Cricket - overview with Biomechanical aspect

CRICKET Suketu Shah, PT

AGENDA • • • •

Review of cricket as a game Types of bowling Technical components Practical components

WHAT IS CRICKET ? • Bat-and-ball • Non contact & team sport • First documented southern England in the 16th century • International Governing Body – International Cricket Council (ICC) • 104 countries as members

WHAT IS CRICKET ? (CONT’D) • It is played on a cricket ground with a pitch at the center • Two teams with eleven players each • One team bats with two players across the pitch • Other team bowls and fields

FACTS… • First International game documented - In 1844 - United States Vs Canada - At St. George’s Park - Canada won

BOWLING CLASSIFICATION 1. Fast arm bowler 2. Spin bowler

BOWLING CLASSIFICATION 1. Fast arm bowler 2. Spin bowler

PHASES OF FAST ARM BOWLING

TECHNICAL COMPONENTS

FLOW CHART MECHANICAL OBJECTIVE

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES

MOMENTUM

ARM FORCE

• Bowl at maximum speed • Momentum, strength and arm force • From the run up to pre delivery stride • From back foot stage to ball release

FLOW CHART (CONT’D) INERTIA

GRAVITY

• From run up to back foot contact • Through out all the phases

MECHANICAL OBJECTIVE

•BOWL AT MAXIMUM SPEED

• Varies as per individual • Moreover, the bowling should be done with perfect line and length “Shoaib Aktar of Pakistan is the fastest bowler in world of cricket with a speed of 161.3 kmph (100.2 mph)”

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES

1. 2. 3. 4.

•IDENTIFIED AS MAINLY FOUR Momentum Arm force Inertia Gravity

MOMENTUM

•p = m x v

• Product of mass and velocity • In bowling, long run and forward flex

ARM FORCE

• FROM BACK FOOT TO BALL RELEASE

• Force from shoulder • Force from other parts leads to injury • End phase wrist play important role

INERTIA

• FROM RUN UP TO BACK FOOT CONTACT

• By Newton’s first law: “A body at rest/motion remains in rest/motion, unless & until external force is applied on it”

GRAVITY

• IN ALL THE PHASES

• Force exerted by earth • Centripetal (pulling force)

PRACTICAL COMPONENT

WHAT IS ILLEGAL ACTION? In simple words as throw bowling: Throw bowling is chucking the bowl. • Law 24.3 states – “A ball is fairly delivered in respect to the arm if, once the bowler's arm has reached the level of the shoulder in the delivery swing, the elbow joint is not straightened partially or completely from that point until the ball has left the hand”

WHAT IS ILLEGAL ACTION? (CONT’D) • A straightened elbow gives unfair advantage of generating extra speed than ball delivered with a straight arm. • However, most bowlers' arms will straighten because of the sheer forces going through the body at the point of delivery.

WHAT IS ILLEGAL ACTION? (CONT’D) • The ICC has now set a maximum limit of 15 degrees of flex, which means that no bowler can extend their elbow beyond that level • If the bowler is suspected, bowler has to undergo biomechanical testing

HOW TO VERIFY AN ILLEGAL ACTION?

VICON 3D IMAGING • Reflectors attached to bowlers body surface • Converts bowling action into 3D image • Breaks into skeletal form for experts to indentify the faults

Camera

Reflector (Sensor)

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Lasith Malinga

Shoaibh Akhtar

BOWLING ACTION OF LASITH MALINGA

BOWLING ACTION OF SHOIBH AKHTAR

SHOAIB AKHTAR PROFILE • • • • •

Debut in 1997 He is well known for his speed and pace bowls Passionate to make world record for speed Currently, he is WORLD FASTEST BOWLER Controversy, over his bowling style - his action was cleared by University of Western Australia, which was due to his hyper extensible joints

SHOAIB AKHTAR PROFILE (CONT’D) • Downfall in his carrier after 2005 • Still facing problems due to rude behavior and injurious

