Creating Efficient Code Using ABAP 7.4 NW

CD261

Creating Efficient Code Using the Renewed ABAP SAP NetWeaver 7.4 Holger Janz, Horst Keller

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Agenda Previously on ABAP News – SAP NetWeaver 7.0 Enhancement Package 2 Expressions  Inline Declarations  Constructors  Internal Table Expressions

Message Channels  JSON  Message and Push Channels

Further News  Security Checks  ABAP Doc  Online Documentation © 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

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Previously on ABAP News Netweaver Release 7 EhP 2

Previously on ABAP News Expressions o->m( abs( i * 2 ) + 1 ).

Computation in Operands

IF o->m1( )->intf~m2( )->a > 1.

s2 = to_upper( condense( str ) ) && concat_lines_of( itab ).

s = |Hello, \n| & |today is { sy-datum date = iso } |now is { sy-uzeit time = iso }|.

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Method Call Chains

Expressions for String Operations

\n| &

String Templates

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Previously on ABAP News Internal Tables and Numeric Types DATA itab TYPE HASHED TABLE OF s1 WITH UNIQUE KEY b WITH UNIQUE SORTED KEY k1 COMPONENTS a c. … READ TABLE itab WITH KEY k1 COMPONENTS a = 1 b = 2 ASSIGNING . LOOP AT itab INTO wa WHERE (cond). … ENDLOOP. DATA: binary_float TYPE f, decimal_fix TYPE p LENGTH 5 DECIMALS 2, decimal_float_small TYPE decfloat16, decimal_float_big TYPE decfloat34. © 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

Secondary Keys

Dynamic WHERE Condition

Decimals Floating Point Type

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Expressions

Expressions Motivation Declarative - What instead of How Functional - less side effects Modern – catch up with trends See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declarative_programming http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming

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Expressions Inline Declarations Inline Declarations ... DATA(var) ... ... FIELD-SYMBOL() ... The new declaration operators DATA and FIELD-SYMBOL allow inline declarations of variables and field symbols with declaration expressions in declaration positions. Declaration positions are write positions where the operand type can be determined from the context statically.

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Expressions Inline Declarations – DATA( )

LOOP AT itab INTO DATA(wa). ... ENDLOOP.

oref->meth( IMPORTING p1 = DATA(a1) IMPORTING p2 = DATA(a2) ... ).

READ TABLE itab INTO DATA(wa) ...

FIND ... IN ... MATCH COUNT DATA(cnt).

DATA(ref) = class=>factory( ... ).

CALL TRANSFORMATION ... RESULT XML DATA(xml).

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Expressions Inline Declarations – DATA( )

DATA ixml TYPE REF TO if_ixml. DATA stream_factory TYPE REF TO if_ixml_stream_factory. DATA document TYPE REF TO if_ixml_document. ixml = cl_ixml=>create( ). stream_factory = ixml->create_stream_factory( ). document = ixml->create_document( ).

DATA(ixml) = cl_ixml=>create( ). DATA(stream_factory) = ixml->create_stream_factory( ). DATA(document) = ixml->create_document( ).

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Expressions Inline Declarations – FIELD-SYMBOL( )

ASSIGN ... TO FIELD-SYMBOL().

LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(). ... ENDLOOP.

READ TABLE itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL() ...

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Expressions Inline Declarations – FIELD-SYMBOL( )

FIELD-SYMBOLS LIKE LINE OF itab. LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING . ... ENDLOOP.

LOOP AT itab ASSIGNING FIELD-SYMBOL(). ... ENDLOOP.

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Expressions Constructor Expressions Constructor Expressions ... NEW|VALUE|REF|EXACT|CONV|CAST|COND|SWITCH type( ... ) ... The new constructor operators       

NEW creates objects VALUE creates values REF gets references EXACT performs lossless calculations or assignments CONV converts values CAST performs up or down casts COND and SWITCH enable conditional expressions

allow to construct results of a specified type in general expression positions.

