CPC full training material.pdf

CPC 100 Training Course Agenda

Abdulla Hakeem [email protected]

18 March 2014

Agenda of the training course (CPC100) > Safety of the CPC 100 Training course

> CPC 100 Hardware > CPC 100 Basic Operations

> CPC 100 Tool Set (Start Page) > CPC 100: CT Testing

> Power Transformer Diagnostics - Introduction > Power Transformer Testing with CPC 100

> Primary Test Manager (PTM)

Safety of the CPC 100 course

Abdulla Hakeem [email protected]

18 March 2014

General Safety Information's

• Read the reference manual carefully! Only trained personnel is allowed to operate the CPC 100 • Work in accordance with the general and local safety regulations (DIN EN 50191, VDE104...)

• Always follow the five safety rules! • Important: You are responsible for safety!

Working with CPC 100

• IMPORTANT: Connect CPC100 ground terminal securely to a location near the device BEFORE testing! • In case of DANGER press the EMERGENCY stop button • Before touching any terminals or connecting / disonnecting wires, check the warning lights on the front panel of the CPC 100 • Lock the device with the safety key lock when you leave the CPC unattended!

The five safety rules

Important! Switching off the HV in the substation and the grounding procedure is the job of the utility personnel!

• Isolate • Protect against re-connecting • Check isolation • Earth and short circuit • Cover neighbouring live parts

Safety Briefing for Training

> Please read the safety instructions carefully and sign it afterwards

CPC 100 Hardware

Abdulla Hakeem [email protected]

18 March 2014

CPC 100 – The Facts

> 4,8 kVA maximum power > 800 A AC > 400 A DC > 2 kV AC

> Variable Frequency 15 Hz – 400 Hz

> Frequency selective measurement > Complex measurement

> Easy Data processing > Main Weight: 29 kg

Left hand side

Front Panel Binary Input Lock

AC Output

LEDs for easy connection

Warning Lights

DC Output Emergency Button

Measurement Inputs

Right hand side

Serial Port (CP TD1, CP SB1)

Safety Port

USB Port (Only for Flash memory)

Connection to a PC

Block Diagram of the CPC 100 Ext. Booster

500 V 500 V

2 kV

500 V 500 V 4 A 500 V 1 kV 2 A 2 kV 1 A 65 V

130 V / 6 A AC

65 V

Outputs

Filter / Rectifier / Converter

3.1 A Data Processing

6.3 A

65 V / 6 A DC

6 V / 800 A AC 5 V / 400 A DC 300 V AC 3 V AC 10 A AC / DC 10 V DC BIN IN

Inp.

Mains

Kelvin clamps: 4 wire measurement

Contact resistances

V

Ztest A

Kelvin clamps: 4-wire measurement RContact A

VContact VTest

V

ZTest VContact RContact

RContact A

VContact VTest

ZTest

V

VContact RContact

CPC 100 Basic Operations

Abdulla Hakeem [email protected]

18 March 2014

Test Card and Test Procedure Test Card

Test Procedure = saved in one xml-file

Test Card Functions

Front Panel View Selector Keys

Context depending soft keys

Add new test card

Switch between test cards

Start / Stop test Navigating

View Selector Keys

Test Card View

File Operations View

Test Procedure View

Settings View • Language • Date / Time • IP Configuration • Contrast • etc.

File Operations

xmt-files hier noch xmt und xml files aufmachen, noch ein paar ordner mehr.... auto save file rein!!

Settings View → Device Setup → Autosave:

Test Card: Quick Test current / voltage Output

Frequency Assessment OK

2 measured values

Actual value

Failed

Calculated value

Device temperature

Quick Card: Measurement Options

sel: frequency selective measurement CT / VT / Clamp: measurement via CT / VT / clamp CPC Out: internal measurement (AC 800A, DC 400A, AC 2KV)

f: frequency measurement

Frequency selective measurement 0 dB

U Interference Injection

-60 dB 50 Hz

f Shifted Injection

0 dB

U

-60 dB 50 Hz

70 Hz

f

Interpolation to 50 Hz Example: Line impedance measurement with parallel live system

Measurement via CT, VT or clamp

Choose Input

Set Calculation Factor

Quick Card: Calculation Options

Measurement: 2 voltages or 2 currents

Measurement: 1 voltage and 1 current

Impedance

• Bin/Time (Trigger Event) • Ratio (for 1A and 5A sec. current) • Diff (Difference between two measurements)