SHOAIB AKHTARS STATASTICS Mat Inns Balls Runs Wkts

BBI

BBM

Ave Econ

SR

4w

5w

10

Tests

46

82

8143

4574

178

6/11 11/78 25.69

3.37

45.7

10

12

2

ODIs

144

143

6798

5321

223

6/16

6/16 23.86

4.69

30.4

6

4

0

T20Is

7

7

138

183

8

2/11

2/11 22.87

7.95

17.2

0

0

0

Firstclass

133

20460 12265

467

6/11

26.26

3.59

43.8

28

2

List A

79

Twen ty20

22

22

3873

3165

116

6/16

6/16 27.28

4.90

33.3

7

2

0

444

535

25

5/23

5/23 21.40

7.22

17.7

1

1

0

LASITH MALINGA PROFILE • Debut in 2004 • He is well known for his speed and yorker bowls • Controversy, over his bowling style - action attracted a lot of comments - but his vicon and electromyogram test reports were negative

LASITH MALINGA’S STATICTICS Mat

Inns Balls Runs Wkts

BBI

BBM

Ave Econ

SR

4w

5w

10

Tests

28

55

4777

3076

91

5/68 9/210 33.80

3.86

52.4

7

2

0

ODIs

62

60

3002

2500

90

4/28

4/28 27.77

4.99

33.3

5

0

0

T20Is

18

18

364

443

23

3/17

3/17 19.26

7.30

15.8

0

0

0

Firstclass

80

11327

7416

242

6/17

30.64

3.92

46.8

16

6

0

List A

101

4857

4060

157

5/56

5/56 25.85

5.01

30.9

7

1

0

Twen ty20

43

869

974

51

3/11

3/11 19.09

6.72

17.0

0

0

0

41

COMPARSION CONCLUSION • Akhtar’s dream for delivering fastest bowl took him to path of drugs and due to his rude behavior, his average showed a downfall • Malinga’s average has increased since he joined international cricket, moreover he is consistent

COMMON INJURY AMONG CRICKET Wicket Keeper 30 %

Spin Bowlers 13 %

Batsman 16 %

Fast bowler 41 %

This clearly establishes that fast bowlers as the priority group for continued injury risk factor research Orchard et.al., 2005, Sports Health

WHY ARE BACK INJURIOUS TO FAST BOWLERS TO CONCERNING? • Injuries to lumbar vertebrae may not heal properly • Can lead to spondylolisthesis–forward slippage of vertebrae • Long term consequences: – Disc problems – Nerve root compression – Early degeneration of lumbar spine

REPETITIVE MICROTRAUMA (OVERUSE) INJURIES • Repetitive microtrauma -a number of forces combine to produce a fatigue effect over time • Load involved with bowling one delivery might not exceed critical limit of tissues • Cumulative effect might result in mechanical degradation of tissues

FLASH BACK OVER RESEARCH

OVERVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH • High injury rates to fast bowlers were identified in an injury surveillance study conducted by Cricket Australia • Three risk factors for injury to fast bowlers have been proposed: Technique

Physical preparation

Bowling workload

A plan was developed to quantify bowling workload in an objective, meaningful and reliable manner

A PILOT STUDY • 1999/00 (a season later than planned…) • 12 fast bowlers • Mean age 25.4 years (range 22 -34) • Bowling workload prospectively monitored for match and training sessions • Video training sessions 2 times per week • A range of ideas considered –counter in bowling marker, hand-held counters • Needed to develop a protocol that was acceptable and useful to players

METHODS Uninjured

Work load for Entire Session

Injured

Work load prior to injury

First injury only

SUMMARY OF PILOT STUDY RESULTS • 7 players (58%) sustained a total of 9 injuries • Frequency of sessions – injured = 1.9 days – uninjured = 3.2 days • Deliveries per week – mean = 203 • Match deliveries per month – mean = 552

SOFT TISSUE INJURIES • Common among fast bowlers • Mostly due to improper techniques • Common injuries like - Rotator Cuff injuries - Biceps Tendon - Supraspinatus Tendon - Various other tendonitis

REHABILITATION • On field treatment should be given by team physical therapist: - Vapocoolant Spray

REHABILITATION (CONT’D) -

Cryo + stretch Immobilization Massage If severe, the bowler has to be taken for Emergency Care department

REHBAILITATION (CONT’D) KEY - Longer & slow rehab • Minimum of 2 to 4 weeks of rest following a injury • PRICE protocol • Ultrasound • Manipulation & Mobilization as graded to player • Playing at reduced intensity and gradually building up the pace

PREVENTION • • • • •

Always warm up & stretch Workload properly distributed Suitable footwear – which can take stress Proper technique Contact PT urgently whenever required

THANK YOU