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Expressions Constructor Expressions – NEW( ) FIELD-SYMBOLS TYPE data. DATA dref TYPE REF TO data. CREATE DATA dref TYPE i. ASSIGN dref->* TO . = 555.

DATA dref TYPE REF TO data. dref = NEW i( 555 ).

DATA(oref) = NEW class( ... ). DATA oref TYPE REF TO class. CREATE OBJECT oref EXPORTING ... DATA oref TYPE REF TO class. oref = NEW #( ... ).

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Expressions Constructor Expressions – VALUE( )

DATA itab DATA wa wa-col1 = APPEND wa wa-col1 = APPEND wa

TYPE t_itab. LIKE LINE OF itab. 1. wa-col2 = 2. TO itab. 3. wa-col2 = 4. TO itab.

method( itab ).

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DATA(itab) = VALUE t_itab( ( col1 = 1 col2 = 2 ) ( col1 = 3 col2 = 4 ) ). method( itab ).

method( VALUE t_itab( ( col1 = 1 col2 = 2 ) ( col1 = 3 col2 = 4 ) ) ).

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Expressions Constructor Expressions – REF( ) DATA dref TYPE REF TO string. GET REFERENCE OF para INTO dref. DATA(ptab) = VALUE abap_parmbind_tab( ( name = name kind = cl_abap_objectdescr=>exporting value = dref ) ). CALL METHOD (class)=>(meth) PARAMETER-TABLE ptab. DATA(ptab) = VALUE abap_parmbind_tab( ( name = name kind = cl_abap_objectdescr=>exporting value = REF #( para ) ) ). CALL METHOD (class)=>(meth) PARAMETER-TABLE ptab. © 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

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Expressions Constructor Expressions – EXACT( )

TYPES numtext TYPE n LENGTH 255. DATA number TYPE numtext. TRY. MOVE EXACT '4 Apples + 3 Oranges' TO number. CATCH cx_sy_conversion_error INTO DATA(exc). ... ENDTRY. TYPES numtext TYPE n LENGTH 255. TRY. DATA(number) = EXACT numtext( '4 Apples + 3 Oranges' ). CATCH cx_sy_conversion_error INTO DATA(exc). ... ENDTRY.

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Expressions Constructor Expressions – CONV( ) DATA text TYPE c LENGTH 255. DATA(xstr) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( source = CONV #( text ) ).

DATA text TYPE c LENGTH 255. DATA helper TYPE string. helper = text. DATA(xstr) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( source = helper ).

IF 1 / 3 > 0. ... ENDIF.

IF CONV decfloat34( 1 / 3 ) > 0. ... ENDIF.

IF ' ' = ` `. ... ENDIF.

IF ' ' = CONV char1( ` ` ). ... ENDIF.

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Expressions Constructor Expressions – CAST( )

DATA structdescr TYPE REF TO cl_abap_structdescr. structdescr ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name( 'T100' ). DATA(components) = structdescr->components.

DATA(components) = CAST cl_abap_structdescr( cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name( 'T100' ) )->components.

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Expressions Constructor Expressions – COND( ) DATA time TYPE string. IF sy-timlo < '120000'. time = |{ sy-timlo TIME = ISO } AM|. ELSEIF sy-timlo > '120000'. time = |{ CONV t( sy-timlo - 12 * 3600 ) TIME = ISO } PM|. DATA(time) = ELSEIF sy-timlo = '120000'. COND string( time = |High Noon|. WHEN sy-timlo < '120000' THEN ELSE. |{ sy-timlo TIME = ISO } AM| RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE cx_cant_be. WHEN sy-timlo > '120000' THEN ENDIF. |{ CONV t( sy-timlo - 12 * 3600 ) TIME = ISO } PM| WHEN sy-timlo = '120000' THEN |High Noon| ELSE THROW cx_cant_be( ) ).

