CPC 100 Training Course Agenda
Abdulla Hakeem
[email protected]
18 March 2014
Agenda of the training course (CPC100) > Safety of the CPC 100 Training course
> CPC 100 Hardware > CPC 100 Basic Operations
> CPC 100 Tool Set (Start Page) > CPC 100: CT Testing
> Power Transformer Diagnostics - Introduction > Power Transformer Testing with CPC 100
> Primary Test Manager (PTM)
Safety of the CPC 100 course
Abdulla Hakeem
[email protected]
18 March 2014
General Safety Information's
• Read the reference manual carefully! Only trained personnel is allowed to operate the CPC 100 • Work in accordance with the general and local safety regulations (DIN EN 50191, VDE104...)
• Always follow the five safety rules! • Important: You are responsible for safety!
Working with CPC 100
• IMPORTANT: Connect CPC100 ground terminal securely to a location near the device BEFORE testing! • In case of DANGER press the EMERGENCY stop button • Before touching any terminals or connecting / disonnecting wires, check the warning lights on the front panel of the CPC 100 • Lock the device with the safety key lock when you leave the CPC unattended!
The five safety rules
Important! Switching off the HV in the substation and the grounding procedure is the job of the utility personnel!
• Isolate • Protect against re-connecting • Check isolation • Earth and short circuit • Cover neighbouring live parts
Safety Briefing for Training
> Please read the safety instructions carefully and sign it afterwards
CPC 100 Hardware
Abdulla Hakeem
[email protected]
18 March 2014
CPC 100 – The Facts
> 4,8 kVA maximum power > 800 A AC > 400 A DC > 2 kV AC
> Variable Frequency 15 Hz – 400 Hz
> Frequency selective measurement > Complex measurement
> Easy Data processing > Main Weight: 29 kg
Left hand side
Front Panel Binary Input Lock
AC Output
LEDs for easy connection
Warning Lights
DC Output Emergency Button
Measurement Inputs
Right hand side
Serial Port (CP TD1, CP SB1)
Safety Port
USB Port (Only for Flash memory)
Connection to a PC
Block Diagram of the CPC 100 Ext. Booster
500 V 500 V
2 kV
500 V 500 V 4 A 500 V 1 kV 2 A 2 kV 1 A 65 V
130 V / 6 A AC
65 V
Outputs
Filter / Rectifier / Converter
3.1 A Data Processing
6.3 A
65 V / 6 A DC
6 V / 800 A AC 5 V / 400 A DC 300 V AC 3 V AC 10 A AC / DC 10 V DC BIN IN
Inp.
Mains
Kelvin clamps: 4 wire measurement
Contact resistances
V
Ztest A
Kelvin clamps: 4-wire measurement RContact A
VContact VTest
V
ZTest VContact RContact
RContact A
VContact VTest
ZTest
V
VContact RContact
CPC 100 Basic Operations
Abdulla Hakeem
[email protected]
18 March 2014
Test Card and Test Procedure Test Card
Test Procedure = saved in one xml-file
Test Card Functions
Front Panel View Selector Keys
Context depending soft keys
Add new test card
Switch between test cards
Start / Stop test Navigating
View Selector Keys
Test Card View
File Operations View
Test Procedure View
Settings View • Language • Date / Time • IP Configuration • Contrast • etc.
File Operations
xmt-files hier noch xmt und xml files aufmachen, noch ein paar ordner mehr.... auto save file rein!!