Power

Sequencer: Test Card

Define sequence

Similar to Quick Card

V, I, f 90 V

60 V 30 V

2s

4s

State 1 State 2

9s

State 3

t

Comment: Test Card

ASCII-coded txt-file

CPC 100 Tool Set (Start Page)

Abdulla Hakeem [email protected]

18 March 2014

CPC 100 Start Page

Double click on desktop symbol Main Section Tools

Templates

Main Section

Software Version

Connected Device Version 2.00 (Build 1246) Version 2.00 (1246)

Firmware Version

Phrase Editor

Phrase Editor

Display of CPC 100

One line = one phrase Transfer button

Two possibilities: 1) Edit phrases in Phrase Editor 2) Edit phrases in Notepad, save as .txt and import

Tools

> Primary Test Manager (PTM) > CPC Editor > Allows Test Procedure and Test Card View on the PC > For easy and convenient preparation of test cards and templates

> Display test report > .xml-file is transfered to Word or HTML format

> CPC Excel File Loader > Converts .xml-files (CPC 100 data) to Excel

> OMICRON Device Browser (ODB) > Access to OMICRON Device via PC

CPC Editor

Main Page

Settings

Test Procedure View

Test Card View

OMICRON Device Browser (ODB)

Display test report

Right click on .xml-file

CPC Excel File Loader Welcome: Load .xml-file Overview: List of all Test Cards Other Tabs: One Tab = One Test Card

Test Templates

Transfer templates to CPC 100

filtered by language and frequency

Help CPC 100 Template Excel Template

Template Workflow

.xmt

measure & save

Computer

1) 2) 3) 4)

CPC 100

load

equal

.xml

.xlt

save

.xlsm

Open Template on the CPC 100 from the Template folder (.xmt) Perform measurement and save (.xml) Open the corresponding Excel Template (.xlt) from Start Page Load the saved .xml-file and save the excel report (.xlsm)

Structure of a Template Predefined report sheets: • Further calculation • Added Diagrams • Presentable Design for Report

Structure of Excel File Loader

CPC 100: CT Testing

Abdulla Hakeem [email protected]

18 March 2014

CT Test Cards

CT Ration (and Burden): Setup

P1

800 A AC

Burden

1S1 1S2 2S1 P2 2S2 A ALL other secondary windings must be closed!!!

I AC/DC

V V1 AC

Voltage measurement is optional!

CT Ratio (and Burden): Test Card

Nameplate data

Test Current

Measurement results

2 BurdenVA  Z  I sec, nominal 

Vsec,measured 2  I sec,nominal I sec,measured

Connection: CP CB2 CPC 100

High-current cable with a plug on one end and a clamp on the other end

1)

Connection cable CP CB2↔CPC 100 Current booster CP CB2

2)

CP CB2: 1000A and 2000A mode

2000 A mode

1000 A mode

CTBurden: Setup

P1

800 A AC

1S2 2S1 P2 2S2

Burden

1S1

CTBurden: Test Card

nominal secondary current

Test stops automatically

test current & test frequency

2 BurdenVA  Z  I sec, nominal 

Vsec,measured 2  I sec,nominal I sec,measured

CTExcitation: Setup

P1

1S2 CT

2S1

Burden

1S1

2S2 P2

High voltage at the output!!

CTExcitation: Test Card

frequency

value of each measurement point

Standard for kneepoint determination

kneepoint data

Demagnetisation function

CTEcxitation: Adjust Scaling

3

1

2 Adjust scaling

Bad scaling

Adjusted scaling

RWinding: Setup

P1

1S2 CT

2S1

Burden

1S1

2S2 P2

Attention!!: • DO NOT interrupt the current path!! • ONLY use the RWinding Test Card!!

RWinding: Current profile

R-displayed Rmax

Dev. Rmin

Δt = 10 s

Dev.  Rmax  Rmin

time

RWinding: Test Card Test is stopped automatically if Dev. < 0,1 %

Rmin

0,2mV  I test

Rmax 

Measurement

Rmeas.

Actual deviation

VDC  I DC

Rref .  Rmeas. 

