo sgokngn a`y lo nèg, sko` g jg koirlnujkngn nl jg Kdjlskg hkshg0 [` irl` qul ustln lstç nl giulrn` i`ohkd`. Rgh`s g sup`olr qul jg irlloikg dlolrgj bulrg, qul lj nèg nl jg rldlolrgikùo ag pgsgn`, i`h` `èh`s rldujgrhlotl nlikr6 ‚jg ëp`ig nl j`s hkjgdr`s ag pgsgn`‘3 lst` gblitgrèg jg `mrg nlj hkokstlrk` lo iugot` g lstg pgrtl nlj Lvgodljk`. J`s `mrlr`s irkstkgo`s o` tlonrègo ëxkt` sgjvgon` gjhgs, g o` slr qul j`drgrgo qul jg dlotl sl gpgrtgrg nl jgs trgnkik`ols bgjsgs y pusklrgo jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s lo su judgr. Yup`odgh`s qul, lo vlz nl agmlr skn` gsè, sl o`s aumklrg losl÷gn` nlsnl jg kobgoikg

quë ` quë`trg nkillosl÷gozg, nl sgokngnlololstl jgsigs`, Lsirkturgs iuhpjl iugjquklr lst`y sl sldur` quli`h` huy

 

p`i`s tlonrègo nkbkiujtgn lo ngrjl sgjkng g su bl pgrg p`nlr slr sgogn`s. Jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s ls jg qul pr`nuil jg bl pgrg rlikmkr sgokngn. Alh`s tlokn` lj d`z` nl vlr g iklot`s qul bulr`o sgogn`s, hklotrgs lsiuiagmgo jg vlrngn s`mrl lstl tlhg. @tr`s ago skn` sgogn`s gj jllr oulstr`s lsirkt`s, j`s iugjls jls i`otlstgr`o sus prlduotgs y quktgr`o j`s `mstçiuj`s qul lst`rmgmgo su bl. =. Jg Ylduong ]gzùo p`r jg iugj huia`s o` rlikmlo sgokngn, ls uog i`osliuloikg nl j` qul yg alh`s lxpulst`. Irkst` quks` i`otkougr su hkokstlrk` nl sgokngn nurgotl su gusloikg g trgvës nl t`ng jg kdjlskg, jg iugj ls su iulrp`, y o` g trgvës nl uo hklhmr` nlsi`o`ikn` nlj iulrp`. Lj nkf`6 ‚Lstgs jls sldukrço‘, kdjlskg3 y o` ‚jl‘ sldukrço, sl÷gjls jls  sldukrço‘, rlbkrkëon`sl g jg kdjlskg3 y i`h` sk sl trgtgrg nl uog s`jg plrs`og. O` bul jg bl nl uo sùj` lvgodljkstg jg qul jl trgf` sgokngn g t`n`s j`s loblrh`s nl jgs igjjls nl Flrusgjëo, sko` jg nl uog kdjlskg jjlog nlj Lspèrktu. Lst` `iurrkù nlspuës nl jg pgrtkng nl Irkst` y nl jg jjldgng nl su suils`r, lj Lspèrktu Ygot`. Gjduo`s o` sl sklotlo g dust` lo j`s slrvkik`s pömjki`s nl sgokngn. Ulr` jg hgolrg i`h` Nk`s sgogmg, lrg g jgs hujtktunls lo jgs igjjls3 Ëj qulrèg ngrjl g i`o`ilr Yu i`hpgskùo gj huon` i`h` jg mgsl pgrg tlolr bl. Nk`s i`hlozù sus `mrgs lo lstg nksplosgikùo i`h` qulrèg qul bulrgo i`otkougngs, g trgvës jjloçon`sl i`otkoughlotl i`otkoughlotl  nl t`ng jg kdjlskg i`oËjigng hklhmr`   nlj Lspèrktu Ygot`. Lj hgy`r oöhlr` nl i`ovlrsk`ols, p`r lflhpj`, sl ag tlokn` p`r lj nlrrghghklot` nlj Lspèrktu Ygot`, y g trgvës nl jg kdjlskg uokng. [ ëstg bul jg b`rhg i`h` t`n`s bulr`o sgogn`s lo jgs igjjls nl Flrusgjëo. Jg hgy`règ nl jgs vlils qul Nk`s sl ag i`huokign` i`o lj a`hmrl, sgjvçon`j` y sgoçon`j`, ago skn` p`r hlnk` nlj

nlrrghghklot` nl su Lspèrktu y g trgvës nl uogslkdjlskg jjlog su Lspèrktu, y uokng lo `rgikùo. Yu hët`n` rlvljg lo nl jg

 

pr`hlsg6 ‚Nlrrghgrë hk Lspèrktu‘, y lo jg nlijgrgikùo6 ‚^`n`s bulr`o jjlo`s nlj Lspèrktu‘. \og kdjlskg qul `rg y lstç jjlog nlj Lspèrktu irlg uog gthùsblrg lo jg iugj ls bçikj pgrg Nk`s `mrgr y ls nkbèikj pgrg lj nkgmj` kotlrvlokr, p`rqul lstg gthùsblrg ls lj Lspèrktu hksh`, quklo hksh`, quklo ls hçs qul uo i`otrkoigotl pgrg lj nkgmj`. Lo jg z`og nlj gvkvghklot`, nurgotl jg ighpg÷g nl gvkvghklot`, nl Bkooly y nl `tr`s drgonls gvkvghklot`s, j`s plign`rls sl i`ovlrtègo tgo pr`ot` sl mgfgmgo nlj trlo n`onl sl lstgmg jjlvgon` g igm` lj gvkvghklot`. Lj Yr. Bkooly iulotg qul lstg uokngn lo `rgikùo bul tgj, qul igng plrs`og gnujtg qul lstgmg lo uog igjjl nl trls hkjjgs nl jgrd`, sl sgjvù, lxilpt` uog. J`s irkstkgo`s sl uoklr`o lo `rgikùo p`r lsg öokig plrs`og y bul sgjvg. Ls sk iklrt` qulgvkvghklot`s, jgs plrs`ogs pulnlo jjldgr i`h` g slr Nk`s sgjvgs`mrg, y sgogs guo o` agy plr` jg b`rhg p`r j` dlolrgj, ls g trgvës nl su pulmj` uokn` lo `rgikùo pknklon` uo nlrrghghklot` nl su Lspèrktu. Jllh`s6 ‚^`n`s ëst`s plrslvlrgmgo uoçokhls lo `rgikùo y ruld`‘. ¡Wuë rgr` ls vlr gjd` gsè lo jg gitugjkngn! Ugrtl nl jg tl`j`dèg h`nlrog hgotklol g huiags plrs`ogs goijgngs lo jgs mlonkik`ols pgsgngs, sko jg rlo`vgikùo nkgrkg, nl jg jjlourg rlikmkng iugon`, p`r prkhlrg vlz, bulr`o jjlo`s nlj Lspèrktu G Ygot`, hlo`slsqul jg Kdjlskgqul lstë y sl hgotlodg jjlog nlj Ygot`. Lspèrktu khp`skmjl jg jjlog gthùsblrg lspkrktugj lo jgs rluok`ols slg jg qul nlml slr sk j` qul qulrlh`s ls o` jkhktgr u `mstgiujkzgr g Nk`s. Lo lstg gthùsblrg, pr`nuikng p`r t`ng jg Kdjlskg, jjlog nlj Lspèrktu Ygot` y nl t`n`s `rgon` p`r jg `mrg nl Irkst`, lj p`nlr nl Nk`s lstgrç prlslotl pgrg sgogr i`h` j` akz` gj prkoikpk`. Jg kotloikùo nl Nk`s ls qul jg kdjlskg lstë jjlog y sl hgotlodg jjlog nlj Lspèrktu Ygot`, quklo sgoù y sgjvù g jgs hujtktunls lo jg ëp`ig nlj Oulv` ^lstghlot`.

rlsujtgn`s nlj iuhpjkhklot` nl jgsquklrl pr`hlsgs s`o jgsJ`s hkshgs lo iugjquklr tklhp`. Yk ustln sgmlrnkvkogs, iùh` `mrg lj Lspèrktu lo oulstr` tklhp`, sloikjjghlotl jlg j` qul Lj akz`

