cours Géotechnique Ch V

Ch. V - Paramètres d’état hydrique et compactage des sols ➢Il

s’agit des paramètres qui ne sont pas propres au sol mais fonction de

l’environnement dans lequel il se trouve.

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Compactage 

Le compactage compactage est la réduction réduction du volume volume total total du sol sol par application application de l’énergie mécanique (densification du sol). sol).



Le compactage implique une expulsion d’air sans changement des quantités d’eau et du solide du sol (éléments incompressibles).



La combinaison entre les propriétés mécaniques et les propriétés hydriques traduit l’état physique du sol et sa sensibilité au tassement.

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Compactage 

Le compactage vise à améliorer la portance por tance des sols dans les aspects suivants:

o o o

Réduire ou éliminer le risque de tassement excessif  Augmenter Augme nter la résistance des sols face aux sollicitations Augmenter l’imperméa l’imperméabli blité té du sol. sol.

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Essai Proct Proctor: or: NF P 94-093 (1894-1962)

Principe de l’essai 

L’essai consiste à humidifier un matériau à plusieurs teneurs teneur s en eau et à le compacter, compacter, par damage en couches, couc hes, selon un procédé et une énergie énerg ie conventionnels.

(l’énergie est transmise au sol par la chute d’une dame

But de l’essai

→

compactage dynamique par impact. impact .

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Proctor normal • Ouvr Ouvrag ages es co conc ncer erné nés: s: rem rembl blai aiss et couches de forme • Rési Résist stan ance ce souh souhai aité té ́e: relativement moyenne

Proctor modifié • Ouvrages Ouvrages concernés: concernés: couches couches d’assise, chaussé chausséee des autor autorout outes es et pistes pistes des aéropo aéroports rts…. …. • Résistance souhaitée: très importante

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Caractéristiques de l’essai Moule

Proctor normal

Proctor modifié

Proctor

CBR

Proctor

CBR

Diam Diamèt ètre re du moul moulee (mm) (mm)

101.6

152

101.6

152

Masse de la dame (g)

2490

2490

4540

4540

Haut Hauteu eurr de chut chutee (mm) (mm)

305

305

457

457

Nomb Nombre re de couch couches es

3

3

5

5

Nombr Nombree de coups/ coups/cou couche che

25

55

25

55

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Dame P. modifié

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Mode opératoire 1. Humidifier un matériau à différentes teneurs en eau

1.

(au moins 5 fois avec un écart de 2 %) 2. compacter 3 (PN) ou 5 (PM) couches une par une

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Expression des résultats:



La courbe d= f(w) permet d’évaluer le comportement du matériau en

Zone : l’eau a un rôle lubrifiant

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Expression des résultats: Les courbes courbes de compactage compactage de saturation d’équation:

= f(w) f(w) sont tangen tangentes tes asympt asymptoti otique quemen mentt à une hyperb hyperbole ole d’éq d’équiui-deg degré ré d

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Exemple de tableau de classification des sols: sols A1: Extrait GTR

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Exemple de tableau de classification des sols: sol s: sols A1: Extrait GTR