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Expressions Constructor Expressions – SWITCH( ) DATA number TYPE string. CASE sy-index. WHEN 1. number = 'one'. WHEN 2. number = 'two'. WHEN 3. number = 'three'. WHEN OTHERS. RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE cx_overflow. ENDCASE.

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DATA(number) = SWITCH string( sy-index WHEN 1 THEN 'one' WHEN 2 THEN 'two' WHEN 3 THEN 'three' ELSE THROW cx_overflow( ) ). 22

Expressions Table Expressions Table Expressions ... itab[ ... ] ... The new table expressions itab[ … ] enable read access to internal tables at operand positions. The operand positions can be read positions and also some write positions

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Expressions Table Expressions – table line wa = itab[ idx ]. READ TABLE itab INDEX idx INTO wa. READ TABLE itab INDEX idx USING KEY key INTO wa.

READ TABLE flights WITH KEY col1 = ... col2 = ... INTO wa.

wa = itab[ KEY key INDEX idx ].

wa = itab[col1 = ... col2 = ... ].

wa = itab[ KEY key COMPONENTS col1 = ... col2 = ... ].

READ TABLE flights WITH TABLE KEY key COMPONENTS col1 = ... col2 = ... INTO wa.

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wa = itab[ KEY key col1 = ... col2 = ... ]. 24

Expressions Table Expressions – result ... itab[ ... ] ...

READ TABLE ... ASSIGNING ...

Performance considerations! ... VALUE type( itab[ ... ] ) ...

... REF type( itab[ ... ] ) ...

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READ TABLE ... INTO ...

READ TABLE ... REFERENCE INTO ...

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Expressions Table Expressions – chaining

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READ TABLE itab INTO DATA(wa1) INDEX 2. READ TABLE wa1-col2 INTO DATA(wa2) INDEX 1. READ TABLE wa2 INTO DATA(wa3) INDEX 2. DATA(num) = wa3-col1.

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DATA(num) = itab[ 2 ]-col2[ 1 ][ 2 ]-col1.

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Expressions Internal Tables Built-in Functions

READ TABLE itab WITH ... TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS. DATA(idx) = sy-tabix.

DATA(idx) = line_index( itab[ ... ] ).

READ TABLE itab WITH ... TRANSPORTING NO FIELDS. IF sy-subrc = 0. ... ENDIF.

IF line_exists( itab[ ... ] ). ... ENDIF.

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Expressions ABAP is Extensively Expression Enabled Skip Old Fashioned Style!

MOVE source TO target.

COMPUTE result = anything.

CALL METHOD meth EXPORTING ... RECEIVING ...

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LeftHandSide = RightHandSide.

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Expressions ABAP is Extensively Expression Enabled – Example I DATA: itab TYPE tt, wa LIKE LINE OF itab. FIELD-SYMBOLS: TYPE ts, TYPE ts.

DATA(itab) = VALUE tt( ( c1 = 7 c2 = 9 ) ( c1 = 3 c2 = 5 ) ). itab[ 1 ]-c2 = itab[

c2 = 5

]-c1.

wa-c1 = 7. wa-c2 = 9. INSERT wa INTO TABLE itab. wa-c1 = 3. wa-c2 = 5. INERT wa INTO TABLE itab. READ TABLE itab INDEX 1 ASSIGNING . READ TABLE itab WITH KEY c2 = 5 ASSIGNING . -c2 = -c1.

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Expressions ABAP is Extensively Expression Enabled – Example II

CONSTANTS id TYPE i VALUE 17.

DATA(factory) = NEW cl_factory( ). factory->service( CONV #( id ) ).

… DATA: factory TYPE REF TO cl_factory, id_string TYPE string. CREATE OBJECT factory.

Even

id_string = id. factory->service( id_string ). NEW cl_factory( )->service( CONV #( id ) ).