Settings View → Device Setup → Autosave:
Test Card: Quick Test current / voltage Output
Frequency Assessment OK
2 measured values
Actual value
Failed
Calculated value
Device temperature
Quick Card: Measurement Options
sel: frequency selective measurement CT / VT / Clamp: measurement via CT / VT / clamp CPC Out: internal measurement (AC 800A, DC 400A, AC 2KV)
f: frequency measurement
Frequency selective measurement 0 dB
U Interference Injection
-60 dB 50 Hz
f Shifted Injection
0 dB
U
-60 dB 50 Hz
70 Hz
f
Interpolation to 50 Hz Example: Line impedance measurement with parallel live system
Measurement via CT, VT or clamp
Choose Input
Set Calculation Factor
Quick Card: Calculation Options
Measurement: 2 voltages or 2 currents
Measurement: 1 voltage and 1 current
Impedance
• Bin/Time (Trigger Event) • Ratio (for 1A and 5A sec. current) • Diff (Difference between two measurements)
Power
Sequencer: Test Card
Define sequence
Similar to Quick Card
V, I, f 90 V
60 V 30 V
2s
4s
State 1 State 2
9s
State 3
t
Comment: Test Card
ASCII-coded txt-file
CPC 100 Tool Set (Start Page)
Abdulla Hakeem
[email protected]
18 March 2014
CPC 100 Start Page
Double click on desktop symbol Main Section Tools
Templates
Main Section
Software Version
Connected Device Version 2.00 (Build 1246) Version 2.00 (1246)
Firmware Version
Phrase Editor
Phrase Editor
Display of CPC 100
One line = one phrase Transfer button
Two possibilities: 1) Edit phrases in Phrase Editor 2) Edit phrases in Notepad, save as .txt and import
Tools
> Primary Test Manager (PTM) > CPC Editor > Allows Test Procedure and Test Card View on the PC > For easy and convenient preparation of test cards and templates
> Display test report > .xml-file is transfered to Word or HTML format
> CPC Excel File Loader > Converts .xml-files (CPC 100 data) to Excel
> OMICRON Device Browser (ODB) > Access to OMICRON Device via PC
CPC Editor
Main Page
Settings
Test Procedure View
Test Card View
OMICRON Device Browser (ODB)
Display test report
Right click on .xml-file
CPC Excel File Loader Welcome: Load .xml-file Overview: List of all Test Cards Other Tabs: One Tab = One Test Card
Test Templates
Transfer templates to CPC 100
filtered by language and frequency
Help CPC 100 Template Excel Template
Template Workflow
.xmt
measure & save
Computer
1) 2) 3) 4)
CPC 100
load
equal
.xml
.xlt
save
.xlsm
Open Template on the CPC 100 from the Template folder (.xmt) Perform measurement and save (.xml) Open the corresponding Excel Template (.xlt) from Start Page Load the saved .xml-file and save the excel report (.xlsm)
Structure of a Template Predefined report sheets: • Further calculation • Added Diagrams • Presentable Design for Report
Structure of Excel File Loader
CPC 100: CT Testing
Abdulla Hakeem
[email protected]
18 March 2014
CT Test Cards
CT Ration (and Burden): Setup
P1
800 A AC
Burden
1S1 1S2 2S1 P2 2S2 A ALL other secondary windings must be closed!!!
I AC/DC
V V1 AC
Voltage measurement is optional!
CT Ratio (and Burden): Test Card
Nameplate data
Test Current
Measurement results
2 BurdenVA Z I sec, nominal
Vsec,measured 2 I sec,nominal I sec,measured
Connection: CP CB2 CPC 100
High-current cable with a plug on one end and a clamp on the other end
1)
Connection cable CP CB2↔CPC 100 Current booster CP CB2
2)
CP CB2: 1000A and 2000A mode
2000 A mode
1000 A mode
CTBurden: Setup
P1
800 A AC
1S2 2S1 P2 2S2
Burden
1S1
CTBurden: Test Card
nominal secondary current
Test stops automatically
test current & test frequency
2 BurdenVA Z I sec, nominal
Vsec,measured 2 I sec,nominal I sec,measured
CTExcitation: Setup
P1
1S2 CT
2S1
Burden
1S1
2S2 P2
High voltage at the output!!
CTExcitation: Test Card
frequency
value of each measurement point
Standard for kneepoint determination
kneepoint data
Demagnetisation function
CTEcxitation: Adjust Scaling
3
1
2 Adjust scaling
Bad scaling
Adjusted scaling
RWinding: Setup
P1
1S2 CT
2S1
Burden
1S1
2S2 P2
Attention!!: • DO NOT interrupt the current path!! • ONLY use the RWinding Test Card!!
RWinding: Current profile
R-displayed Rmax
Dev. Rmin
Δt = 10 s
Dev. Rmax Rmin
time
RWinding: Test Card Test is stopped automatically if Dev. < 0,1 %
Rmin
0,2mV I test
Rmax
Measurement
Rmeas.
Actual deviation
VDC I DC
Rref . Rmeas.