10V I test

Main measuring time

235  Tref . 235  Tmeas.

(IEC 60076-1)

PolCheck: Setup

P1 AC 800A

CT

1S1 S1 1S2 S2

S1 S2

P1 green LED

red LED

PolCheck: Test Card

Intermittent mode

Assessment for each test point

CTRatioV: Setup

W

V

U

• Short-circuit all terminals of other windings • Shorten remaining phases and neutral

N

CTRatioV: Test Card

Nameplate data

2 Vtest  Vknee 3

Test is stopped automatically

f test  f mains

Measurement results

Ratio 

I prim I sec



Vsec V prim

CT Templates

> Accuracy Limiting Factor (ALF) > ALF is calculated from > Winding resistance > Excitation > Burden (nominal or operating)

> Automated assessment for the protection class

> Comprehensive CT Test Report (3-phase CT Test) > > > > >

Polarity Ratio Burden Winding Resistance Excitation (Kneepoint) > Table and Diagram

Power Transformer Diagnostics - Introduction

Abdulla Hakeem [email protected]

18 March 2014

Transformer Breakdowns

Accessories

Vessel & Oil

Core

Bushing

Winding

Tap Changer

Sources of faults in Transformers

Source: Cigre_WG 12-05 „An international survey on failures in large power transformers in service“, Electra No. 88, 1983

Insulation strength

Condition and Time based maintenance

New condition

Condition based maintenance Diagnostic level Time based maintenance Operating stress

Time

 Condition based maintenance requires reliable diagnostic tools

Possible Impacts by lack of maintenance • • • • • • • • • • • •

Baseline data not recorded Problems during warranty period not detected OLTC contacts wear Oil oxidation begins Fan and Pump bearing wear Visible effects of weathering and UV Oil decay products affect paper insulation Miss oportunity to intercept accelerated ageing Oxidation and hydrolysis enters accelerated ageing state OLTC and bushing failure rates increase Dielectric withstand diminishes Expensive failure (bushing, OLTC)

Life of the Transformer

Maintenance Intervals

Action

Task Interval Light

Regular

Remark Intensive

Visit

6m

1m

1d

In service

Detailed inspection (visual)

1y

3m

2w

In service

DGA

2y

1y

3m

Task interval may differ with monitoring

Oil Test

6y

2y

1y

Cooling system cleaning

Conditional

Conditional

Any interval

Outage may be required

Accessories verification

12 y or conditional

6-8 y

1-2 y

Outage required

Electrical basic tests

Conditional

Conditional

Any interval

Outage required

Insulation tests (DF)

Conditional

6-8 y

2-4 y

Outage required

OLTC inspection

12 y

6-8 y

4y

Diagnostic Techniques Type of Problem Magnetic Circuit Integrity Magnetic Circuit Insulation Winding Geometry

Winding/Bushing/OLTC Continuity Winding/Bushing Insulation Winding Turn to Turn Insulation

Diagnostic Technique Basic Electrical

Winding Ratio

x

Winding Resistance Magnetisation Current

x x

Capacitance and DF/PF

x x

x

Leakage Reactance x

x

Core Ground Test

Advanced Electrical

x

x

Insulation Resistance

x

Frequency Response of Stray Losses Frequency Response Analysis

x

x x

x x

Polarisation/Depolarisation

x

Frequency Domain Spectroscopy

x

Recovery Voltage Method

x

Electrical Detection of PD

x

x

Acoustical detection of PD

x

x

UHF Detection of PD

x

x

Dissolved Gas Analysis

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Overview: Transformer Measurements

> Turns Ratio + Exciting Current > Winding Resistance (Dynamic and Static)

CPC 100

> Short Circuit Impedance (+FRSL) > C & DF (Winding, Bushing and Oil sample)

CPC 100 + CP TD1

> Moisture Determination in liquid and solid insulation (DIRANA) > Frequency Response Analysis (FRAnalyzer) > Partial Discharge (MPD 600)

Power Transformer Testing with CPC 100

Abdulla Hakeem [email protected]

18 March 2014

Power Transformer Test Cards

Ratio and excitation current measurement: Motivation

> Detectable failures > Shorted winding sections or turns > Core faults (shorted laminations)

> Indication > Tripping of the buchholz relays > Incorrect DGA

> Comment > Do not perform winding resistance tests before this test

TRRatio (per Tap): Setup

High voltage at the output!!

Do not perform the resistance measurement before the Ratio test!

