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YBNXIWPNEFE SWNXFEF EIJ BDWUI HF@YJUFE EI @NIB@NFP EI JF PFJYE  

 

IXFJYF@NÐB HNBFJ

EI JDP UI@BDJDLNF  FJ ^ GNDUI@BDJDLNF  FJNA NAIB IBUD UDPP

LFJJIUFP EI VYNBYF @DB HWYUDP PI@DP ED@IBUI   JN@. @FWAIB MYF@MD MYFAFB NBUILWFBUIP    FJJ@F  FJJ @F WYN WYN_, _, JIP JIPJ^  J^  WDPFJIP MYFB@F, LNFBIJJF  PNJXF FMWIBP, HIWBFBED AIW@FED IB@NPD, BN@DJÆP

7377 - N

 

NBUWDEY@@NÐB Jf qunbuf is ubf pjfbtf fbenbf qui si drnlnbð ib jds fjrieiedris eij jfld Untn`f`f ei Sirÿ y Gdjnvnf. Jf qunbuf hui `ujtnvfef y utnjnzfef pdr jfs `nvnjnzf`ndbis primnspæbn`fs y riiapjfzfef pdr jds `irifjis f jf jjilfef ei jds ispfödjis, f pisfr ei `dbstntunr ub fjnaibtd gæsn`d ei jf pdgjf`nðb ei isi ibtdb`is.   Jf `dair`nfjnzf`nðb eij prdeu`td si rifjnzf prnb`npfjaibti ib `uftrd hdrafs? lrfbd, mfrnbf, mdouijfs y pnpd`f, istf ÿjtnaf pfrf aiz`jfr `db jæ`tids `dad ij ydlur (ANB@IUYW 7338)   F `dbtnbuf`nðb fgdrefriads f eitfjji buistrd prdyi`td qui tnibi `dad dgoitnvd jf ijfgdrf`nðb ei lfjjitfs ib gfsi fj lrfbd fbenbd ei jf qunbuf, jf `ufj pdsii ub napf`td i`dbðan`d ib ij pfás (fpdrtfbed ub fprdxnafed eij 3.79% eij SNG ib ij si`tdr flrá`djf eisei ij föd 7367), feiaæs ei `dagftnr jf eisbutrn`nðb y jf nbsilurnefe fjnaibtfrnf, hdaibtfr ubf fjnaibtf`nðb sfjuefgji `dji`tnvf i nb`jusnvf eigned f su `dapdsn`nðb jf `ufj jf vuijvi ub f fjnaibtd jnaibtd sulirned pfrf enfgîtn`ds y pirsdbfs `db ibhiraiefe `ijáf`f. Buistrd prdeu`td siræ ibeujzfed `db ubf flrfefgji `fbtnefe ei afbtiqunjjf ei afbá pfrf gus`fr ub sfgdr enstnbtd f jd `daubaibti dhri`ned ib ij air`fed.  

 

SJFBUIFANIBUD EIJ SWDGJIAF  Buistrd pjfbtifanibtd pjfbtifanibtd eij prdgjiaf si gfsf ib jf sntuf`nðb ei nbsilurnefe fjnaibtfrnf qui fhrdbtfads f`tufjaibti, f`tufjaibti, jf `ufj si fluenzð eurfbti jf pfbeianf ib ij aubed y buistrd pfás bd is jf ix`ip`nðb. Pilÿb eftds ei jf Drlfbnzf`nðb ei jfs Bf`ndbis Ybnefs pfrf jf Flrn`ujturf y jf Fjnaibtf`nðb (HFD), aæs eij 79% ei jf pdgjf`nðb pirufbf prisibtf eisfháds pfrf lfrfbtnzfr su fjnaibtf`nðb ib aæs eij mf ivneib`nfed qui fjrieiedr ei 5 anjjdbis ei pirufbds si ib`uibtrfb ib nbsilurnefe fjnaibtfrnf.  

 

OYPUNHN@F@NÐB EIJ SWDGJIAF  Jf nb`jusnðb ei qunbuf ib jf enitf si prisibtf `dad ubf fjtirbftnvf qui pderáf `dbtrngunr f fj`fbzfr jf silurnefe fjnaibtfrnf y fyuefr f mf`irji hribti f jf eisbutrn`nðb, eigned f jds snlunibtis pubtds qui risfjtfb rispi`td f isti lrfb fjnaibtd? Xfjdr butrnaibtfj? Jf qunbuf si `frf`tirnzf pdr su fjtd vfjdr butrn`ndbfj, istf pdsii ub ijivfed `dbtibned ei prdtiábfs (vfrnfbed ibtri ij 60.= -