10V I test
Main measuring time
235 Tref . 235 Tmeas.
(IEC 60076-1)
PolCheck: Setup
P1 AC 800A
CT
1S1 S1 1S2 S2
S1 S2
P1 green LED
red LED
PolCheck: Test Card
Intermittent mode
Assessment for each test point
CTRatioV: Setup
W
V
U
• Short-circuit all terminals of other windings • Shorten remaining phases and neutral
N
CTRatioV: Test Card
Nameplate data
2 Vtest Vknee 3
Test is stopped automatically
f test f mains
Measurement results
Ratio
I prim I sec
Vsec V prim
CT Templates
> Accuracy Limiting Factor (ALF) > ALF is calculated from > Winding resistance > Excitation > Burden (nominal or operating)
> Automated assessment for the protection class
> Comprehensive CT Test Report (3-phase CT Test) > > > > >
Polarity Ratio Burden Winding Resistance Excitation (Kneepoint) > Table and Diagram
Power Transformer Diagnostics - Introduction
Abdulla Hakeem
[email protected]
18 March 2014
Transformer Breakdowns
Accessories
Vessel & Oil
Core
Bushing
Winding
Tap Changer
Sources of faults in Transformers
Source: Cigre_WG 12-05 „An international survey on failures in large power transformers in service“, Electra No. 88, 1983
Insulation strength
Condition and Time based maintenance
New condition
Condition based maintenance Diagnostic level Time based maintenance Operating stress
Time
Condition based maintenance requires reliable diagnostic tools
Possible Impacts by lack of maintenance • • • • • • • • • • • •
Baseline data not recorded Problems during warranty period not detected OLTC contacts wear Oil oxidation begins Fan and Pump bearing wear Visible effects of weathering and UV Oil decay products affect paper insulation Miss oportunity to intercept accelerated ageing Oxidation and hydrolysis enters accelerated ageing state OLTC and bushing failure rates increase Dielectric withstand diminishes Expensive failure (bushing, OLTC)
Life of the Transformer
Maintenance Intervals
Action
Task Interval Light
Regular
Remark Intensive
Visit
6m
1m
1d
In service
Detailed inspection (visual)
1y
3m
2w
In service
DGA
2y
1y
3m
Task interval may differ with monitoring
Oil Test
6y
2y
1y
Cooling system cleaning
Conditional
Conditional
Any interval
Outage may be required
Accessories verification
12 y or conditional
6-8 y
1-2 y
Outage required
Electrical basic tests
Conditional
Conditional
Any interval
Outage required
Insulation tests (DF)
Conditional
6-8 y
2-4 y
Outage required
OLTC inspection
12 y
6-8 y
4y
Diagnostic Techniques Type of Problem Magnetic Circuit Integrity Magnetic Circuit Insulation Winding Geometry
Winding/Bushing/OLTC Continuity Winding/Bushing Insulation Winding Turn to Turn Insulation
Diagnostic Technique Basic Electrical
Winding Ratio
x
Winding Resistance Magnetisation Current
x x
Capacitance and DF/PF
x x
x
Leakage Reactance x
x
Core Ground Test
Advanced Electrical
x
x
Insulation Resistance
x
Frequency Response of Stray Losses Frequency Response Analysis
x
x x
x x
Polarisation/Depolarisation
x
Frequency Domain Spectroscopy
x
Recovery Voltage Method
x
Electrical Detection of PD
x
x
Acoustical detection of PD
x
x
UHF Detection of PD
x
x
Dissolved Gas Analysis
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Overview: Transformer Measurements
> Turns Ratio + Exciting Current > Winding Resistance (Dynamic and Static)
CPC 100
> Short Circuit Impedance (+FRSL) > C & DF (Winding, Bushing and Oil sample)
CPC 100 + CP TD1
> Moisture Determination in liquid and solid insulation (DIRANA) > Frequency Response Analysis (FRAnalyzer) > Partial Discharge (MPD 600)
Power Transformer Testing with CPC 100
Abdulla Hakeem
[email protected]
18 March 2014
Power Transformer Test Cards
Ratio and excitation current measurement: Motivation
> Detectable failures > Shorted winding sections or turns > Core faults (shorted laminations)
> Indication > Tripping of the buchholz relays > Incorrect DGA
> Comment > Do not perform winding resistance tests before this test
TRRatio (per Tap): Setup
High voltage at the output!!
Do not perform the resistance measurement before the Ratio test!