 

iugon` i`otr`jgmg g jg Kdjlskg t`tgjhlotl. Lj jkmr` nl j`s Alia`s ls lj pjgo` p`r hlnk` nlj iugj lj Lspèrktu Ygot` nlslg `mrgr nurgotl su nksplosgikùo. Nl jg hkshg hgolrg qul jg kdjlskg prkhktkvg lo Alia`s iugtr` rlikmkù jg jjlourg nlj Lspèrktu Ygot` y prlvgjlikù `rgikùoYgotkgd` pknklon`ikoi` ‚sl÷gjls y pr`nkdk`s‘ nl sgokngn3 gsè lo tghmkëo, lxa`rtg g t`n`s j`s irkstkgo`s g qul `rlo p`r jg sgjun nl j`s loblrh`s i`o lj hksh` blrv`r, qul j` akz` Ljègs iugon` `rù p`rqul igylrg jg jjuvkg. Iugon` j`s goikgo`s `rgr`o jg ‚`rgikùo nl bl‘ lo jg Kdjlskg prkhktkvg, o` agiègo hçs qul lxprlsgr jg `rgikùo nl t`ng jg Kdjlskg.  Fugo nkil6 ‚Lstg ls jg i`obkgozg qul tlolh`s lo Lj, qul sk plnkh`s gjd` nl giulrn` g su v`juotgn, Lj o`s `yl‘3 lst` bul i`hpr`mgn` t`ng jgG hujtktun nl irkstkgo`s lo lj iugrt` igpètuj` nl j`sp`r Alia`s. t`n` irkstkgo` lo jg gitugjkngn sl jl lxa`rtg g slr jjlo` nlj Lspèrktu Ygot`, yg prlvgjlilr lo `rgikùo p`r jg sgokngn nl j`s loblrh`s. ^`n` sgilrn`tl nlml lstgr lflriklon` su sgilrn`ik`, plr` lj alia` nl qul jg hgy`règ nlfg nl agilr lst` a`y lo nèg, i`otghkog lj ghmklotl nl jgs rluok`ols y agil qul pgrg lj loblrh` slg hçs nkbèikj tlolr bl y pgrg lj Lspèrktu Ygot`, `mrgr. Lj Ygot` nl Ksrglj ls jkhktgn` p`r lj brgigs` nl j`s irkstkgo`s, nl vkvkr y ighkogr lo lj Lspèrktu3 lst` sl nlml g qul lstgr jjlo` nlj Lspèrktu ls jg i`onkikùo pgrg Yu `mrg plrblitg3  plrblitg3  lstg ijgsl nl gthùsblrg ls jg qul nlml lxkstkr lotrl j`s irkstkgo`s. Ulr`, nlsgb`rtuognghlotl, j` qul rldujgrhlotl vlh`s lo oulstr`s nègs ls g uog p`mrl y gbjkdkng lsp`sg r`nlgng nl `p`skikùo nl pgrtl nl su pr`pkg bghkjkg y, brliulotlhlotl, nl su pr`pk` pgst`r y hklhmr`s nl jg Kdjlskg. U`r lstg rgzùo o` rlikml sgokngn, p`rqul lstç huy nëmkj hlotgj y bèskighlotl pgrg pljlgr jg mgtgjjg p`r sè s`jg. J`s hksh`s qul sl `p`olo g ljjg, s`o j`s qul nlmlrègo lstgr `rgon` i`o bl p`r su sgokngn. ^`n`s tlolh`s qul jjlvgr jgs igrdgs j`s uo`s nl j`s `tr`s, pgrg qul sl

iuhpjg jg jly nl Irkst`.

 

U`r j` dlolrgj, j`s hksh`s qul vk`jgo lstgs i`onkik`ols rluokngs lo jg Kdjlskg prkhktkvg, s`o j`s qul prlduotgo p`r quë gjduo`s o` rlikmlo sgokngn. Lst` sl nlml g qul lst`s hksh`s koirënuj`s, s`o j`s qul agilo khp`skmjl qul jg Kdjlskg lstë uokng lo `rgikùo y tlodg i`o bl lolj jg sgokngn nlNk`s. j`s loblrh`s. Jg Kdjlskg o` lstç lo grh`oèg pr`drgh pr`drghg g nl Lo uo lxtrg`rnkogrk` n`iuhlot` bkrhgn` p`r vlkotl `mksp`s nlj d`mklro` nl jg kdjlskg Lpksi`pgj nl Gustrgjkg, sl ng uo hgrgvkjj`s` kob`rhl nl j`s hkjgdr`s nl sgokngn qul sl ago ngn` lo jgs igtlnrgjls nl lsg kdjlskg, lo vgrkgs ikungnls nl Gustrgjkg.   Ljj`s kob`rhgo6 ‚Jg Gustrgjkg. kob`rhgo6 ‚Jg bl qul sl olilsktg o` ls skhpjlhlotl konkvknugj sko` uog bl i`rp`rgj, jg bl nlj a`dgr, nlj hkokstlrk` y nl t`ng jg Kdjlskg. Lj iulrp`, y o` uo sùj` hklhmr`, tklol qul i``plrgr i`o Irkst`, su igmlzg, sk t`n`s sus hklhmr`s J`s drup`s hçs gblitgn`s nlspuës nl jgloblrh`s hkskùo, ago nl skn`slrj`ssgogn`s. nl jgs  pgrr`qukgs n`onl jg `jg nl kotlrilskùo bul hçs drgonl y mgrrkù hçs jlf`s ... lj huon` nl a`y lstç lsplrgon` uog oulvg rlvljgikùo nl jg  prlsloikg y lj p`nlr nl Nk`s lo jg `mrg nl jg Kdjlskg y lo jg vkng nl sus hklhmr`s y yg ag vkst` y slotkn` uog vlz hçs lj pr`nkdk` nl jg sgokngn nkvkog‘. A`y lo nèg, nlmkn` g jg kdo`rgoikg, uo drgo oöhlr` nl hklhmr`s nl jgs kdjlskgs sl `p`olo g gquljj` p`r j` iugj jg Kdjlskg prkhktkvg prlvgjlièg lo `rgikùo. Ljj`s o` ago gilptgn` jg gitktun nl oulstr` Yl÷`r agikg jg loblrhlngn3 tghp`i` ago rluokn` jgs i`onkik`ols qul Nk`s nlslg pgrg jg sgokngn nl j`s loblrh`s, y s`o lst`s hksh`s j`s qul sl `p`olo g j`s qul sl÷gjgo j`s brgigs`s, nl j`s iugjls ljj`s hksh`s s`o lo drgo hgolrg j`s rlsp`osg rlsp`osgmjls. mjls. O` ls rgr` loi`otrgr a`y lo nèg g plrs`ogs qul, punklon` lstgr agiklon` jgs `mrgs nl Irkst`, lstço gnvkrtklon` g j`s loblrh`s qul sl gpgrtlo nl j`s judgrls n`onl jgs `mrgs nl Irkst` sl lstço agiklon`. °O` slrèg hlf`r sk, hçs mklo lo

ighmk`, gnvkrtklrgo g jg dlotl lo i`otrg nl j`s judgrls n`onl jg

 

