Counseling Theory and Practice in the TC.doc

Counseling Theory and Practice in the TC Scope of Counseling and Psychotherapy From: Brammer, L. M., Abrego, P. J., and Shostrom, E. L. (1993). Therapeutic counseling and psychotherapy, (3rd Edition). New Jersey: Prentice Hall Counseling • • • • • • •

Educational Supportive Situational & developmental Problem-solving Conscious awareness Emphasis on “normals” Focus on present

Psychotherapy • • • • • • •

Reconstructive Supportive (more focused) Depth emphasis Analytic Unconscious dynamics Emphasis on “dysfunction” or severe emotional problems Focus on past patterns

Counseling Theories • • • •

Psychoanalytic Approach Phenomenological Approaches – Carl Roger’s Person-Centered Therapy – Gestalt Therapy Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches Systems Approaches

Some Helpful Concepts • • • • • • • •

Resistance (Denial) Confrontation Identification Projection Projective Identification Transference Counter-transference Corrective Emotional Experience

Counseling Issues in the T. C. • •

• • • •

Individual counseling within the context of “community as method” Confidentiality issues in counseling within the TC – individual needs vs. community needs – Adolescent issues, family, developmental issues, etc. – taboo behaviors and confidentiality – ethical issues Integrating other therapeutic approaches into the TC Gender Issues Counselor’s unresolved issues Transference and counter-transference issues

Keeping It Simple--individual counseling is provided in the TC to: • • • • • •

Ensure a constant source of client information and accountability. Provide a constant source of guidance and support to the client. Help surface complicated and troubled feelings. Provide direction and assist in problem solving. Address issues that need special attention i.e. learning problems, family issues, etc. The Goals Of Counseling Are:

• • • • • •

Establish rapport Elicit information Provide feedback To implement interventions that promote insight, build self-esteem, provide support, increase self-help behavior, explore new behaviors or responses. Experience intimacy through therapeutic relationship. Coordinate treatment around unique client needs.

Basic Counseling Skills • • •

Establishing Rapport Facilitating Insight Increasing Motivation

Establishing Rapport The three conditions counselor must establish: • Accurate Empathy • Warmth • Genuineness Accurate Empathy 1. 2.

Non-confrontational (personal attack) Skillful reflective listening

Warmth 1. 2.

Non-possessive warmth Unconditional positive regard

Genuineness 1. 2.

Honest feelings Authentic responses

Facilitating Insight • • • •

Establish trust Reinforce self-disclosing behavior Provide emotional support Provide information

Increase Motivation • • •

Bolster self-esteem Create dissonance Get commitment to try new behavior

Bolster Self-Esteem • • •

Acknowledge past successes Recognize strength Challenge erroneous beliefs about lack of abilities or capacity to do better.

Create Dissonance • •

Contrast between verbalized goal and current behavior. Realistic and unrealistic expectations of self and others.

Get Commitment to Try New Behaviors • • • •

“Confrontation” (resolving discrepancy between expectation and actual behavior) and holding a person accountable. Create scenarios or images of possible outcome for a series of alternative behaviors. Provide feedback on how well the person is doing. Get commitment on what he/she will do different.