TRRatio (per Tap): Vector Group 1. Example: YNd5
V
u
Corresponding pairs are in parallel!
w W
U
v
2. Example: Dy5 V
u
w U
W
Alternative: Look up the connection in the User Manual.
v
No parallel pairs: -> Shorten 2 terminals
TRRatio (per Tap): Test Card nominal ratio (3-phase)
nominal ratio (1-phase)
Test Voltage
Options for CP SB1
magnitude
phase
to Settings (ratio table)
V prim Vsec
Deviation from nominal ratio (1-phase)
TRRatio (per Tap): Test Card Settings
CP SB1 Options manage Taps
back to Main Page nominal voltage
Transformer Ratio: Template
TRRatio + Exciting Current: Interpretation
> TRRatio: > meaurement is OK if ± 0,5 % from nominal ratio
> Exciting current: > difference between the outer phases: +/- 5 % > results of middle phase could be up to 30 % lower
Resistance Measurement: Motivation
> Detectable Failures > Static resistance measurement > Bad internal contacts (diverter switch and tap selector switch contacts, connection clamps) > Short circuits between conductors of a winding > Damaged conductor (due to overheating, mechanical stress during fault)
> Dynamic Resistance measurement > Bad, bouncing contacts in the OLTC > Checks, if the OLTC is operating without interruption
> Indication > High internal temperatures > DGA
Resistance Measurement: Setup
A
a
B
b
C N
c n
RWinding: Current profile
I
R-displayed Rmax
Dev. Rmin
Δt = 10 s
Dev. Rmax Rmin
time
RWinding: Test Card Test is stopped automatically if Dev. < 0,1 %
Rmin
0,2mV I test
Rmax
Measurement
Rmeas.
Actual deviation
VDC I DC
Rref . Rmeas.
10V I test
Main measuring time
235 Tref . 235 Tmeas.
(IEC 60076-1)
OLTC Principle
Tap Selector
Tap Selector
Diverter Switch
Diverter Switch
Commutating Resistors
R A
B
1. Step: Tap Selector changes tap position
Commutating Resistors
R A
B
2. Step: Diverter Switch moves from A to B
Definition of Ripple and Slope
TR Tap Check: Test Card choose Settings to edit
Dynamic Resistance
Measurement
to settings smallest deviation
Rref . Rmeas.
235 Tref . 235 Tmeas.
TR Tap Check: Test Card Settings
CP SB1 options
back to main page
Transformer Tap Changer: Template
Winding Resistance, Ripple and Slope: Interpretation
> Maximum difference of 1 % to factory test report (values corrected to 75 °C) > Difference between phases < 3 % > The behavior of ripple and slope of the 3 phases for up is similar
> The behavior of ripple and slope of the 3 phases for down is similar
Slope
Ripple
18,0% 16,0% 14,0% 12,0% 10,0% 8,0% 6,0% 4,0% 2,0% 0,0% 000
0,0A/s
A UP A DOWN B UP B DOWN C UP C DOWN
005
010
015 Taps
020
025
030
-2,0A/s
A UP A DOWN B UP B DOWN C UP C DOWN
-4,0A/s -6,0A/s -8,0A/s -10,0A/s -12,0A/s 000
005
010
015 Taps
020
025
030
CP SB1 Hardware
Transformer
CPC 100
Tests performed by CP SB1: • Ratio • Winding Resistance • OLTC test
CP SB1 Setup
Short Circuit Impedance – Leakage Reactance + FRSL
Z
A V
Short Circuit Impedance – Leakage Rectance
Transformer
FRSL
15
50
2 different measurements:
> Three-phase equivalent test (Short Circuit Impedance) > Per phase test (For Winding Diagnosis)
400
f
Equivalent Circuit: Neglection of the core
L1
R1AC
R1DC
L2
Lm n1:n2
R2AC
R2DC
RFe
Lm || RFe L2 R2 AC R2 DC Core can be neglected!
L1
R1AC
R1DC
L2
R2AC
R2DC
Setup: Three-phase equivalent test Measure all combinations: • H1-H2 • H2-H3 • H3-H1
Short-circuit all 3 phases Use a big cross-section for low resistance!!
Setup: Per phase test Measure all 3 combinations according to ratio measurement!
Inject according to Short-circuit only the ratio measurement corresponding terminals! According to ratio measurement.