i`obkrhgikùo, lj mgutksh`, jg hlhmrlsèg nl kdjlskg ` jgs rlb`rhgs, t`hgo lj judgr nlj oulv` ogikhklot`0 9. Jg ^lrilrg ]gzùo p`r jg iugj gjduo`s o` rlikmlo sgokngn ls p`r jg koirlnujkngn i`jlitkvg G plsgr nl qul Irkst` `mrù hkjgdr`s y sgoù g t`n`s j`s j `s loblrh`s lo `tr`s judgrls, iugon` vko` g su pulmj` nl `rkdlo, Ogzgrlt, ‚o` pun` agilr gjjè okodöo hkjgdr` . . . p`r jg koirlnujkngn nl ljj`s‘ (Hgri`s 26). Jgs trgnkik`ols qul sl jl ago koiujign` g jg dlotl nl a`y, lo judgr nl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s, lo lj tlhg nl jg sgokngn, ago t`rogn` gj huon` lotlr` lo uo Ogzgrlt nl koirlnujkngn. J` qul quklr` nlikr ls qul, a`y lo nèg, jg koirlnujkngn i`jlitkvg ls igsk dlolrgj. Gquljj`s qul prlnkigo lj lvgodljk` i`hpjlt` y `rgo p`r j`s loblrh`s sl vlo `mjkdgn`s g jgm`rgr lo uo Ogzgrlt jjlo` nl koirlnujkngn. `mtlolh`s p`nlh`s nlsagilrY`jghlotl nl jgs ‚trgnkik`ols nlrlsujtgn`s goikgo`s‘ iugon` gilrig nlo`s jg sgokngn losl÷çon`jl g jg dlotl j` qul jg Mkmjkg losl÷g i`o rljgikùo g lstl tlhg. Agiklon` lst`, hl gtrlv` g nlikr qul Flsös, o` o`s`tr`s, ag tlokn` hgy`r ëxkt` `mrgon` hkjgdr`s lo t`ngs jgs ikungnls n`onl oulstrgs ighpg÷gs nl gvkvghklot` sl ago jjlvgn` g igm`, qul lj qul tuv` lo su pr`pk` pulmj` Ogzgrlt. U`r bgv`r o` hl kotlrprltl hgj. O` lst`y nkiklon` qul alh`s tlokn` ëxkt`. Hl rlbklr` g j` qul Irkst` ag alia`, iugon` y n`onlquklrg qul jg dlotl ag skn` kjuhkogng p`r oulstr`

hkokstlrk` qul i`o`zigo lj prkvkjldk` qul tklolo lo lj gsuot` nl jgpgrg sgokngn.

 

Lj alia` qul lj Yl÷`r Flsuirkst` o` pun` agilr okodöo hkjgdr` lo Ogzgrlt, °o` ls uog prulmg hçs nl jg koirlnujkngn nl ljj`s0 [, nkia` slg nl pgs`, °sk ls i`h` gjduo`s nkilo qul lj loblrh` o` olilsktg tlolr bl pgrg bl pgrg slr sgo`, p`r quë Flsös, g plsgr nl lst`, o` sgoù g ‚p`r t`n`sjgj`s loblrh`s lo Ogzgrlt0 Jg Mkmjkg o`s ng jg rlspulstg6 koirlnujkngn nl ljj`s‘. °Yk p`olh`s lo nung jg nksp`skikùo nl Irkst` pgrg sgogr g t`n`s j`s loblrh`s, gtrkmuyëon`jl lj brgigs` nl gjduo`s qul o` rlikmklr`o sgokngn, p`r quë, gskhksh`, o` nungh`s nl su nksp`skikùo pgrg sgjvgr g j`s plign`rls y gsè p`nlr lxpjkigr lj alia` nl qul agy tgot`s plrnkn`s lo jgs kdjlskgs0 Lo iklrtg `igskùo, s`jghlotl uog huflr, lo hlnk` nl jg dlotl qul jg gprltgmg, t`iù g Flsös i`o jg bl olilsgrkg pgrg rlikmkr sgokngn. tgrnl, hujtktunls yi`hpjltgs akiklr`o j` hksh`. Lstl ls uoHçs gsuot` nl kjuhkogikùo bl. Nlspuës qul j`s oulvl nksièpuj`s o` punklr`o jkmlrgr gj lpkjëptki` qul hloik`ogo j`s lvgodljk`s, gjdöo tlùj`d` nl gqulj lot`oils, sk aumklrg agmkn` uo` i`h` j`s tlùj`d`s nl a`y, sl aumklrg gdgrrgn` nl lstl brgigs` pgrg nlikr6 ‚Rlo, ga`rg tlolh`s jg prulmg nl qul o` ls sklhprl jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s, lj sgogr‘. Ulr` lj pgnrl qulrèg qul su akf` bulrg sgogn`, lj ok÷` hksh` qulrèg slr sgogn`, y j`s nksièpuj`s (nkvkoghlotl i`hksk`ogn`s liagrbulrg bulrg sgogn`. nlh`ok`sYko y sgogr loblrh`s) qulrègo qul pgrg lj ok÷` lhmgrd`, mgf` ikriuostgoikgs skhkjgrls a`y lo nèg, gjduo`s nkrègo „nlmkn` gj brgigs` `iurrkn`„6 ‚O` ls jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s qul tgj plrs`og rlikmg sgokngn‘. Ljj`s usgrègo lj brgigs` pgrg kovlotgr lxpjkigik`ols tl`jùdkigs. Hgs Flsös mgfù nl jg h`otg÷g pgrg jkmlrgr g gqulj ok÷`, pr`mgon` gsè qul jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s lrg sgogrj` guo iugon` sus girlnktgn`s rlprlslotgotls o` aumklrgo p`nkn` agilrj`. °U`r quë hlf`r o` agilh`s tl`j`dèg nl lstg vkit`rkg0 Iugon` lj pgnrl nlj ok÷` jl nkf` g Flsös6 ‚Ulr` sk pulnls agilr

gjd` , Flsös rlausù gsuhkr jg rlsp`osgmkjkngn p`r lj brgigs`. Lj jl nkf`6 ‚sk pulnls irllr‘. Lot`oils lj pgnrl nlj huiagia` ijghù

 

y nkf`6 ‚Irl`, gyung hk koirlnujkngn‘. Lj rlikmkù jg gyung qul pknkù y tuv` ëxkt` n`onl j`s hksh`s gpùst`jls agmègo brgigsgn`3  Flsös jkmlrù gj huiagia`. huiagia`. I`osknlrgon` lj alia` qul lo lj hkokstlrk` nl sgokngn o`s vlh`s b`rzgn`s g jgm`rgr lo hlnk` nl igsk uog koirlnujkngn uokvlrsgj, y gquljj`s qul prlnkigo s`jghlotl jg pgrtl nl jg sgjvgikùo nlj gjhg lo j`s Lvgodljk`s, lstço jgm`rgon` lo hlnk` nl igsk jg gilptgikùo uokvlrsgj nl lsg n`itrkog, y` irl` qul Nk`s lstç ngon` prulmgs nl jg sgokngn nkvkog tgo ijgrgs y i`ovkoilotls i`h` nl jg prulmg nl jg rldlolrgikùo3 y lst` igsk sko okoduog losl÷gozg qul pr`nuflrg bl. Iugon` i`osknlr` jg bgjtg nl losl÷gozg gilrig nl jg sgokngn nkvkog, jg p`mrl i`onkikùo lspkrktugj nl jgs kdjlskgs y su gitktun dlolrgj agikg lstg quë pgrtlgjduo`s `jvkngngo`nls`o jg sgog n`itrkog, lo vlz nl nlj prlduotgrhl p`r sgogn`s, hl hgrgvkjj` ëxkt` qul Nk`s jls lstç ngon` g j`s qul `rgo p`r j`s loblrh`s. Al vkst` jg sgokngn nl s`rn`-hun`s iugon` igsk okoduog plrs`og lo jg gunkloikg lsplrgmg jg sgokngn. Hkjls nl j`s qul ga`rg tlstkbkigo qul ago skn` nkvkoghlotl sgogn`s, lstço lo tgo mulog sgjun bèskig, i`h` j` lstço lspkrktugjhlotl jg hgy`règ nl j`s qul pr`blsgo slr irkstkgo`s lo iugjquklr kdjlskg. °Gigs` o` p`nrègh`s i`hpgrgr bgv`rgmjlhlotl jg sgjun bèskig sgjun  bèskig nl  nl gquljj`s qul tlstkbkigo qul ago rlikmkn` sgokngn nkvkog i`o jg sgjun lspkrktugj, lspkrktugj, i`o  i`o gquljj`s qul sl `p`olo gj Lvgodljk` nl sgokngn0 °Gigs` lj pr`hlnk` nl j`s irkstkgo`s pr`blsgotls, ls uog hlf`r prulmg nl jg n`itrkog nl jg rldlolrgikùo qul j`s nl jg n`itrkog nl jg sgokngn nkvkog gj tlstkbkigr agmlr skn` nkvkoghlotl sgogn`s0 Nlmlrègo slr, p`rqul ljj`s ago `èn` lstg pgrtl nl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s t`ngs sus vkngs, hklotrgs qul jg drgo hgy`règ nl gquljj`s p`r quklols o`s`tr`s `rgh`s y rlikmlo sgokngn, ago `èn` jg losl÷gozg nl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s lo rljgikùo g jg sgokngn nkvkog s`jghlotl p`r gjduo`s nègs. Agy huia`s a`y lo nèg qul ago skn` nkvkoghlotl sgogn`s

nlspuës nl agmlr skn` s`rn`s y hun`s nl ogikhklot`, j`s iugjls `èr   hlf`r  bèskighlotl,  bèskighlotl,   qul j` qul suilnl i`o uo drgo pulnlo `èr

