3
الوحدة الرابعة
علم وراثة الساكنــة 15
I La population
1
1
Le pool génétique
2 1.2
Le pool ggénétique
2.2 2
ٌتم حساب تزدد انمظاهز انخارجٍح وتزدد االوماط انىراثٍح تاستعمال انصٍغ انتانٍح :
1/11
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3
n]a[=3 ] هوa[
و، n]A[=11 ] هوA[
f([A]) = n([A])/N = 11/14 = 0,785 f([a]) = n([a])/N = 3/14 = 0,215 n(AA)=6 هوAA
n(Aa)=5 هوAa
n(aa)=3 هوaa
f(AA) = D = n(AA)/N = 6/14 = 0,428 f(Aa) = H = n(Aa)/N = 5/14 = 0,357 f(aa) = R = n(aa)/N = 3/14 = 0,215 D+H+R = 0,428 + 0,357 + 0,215 = 1
3 ؟A وa احسة تزدد انحهٍهٍه1 تاالعتماد عهى معطٍاخ انىثٍقح
3
A f(A) = p f(A) = ( n(Aa)+ 2n(AA))/2N = n(Aa) /2N + 2n(AA) /2N = ( n(Aa) /N ) /2 + n(AA) /N q = H /2 + D p = 0,357/2 + 0,428 = 0,621
a f(a) = q f(a) = ( n(Aa)+ 2n(aa))/2N = n(Aa) /2N + 2n(aa) /2N = ( n(Aa) /N ) /2 + n(aa) /N P = H/2 + R p = 0,357/2 + 0,215= 0,378 p+q = H/2 + D + H/2 + R = D + H + R = 1
Hardy-Weinberg H-W
3 1.3
4
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2/11
3
H-W G1
2.3 H-W
متىحa سائذ وA وعتثز مىرثح تحهٍهٍه، (N) داخم ساكىح مثانٍح تتكىن مه عذد كثٍز مه اافزاد : G0 ًفً انجٍم انحان f(a) = q هىa وتزدد انحهٍم،f(A) = p هىA تزدد انحهٍم
5
f(aa)=R وf(Aa)=H وf(AA)=D ًتزدد انىماط انىراثٍح ه
G0
G1 2 f(AA) = p f(Aa) = 2pq 2 f(aa) = q 2 2 2 f(AA) + f(Aa) + f(aa) = p + 2pq +q = (p+q) = 1
G1 2
f(A) = f(AA) + 1/2 f(Aa) = p + 2pq/2 = p(p+q)
A
f(A) = p
p+q=1 2
f(a) = f(aa) + 1/2 f(Aa) = q + 2pq/2 = q(q+p)
a
f(a) = q
p+q=1
H-W (p + q) q
2
p
2
f(AA) = n[AA]/N = p f(Aa) = n[Aa]/N = 2pq 2 f(aa) = n[aa]/N = q
4 6
f(aa) = 1/4 = 0,25
f(Aa) = 2/4 = 0, 5
f(AA) = 1/4 = 0,25
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p = q = 0,5
3/11
3
H-W
II
X2
1
2 7
2
f(AA) = n[AA]/N = p f(Aa) = n[Aa]/N = 2pq 2 f(aa) = n[aa]/N = q
2
n[AA] = N x p n[Aa] = N x 2pq 2 n[aa] = N x q
H-W
2 1.2
8
Shorthorn 423 RR
342
Shorthorn R'R'
144 R'R 1 2 3
R’R’ R’R RR N = 342 + 423 + 144 = 909
1
N
f(RR) = n(RR)/N = 342/909 = 0,376 f(RR’) = n(RR’)/N = 423/909 = 0,465 f(R’R’) = n(R’R’)/N = 144/909 = 0,158
f(R) = p = f(RR) + f(RR’)/2 = 0,376 + 0,456/2 = 0,604 f(R’)= q = f(R’R’) + f(RR’)/2 = 0,158 + 0,456/2 = 0,396 X
2
2
n’ n(RR) = 342
, n(RR’) = 432 2
n
, n(R’R’) = 144
2
2
2
n'(RR) = p xN = 0,604 x909 = 331 , n’(RR’) = 2pqxN = 0,604x0,396x909 = 434 , n’(R’R’) = q xN = 0,396 x909 = 142
2
2
2
= (342 – 331) /331 + (423 – 434) /434 + (144 – 142) /142 X = 0,325 + 0,278 + 0,028 = 0,631 2
3,841
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X
2
4/11
3
2.2
1 9
Rhésus d D
[Rh+]
Rh [ Rh+ ]
D
[ Rh-]
d
230
400
1976 1
(D//d)
2
1 q d//d
170
d
D
[ Rh-]
f(dd) = n(dd)/N = 170/400 = 0,425 2
f(dd) = q = 0,425 q = √0,425 = 0,652 p p = 1 – 0,652 = 0,348
p=1–q
p+q=1
D//d
2
f(Dd) = 2pq = 2x0,652x0,348 = 0,453 n(Dd) = f(Dd) x N = 0,453 x 400 = 181
f(Dd) = n(Dd)/N
n(Dd)
H-W
D//d
2 10
+
m //m
+
+
m // m
-
1 m -
+
-
f(m m ) -
-
-
-
-
2
-
f(m m ) = n(m m )/N = 1/ 3000 f(m m ) = 0,00033
+
m // m -
f(m ) = q = √0,00033 = 0,018
-
-
2
-
f(m m ) = q = 0,00033
3 H-W
+
f(m ) = p = 1 – q = 1 – 0,018 = 0,982 f(m+m-) = 2 pq = 2x0,018x0,982 = 0,035
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5/11
3
H-W 11
3
X ω
S
H-W G0
q
p
ω S
G0+1
حيواوات مىوية تحمل Y الصبغي
1
♂
X حيواوات مىوية تحمل الصبغي
Xs (p) XsXw (pq) XsXs (p2)
Y w X Y (q) XsY (p)
Xw (q) XwXw (q2) XsXw (pq)
♀ w
X (q) Xs (p) H/W
2
3 (G0+1)
1
w
S
f(X Y) = q S w
w w
f (X X ) = 2pq
f (X Y) = p 2
s s
f(X X ) = q
2
f (X X ) = p
2
A A
f(X Y) = p A A
A a
2
f(X X ) + f(X X ) = p + 2pq
a a
f(X Y) = q a a
2
f(X X ) = q 2
(q