TR Short Circuit Impedance – Leakage Reactance: CPC Template > TR Data: Comment Test Card > Add Transformer Data for Comparison
> 3 Phase Test: Comment Test Card > Connection Scheme for 3-phase test
> Zk AB, Zk BC and Zk AC: Sequencer Test Cards > Test Cards for 3-phase tests
> Per-Phase Test: Comment Test Card > Connection Scheme for per-phase test
> Zk A, Zk B and Zk C: Sequencer Test Cards > Test Cards for per-phase test
> Version: Comment Test Card
TR Short Circuit Impedance – Leakage Reactance: Excel Template > Calculation of Zk > Comparison with data from 3-phase factory test with W-Meter > Consideration wether Injection on HV- or LV-side > Consideration of Vector Group
> Rk(f) > 3 x three-phase equivalent test in one diagram > 3 x per phase test in one diagram > Deviation limits for ΔLk and ΔRk
> Lk(f) > Same structure as Rk(f)
Interpretation: Short Circuit Impedance
> Measured value should not differ more than 2 % from factory value > Difference between phases is usually less than 2 %
Interpretation: FRSL yes
no
Reference results available?
Comparison with reference results yes ΔL (%)
0 - 0,5
ΔR (%)
and 0-5
0,5 – 1,0
> 1,0
or
or
5 - 10
> 10
yes
Comparison with nameplate impedance No FRSL diagnostic
0-1,5 and
ΔR (%)
0 - 10
no
Transformer in its Tank?
Comparison between phases
ΔL (%)
no
3-Phase-Transformer?
Comparison between phases
1,5 - 2,5 or 10 - 15 or Rb > Ra or Rb > Rc
> 2,5 or > 15
ΔL (%)
0-1,5 and
ΔR (%)
0-5
1,5 - 2,5 or 5 -10
> 2,5 or > 10
Case Study: FRSL (Description)
After gaz production and analysis which indicated a hot spot involving paper: > Turns Ratio was correct > Excitation current was normal > DC resistance was normal
> Comparison between Short Circuit Impedances was normal (less than 3 %)
Case Study: FRSL (Assessment)
Primary Test Manager (PTM) Abdulla Hakeem
[email protected]
18 March 2014
Transformer Test Types
1. DGA/Oil Screen 2. Standard Electrical Test 3. Advanced Diagnostic Test 4. SFRA
5. DFR 6. IR Covered by the Primary Test Manager (PTM)
7. Partial Discharge
109
Starting PTM
1
2
© OMICRON
Page 110
Welcome Screen
Settings
1
2
Connected Products
Workflow
© OMICRON
Page 111
3
4
Settings
1
© OMICRON
Page 112
Structure Define a Location
Define a Transformer
Overview: All Locations, Transformers, Jobs and Reports
Execute a Measurement
© OMICRON
Page 113
Define a Job
Create a Report
Location 1
2
1
New Transformer
© OMICRON
2
Page 114
Transformer Data Main Transformer Data
Tap Changer Data
Bushing Data
Surge Arrester Data
Must be filled in
Settings for Vector Group
© OMICRON
Page 115
Tap Changer OLTC or DETC
Located: HV or LV Tap Scheme
No. of Taps Calculation of Tap Voltage
© OMICRON
Page 116
Job I 1 2
Kind of Test
Selection of Test: On / Off
Test already executed? Yes / No
Assessment: Test Failed / Passed
© OMICRON
Page 117
Job II > 1. Info (Administration Data) > > > >
Job Number Tester Date etc.
> 2. Conditions > > > >
Weather Humidity Temperature etc.
> 3. Tap Changer State
© OMICRON
Page 118
Measurement Available Tests
Red Flashing during Operation
Test specific Data
© OMICRON
Wiring Diagram
Note: Measurement has to be started from the CPC Page 119
Report
Main Data
Measured Data
Diagrams
© OMICRON
Page 120
Advantages with PTM > Intuitive user interface
> Better preparation of the tests > Easy to enter Vector Group and Tap Changer data > Bread Crumb Navigation
> Better administration of the measured data > Fully automized generation of test reports
> Remote operation via PC > Measurement is executed via the PC (Final Initialization from CPC)
> PTM offers connection diagrams
© OMICRON
Page 121
Thank you for your attention!
Questions? 18 March 2014