 

p`rilotgfl nl j`s hklhmr`s nl iugjquklrg kdjlskg pulnlo `èr lspkrktugjhlotl. Al vkst` g huia`s qul o` p`nègo ngr, skquklrg uo pgs`, agstg qul `rgh`s p`r ljj`s, j`s iugjls ighkogo  bèskighlotl   hlf`r qul j` qul uo irkstkgo` i`rrklotl pulnl  bèskighlotl ighkogr lspkrktugjhlotl. lspkrktugjhlotl.  lhmgrd`, hgy`règ j`s irkstkgo`s ago lsiuiagn`  jgYko Ugjgmrg nl Nk`sjgt`ng su vkng,nl jg iugj gjhg. U`r losl÷g jg sgokngn nlj gjhg.  U`r lj i`otrgrk`, lst`s `tr`s ago `èn` huy p`igs vlils jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s jg iugj losl÷g gilrig nl jg sgokngn nlj iulrp`. °Ls rlgjhlotl p`skmjl qul t`n`s j`s qul ago skn` mgutkzgn`s, agygo skn` jgvgn`s nl t`n`s sus plign`s0 O`, s`jghlotl j`s qul tklolo bl, j` qul lj gdug ls lo jg `rnlogozg nlj mgutksh` irkstkgo`, j` ls lj gilktl lo jg `rnlogozg nl uodkr gj loblrh` pgrg rlikmkr Rgh`s g sgokngn. sup`olr qul gjduo` hl nkflrg6 ‚tgj plrs`og bul uodkng plr` o` bul sgogng‘. [` i`otlstgrèg6 ‚tgj plrs`og bul  mgutkzgng, plr` o` bul sgjvg, o` bul sgogng nl jg loblrhlngn nlj plign`‘. Yk uo a`hmrl hl nkflrg6 ‚y` i`o`zi` g uo a`hmrl qul bul uodkn` p`r ustln plr` qul o` rlikmkù sgokngn lo su iulrp`‘3 y` jl nkrèg6 ‚y` i`o`zi` g uo a`hmrl qul ustln mgutkzù y lj iugj o` rlikmkù sgokngn lo su gjhg‘. Hkjls qul ago skn`  mgutkzgn`s, ouoig ago skn` rldlolrgn`s rldlolrgn`s.. Lst` ls kobkoktghlotl pl`r qul lj igs` nlj irkstkgo` qul o` rlikml jg sgokngn nl su iulrp`. Gjduo`s nkilo6 ‚sk tgj plrs`og sl sgogrg, y` irllrèg lo jg sgokngn nkvkog‘. °U`r quë o` slr, lot`oils, hçs i`oskstlotls, y nlikr6 ‚sk tgj plrs`og sl sgjvgrg, y` irllrèg lo jg sgjvgikùo‘0 Lst` slrèg j` hksh` qul nlikr6 ‚y` irl` lo jg lxplrkloikg nl tgj plrs`og, lo vlz nl irllrjl g Nk`s y g Yu Ugjgmrg, y lo t`ngs jgs lxplrkloikgs nl j`s `tr`s hkjls qul ago skn` sgjvgn`s y sgogn`s‘. Nlspuës qul Nk`s ag sgogn` g hkjls nl t`ngs sus gbjkiik`ols, p`r quë o` nlikrjl6 ‚o` v`y g irllr agstg qul o`

sgols g uo` hçs .

 

°]liagzgrèg ustln jg n`itrkog nl jg i`osgdrgikùo p`rqul gjduo`s hklhmr`s nl jg kdjlskg o` s`o i`osgdrgn`s, hklotrgs qul `tr`s hkjls sè j` s`o0 \og vlz `è nlikr g uo hkokstr`, i`o rljgikùo g jg `mrg nl uo lvgodljkstg6 ‚ëj `rù y uodkù g tgj plrs`og, hurkù sko slrplrs`og sgogn`‘.y Yko hksh` hkokstr` plr` mgutkzù g iklrtg j` lhmgrd`, trgf` g jglj kdjlskg, pr`ijghgon` nl lstl h`n` gj huon` qul su gjhg agmèg skn` sgogng nl jg loblrhlngn nlj plign`, plr` lstl a`hmrl hurkù sko agmlr ogikn` nl oulv` y su gjhg sl plrnkù3 lst` ls huia` pl`r qul lj irkstkgo` loblrh` qul o` rlikml sgokngn y hulrl gsè, pgrg juld` nlsplrtgr lo dj`rkg. Rgh`s g sup`olr qul lj tlstkh`ok` nl gjduo`s nl o`s`tr`s, iugon` nlikh`s qul alh`s skn` sgogn`s slg rliagzgn` p`rqul, nlspuës nl qul uo iukngn`s` lxghlo alia` hënki`Ugrg lxplrt`, sl prulmg oulstrg sgjun bèskig o`p`r ls uo plrblitg. slr i`oskstlotls, °p`r quë o` jl plnkh`s g uo lxplrt` lspkrktugj i`o nksilrokhklot` lspkrktugj, i`h` j` tloèg lj Gpùst`j Ugmj`, qul lxghkol lo jg kdjlskg h`nlrog g gquljj`s qul sl `p`olo gj lvgodljk` nl sgokngn, y rliagzgh`s lj tlstkh`ok` nl gquljj`s, qul lotrl ljj`s, o` nlo jg hlnkng nl lspkrktugjkngn qul nl giulrn` g jg Mkmjkg, uo gjhg sgjungmjl nlml tlolr0 Nlspuës nl prlsloikgr jg sgokngn hkjgdr`sg nl hkjls nl plrs`ogs, lst`y i`ovloikn` nl qul jgs prulmgs nl sgokngn s`o tgo ijgrgs y i`ovkoilotls i`h` jgs prulmgs nl rldlolrgikùo. Yko lhmgrd`, o` us` okoduog nl lstgs rlspulstgs g jg `rgikùo, i`h` grduhlot` g bgv`r nl okoduog n`itrkog. Lo j` qul g hè sl rlbklrl, sklhprl prlnkigrë lj Lvgodljk` i`hpjlt` p`r lj rlst` nl hks nègs, guoqul ouoig hçs vlg g `tr` a`hmrl sgjvgrsl ` sgogrsl. Lst`y nliknkn` g mgsgr hks n`itrkogs lo jg kohutgmjl Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s y o` lo okodöo bloùhlo` vkskmjl. Okodöo hkokstr` pulnl lsplrgr rlikmkr rlsujtgn`s agstg qul, p`r hlnk` nl jg prlnkigikùo nl jg Ugjgmrg nl Nk`s, sl pr`nuzig

bl qul jg Ugjgmrglonlslslotg Nk`s `brlil. Nurgotllot`n` g÷`, o`pgrg aum`j` i`ovlrsk`ols hkj kdjlskgs j`s uo Lstgn`s

 