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Expressions ABAP is Extensively Expression Enabled – Pitfalls

Obfuscating lcl=>cm_ii( lcl=>factory2( f_in1 = lcl=>factory0( )->im_ii( i ) f_in2 = lcl=>cm_ii( 2 ** i ) - 3 + itab[ 2 ]-s-xtab[ x = 'abc' ] )->m_ii( lcl=>factory1( f_in = itab[ a = 2 b = 4711 / 2 ]-x )->m_lif_i( lcl=>cm_ii( 5 ) )->im_ii( 6 ) ) ).

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Performance itab1[ 1 ]-a = itab2[ 1 ]-x. itab1[ 1 ]-b = itab2[ 1 ]-y. itab1[ 1 ]-c = itab2[ 1 ]-z.

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Exercise - Expressions

Message Channels

Message Channels Motivation Event-driven – no polling Full-Duplex – communication in both directions Standard – integration with different UI technologies

See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket http://www.w3.org/TR/websockets

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JSON ABAP and JSON JSON Support in sXML-Library

Backported to 7.02!

JSON - JavaScript Object Notation, data format in text form for data exchange. JSON-XML - SAP-specific representation of JSON data in XML format asJSON - ABAP Serialization JSON, Canonical JSON representation for serialization/deserialization of ABAP data by transformation ID

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JSON Readers and Writers JSON to JSON-XML and Vice Versa DATA(json) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( `{"TEXT":"JSON"}` ). DATA(json_reader) = cl_sxml_string_reader=>create( json ). DATA(xml_writer) = cl_sxml_string_writer=>create( ). json_reader->next_node( ). json_reader->skip_node( xml_writer ). cl_demo_output=>display_xml( xml_writer->get_output( ) ).

DATA(xml) = cl_abap_codepage=>convert_to( `JSON` ). DATA(xml_reader) = cl_sxml_string_reader=>create( xml ). DATA(json_writer) = cl_sxml_string_writer=>create( type = if_sxml=>co_xt_json ). xml_reader->next_node( ). xml_reader->skip_node( json_writer ). cl_demo_output=>display_json( json_writer->get_output( ) ).

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JSON Transformation ID JSON to JSON-XML and Vice Versa DATA(json) = `{"TEXT":"JSON"}`. CALL TRANSFORMATION id SOURCE XML json RESULT XML DATA(xml). cl_demo_output=>display_xml( xml ).

DATA(xml) = `JSON`. DATA(json_writer) = cl_sxml_string_writer=>create( type = if_sxml=>co_xt_json ). CALL TRANSFORMATION id SOURCE XML xml RESULT XML json_writer. cl_demo_output=>display_json( json_writer->get_output( ) ).

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JSON asJSON ABAP to JSON and Vice Versa DATA(text) = `JSON`. DATA(json_writer) = cl_sxml_string_writer=>create( type = if_sxml=>co_xt_json ). CALL TRANSFORMATION id SOURCE text = text RESULT XML json_writer. cl_demo_output=>display_json( json_writer->get_output( ) ).

DATA(json) = `{"TEXT":"JSON"}`. DATA text TYPE string. CALL TRANSFORMATION id SOURCE XML json RESULT text = text. cl_demo_output=>display( text ).

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ABAP Channels ABAP Messaging Channels (AMC) and ABAP Push Channels (APC)

A P C AS ABAP Session Application Server 1

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A P C AMC

WebSocket Protocol

AS ABAP Session Application Server 2

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ABAP Channels Goal Support of Interactive and collaborative scenarios based on event-driven UIs and “real-time” web  Require exchange of messages between user sessions and user agents residing on different servers

Scope:  Push channel for full-duplex communication with user agents via WebSockets in ABAP  Publish/subscribe infrastructure for exchange of messages between user sessions and user agents residing on different servers via ABAP Messaging Channels

Session A

Session B

Session C

ABAP App Server X

ABAP App Server Y

SAP System © 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

SAP CONFIDENTIAL & INTERNAL

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ABAP Channels Characteristcs ABAP Push Channel (APC)  Integration of WebSocket (RFC 6455) into ABAP  Outlook: SAPGUI Push Channel

