Crain's Petrophysical Handbook - What is a Well Log
December 23, 2016 | Author: Don MacDougall | Category: N/A
Short Description
Petrophysics and well logs information...
Description
1/9/2015
Crain's Petrophysical Handbook Whar Is A Well Log?
WELCOME TO CRAIN'S PETROPHYSICAL HANDBOOK Please be fair to the author. Pay your Shareware Fee HERE and receive a copy of CPH by download.
WHAT IS A LOG? This Page
Logging Basics
Log Types
Log Scales
Log Layouts
See Also
Integration
Analysis Basics
Courses
Site Map
LOGGING BASICS Well logging is the process of recording various physical, chemical, electrical, or other properties of the rock/fluid mixtures penetrated by drilling a borehole into the earth's cruste. A log is a record of a voyage, similar to a ship's log or a travelog. In this case, the ship is a measuring instrument of some kind, and the trip is taken into and out of the wellbore. In its most usual form, an oil well log is a record displayed on a graph with the measured physical property of the rock on one axis and depth (distance from a nearsurface reference) on the other axis. More than one property may be displayed on the same graph. Well logs are recorded in nearly all oil and gas wells and in many mineral and geothermal exploration and development wells. Although useful in evaluating water wells, few are run for this purpose.
https://www.spec2000.net/01whatisalog.htm
1/16
1/9/2015
Crain's Petrophysical Handbook Whar Is A Well Log?
The traditional well log is a record of various measurements of the physical properties of rocks recorded versus depth (left side of illustration). Each wiggly line is a log curve, representing a particular roc property. More recently, imaging logs have appeared in which colour and position versus depth are used to display data in more intuitive formats (right half of illustration). None of the logs actually measure the physical properties that are of most interest to us, such as how much oil or gas is in the ground, or how much is being produced. Such important knowledge can only be derived, from the measured properties listed in the box on the left (and others), using a number of assumptions which, if true, will give reasonable estimates of hydrocarbon or mineral resources. Thus, analysis of log and related laboratory data is required. The art and science of log analysis is mainly directed at reducing a large volume of data to more manageable results, and reducing the possible error in the assumptions and in the results based on them. When log analysis is combined with other physical https://www.spec2000.net/01whatisalog.htm
2/16
1/9/2015
Crain's Petrophysical Handbook Whar Is A Well Log?
measurements on the rocks, such as core analysis or petrographic data, the work is called petrophysics or petrophysical analysis. The results of the analysis are called petrophysical properties or mappable reservoir properties. The petrophysical analysis is said to be “calibrated” when the porosity, fluid saturation, and permeability results compare favourably with core analysis data. Further confirmation of petrophysical properties is obtained by production tests of the reservoir intervals. The use of well logs for evaluating mineral deposits other than oil and gas, such as coal, potash, uranium, and hard rock sequences has been practiced since the early 1930’s and is widespread today. Although the vast majority of logs are run to evaluate oil and gas wells, an increased number are being run for other purposes, including evaluation of geothermal energy and ground water. A large portion of this Handbook is aimed at oil and gas, but the other topics are not ignored. Most Chapters apply to both hydrocarbon and mineral exploration. When logs are used for purposes other than evaluation of oil and gas, they are often called geophysical logs instead of well logs. The science is called borehole geophysics instead of petrophysics. This difference is merely a matter of semantics and training. The theory doesn't change just the nomenclature, and sometimes the emphasis. To perform a logging operation, the measuring instrument, often called a probe or sonde, is lowered into the borehole on the end of an insulated electrical cable. The cable provides power to the downhole equipment. Additional wires in the cable carry the recorded measurement back to the surface. The cable itself is used as the depth measuring device, so that properties measured by the tools can be related to particular depths in the borehole.
View more...
Comments