\okn`s. Ulr` y` o` hl v`y g gpr`vliagr nl lstl alia` pgrg nlmgtkr jg n`itrkog nl jg rldlolrgikùo ` g iugjquklr `trg pgrtl nlj Lvgodljk`. Gjduo`s nkilo6 ‚o`s`tr`s irllh`s lo jg sgokngn, plr` lo j` qul o` irllh`s ls lo su pr`ijghgikùo‘. Al vkst` g gjduo`s qul o` sl rld`ikfgo i`o j`s qul ago tlokn` ëxkt` rlikmklon` sgokngn nl pgrtl nlj Yl÷`r, plr` lstço jkst`s g prld`ogr j`s brgigs`s, sko nlikr ogng gilrig nl jgs vkit`rkgs. Ls uo hkstlrk` pgrg hè, iùh` huia`s irkstkgo`s o` pulnlo rld`ikfgrsl iugon` uo p`mrl a`hmrl gbjkdkn` ls sgogn` p`r Irkst`. [` o` hl rld`ikf` s`jghlotl iugon` uo loblrh` rlikml sgokngn, sko` qul, ¡hl d`z` tghmkëo pr`ijghgon` jg hkslrki`rnkg nl Nk`s pgrg lj huon`! ‚Agdgo sgmlr sus `mrgs lotrl jgs dlotls‘, ls lj hgongt` nl Nk`s.qul Flsös jl g`rnloù gj dlotl lonlh`okgn` qul gilrig agmèg nl skn` jkmlrgn` bulrg su pr`pkg y jls i`otgrg jg drgo hkslrki`rnkg qul Nk`s agmèg tlokn` i`o ëj. Jgs Lsirkturgs o`s nkilo qul6 ‚ëj i`hlozù g pumjkigr lo Nliçp`jks jg hkslrki`rnkg nl Irkst`‘, y lo lj prùxkh` igpètuj` jllh`s gilrig nl hujtktunls, lo Nliçp`jks, qul bulr`o sgogn`s p`r Irkst`3 y lsgs hujtktunls dj`rkbkigr`o gj Nk`s nl Ksrglj. >. Lj hlosgfl nl sgokngn nlj Lvgodljk` ls `mstgiujkzgn` y g vlils goujgn` p`r jgs trgnkik`ols nl j`s a`hmrls  Flsös jls nkf` g p`r j`s vulstrgs hglstr`strgnkik`ols‘. funè`s, nl su kovgjkngn` jg jly A`ytklhp`6 lo nèg ‚Agmëks huia`s prlnkign`rls ago alia` gjd` pl`r, p`rqul ago kovgjkngn` uog pgrtl nlj Lvgodljk` p`r sus trgnkik`ols. G. \og nl lstgs trgnkik`ols ls qul Nk`s ls lj gut`r nl jg loblrhlngn   y qul Lj nlslg qul sl loblrhlo gjduo`s nl sus loblrhlngn gn`rgn`rls. Ls uo hkstlrk` pgrg hè, iùh` gjduklo pulnl hgotlolr lstl puot` nl vkstg i`otrgrk` g jgs Lsirkturgs y gj hkokstlrk` nl Irkst`, quklo p`r trls g÷`s sgoù g t`n`s j`s `prkhkn`s p`r lj nkgmj`, ` p`r j` hlo`s, g t`n`s j`s qul

vkoklr`o g Lj pgrg rlikmkr sgokngn.

 

Yk jg loblrhlngn bulrg jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s pgrg sus slrvkn`rls, lot`oils igng hënki` lstgrèg kobrkodklon` jg jly, igng loblrhlrg lstgrèg nlsgbkgon` gj ^`n`p`nlr`s`, y igng a`spktgj slrèg uo ilotr` nl rlmljkùo lo vlz nl slr uo judgr nl hkslrki`rnkg. Yk Nk`s quklrl qul lstlh`s loblrh`s, lot`oils ls uo plign` nlslgr sgogrsl p`rqul tlolh`s qul ghgr jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s „iugjquklrg qul lstg slg„. M. @trg trgnkikùo rlsp`osgmjl p`r jg hulrtl prlhgturg nl hkjls, nlspuës nl agmlr pgnlikn` g÷`s nl gd`oèg bèskig, ls jg losl÷gozg nl qul p`nlh`s qul  p`nlh`s dj`rkbkigr g Nk`s hlf`r sk plrhgolilh`s loblrh`s y tlolh`s pgikloikg lo vlz nl slr sgogn`s nkvkoghlotl.  nkvkoghlotl.   \o hkokstr` a`olst`, plr` sko kjuhkogikùo, brliulotlhlotl sl grr`nkjjgmg gj jgn` nl jg ighg nl uo loblrh` i`o grtrktks ` içoilr, ` iugjquklr `trg loblrhlngn pljkdr`sg, `rgmg6tu‚Yl÷`r, yg qul lo tu gh`r`sg pr`vknloikg tl ag pgrlikn`y p`olr hgo` nl gbjkiikùo s`mrl lstg qulrkng alrhgog, ngjl jg b`rtgjlzg y jg pgikloikg pgrg jjlvgr lstg gbjkiikùo‘3 agil lst` lo vlz nl `mlnlilr lj hgongt` nl uodkr g ‚iugjquklr loblrh`‘ lo jg kdjlskg y `rgr jg ‚`rgikùo nl bl‘ pgrg sgokngn (Ygotkgd` ), iuy` hët`n`, sldöo F`ao Tlsjly nlijgrg, bul lj öoki` pr`ils` nl sgokngn lo jg kdjlskg, agstg qul sl plrnkù nlmkn` g jg koirlnujkngn. I. Jg hçs i`höo y dgstgng trgnkikùo ls jg qul nlijgrg qul ‚jg ëp`ig nl j`s hkjgdr`s yg pgsù‘. Nl t`ngs jgs ‚trgnkik`ols nl j`s goikgo`s‘ ` nl j`s hkokstr`s nl a`y lo nèg, ëstg ls jg hçs t`otg, kjùdkig y gotk mèmjkig nl t`ngs jgs qul i`o`zi`. Lj Lspèrktu Ygot`, jg ëp`ig lo jg iugj lstgh`s vkvklon` ls lj öoki` Agiln`r nl hkjgdr`s p`r pgrtl nl Nk`s, lj öoki` Gnhkokstrgn`r nl jg v`juotgn nlj Ugnrl, lj qul sgoù t`ngs jgs hujtktunls qul vkoklr`o g Irkst` pgrg slr sgogn`s lo j`s nègs nl Yu igrol. ^`n`s j`s hkjgdr`s lblitugn`s agstg lj nèg nl Ulotli`stës bulr`o alia`s p`r lj Lspèrktu, lj Agiln`r nl Hkjgdr`s, gotls nl lotrgr `bkikgjhlotl g su pr`pkg nksplosgikùo.

 

Jg kotloikùo nl oulstr` Ugnrl Iljlstkgj i`o rljgikùo g jg ëp`ig lo qul vkvkh`s lrg qul bulrg jg hçs hkjgdr`sg nl t`ngs jgs nksplosgik`ols, p`r trgtgrsl nl jg nksplosgikùo nlj Lspèrktu Ygot`. Nurgotl lstg ëp`ig, jg drgo pr`hlsg nl Nk`s lrg qul Lj nlrrghgrèg nl su Lspèrktu Ygot` s`mrl t`ng igrol. Lstg ls jg ëp`ig n`onl lj Lspèrktu Ygot` vlonrèg g h`rgr nlotr` nlj a`hmrl3 jg lrg lo jg qul j`s oulvl n`ols nlj Lspèrktu „ koijuylon` j`s n`ols nl. bl, sgokngn y hkjgdr`s„ slrègo rlpgrtkn`s g igng a`hmrl konkvknugjhlotl i`ob`rhl g jg `mrg nlj Lspèrktu. Flsös nlijgrù qul jgs `mrgs qul Lj agièg i`otkougrègo y guo ‚`mrgs hgy`rls‘ slrègo aliags p`r lj Lspèrktu Ygot`, nlspuës nl su lxgjtgikùo. Ls gmsurn` y rknèiuj` qul iugjquklrg qul sl jjghl hglstr` nl jg pulng sljliik`ogr ëp`ig nlj Agiln`r nlMkmjkg, hkjgdr`s i`h` jg öokigprliksghlotl ëp`ig n`onljgo` sl pulnl agilr hkjgdr`s. Iuço rknèiuj` slrèg pgrg gjduklo losl÷gr qul lj Lspèrktu Ygot` `mrgrèg hkjgdr`s lo iugjquklr ëp`ig hlo`s lo jg suyg3 jg iugj ls uog ‚hlf`r‘ nksplosgikùo, i`o uo hlf`r sgilrn`tl, uo ‚hlf`r pgit`‘ i`o ‚hlf`rls pr`hlsgs‘, y t`n` ‚hlf`r‘ qul iugjquklr ëp`ig gotlrk`r. Gjduo`s agmjgo i`h` sk jg ëp`ig prlslotl o` bulrg jg ëp`ig nlj Lspèrktu. Agy s`jghlotl uog nksplosgikùo nlj Lspèrktu y jg loi`otrgh`s lotrl jg prkhlrg y slduong vlokng nlj Yl÷`r. Ls iklrt`, lstgh`s vkvklon` lo lj plrè`n` Jg`nkil` ` tkmk` nl jg nksplosgikùo nlj Lspèrktu. Gj prkoikpk` nl lstg lrg jg kdjlskg lstgmg jjlog nlj Lspèrktu. Ga`rg lstgh`s lo lj plrè`n` tkmk` nl jg hkshg lrg. Lo iugot` g hè (y drgikgs g Nk`s p`r t`n`s j`s nlhçs qul s`o i`h` y`) hk prlnkigikùo y hk prçitkig lstgrço mgsgngs lo jg prlnkigikùo y lo jg prçitkig nl jg kdjlskg nurgotl jg ëp`ig iugon` lstgmg jjlog nlj Lspèrktu y o` lo jg prlnkigikùo y lo jg prçitkig nurgotl su plrè`n` tkmk`. [` prlbklr` trgmgfgr pgrg trglr g jg Rlrngnlrg Kdjlskg g jg gjturg nl jg Ugjgmrg lo lj prkhlr skdj`,