TRRatio (per Tap): Vector Group 1. Example: YNd5

V

u

Corresponding pairs are in parallel!

w W

U

v

2. Example: Dy5 V

u

w U

W

Alternative: Look up the connection in the User Manual.

v

No parallel pairs: -> Shorten 2 terminals

TRRatio (per Tap): Test Card nominal ratio (3-phase)

nominal ratio (1-phase)

Test Voltage

Options for CP SB1

magnitude

phase

to Settings (ratio table)

V prim Vsec

Deviation from nominal ratio (1-phase)

TRRatio (per Tap): Test Card Settings

CP SB1 Options manage Taps

back to Main Page nominal voltage

Transformer Ratio: Template

TRRatio + Exciting Current: Interpretation

> TRRatio: > meaurement is OK if ± 0,5 % from nominal ratio

> Exciting current: > difference between the outer phases: +/- 5 % > results of middle phase could be up to 30 % lower

Resistance Measurement: Motivation

> Detectable Failures > Static resistance measurement > Bad internal contacts (diverter switch and tap selector switch contacts, connection clamps) > Short circuits between conductors of a winding > Damaged conductor (due to overheating, mechanical stress during fault)

> Dynamic Resistance measurement > Bad, bouncing contacts in the OLTC > Checks, if the OLTC is operating without interruption

> Indication > High internal temperatures > DGA

Resistance Measurement: Setup

A

a

B

b

C N

c n

RWinding: Current profile

I

R-displayed Rmax

Dev. Rmin

Δt = 10 s

Dev.  Rmax  Rmin

time

RWinding: Test Card Test is stopped automatically if Dev. < 0,1 %

Rmin

0,2mV  I test

Rmax 

Measurement

Rmeas.

Actual deviation

VDC  I DC

Rref .  Rmeas. 

10V I test

Main measuring time

235  Tref . 235  Tmeas.

(IEC 60076-1)

OLTC Principle

Tap Selector

Tap Selector

Diverter Switch

Diverter Switch

Commutating Resistors

R A

B

1. Step: Tap Selector changes tap position

Commutating Resistors

R A

B

2. Step: Diverter Switch moves from A to B

Definition of Ripple and Slope

TR Tap Check: Test Card choose Settings to edit

Dynamic Resistance

Measurement

to settings smallest deviation

Rref .  Rmeas. 

235  Tref . 235  Tmeas.

TR Tap Check: Test Card Settings

CP SB1 options

back to main page

Transformer Tap Changer: Template

Winding Resistance, Ripple and Slope: Interpretation

> Maximum difference of 1 % to factory test report (values corrected to 75 °C) > Difference between phases < 3 % > The behavior of ripple and slope of the 3 phases for up is similar

> The behavior of ripple and slope of the 3 phases for down is similar

Slope

Ripple

18,0% 16,0% 14,0% 12,0% 10,0% 8,0% 6,0% 4,0% 2,0% 0,0% 000

0,0A/s

A UP A DOWN B UP B DOWN C UP C DOWN

005

010

015 Taps

020

025

030

-2,0A/s

A UP A DOWN B UP B DOWN C UP C DOWN

-4,0A/s -6,0A/s -8,0A/s -10,0A/s -12,0A/s 000

005

010

015 Taps

020

025

030

CP SB1 Hardware

Transformer

CPC 100

Tests performed by CP SB1: • Ratio • Winding Resistance • OLTC test

CP SB1 Setup

Short Circuit Impedance – Leakage Reactance + FRSL

Z

A V

Short Circuit Impedance – Leakage Rectance

Transformer

FRSL

15

50

2 different measurements:

> Three-phase equivalent test (Short Circuit Impedance) > Per phase test (For Winding Diagnosis)

400

f

Equivalent Circuit: Neglection of the core

L1

R1AC

R1DC

L2

Lm n1:n2

R2AC

R2DC

RFe

Lm || RFe  L2  R2 AC  R2 DC Core can be neglected!

L1

R1AC

R1DC

L2

R2AC

R2DC

Setup: Three-phase equivalent test Measure all combinations: • H1-H2 • H2-H3 • H3-H1

Short-circuit all 3 phases Use a big cross-section for low resistance!!

Setup: Per phase test Measure all 3 combinations according to ratio measurement!

Inject according to Short-circuit only the ratio measurement corresponding terminals! According to ratio measurement.