ABAP Messaging Channel (AMC)  Inter-Session Messaging (Pub/Sub) in ABAP  Binding AMC channels to ABAP sessions

Collaboration (AMC & APC)  Binding AMC channels to APC (WebSocket) Connections

Goal: Replace polling by event-driven approach whenever possible

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ABAP Channels ABAP Messaging Channels Enable message based communications between ABAP programs across the boundaries of application servers. CAST if_amc_message_producer_text( cl_amc_channel_manager=>create_message_producer( i_application_id = 'DEMO_AMC' i_channel_id = '/demo_text' ) )->send( i_message = ... ). cl_amc_channel_manager=>create_message_consumer( i_application_id = 'DEMO_AMC' i_channel_id = '/demo_text' )->start_message_delivery( i_receiver = receiver ). WAIT FOR MESSAGING CHANNELS UNTIL receiver->text_message IS NOT INITIAL UP TO 60 SECONDS. © 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

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ABAP Channels ABAP Push Channels – ABAP side Enable bidirectional communications between ABAP programs and the internet using the WebSocket protocol. APCs can be connected to AMCs.

METHOD if_apc_ws_extension~on_start. ... IF amc_flag = abap_true. TRY. i_context->get_binding_manager( )->bind_amc_message_consumer( i_application_id = 'DEMO_AMC' i_channel_id = '/demo_text' ). CATCH cx_apc_error INTO DATA(exc). MESSAGE exc->get_text( ) TYPE 'X'. ENDTRY. ELSE. "Default behavior ENDIF. ENDMETHOD.

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METHOD if_apc_ws_extension~on_message. ... IF amc_flag = abap_true. CAST if_amc_message_producer_text( cl_amc_channel_manager=>create_message_producer( i_application_id = 'DEMO_AMC' i_channel_id = '/demo_text' ) )->send( i_message = ... ). ELSE. DATA(message_manager) = i_message->get_context( )->get_message_manager( ). DATA(message) = message_manager->create_message( ). message->set_text( ... ). message_manager->send( message ). ENDIF.

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ABAP Channels ABAP Push Channels – Internet side

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ABAP Channels Example: Chat Exchanging of messages between user agents running in Chrome, Firefox, SAPGUI and under different user sessions Chrome

Firefox

User A

User B

SAPGUI

SAPGUI

User C

User D

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SAP CONFIDENTIAL & INTERNAL

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Demo Exercise – Message Channels

Further News

Further News Security Checks “SLIN_SEC” DATA name TYPE string. DATA customers TYPE TABLE OF scustom WITH EMPTY KEY. cl_demo_input=>request( CHANGING field = name ). DATA(cond) = `country = 'DE' AND name = '` && name && `'`. TRY. SELECT * FROM scustom INTO TABLE customers WHERE (cond). cl_demo_output=>display( customers ). CATCH cx_sy_dynamic_osql_syntax. cl_demo_output=>display( 'Wrong input' ). ENDTRY.

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Further News ABAP Doc for ABAP in Eclipse Inline Documentation of Source Code based Development Objects

F2

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Documentation See ABAP Keyword Documentation

Classic © 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.

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Documentation ABAP Keyword Documentation in Eclipse Permanent Input Field, Executable Examples

F1

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Further Information

SAP Public Web scn.sap.com/community/abap/blog/2013/07/22/abap-news-for-release-740 - ABAP 7.4 News Blog scn.sap.com/community/abap - ABAP Community help.sap.com/abapdocu_740/en - ABAP Online Documentation/Reference 7.4 scn.sap.com/docs/DOC-41566 - SCN Trail Editions: SAP NetWeaver Application Server 7.4

SAP Education and Certification Opportunities www.sap.com/education

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© 2013 SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. National product specifications may vary. These materials are provided by SAP AG and its affiliated companies ("SAP Group") for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP Group shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP Group products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and other countries. Please see http://www.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/index.epx#trademark for additional trademark information and notices.

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