lo trgtgr nl gi`h`ngr jg Lsirkturg gj alh`s okvlj nlvkst` jg kdjlskg tkmkgvlz nljnlskdj` vlkotl. Lo nksiurs`s gotlrk`rls iùh` Nk`s ag `mrgn` hkjgdr`s lo igng skdj` nlsnl jg iujhkogikùo nl

 

jgs Lsirkturgs agstg oulstr`s nègs. Lstg prulmg qul lstg dgstgng trgnkikùo qul alh`s i`osknlrgn`, ag skn` i`hpjltghlotl rliagzgngg p`r j`s alia`s nl jg akst`rkg. rliagzgn N. @trg trgnkikùo sl rlbklrl g qul o` ls jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s sgogr g t`ngs jgs plrs`ogs. Lo oulstr` jkmr` ‚Irkst` lj Ygogn`r‘ y lo hlosgfls gotlrk`rls g trgvës nl jg rgnk`, alh`s ngn` rlspulstg g lstg `mflikùo nlsnl t`n` puot` nl vkstg p`skmjl. Yk jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s bulrg sgogr s`jghlotl g gjduo`s nl j`s qul olilsktgo sgokngn, lot`oils ognkl tlonrèg uog mgsl pgrg buonghlotgr su bl agstg qul o` rlikmklrg uog rlvljgikùo lsplikgj, nl qul lstuvklrg lotrl j`s bgv`rlikn`s. Yk jgs pr`hlsgs nl sgjun o` bulrgo pgrg t`n`s, lot`oils okodöo a`hmrl p`nrèg usgr jg Mkmjkg pgrg gbkgozgrsl lo jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s. °Gigs` j` qul lst`s Mkmjkgs hglstr`s o`s quklrlo ls qul,nkrlitg tlolh`s ilrrgr oulstrgs y `mtlolr uog nlikr rlvljgikùo nljqul Lspèrktu, gotls nl `rgr p`r j`s loblrh`s0 ^ëiokighlotl o`s lstgrègo nkiklon` qul nlmlh`s losl÷gr qul jg t`tgjkngn nl jg gitkvkngn nkvkog, i`o rljgikùo g jg sgokngn, tklol qul slr d`mlrogng p`r rlvljgik`ols nkrlitgs nlj Lspèrktu lo vlz nl slr p`r jgs Lsirkturgs. L. Agy `tr`s qul o` pulnlo rlikmkr sgokngn p`rqul sl jls ag losl÷gn` g g÷gnkr g sus `rgik`ols jg brgsl6 ‚sk ls tu v`juotgn‘, jg iugj nlstruyl jg bl. Lj Oulv` ^lstghlot` s`jghlotl agmjg nl uo igs`, nl uo` qul pknkù sgokngn nl lstg hgolrg, lj jlpr`s` qul nkf`6 ‚sk quklrls, pulnls jkhpkgrhl‘. Lstl a`hmrl o` p`nèg `rgr nl `trg b`rhg p`rqul t`ngvèg o` sl agmèg lotlrgn` nl jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s lo lstl gsuot`. Flsös o` jl sgoù agstg qul o` g÷gnkù g jg bl nlj a`hmrl, qul lj p`nèg y qulrèg sgogrj`. Lj ‚quklr`‘ nl Flsös ljkhkoù lj ‚sk quklrls‘ nlj jlpr`s`. Ls khp`skmjl qul gjduo` pulng `rgr i`o bl agstg qul lj ‚sk quklrls‘ slg ljkhkogn` nl su `rgikùo. ^lolr bl vlrngnlrg ls lstgr ‚i`hpjltghlotl plrsugnkn`‘ qul Nk`s agrç j` qul ag

pr`hltkn` sk agilr. pulnl‚sk ls lstgr ‚i`hpjltghlotl plrsugnkn`‘ g÷gnl Ognkl g su `rgikùo tu v`juotgn‘. [g qul Nk`s ag rlvljgn` su v`juotgn lo lstl gsuot` g trgvës nl sus

 

pr`hlsgs, nlikr ‚sk ls tu v`juotgn‘ iugon` `rgh`s ls i`h` sk nkfërgh`s6 ‚sk ls tu v`juotgn iuhpjkr tu pr`hlsg‘. B. @trg nl jgs prlhksgs gotk-mèmjkigs qul ag `igsk`ogn` jg hulrtl prlhgturg nl hkjls y ag hgotlokn` g hujtktunls sko rlikmkr sgokngn, ls jg losl÷gozg h`nlrog lo iugot` gj igs` nl Ugmj`, y lj gdukfùo lo su igrol, qul igrol, qul sl trgtgmg nl gjduog ijgsl nl pr`mjlhg bèski`. Jg bgjslngn nl lstg losl÷gozg jg h`strgrlh`s lo lj skduklotl slrhùo, lj Gdukfùo lo jg igrol nl Ugmj`. Jg lxprlskùo ‚gdukfùo lo jg igrol‘ sl usg s`jghlotl i`h` kjustrgikùo lo lj Rklf` y Oulv` tlstghlot`. Ok skquklrg lo uo sùj` lflhpj` lo jg Ugjgmrg sl usg ‚lj gdukfùo lo jg igrol‘ pgrg rlblrkrsl g jg loblrhlngn. Igng vlz qul sl usg lstg brgsl lo jg Mkmjkg, o`s nkil g quë sl rlbklrl lsplièbkighlotl. U`r lflhpj`, lo Oöhlr`s 99667= j` i`otkougrèg y guhlotgrèg lo rlspulstg g jg `rgikùo nl jg Kdjlskg iugon` Lj bulrg dj`rkbkign`. Jgs hkshgs pgjgmrgs qul iktgh`s nl Alia`s 7676 ‚Flsös i`hlozù i`hlozù   g agilr   y g agilr y g losl÷gr‘, prulmgo qul lj Yl÷`r ‚i`hlozù g agilr losl÷gr j` losl÷gr  j` qul lj Lspèrktu Ygot` kmg g i`otkougr agiklon` g trgvës nl jg Kdjlskg. . U`r o` agmlr skn` nlmknghlotl kostrukn`s, huia`s o` rlikmlo sgokngn, p`rqul sl lhpl÷go lo jkhktgr g Nk`s g agilr hkjgdr`s s`jghlotl Lstgs plrs`ogs nlsliago su i`obkgozg p`rqul o` sl sklotlo bulrtls y sgjungmjls lo uo kostgotl. Nk`s agil nkblrloikg lotrl uo hkjgdr` y uog sgokngn. Yk igng a`hmrl, gigmgn` p`r jg loblrhlngn, bulrg alia` bulrtl y sgjungmjl lo uo h`hlot`, slrègo t`n`s hkjgdr`s y o` sgokngnls. Iugon` louhlrg j`s n`ols lspkrktugjls, Ugmj` agmjg nlj n`o nl sgokngn y tghmkëo lj nl hkjgdr`s. Irkst` o` pun` agilr hkjgdr`s lo Ogzgrlt p`r jg koirlnujkngn nl jg dlotl, plr` sè sgoù g gjduo`s loblrh`s gjjè. I`obuonkr sgokngn i`o hkjgdr`s ls uo khplnkhlot` huy i`höo lo oulstr`s nègs, lsplikgjhlotl iugon` igrlilh`s nl mulog losl÷gozg lo lstl gsuot`. 764), hklotrgs qul jg losl÷gozg h`nlrog gilrig nlj gdukfùo nl Ugmj`, ag lovkgn` g hujtktunls „igsk sklhprl nlspuës nl huia`s g÷`s nl tlrrkmjl subrkhklot`„ g tuhmgs prlhgturgs, sko agmlr gigmgn` su igrrlrg, ¡uog trgdlnkg a`rrkmjl, qul sl rlpktl i`ostgotlhlotl!