TR Short Circuit Impedance – Leakage Reactance: CPC Template > TR Data: Comment Test Card > Add Transformer Data for Comparison

> 3 Phase Test: Comment Test Card > Connection Scheme for 3-phase test

> Zk AB, Zk BC and Zk AC: Sequencer Test Cards > Test Cards for 3-phase tests

> Per-Phase Test: Comment Test Card > Connection Scheme for per-phase test

> Zk A, Zk B and Zk C: Sequencer Test Cards > Test Cards for per-phase test

> Version: Comment Test Card

TR Short Circuit Impedance – Leakage Reactance: Excel Template > Calculation of Zk > Comparison with data from 3-phase factory test with W-Meter > Consideration wether Injection on HV- or LV-side > Consideration of Vector Group

> Rk(f) > 3 x three-phase equivalent test in one diagram > 3 x per phase test in one diagram > Deviation limits for ΔLk and ΔRk

> Lk(f) > Same structure as Rk(f)

Interpretation: Short Circuit Impedance

> Measured value should not differ more than 2 % from factory value > Difference between phases is usually less than 2 %

Interpretation: FRSL yes

no

Reference results available?

Comparison with reference results yes ΔL (%)

0 - 0,5

ΔR (%)

and 0-5

0,5 – 1,0

> 1,0

or

or

5 - 10

> 10

yes

Comparison with nameplate impedance No FRSL diagnostic

0-1,5 and

ΔR (%)

0 - 10

no

Transformer in its Tank?

Comparison between phases

ΔL (%)

no

3-Phase-Transformer?

Comparison between phases

1,5 - 2,5 or 10 - 15 or Rb > Ra or Rb > Rc

> 2,5 or > 15

ΔL (%)

0-1,5 and

ΔR (%)

0-5

1,5 - 2,5 or 5 -10

> 2,5 or > 10

Case Study: FRSL (Description)

After gaz production and analysis which indicated a hot spot involving paper: > Turns Ratio was correct > Excitation current was normal > DC resistance was normal

> Comparison between Short Circuit Impedances was normal (less than 3 %)

Case Study: FRSL (Assessment)

Primary Test Manager (PTM) Abdulla Hakeem [email protected]

18 March 2014

Transformer Test Types

1. DGA/Oil Screen 2. Standard Electrical Test 3. Advanced Diagnostic Test 4. SFRA

5. DFR 6. IR Covered by the Primary Test Manager (PTM)

7. Partial Discharge

109

Starting PTM

1

2

© OMICRON

Page 110

Welcome Screen

Settings

1

2

Connected Products

Workflow

© OMICRON

Page 111

3

4

Settings

1

© OMICRON

Page 112

Structure Define a Location

Define a Transformer

Overview: All Locations, Transformers, Jobs and Reports

Execute a Measurement

© OMICRON

Page 113

Define a Job

Create a Report

Location 1

2

1

New Transformer

© OMICRON

2

Page 114

Transformer Data Main Transformer Data

Tap Changer Data

Bushing Data

Surge Arrester Data

Must be filled in

Settings for Vector Group

© OMICRON

Page 115

Tap Changer OLTC or DETC

Located: HV or LV Tap Scheme

No. of Taps Calculation of Tap Voltage

© OMICRON

Page 116

Job I 1 2

Kind of Test

Selection of Test: On / Off

Test already executed? Yes / No

Assessment: Test Failed / Passed

© OMICRON

Page 117

Job II > 1. Info (Administration Data) > > > >

Job Number Tester Date etc.

> 2. Conditions > > > >

Weather Humidity Temperature etc.

> 3. Tap Changer State

© OMICRON

Page 118

Measurement Available Tests

Red Flashing during Operation

Test specific Data

© OMICRON

Wiring Diagram

Note: Measurement has to be started from the CPC Page 119

Report

Main Data

Measured Data

Diagrams

© OMICRON

Page 120

Advantages with PTM > Intuitive user interface

> Better preparation of the tests > Easy to enter Vector Group and Tap Changer data > Bread Crumb Navigation

> Better administration of the measured data > Fully automized generation of test reports

> Remote operation via PC > Measurement is executed via the PC (Final Initialization from CPC)

> PTM offers connection diagrams

© OMICRON

Page 121

Thank you for your attention!

Questions? 18 March 2014