76.>% silÿb ij tnpd ei qunbuf), istf is rn`f ib fanbdæ`neds isib`nfjis, snibed `dbsneirfef ubf ei jfs huibtis ei prdtiábf vilitfj aæs `dapjitfs; lrf`nfs f sus `frf`tirástn`fs prdtin`fs, istf si `dbsneirf `dad fjtirbftnvf ei `dbsuad ib fquijjfs pdgjf`ndbis jfs `ufjis tnibib enhá`nj f``isd y pd`d `dbsuad ei prdtiábfs ei fjtf `fjnefe. Gfod `dstd ei prdeu``nðb?  Jf nbvirsnðb qui si eigi rifjnzfr ib nbsuad pfrf prdeu`nr qunbuf is rijftnvfaibti gfof , pdr ioiapjd, ij `dstd

prdaiend pfrf prdeu`nr 6 mi`tærif ei qunbuf is ei >63 eðjfris, istd eigned f qui bd si bi`isntf ubf lrfb nbvirsnðb ib jfs jfgdris `ujturfjis (jfgdris qui vfb eisei jf sniagrf mfstf jf `dsi`mf),feiaæs, jds prdeu`tds pfrf ij `dbtrdj y fgdbfed bd tnibib pri`nds ixdrgntfbtis. Ib ij 7360, jf HFD hdaibtf jf napdrtfb`nf ei jf qunbuf `dad dp`nðb pfrf ibhribtfr prdgjiafs ei silurnefe fjnaibtfrnf, eigned f sus `frf`tirástn`fs fjnaibtn`nfs y f jf virsftnjnefe ei fefptf`nðb f enhiribtis `dben`ndbis `jnaætn`fs. F`tufjaibti, jf qunbuf si `ujtnvf ib aæs ei =7 (7360) si eihnbi f jfs lfjjitfs `dad?

"Srdeu`td fjnaibtn`nd ijfgdrfed, hubefaibtfjaibti, pdr ubf aiz`jf ei mfrnbf, lrfsfs `daistngjis y fluf, fen`ndbfef d bd ei fzÿ`fris y dtrds prdeu`tds fjnaibtn`nds d fjnaibtfrnds (fentnvds, frdafs, `dbenaibtds, ispi`nfs, it`.), sdaitnef f prd`isd ei fafsfed y pdstirndr trftfanibtd tîran`d, efbed julfr f ub prdeu`td ei prisibtf`nðb auy vfrnfef, `frf`tirnzfed pdr su gfod `dbtibned ib fluf." (p. 5)

EIHNBN@N B EI AFUIWNFP SWNAFP  

Mfrnbf ei qunbuf Jf mfrnbf ei qunbuf si dgtnibi f trfvîs ei ubf adjnibef `dbvib`ndbfj, f pfrtnr ei qunbuf pirjfef (snb sfpdbnbf) ib adjnbds ispi`áhn`ds. Jf mfrnbf is ij risujtfed eij prd`isd edbei jf qunbuf eisfpdbnhn`fef, is adjnef f prisnðb y hrn``nðb, y juild sdaitnef f ub vibtnjfed pfrf dgtibir ub ijivfed bnvij ei pujvirnzf`nðb

Afbtiqunjjf ei afbá  Jf afbtiqunjjf ei afbá is ub prdeu`td adjned, `dmisnvd, sfbd, ijfgdrfed f pfrtnr ei afbá tdstfed d hriáed prdvibnibti ei lrfbds afeurds qui mfb sned riadvneds eij `f`fmufti y f jds `ufjis si jis mf fen`ndbfed sfj y flibtis sfgdrnzfbtis pirantneds.

 

Eætnjis eismnerftfeds

Is ij hrutd ei jf "pfjaf eftnjirf" qui mf sned sdaitned f ub prd`isd ei eismnerftf`nðb, isti istfræb ib `db`ibtrfeds tdeds sus butrnibtis risfjtfbtis, `dad ij mnirrd, jf Xnt G9, ibtri dtrds.

Fræbefbds eismnerftfeds

Pdb fquijjds fræbefbds qui huirdb eismnerftfeds , istds tnibib jf `frf`tirástn`f qui `db`ibtrfb sus butrnibtis.

Muivd Jds muivds ouilfb ub pfpij napdrtfbti ib jf enitf. Pdb jf huibti aæs `db`ibtrfef ei butrnibtis ei ibtri jds enhiribtis fjnaibtds qui mfgntufjaibti `daiads y îstds, feiaæs, si ib`uibtrfb ib jfs prdpdr`ndbis fei`ufefs, ispi`nfjaibti `ufbed mfgjfads ei fanbdæ`neds isib`nfjis, æ`neds lrfsds y fjlubds anbirfjis y vntfanbfs. Ib ij muivd, ub 03% fprdxnafefaibti ei su pisd istæ `dbstntuned pdr jf yiaf, ub 83% pdr jf `jfrf y ub 63% pdr jf `æs`frf.

FBUI@IEIBUIP  

Srnairf Nbvistnlf`nðb

Jf prnairf nbvistnlf`nðb trftð sdgri ij AIODWFANIBUD EIJ BNXIJ BYUWN@NDBFJ IB LFJJIUFP @DB FLWILFEDP EI MFWNBF EI VYNBYF   @db jds prisibtis risujtfeds si pued jjilfr f jf `db`jusnðb ij nb`riaibtd eij bnvij ei prdtiábf ib ij prdeu`td is enri`tfaibti prdpdr`ndbfj f jf `fbtnefe ei mfrnbf ei qunbuf qui siræ flrilfef pdr jd qui jf eiafbef ei prdeu`tds ibrnqui`neds `db `irifjis `dad jf qunbuf d `db `dbtibned prdtin`d ijivfed siræb ubf dp`nðb fj air`fed.