Yk j`s gbjkdkn`s nl a`y qul irllo jg losl÷gozg nl lst`s öjtkh`s nègs, skduklrgo lj lflhpj` nl Ugmj`, `rgon` agstg qul Nk`s jls

 

agmjgrg, i`h` ljj`s pklosgo qul akz` Ugmj`, y jls nkflrg qul Lj quklrl qul i`otkoölo loblrh`s, y jls lxpjkigrg lj p`r quë, lo sldukng nkrègh`s6 ¡‚Ghëo‘! p`rqul ghgh`s jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s. Lo loblrhlngn Dçjgtgs >679 nlj Ugmj` nkil6 ‚Uuls v`s`tr`s sgmëks qulgjgprkoikpk`‘. igusg nl uog iulrp` `s gouoikë lj lvgodljk` Ur`mgmjlhlotl jg loblrhlngn gquè lrg bèskig, plr` ‚gj prkoikpk`‘ o` quklrl nlikr qul ëj plrhgolikù sklhprl nëmkj. °O` qulrrèg nlikr j` i`otrgrk`0 Yk gsè aumklrg skn`, °p`r quë kmg g nlikr ‚gj prkoikpk`‘0 ^ ^gj gj vlz, i`h` irllo huia`s kotljlitugjls-gignëhki`s, lst` suilnkù nlspuës nl agmlr skn` gplnrlgn` lo Jkstrg. Nlspuës qul Ugmj`, lo jgs pgjgmrgs hçs sloikjjgs, nlijgrg j` qul lrg su ‚gdukfùo‘, ls lxtrg÷` qul t`ngvèg lxkstgo hkokstr`s a`y lo nèg qul nkdgo qul ls `trg i`sg3 usgon` lst`, gnlhçs, lo i`otrg nl jg n`itrkog mèmjkig nl sgokngn. Ugmj` hksh` losl÷ù lstg n`itrkog hçs qul t`n`s j`s `tr`s gpùst`jls y lsirkt`rls nlj Oulv` ^lstghlot`. U`r lflhpj`, bul lj lvgodljk` qul Ugmj` prlnkiù lo Ëbls` lj qul `mrù bl pgrg qul sl suilnklrgo j`s ‚hkjgdr`s lsplikgjls‘ nl sgokngn qul alh`s hloik`ogn`. I`o rljgikùo g su Urlnkigikùo lo Ëbls`, Ugmj` nkil. O` `s al rlausgn` ogng qul `s slg nl pr`vlia`‘. Yk t`n`s j`s prlnkign`rls nl a`y o` rltuvklrgo ogng nl j` qul ls pr`vlia`s`, pr`vlia`s `, sldurghlotl lstgrègo losl÷gon` sgokngn. Bul Ugmj` lj qul nkf` lo ]`hgo`s 7677). Wul lj ‚Lspèrktu vkvkbkigrç tghmkëo h`rtgjls (o` vulstr`s iulrp`s h`rtgjls  (o` hulrt`s) (]`hgo`s 1677)3 y qul ‚Lj ls lj Ygjvgn`r nlj iulrp`‘, ‚Lj Yl÷`r ls pgrg lj iulrp`, y lj iulrp` pgrg lj Yl÷`r‘ (K I`rkotk`s 2679).

Jjghgn`s g Ylr Ygot`s Ugmj` ls lj gpùst`j qul lsirkmkù ‚g jg kdjlskg nl Nk`s qul lstç lo I`rkot` . . . jjghgn`s g slr sgot`s i`o t`n`s j`s qul lo iugjquklr judgr kov`igo lj o`hmrl nl oulstr` Yl÷`r Flsuirkst` ... y g uo`s pus` Nk`s lo jg Kdjlskg . . . hkjgdr`s n`ols nl sgokngn‘, lti.3 qul lst`s n`ols y lj jjghghklot` nl Nk`s s`o krrlv`igmjls3 y g t`n`s sl jls ag `rnlogn` pr`iurgr j`s n`ols hlf`rls‘. Ugmj` o` irlèg, i`h` j`s a`hmrls losl÷go a`y lo nèg, qul lstgs  mlonkik`ols lstgmgo rlslrvgngs pgrg lj pulmj` nl Ksrglj. Lj irlèg lo qul ‚jg pgrln kotlrhlnkg‘ agmèg skn` ‚nlrrkmgng‘, y qul lo Irkst` ‚o` agy funè` ok drkld`‘, sko` qul ‚t`n`s s`h`s uo` lo Irkst`  Flsös‘. U`r j` tgot`, Ëj sgoù gj dlotkj gj  dlotkj qul  qul lrg i`f` nl ogikhklot` lo Jkstrg, i`h` j` akiklr`o Ulnr` y Fugo i`o lj  funè`  funè`   ikld` nl ogikhklot` lo jg Uulrtg nlj tlhpj` jg Alrh`sg. Ugmj` tghmkëo irlèg qul j`s tkp`s nlj Gotkdu` ^lstghlot` ‚bulr`o lsirkt`s pgrg prlvlokro`s‘, (Dçjgtgs 961). Wul ‚t`n`s j`s qul s`o nl jg bl s`o jg skhklotl nl Gmrgagh‘3 y qul g ‚Gmrgagh y g su skhklotl bulr`o aliags jgs pr`hlsgs‘. ‚[ sk v`s`tr`s s`ks nl Irkst`, iklrtghlotl jkogfl nl Gmrgagh s`ks, y alrlnlr`s sldöo jg pr`hlsg‘ (Dçjgtgs 96=;).

Ugmj` lo jg Ksjg nl Hgjtg

Bul Ugmj` lj qul losl÷ù qul lrg ‚lo Lj qul t`ngs jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s lrgo sè y lo Lj ghëo, p`r hlnk` nl o`s`tr`s, o`s`tr`s, pgrg  pgrg jg dj`rkg nl

 

Nk`s‘ (KK I`rkotk`s 76=5). Lo `trgs pgjgmrgs, qul t`ngs jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s, koijuylon` t`ngs sus pr`hlsgs nl sgokngn, nlmlo su lxkstloikg y p`nlr g jg `mrg sumstktutkvg nl Irkst` p`r o`s`tr`s. Wul t`n`s. U`r jg `mrg rlnlot`rg nl Irkst` bul pgrg t`n`s.  U`r lstg rgzùo ls qul lj öjtkh` igpètuj` nl j`s Alia`s o`s hulstrg qul Ugmj` irlèg y pr`mù qul ls jg v`juotgn nl Nk`s sgogr, o` gjduo`s s`jghlotl, sko` ‚g t`n`s j`s nlhçs loblrh`s lo jg j g Ksjg‘ nl Hgjtg (Alia`s =16;). Ugmj` lstgmjlikù jg nkblrloikg lotrl j`s hkjgdr`s y jgs sgokngnls, y t`ng plrs`og p`r ls` o` irlèg qul t`ng  plrs`og kmg g slr sgogng kostgotçolghlotl. Lj nlfù g ^rùbkh` loblrh` lo Hkjlt` (KK ^kh`tl` >6=5), y Lpgbr`nkt` lstuv` ‚prùxkh` g jg hulrtl‘ pgrg mlolbkik` nlj Lvgodljk` (` p`r lxils` nl trgmgf`), nl j` iugj o` sl rliuplrù kohlnkgtghlotl. Ugmj` o` lrg uo bgoçtki` lo rljgikùo g jgs jlyls ogturgjls nl sgjun, g jgs iugjls i`osknlrgmg tgo nkvkogs i`h` nl‚lo Nk`s. Lj o` tktumlù lo rli`hlongrjl g ^kh`tl` lj j`s brut`hkjgdr`s nl jg vkn judgr nl gdug, pgrg lj hgjlstgr nl su lstùhgd`‘. Ugmj` irlèg qul j`s hksh`s loblrh`s nlmègo tlolr bl pgrg slr sgogn`s, p`r ls` o` jl nkf` gj i`f` ‚pçrgtl bkrhl lo tus pkls‘ agstg qul plrikmkù qul ‚ëj tloèg bl pgrg slr sgogn`‘. Flsös hksh` o` pun` agilr hkjgdr`s lo Ogzgrlt p`r jg koirlnujkngn i`jlitkvg.

