Cours Uni 4 - La Genetique de Population

‫‪3‬‬

‫الوحدة الرابعة‬

‫علم وراثة الساكنــة‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪La population‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Le pool génétique‬‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1.2‬‬

‫‪Le pool ggénétique‬‬

‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ٌتم حساب تزدد انمظاهز انخارجٍح وتزدد االوماط انىراثٍح تاستعمال انصٍغ انتانٍح ‪:‬‬

‫‪1/11‬‬

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3

 n]a[=3 ‫] هو‬a[

‫ و‬، n]A[=11 ‫] هو‬A[

f([A]) = n([A])/N = 11/14 = 0,785 f([a]) = n([a])/N = 3/14 = 0,215  n(AA)=6 ‫ هو‬AA



n(Aa)=5 ‫ هو‬Aa



n(aa)=3 ‫ هو‬aa



f(AA) = D = n(AA)/N = 6/14 = 0,428 f(Aa) = H = n(Aa)/N = 5/14 = 0,357 f(aa) = R = n(aa)/N = 3/14 = 0,215 D+H+R = 0,428 + 0,357 + 0,215 = 1

3 ‫؟‬A ‫ و‬a ‫ احسة تزدد انحهٍهٍه‬1 ‫تاالعتماد عهى معطٍاخ انىثٍقح‬

3



A f(A) = p f(A) = ( n(Aa)+ 2n(AA))/2N = n(Aa) /2N + 2n(AA) /2N = ( n(Aa) /N ) /2 + n(AA) /N q = H /2 + D p = 0,357/2 + 0,428 = 0,621



a f(a) = q f(a) = ( n(Aa)+ 2n(aa))/2N = n(Aa) /2N + 2n(aa) /2N = ( n(Aa) /N ) /2 + n(aa) /N P = H/2 + R p = 0,357/2 + 0,215= 0,378 p+q = H/2 + D + H/2 + R = D + H + R = 1

Hardy-Weinberg H-W

3 1.3

4

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2/11

3

H-W G1

2.3 H-W

‫ متىح‬a ‫ سائذ و‬A ‫ وعتثز مىرثح تحهٍهٍه‬، (N) ‫داخم ساكىح مثانٍح تتكىن مه عذد كثٍز مه اافزاد‬ : G0 ً‫فً انجٍم انحان‬ f(a) = q ‫ هى‬a ‫ وتزدد انحهٍم‬،f(A) = p ‫ هى‬A ‫تزدد انحهٍم‬ 

5

f(aa)=R ‫ و‬f(Aa)=H ‫ و‬f(AA)=D ً‫تزدد انىماط انىراثٍح ه‬



G0



G1 2 f(AA) = p f(Aa) = 2pq 2 f(aa) = q 2 2 2 f(AA) + f(Aa) + f(aa) = p + 2pq +q = (p+q) = 1



G1 2

f(A) = f(AA) + 1/2 f(Aa) = p + 2pq/2 = p(p+q)

A

f(A) = p

p+q=1 2

f(a) = f(aa) + 1/2 f(Aa) = q + 2pq/2 = q(q+p)

a

f(a) = q

p+q=1 

H-W (p + q) q

2

p

2

f(AA) = n[AA]/N = p f(Aa) = n[Aa]/N = 2pq 2 f(aa) = n[aa]/N = q

4 6

f(aa) = 1/4 = 0,25

f(Aa) = 2/4 = 0, 5

f(AA) = 1/4 = 0,25

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p = q = 0,5

3/11

3

H-W

II

X2

1

2 7

2

f(AA) = n[AA]/N = p f(Aa) = n[Aa]/N = 2pq 2 f(aa) = n[aa]/N = q

  

2

n[AA] = N x p n[Aa] = N x 2pq 2 n[aa] = N x q

H-W

2 1.2

8

Shorthorn 423 RR

342

Shorthorn R'R'

144 R'R 1 2 3 

R’R’ R’R RR N = 342 + 423 + 144 = 909

1

N

 f(RR) = n(RR)/N = 342/909 = 0,376  f(RR’) = n(RR’)/N = 423/909 = 0,465  f(R’R’) = n(R’R’)/N = 144/909 = 0,158 

f(R) = p = f(RR) + f(RR’)/2 = 0,376 + 0,456/2 = 0,604 f(R’)= q = f(R’R’) + f(RR’)/2 = 0,158 + 0,456/2 = 0,396 X

2

2

n’ n(RR) = 342

, n(RR’) = 432 2

n

, n(R’R’) = 144

2

2

2

n'(RR) = p xN = 0,604 x909 = 331 , n’(RR’) = 2pqxN = 0,604x0,396x909 = 434 , n’(R’R’) = q xN = 0,396 x909 = 142

2

2

2

= (342 – 331) /331 + (423 – 434) /434 + (144 – 142) /142 X = 0,325 + 0,278 + 0,028 = 0,631 2

3,841 [email protected]

X

2

4/11

3

2.2 

1 9

Rhésus d D

[Rh+]

Rh [ Rh+ ]

D



[ Rh-]

d



230

400

1976 1

(D//d)

2

1 q d//d

170

d



D



[ Rh-]

f(dd) = n(dd)/N = 170/400 = 0,425 2

f(dd) = q = 0,425 q = √0,425 = 0,652 p p = 1 – 0,652 = 0,348

p=1–q

p+q=1

D//d

2

f(Dd) = 2pq = 2x0,652x0,348 = 0,453 n(Dd) = f(Dd) x N = 0,453 x 400 = 181



f(Dd) = n(Dd)/N

n(Dd)

H-W

D//d



2 10

+

m //m

+

+

m // m

-

1 m -

+

-

f(m m ) -

-

-

-

-

2

-

f(m m ) = n(m m )/N = 1/ 3000 f(m m ) = 0,00033

+

m // m -

f(m ) = q = √0,00033 = 0,018

-

-

2

-

f(m m ) = q = 0,00033

3 H-W

+

f(m ) = p = 1 – q = 1 – 0,018 = 0,982 f(m+m-) = 2 pq = 2x0,018x0,982 = 0,035

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5/11

3

H-W 11

3

X ω



S

   

H-W G0

q

p



ω S

G0+1

‫حيواوات مىوية تحمل‬ Y ‫الصبغي‬

1

♂

X ‫حيواوات مىوية تحمل الصبغي‬

Xs (p) XsXw (pq) XsXs (p2)

Y w X Y (q) XsY (p)

Xw (q) XwXw (q2) XsXw (pq)

♀ w

X (q) Xs (p) H/W

2

3 (G0+1)

1

w

S

f(X Y) = q S w

w w

f (X X ) = 2pq



f (X Y) = p 2

s s

f(X X ) = q

2



f (X X ) = p

2 

A A



f(X Y) = p A A

A a

2



f(X X ) + f(X X ) = p + 2pq

 

a a



f(X Y) = q a a

2



f(X X ) = q 2

(q