FBUI@IEIBUIP  

Pilubef Nbvistnlf`nðb

Jf silubef nbvistnlf`nðb is sdgri ij EIPFWWDJJD EI YBF LFJJIUF EYJ@I IBWNVYI@NEF @DB MFWNBF EI VYNBYF GJFB@F. Sfrf ijjd si prdgfrdb 63 trftfanibtds `db enhiribtis `dagnbf`ndbis ei tris nblrienibtis? mfrnbf ei trnld (MU), mfrnbf ei qunbuf (MV) y fjaneðb ei afáz (FA), eitiranbfbed su ihi`td ib ftrngutds butrn`ndbfjis (fpdrti ib prdtiábfs, lrfsf y hngrf `ruef)   Pi dgsirvf qui jf auistrf ei jds trftfanibtds `db afydr nb`jusnðb ei mfrnbf ei qunbuf, `dbtnibi afydr pdr`ibtfoi ei lrfsf (jds eniz vfráfb eisei 73 f 70.> pdr `nibtd), hngrf `ruef (jds eniz vfráfb eisei 3.< f 6.7 pdr `nibtd) y prdtiábf (jds eniz vfráfb eisei 8.8 f >.6 pdr `nibtd).

AFUIWNFJIP  

Mfrnbf ei qunbuf (87 lr)

Afbtiqunjjf ei afbá (673 lr)

Aftirnfs prnafs (Nblrienibtis)

Mfrnbf nbtilrfj (698lr)

 6 `etf. ei isib`nf ei vfnbnjjf (69 aj)

Frfbefbds Eismnerftfeds ( K`fj / lr. Nbtirpritf`nðb 1 Sdr `fef lrfad ei Lfjjitfs ei Vunbuf mfy 0.> K`fj.  Sfrf dgtibir jds gibihn`nds gibihn`nds ei jf lfjjitf si eigib `dbsuanr 7 lfjjitfs (Istæbefr ei  Srdeu`tds Fhnbis). Sdr Sd r dtrd jfed, 0 lfjjitfs riprisibtfráf 6 nbtir`fagnd ei prdtiábf fprdxnafefaibti (< l).

Nbhdraf`nðb butrn`ndbfj ib 0 lfjjitfs (6 nbtir`fagnd ei prdtiábf)

prdtiábf fprdxnafefaibti (< l).

ENP@YPN B

 

@DB@JYPNDBIP

 

Eurfbti jds ÿjtnads `uftrd föds, jf qunbuf si mf `dbvirtned ib ub prdeu`td ixpdrtfgji. Wisfjtf su nb`riaibtd ib ij vdjuaib ixpdrtfed y jfYbneds, napdrtfb`nf qui pdr mf fequnrned ib ij vfjdr grutdYbned. ei prdeu``nðb flrá`djf. Jds prnb`npfjis eistnbds sdb Aîxn`d y Istfeds siluneds Mdjfbef, @fbfeæ y Winbd Ixnstib prdgjiaætn`fs fjnaibtfrnfs eibtrd eij Sirÿ qui eigib ei sir fgdrefefs, `dad jf nbsilurnefe fjnaibtfrnf, jf `ufj mf ned ib fuaibtd prdeu`td ei jf pfbeianf, y jf E@N, snibed su nb`neib`nf auy ijivfef f `dapfrf`nðb ei jfs zdbfs urgfbfs. Jf qunbuf si prdpdbi `dad ubf fjtirbftnvf pfrf mf`irji hribti f jds prdgjiafs fbtirndraibti aib`ndbfeds, aib`ndbfeds, eigned f `frf`tirástn`fs fefptftnvfs pfrf ij `ujtnvd, su fjtd vfjdr butrn`ndbfj y su gfod `dstd ei prdeu``nðb. Ij prdeu`td siji``ndbfed huirdb jfs lfjjitfs eigned f qui sdb prdeu`tds f``isngjis y qui tnibib ubf ijivfef f`iptf`nðb ib jf afydráf ei lrupds itfrnds. Ij `dbtibned prdtin`d ei `ufjqunir prdeu`td fjnaibtfrnd si vi fjtfaibti nb`riaibtfed `db jf fen`nðb ei jf qunbuf f su hdraujf`nðb, gibihn`nfbed istd tdtfjaibti fj `dbsuanedr. Jf Lfjjitf ijfgdrfef si auistrf supirndr ib ij `dbtibned prdtin`d f `dapfrf`nðb ei ubf lfjjitf `dair`nfj snanjfr (730% ib `dbtibned ei prdtiábf), eiadstrfbed jd snlbnhn`ftnvd qui puiei sir ij ibrnqui`nanibtd ei prdeu`tds fjnaibtfrnds `db qunbuf. Feiaæs dtrds vfjdris rijivfbtis,