\o ]lsuhlo Kostruitkv` °O` ls lxtrg÷` qul iugjquklr hkokstlrk` o` tlodg lo iulotg t`ng jg Mkmjkg, iugon` sl trgtg lj tlhg nl jg sgokngn, sko i`osknlrgr6 Lj O`hmrl ]lnlotkv` y nlj Ugit` nl Nk`s, ‚Fla`vç- rgbg‘, Lj Ugit` nl Nk`s nl sgokngn, Jg losl÷gozg y jgs pr`hlsgs nl sgokngn lo j`s tkp`s nlj Gotkdu` ^lstghlot`, Lj prlilnlotl uokvlrsgj nl sgokngn lstgmjlikn` g trgvës nl jg akst`rkg nlj Gotkdu` ^lstghlot`,

Jgs pgjgmrgs, losl÷gozgs, pr`hlsgs y ljjg hkokstlrk` sgokngn nl Irkst`, g trgvës`rnlogozgs, nl j`s iugjls sl rlvljg v`juotgn nl Nk`s pgrg oulstr`s iulrp`s,

 

J`s n`ols nl sgokngn ngn`s g jg Kdjlskg, jg `rnlogozg nl uoikùo lo jg Kdjlskg, Lj alia` nl qul Irkst` jjlvù oulstrgs loblrhlngnls, gsè tghmkëo i`h` lo ljago Igjvgrk`, °J`soulstr`s hkjls nlplign`s hkjls qul skn` sgogn`s nlsnl j`s nègs nl j`s Gpùst`jls agstg oulstr`s nègs, koijuskvl0 °O` ls lxtrg÷` qul ljj`s o` tlodgo lo iulotg t`n` lst` y qul lsi`fgo i`h` tlxt`, jg Lsirkturg qul agmjg nlj ‚gdukfùo‘ nl Ugmj`, jg iugj j`s lrunkt`s gnhktlo qul o` pulnlo pr`mgr qul tlodg gjduog rljgikùo i`o jg loblrhlngn ` i`o jg sgokngn0

 

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7. °^`ng vlz qul j`s skltl o`hmrls i`hpulst`s nl Fla`vç, uo` nl j`s iugjls ls Fla`vç-rgbg ([` s`y tu Nk`s qul tl sgog), rlvljgo su rljgikùo rlnlot`rg agikg igng plrs`og, o` lstço ljj`s sl÷gjgon` agikg lj Igjvgrk`0 =. °[g qul t`ngs jgs pr`hlsgs nl Nk`s s`o lo Lj sè, y lo Lj ghëo, gigs` lst`s skltl o`hmrls, koijuylon` Fla`vç-rgbg (lj Yl÷`r oulstr` Ygogn`r), o` nlmlo su lxkstloikg y su p`nlr g jg `mrg rlnlot`rg nl Irkst` lo jg iruz0 9. °O` tklol igng irlylotl lj hksh` nlrlia`, p`r jg rlnloikùo, nl jjghgr g Irkst` Fla`vç-rgbg (lj Ygogn`r nl su iulrp`) i`h` tghmkëo j` tklol nl jjghgrj` Fla`vç-skncloö (lj Ygogn`r nl su gjhg)0 °O` ag skn` ngn` su o`hmrl, tgot` pgrg sgokngn i`h` pgrg sgjvgikùo0 >. °Yk jg sgokngn nlj iulrp` sl pulnl `mtlolr slpgrgnghlotl nlj Igjvgrk`, i`h` j` losl÷go oulstr`s `p`skt`rls, iùh` sl lxpjkig qul okoduog mlonkikùo nlj G÷` nl Fumkjl` sl p`nèg gouoikgr i`o lj s`okn` nl jg tr`hpltg, agstg lj Nèg nl jg Lxpkgikùo0 . j`s °Yk lrr`rls ‚lj iulrp` pgrg lj Yl÷`r, uo sgirkbkik` vkv` pgrg Nk`s‘, o` prlblrkrèg Ëj uo iulrp` sgo` lo vlz nl uo iulrp`

 

qulmrgotgn`0 °Yk o` ls gsè, iùh` p`nrèg Lj, agilro`s gpt`s lo t`ng `mrg mulog pgrg agilr su v`juotgn‘ (Almrl`s 796=7), ` ‚lotlrghlotl prlpgrgn`s pgrg t`ng mulog `mrg‘0 (KK ^kh`tl` 9674). 76 7=-79)3 y o` ls lstg pr`hlsg uog rlspulstg i`hpjltg p`r sk s`jg, g t`n`s j`s qul sl `p`olo0 =5. °U`r quë lj Lspèrktu Ygot`, quklo sgoù g t`n`s j`s loblrh`s gotls nl kokikgrsl su nksplosgikùo, kmg g agilr hlo`s nlspuës nl lotrgr lo su `bkik` lo lj nèg nl Ulotli`stës0 °@ kmg, lj Agiln`r nl hkjgdr`s, g i`hlozgr lo su `bkik`, gigmgon` i`o j`s hkjgdr`s0

=7. °O` ls lj nljkmr` nl j`s Alia`s nlj i`otkougr Lspèrktu Ygot` uogg rlvljgikùo jg b`rhg i`h` Ëj quklrl `mrgon` trgvës nl jg kdjlskg0

 

==. °Iùh` pulnl Nk`s fustkbkigro`s y gj hksh` tklhp` tk lhp` plnkro`s qul plrhgolzigh`s mgf` jg hgjnkikùo nl jg jly, nl jg iugj Irkst` hksh` o`s rlnkhkù, jjlvçon`jg p`r o`s`tr`s lo jg iruz0 (Dçjgtgs 9679) =9. °Yk lj ‚Akf` nl Nk`s gpgrlikù pgrg nlsagilr jgs `mrgs nl nkgmj`‘, agmrç gmgon`ogn` Ëj lstl pr`pùskt` lj iugj rltuv` göo nurgotl su sun`r sgodrklot` lo lj Dltslhgoè y jgs t`rturgs nlj Igjvgrk`0 °@, qulrrç Ëj ga`rg qul jgs `mrgs nlj nkgmj`, qul Ëj qulrèg nlstrukr, i`otkoölo lo oulstr`s iulrp`s0 °Wuklrl Nk`s lo içoilr6 ‚uog pjgdg‘, ‚uog hgjnkikùo‘ ` ‚jgs `mrgs nlj nkgmj`‘ lo j`s hklhmr`s nl Irkst`0 °‘O` sgmëks qul vulstr`s iulrp`s s`o hklhmr`s nl Irkst`‘0 (7I`rkotk`s 267. °Jgs prulmgs nl sgokngn nkvkog lotrl jgs iklot` `ialotg y iugtr` plrs`ogs qul tlstkbkigr`o lo lstl ^gmlroçiuj` j`s öjtkh`s n`s vklrols lo jg o`ial, ago skn` hlo`s ijgrgs y i`ovkoilotls qul jgs prulmgs nl rlnloikùo lspkrktugj, lotrl j`s qul pr`blsgo slr irkstkgo`s a`y lo nèg0 °O` lstço j`s 71> qul bulr`o sgogn`s, lo uog hlf`r sgjun bèskig qul lj hksh` oöhlr` nl plrs`ogs, qul i`obklsgo slr irkstkgo`s j` lstço lspkrktugjhlotl0 °O` sl p`nrèg i`hprgr nl uog hgolrg bgv`rgmjl, jg sgjun bèskig nl ëst`s 71>, i`o jg sgjun lspkrktugj nl igsk lj hksh` oöhlr` nl hkokstr`s nl oulstrg ëp`ig0 =